NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK
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DIA and DOS review(s) completed. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Approved For Release 2005104122 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK GC BIF 77-001 (U) January 1977 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 The National Basic Intelligence Factbook, a compilation of basic data on political entities worldwide, is coordinated and published semiannually by the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are prepared by components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Department of State. Comments and suggestions regarding the contents should be addressed to the Office of Geographic and Carto- graphic Research (Att: Factbook) Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C. 20505. The publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government officials. The format, coverage and contents of the publication are designed to meet the specific requirements of those users. U.S. Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Non-U.S. Government users may obtain this along with similar CIA publications on a subscription basis by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gifts Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users not interested in the DOCEX Project subscription service may purchase reproductions of spe- cific publications on an individual basis from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 National Basic Intelligence FACT OOK January 1977 Supersedes the July 1976 issuance of this Factbook, copies of which should be destroyed. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Entries In all capital letters refer to basic data sheets included in this Factbook Page Abbreviations for International Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ix United Nations (U.N.): Structure and Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . xi -A- Abu Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 'Ajman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ALGERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ANDORRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ANGOLA .............................. 5 Anguilla (see ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS) ANTIGUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ARGENTINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 AUSTRALIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 AUSTRIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Azores (see PORTUGAL) -B- BAHAMAS, THE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 BAHRAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Balearic Islands (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 BARBADOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 BELGIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 BELIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 BENIN ............................... 19 BERMUDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 BHUTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 BOLIVIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 BOTSWANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 British Honduras (see BELIZE) BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 BRUNEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 BULGARIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 BURMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 BURUNDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Cabinda (see ANGOLA) CAMBODIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 CAMEROON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 CANADA .............................. 33 Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD ................................ 37 CHILE ................................ 38 CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 iii Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 -C- Page CHINA, REPUBLIC OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 COLOMBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 COMOROS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 CONGO (Brazzaville) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 COSTA RICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 CUBA ................................ 48 CYPRUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 CZECHOSLOVAKIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Dahomey (see BENIN) DENMARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 DOMINICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ECUADOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 EGYPT ............................... 57 Ellice Islands (see TUVALU) EL SALVADOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 EQUATORIAL GUINEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 ETHIOPIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 FAROE ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Fernando Po (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) FIJI ................................. 64 FINLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 FRANCE .............................. 66 FRENCH GUIANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 FRENCH POLYNESIA . . . . . . . . 69 FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) -G- GABON . 71 GAMBIA, THE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 GHANA ............................... 76 GIBRALTAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 GILBERT ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 GREECE .............................. 79 GREENLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 GRENADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 GUADELOUPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 GUATEMALA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 GUINEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 GUINEA-BISSAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU) GUYANA .............................. 87 IV Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 -H- Page HAITI ................................ 88 HONDURAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 HONG KONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 HUNGARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 -I- ICELAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 INDIA ................................ 94 INDONESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 IRAN ................................ 97 IRAQ ................................ 99 IRELAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 ISRAEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 ITALY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 IVORY COAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 -J- JAMAICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 JAPAN ............................... 107 JORDAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 -K- KENYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 KOREA, NORTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 KOREA, SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 KUWAIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 -L- LAOS . 115 LEBANON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 LESOTHO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 LIBERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 LIBYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 LIECHTENSTEIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 LUXEMBOURG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 -m- MACAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 MADAGASCAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Madeira Islands (see PORTUGAL) Malagasy Republic (see MADAGASCAR) MALAWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 MALAYSIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 MALDIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 MALI ................................ 131 MALTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 MARTINIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 MAURITANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 MAURITIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 MEXICO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 MONACO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 MONGOLIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 MOROCCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 MOZAMBIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 V Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 -N- Page Namibia (see SOUTH WEST AFRICA) NAURU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 NEPAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 NETHERLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 NEW CALEDONIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 NEW HEBRIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 NEW ZEALAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 NICARAGUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 NIGER ............................... 