Index Br
Rulers

Index Br-Bz

Bra Kanon, Denis (b. Feb. 4, 1936, Daloa, Ivory Coast [now Côte d'Ivoire] - d. June 10, 2009, Man, Côte d'Ivoire), Ivorian politician. He was minister of agriculture (1977-89), waters and forests (1983-86), and rural development (1987-89).

Braadland, Birger (b. Jan. 26, 1879, Idd [now part of Halden], Smaalenenes amt [now Østfold fylke], Norway - d. Jan. 15, 1966, Halden), foreign minister (1931-33) and acting prime minister (1932) of Norway.

Braamcamp, Anselmo José (b. Oct. 23, 1819, Lisbon, Portugal - d. Nov. 13, 1885), prime minister of Portugal (1879-81). He was also minister of interior (1862-64), justice (1863), finance (1869-70), foreign affairs (1879-81), and marine and colonies (1880).

Brabec, Richard (b. July 5, 1966, Kladno, Czechoslovakia [now in Czech Republic]), a deputy prime minister of the Czech Republic (2017-19). He was also minister of environment (2014-21).

Brabourne, Michael Herbert Rudolph Knatchbull, (5th) Baron, surname until 1919 Knatchbull-Hugessen (b. May 8, 1895 - d. Feb. 23, 1939), governor of Bombay (1933-37) and Bengal (1937-39). He succeeded as baron in 1933.

Bracht, Franz (b. Nov. 23, 1877, Berlin, Germany - d. Nov. 26, 1933, Berlin), interior minister of Germany (1932-33). He was also lord mayor of Essen (1924-32).

Bracke, Siegfried (Theofiel Hortense) (b. Feb. 21, 1953, Ghent, Belgium), Belgian politician. He was chairman of the Chamber of Representatives (2014-19).

Brackett, John Q(uincy) A(dams) (b. June 8, 1842, Bradford, N.H. - d. April 6, 1918, Boston, Mass.), governor of Massachusetts (1890-91).

Bracks

Bracks, Steve, byname of Stephen Phillip Bracks (b. Oct. 15, 1954, Ballarat, Vic.), premier of Victoria (1999-2007).

Bradác, Bohumír (b. May 31, 1881, Zidovice, Austria [now in Czech Republic] - d. Oct. 20, 1935, Zidovice), defense minister of Czechoslovakia (1932-35). He was also minister of agriculture (1929-32).

Bradara

Bradara, Lidija (b. Aug. 17, 1971, Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina), president of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2023- ).

Braden, George (b. 1949, Rosthern, Sask. - d. May 25, 2015, Ottawa, Ont.), government leader of the Northwest Territories (1980-84).

Bradford, Augustus W(illiamson) (b. Jan. 9, 1806, Bel Air, Md. - d. March 1, 1881, Baltimore, Md.), governor of Maryland (1862-66).

Bradford, Sir Edward Ridley Colborne, (1st) Baronet (b. July 27, 1836 - d. May 13, 1911), chief commissioner of Ajmer-Merwara (1878-87). He was knighted in 1885 and created a baronet in 1902.

Bradford, Max(well Robert) (b. Jan. 19, 1942, Christchurch, N.Z.), defence minister of New Zealand (1997-99).

Bradford, Robert F(iske) (b. Dec. 15, 1902, Boston, Mass. - d. March 18, 1983, Boston), governor of Massachusetts (1947-49).

Bradford, William (b. 1590, Austerfield, Yorkshire, England - d. May 9, 1657, Plymouth [now in Mass.]), governor of Plymouth Colony (1621-33, 1635-36, 1637-38, 1639-44, 1645-57).

Bradford, William (b. Sept. 14, 1755, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - d. Aug. 23, 1795, near Philadelphia), U.S. attorney general (1794-95).

Bradley, Bill, byname of William Warren Bradley (b. July 28, 1943, Crystal City, Mo.), U.S. politician. A professional basketball player, he was senator from New Jersey (1979-97) and a candidate for the 2000 Democratic presidential nomination.

Bradley, Lewis R(ice) (b. Feb. 18, 1805, Madison county, Va. - d. March 21, 1879, Elko, Nev.), governor of Nevada (1871-79).

Bradley, Michael (John) (b. June 11, 1933, Belfast, Northern Ireland - d. Feb. 22, 2010, Beckington, Somerset, England), governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1987-93). He was also attorney general of the British Virgin Islands (1977-78), the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980-81), Montserrat (1981-82), and the Cayman Islands (1982-87).

Bradley, Omar N(elson) (b. Feb. 12, 1893, Clark, Mo. - d. April 8, 1981, New York City), U.S. veterans administrator (1945-47), chief of the Army Staff (1948-49), and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1949-53).

Bradley, Perin (Ainsworth) (b. Dec. 10, 1977, South Hill, Anguilla), deputy governor (2016- ) and acting governor (2017, 2020-21, 2023) of Anguilla.

T. Bradley

Bradley, Tom, byname of Thomas J. Bradley (b. Dec. 29, 1917, Calvert, Texas - d. Sept. 29, 1998, Los Angeles, Calif.), U.S. politician. He won a City Council seat in Los Angeles in 1963 and ran for mayor six years later, losing a bitter election tinged with racist rhetoric to Sam Yorty; the scars of the 1965 Watts riots were still fresh. In 1973, Bradley ran again and this time beat Yorty with 56% of the vote, becoming the first black mayor of Los Angeles. In 1981, Bradley, running as a Democrat, lost the governor's race to Republican George Deukmejian by less than 1 percentage point. He lost a second bid for governor in 1986. The five-term mayor (1973-93) was credited with opening city government to minorities and women, expanding social services to the urban poor, and spurring economic growth. Under his administration, Los Angeles surpassed San Francisco as the West Coast's economic power in Pacific Rim trading, symbolized by the downtown skyline that grew during his administration. The successful 1984 Olympic Games stood out as his crowning achievement. The economic ruin and traffic gridlock many feared never materialized. The low point was in 1992, when riots broke out after four white LAPD officers were acquitted in the beating of black motorist Rodney King. Bradley appealed for calm, but some said his angry denunciation of the verdicts may have provoked violence. He would later describe the violence that left 55 people dead as "the most painful experience of my life." He governed quietly, by building coalitions instead of using the bully pulpit. Beginning in 1989, Bradley became embroiled in a political scandal involving his acceptance of a fee for serving as an adviser for a bank doing business with the city. At 75, he announced his retirement, avoiding an election he probably could not have won.

Bradley, William O('Connell) (b. March 18, 1847, near Lancaster, Garrard county, Ky. - d. May 23, 1914, Washington, D.C.), governor of Kentucky (1895-99). He was also a U.S. senator from Kentucky (1909-14).

Bradshaw

Bradshaw, Robert L(lewellyn) (b. Sept. 16, 1916, St. Paul's, St. Kitts - d. May 23, 1978, St. Kitts), West Indian politician. In 1940 he founded St. Kitts's trade and labour union and Labour Party. He became a member of the Legislative Council in 1946 and sat in the West Indies Federal Parliament as federal minister of finance (1958-62). When the federation dissolved, he returned to St. Kitts as minister without portfolio until 1966. After briefly serving as chief minister (1966-67), he became premier of St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla in 1967, when the three islands became an independent state in association with the U.K. He died in office. In 1998 he was posthumously awarded the Order of National Hero, giving him the title The Right Excellent Sir Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of National Hero (K.G.N.H.).

Brady, James H(enry) (b. June 12, 1862, Indiana county, Pa. - d. Jan. 13, 1918, Washington, D.C.), governor of Idaho (1909-11). He was also a U.S. senator from Idaho (1913-18).

Brady, John G(reen) (b. May 25, 1848, New York City - d. Dec. 17, 1918, Sitka, Alaska), governor of Alaska (1897-1906).

Brady, Nicholas F(rederick) (b. April 11, 1930, New York City), U.S. treasury secretary (1988-93).

Brady, Vincent (b. March 14, 1936, Dublin, Ireland - d. Oct. 6, 2020, Dublin), defence minister of Ireland (1991-92).

Brady Roche, Herman (Julio) (b. Feb. 10, 1921, Santiago, Chile - d. May 16, 2011, Santiago), defense minister of Chile (1975-78). He was also chairman of the National Energy Commission (1978-90).

Bræstrup, Christian Jacob Cosmus (b. Dec. 26, 1789, Copenhagen, Denmark - d. July 11, 1870, Copenhagen), justice (and worship) minister of Denmark (1865). He was also overpræsident of Copenhagen (1864-70).

Braga, Antonio José Ferreira (b. Dec. 30, 1845, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - d. Aug. 18, 1908, São Paulo, Brazil), president of Pará (1889) and governor of Paraná (1894).

Braga, Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes (b. Nov. 7, 1805, São Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - d. Feb. 26, 1875, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), president of Rio Grande do Sul (1834-35).

C.E. Braga

Braga, Carlos Eduardo de Souza (b. Dec. 6, 1960, Belém, Pará, Brazil), governor of Amazonas (2003-10). He was also mayor of Manaus (1994-97) and Brazilian minister of mines and energy (2015-16).

N.A. Braga

Braga, Ney Aminthas de Barros (b. July 25, 1917, Lapa, Paraná, Brazil - d. Oct. 16, 2000, Curitiba, Paraná), governor of Paraná (1961-65, 1979-82). He was also mayor of Curitiba (1954-58) and Brazilian minister of agriculture (1965-66) and education (1974-78).

Braga, Sebastião José de Magalhães (b. Oct. 13, 1855, Turiaçu, Maranhão, Brazil - d. July 21, 1927, São Luís, Maranhão), acting president of Maranhão (1898).

Braga, (Joaquim) Teófilo (Fernandes) (b. Feb. 24, 1843, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal - d. Jan. 28, 1924, Lisbon, Portugal), president of the Provisional Government (1910-11) and president (1915) of Portugal. He was also a noted writer.

Braga, Wilson Leite (b. July 18, 1931, Conceição, Paraíba, Brazil - d. May 17, 2020, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil), governor of Paraíba (1983-86). He was also mayor of João Pessoa (1989-90).

Bragança, Albertino (Homem dos Santos Sequeira) (b. March 9, 1944, São Tomé), defense minister (1991-92) and foreign minister (1992-94) of São Tomé and Príncipe.

Bragança (Neto), Raul (Vagner da Conceição) (b. April 28, 1939, Madre Deus, São Tomé and Príncipe - d. April 16, 2014, Toulouse, France), defense minister (1987-91) and prime minister (1996-99) of São Tomé and Príncipe.

Bragg, Thomas (b. Nov. 9, 1810, Warrenton, N.C. - d. Jan. 19, 1872, Raleigh, N.C.), governor of North Carolina (1855-59).

Bragge Bathurst, Charles (baptized Feb. 28, 1754 - d. Aug. 13, 1831, Lydney Park, Gloucestershire, England), British secretary at war (1803-04). He was also chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1812-23) and president of the Board of Control (1821-22). He took the additional name of Bathurst in 1804.

Braghis

Braghis, Dumitru (Petru) (b. Dec. 28, 1957, Gratiesti, Moldavian S.S.R.), prime minister of Moldova (1999-2001). In 2015-17 he was ambassador to Russia; in 2020 he was appointed ambassador to China.

Braham, Maloum Ould (b. 1930, Mauritania), foreign minister of Mauritania (1966). He was also minister of rural economy (1966-67), commerce, transport, and tourism (1967-68), youth, cultural affairs, and information (1968), justice (1968-73, 1975-77), and crafts and tourism (1973-75).

