Finland
ben cahoon
Dukes (title Hertig till Finland [as a fief of the Swedish crown])

1284 - 25 May 1291 Bengt I Folkunga, (from 1286) (b. 1254 - d. 1291)

biskop av Linköping

2 Dec 1302 - 10 Dec 1317 Valdemar Folkunga (b. bf.1290 - d. 1318)

1353 - 1357 Bengt II Algotsson (b. c.1330 - d. 1360)

1465 - 12 Nov 1467 Karl Knutsson "Bonde" (b. 1408 - d. 1470)

(King Karl VIII of Sweden 144857, 146465, 146770)

27 Jun 1556 - 12 Aug 1563 Johan Vasa (b. 1537 - d. 1592)

(from 26 Jan 1569, King Johan III of Sweden)

Grand Princes2 (also 29 Mar 1809 - 15 Mar 1917 the Emperors of Russia)

3 Aug 1577 - 6 Jan 1809 the kings of Sweden

6 Jan 1809 - 1 Dec 1825 Aleksandr I (b. 1777 - d. 1825)

1 Dec 1825 - 25 Dec 1825 Konstantin I (b. 1779 - d. 1831)

(proclaimed, but did not accept) 25 Dec 1825 - 2 Mar 1855 Nikolay I (b. 1796 - d. 1855) (enthronement retroactive to 1 Dec 1825) 2 Mar 1855 - 13 Mar 1881 Aleksandr II (b. 1818 - d. 1881) 13 Mar 1881 - 1 Nov 1894 Aleksandr III (b. 1845 - d. 1894) 1 Nov 1894 - 15 Mar 1917 Nikolay II (b. 1868 - d. 1918)

15 Mar 1917 - 9 Nov 1917 Vacant; Russian provisional government

exercising grand-princely authority

Governors (Lagman)

c.1155 - 1249 ....

1249 - 1255 Birger Magnusson jarl av Bielbo (b. c.1196 - d. 1266)

1255 - 1280 ....

1280 - 1281 Karl Gustavsson1283 - 25 May 1291 Bengt Folkunga (s.a.)

1291 - 1305 Torkel Knutsson (d. 1306)

1302 - 1317 Valdemar Folkunga (s.a.)1320 - 1336 Per Johansson (in Viborg)

1324 Algot Johansson

1324 - 1326 Mats Kettilmundsson (d. 1326)

1326 - c.1331 Karl Näskonungsson (or Haraldsson)

1332 - 1334 Torinus Jönsson

1334 - 1337 Erengisle Andersson

1337 - 1340? Lars (Laurentius) Petersson (in Åbo) 1340 - 1347 Dan Niklisson (or Nilsson)

c.1343 Johan Götesson (in Viborg)1347 - 13.. Mats Kettilmundsson (in Åbo)

1347 - c.1350 Gerhard Skytte

1353 - 1357 Bengt Algotsson (s.a.)

1357 - 21 Jun 1359 Erik Magnusson (King Erik XII) (s.a.)

1357 - 1364 Nils Turesson Bielke (in Viborg) (d. 1364)

1364 - 1365 Narve Ingvaldsson

1371 - 1386 Bo Jonsson Grip (in Åbo) (s.a.)

1386 - 15 Aug 1395 Jäppe Djäkn (in Åbo) (b. c.1350 - d. c.1411)

15 Aug 1395 - 1399 Knut Bosson Grip (in Åbo) (d. 1406)

1396 - 1421 Nils Tavast (b. 1355 - d. 1431)

1399 - 140. Abraham Brodersson (in Åbo) (d. 1410)

140. - 1413 Knut Thordsson Bonde (in Åbo) (b. c.1377 - d. 1413)

1413 - 1434 Klaus Lydekesson Djäkn (in Åbo) (b. 1379 - d. 1437)

1434 - 1437 Henrik Klasson (in Åbo)1403 - 1417 Tord Bonde (in Viborg)

1421? - 1435 Klas Lydekesson Djäkn (in Åbo) (b. 1379 - d. 1437)

1417 - 1442 Krister Nilsson (Vasa) (in Viborg) (b. c.1365 - d. 1442)

1436 - 1437 Henrik Klasson (in Åbo)

1437 - 1440 Hans Kröpelin d.ä. (in Åbo) (b. 1404 - d. 1440)

1440 - 144. Jon Karlsson Färla (in Åbo)

144. - 1442 Mats Ödgislesson Lillie (in Åbo) (b. 1382 - d. 1442)

1442 - 1446 Henrik Bitz (in Åbo) (d. 1458)

1440 - 1448 Carl Knutsson Bonde (in Viborg) (b. 1408 - d. 1470)

1446 - 1450 Magnus Gren (in Åbo)

1450 - 1457? Erik Axelsson Tott (in Åbo) (b. c.1415 - d. 1481)

1450 - 1457 Olav Nilsson

1457 - 1463 Krister Bengtsson Oxenstierna (b. 1415 - d. 1473)

(in Åbo)

1457 - 1481 Erik Axelsson Tott (in Viborg) (b. c.1420 - d. 1487)

1466 - 14.. Jöns Olofsson Stenbock (in Åbo) (d. 1488)

1481 - 1483 Laurens (Lars) Axelsson Tott (d. c.1483)

(in Viborg)

1490 - 1495 Nils Eriksson Gyllenstierna (b. c.1457 - d. 1495)

(in Viborg)

1491 - 1496? Joakim Henriksson Fleming (in Åbo) (d. 1496)

1495 - 1496 Knut Jönsson Posse (in Viborg) (b. c.1446 - d. 1500)

1497 - 1501 Sten Sture den Äldre ("the Elder") (b. 1440 - d. 1503)

1499 - 1502 Magnus Frille (in Åbo) (d. 1508)1499 - May 1511 Erik Turesson Bielke (in Viborg) (b. c.1462 - d. 1511)

1504 - 1515 Josef Persson till Djula (in Åbo)1513 - 1520 Tönne Eriksson Tott (in Viborg) (b. 1467 - d. 1522)

1515 - 1520 Krister Klasson Horn (in Åbo) (b. c.1480 - d. 1520)

1520 - 1522 Thomas Wulff van Grewendorp (in Åbo)

1520 - 1523 Rolf Mattsson (in Viborg)

1522? - 1523/27 Jöns Vestgöte (in Åbo)

1525 - 1534 Johan av Hoya (in Viborg) (d. 1535)

1526 - 1529? Joakim Henriksson Fleming (in Åbo)

c.1530 Erik Nilsson Sluk (in Åbo) (b. 1480 - d. c.1530)

1534 - 1545 Nils Mansson Grabbe (in Viborg) (b. c.1490 - d. 1549)

1535 - 1547 Tomas Jönsson Ryting (in Åbo) (b. c.1500 - d. 1550)