152 NIGERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Northern Rhodesia (see ZAMBIA) NORWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 -0- OMAN 156 -P- PAKISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 PANAMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 PAPUA NEW GUINEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 PARAGUAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Pemba (see TANZANIA) PERU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 PHILIPPINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 POLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 PORTUGAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Portuguese Guinea (see GUINEA-BISSAU) Portuguese Timor (see INDONESIA) _Q_ QATAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 -R- Ras al Khaimah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) REUNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 RHODESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) ROMANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 RWANDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 ST. LUCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 ST. VINCENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 SAN MARINO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 SAO TOME and PRINCIPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 SAUDI ARABIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 SENEGAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 SEYCHELLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Sharjah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) SIERRA LEONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 SINGAPORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 SOMALIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 vA Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 -8- SOUTH AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Rhodesia (see RHODESIA) SOUTH-WEST AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spanish Sahara (see WESTERN SAHARA) SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUDAN ............................... SURINAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWAZILAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWEDEN .............................. SWITZERLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYRIA ................................ 185 187 189 191 192 194 195 196 197 199 Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) TANZANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) THAILAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 TOGO ................................ 203 TONGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 TUNISIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 TURKEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 -U- UGANDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Umm al Qalwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) U.S.S.R................................ 210 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qalwain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 United Arab Republic (see EGYPT) UNITED KINGDOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 UNITED STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 UPPER VOLTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 URUGUAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 -V- VATICAN CITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 VENEZUELA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 VIETNAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 WALLIS and FUTUNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA) WESTERN SAHARA (formerly SPANISH SAHARA) . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 WESTERN SAMOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 YEMEN (Aden) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 YEMEN (Sana) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 YUGOSLAVIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 vii Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 ZAIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 ZAMBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Zanzibar (see TANZANIA) Additional copies may be obtained from CIA Map Library I CANADA II MIDDLE AMERICA III SOUTH AMERICA IV EUROPE V THE MIDDLE EAST VI AFRICA VII U.S.S.R. and ASIA VIII OCEANIA viii Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Development Bank ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Economic Mutual Assistance CENTO Central Treaty Organization . Colombo Plan . Council of Europe DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) EAMA African States associated with the EEC EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community IADB Inter-American Defense Board IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (Associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development SELA Latin American Economic System UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union of Central African States WEU Western European Union WCL World Confederation of Labor WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WPC World Peace Council COMMODITY ORGANIZATIONS AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producting Countries APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council ASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCO International Cocoa Council ICO International Coffee Organization ? ? ? ? International Lead and Zinc Study Group IOOC International Olive Oil Council ISO International Sugar Organization ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC International Wheat Council OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries WSG International Wool Study Group X Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND RELATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: SC GA ECOSOC TC ICJ Operating Bodies: UNCTAD TDB UNDP UNICEF UNIDO Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat U.N. Conference on Trade and Development Trade and Development Board U.N. Development Program U.N. Children's Fund U.N. Industrial Development Organization Regional Economic Commissions: ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Intergovernmental Agencies Related to the U.N.: FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDA International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) ILO International Labor Organization IMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization IMF (FUND) International Monetary Fund ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WFC World Food Council WHO World Health Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization Autonomous Organization Under the U.N.: IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency xi Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Political, sociological, and economic data, including monetary conversion rates, generally reflect information through mid-October 1976, except for population estimates, which have been projected to 1 January 1977. Military manpower estimates are as of 1 July 1976 except for average number of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the 5-year period 1976-80. Military and communications data are as of 31 October 1976 unless otherwise indicated. Most of the land utilization estimates are rough approximations, and most of the statistical data are rounded (thousands and millions). Figures for "arable" may reflect only the area actually under crops rather than the potential cultivable. Fishing limits are Included only when they differ from the territorial limits. For some countries GDP, rather than GNP, is shown. The difference between the two is In the addition or subtraction of the value of return on foreign investment. GDP equals GNP plus income earned in the country but sent abroad, minus Income earned abroad but sent into the country. GDP thus tends to exceed GNP in debtor countries, and the reverse is true in creditor countries. Major ports are the largest maritime ports of the country, relative to other ports of the same country, on the basis of estimated port capacity, alongside berthing accommodations, and commercial or naval Importance. Minor ports are the remaining ports of a country which have, relative to the major ports, significantly lower estimated port capacity, fewer alongside berthing accommodations, are of less commercial or naval importance. Major transport aircraft are those weighing over 20,000 pounds. Military budgets are in U.S. dollar equivalents. The dollar sign refers to U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The abbreviation FY stands for U.S. fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol LENGTH LENGTH mm millimeters 0.04 inches in inches 2.5 centimeters cm cm centimeters 0.4 inches in ft feet 30 centimeters cm meters 3.3 feet ft yd yards 0.9 meters m m meters 1.1 yards yd mi miles 1.6 kilometers km km kilometers 0.6 miles mi cm' ' square centimeters 0.16 square inches i d fH square feet 0.09 square meters m' m ' square meters 1.2 square yards yd' yd' square yards 0.8 square meters m' km square kilometers ' 0.4 square miles mi' mi' square miles 2.6 square kilometers km' ha hectares (10,000 m ) 2.5 acres acres 0.4 hectares ha