Brahawi, Abdul Karim (b. 1955, Chahar Burjak district, Nimroz province, Afghanistan), Afghan politician. He was governor of Nimroz (2001-05, 2010-12) and minister of border and tribal affairs (2006-09) and refugees and repatriation (2009-10).

Brahem, Lotfi (b. Nov. 5, 1962, Sousse, Tunisia), interior minister of Tunisia (2017-18).

A. Brahimi

L. Brahimi

Brahimi, (Janu) Abdelhamid, Arabic `Abd al-Hamid al-Ibrahimi (b. April 2, 1936, Constantine, Algeria - d. Aug. 15, 2021, Algiers, Algeria), prime minister of Algeria (1984-88). He was also planning minister (1979-84).

Brahimi, Lakhdar, Arabic al-Akhdar al-Ibrahimi (b. Jan. 1, 1934, Aziza, Medea wilaya, Algeria), foreign minister of Algeria (1991-93). He was Algerian ambassador to Egypt and The Sudan (1963-70) and to the United Kingdom (1971-79) and UN special representative for South Africa (1993-94), Haiti (1994-96), Afghanistan (1997-99, 2001-03), and Syria (2012-14) and special adviser to the secretary-general (2004-05).

Braillard

Braillard Poccard, (Néstor) Pedro (b. April 8, 1954, Corrientes, Corrientes, Argentina), governor of Corrientes (1997-99).

Braithwaite, (Eustace) E(dward Adolphe) R(icardo) (b. June 27, 1912, Georgetown, British Guiana [now Guyana] - d. Dec. 12, 2016, Rockville, Md.), Guyanese diplomat. Also known as an author, he was permanent representative to the United Nations (1967-68) and ambassador to Venezuela (1968-69).

Bråkenhielm, (Runa) Anita (Elisabet), née Ohlander (b. March 1, 1937, Jönköping, Sweden), governor of Kristianstad (1990-96) and Kalmar (1996-2002).

Bråkenhielm, Per Johan (b. Sept. 8, 1840, Malmö, Sweden - d. Oct. 27, 1910, Stockholm, Sweden), governor of Uppsala (1895-1907).

Braklamy, José António Ferreira (b. July 18, 1780, Lagos, Portugal - d. May 21, 1847, Lisbon, Portugal), president of the Governing Junta of Alagoas (1822) and foreign, finance, interior, and justice minister of Portugal (1831).

Braks, Gerrit, byname of Gerardus Johannes Maria Braks (b. May 23, 1933, Odiliapeel, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands - d. July 12, 2017, Sint-Michielsgestel, Noord-Brabant), Dutch politician. He was minister of agriculture and fisheries (1980-81, 1982-90), education and sciences (1989), and nature conservation (1989-90), chairman of the First Chamber (2001-03), and acting mayor of Eindhoven (2007-08).

Bramble, Percival Austin (b. Jan. 24, 1931), chief minister of Montserrat (1970-78); son of William Henry Bramble. He was also minister of communications and works (1966-69) and social services (1969-70).

Bramble, William Henry (b. Oct. 8, 1901 - d. Oct. 17, 1988), chief minister of Montserrat (1960-70).

Bramlette, Thomas E(lliott) (b. Jan. 3, 1817, Cumberland county, Ky. - d. Jan. 12, 1875, Louisville, Ky.), governor of Kentucky (1863-67).

Bramsen, Ludvig (Ernst) (b. Sept. 9, 1847, Copenhagen, Denmark - d. June 20, 1914, Frederiksberg, Denmark), interior minister of Denmark (1899-1901).

Bramsen, Trine (b. March 26, 1981, Svendborg, Denmark), defense minister of Denmark (2019-22). She was also minister of transport (2022).

Bramsnæs, Carl Valdemar (b. June 12, 1879, Ågerup, Holbæk amt [now in Sjælland region], Denmark - d. Aug. 29, 1965, Frederiksberg, Denmark), finance minister of Denmark (1924-26, 1929-33). He was also director of the National Bank (1936-49).

Bramuglia, Juan Atilio (b. Jan. 1, 1903, Chascomús, Buenos Aires province, Argentina - d. Sept. 4, 1962, Buenos Aires, Argentina), federal interventor in Buenos Aires (1945) and foreign minister of Argentina (1946-49).

Branca, Ascanio (b. March 10, 1840, Potenza, Two Sicilies [now in Italy] - d. March 6, 1903, Naples, Italy), finance minister of Italy (1896-98). He was also minister of public works (1891-92, 1900-01) and posts and telegraphs (1891-92).

Branch, Emmett F(orest) (b. May 16, 1874, Martinsville, Ind. - d. Feb. 23, 1932, Martinsville), governor of Indiana (1924-25).

Branch, John (b. Nov. 4, 1782, Halifax, N.C. - d. Jan. 3, 1863, Enfield, N.C.), governor of North Carolina (1817-20) and Florida (1844-45) and U.S. secretary of the Navy (1829-31).

Branco, Fernando Augusto (b. June 24, 1890 - d. Dec. 11, 1940, Lisbon, Portugal), foreign minister of Portugal (1930-32).

J.R. Branco

Branco, Joaquim Rafael (b. Sept. 7, 1953, São Tomé), foreign minister (2000-01) and prime minister (2008-10) of São Tomé and Príncipe. He was also minister of education and culture (1982-84), economic affairs (1994-96), and infrastructure, public works, natural resources, and the environment (2002-03), permanent representative to the United Nations (1984-92), and ambassador to the United States (1985-92).

Brâncoveanu, Constantin Pavel Basarab Cantacuzino (b. 1654 - d. [executed] Aug. 26 [Aug. 15, O.S.], 1714, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey]), prince of Walachia (1688-1714).

Brandão, Antônio de Freitas (b. Nov. 10, 1895, Laranjeiras, Sergipe, Brazil - d. Aug. 13, 1954, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), federal interventor in Sergipe (1946-47).

C.O. Brandão

Brandão, Carlos Orleans, Júnior (b. June 2, 1958, Colinas, Maranhão, Brazil), governor of Maranhão (2022- ).

Brandão, Francisco de Carvalho Soares (b. Oct. 31, 1839, Jaboatão [now Jaboatão dos Guararapes], Pernambuco, Brazil - d. Sept. 1, 1899, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), foreign minister of Brazil (1883-84). He was also president of Alagoas (1878), Rio Grande do Sul (1881-82), and São Paulo (1882-83).

Brandão, Francisco Silviano de Almeida (b. Sept. 8, 1848, Santana do Sapucaí [now Silvianópolis], Minas Gerais, Brazil - d. Sept. 25, 1902, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais), president of Minas Gerais (1898-1902). He was elected vice president of Brazil in 1902 but died before taking office.

Brandão, Júlio Bueno (b. July 11, 1858, Ouro Fino, Minas Gerais, Brazil - d. March 21, 1931, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), president of Minas Gerais (1908-09 [acting], 1910-14); cousin and brother-in-law of Francisco Silviano de Almeida Brandão. He was also president of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil (1920-21).

Brandão, Mário de Pimentel (b. Oct. 9, 1889, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - d. Oct. 23, 1956, Rio de Janeiro), foreign minister of Brazil (1936-38 and [acting] 1953). He was also chargé d'affaires in Paraguay (1915-17, 1917) and Belgium (1919, 1919, 1925-26), minister to Turkey and Egypt (1931-34) and Bolivia (1934), and ambassador to the United States (1938-39), Belgium (1939-40), Spain (1944-46), the Soviet Union (1946-47), and West Germany (1950-51).

Brandariz (López Mujica), Ignacio A(ntonio) (b. July 31, 1891, Trujillo, Peru - d. Feb. 23, 1982, Lima, Peru), finance minister of Peru (1932-33). He was also president of the Senate (1941-43).

Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von (b. Jan. 24, 1792, Berlin, Prussia [Germany] - d. Nov. 6, 1850, Berlin), prime minister (1848-50) and foreign minister (1848, 1849) of Prussia; son of Friedrich Wilhelm II. He was made Graf (count) in 1794.

Brandenburg, (Friedrich Wilhelm) Gustav Graf von (b. Aug. 24, 1820, Berlin, Prussia [Germany] - d. March 9, 1909, Domanze, Germany [now Domanice, Poland]), Prussian/German diplomat; son of Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Brandenburg. He was minister to Portugal (1864-76) and Belgium (1876-86).

Brandenstein, Karl (Eduard Emil Franz Moritz Christoph Freiherr) von (b. Sept. 15, 1875, Pegau, Sachsen, Germany - d. July 23, 1946, Woltersdorf, Brandenburg, Germany), leading minister of state of Reuss Junior Line (1918-19) and co-minister of state of Reuss (1919-20).

Brandes, (Carl) Edvard (Cohen) (b. Oct. 21, 1847, Copenhagen, Denmark - d. Dec. 20, 1931, Copenhagen), finance minister (1909-10, 1913-20) and acting foreign minister (1913) of Denmark. He was the brother of famous literary critic Georg Brandes.

Brandhof, Arend Evert Johannes van den (b. June 14, 1861, Wijk bij Duurstede, Utrecht, Netherlands - d. [drowned] June 13, 1910, off the eastern coast of Curaçao), administrator of Bonaire (1890-1910); son of Nicolaas van den Brandhof.

Brandhof, Nicolaas van den (b. May 8, 1834, Elst, Utrecht, Netherlands - d. March 2, 1904, The Hague), governor of Curaçao (1882-90).

Brandon, Gerard C(hittocque) (b. Sept. 15, 1788, Selma plantation, near Natchez, West Florida [now in Miss.] - d. March 28, 1850, Columbia Springs plantation, near Fort Adams, Miss.), governor of Mississippi (1825-26 [acting], 1826-32).

Brandon, William W(oodward) (b. June 5, 1868, Talladega, Ala. - d. Dec. 7, 1934, Tuscaloosa, Ala.), governor of Alabama (1923-27).

Brandstetter, Wolfgang (b. Oct. 7, 1957, Haag, Niederösterreich, Austria), justice minister (2013-17) and vice chancellor (2017) of Austria.

D. Brandt

Brandt, David (Samuel) (b. 1943?), chief minister of Montserrat (1997-2001). In 2021 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison on sexual exploitation charges.

W. Brandt

Brandt, Willy, original name Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (b. Dec. 18, 1913, Lübeck, Germany - d. Oct. 8, 1992, Unkel, near Bonn, Germany), chancellor of West Germany (1969-74). When the Nazis came to power, his activities as a young Social Democrat brought him into conflict with the Gestapo, and he had to flee the country to escape arrest. He went to Norway (where he assumed the name Willy Brandt), and when the Germans occupied Norway he escaped to Sweden, where he remained for the duration of World War II. After the war he returned to Germany as a Norwegian citizen. Pressed to return to politics, he applied to renew his German citizenship in 1947 and was elected to the federal parliament in 1949. Later he became governing mayor of West Berlin (1957-66). He became chairman of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1964 and campaigned for the office of chancellor three times (1961, 1965, 1969). When the grand coalition of Christian Democrats and Social Democrats was formed in 1966, Brandt became foreign minister and vice-chancellor. In 1969 his party formed a coalition with the small Free Democratic Party. The year following his election as chancellor, he concentrated on foreign affairs and particularly sought to improve relations with East Germany, other Communist nations in eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union, formulating a policy known as Ostpolitik ("eastern policy"). Although fortified by a great SPD victory in 1972, he resigned in May 1974 after his close aide Günter Guillaume was unmasked as an East German spy. He remained SPD chairman until 1987 and was also head of the Socialist International from 1976 to 1992. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his continuing work toward reconciliation between West Germany and the Soviet bloc.