1545 - 1554? Mäns Nilsson Stjernkors (in Viborg)

1547 - May 1553 Olof Trottesson till Eka (in Åbo) (d. 1553)

1553 - 1560 Hans Thomasson till Kappelstrand

(in Åbo)

1556 - 1560 Klas Kristersson Horn (in Viborg) (b. 1517 - d. 1566)

Governors (title Ståthållare; 1623-1628 Landshöfding)

1551 - 1561 Henrik Horn til Kanckas (b. 1512? - d. 1595)

1561 - 1566 Gustav Fincke til Porkala och (b. c.1510 - d. 1566)

Sonnäs

1563 - Jul 1564 Jakob Hästesko til Sjundby (b. 152. - d. 1567)

(acting for Fincke)

1566 - 1568 Ivar Månsson Stjernkors til (b. c.1540 - d. 1573)

Kärknäs1568 - 1571 Hans Larsson Björnram til Isnäs (b. 152. - d. 1571)

1571 - 1576 Gustaf Banér til Djursholm och (b. 1547 - d. 1600)

Ekenäs1576 - 1594 Clas Åkesson Tott til Bystad (b. c.1530 - d. 1596)

(from 28 Sep 1576, Clas Åkesson friherre Tott til Bystad)

1587 - 1590 Axel Leijonhufwud greve Raseborg (b. 1554 - d. 1619)

1591 - 13 Apr 1597 Clas Fleming friherre til Wik (b. c.1530 - d. 1597)

13 Apr 1597 - 18 Sep 1599 Arvid Stålarm til Lindö (b. 1549? - d. 1620)

(acting 1 Aug 1597)

18 Aug 1599 - 1623 Post abolished

1623 - 1628 Nils friherre Bjelke til Salestad (b. 1569 - d. 1639)

Governors-general

1623 - 1631 Nils friherre Bjelke til Salestad (s.a.)

1631 - 1633 Gabriel friherre Oxenstierna (b. 1586 - d. 1656)

til Mörby och Lindholmen

1633 - 21 Nov 1637 Vacant

21 Nov 1637 - 7 Aug 1640 Per Brahe til Wisingsborg (b. 1602 - d. 1680)

(1st time)

7 Aug 1640 - 18 Jun 1648 Vacant

18 Jun 1648 - Sep 1651 Per Brahe til Wisingsborg (s.a.)

(from 18 Sep 1650, Per friherre Brahe til Wisingsborg)

(2nd time)

Sep 1651 - 1657 Vacant

1657 - 23 Oct 1657 Erik friherre Gyllenstjerna til (b. 1602 - d. 1657)

Uleberg

1657 - 1658 Gustaf friherre Horn til (b. 1614 - d. 1666)

Marienborg

1658 - 1664 Vacant

1664 - 1669 Herman Claesson friherre Fleming (b. 1619 - d. 1673)

til Liebelitz

1669 - 1710 Post abolished

Supreme Commanders

Oct 1700 - 12 Nov 1703 Abraham Cronhjort (b. 1634 - d. 1703)

12 Nov 1703 - Jan 1707 Georg Johan Maydell (b. 1648 - d. 1709)

Jan 1707 - 23 Sep 1710 Georg friherre Lybecker (b. c.1655 - d. 1718)

Governors-general

23 Sep 1710 - 25 Jan 1712 Carl Gustaf greve Nieroth (b. c.1650 - d. 1712)

25 Jan 1712 - 28 Aug 1713 Georg friherre Lybecker (s.a.)

(acting to Jul 1712)

28 Aug 1713 - 1717 Graf Fyodor Matveyevich (b. 1661 - d. 1728) Apraksin (Russian commander) 1717 - 30 Sep 1721 Gustaf Otto Graf von Douglas (b. 1687 - d. 1771) (Russian governor-general)30 Sep 1721 - 29 Aug 1742 Post abolished29 Aug 1742 - 2 Jan 1743 Francis Edward James Keith (b. 1696 - d. 1758) (Russian commander) 3 Jan 1743 - 1743 Johann Balthasar von Campenhausen (b. 1689 - d. 1758) (Russian governor-general)1743 - May 1747 VacantMay 1747 - Jul 1754 Gustaf Fredric friherre von Rosen (b. 1688 - d. 1769) (from 21 Nov 1751, Gustaf Fredric greve von Rosen)

Russian Commanding General22 Mar 1808 - Feb 1809 Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von (b. 1750 - d. 1811) Buxhöwden (= Fyodor Graf fon Buksgevden)Governors-general 1 Dec 1808 - 17 Jun 1809 Göran Magnus Freiherr (b. 1740 - d. 1819) Sprengtporten17 Jun 1809 - 1 Feb 1810 Mikhail Andreas Barclay de Tolly (b. 1761 - d. 1818) (= Mikhail Bogdanovich Barklay-de-Tolli) 3 Mar 1810 - 22 Mar 1824 Fabian Gotthard von Steinheil (b. 1762 - d. 1831) (from 18 Sep 1812, Fabian Gotthard Graf von Steinheil) (= Faddey Fyodorovich Shteyngel) (acting from 1823) 6 Sep 1812 - 13 Apr 1813 Gustav Mauritz Graf Armfelt (b. 1757 - d. 1814) (acting for Steinheil)22 Mar 1824 - 1 Dec 1831 Arseniy Andreyevich Zakrevskiy (b. 1783 - d. 1865) (from 14 Aug 1830, Arseniy Andreyevich Graf Zakrevskiy)

1 Dec 1831 - 15 Mar 1855 Knyaz' Aleksandr Sergeyevich (b. 1787 - d. 1869)

Menshikov

24 Apr 1833 - 6 Sep 1846 Alexander Amatus Thesleff (b. 1778 - d. 1847)

(acting intermittently for Menshikov)

4 May 1850 - 12 Jan 1851 Platon Ivanovich Rokasovskiy (b. 1800 - d. 1869)

(acting for Menshikov)(1st time)

26 Jul 1851 - 17 Dec 1851 Platon Ivanovich Rokasovskiy (s.a.)

(acting for Menshikov)(2nd time)

22 Feb 1854 - 24 Jan 1855 Platon Ivanovich Rokasovskiy (s.a.)

(acting for Menshikov)(3rd time)24 Jan 1855 - 15 Mar 1855 Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert Graf (b. 1794 - d. 1874) von Berg (Fyodor Graf fon Berg) (acting for Menshikov)15 Mar 1855 - 11 Dec 1861 Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert Graf (s.a.) von Berg (from 8 Oct 1857, Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert Freiherr von Berg)11 Dec 1861 - 2 Jun 1866 Platon Ivanovich Rokasovskiy (s.a.) 5 Aug 1864 - 16 Oct 1864 Johan Mauritz Freiherr Nordenstam (b. 1802 - d. 1882) (acting for Rokasovsky)(1st time)