grams 0.035 ounces at oz ounces 28 grams kilograms 2.2 pounds lb lb pounds 0.45 kilograms tonnes (1000 kg) 1.1 short tons short tons 0.9 tonnes (2000lb) ml milliliters 0.03 fluid ounces fl oz VOLUME I liters 2.1 pints pt tsp teaspoons 5 milliliters ml I liters 1.06 quarts qt Tbsp tablespoons 15 milliliters ml I liters 0.26 gallons gal fl oz fluid ounces 30 milliliters ml cubic meters 35 cubic feet ft' c cups 0.24 liters m cubic meters 1.3 cubic yards yd' pt pints 0.47 liters qt quarts 0.95 liters gal gallons 3.8 liters ft' cubic feet 0.03 cubic meters yd' cubic yards 0.76 cubic meters m "" Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 AFGHANISTAN LAND 647,500 km2; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 75% desert, waste or urban, 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,510 km PEOPLE Population: 19,811,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (7-72 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective-Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pushtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Kizelbashes, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1 % other Language: 50% Pushtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% 30 minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: under 10% Labor force: about 4.3 million (1966 official est.); 75%-80% agriculture and animal husbandry, 20%- 25% commerce, small industry, services; massive shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Afghanistan Type: republic Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 26 provinces with centrally appointed governors Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution nullified July 1973; independent judiciary also abolished and powers transferred to the Council of Justice, chaired by Minister of justice; legal education at University of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Parliament abolished July 1973; all powers of the parliament and the monarchy transferred to the President Government leaders: President Mohammad Daoud who also serves as Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, and Defense Minister; Mohammad Naim, Daoud's brother and personal adviser Suffrage: universal from age 20 Elections: promised but no date set Political parties and leaders: no political parties permitted Communists: there are two pro-Moscow Com- munist groups, Parcham and Khalq, believed to have several hundred active members, and a smaller pro- Peking group, Sholaye-Jaweid Other political or pressure groups: most military officers support the government; no known organized opposition Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion (FY75, at 1972 prices), $60 per capita; real growth rate about 2.4% (1973-75) Agriculture: agriculture and animal husbandry account for over 50% of GNP and occupy nearly 85% of the labor force; main crops-wheat and other grains, cotton, fruits, nuts; largely self-sufficient; food shortages-wheat, sugar, tea Major industries: cottage industries, food processing, textiles, cement, coal mining Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1975); 560 million kWh produced (1975), 29 kWh per capita Exports: $229 million (f.o.b., FY76); fresh and dried fruits, natural gas, karakul skins, carpets, hides, and wool Imports: $260 million (c.i.f., FY76); non-metallic minerals, sugar, tires and tubes, textiles, tea, used clothing, tobacco, transportation Major trade partners: export-U.S.S.R., India, U.K., Pakistan, West Germany, Switzerland, U.S.; imports-Japan, U.S.S.R., India, West Germany, U. K., U.S. Aid: economic-U.S.S.R (1954-75), $1,275 million extended, $638 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1954- 75), $39 million extended, $11 million drawn; China (1965-75), $74 million extended, $28 million drawn; U.S. (FY49-75), $514 million committed; interna- tional organizations (1946-75), $152 million; military-U.S.S.R. (1956-75), $617 million extended, $449 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1955-75), $31 million extended, $23 million drawn; U.S. (FY53-75), $5 million committed Budget: current expenditures $158 million, capital expenditures $163 million for FY76 1 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Monetary conversion rate: 45 Afghanis=US$1 (official); 55 Afghanis=US$1 (March 1976) Fiscal year. 21 March - 20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 0.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line Highways: 20,885 km (1975); 2,460 km paved, 3,910 km gravel, 8,735 km improved earth, and 5,780 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; steamers use Amu Darya Ports: only minor river ports Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 38 total, 36 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, tele- graph, and radiobroadcast services; television to be introduced by 1978; 26,000 telephones; 112,000 radio receivers; no TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 4.9 million; 2.6 million fit for military service; about 177,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the U.S.S.R. ALBANIA LAND 28,749 km2; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 716 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,499,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Albanian(s); adjective- Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic (observances prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state) Language: Albanian, Greek Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics available, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisons: 27 rethet (districts), including capital, 200 localities, 2,600 villages Legal system: based on Soviet law; constitution adopted 1950; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Chairman of Council of Ministers, Mehmet Shehu; President, Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi Lleshi Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections 6 October 1974; 99.9% of electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha Communists: 87,000 party members (1971) Member of: CEMA, IAEA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion in 1972 (at 1972 prices), $520 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton; food shortages- wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per capita (1961/62) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat 2 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1975), 740 kWh per capita Exports: $91 million (1970 est.); 1964 trade-55% minerals, metals, fuels; 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 5% consumer goods Imports: $159 million (1970 est.); 1964 trade- 50% machinery, equipment, and spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods; 7% fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs) Monetary conversion rate: 5 leks = US$1 (commer- cial); 12.5 leks = U S$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, government-owned (1975) Highways: 4,989 km; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1976) Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways-39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 2 major (Durres, Vlore), 2 minor (1976) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; natural gas, 64 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 783 million leks; about 9% of total budget ALGERIA LAND 2,460,500 km2; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 6,260 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km PEOPLE Population: 17,558,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.1% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective- Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 2.8 million; 47% agriculture, 8% industry, 24% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); 40% of urban labor unem- ployed Organized labor: 17% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4 chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran and Constantine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislature will be reconvened in February 1976; judiciary Government leader: Houari Boumediene, Presi- dent of State and President of Council of the Revolution, overthrew elected President Ahmed Ben Bella 19 June 1965 Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential December 10, 1976; departmental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative elections scheduled for February 4, 1977 3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN) Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $12.5 billion (1975 provisional), $730 per capita, average annual increase since 1971 (current prices), 26%; in real terms, 8% growth in 1974 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,300,000 kW capacity (1975); 3.