Brandt, Yoka, byname of Johanna Marie Geertrui Brandt (b. Jan. 30, 1958), Dutch diplomat. She has been ambassador to Eritrea (2000-04) and Uganda (2004-07) and permanent representative to the United Nations (2020- ).

Brañes Farmer, Raúl (b. March 27, 1903, Cuzco, Peru - d. March 31, 1991, San Antonio, Chile), Chilean politician. He was president of the Chamber of Deputies (1941 [provisional], 1949-50).

Branigin, Roger D(ouglas) (b. July 26, 1902, Franklin, Ind. - d. Nov. 19, 1975, Lafayette, Ind.), governor of Indiana (1965-69).

Brankovic, Nedzad (b. Dec. 28, 1962, Visegrad [now in Republika Srpska], Bosnia and Herzegovina), prime minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007-09).

Brann, Louis J(efferson) (b. July 6, 1876, Madison, Maine - d. Feb. 3, 1948, Falmouth, Maine), governor of Maine (1933-37).

Brannan

Brannan, Charles F(ranklin) (b. Aug. 23, 1903, Denver, Colo. - d. July 2, 1992, Denver), U.S. secretary of agriculture (1948-53). In 1935 he became assistant regional attorney of the Resettlement Administration, and later regional attorney in the Department of Agriculture's office of the solicitor. From November 1941 to April 1944 he was regional director of the Farm Security Administration for Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. He was named assistant secretary of agriculture in June 1944 and secretary of agriculture in June 1948. In 1949 Brannan put forward the "Brannan plan" for farm price supports to be based on a minimum farm purchasing power, which would be subsidized by government payments. This legislative proposal was not enacted by Congress, although Brannan and other administration leaders continued to press for it during 1950. He charged that failure to enact his plan was the cause of such occurrences as dumping millions of dollars of surplus agricultural products which had been purchased by the government. On Aug. 22, 1950, Brannan declared that the government had huge surpluses of dairy foods and dried eggs, in danger of spoiling if not given away. Under Pres. Harry S. Truman's defense mobilization plan announced Sept. 9, 1950, Brannan was given cognizance over food, farm equipment, and commercial fertilizer.

Branstad

Branstad, Terry E(dward) (b. Nov. 17, 1946, Leland, Iowa), governor of Iowa (1983-99, 2011-17). A Republican, he served in the Iowa House of Representatives (1973-79) and was lieutenant governor (1979-83). Benefiting from opponents' weaknesses, he won the governor's race with 53% in 1982 because his opponent had legally avoided paying her state taxes, with 52% in 1986 when his opponent backed a $400 million bond issue to be paid back from a lottery, and with 61% in 1990 against a weak winner of a multi-candidate primary. In 1994, he had primary opposition from Fred Grandy, familiar to TV viewers as Gopher in The Love Boat, but to Iowans as a hard-working, close-to-home congressman from the 5th District. Grandy called for a tax cut and attacked Branstad for "a pattern of abuse and mismanagement." Branstad won by only 52%-48%. In the general, Branstad never had a secure lead in polls over Attorney General Bonnie Campbell, who attacked her own party's platform as too liberal; Grandy was openly hostile, saying of Branstad, "I'll hold my nose and vote for the guy." But in the fall, with crime an issue, Branstad attacked Campbell for her opposition to the death penalty. And the strong Iowa economy evidently worked for the incumbent. Branstad won 58%-42%, carrying all but four counties. Des Moines, the most vibrantly growing part of the state, which voted against Branstad in 1982 and 1986, voted for him this time. Branstad, who had the strength to win when Iowa seemed mostly Democratic, now had the opportunity to lead when it was trending Republican. Incidentally, Branstad endorsed Bob Dole for president in 1996 - the first time he publicly endorsed a presidential candidate. In March 1997 he said he would not seek a fifth term. After a 12-year pause, however, he did so and defeated incumbent Democrat Chet Culver 53%-43% in 2010. In December 2015 he became the longest-serving governor in U.S. history, surpassing the tenure of almost 21 years of New York's George Clinton (1777-95, 1801-04). In 2017-20 he was ambassador to China.

Branting, Karl Hjalmar (b. Nov. 23, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden - d. Feb. 24, 1925, Stockholm), finance minister (1917-18), prime minister (1920, 1921-23, 1924-25), and foreign minister (1921-23) of Sweden. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 (jointly with Christian Lous Lange of Norway).

Brantley

Brantley, Mark (Anthony Graham) (b. Jan. 11, 1969, Gingerland, Nevis), foreign minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2015-22) and premier of Nevis (2017- ).

Brantsen van de Zijp, Derk Willem Gerhard Johan Hendrik baron (b. March 26, 1801, Rotterdam, Netherlands - d. ...), acting governor of Gelderland (1846-47).

Brar, (Sardar) Harcharan Singh (b. Jan. 22, 1922, Sarai Naga village, Punjab, India - d. Sept. 6, 2009, Sarai Naga), governor of Orissa (1977) and Haryana (1977-79) and chief minister of Punjab (1995-96).

Brasey, Louis Antoine Marie (b. May 31, 1891 - d. 19...), resident-superior of Laos (1941-45).

Brash

Brash, Don(ald Thomas) (b. Sept. 24, 1940, Wanganui, N.Z.), New Zealand politician. He was governor of the Reserve Bank (1988-2002) before entering parliament. In October 2003 he toppled Bill English as leader of the National Party. He was never a strong performer in the House and, although his apolitical image might initially have seemed an asset, doubts emerged about his political instincts. To the surprise of many observers, and indeed Brash himself, his Orewa speech in late January 2004 on race relations and separatism resonated strongly with the public. And he showed he had a ruthless streak in demoting the party's spokeswomen for Maori affairs (Georgina Te Heuheu) and welfare (Katherine Rich). But his political awkwardness persisted, as in his unconvincing denial of accusations in 2004 that he told United States officials that the nuclear propulsion ban would be "gone by lunchtime." In the elections of September 2005, on the back of an aggressive tax-cut policy, National gained 39% of the party vote, not enough to have a realistic chance of forming a government but a huge improvement on its miserable 21% return in the 2002 election. Just before the election Brash was placed on the back foot over alleged meetings between himself and the secretive Exclusive Brethren sect. His clumsy efforts to explain what he had or had not known about Brethren campaign pamphlets reawakened doubts about his political judgment and credibility. His gaffes became all too regular, the final straw being his handling of emails which he claimed were stolen from his computer and which were used by Nicky Hager in his book The Hollow Men. He resigned as leader and as MP in November 2006. In April 2011 he became leader of the ACT New Zealand party, but he stepped down after a poor result (1 seat) in the November 2011 elections.

Brasil, Ptolomeu de Assis (b. March 26, 1878, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - d. Aug. 23, 1935. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), federal interventor in Santa Catarina (1930-32).

Brasiliense, Odilon Pratagy (b. May 12, 1857 - d. September 1933), acting prefect of Alto Acre (1905).

Brasseur, Maurice (Paul) (b. June 15, 1909, Corbion [now part of Bouillon], Luxembourg province, Belgium - d. April 3, 1996, Libramont-Chevigny, Luxembourg province), interior minister of Belgium (1950-52). He was also minister of foreign trade and technical assistance (1961-65) and governor of Luxembourg (1965-76).

Brassey, Thomas Brassey, (1st) Earl, (1st) Viscount Hythe (b. Feb. 11, 1836, Stafford, Staffordshire, England - d. Feb. 23, 1918, London, England), governor of Victoria (1895-1900). He was knighted in 1881 and created baron in 1886 and earl and viscount in 1911.

Brassine, Jacques Joseph (b. Oct. 12, 1830, Namur, Belgium - d. Dec. 25, 1899, Auderghem, Belgium), war minister (1893-96) and acting foreign minister (1896) of Belgium.

Bratakusumah, Raden Ukar (b. Sept. 17, 1911, Ciamis, Netherlands East Indies [now in Jawa Barat, Indonesia] - d. March 12, 2003, Jakarta, Indonesia), governor of Jawa Barat (1948-50). He was also Indonesian minister of public works (1951-52).

Brathier, Pancras, interior minister of Benin (1989-90).

Brathwaite, Sir Nicholas (Alexander) (b. July 8, 1925, Carriacou island, Grenada - d. Oct. 28, 2016, St. George's, Grenada), prime minister (1983-84, 1990-95) and foreign minister (1990, 1991-92, 1992-95) of Grenada; knighted 1995.

Bratianu, Dimitrie C(onstantin) (b. 1818, Pitesti, Walachia [now in Romania] - d. June 8, 1892, Bucharest, Romania), prime minister and foreign minister of Romania (1881). He was also mayor of Bucharest (1866-67), minister of education (1867) and public works (1867), and president of the Chamber of Deputies (1881-82).

I.C. Bratianu

Bratianu, Ion C(onstantin) (b. June 2, 1821, Pitesti, Walachia [now in Romania] - d. May 16, 1891, Florica, Romania), prime minister (1868, 1876-81, 1881-88) and acting foreign minister (1885) of Romania; brother of Dimitrie C. Bratianu. He took part in the revolution of 1848 and became one of the four secretaries of the provisional government. He was one of the leaders of the party that rejected the Russian protectorate and the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, aspiring instead to make of Romania an independent democratic state. Having been proscribed for his activity in the revolutionary cause, Bratianu withdrew to Paris, where he continued to work for the union and autonomy of the principalities of Moldavia and Walachia. He returned home in 1856. With the principalities subsequently united as Romania under Prince Alexandru Ioan, Bratianu founded the Romanian Liberal Party with his brother Dimitrie and in 1866 figured prominently in the deposing of Alexandru and the election as prince of Romania of Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later (1881) King Carol I. He was finance minister (1866, 1867-68, 1876-77, 1877, 1880, 1880-81, 1881), interior minister (1867, 1867-68, 1877-78, 1878-79, 1880, 1882, 1887-88), war minister (1868, 1877-78, 1878-79, 1881-82, 1882-84, 1887-88), and president of the Chamber of Deputies (1868-69). As finance minister, he played an important role in designing the Romanian constitution of 1866. He was arrested following an abortive anti-dynastic coup in 1870 but was soon released. Aided by his longtime political ally C.A. Rosetti, Bratianu formed a Liberal government in 1876 and remained prime minister until 1888, except for a brief interval in 1881 when his brother took over the post. His autocratic, corrupt administration, which was redeemed somewhat by constitutional and land reforms and by his own personal character, was also marked by Romania's alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary (1883). He was compelled to resign in 1888 after a riotous outbreak in Bucharest, which was only suppressed after bloodshed.

I.I.C. Bratianu

V. Bratianu

Bratianu, Ion I(on) C(onstantin), byname Ionel Bratianu (b. Aug. 20, 1864, Florica, Romania - d. Nov. 24, 1927, Bucharest), interior minister (1907-08), prime minister (1909-11, 1914-18, 1918-19, 1922-26, 1927), foreign minister (1909, 1916-18, 1918-19, 1927), and war minister (1914-16, 1922) of Romania; son of Ion C. Bratianu.

Bratianu, Vintila (Ion Constantin) (b. Sept. 16, 1867, Bucharest, Romania - d. Dec. 22, 1930, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania), war minister (1916-17), finance minister (1922-26, 1927-28), and prime minister (1927-28) of Romania; son of Ion C. Bratianu; brother of Ion I.C. Bratianu. He was also mayor of Bucharest (1907-10) and minister of war materials (1917-18).