2 Jun 1866 - 18 Jun 1881 Graf Nikolay Vladimirovich (b. 1819 - d. 1892)

Adlerberg

23 Jun 1866 - 21 Jul 1866 Bernhard Indrenius (1st time) (b. 1812 - d. 1884)

(= Berngard Emmanuilovich Indrenyus)

(acting for Adlerberg)

18 Jul 1867 - 18 Oct 1867 Bernhard Indrenius (2nd time) (s.a.)

(acting for Adlerberg)

20 Jul 1868 - 18 Oct 1868 Johan Mauritz Freiherr Nordenstam (s.a.)

(2nd time)(acting for Adlerberg)

15 Jul 1869 - 6 Oct 1869 Bernhard Indrenius (3rd time) (s.a.)

(acting for Adlerberg)

7 May 1870 - 11 Sep 1870 Johan Maurtiz Freiherr Nordenstam (s.a.)

(3rd time)(acting for Adlerberg)

13 Jun 1871 - 13 Sep 1871 Bernhard Baron Indrenius (4th time)(s.a.) (acting for Adlerberg)

19 Jul 1872 - 19 Nov 1872 Edvard Gustaf af Forselles (b. 1817 - d. 1891)

(acting for Adlerberg)

19 Nov 1872 - 24 Mar 1873 Johan Maurtiz Freiherr Nordenstam (s.a.)

(4th time)(acting for Adlerberg)25 Jun 1873 - 11 Nov 1873 Bernhard Baron Indrenius (s.a.) (5th time)(acting for Adlerberg) 2 Jun 1874 - 22 Oct 1874 Bernhard Baron Indrenius (s.a.) (6th time)(acting for Adlerberg)22 Jun 1875 - 17 Nov 1875 Bernhard Baron Indrenius (s.a.) (7th time)(acting for Adlerberg)17 Aug 1876 - 21 Jun 1876 Bernhard Baron Indrenius (s.a.) (8th time)(acting for Adlerberg) 3 Jun 1881 - 31 Jan 1897 Friedrich Graf von Heyden (b. 1831 - d. 1900) (= Graf Fyodor Logginovich fon Heiden)31 Jan 1897 - 12 Oct 1898 Stepan Osipovich Goncharov (b. 1831 - d. 1912) (acting)12 Oct 1898 - 17 Jun 1904 Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov (b. 1839 - d. 1904)18 Jun 1904 - 18 Aug 1904 Nikolay Matveyevich Turbin (acting)(b. 1832 - d. 1913)18 Aug 1904 - 6 Dec 1905 Knyaz' Ivan Mikhaylovich Obolenskiy(b. 1853 - d. 1910)18 Nov 1905 - 6 Dec 1905 Anton Freiherr Salza (b. 1843 - d. 1916) (acting for Obolenskiy)

6 Dec 1905 - 15 Feb 1908 Nikolay Nikolayevich Gerard (b. 1838 - d. 1929)

15 Feb 1908 - 24 Nov 1909 Vladimir Aleksandrovich Bekman (b. 1848 - d. 1923)

(Boeckmann)

19 Feb 1908 - 28 Feb 1908 Frans-Al'bert Aleksandrovich Zeyn (b. 1862 - d. 1918)

(acting for Bekman)

24 Nov 1909 - 16 Mar 1917 Frans-Al'bert Aleksandrovich Zeyn (s.a.)

16 Mar 1917 - 19 Mar 1917 Adam Iosifovich Lipskiy (acting) (b. 1860 - d. 1921)

19 Mar 1917 - 31 Mar 1917 Baron Sergey Aleksandrovich (b. 1876 - d. 1924)

Korov (acting)

31 Mar 1917 - 17 Sep 1917 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Stakhovich (b. 1861 - d. 1923)

17 Sep 1917 - 9 Nov 1917 Nikolay Vissarionovich Nekrasov (b. 1879 - d. 1940) KDP

Speaker of the Diet of Finland

9 Nov 1917 - 18 May 1918 Otto Johannes Lundson (b. 1867 - d. 1939) PSP

Holder of Supreme Authority (commonly called Regent)

18 May 1918 - 12 Dec 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (b. 1861 - d. 1944) PSP

(formally held the office of chairman of

Senate 27 Nov 1917 - 27 Nov 1918, then chairman

of Council of State 27 Nov - 12 Dec 1918;

[in Vaasa refuge 29 Jan - 3 May 1918])

King-elect3

9 Oct 1918 - 14 Dec 1918 Friedrich Karl (did not reign) (b. 1868 - d. 1940)

Lieutenant of the Realm (Valtionhoitaja = Riksföreståndare [usually translated: Regent])

12 Dec 1918 - 26 Jul 1919 vapaaherra Carl Gustaf Emil (b. 1867 - d. 1951) Mil

Mannerheim (= Kustaa Mannerheim)

(landed in Turku 22 Dec 1918, in Helsinki 23 Dec 1918)

12 Dec 1918 - 23 Dec 1918 Lauri Johannes Ingman (b. 1868 - d. 1934) KOK

(acting for absent Mannerheim)

Presidents

26 Jul 1919 - 1 Mar 1925 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (b. 1865 - d. 1952) ED (= Carl Johan Ståhlberg) 1 Mar 1925 - 1 Mar 1931 Lauri Kristian Relander (b. 1883 - d. 1942) ML (= Lars Kristian Relander) 1 Mar 1931 - 1 Mar 1937 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (s.a.) SDP 1 Mar 1937 - 19 Dec 1940 Kyösti Kallio (b. 1873 - d. 1940) ML (= Gustaf Kalliokangas)19 Dec 1940 - 1 Aug 1944 Risto Heikki Ryti (b. 1889 - d. 1956) ED (= Risto Henrik Ryti) (acting [for Kallio 29 Aug - 19 Dec 1940] to 21 Dec 1940) 1 Aug 1944 - 4 Aug 1944 Edwin Johan Hildegard Linkomies (b. 1894 - d. 1963) KOK (= Edwin Johan Hildegard Flinck) (acting) 4 Aug 1944 - 4 Mar 1946 vapaaherra Carl Gustaf Emil (s.a.) Mil/Non-party Mannerheim 4 Mar 1946 - 1 Mar 1956 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (b. 1870 - d. 1956) KOK (= Johan August Hellstén) (acting [for Mannerheim 5 Mar 1945 - 4 Mar 1946] to 11 Mar 1946) 1 Mar 1956 - 27 Jan 1982 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (b. 1900 - d. 1986) ML;1965 KESK27 Jan 1982 - 1 Mar 1994 Mauno Henrik Koivisto (b. 1923 - d. 2017) SDP (acting for Kekkonen 11 Sep 1981 - 27 Jan 1982) 1 Mar 1994 - 1 Mar 2000 Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (b. 1937 - d. 2023) SDP 1 Mar 2000 - 1 Mar 2012 Tarja Kaarina Halonen (f) (b. 1943) SDP 1 Mar 2012 - 1 Mar 2024 Sauli Väinämö Niinistö (b. 1948) KOK