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 205 kWh per capita Exports: $4,440 million (f.o.b., 1975); crude petroleum 87%, other items-natural gas, wine, citrus fruit, iron ore, vegetables; to France 24%, West Germany 24%, Benelux 9%, Italy 8%, U.S.S.R. 7% (1973) Imports: $5,860 million (c.i.f., 1975); major items-capital goods 35%, semi-finished goods 28%, foodstuffs 23%; from France 38%, West Germany 9%, Italy 9%, U.S. 8% (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 3.95 dinars-US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,130 km; 3,951 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,033 km 1.055-meter gage, 146 km meter gage (1.00 m); 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,367 km; 45,043 km concrete or bituminous, 33,324 km gravel, crushed stone or improved earth Ports: 9 major, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 3,983 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,969 km Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields: 186 total, 184 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 22 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 103 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international facilities in the north, primarily radio communications in the desert; satellite ground stations; 229,700 telephones; 1,150,000 radio receivers; 500,000 TV receivers; 15 AM and 39 TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,111,000; 2,427,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 163,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $309,392,000; 5.5% of national budget LAND 466 km2 Land boundaries: 105 km PEOPLE Population: 27,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1975) Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjective- Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 30% Andorrans, 61% Spanish, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan, many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Valleys of Andorra Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers Capital: Andorra Political subdivisions: 6 districts-Andorra la Vella, Sant Julia de Loria, Encamp, Canillo, La Massana, and Ordino Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as 4 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) of 24 members with one-half elected every 2 years for 4-year term; executive-syndic and a deputy sub-syndic chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Batles (court prosecutors) Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, last election December 1975 Political parties and leaders: no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972 Communists: negligible ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism ($1 million annually), one cigarette factory (annual output $1 million), handicrafts, smuggling (tobacco to France; manufac- tured items, including automobiles and cameras, to Spain) Shortages: food Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1975); 100 million kWh produced (1975), 308 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; about 3,700 telephones; 8,000 radio receivers, 3,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed ANGOLA LAND 1,245,790 km2; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: Angola, 6,148,000, does not take into account recent emigration from Angola (January 1977); average annual growth rate 1.6% (12-60 to 12-70); Cabinda, 98,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (12-60 to 12-70) Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective- Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% Europeans, 1% mestizos Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects Literacy: 10%-15% Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Angola Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promul- gated 1975; government formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 16 administrative districts including the coastal enclave of Cabinda Legal system: to be determined Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Agostinho Neto, president Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date 5 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Political partiesand leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho Neto, only legal party; National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) defeated in civil war carrying out limited insurgencies Member of: UN ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1974 est. ), $500 per capita, 6.1 % real growth (1970-72); growth probably negative in 1975-76 because of civil war Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 469,700 metric tons (1974); exports $52.9 million; imports $5.5 million (1973) Major industries: mining (oil, iron, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 510,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.0 billion kWh produced (1975), 165 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1974); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton (exports down sharply in 1975 and 1976) Imports: $614 million (c.i.f., 1974); capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975 Major trade partners: main partner Portugal, followed by West Germany, U.S., U.K., Japan; trade with U.S.S.R. and Cuba increasing since independ- ence Aid: military aid from U.S.S.R. and Cuba in 1975 Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government Monetary conversion rate: (still using Portuguese currency) 31.39 escudos= US$1 as of July 1976 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,069 km; 2,758 km 1.067-meter gage, 310 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: 73,828 km; 8,577 km bituminous- surface treatment, 28,723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,220 km navigable Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Mocamedes), 15 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 575 total, 498 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 78 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: network of open-wire and radio-relay facilities; satellite ground station; 37,500 telephones; 116,000 radio receivers; 24 AM, 11 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: data not available ANTIGUA DOMINICAN Atlantic PUBLIC Ocean PUERTO RICO ANTIGUA Caribbeax Sea LAND 280 km2; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 153 km PEOPLE Population: 71,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.2% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adjective- Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protestant sects and some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% Organized labor: 18,000, 20% unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Antigua Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" 6 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Capital: St. John's Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Barbuda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief justice and 5 justices Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Premier Vere C. Bird, Sr.; Deputy Premier Lester Bird; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February 1976 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: 1976 election-House of Representative seats-ALP 10, PLM 5, independent 1, tie 1 Communists: negligible Other political' or pressure groups: Afro- Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF), a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $51 million (1974 est. ), $650 per capita; 2.7% real growth Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: oil refining, tourism Shortages: electric power Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1975); 36 million kWh produced (1975), 450 kWh per capita Exports: $29 million (f.o.b., 1973); petroleum products, cotton Imports: $47 million (c.i,f., 1973); crude oil, food, clothing Major trade partners: 30% U.K., 25% U.S., 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $1.5 million in loans Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 78 km narrow gage (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 380 km; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. John's), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 2,745 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: automatic telephone sys- tem; 3,350 telephones; tropospheric scatter. links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 22,000 radio receivers, 12,300 TV sets; 2 AM stations, 1 FM and 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable ARGENTINA LAND 2,771,300 km2; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km PEOPLE Population: 25,887,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective- Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires) 7 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Labor force: 10 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Argentine Republic Type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Presidency; legislature; national judiciary Government leader: President, Lt. General Jorge Rafael Videla, Commander in Chief of the Army, chosen by the three-man junta that took power on March 24, 1976 Government structure: the junta, composed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retains supreme authority; active duty or retired officers fill all'but two cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the military now oversee the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; a nine-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the junta on lawmaking Political parties: a number of civilian political groupings remain potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party providing the chief civilian opposition to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist- dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufac- turer's association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowner's association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, Non- Aligned Nations Group ECONOMY GNP: $37.8 billion (at average theoretical parity exchange rate, 1974), $1,510 per capita; 18% government consumption, 62% private consumption, 22% investment, -2% net foreign demand (1975); real GDP growth rate 1975, -1.4% Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 301,300 metric tons (1974), $44.6 million (1972); exports $25 million (1973), imports $1.8 million (1973) Major industries: food processing (especially meatpacking), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 2.2 million metric tons produced (1975), 90 kg per capita Electric power: 9 million kW capacity (1975); 25 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,100 kWh per capita Exports: $2.96 billion (f.o.b., 1975); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds Imports: $3.95 billion (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate Industrial products Major trade partners (1975): exports-10% Italy, 10% U.S.S.R., 8% Netherlands, 7% Brazil, 6% U.S.; imports-16% U.S., 13% Japan, 11% FRG, 9% Brazil Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $990 million in loans, $17.9 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $1.4 billion; from other Western countries (1960-66), $315.5 million; from Communist countries (1954-75), $513 million ($56 million drawn); military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $230 million Monetary conversion rate: official, 140 pesos= US$1; free market 245 pesos=US$1, effective rate approximately 159 pesos=US$1 for imports, 215 pesos= US$1 for exports (September 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 38,971 km; 3,200 km standard gage (1.435 m), 22,000 km broad gage (1.676 m), 13,443 km meter gage (1.00 m), 120 km 0.75-meter gage, 208 km 0.600-meter gage; about 1,656 km double and multiple track; 122 km electrified Highways: 290,200 km, of which 39,500 km paved, 74,900 km gravel, 175,800 km improved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable 8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 8,120 km natural gas Civil air: 46 major transport aircraft, includes 1 leased from a foreign country Airfields: 2,345 total, 2,146 usable; 89 with permanent-surface runways; 20 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 304 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive modern system; telephone network has 2,647,000 sets, radio relay widely used, 2 (COMSAT) ground stations; estimated 12 million radio receivers and 4 million TV sets; 145 AM, 12 FM, and 64 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,464,000; 5,210,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 217,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $822.7 million; about 9.5% of total central government budget AUSTRALIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA LAND 7,692,300 km2; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 34% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km PEOPLE Population: 13,808,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.7% (1-66 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Australian(s); adjective- Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine Religion: 98% Christian Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 4.76 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories (Australian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Governor General Sir John Kerr; Prime Minister John Malcolm Fraser Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election December 1975 Political parties and leaders: Government- Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labour Party (Gough Whitlam) Voting strength (1975 Parliamentary election): lower house: Liberal-Country Coalition, 92 seats; Labour Party, 35 seats; Senate: Liberal Country Coalition, 35 seats; Labour, 27 seats; Independents, 2 seats Communists: 3,900 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-Inter- national Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $83.0 billion (1975), $6,050 per capita; 60% private consumption, 16% government current 9 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 expenditure, 24% investment (1975); real average annual growth (1970-75),3% Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products-wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 123,500 metric tons (1974); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75) Major industries: mining, bauxite, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 7.9 million metric tons produced (1975), 580 kg per capita Electric power: 20,600,000 kW capacity (1975); 74.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 5,410 kWh per capita Exports: $11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1975); principal products (1975)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous ores, 8% wool, 8% coal Imports: $11.1 billion (f.o.b., 1975) Major trade partners: (1975) exports-29% Japan, 10% U.S., 5% New Zealand, 5% U.K.; imports-20% U.S., 15% U.K., 18% Japan Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad $2.3 billion (FY65-75); $430 million (FY75), 55% for Papua New Guinea Budget: expenditures, A$21.9 billion; receipts A$19.1 billion (FY76) Monetary conversion rate: 0.81 Australian dollar=US$1 (A$1=US$1,24), July 1976 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 40,636 km; 9,197 km 1.60-meter gage, 13,394 km standard gage (1.435 m), 18,045 km 1.067- meter gage; 800 km electrified (June 1962); government-owned (except for few hundred kilo- meters of privately owned track) Highways: 863,767 km (1974); 208,227 km paved, 209,885 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 445,655 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft Freight carried: rail-154.4 million metric tons Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Pipelines: crude oil, 740 km; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km Civil air: 122 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,735 total, 1,644 usable; 195 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 649 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: very good international and domestic service; 5 million telephones; 14 million radio receivers; 3.7 million TV receivers; 96 AM stations, no FM station, 120 TV stations and 66 repeaters; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,281,000; 2,895,000 fit for military service; 124,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $2.7 billion; about 9% of total central government budget LAND 83,916 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km PEOPLE Population: 7,524,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (1-73 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective- Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,656,922 (1974); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 2.4% registered unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number more than 200,000 (1972); unemployment 2.0% (August 1975) Organized labor: about two-thirds of wage and salary workers (1971) 10 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected President whose functions are largely representational, independent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf Kirch- schlaeger, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky leads a one-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presidential elections Elections: presidential, every 6 years (next 1980); parliamentary, every 4 years (next 1979) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Josef Taus, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Friedrich Peter, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1975 election): 50.6% SPOe, 42.7% OeVP, 5.3% FPOe, 1.2% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 est. ; activists 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian Peoples Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $37.7 billion (1975), $5,000 per capita; 53.5% consumption, 27.8% investment, 15.2% government, 3.5% net errors and omissions (1974); 1975 growth rate -2.5%, constant prices Agriculture: livestock, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Crude steel: 4,7 million metric tons produced (1974), 630 kg per capita (1974) Electric power: 9,840,000 kW capacity (1975); 35.