Bratlie, Jens Kristian Meinich (b. Jan. 17, 1856, Nordre Land, Christians amt [now in Innlandet fylke], Norway - d. Sept. 15, 1939, Oslo, Norway), prime minister of Norway (1912-13). He was also president of the Storting (1910-13), chairman of the Conservative Party (1911-19), and minister of defense and auditing (1912-13).

Bratteli

Bratteli, Trygve (Martin) (b. Jan. 11, 1910, Nøtterøy, Norway - d. Nov. 20, 1984, Oslo), prime minister of Norway (1971-72, 1973-76). He joined the Labour Party and became editor (1934) of the party newspaper in Kirkenes. He was secretary (1934-40) and chairman (1945-46) of the party's youth section and edited its magazine. He remained in Norway after the German invasion (1940), joining the Resistance, but he was arrested in 1942 and spent the remainder of World War II in various concentration camps in Germany. After the war he became vice-chairman of the Labour Party (1945-65). He was elected to the Storting (parliament) in 1950 and under the premiership of Einar Gerhardsen served as finance minister (1951-55, 1956-60) and minister of transport and communications (1960-64). Bratteli succeeded as party leader in 1965, forming a minority government in March 1971. An advocate of Norwegian accession to the European Communities (EC), he resigned (October 1972) following the referendum by which EC membership was rejected. He returned to power a year later at the head of a coalition of the Labour and Socialist Alliance parties, but his defeat over the EC continued to cast a cloud over his political life, and eventually undermined his position. He resigned as chairman of the Labour Party (1975) and as prime minister (January 1976). He remained a member of parliament until 1981.

Brattested, Merete Fjeld (b. Aug. 6, 1963, Bergen, Norway), Norwegian diplomat. She has been ambassador to Thailand, Cambodia, and Myanmar (2005-10) and permanent representative to the United Nations (2023- ).

Bratusek

Bratusek, Alenka (b. March 31, 1970, Celje, Slovenia), prime minister of Slovenia (2013-14). In 2014 she was named a vice president of the European Commission but then withdrew her candidacy. She was minister of infrastructure and a deputy prime minister in 2018-20.

Brauer, Max (Julius Friedrich) (b. Sept. 3, 1887, Altona, Prussia [now part of Hamburg], Germany - d. Feb. 2, 1973, Hamburg, West Germany), first mayor of Hamburg (1946-53, 1957-61). He was also lord mayor of Altona (1924-33).

Braun, Andrey (Georgiyevich) (b. Feb. 14, 1937, Rundiviziya, Chernigov oblast, Ukrainian S.S.R.), first secretary of the party committee (1986-91) and head (1992-97) of Tselinograd/Akmola oblast.

Braun, Christian Frédéric (b. May 30, 1958), Luxembourg diplomat. He was ambassador to Austria and Slovenia (2005-07) and permanent representative to the United Nations (2016-21).

Braun, Harald (b. Sept. 11, 1952, Sindelfingen, West Germany), German diplomat. He was ambassador to Burundi (1991-92) and permanent representative to the United Nations (2014-17).

Braun, Magnus (Alexander Maximilian) Freiherr von (b. Feb. 7, 1878, Neucken, East Prussia, Germany [now Dubki, Kaliningrad oblast, Russia] - d. Aug. 29, 1972, Oberaudorf, West Germany), German food minister (1932-33).

Braun, Pierre (b. Jan. 5, 1872, Goeblange, Luxembourg - d. March 16, 1956, Luxembourg, Luxembourg), interior minister of Luxembourg (1910-15).

Braun, Sigismund Freiherr von (b. April 15, 1911, Berlin, Germany - d. July 13, 1998, Bonn, Germany), West German diplomat; son of Magnus Freiherr von Braun; brother of rocket engineer Wernher von Braun. He was permanent observer to the United Nations (1962-68) and ambassador to France (1968-70, 1972-76).

Braun, Wolfgang (b. July 27, 1939, Magdeburg, Germany - d. May 19, 2016, Magdeburg), Regierungsbevollmächtigter of Magdeburg (1990).

Brauner, Johan friherre (b. Nov. 5, 1668, Fagerhult, Kalmar, Sweden - d. July 10, 1743), governor of Kronoberg (1727-29) and Uppsala (1729-43). He was made friherre (baron) in 1731.

Bräutigam, Hans Otto (b. Feb. 6, 1931, Völklingen, Saargebiet [now Saarland, Germany]), German politician. He was West German permanent representative in East Germany (1982-89) and permanent representative to the United Nations (1989-90) and justice minister of Brandenburg (1990-99).

Brauw, Willem Maurits de (b. Aug. 24, 1838, The Hague, Netherlands - d. Dec. 18, 1898, The Hague), king's/queen's commissioner of Zeeland (1884-97). He was also Dutch minister of colonies (1882-83).

Braverman, Suella, byname of Sue-Ellen Cassiana Braverman, née Fernandes (b. April 3, 1980, London, England), British home secretary (2022, 2022-23). She was also attorney general (2020-22).

Bravo, Alexander (b. Jan. 25, 1829, Clarendon, Jamaica - d. July 7, 1902, London, England), acting administrator of Gambia (1869-70) and acting governor of Sierra Leone (1873).

Bravo, Federico (Saturnino) (b. 1920? - d. Oct. 26, 2010), Argentine politician/diplomat; illegitimate son of Federico Cantoni; brother of Leopoldo Bravo. He was ambassador to the Soviet Union (1983-89).

L. Bravo

Brawand

Bravo, Leopoldo (b. March 15, 1919, San Juan, San Juan, Argentina - d. Aug. 4, 2006, San Juan, San Juan), governor of San Juan (1963-66, 1982, 1983-85); illegitimate son of Federico Cantoni. He was also Argentine ambassador to Romania (1948-50), Bulgaria (1950-51), the Soviet Union (1953-55, 1976-81), and Italy (1981-82).

Bravo, Leopoldo Alfredo, byname Polo Bravo (b. July 30, 1960 - d. Oct. 30, 2010, San Juan, San Juan, Argentina), Argentine politician/diplomat; son of Leopoldo Bravo. He was ambassador to Russia (2006-10).

Bravo Ahuja, Víctor (b. Feb. 20, 1918, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico - d. Sept. 2, 1990, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico), governor of Oaxaca (1968-70). He was also Mexican minister of education (1970-76).

Bravo Izquierdo, Donato (b. Nov. 5, 1890, Coxcatlán, Puebla, Mexico - d. Aug. 21, 1971), governor of Puebla (1927-29).

Bravo Murillo, Juan (b. June 9, 1803, Fregenal de la Sierra [now in Badajoz province], Spain - d. Jan. 10, 1873, Madrid, Spain), prime minister of Spain (1851-52). He was also minister of justice (1847), commerce, education, and public works (1847-48), and finance (1849, 1849-50, 1851-52) and president of the Congress of Deputies (1858).

Bravo Ortiz, Enrique (b. Jan. 27, 1878, San Carlos, Chile - d. July 22, 1966), war minister of Chile (1931).

Bravo Pardo, Flavio (b. July 18, 1921, Havana, Cuba - d. Feb. 27, 1988, Havana), a vice premier of Cuba (1972-81). He was also president of the National Assembly (1981-88).

Brawand, Samuel (b. May 18, 1898, Grindelwald, Bern, Switzerland - d. July 11, 2001, Grindelwald), president of the government of Bern (1950-51, 1961-62). He began his political career as a municipal councillor of Grindelwald. Between 1933 and 1935, he was a member of the cantonal parliament representing the Social Democratic Party. He was a member of the National Council from 1935 until he was elected as a cantonal government minister in 1947. He headed the department for construction and railways for 15 years. In 1955-67, he was a member of the National Council again.

Brax, Tuija (Kaarina) (b. Jan. 6, 1965, Helsinki, Finland), justice minister of Finland (2007-11).

Bray, Norman Napier Evelyn (b. Aug. 17, 1885, Belfast, Ireland [now in Northern Ireland] - d. May 1, 1962), British political agent in Bahrain (1918-19).

Brayko, Mikhail (Grigoryevich) (b. Aug. 13, 1784 - d. May 8, 1848, St. Petersburg, Russia), governor of Georgia province (1837-38).

Brayman, Mason (b. May 23, 1813, Buffalo, N.Y. - d. Feb. 27, 1895, Kansas City, Mo.), governor of Idaho (1876-80).

Braz, Félix (b. March 16, 1966, Differdange, Luxembourg), justice minister (2013-19) and a deputy prime minister (2018-19) of Luxembourg.

Brazauskas

Brazauskas, Algirdas (Mykolas) (b. Sept. 22, 1932, Rokiskis, Lithuania - d. June 26, 2010, Vilnius, Lithuania), president (1992-98) and prime minister (2001-06) of Lithuania. He was minister of the building materials industry (1965-66), first secretary of the Communist Party (1988-89) and of the Independent Communist Party (1989-90), and chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1990) of the Lithuanian S.S.R. In 1990 he transformed his party into the Lithuanian Democratic Labour Party (LDDP). Helping lead the country towards independence, he became acting president after the LDDP won a majority of seats in the general election for the new parliament in 1992, then in 1993 he became the first elected president. He did not stand for reelection in 1998 and returned to parliament to lead the LDDP. He united the political left behind the A. Brazauskas Social Democratic Coalition, which went on to electoral success in October 2000. Although his claims to the right to try and form a government were overlooked by Pres. Valdas Adamkus, the subsequently-formed right-wing coalition collapsed in June 2001. Brazauskas, now chairman of the new Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (formed by the merger in January of his LDDP with the existing LSDP), was called upon to form a government. Like before as president, he promoted Lithuania's economic freedom and eventual membership in the EU and NATO. He resigned in 2006 amid accusations of economic corruption, and the next year he retired as leader of the LSDP. Brazauskas was awarded Russia's Order of Honour in 2010 for his diplomatic role in strengthening cooperation and relations between Russia and Lithuania.

Braze, Baiba (b. Dec. 4, 1966, Riga, Latvian S.S.R.), foreign minister of Latvia (2024- ). She was also ambassador to the Netherlands (2003-08) and the United Kingdom (2016-20).

Brazza

Brazza, Pierre (Paul François Camille) Savorgnan de, original name Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà (b. Jan. 26, 1852, Castel Gandolfo, Papal State [now in Lazio, Italy] - d. Sept. 14, 1905, Dakar, Senegal), commissioner-general of French Congo (1886-97). He became a naturalized French citizen on Aug. 12, 1874, adopting the French spelling of his name.

Breathitt, Edward T(hompson, Jr.), byname Ned Breathitt (b. Nov. 26, 1924, Hopkinsville, Ky. - d. Oct. 14, 2003, Lexington, Ky.), governor of Kentucky (1963-67). He was elected to the Kentucky House in 1951, serving from 1952 to 1958. He worked for Democratic presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson in 1952 and was on the campaign staff that returned former vice president Alben Barkley to the U.S. Senate in 1954. Racial harmony was a theme of Breathitt's inaugural speech as governor on Dec. 10, 1963. But Congress was debating a civil rights bill at the time, and state lawmakers were unwilling to take the lead in enacting a state civil rights law. The Breathitt administration's bill was later killed in committee. Finally, in 1966, Kentucky became the first southern state to enact a civil rights law, which went farther than the federal law in prohibiting racial discrimination in hiring. "This is only a beginning," Breathitt said at the bill-signing ceremony. "Only in the human heart can justice win the final victory." Later governors appointed Breathitt to the Council on Higher Education and the governing boards of Morehead State University, Kentucky State University, and the University of Kentucky, where he spent seven more years as trustees chairman. He became the Southern Railway System's general counsel after leaving the governorship, moved to Washington, D.C., as a vice president in 1972 and was the company's top lobbyist for 20 years.