1 Mar 2024 - Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (b. 1968) KOK

Chairman of the Finnish Delegation (in Saint Petersburg)12 Nov 1808 - 9 Jan 1809 Carl Erik Graf Mannerheim (b. 1759 - d. 1837)State Secretaries for Finnish Affairs (in Saint Petersburg) 9 Jan 1809 - 7 Nov 1811 Mikhail Mikhaylovich Speranskiy (b. 1772 - d. 1839) 7 Nov 1811 - 18 Dec 1834 Robert Henrik Rehbinder (b. 1777 - d. 1841) (from 3 Sep 1826, Robert Henrik Graf Rehbinder)Chairmen of the Committee for Finnish Affairs (in Saint Petersburg)

20 Oct 1811 - 19 Aug 1814 Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt (s.a.)

(from 18 Sep 1812 Gustaf Mauritz Graf Armfelt)

19 Aug 1814 - 9 Sep 1832 Knut von Troil (b. 1760 - d. 1825)

(from 22 Jan 1818, Knut Freiherr von Troil)

(acting to 12 Sep 1814)

28 Aug 1821 - 29 Mar 1826 Robert Henrik Rehbinder (s.a.) (acting for Troil)

Ministers of State for the Grand Principality of Finland (in Saint Petersburg)

18 Dec 1834 - 8 Mar 1841 Robert Henrik Graf Rehbinder (s.a.)

8 Mar 1841 - 8 Jan 1876 Alexander Graf Armfelt (b. 1794 - d. 1876)

(acting to 17 Mar 1841)

8 Jan 1876 - 3 Sep 1881 Carl Knut Emil Freiherr Stjernvall (b. 1806 - d. 1890)

-Walléen (acting to 13 Jan 1876)

3 Sep 1881 - 3 Sep 1888 Theodor von Bruun (b. 1821 - d. 1888)

(from 14 Apr 1883, Theodor Freiherr von Brunn)

3 Sep 1888 - 9 Apr 1891 Johann Casimir Ehrnrooth (b. 1833 - d. 1913)

(acting to 9 Nov 1888)

9 Apr 1891 - 13 Jun 1898 Woldemar Carl von Daehn (b. 1838 - d. 1900)

13 Jun 1898 - 29 Aug 1899 Victor Napoleon von Procopé (b. 1839 - d. 1906)

(acting)

29 Aug 1899 - 28 Jul 1904 Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Pleve (b. 1846 - d. 1904)

(von Plehwe)(acting to 13 Jan 1900)

28 Jul 1904 - 18 Jan 1905 Edvard Oerstroem (1st time)(acting)(b. 1862 - d. 1922)

18 Jan 1905 - 28 Nov 1905 Constantin Linder (b. 1836 - d. 1908)

28 Nov 1905 - 5 Feb 1906 Edvard Oerstroem (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)

5 Feb 1906 - 21 Apr 1913 Carl Fredrik Langhoff (b. 1856 - d. 1929)

(from 14 Oct 1912, Carl Frederik Freiherr Langhoff)

21 Apr 1913 - 19 Mar 1917 Vladimir Ivanovich Markov (b. 1859 - d. 1919)

19 Mar 1917 - 8 Apr 1917 Theodor Izmailovich Rodichev (b. 1854 - d. 1923) KDP

(Minister Secretary for Finnish Affairs)

(acting)

8 Apr 1917 - 14 Dec 1917 Carl Johan Alexis Enckell (b. 1876 - d. 1959) (Minister Secretary for Finnish Affairs)Vice Chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department (from 27 Nov 1917, Chairmen of the Senate) 1 Oct 1822 - 28 Feb 1826 Carl Erik Freiherr Mannerheim (s.a.) (from 7 Jan 1824, Carl Erik Graf Mannerheim) 1 Mar 1826 - 12 Jan 1828 Samuel Fredrik von Born (b. 1782 - d. 1850) (acting to 1 Jan 1827)12 Jan 1828 - 10 Apr 1833 Anders Henrik Falck (b. 1772 - d. 1851)

10 Apr 1833 - 30 Sep 1841 Gustaf Hjärne (b. 1768 - d. 1845) (from 5 May 1841, Gustaf Freiherr Hjarne) (acting to 1 Oct 1834)

1 Oct 1841 - 30 Apr 1858 Lars Gabriel von Haartman (b. 1789 - d. 1859)

(from 26 Apr 1851, Lars Gabriel Freiherr von Haartman) 1 Jun 1858 - 8 Jun 1882 Johan Mauritz Nordenstam (s.a.)

(from 15 Apr 1860, Johan Mauritz Freiherr Nordenstam)

1 Oct 1882 - 30 Sep 1885 Edvard Gustaf af Forselles (s.a.)

1 Oct 1885 - 1 Dec 1891 Samuel Werner Freiherr von Troil (b. 1833 - d. 1900)

1 Dec 1891 - 29 Oct 1900 Sten Carl Tudeer (b. 1840 - d. 1905)

29 Oct 1900 - 18 Jan 1905 Constantin Linder (s.a.)

4 May 1905 - 4 Dec 1905 Emil Streng (b. 1838 - d. 1911)

1 Dec 1905 - 10 Jun 1908 Leopold Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin (b. 1839 - d. 1914) SFP

5 Aug 1908 - 27 Apr 1909 Edvard Immanuel Hjelt (b. 1855 - d. 1921) PSP

27 Apr 1909 - 19 Oct 1909 August Johannes Hjelt (acting) (b. 1862 - d. 1919) SP

19 Oct 1909 - 21 Dec 1909 Andrey Andreyevich Virenius (b. 1850 - d. 1919) Mil

(1st time) (acting)

21 Dec 1909 - 21 Apr 1913 Vladimir Ivanovich Markov (s.a.) Mil

21 Apr 1913 - 16 Mar 1917 Mikhail Mikhaylovich Borovitinov (b. 1874 - d. 1921) Non-party

17 Mar 1917 - 26 Mar 1917 Andrey Andreyevich Virenius (s.a.) Mil

(2nd time) (acting)

26 Mar 1917 - 17 Aug 1917 Antii Oskari Tokoi (b. 1873 - d. 1963) SDP

17 Aug 1917 - 27 Nov 1917 Eemil Nestor Setälä (b. 1864 - d. 1935) PSP

27 Nov 1917 - 27 Nov 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (s.a.) PSP

(1st time)(in Vaasa refuge 29 Jan - 3 May 1918)