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 4,600 kWh per capita Exports: $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 1975); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles and clothing, paper products, chemicals Imports: $9.4 billion (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles, coal, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1975) 40% West Germany, 8.1% Italy, 6.7% Switzerland, 4.1% France, 2.9% U.S., 54% EC; 14% EFTA; 13% Communist countries Aid: economic-authorized-U.S. $1,218 million through FY73; IBRD $105 million through FY73, none since FY62; military-U.S., $116 million (FY52- 73); net official economic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies-$205 million (FY62-72), $40.2 million (1973) and $59.3 million (1974) Budget: expenditures, $11,292 million; receipts, $9,158 million; deficit $2,133 million (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 17.42 shillings=US$I, average 1975 (floating rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,517 km; 5,877 km government- owned; 5,397 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 2,384 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gage (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.00- meter gage) Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft, including 1 registered but leased from a foreign country Airfields: 54 total, 50 usable; 13 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 88 AM, 94 FM, and 289 TV stations; 2.21 million telephones; 2.69 million radio receivers; 2.05 million television receivers; COMSAT station is planned Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,717,000; 1,380,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 57,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $447 million; about 3.8% of the federal budget THE BAHAMAS LAND 11,396 km2; I% cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Is. 76 km) PEOPLE Population: 213,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-73 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bahamian (sing., pl. ); ad- jective-Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English Labor force: 84,228 (1976); 25% organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elected House); executive (Prime Minister and cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling Suffrage: universal over age 18; registered voters (April 1976) 55,452 Elections: House of Assembly (9 September 1972); next election due constitutionally by late 1977, but may be called in 1976 Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Free National Movement (FNM) formed by a merger of United Bahamian Party (UBP), predominantly white, and Free Progressive Liberal Party (Free PLP), Cecil Wallace-Whitfield Voting strength (1972 election): PLP 29 seats, FNM 6 seats, Independents 3 seats; in early 1976 one PLP member switched to independent, and one Independent switched to FNM Communists: none known Member of: ILO, IMCO, IMF, U.N., WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $496 million (at market prices, 1973), $2,490 per capita Agriculture: food importer, main crops-fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production Electric power: 250,000 kW capacity (1975); 680 million kWh produced (1975), 3,600 kWh per capita Exports: $2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); fuel oil, pharmaceuticals, cement, rum Imports: $2.6 billion (c.i.f., 1975 est.); crude oil, foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 86%, U.K. 2%, Canada 2%; imports-U.S. 24%, Libya 20%, Nigeria 16% (1973) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY56- 75), $51.2 million in loans, $0.3 million in grants; from international organizations (FY71-75), $2.0 million, $24.8 million in loans, $0.3 million in grants Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar (B$1)-US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,100 km total; 850 km paved, 1,250 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 50 usable; 8 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations 12 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 59,300 telephones in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 85,000 radio receivers and 30,000 TV sets, 3 AM and 2 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables BAHRAIN LAND 596 km2 plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 269,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (2-65 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective- Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 7% Iranian, Pakistani, and Indian, 3% other; native Bahrainis are a minority Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% (1970) Labor force: 78,507 (1976) GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Al Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 Branches: Emir rules with help of a cabinet led by Prime Minister; a National Assembly, made up of cabinet and 30 directly elected members, was formed in early 1974; Emir dissolved assembly in August 1975 and suspended the constitutional provision for election of the assembly Government leader: Emir ' Isa ibn Salman Al- Khalifah Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; no significant pressure groups although numerous small clandestine groups are active Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IMF, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $400 million (1974), $1,690 per capita, dominated by oil industry; 1975 average daily crude oil production, 60,000 bbls (oil expected to last 15 years if no new discoveries are made); 1975 non associated natural gas production, 102 billion ft'; government oil revenues for 1976 are estimated at $383.6 million Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; fishing; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum refining, aluminum smelting, boatbuilding, shrimp fishing, pearls and sailmakirig on a small scale; major development projects include flourmill, and ISA town; OAPEC dry dock to be built by 1977 Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1975); 900 million kWh produced (1975), 3,700 kWh per capita Exports: exports and reexports, $164 million (1975); non-oil exports (Including reexports), $497.7 million (1976 projected); oil exports, $457.9 million (1976 est.) Imports: $1,337.7 million (1976 est.) Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Japan, EC Aid: received $110 million in bilateral commit- ments and committed itself $8.5 million to multilateral agencies in CY74 Budget: (1976) $483 million, 72% of revenues from oil Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar= US$2.52 (since January 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 193 km bituminous surfaced; un- determined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km; refined products, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft (all registered in Oman) Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 1 seaplane station Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Telecommunications: excellent international telecommunications; limited domestic services; 22,000 telephones; 85,000 radio receivers; 30,000 TV sets; 1 AM radiobroadcast station; satellite earth station; tropospheric scatter Bahrain to Qatar and United Arab Emirates DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 63,000; fit for military service 36,000 Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976; $20.22 million, 4.2% of total budget BANGLADESH LAND 142,500 km2; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 2,535 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; fishing, 200 nm Coastline: 580 km PEOPLE Population: 76,565,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); adjective- Bangladesh Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than 1 million "Biharis" and fewer than 1 million tribals Religion: about 83% Muslim, 16% Hindu; less than 1% Buddhist and other Language: Bengali Literacy: about 25% Labor force: over 26 million; extensive un- deremployment; over 80% of labor force is in agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Bangladesh Type: independent republic since December 1971; Government of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; country currently governed by military-backed martial law administration with civilian figurehead president and three military service chiefs as deputy martial law administrators Capital: Dacca Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,053 unions (village groupings) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritarian presidential system Branches: constitution provides for unicameral legislature, strong president; controlled judiciary; parliament dissolved by current regime Government leader: President A, M. Sayem; real power exercised by Deputy Martial Law Administra- tor General Zia ur-Rahman Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: First Parliament (House of the Nation) elected in March 1973; elections every 5 years; Government has lifted previous ban on political activity and announced its intention to hold elections in 1977 Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: 15 political parties legalized by government as of October 1976, student groups, bands of former guerrillas Member of: ADB, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ILO, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $6.05 billion est. (FY76 current prices), $75 per capita; real annual per capita growth (FY76), 8.7% Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages-grain, cotton, and oilseeds Fishing: catch 247,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric power: 810,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 18 kWh per capita Exports: $356 million (FY76); raw and manu- factured jute, leather, tea Imports: $1,290 million (FY76); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manufactured products Major trade partners: exports-U. S. 15%, U.S.S.R. 7.4%, U.K. 7.3%; imports-U. S. 25.4%, Canada 7.3% (FY75) Aid: economic-FY75 disbursements, $1,015 million of which U.S. provided 25% 14 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Budget: (FY75) revenue, $855 million; expendi- tures, $1,061 million Monetary conversion rate: 14.9 taka=US$1 (July 1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,470 km; 2,483 km meter gage (1.00 m), 953 km broad gage (1.676 m), 35 km narrow gage (0.762 m), 290 km double track; government-owned Highways: 44,930 km; 4,044 km paved, 2,022 km gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major; 5 minor Pipelines: 150 km natural gas Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 24 total, 17 usable; 18 with permanent surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: inadequate international radiocommunications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 70,000 (est.) telephones; 500,000 radio sets; 20,000 (est.) TV sets; 10 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 18,138,000; 8,565,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $103.4 million; about 3.5% of the central government budget BARBADOS LAND 430 km2; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% built on, waste, other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 97 km PEOPLE Population: 239,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1973) Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s); adjective- Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor force: 97,000 (1973 est.) wage and salary earners; unemployment 20-25% (1976) Organized labor: 32% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member appointed Senate and a 24-member elected House of Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leader: Prime Minister J. M. G. "Tom" Adams Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than 5 years; last general election held 2 September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow; Barbados Labor Party (BLP), J. M. G. "Tom" Adams Voting strength (1976 election): Barbados Labor Party (BLP), 53% Democratic Labor Party, 46%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats- BLP 17, DLP 7 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a small black- nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IADB, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $264 million (1974), $1,100 per capita; real growth rate 1974, -11% Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Agriculture: main products-sugar, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, manufac- turing Electric power: 86,000 kW capacity (1975); 204 million kWh produced (1975), 950 kWh per capita Exports: $107 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar and sugarcane byproducts, clothing Imports: $217 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, machinery, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-28% U.K., 14% U.S., 28% CARIFTA, 30% other; imports-25% U.K., 21% U.S., 11% Canada, 13% CARIFTA, 30% other (1973) Aid: economic-authorization from U.S. (FY67- 75), $3.6 million; from international organizations (FY63-75), $15.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Barbados dol- lars=US$1 (June 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,370 km; 1,290 km paved, and 80 km gravel, and earth Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440- 3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 43,000 telephones; tropo- spheric scatter link to Trinidad; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 130,000 radio and 40,000 TV sets, 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; 2 telegraph submarine cables; COMSAT ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 51,000; 37,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age, (18) annually, 3,000; no conscription BELGIUM LAND 30,562 km2; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow and pasture, 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Land boundaries: 1,377 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 64 km PEOPLE Population: 9,826,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective-Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic lines Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.0 million; approximately 95% is found in the following sectors: 32% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, banking, and insurance, 8% construction, 7.5% transportation and communi- cation, 4% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 1.2% mining, 0.8% public utilities and sanitary services (1972); 7.0% unemployed, September 1975 Organized labor: 48% of labor force (1969) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive branch consists of King and cabinet; cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leader: Head of State, King Baudouin; Prime Minister Leo Tindemans Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: held 10 March 1974 (held at least once every 4 years) Political parties and leaders: Social Christian, Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb and Wilfred Martens, co-presidents; Socialist, Andre Cools and Willy Claes, co-presidents; Liberty and Progress, Senator P. Deschamps, national president; Liberal Democratic 16 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 and Pluralist Party, Rolland Gillet, party president; Francophone Democratic Front-Walloon Rally (Walloon nationalist), Leo Defosset, national president; Volksunie (Flemish Nationalist), Hugo Schlitz, party president; Communist, Louis Van Gent, president of political bureau Voting strength (1974 election): 72 seats Social Christian, 59 seats Socialist, 30 seats Liberty and Progress, 22 seats _ Volksunie, 22 seats Francophone Democratic Front-Walloon Rally, 4 seats Communist, 3 seats Democratic and Pluralist Communists: 10,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; the Federation of Belgium Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; two major organiza- tions represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $591 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $6,040 per capita; 1974-58% consumption, 25% invest- ment, 15% government, 2% net foreign balance; 1975 real GNP growth rate-1.4% Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops-grains, beets, potatoes; 80% self- sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: exports $34 million (1975), imports $157 million (1975) Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Shortages: iron ore, nonferrous minerals, petroleum Crude steel: capacity 14.8 million metric tons; 11.58 million metric tons produced; 1,180 kg per capita (1975) Electric power: 10,826,000 kW capacity (1975); 41.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 3,700 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $29.02 billion (f.o.b., 1975); ferrous metals, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $30.5 billion (c.i.f., 1975); nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1975) EC-nine 70.5% (West Germany 22%, France 19%, Netherlands 17%, U.K. 6.5%, Italy 4%); U.S. 4%; Communist countries (U.S.S.R., East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) 4% Aid: economic-received, U.S., $829 million authorized (FY46-75), $36.3 million in FY74; IBRD, $57.8 million (1949-75); military-received, $1,275 million authorized (FY46-75); net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $1,365 million (FY60-70), $263.4 million in 1974 Ordinary budget, 1976 (projected): revenue, $27.4 million, expenditures, $29.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: (1975 average) 1 franc- US$0.0272 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,394 km; 4,117 km standard gage (1.435 m) and government-owned, 2,536 km double track, 1,224 km electrified; 277 km privately owned, electrified meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: approximately 104,000 km, including 1,040 km limited access divided "Autoroute" Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 965 km; crude, 161 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft Airfields: 44 total, 43 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities; 2.92 million telephones; 3.86 million radio receivers; 2.55 million TV receivers; 7 AM, 12 FM, and 20 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 communica- tions satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,239,000; 1,796,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 75,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $2,033 million; about 9.6% of proposed central government budget BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) LAND 22,973 km2; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other 17 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 145,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective- Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerindian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mennonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% Labor