Breathitt, John (b. Sept. 9, 1786, Henry county, Va. - d. Feb. 21, 1834, Frankfort, Ky.), governor of Kentucky (1832-34).

Brechalov

Brechalov, Aleksandr (Vladimirovich) (b. Nov. 18, 1973, Tlustenkhabl, Adygey autonomous oblast, Russian S.F.S.R.), head of the republic of Udmurtia (2017- ).

Breckinridge, John (b. Dec. 2, 1760, near Staunton, Virginia - d. Dec. 14, 1806, near Lexington, Ky.), U.S. attorney general (1805-06). He was also a senator from Kentucky (1801-05).

J.C. Breckinridge

Breckinridge, John C(abell) (b. Jan. 21, 1821, near Lexington, Ky. - d. May 17, 1875, Lexington), U.S. vice president (1857-61); grandson of John Breckinridge. He began his political career in 1849 as a member of the Kentucky legislature. In 1851 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. During this troubled antebellum period, he established his reputation as a faithful Democrat, and when his party nominated James Buchanan of Pennsylvania for president in 1856, Breckinridge was a natural choice to "balance the ticket" between North and South. Once in office, however, Buchanan and Breckinridge were unable to fend off the sectional conflict. Challenged by the newly formed Republican Party, which resisted extension of slavery into the territories, the Democrats broke apart at their national convention in the summer of 1860. The Northern wing nominated Stephen A. Douglas on a platform favouring popular sovereignty (local option), while the Southerners chose Breckinridge on a separate ticket demanding federal intervention in behalf of slave property in the territories. Defeated in the November election by Republican Abraham Lincoln, Breckinridge succeeded John J. Crittenden as U.S. senator from Kentucky in March 1861, but he resigned later that year. He never ceased working for accommodation and compromise, but after the firing on Ft. Sumter, S.C. (April 12), he maintained that the Union no longer existed. He was commissioned a brigadier general in the Confederate Army in November. After the Battle of Shiloh (April 6-7, 1862), in which he commanded the reserve, he was promoted to the rank of major general and thereafter took part in many campaigns. In the final months of the war, Breckinridge served as Confederate secretary of war.

Bredal, Johan Olaf (b. March 10, 1862, Laurvig [now Larvik], Jarlsberg og Laurvigs amt [now Vestfold fylke], Norway - d. April 26, 1948, Oslo, Norway), justice minister of Norway (1907-08).

Breder, Paul Peter Vilhelm (b. April 10, 1816, Fredrikshald, Smaalenenes amt [now Halden, Østfold fylke], Norway - d. Jan. 15, 1890, Drammen, Buskerud, Norway), governor of Nordland (1854-58) and Buskerud (1858-82).

Bredesen, Phil(ip Norman) (b. Nov. 21, 1943, Oceanport, N.J.), governor of Tennessee (2003-11).

Bredt, Johann Victor (b. March 2, 1879, Barmen, Prussia [now part of Wuppertal, Nordrhein-Westfalen], Germany - d. Dec. 1, 1940, Marburg, Prussia [now in Hessen], Germany), justice minister of Germany (1930).

Breen, Henry Heggart (b. 1805, Tabart, County Kerry, Ireland - d. Nov. 2, 1881), administrator of Saint Lucia (1857-62).

Brega

Brega, Gheorghe (b. Sept. 28, 1951, Drepcauti, Moldavian S.S.R.), acting prime minister of Moldova (2015-16). He was deputy prime minister for social issues (2015-17).

Bregendahl, Laurids Nørgaard (b. Aug. 29, 1811, Skørping, Denmark - d. June 25, 1872, Copenhagen, Denmark), Danish politician. He was speaker of the Folketing (1859-70).

Breisky, Walter (b. July 8, 1871, Bern, Switzerland - d. Sept. 25, 1944, Klosterneuburg, Germany [now in Niederösterreich, Austria]), interior minister (1920, 1921, 1922), defense minister (1920, 1921), vice chancellor (1920-22), and chancellor and foreign minister (1922) of Austria.

Breitenstein, (Fredrik) Wilhelm (b. May 17, 1933, Tampere, Finland - d. June 6, 2005, Helsinki, Finland), Finnish diplomat. He was permanent representative to the United Nations (1991-98).

Breithaupt, Louis Orville (b. Oct. 28, 1890, Berlin [now Kitchener], Ont. - d. Dec. 6, 1960, Toronto, Ont.), lieutenant governor of Ontario (1952-57).

Brejski, Jan (b. Feb. 20, 1863, Ponschau, Prussia [now Paczewo, near Starogard Gdanski, Poland] - d. Dec. 10, 1934, Torun, Poland), governor of Pomorskie województwo (1920-24).

Brekelmans, Ruben (Pieter) (b. July 18, 1986, Leidschendam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands), defense minister of the Netherlands (2024- ).

Bremer

Bremer, Paul, in full Lewis Paul Bremer III (b. Sept. 30, 1941, Hartford, Conn.), head of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq (2003-04). He joined the U.S. diplomatic corps in 1967, serving at the embassies in Afghanistan, Malawi, and Norway, and as a special assistant to Henry Kissinger in 1972-76 and to Alexander Haig in the early 1980s. He was named ambassador to the Netherlands by Pres. Ronald Reagan in 1983, and ambassador-at-large for counterterrorism in 1986. On retiring from the foreign service in 1989, he became a managing director of the Kissinger Group, a consultancy on international issues, until 2000. He was appointed chair of the National Commission on Terrorism in 1999. In May 2003 he replaced Lt.Gen. Jay Garner as the top civilian administrator of occupied Iraq. Reporting to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, Bremer's role was to oversee the U.S.-led occupation until such time as the transition could be made to Iraqi self-rule. He was empowered to issue decrees and oversee reconstruction efforts and the creation of new institutions and governing structures. The first orders he issued were to ban members of the Ba`th Party from holding public office, and to disband the Iraqi army; these decisions have been widely criticized as major causes of the insurgency in the course of which over 100,000 people were killed. In July 2003 he appointed an Iraqi interim governing council, but had veto powers over its proposals. He faced major challenges in restoring law and order and power supplies, and in dealing with insurgents. He remained in charge until the formal return of sovereignty to the interim Iraqi government on June 28, 2004.

Bremner, Claude Edward Urquhart (b. Aug. 30, 1891, India - d. April 25, 1965), British political agent and consul in Muscat and Oman (1932-33, 1933-35).

Brende

Brende, Børge (b. Sept. 25, 1965, Odda, Hordaland [now in Vestland], Norway), foreign minister of Norway (2013-17). He was also minister of environment (2001-04) and industry and trade (2004-05).

Brenes Jarquín, Carlos Alberto (b. Dec. 2, 1884, Masaya, Nicaragua - d. Jan. 2, 1942, Managua, Nicaragua), acting president of Nicaragua (1936-37). He was also minister to the United States (1937).

Brennan, John (Owen) (b. Sept. 22, 1955, North Bergen, N.J.), director of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (2013-17).

Brennan, Joseph E(dward) (b. Nov. 2, 1934, Portland, Maine - d. April 5, 2024, Portland), governor of Maine (1979-87).

Brennan, Peter J(oseph) (b. May 24, 1918, New York City - d. Oct. 2, 1996, Massapequa, Long Island, N.Y.), U.S. secretary of labor (1973-75). He served as a chief petty officer during World War II in a submarine in the Pacific, but when he returned to civilian life he quickly became more involved in union activities. In 1957, Brennan was elected president of the Building and Construction Trades Council of Greater New York, an umbrella organization of unions with 250,000 members at the time. He was also president of the council's New York State counterpart and served as vice president of the state AFL-CIO. Brennan rose to national prominence in 1970 when he organized 100,000 construction workers to rally for Pres. Richard Nixon's policies on the Vietnam War. A counterdemonstration by Vietnam War opponents led to a clash with the workers, and many antiwar protesters were beaten. Nixon thanked Brennan for the support by inviting him to the White House and presenting him with a white hard hat stamped with an American flag and the title "Commander in Chief." The links that Nixon formed with the rank and file of traditionally Democratic unions contributed to his landslide re-election in 1972. Nixon nominated Brennan as secretary of labor not long after the election, and Brennan held the post from Feb. 2, 1973, until Pres. Gerald Ford replaced him in 1975. During his tenure, he was credited with helping strengthen pension plan safeguards and worker safety enforcement. But he clashed with AFL-CIO President George Meany on minimum wage policy. Ford offered Brennan the post of ambassador to Ireland, but Brennan declined and returned to New York, where he resumed the presidency of the construction trades council.

Brenner, Ernst (b. Dec. 9, 1856, Basel, Switzerland - d. March 11, 1911, Menton, Alpes-Maritimes, France), president of Switzerland (1901, 1908). He was also president of the government of Basel-Stadt (1887-88, 1894-95), president of the National Council (1894-95), president of the Liberal-Democratic Party (1896), and minister of justice and police (1897-1900, 1902-07, 1909-11) and finance and customs (acting, 1902).

Brentano

Brentano (di Tremezzo), Heinrich von (b. June 20, 1904, Offenbach, Germany - d. Nov. 14, 1964, Darmstadt, West Germany), foreign minister of West Germany (1955-61).

Brentford, William Joynson-Hicks, (1st) Viscount, byname Jix, original name William Hicks (b. June 23, 1865, London, England - d. June 8, 1932, Newick Park, Sussex, England), British home secretary (1924-29). He was also postmaster-general and paymaster-general (1923) and health minister (1923-24). He added the surname Joynson on marriage in 1895 and was created baronet in 1919 and viscount in 1929.

Bresani (del Villar), Federico (b. May 3, 1836, Lima, Peru - d. Nov. 1, 1910, Miraflores, Lima province, Peru), finance minister (1895) and second vice president (1899-1903) of Peru.

Bresis

Bresis, Vilnis Edvins (b. Jan. 30, 1938, Jelgava, Latvia - d. Oct. 25, 2017), chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian S.S.R. (1988-90).

Bressolles, Louis (Henri François Denis), acting governor of Ivory Coast (1938-39) and governor of Martinique (1940-41).

Bresson, Charles Joseph, comte (b. March 27, 1798, Épinal, France - d. Nov. 2, 1847, Naples, Two Sicilies [now in Italy]), foreign minister of France (1834). He was also minister to Hanover (1830-32), Bavaria (1832-33), Prussia (1833-43), and the Two Sicilies (1847) and ambassador to Spain (1843-47).

Bret, Charles Wangel (b. Feb. 24, 1791, Lyon, France - d. Sept. 14, 1860, Précieux, Loire, France), French administrator. He was prefect of the départements of Loire (1832-33, 1851-52), Haut-Rhin (1833-48), Haute-Garonne (1852), and Rhône (1852-53).

Bretas, Agostinho José Ferreira (baptized March 4, 1812, Vila Rica [now Ouro Preto], Minas Gerais, Brazil - d. Sept. 27, 1905, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais), acting president of Minas Gerais (1870).

Breton, Thierry (b. Jan. 15, 1955, Paris, France), economy, finance, and industry minister of France (2005-07). He is also EU commissioner for internal market (2019- ).

Brett, John Aloysius (b. June 20, 1879 - d. Jan. 7, 1955), acting chief commissioner of Baluchistan (1932).

Brett, Robert George (b. Nov. 15, 1851, Strathroy, Canada West [now Ont.] - d. Sept. 16, 1929, Calgary, Alta.), lieutenant governor of Alberta (1915-25).