27 May 1918 - 27 Nov 1918 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (s.a.) SP

(= Johan August Hellstén)

(acting for Svinhufvud)

Prime ministers

27 Nov 1918 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1st time) (s.a.) SP

27 Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919 Lauri Johannes Ingman (1st time) (s.a.) KOK

17 Apr 1919 - 15 Aug 1919 Kaarlo Castrén (b. 1860 - d. 1938) NPP

15 Aug 1919 - 15 Mar 1920 Juho Heikki Vennola (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1938) NPP

15 Mar 1920 - 9 Apr 1921 Rafael Waldemar Erich (b. 1879 - d. 1946) KOK 9 Apr 1921 - 2 Jun 1922 Juho Heikki Vennola (2nd time) (s.a.) NPP 2 Jun 1922 - 14 Nov 1922 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1943) Non-party14 Nov 1922 - 18 Jan 1924 Kyösti Kallio (1st time) (s.a.) ML18 Jan 1924 - 31 May 1924 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (2nd time) (s.a.) ED31 May 1924 - 31 Mar 1925 Lauri Johannes Ingman (2nd time) (s.a.) KOK31 Mar 1925 - 31 Dec 1925 Antti Agaton Tulenheimo (b. 1879 - d. 1952) KOK31 Dec 1925 - 13 Dec 1926 Kyösti Kallio (2nd time) (s.a.) ML13 Dec 1926 - 17 Dec 1927 Väinö Alfred Tanner (b. 1881 - d. 1966) SDP17 Dec 1927 - 22 Dec 1928 Juho Emil Sunila (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1936) ML22 Dec 1928 - 16 Aug 1929 Oskari Mantere (= Oskar Majamäki) (b. 1874 - d. 1942) NPP 16 Aug 1929 - 6 Jul 1930 Kyösti Kallio (3rd time) (s.a.) ML

6 Jul 1930 - 16 Feb 1931 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (s.a.) KOK

(2nd time)

16 Feb 1931 - 21 Mar 1931 Juho Heikki Vennola (3rd time) (s.a.) ED

21 Mar 1931 - 14 Dec 1932 Juho Emil Sunila (2nd time) (s.a.) ML

14 Dec 1932 - 7 Oct 1936 Toivo Mikael Kivimäki (b. 1886 - d. 1968) NPP

7 Oct 1936 - 17 Feb 1937 Kyösti Kallio (4th time) (s.a.) ML

17 Feb 1937 - 12 Mar 1937 Eino Rudolf Woldemar Holsti (b. 1881 - d. 1945) ED

(acting)

12 Mar 1937 - 1 Dec 1939 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (3rd time) (s.a.) NPP

1 Dec 1939 - 21 Dec 1940 Risto Heikki Ryti (s.a.) NPP

(= Risto Henrik Ryti)

21 Dec 1940 - 3 Jan 1941 Rudolf Waldén (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1946) Mil

3 Jan 1941 - 5 Mar 1943 Johan Wilhelm Rangell (b. 1894 - d. 1982) NPP

5 Mar 1943 - 8 Aug 1944 Edwin Johan Hildegard Linkomies (s.a.) KOK

(= Edwin Johan Hildegard Flinck)

8 Aug 1944 - 21 Sep 1944 Antti Verner Hackzell (b. 1881 - d. 1946) KOK

21 Sep 1944 - 17 Nov 1944 Urho Jonas Castrén (b. 1886 - d. 1965) Non-party

17 Nov 1944 - 26 Mar 1946 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (2nd time) (s.a.) KOK

26 Mar 1946 - 29 Jul 1948 Mauno Pekkala (b. 1890 - d. 1952) SKDL

29 Jul 1948 - 17 Mar 1950 Karl August Fagerholm (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1984) SDP

17 Mar 1950 - 17 Nov 1953 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (1st time) (s.a.) ML

17 Nov 1953 - 5 May 1954 Sakari Severi Tuomioja (b. 1911 - d. 1964) VL

5 May 1954 - 20 Oct 1954 Ralf Johan Gustaf Törngren (b. 1899 - d. 1961) SFP

20 Oct 1954 - 3 Mar 1956 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (2nd time) (s.a.) ML

15 Feb 1956 - 3 Mar 1956 Johannes Virolainen (b. 1914 - d. 2000) ML

(acting for Kekkonen)

3 Mar 1956 - 27 May 1957 Karl August Fagerholm (2nd time) (s.a.) SDP

27 May 1957 - 29 Nov 1957 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen (b. 1906 - d. 1995) ML

(1st time)

29 Nov 1957 - 26 Apr 1958 Berndt Rainer von Fieandt (b. 1890 - d. 1972) Non-party

26 Apr 1958 - 29 Aug 1958 Reino Iisakki Kuuskoski (b. 1907 - d. 1965) Non-party

29 Aug 1958 - 13 Jan 1959 Karl August Fagerholm (3rd time) (s.a.) SDP

13 Jan 1959 - 19 May 1961 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen (s.a.) ML

(2nd time)

19 May 1961 - 14 Jul 1961 Eemil Vihtori Luukka (acting) (b. 1892 - d. 1970) ML

14 Jul 1961 - 13 Apr 1962 Martti Johannes Miettunen (b. 1907 - d. 2002) ML

(1st time)

13 Apr 1962 - 18 Dec 1963 Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen (b. 1923 - d. 1990) ML

(1st time)

18 Dec 1963 - 12 Sep 1964 Reino Ragnar Lehto (b. 1898 - d. 1966) Non-party

12 Sep 1964 - 27 May 1966 Johannes Virolainen (b. 1914 - d. 2000) ML;1965 KESK

27 May 1966 - 22 Mar 1968 Kustaa Rafael Paasio (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1980) SDP

22 Mar 1968 - 14 May 1970 Mauno Henrik Koivisto (1st time) (s.a.) SDP

14 May 1970 - 15 Jul 1970 Teuvo Ensio Aura (1st time)(acting)(b. 1912 - d. 1999) Non-party

15 Jul 1970 - 29 Oct 1971 Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen (s.a.) KESK

(2nd time)

29 Oct 1971 - 23 Feb 1972 Teuvo Ensio Aura (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.) Non-party

23 Feb 1972 - 4 Sep 1972 Kustaa Rafael Paasio (2nd time) (s.a.) SDP

4 Sep 1972 - 13 Jun 1975 Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 2004) SDP

13 Jun 1975 - 30 Nov 1975 Keijo Anfero Liinamaa (acting) (b. 1929 - d. 1980) Non-party

30 Nov 1975 - 15 May 1977 Martti Johannes Miettunen (s.a.) KESK

(2nd time)

15 May 1977 - 26 May 1979 Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (2nd time) (s.a.) SDP

26 May 1979 - 27 Jan 1982 Mauno Henrik Koivisto (2nd time) (s.a.) SDP

11 Sep 1981 - 19 Feb 1982 Eino Oskari Uusitalo (b. 1924 - d. 2015) KESK

(acting [for Koivisto to 27 Jan 1982])