force: 34,500; 39% agriculture, 14% manufacturing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Belize Type: internal self-governing British colony Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law; constitution came into force in 1964, although country remains a British colony Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected membership); cabinet; judiciary Government leader: Premier George Price Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: must be held within 5 years of last elections held in October 1974 Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), a coalition comprised of the National Independence Party (NIP) led by Philip Goldson, the People's Democratic Union (PDM) led by Dean Lindo, and the Liberal Party (LP) led by Harry Lawrence; Corozal United Front (CUF), Santiago Ricalde; United Black Association for Development (UBAD), Evan X. Hyde Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 12 seats, UDP 6 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Christian Workers' Union (CWU) which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, ISO, WCL ECONOMY GDP: $87 million (1974), $680 per capita; 78% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 36% domestic investment, -31% net foreign balance (1968); 3.5% real growth rate 1971 Agriculture: main products-sugar, citrus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: timber and forest products, food processing, furniture, rum, soap Electric power: 14,870 kW capacity (1975); 30 million kWh produced (1975), 220 kWh per capita Exports: $71.3 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); sugar, molasses, clothing, lumber, citrus fruits, fish Imports: $102 million (c.i,f., 1975 est.); vehicles, building materials, petroleum, food, textiles, machinery Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 30%, U.K. 24%, Mexico 22%, Canada 13%; imports-U. S. 34%, U.K. 25%, Jamaica 7% (1970) Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $7.2 million in grants and $0.3 million in loans; from international organizations (1946-75), $2.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars-US$1 (April 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,240 km; 280 km paved, 795 km gravel, 900 km improved earth and 265 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 1 major (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 36 total, 36 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station 18 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 Telecommunications: 5,700 telephones in auto- matic and manual network; radio-relay system; 68,000 radio receivers; 3 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,000; 19,000 fit for military service; 1,500 reach military age (18) annually BENIN (formerly Dahomey) LAND 115,773 km2; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, non-arable 1% Land boundaries: 1,963 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 3,235,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (8-72 to 8-74) Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing. & pl.); adjective-Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south, at least 6 major tribal languages in north Literacy: about 20% Labor force: 85% of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service, artisans, and industry Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Benin Type: party state, under military rule since 26 October 1972 Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: National Revolutionary Council, Council of Ministers, Central Committee of Party Government leader: Lt. Col, Mathieu Kerekou, President and chief of government, charged with national defense, planning, coordination of external aid, information, and national orientation Suffrage: suspended Elections: current government has held no elections and none are scheduled Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin established in 1975 Communists: sole party espouses Marxism- Leninism Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $372 million (1975), $120 per capita; no real growth during 1970-1974 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, sorghum and millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 32,900 metric tons (1974); exports 600 metric tons, imports 4,300 metric tons (1971) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1975); 55 million kWh produced (1975), 17 kWh per capita Exports: $94 million (f.o.b., 1974); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $131 million (c.i.f., 1974); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machinery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic (through FY75)-EC, $67.1 million; U.N., $12.5 million; other international organiza- tions, $36.2 million; Taiwan, $1 million; U.S. (FY59- 75), $17.1 million; China, $44 million extended (1972) Budget: 1975 est.-receipts $73 million, expendi- tures $77 million Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Monetary conversion rate: 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs =US$1 as of August 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 579 km, all meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 6,938 km; 844 km paved, 1,872 km gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved Inland waterways: 645 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permament- surface runway; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system of open wire and radio relay; 9,625 telephones; 54,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 735,000; 369,000 fit for military service; about 32,000 males and 31,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service Supply: dependent on France and Guinea; aid from North Korea and PRC is pending Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $7.4 million; about 11% of central government budget BERMUDA LAND 54.4 km2; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 103 km PEOPLE Population: 57,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bermudan(s); adjective- Bermudan Ethnic divisions: approximately 63% African, 37% white Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 38.2% other Protestant, 10.2% Catholic, 4.1% other Language: English Literacy: virtually 100% Labor force: 25,200 (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) appointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an appointed Legislative Council, and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly Government leaders: Governor Sir Edwin Leather; Government Leader (equivalent to Premier) Sir Edward Richards Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: at least once every 5 years; last general election, June 1972 Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), John Henry Sharpe; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Walter N.H. Robinson Voting strength (1972 elections): UBP 61.2%, PLP 38.8%; House of Assembly seats-UBP 30, PLP 10 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) ECONOMY GNP: $300-$350 million (at market prices, 1974), $5,000-$6,000 per capita Agriculture: main products-bananas, vegetables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 86,200 kW capacity (1975); 300 million kWh produced (1975), 5,330 kWh per capita Exports: $0.7 million (f.o.b., 1974); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel Imports: $154.6 million (f.o.b., 1974); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 45% U.S., 22% U.K., 9% Canada (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dol- lar= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March 20 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010006-3 January 1977 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 190 km, all paved Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George Freeport, Ireland Island) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with concrete runway 2,960 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern telecom system, includes fully automatic telephone system with 38,100 sets; 50,000 radio and 22,000 TV receivers, 2 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables BHUTAN LAND 46,600 km2; mi.; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste, urban, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 870 km PEOPLE Population: 1,217,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Bhutanese (sing., pl.); adjective-Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Bud- dhist-influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects, most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official language; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal -system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district ad- ministrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: appointed Minister and indirectly elected Assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representatives, and all district and senior government administrators Government leader: King Jigme Singhi Wangchuk Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: Colombo Plan, UPU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: under $100 per capita Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particul