Breugel Douglas, Casper baron van (b. Jan. 5, 1896, Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland - d. Aug. 10, 1982, Cannes, France), Dutch diplomat. He was ambassador to Greece (1937-41), China (1942-43), and the Soviet Union (1943-46).

Brevern, Ivan (Khristoforovich fon), German Johann von Brevern (b. Dec. 3, 1813, Jörden, Russia [now Juuru, Estonia] - d. April 29, 1885, St. Petersburg, Russia), governor of Courland (1858-68); son of Khristofor Brevern.

Brevern, Khristofor (Ivanovich fon), German Christoph Engelbrecht von Brevern (b. Dec. 17, 1782, Kostifer, Russia [now Kostivere, Estonia] - d. Jan. 4, 1863, Mitava, Russia [now Jelgava, Latvia]), governor of Courland (1827-53).

Brévié, (Joseph) Jules (b. March 12, 1880, Bagnères-de-Luchon, Haute-Garonne, France - d. March 12, 1964), commissioner (1921-22) and lieutenant governor (1922-29) of Niger, governor of Ivory Coast (1930), governor-general of French West Africa (1930-36) and French Indochina (1936-39), and French minister of colonies (1942-43).

Brewah, Luseni A(lfred) M(orlu) (b. April 21, 1924, Taiama, Sierra Leone - d. 1978, Freetown, Sierra Leone), foreign minister of Sierra Leone (1968-69). He was also minister of health (1969-71) and works (1974-76) and attorney general (1971-74).

Brewer, Albert P(reston) (b. Oct. 26, 1928, Bethel Springs, Tenn. - d. Jan. 2, 2017, Birmingham, Ala.), governor of Alabama (1968-71).

Brewer, Earl L(eroy) (b. Aug. 11, 1869, near Vaiden, Miss. - d. March 10, 1942, Clarksdale, Miss.), governor of Mississippi (1912-16).

Brewer, Jan, byname of Janice Kay Brewer, née Drinkwine (b. Sept. 26, 1944, Hollywood, Calif.), governor of Arizona (2009-15).

Brewster, Benjamin H(arris) (b. Oct. 13, 1816, Salem, N.J. - d. April 4, 1888, Philadelphia, Pa.), U.S. attorney general (1882-85); son-in-law of Robert J. Walker.

Brewster, (Ralph) Owen (b. Feb. 22, 1888, Dexter, Maine - d. Dec. 25, 1961, Portland, Maine), governor of Maine (1925-29).

Brezhnev

Brezhnev, Leonid (Ilich) (b. Dec. 19, 1906, Kamenskoye, Russia [now Kamyanske, Ukraine] - d. Nov. 10, 1982, Moscow, Russian S.F.S.R.), Soviet Communist Party leader (1964-82). He became a full member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1931. By 1939 he had become a secretary of the party committee of Dnepropetrovsk oblast. During World War II he served as a political commissar in the Red Army. He was first secretary of the party committees of Zaporozhye (1946-47) and Dnepropetrovsk (1947-50) oblasti. In 1950 he was sent to Moldavia as first secretary of the Moldavian Communist Party. In 1952 he became a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU and a candidate member of the Politburo, but he lost those posts after Stalin's death (March 1953). In 1955 he became first secretary of the Kazakhstan Communist Party, and in 1956 he was reelected to his posts on the CPSU Central Committee and the Politburo. A year later, Brezhnev was made a full member of the Politburo, and in 1960 he became chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (titular head of state). In July 1964 he resigned that post to become Nikita Khrushchev's assistant as second secretary of the Central Committee, by which time he was considered Khrushchev's heir apparent as party leader. Three months later, however, he helped lead the coalition that forced Khrushchev from power, and became (Oct. 15, 1964) first secretary of the CPSU (after 1966, general secretary). During the 1970s he attempted to normalize relations between West Germany and the Warsaw Pact and to ease tensions with the United States through the policy known as détente. He was elected chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in June 1977, thus becoming the first person in Soviet history to hold both the leadership of the party and of the state. He retained his hold on power to the end despite his frail health and growing feebleness.

Brezigar, Barbara, née Gregorin (b. Dec. 1, 1953, Ljubljana, Slovenia), justice minister of Slovenia (2000). She was also a presidential candidate (2002) and prosecutor-general (2005-11).

Brezzo (Paredes), Luis (Andrés) (b. March 20, 1939, Montevideo, Uruguay - d. Sept. 20, 2002, Montevideo), defense minister of Uruguay (2000-02). He was also minister of labour and social security (1989-90) and agriculture and fishing (1999-2000).

Brialmont, Mathieu Laurent Joseph (b. Feb. 17, 1789, Seraing, Bishopric of Liége [now in Belgium] - d. April 15, 1885, Antwerp, Belgium), war minister of Belgium (1850-51).

Briand

Briand, Aristide (Pierre Henri) (b. March 28, 1862, Nantes, France - d. March 7, 1932, Paris, France), prime minister (1909-11, 1913, 1915-17, 1921-22, 1925-26, 1929) and foreign minister (1915-17, 1921-22, 1925-26, 1926-32) of France. In 1894 he succeeded in getting the sharply divided French trade unionists to adopt the general strike as a political tactic at a workers' congress at Nantes. After three unsuccessful attempts (1889, 1893, and 1898) to be elected to the Chamber of Deputies, Briand became secretary-general of the Socialist Party in 1901. In 1902 he finally won election as a deputy from the Loire département and remained a member of the chamber until his death. Briand's first great success in government came with his work on the commission that drafted a law of separation of church and state in 1905. This achievement led to his appointment as minister of public instruction and fine arts (1906-08) and worship (1906-11), but his acceptance of a post in a bourgeois cabinet widened his break with Jean Jaurès and other Socialists. He also held the portfolios of justice (1908-09, 1912-13, 1914-15), interior (1909-11, 1913), and defense (interim, 1911). In 1909 he became premier for the first time. His successes were the Pact of Locarno (1925), in which he, Gustav Stresemann of Germany, and Austen Chamberlain of Britain sought to normalize relations between Germany and its former enemies; and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (Aug. 27, 1928), in which 60 nations agreed to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy. His efforts for international cooperation, the League of Nations, and world peace brought him the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1926, which he shared with Stresemann. In December 1930 Briand publicly, and boldly for the times, advocated a federal union of Europe. He finally retired in January 1932, after an unsuccessful campaign for the French presidency in 1931.

Briare, Bill, byname of William H. Briare (b. July 13, 1930, Long Beach, Calif. - d. Dec. 8, 2006), mayor of Las Vegas (1975-87).

Brice, James (b. Aug. 26, 1746, Annapolis, Maryland - d. July 11, 1801), mayor of Annapolis (1782-83, 1788-89) and acting governor of Maryland (1792); son of John Brice.

Brice, John (b. Nov. 4, 1705 - d. Sept. 26, 1766, Charles county, Maryland), mayor of Annapolis (1755-56, 1762-63).

Brice, John, III (b. Sept. 22, 1738, Annapolis, Maryland - d. July 20, 1820, Baltimore, Md.), mayor of Annapolis (1780-81); son of John Brice.

Briceño

Briceño, Johnny, byname of Juan Antonio Briceño, also known as John Briceño (b. July 17, 1960, Orange Walk, British Honduras [now Belize]), prime minister and finance minister of Belize (2020- ). He was also deputy prime minister (1998-2007) and minister of natural resources and environment (1998-2007) and commerce and industry (2000-04).

Briceño (Torrealba), José Gregorio (b. July 25, 1965), governor of Monagas (2004-12).

Briceño Iragorry, Mario (b. Sept. 15, 1897, Trujillo, Trujillo, Venezuela - d. June 6, 1958, Caracas, Venezuela), president of Carabobo (1928) and Bolívar (1943-44). He was also Venezuelan minister to Costa Rica and other Central American countries (1936-41), president of Congress (1945), and ambassador to Colombia (1949-50), besides being a noted writer.

Briceño Linares, Antonio (b. 1913, Carvajal, Trujillo, Venezuela - d. ...), defense minister of Venezuela (1961-64). He was also commander of the air force (1958-61).

Briceño Méndez, Pedro (b. 1792, Barinas, New Granada [now in Venezuela] - d. Dec. 5, 1835, Curaçao, Dutch West Indies), war and navy minister of Colombia (1821-25) and provisional president of Venezuela (1835).

Brick, Martin (b. March 18, 1939, Demmin, Prussia [now in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern], Germany), Regierungsbevollmächtigter of Neubrandenburg district (1990) and Landesbevollmächtigter of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1990).

Bricker, John W(illiam) (b. Sept. 6, 1893, near Mount Sterling, Ohio - d. March 22, 1986, Columbus, Ohio), governor of Ohio (1939-45). He was also Republican vice presidential nominee (1944) and a U.S. senator from Ohio (1947-59).

Bricq, Nicole (b. June 10, 1947, La Rochefoucauld, Charente, France - d. Aug. 6, 2017, Poitiers, Vienne, France), French politician. She was minister of ecology, sustainable development, and energy (2012) and external commerce (2012-14).

Brid (Lasso), Demetrio H(onorato) (b. Dec. 21, 1859, Panama City, Colombia [now in Panama] - d. May 27, 1917, Panama City), president of the Municipal Council of the District of Panama (1903). He was officially recognized as the "Primer Presidente del Estado de Facto" by a 1953 law.

Bridgeman, William Clive Bridgeman, (1st) Viscount (b. Dec. 31, 1864, London, England - d. Aug. 14, 1935, Leigh Manor, near Minsterley, Shropshire, England), British home secretary (1922-24) and first lord of the Admiralty (1924-29). He was also chairman of the British Broadcasting Corporation (1935). He was created viscount in 1929.

Bridges, Frank, byname of Albert Francis Barclay Bridges (b. Jan. 23, 1895, India - d. Jan. 6, 1994, Lyme Regis, Dorset, England), senior resident of British Cameroons (1945-49).

Bridges, Harry, originally Alfred Bryant Renton Bridges (b. July 28, 1901, Kensington, near Melbourne, Vic. - d. March 30, 1990, San Francisco, Calif.), president of the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (1937-77).

Bridges, (Henry) Styles (b. Sept. 9, 1898, West Pembroke, Maine - d. Nov. 26, 1961, Concord, N.H.), governor of New Hampshire (1935-37) and president pro tempore of the United States Senate (1953-55).

Bridges, Sir (George) Tom (Molesworth) (b. Aug. 20, 1871, Eltham, Kent, England - d. Nov. 26, 1939, Brighton, Sussex, England), governor of South Australia (1922-27); knighted 1919.

Bridoux, Eugène (Marie Louis) (b. June 24, 1888, Doulon, Loire-Inférieure [now Loire-Atlantique], France - d. June 6, 1955, Madrid, Spain), war minister of France (1942-44).

Brieba Arán, Luis (Felipe) (b. May 18, 1870, Copiapó, Chile - d. May 21, 1945, Santiago, Chile), war and marine minister of Chile (1924).

Brière, Ernest (Albert) (b. Dec. 16, 1848, Lieurey, Eure, France - d. Nov. 26, 1904, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France), resident-superior of Tonkin (1889-91) and Annam (1891-97).

Brière de l'Isle, Louis (Alexandre Esprit Gaston) (b. June 4, 1827, Le François, Martinique - d. June 17, 1896, Saint-Leu-Taverny, Seine-et-Oise [now Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, Val-d'Oise], France), governor of Senegal (1876-80).