19 Feb 1982 - 30 Apr 1987 Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (3rd time) (s.a.) SDP

30 Apr 1987 - 26 Apr 1991 Harri Hermanni Holkeri (b. 1937 - d. 2011) KOK

26 Apr 1991 - 13 Apr 1995 Esko Tapani Aho (b. 1954) KESK

13 Apr 1995 - 17 Apr 2003 Paavo Tapio Lipponen (b. 1941) SDP

17 Apr 2003 - 24 Jun 2003 Anneli Tuulikki Jäätteenmäki (f) (b. 1955) KESK

24 Jun 2003 - 22 Jun 2010 Matti Taneli Vanhanen (b. 1955) KESK

22 Jun 2010 - 22 Jun 2011 Mari Johanna Kiviniemi (f) (b. 1968) KESK

22 Jun 2011 - 24 Jun 2014 Jyrki Tapani Katainen (b. 1971) KOK

24 Jun 2014 - 29 May 2015 Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (s.a.) KOK 29 May 2015 - 6 Jun 2019 Juha Petri Sipilä (b. 1961) KESK

6 Jun 2019 - 10 Dec 2019 Antti Juhani Rinne (b. 1962) SDP

10 Dec 2019 - 20 Jun 2023 Sanna Mirella Marin (f) (b. 1985) SDP

20 Jun 2023 - Antti Petteri Orpo (b. 1969) KOK

Allied (Soviet) Occupation

Chairman of the Allied Control Commission

22 Sep 1944 - 15 Sep 1947 Andrey Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (b. 1896 - d. 1948) Mil

(Soviet Union)

German Forces 1918

Director-general of German Forces in Finland (Ostsee-Division)

12 Apr 1918 - 16 Dec 1918 Gustav Adolph Joachim Rüdiger von (b. 1865 - d. 1946) Mil

der Goltz

¹common confusion over the polity name ("grand principality" versus "grand duchy") stems from the fact that the title initially introduced was that of a "duke" (Hertig til Finland); "duchy" being the regular designation of a region within the Swedish kingdom), whereas subsequently and still in the 19th century the title used was that of "grand prince" (Storfurste till Finland, in Russian Velikiy knyaz'). The style of the polity should therefore be correctly rendered as "Grand Principality".

2title used 1809-1917 only as a part of the full and/or short title of the Emperor of Russia; equivalents in other languages used for official purposes: (in Russian) Velikiy knyaz' Finlyandskiy; (in Swedish)Storfurste till Finland; (in Finnish) Suomen Suuriruhtinas (Grand Prince of Finland).

3Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin, Prinz und Landgraf zu Hessen (s.a.) was elected King of Finland (Suomen kuningas) by the Diet on 9 Oct 1918, but declined to accept the crown. His decision was communicated by a letter on 14 Dec 1918 addressed to the Finnish ambassador in Berlin. The Council of State of Finland published the letter in the Official Gazette No. 232 on 28 Dec 1918. In the Finnish election document the prince was called "Fredrik Kaarle", the name "Väinö I", occasionally reported as the intended regnal name, was never actually considered a name for the king of Finland.

Noble titles: Greve/Graf = Count; Friherre/Freiherr/Vapaaherra = Baron; Jarl = Earl; Knyaz' = Prince.Territorial Disputes: None; Following a treaty agreement in 1963, the Soviet Union leased the Soviet section of the Saimaa Canal area and the island of Malyy Vysotskiy (Ravansaari) to Finland for fifty years. Under the new Saimaa Canal lease treaty signed by the Finnish and Russian governments in 2010, the lease was extended for another fifty years and Malyy Vysotskiy was again to be managed by Russian authorities, the treaty went into effect on 17 Feb 2012; Various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish government asserts no territorial demands.Party abbreviations:KESK = Suomen Keskusta (Center of Finland, centrist, former ML, est.1965); KOK = Kansallinen Kokoomus (National Coalition, center-right, est.1918); LKP = Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue (Liberal People's Party, liberal, merger of VL and KP, from 2001 named Liberaalit [Liberals], est.1965); SDP = Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue (Social Democratic Party of Finland, social-democratic, est.1899); SFP = Svenska Folkpartiet i Finland/Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (Swedish People's Party of Finland, liberal, est.1906, as Svenska Partiet/Ruotsalainen Puolue [Swedish Party] 1870-1906); KD = Suomen Kristillisdemokraatit (Christian Democratic Party of Finland, christian democratic, former SKL, est.2001); VS = Vasemmistoliitto (Left Alliance, democratic socialist, merger of SKDL and SKP, est.1990); Mil = Military; - Former parties: ED = Kansallinen Edistyspuolue (National Progressive Party, liberal, republican, former, NSP, 1918-1951); KDP = Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya (Constitutional Democratic Party, "Kadets", Russian liberal, 12 Oct 1905-12 Dec 1917); KP = Suomen Kansanpuolue (Finnish People's Party, liberal conservative, nationalist, 1951-1965, merged with VL as LKP); ML = Maalaisliitoksi (Farmers League, agrarian, liberal, 1906-1965, renamed KESK); NPP = Kansallinen Edistyspuole (National Progressive Party, liberal, 1918-1951); SKDL = Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto (Finnish People's Democratic League, communists and socialists, 1944-1990, then VS); PSP = Perustuslaillis-Suomenmielinen Puolue (Constitutional-Fennoman Party, "Young Finnish" Party, liberal, opposed Russification, 1894-1918, succeeded by ED); SKL = Suomen Kristillinen Liitto (Christian League of Finland, christian democratic, centrist, 1958-2001, renamed KD); SKP = Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue (Finnish Communist Party, communist, suppressed 1923-44, merged with SKDL into VS, 1918-1990); SMP = Suomen Maaseudun Puolue (Finnish Agrarian Party, agrarian, 1959-2003); SP = Suomalainen puolue/Finska Partiet (Finnish Party, "Old Finnish" Party, conservative, 1863-1918, succeeded by KOK); VL = Vapaamielisten Liitto (Liberal League, liberal, 1951-1965, merged with KP as LKP)

Alternative Government: People's Delegation of Finland 28 Jan 1918 Finland (name "Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic" (Suomen

sosialistinen työväentasavalta) was used as polity name only in

a treaty with Soviet Russia (but not in national legislation).

People's Delegation of Finland(Suomen kansanvaltuuskunta)

established in Helsinki in opposition to the Senate of Finland

and preventing the Dietfrom holding sessions in the south of

Finland. 14 Feb 1918 Central Workers' Council of Finland (Suomen työväen pääneuvosto)

established as a legislative and controlling body by the People's

Delegation of Finland.

4-9 Apr 1918 Forced to move from Helsinki to Viipuri (modern Vyborg). 25 Apr 1918 Government flees national territory from Viipuri to Petrograd,

Russia (holding last meeting in Russia exile on 27 Apr 1918).

Chairman of the Central Workers' Councilof Finland14 Feb 1918 - 25 Apr 1918 Matti Valfrid Perttilä (b. 1878 - d. 1953) SDPChairmen of the People's Delegationof Finland28 Jan 1918 - 12? Apr 1918 Kullervo Akilles Manner (b. 1880 - d. 1939) SDP12? Apr 1918 - 17 Apr 1918 Otto Ville Kuusinen (b. 1881 - d. 1964) SDP (= Otto Wilhelm Kuusinen)17 Apr 1918 - 25 Apr 1918 Lauri Aukusti Letonmäki (b. 1886 - d. 1935) SDPParty abbreviation: SDP = Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue (Social Democratic Party of Finland, social-democratic, radicalized 1917/18, est.1899)

Alternative Government: Finnish Democratic Republic

1 Dec 1939 Finnish Democratic Republic (Suomen kansanvaltainen tasavalta),

dissident government proclaimed at Soviet occupied town of

Terijoki (now Zelenogorsk, Russia). 12 Mar 1940 Dissolution, Vyborg area ceded to Soviet Union (ratified 21 Mar 1940) as part of Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic.

Chhairman of the People's Government of Finland 1 Dec 1939 - 12 Mar 1940 Otto Ville Kuusinen (b. 1881 - d. 1964) SKP (= Otto Wilhelm Kuusinen)

Party abbreviation: SKP = Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue (Finnish Communist Party, communist, 1923-44 suppressed, 1918-1990, merged with SKDL into VS)

Hanko and Porkkala

Map of Hanko

Headquarters: Hanko Map of Porkkala

Headquarters: Kirkkonummi Population: 23,000 military,

5,000 Soviet civilian

(Jan 1941)

Population: 22,000 military,

N/A Soviet civilian (Jun 1945)

12 Mar 1940 Finland agrees to lease 115 sq. km of Hanko (Hangö) peninsula and surrounding maritime areas and islands to Soviet Union for 30 years by the Treaty of Moscow. 22 Mar 1940 Soviets occupy Hanko (Hangö)(as Hanko Leased Territory). 2 Dec 1941 Soviet forces withdraw from Hanko. 4 Dec 1941 Hanko re-occupied by Finland, lease terminated. 19 Sep 1944 Finland agrees to lease the territory and waters of Porkkalanniemi (Porkala-Udd) to Soviet Union for 50 years and in exchange the Soviet Unionrenounces its lease over Hanko, by the Moscow Armistice(confirmed by the Treaty ofParis on 10 Feb 1947). 30 Sep 1944 Finnish population evacuated. 3 Oct 1944 Soviets occupy Porkkala (Naval Base Porkkala). 19 Sep 1955 Soviet Union agrees to restore Porkala to Finland by agreement. 26 Jan 1956 Soviet Union restores Porkkala to Finland.

Soviet Commanders of Hanko 22 Mar 1940  20 Nov 1940 Sergey Filippovich Belousov (b. 1903  d. 1984) 17 Jun 1940 - 13 May 1941 Aleksey Borisovich Yeliseyev (b. 1887 - d. 1942) (often acting for Belousov to 20 Nov 1940) 13 May 1941 - 2 Dec 1941 Sergey Ivanovich Kabanov (b. 1901 - d. 1973) Commanders of Porkkala3 Oct 1944 - Jun 1945 Neon Vasilyevich Antonov (b. 1907 - d. 1948) Jun 1945 - Apr 1950 Konstantin Davidovich (b. 1902 - d. 1955) Sukhiashvili Apr 1950  Oct 1951 Andrey Trofimovich Chabanenko (b. 1909 - d. 1986) Oct 1951 - 25 Jan 1956 Sergey Ivanovich Kabanov (s.a.)

Aland Islands

1922 - 7 Apr 1954 (unofficial)

18 Apr 1951 - 31 Dec 2009

Province Flag

Adopted 7 Apr 1954

Map of Aland Islands Hear Local Anthem

"Ålänningens sång/

Ahvenanmaalaisten Laulu"

(Song of the Alanders) Text of Local Anthem

Adopted 1922 Autonomy Act

(1 Jan 1993) Capital: Mariehamn

(Maarianhamina)

Currency: Euro (EUR);

1963-1 Jan 2002 New Markka

(FIM); 1917-1963 Marrka

(FIN); 1840-1917 Russian

Ruble (RUES)

Local Holiday: 9 Jun (1922)

Självstyrelsedagen

(Aland's Autonomy Day) Population: 29,489 (2017)

International Organizations/Treaties: NC, NIB, UNESCO (associate)

c.730 Part of Sweden. 29 Jul 1634 Administered as a district of the Finnish province of Åbo och Björneborgs län (= Turun ja Porin lääni). 8 Aug 1714 - 10 Sep 1721 Russian occupation (along with all of Finland). 1 Jun 1743 - 16 Jun 1743 Russian occupation (along with all of Finland). 22 Mar 1808 - May 1808 Russian occupation (along with all of Finland). May 1808 - 17 Mar 1809 Swedish re-occupation of the islands; attempt to separate the islands from Åbo och Björneborgs län. 17 Mar 1809 - 13 Oct 1809 Russian re-occupation of the islands. 17 Sep 1809 By the Treaty of Fredrikshamn, Finland (including Åland) ceded to Russia as part of Finland (ratified 13 Oct 1809). 16 Aug 1854 - Nov 1855 Allied (British and French) occupation of the islands during the Crimean War. 30 Mar 1856 Åland Convention, concluded between U.K, France, and Russia stipulates that the Åland Islands shall be demilitarized. 20 Aug 1917 - 1921 Popular local movement to rejoin Sweden. 6 Dec 1917 Part of independent Finland. 25-29 Dec 1917 By plebiscite the islands vote 95% for reunion with Sweden. 13 Feb 1918 - May 1918 Occupied by Sweden. 6 Mar 1918 - Oct 1918 Occupied by Germany. 7 May 1920 Autonomy Act for Åland is enacted by the Finnish parliament. 24 Jun 1921 Recognized as part of Finland by the League of Nations. 9 Jun 1922 Åland Autonomous Region 28 Dec 1951 New autonomy act (effective 1 Jan 1952). 16 Aug 1991 Revised autonomy act approved (from 1 Jan 1993).

20 Nov 1994 Åland referendum (following Finnish referendum on 16 Oct 1994)

supports European Union membership, 73.6% to 26.3%.