Briey, Camille, comte de, baron de Landres (b. June 28, 1799, Ruette, France [now in Belgium] - d. June 3, 1877, Laclaireau castle, near Virton, Belgium), finance minister (1841) and foreign minister (1841-43) of Belgium. He was also minister to the German Confederation (1843-53) and Russia (1853-55).

Briggs, Ansel (b. Feb. 3, 1806, Shoreham, Vt. - d. May 5, 1881, Omaha, Neb.), governor of Iowa (1846-50).

Briggs, Frank A(rlington) (b. Sept. 16, 1858, Minneapolis, Minn. - d. Aug. 8, 1898, Bismarck, N.D.), governor of North Dakota (1897-98).

Briggs, George N(ixon) (b. April 12, 1796, Adams, Mass. - d. Sept. 11, 1861, Pittsfield, Mass.), governor of Massachusetts (1844-51).

Brigham, Paul (b. Jan. 6, 1746, Coventry, Connecticut - d. June 15, 1824, Norwich, Vt.), acting governor of Vermont (1797).

Bright, John (b. Nov. 16, 1811, Rochdale, Lancashire, England - d. March 27, 1889, Rochdale), British politician. He was president of the Board of Trade (1868-71) and chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1873-74, 1880-82).

Bright, Richard S.S. (b. Dec. 19, 1907, Monrovia, Liberia - d. ...), Liberian diplomat. He was permanent representative to the United Nations (1952-55).

Brilej, Joze, byname Bolko (b. Oct. 1, 1910, Planina, Austria [now in Slovenia] - d. May 8, 1981, Ljubljana, Slovenia), Yugoslav diplomat. He was ambassador to the United Kingdom (1950-52) and Egypt (1952-53, 1961-63) and permanent representative to the United Nations (1954-58).

Brilhante, Félix de Azambuja (b. Feb. 3, 1891 - d. Nov. 2?, 1968), governor of Fernando de Noronha (1944-45).

Brill, Hermann (Louis) (b. Feb. 9, 1895, Gräfenroda, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha [now in Thüringen], Germany - d. June 22, 1959, Wiesbaden, Hessen, West Germany), president of the government of Thüringen (1945).

Brin, Benedetto (b. May 17, 1833, Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia [now in Italy] - d. May 24, 1898, Rome, Italy), foreign minister of Italy (1892-93). He was also navy minister (1876-78, 1878, 1884-91, 1892, 1896-98).

Brin, Frants (Abramovich) (b. 1761 - d. Feb. 23, 1844, Moscow, Russia), governor of Smolensk (1805-07), Tomsk (1808-10), and Tobolsk (1810-21).

Brincat, Joseph, byname Joe Brincat (b. March 22, 1944, Gzira, Malta - d. Aug. 2, 2024), justice (and lands, housing, and parliamentary affairs) minister of Malta (1979-81).

Brincat, Leo (b. Sept. 26, 1949, Malta), finance minister of Malta (1997-98). He was also minister of commerce (1996-98) and sustainable development, environment, and climate change (2013-16).

Brinckman, Carl Gustaf friherre von (b. Feb. 24, 1764, Nacka, Stockholm county, Sweden - d. Dec. 25, 1847, Stockholm, Sweden), Swedish diplomat; cousin of Gustaf Anton af Brinkman. He was minister to Prussia (1807-08) and the United Kingdom (1808-10). He was made friherre (baron) in 1835.

Brinegar, Claude S(tout), original name Claude Rawles Stout (b. Dec. 16, 1926, Rockport, Calif. - d. March 13, 2009, Palo Alto, Calif.), U.S. secretary of transportation (1973-75).

Brink, Jan van den, byname of Johannes Roelof Maria van den Brink (b. April 12, 1915, Laren, Noord-Holland, Netherlands - d. July 19, 2006, Hilversum, Noord-Holland), economic affairs minister of the Netherlands (1948-52).

Brinkhorst, Laurens Jan (b. March 18, 1937, Zwolle, Netherlands), a deputy prime minister of the Netherlands (2005-06). He was also European ambassador to Japan (1982-87) and minister of agriculture, nature management, and fisheries (1999-2002) and economic affairs (2003-06).

Brinkman, Gustaf Anton af, until 1817 Gustaf Anton von Brinckman (b. Feb. 8, 1760 - d. June 5, 1822, Copenhagen, Denmark), governor of Blekinge (1813-22).

Briones (Rojas), Ignacio (b. Dec. 12, 1972, Santiago, Chile), finance minister of Chile (2019-21).

Briones Dávila, Juan (Abraham) (b. Aug. 24, 1937, Lima, Peru), interior minister of Peru (1991-97).

Briones Luco, Ramón (b. July 6, 1872, Chimbarongo, Chile - d. Aug. 16, 1949, Santiago, Chile), foreign minister of Chile (1924). He was also minister to industry, public works, and railways (1918) and president of the Chamber of Deputies (1918-20).

Briones Olivos, Carlos (Octavio) (b. June 9, 1914, Bulnes, Chile - d. Jan. 19, 2000), interior minister of Chile (1973).

Brisbane, Sir Thomas Makdougall, (1st) Baronet, original name Thomas Brisbane (b. July 23, 1773, Brisbane House, near Largs, Ayrshire, Scotland - d. Jan. 27, 1860, Brisbane House), governor of New South Wales (1821-25). He was knighted in 1814, added Makdougall to his name in 1826, and was created a baronet in 1836. The capital of Queensland is named after him.

Briscoe, Dolph, (Jr.) (b. April 23, 1923, Uvalde, Texas - d. June 27, 2010, Uvalde), governor of Texas (1973-79).

Brisset, André (b. Aug. 8, 1808, Angers, France - d. ...), commandant-particular of Gabon (1844-46, 1847-48), commandant of Sainte-Marie de Madagascar (1850-51) and Nossi-Bé (1853-54), and acting commandant-superior of Mayotte (1853-54).

Brisson, (Eugène) Henri (b. July 31, 1835, Bourges, France - d. April 14, 1912, Paris, France), prime minister of France (1885-86, 1898). He was also minister of justice (1885-86) and interior (1898) and chairman of the Chamber of Deputies (1881-85, 1894-98, 1904-05, 1906-12).

Bristol, George William Hervey, (2nd) Earl of (b. Aug. 3, 1721 - d. March 18, 1775, Bath, Somerset, England), lord lieutenant of Ireland (1766-67); son of John Hervey, Baron Hervey of Ickworth. He was also British minister to Sardinia (1755-58), ambassador to Spain (1758-61), and lord privy seal (1768-70). He succeeded as (3rd) Baron Hervey of Ickworth in 1743 and as Earl of Bristol in 1751.

Bristow, Benjamin H(elm) (b. June 20, 1832, Elkton, Ky. - d. June 22, 1896, New York City), U.S. solicitor general (1870-72) and secretary of the treasury (1874-76).

Brito, Antonio Elisiario de Miranda e (b. 1786, Lisbon, Portugal - d. Oct. 22, 1858), president of Rio Grande do Sul (1836, 1837-39).

Brito, Camillo Augusto Maria de (b. 1842, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil - d. 1924), president of Goiás (1884).

Brito, Carlos (Eugénio Pereira de) (b. Nov. 19, 1935, Porto, Portugal), defense minister of Portugal (1990). He was also governor of Porto (1985-87).

Brito, Felizardo Toscano de (b. 1814, Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil - d. Nov. 29, 1876, Paraíba [now João Pessoa], Paraíba), acting president of Paraíba (1864, 1865-66).

Brito, Gratuliano da Costa (b. Sept. 6, 1905, São João do Cariri, Paraíba, Brazil - d. Jan. 28, 1982, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), federal interventor in Paraíba (1932-34).

Brito, Joaquim Marcelino de (b. June 2, 1799, São Salvador da Bahia [now Salvador], Brazil - d. Jan. 26, 1879), principal minister of Brazil (1846-47). He was also president of Sergipe (1831-33) and Pernambuco (1844) and president of the Chamber of Deputies (1840-41).

J. Brito

Brito, José (b. March 19, 1944, Dakar, Senegal), foreign minister of Cape Verde (2008-11). He was also ambassador to the United States, Canada, and Mexico (2001-06) and minister of economy, growth, and competitiveness (2006-08).

Brito, José Accioli de (b. 1852 - d. July 1889, aboard the La Plata en route from France to Brazil), president of Goiás (1884-85).

Brito, José Antonio Alves de, acting president of Minas Gerais (1884, 1885).

Brito, José Inácio Xavier de (b. Dec. 4, 1845, Goiás, Goiás, Brazil - d. Jan. 7, 1910, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), acting president of Goiás (1893-95).

Brito, Laurindo Abelardo de (b. Sept. 8, 1827, Montevideo, United Provinces of the Río de la Plata [now in Uruguay] - d. April 8, 1885, São Paulo, Brazil), president of São Paulo (1879-81).

Brito (Checchi), Mariano (Romeo) (b. Jan. 24, 1930 - d. Jan. 31, 2014), defense minister of Uruguay (1990-93).

Brito, Paulo José de Mello Azevedo e (b. 1779, São Salvador da Bahia [now Salvador], Brazil - d. Sept. 25, 1848, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), president of Bahia (1840-41).

Brito Martínez, Andrés (Eduardo) (b. Oct. 13, 1935), defense minister of Venezuela (1984-86).

Britos, Oraldo (Norvel) (b. Aug. 24, 1933, Villa Mercedes, San Luis province, Argentina - d. Sept. 7, 2023, Buenos Aires, Argentina), labour minister of Argentina (2001).

Brittan

Brittan of Spennithorne, Leon Brittan, Baron (b. Sept. 25, 1939, London, England - d. Jan. 21, 2015, London), British politician. After two unsuccessful attempts to enter Parliament he became member for the Yorkshire constituency of Cleveland and Whitby in 1974. He was appointed minister of state at the Home Office when the Conservatives won power in 1979. Two years later he joined the cabinet as chief secretary to the Treasury. He was the youngest member of the cabinet formed after the June 1983 election. Appointed home secretary at the age of 43, he was the youngest to hold that office since Winston Churchill in 1910-11. He found himself somewhat uneasily poised between the reformist tradition of the old Conservative Party and the monetarists of the new right. In economics he was a convinced monetarist; as home secretary his instincts were for humane and rational reforms, which set him apart from the simplistic prejudices of some of the Tory right wing. Nevertheless, when the Commons debated (and rejected) restoration of capital punishment, favoured by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher among other Conservatives, his equivocal stance disappointed abolitionists. In 1985 he was appointed secretary of state for trade and industry. After four months, however, he was forced to resign. He was engaged in a battle with Michael Heseltine, the defense secretary, over a small, ailing helicopter company, Westland PLC. The issue was trivial but was inflated into a row that at one point threatened Thatcher's government. Heseltine was forced to resign in January 1986 - followed later that month by Brittan's resignation. On Thatcher's nomination he was knighted (1989) and became a member (for competition 1989-93, trade 1993-99, and external relations with North America and certain Pacific Rim countries 1995-99) and a vice president (1989-93, 1995-99) of the European Commission. In 2000 he was created a life peer.

Britto, Antônio, Filho (b. July 1, 1952, Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), governor of Rio Grande do Sul (1995-99). He was also Brazilian minister of social welfare (1992-93).

Briz

Brizan

Briz Abularach, Jorge (b. Sept. 27, 1955, Guatemala City), foreign minister of Guatemala (2004-06).

Brizan, George (Ignatius) (b. Oct. 31, 1942, Windsor Forest, Grenada - d. Feb. 18, 2012, St. George's, Grenada), prime minister of Grenada (1995). He was minister of agriculture (1984-87, 1992-95), education and culture (1987-88), finance (1990-92), and trade and industry (1990-95).