Crown Bailiffs (title Kronofogde) 1634 - 1650 Stephan Hansson Schoeder (d. 1655)

1650 - 1653 Johan Johansson 1653 - 1656 Albrecht Behm 1656 - 1657 Christopher Bylow 1657 - 1660 Olof Evertsson Håger 1660 - 1664 Nils Sigfridsson Wast 1665 - 1675 Erland Andersson Törn (d. 1690) 1675 - 1685 Jacob Rusk 1685 - 1694 Nicolaus Lundius 1695 - 1696 Johan Höök 1696 - 1698 Leonard Collin 1698 - 1714 Wilhelm Pihl (1st time) (b. 1660 - d. 1741) 1714? - 1722? Bengt Andorin ? (under Russian occupation) 1722 - 1729 Wilhelm Pihl (2nd time) (s.a.)

1729 - 23 Nov 1749 Sven Colléen (b. 1688 - d. 1749) Jun 1743 - 16 Jun 1743 Johan Wialenius (under Russian occupation) 1751 - 1774 Daniel Mansnerus (b. 1712 - d. 1776) 1774 - 1781 Hans Löfman 1781 - 1802 Lars Jung (b. 17.. - d. 1802) 1802 - 1811? Erik Johan Eriksson Taxell (b. 1763 - d. 1841) 1811 - 1817 Israel Wallin (b. 1777 - d. 1839) 13 May 1817 - 24 Jan 1832 Samuel Gabriel Crusell (b. 1786 - d. 1832) 1832 - 20 Jul 1853 Adolf Fredrik von Willebrand (b. 1796 - d. 1853) 1853 - 17 Dec 1880 Karl Oskar Lignell (b. 1815 - d. 1880) 1881 - 16 Jun 1890 Johan Frithiof Salvén (b. 1836 - d. 1890) 1890 - 22 Jan 1896 Alexander Stefanus Träskelin (b. 1854 - d. 1896) 1896 - 1897 Thure Severin Granberg (b. 1861 - d. 1928) 1898 - 13 Jul 1906 Reinhold Waldemar Blomqvist (b. 1845 - d. 1906) 1906 - 1913 Johan Axel Bergroth (b. 1862 - d. 1923) 1913 - 1915 Robert Optatus Silander (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1917) 1915 - 1916 Karl Fredrik Nummelin (b. 1881 - d. 1916) 1917 Aarne Nyström Inha (b. 1885 - d. 1921) 1917 - 17 Sep 1917 Robert Optatus Silander (2nd time) (s.a.) 1917 - 1918 Emil Walter Johansson (b. 1885 - d. 1960)

Governors (title Landshövding) May 1808 - 17 Mar 1809 Otto Reinhold Meurman (acting) (b. 1750 - d. 1815) Mil9 Mar 1918 - 13 Jun 1918 Hjalmar von Bonsdorff (acting) (b. 1869 - d. 1945) Mil 13 Jun 1918 - 17 Oct 1922 Karl William Isaksson (b. 1866 - d. 1924) 17 Oct 1922 - 1 Jan 1938 Lars Wilhelm Fagerlund (b. 1852 - d. 1939) 1 Jan 1938 - 3 Nov 1938 Johan Torsten Rothberg (b. 1884 - d. 1938) 3 Nov 1938 - 21 Dec 1938 Emil Walter Johansson (acting) (s.a.) 21 Nov 1938 - 1 May 1945 Ruben Fredrik Österberg (b. 1895 - d. 1959) 14 May 1945 - 31 Dec 1953 Herman Koroleff (b. 1883 - d. 1957) (= Herman Vasilyevich Korolov) 1 Jan 1954 - 1 Jul 1972 Tor Johan Brenning (b. 1903 - d. 1983) 1 Jul 1972 - 1 Oct 1982 Gunnar Martin Isaksson (b. 1921 - d. 2001) 1 Oct 1982 - 1 Apr 1999 Pehr Henrik Gustafsson (b. 1934) 1 Apr 1999 - 1 Apr 2023 Rolf Peter Lindbäck (b. 1955)

1 Apr 2023 - Marine Holm-Johansson (f) (b. 1964)

Chief ministers (title Lantråd) 10 Jul 1922 - 30 Dec 1938 Carl Björkman (b. 1873 - d. 1948) Non-party 30 Dec 1938 - 1 Jan 1955 Viktor Strandfält (b. 1887 - d. 1962) Non-party 1 Jan 1955 - 28 Mar 1967 Hugo Valdemar Johansson (b. 1900 - d. 1983) Non-party 28 Mar 1967 - 1 Jul 1972 Gunnar Martin Isaksson (s.a.) Non-party 1 Jul 1972 - 1 Jan 1979 Elmar Alarik Häggblom (b. 1914 - d. 1996) Non-party 1 Jan 1979 - 20 Apr 1988 Folke Edvin Ossian Woivalin (b. 1928) Non-party 20 Apr 1988 - 28 Nov 1991 John Sune Eriksson (b. 1939) LpA 28 Nov 1991 - 24 Nov 1995 Knut Ragnar Erlandsson (b. 1941) AC 24 Nov 1995 - 3 Dec 1999 Roger Karl Helge Jansson (b. 1943) FS 3 Dec 1999 - 26 Nov 2007 Kjell Roger Nordlund (b. 1957) AC 26 Nov 2007 - 25 Nov 2011 Viveka Emilia Eriksson (f) (b. 1956) LpA 25 Nov 2011 - 25 Nov 2015 Camilla Gunell (f) (b. 1970) AS 25 Nov 2015 - 10 Dec 2019 Katrin Sjögren (f) (1st time) (b. 1966) LpA

10 Dec 2019 - 11 Dec 2023 Veronica Thörnroos (f) (b. 1962) AC

11 Dec 2023 - Katrin Sjögren (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) LpA

Military Commanders 13 Feb 1918 - May 1918 Carl August, greve Ehrensvärd (b. 1858 - d. 1944) Mil (Sweden)(commander of the Expeditionary Corps)6 Mar 1918 - 2 May 1918 Hugo Karl August Meurer (Germany) (b. 1869 - d. 1960) Mil (chef des Sonderverbandes Ostsee)

Party abbreviations: AC = Åländsk Center/Ahvenanmaan Keskusta (Aland Centre, centrist, agrarian, est.13 Jan 1976); AS = Ålands Socialdemokrater/Ahvenanmaan Sosiaalidemokraatit (Åland Social Democrats, social-democratic, est.1971); LpA = Liberalerna på Åland/Ahvenanmaan Liberaalit (Liberals for Aland, social-liberal, est.1978);Mil = Military; - Former parties:FS = Frisinnad Samverkan/Vapaamielinen Yhteistoiminta (Progressive Cooperation, conservative, 1967-Mar 2011, renamed Moderaterna på Åland/Ahvenanmaan Maltilliset [Moderates of Åland])

© Ben Cahoon