Brizola

Brizola, Leonel (de Moura) (b. Jan. 22, 1922, Carazinho, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - d. June 21, 2004, Rio de Janeiro), governor of Rio Grande do Sul (1959-63) and Rio de Janeiro (1983-87, 1991-94); brother-in-law of João Goulart. In 1947 he won a seat in the Rio Grande do Sul state legislature for the Brazilian Labor Party, which he had joined two years earlier. He rose quickly through the party ranks and in 1954 was elected to the federal congress. One year later he was elected mayor of Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. In 1958 he won the state's gubernatorial race and during his four-year tenure expropriated - without compensation - U.S.-owned utility companies. In 1962 he was again elected to the lower house Chamber of Deputies, this time for the state of Guanabara (now part of Rio de Janeiro). In 1964, the armed forces overthrew leftist president Goulart; he and Brizola went into exile. Brizola, one of Brazil's most skilled public speakers, was widely viewed as Goulart's successor in the presidential elections scheduled for 1965, and some observers said he was the real target of the coup, which ushered in a military dictatorship that lasted 21 years. Brizola organized the so-called "Groups of 11," armed cells designed to resist the dictatorship. After living in Uruguay, the U.S., and Portugal, he returned to Brazil in 1979, when Pres. João Figueiredo signed an amnesty law. He quickly returned to politics, founding the Democratic Labor Party and getting elected as governor of Rio de Janeiro in 1982 and 1990. He ran for president in 1989, but was narrowly edged out from the runoff by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Brizola took another stab at the presidency in 1994 and lost and in 1998 was Lula's running mate in an election won by Fernando Henrique Cardoso. He ran for mayor of Rio de Janeiro in 2000 but got just 9% of the vote.

Brizuela (Boillat) de Ávila, María Eugenia (de Ávila by marriage), byname Mayu Brizuela (b. Oct. 31, 1956, San Salvador, El Salvador), foreign minister of El Salvador (1999-2004).

Brizuela del Moral, Eduardo (Segundo) (b. Aug. 20, 1944, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina - d. Aug. 25, 2021, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca), governor of Catamarca (2003-11).

Brnabic

Brnabic, Ana (b. Sept. 28, 1975, Belgrade, Serbia), prime minister of Serbia (2017-24). She has also been minister of public administration and local government (2016-17) and president of the National Assembly (2024- ). She was Eastern Europe's first openly gay or lesbian head of government.

E. Broadbent

Broadbent, (John) Edward (b. March 21, 1936, Oshawa, Ont. - d. Jan. 11, 2024), leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (1975-89). He was elected to parliament in 1968 where he served until he resigned in 1989. Under his leadership the NDP made modest gains as Canada's third party. From 1978 to 1982 he was also vice president of the Socialist International.

Broadbent, Sir Edward Nicholson (b. May 5, 1875, Simla [now Shimla, Himachal Pradesh], India - d. June 18, 1944), lieutenant governor of Guernsey (1934-39); knighted 1937.

Broadley, Sir Herbert (b. Nov. 23, 1892 - d. June 2, 1983), acting director-general of the Food and Agriculture Organization (1956); knighted 1947. He entered the civil service in 1912 and served in the Military Department of the India Office from then until 1920. From 1920 he served in the Board of Trade but he resigned from the civil service in 1926. In 1939 he joined the Ministry of Food becoming a deputy secretary in 1941 and a second secretary in 1945. He was leader of the U.K. delegations to the international wheat conferences of 1947 and 1948. From 1948 to 1958 he was deputy director-general of the FAO, and he was also representative in Britain of UNICEF.

Broberg

Broberg, Pele (b. 1972, Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland), finance minister (2018) and foreign minister (2021) of Greenland. He has also been minister of industry, trade, and climate (2021- ).

Brochard, Victor (Jean) (b. Feb. 20, 1876, Lille, France - d. 19...), resident of Wallis and Futuna (1909-11, 1912-14) and interim governor of Réunion (1919-20).

Brock, William E(merson, III), byname Bill Brock (b. Nov. 23, 1930, Chattanooga, Tenn. - d. March 25, 2021, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.), chairman of the Republican National Committee (1977-81) and U.S. trade representative (1981-85) and labor secretary (1985-87).

Brockdorff-Rantzau

Brockdorff-Rantzau, Ulrich Graf von (count of) (b. May 29, 1869, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia - d. Sept. 8, 1928, Berlin, Germany), foreign minister of Germany (1918-19). In 1894 he entered the diplomatic service and in 1909 he was appointed consul-general at Budapest. As German minister in Copenhagen (1912-18), he supported the Danish policy of neutrality during World War I and was able to maintain German-Danish trade. In the later stages of the war he was widely regarded as the coming leader of German foreign policy, but his services were not called upon until, after the collapse, he was appointed foreign minister in the revolutionary government in December 1918, a post in which he was confirmed when, after the meeting of the National Assembly at Weimar in February 1919, the first republican government emerged. At the Paris peace conference he argued in vain for better conditions of peace for Germany. Unable to dissuade his government from ratifying the Treaty of Versailles, he resigned his post as foreign minister in June 1919. In 1922 he became the first German ambassador to the Soviet Union, where he and Soviet statesman Georgy Chicherin worked to consolidate the German-Soviet rapprochement inaugurated by the Treaty of Rapallo. The German-Soviet Treaty of Berlin (April 1926) counterbalanced the Locarno Pact of 1925, which had seemed to link Germany too closely with the Western powers.

Brocklehurst, George James (b. Sept. 25, 1906, Christchurch, N.Z. - d. Sept. 5, 1987, Auckland, N.Z.), high commissioner of the Cook Islands (1972-74).

Brockman, Sir Edward Lewis (b. June 29, 1865 - d. Jan. 10, 1943), British resident in Pahang (1909-10) and chief secretary of the Federated Malay States (1911-20); knighted 1913.

Brocx, Lodewijk Gerard (b. Dec. 31, 1819, The Hague, Netherlands - d. Dec. 2, 1880, The Hague), acting war minister of the Netherlands (1871-72, 1873). He was also minister of the navy (1868-73) and colonies (acting, 1870-71).

Brodeur, Louis-Philippe, baptized Louis-Joseph-Alexandre (b. Aug. 21, 1862, Beloil, Canada East [now Que.] - d. Jan. 2, 1924, Sillery [now part of Québec], Que.), lieutenant governor of Quebec (1923-24).

Bródi, Gábor (b. May 8, 1953, Vértes, Hungary), Hungarian diplomat. He was permanent representative to the United Nations (2005-09).

Brodie, Alexander O(swald) (b. Nov. 13, 1849, Edwards, N.Y. - d. May 10, 1918, Haddonfield, N.J.), governor of Arizona (1902-05).

Brodin, Gunnar (b. June 1, 1931, Östersund, Jämtland, Sweden - d. Dec. 24, 2009), governor of Norrbotten (1992-95).

Brodjonegoro, Bambang (Permadi Soemantri) (b. Oct. 3, 1966, Jakarta, Indonesia), finance minister of Indonesia (2014-16). He was also minister of national development planning (2016-19) and research and technology (2019-21).

Broek, Hans van den (b. Dec. 11, 1936, Paris, France), foreign minister of the Netherlands (1982-93). He was also European commissioner for common foreign and security policy (1993-99), external political relations (1993-95), and external relations with certain European and Asian countries (1995-99).

Broek, Johannes van den (b. Oct. 26, 1882, Haarlem, Netherlands - d. Oct. 22, 1946, Wassenaar, Netherlands), finance minister of the Netherlands (1942-45). He was also acting minister of trade, industry, and agriculture (1944-45).

Broek, Samuel Bartholomeus van den (b. 17... - d. Oct. 11, 1817), commander of Aruba (1806-...) and Bonaire (1815-17).

Broek-Laman Trip, Nicoline (Hobbine) van den (b. July 19, 1937, Eindhoven), acting queen's commissioner of Gelderland (1990-91).

Broekers-Knol, Ankie, byname of Anneke Broekers-Knol (b. Nov. 23, 1946, Leiden, Netherlands), Dutch politician. She was chairman of the First Chamber (2013-19).

Brofoss, Erik (b. June 21, 1908, Kongsberg, Norway - d. May 6, 1979, Oslo, Norway), finance minister of Norway (1945-47). He was also minister of trade and shipping (1947-54) and chief of the central bank (1954-70).

Brogden, Curtis H(ooks) (b. Nov. 6, 1816, near Goldsboro, N.C. - d. Jan. 5, 1901, Goldsboro), governor of North Carolina (1874-77).

Brogli

Brogli, Roland (b. June 11, 1951, Zeiningen, Aargau, Switzerland - d. June 12, 2017), Landammann of Aargau (2004-05, 2009-10, 2014).

Broglie, Achille Charles Léonce Victor, (3e) duc de (b. Nov. 28, 1785, Paris, France - d. Jan. 25, 1870, Paris), foreign minister (1832-34, 1835-36) and prime minister (1835-36) of France. He was also interior minister (1830), minister of public instruction and worship and minister presiding the Council of State (1830), and ambassador to the United Kingdom (1847-48).

Broglie, (Jacques Victor) Albert, (4e) duc de (b. June 13, 1821, Paris, France - d. Jan. 19, 1901, Paris), foreign minister (1873) and prime minister (1873-74, 1877) of France; son of Achille Charles Léonce Victor, duc de Broglie. He was also ambassador to the United Kingdom (1871-72), interior minister (1873-74), and justice minister (1877).

Broich-Oppert, Georg von (b. Oct. 24, 1897, Berlin, Germany - d. Oct. 5, 1979, Bonn, West Germany), West German diplomat. He was minister (1951-55) and ambassador (1955-56) to Norway, permanent observer to the United Nations (1956-58), and ambassador to Turkey (1959-62).

Brok, Pyotr (Fyodorovich) (b. Sept. 1 [Aug. 20, O.S.], 1805, Moscow, Russia - d. Feb. 11 [Jan. 30, O.S.], 1875, St. Petersburg, Russia), finance minister of Russia (1852-58).

Broka, Baiba (b. Oct. 2, 1975, Madona, Latvian S.S.R.), justice minister of Latvia (2014).

Brokaj, Sabit (b. Jan. 7, 1942, Vlorë, Albania - d. Sept. 13, 2020), defense minister of Albania (1997-98). He was also minister of health (1991).

Brolo

Brolo (Vila), Pedro (b. 1981), foreign minister of Guatemala (2020-22).

Broman, Carl (b. Oct. 3, 1703 - d. April 17, 1784, Veckholm socken, Uppsala, Sweden), governor of Älvsborg (1749-51) and Stockholm (1751-62).

Bromet, Sir Geoffrey Rhodes (b. Aug. 28, 1891 - d. Nov. 16, 1983), lieutenant governor of the Isle of Man (1945-52); knighted 1945.

Bromley, Sir Robert, (6th) Baronet (b. Jan. 4, 1874 - d. May 13, 1906, Saint Christopher), administrator of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1904-06); son-in-law of Julian Pauncefote, Baron Pauncefote. He succeeded as baronet in 1905.

Brøndum, Erling (b. July 11, 1930, Århus [now Aarhus], Denmark - d. Aug. 4, 2017, Birkerød, Denmark), defense minister of Denmark (1973-75).

Bronevich, Valentina (Tadeyevna) (b. Jan. 25, 1956), chairman of the Executive Committee (1987-90) and governor (1996-2000) of Koryakia autonomous okrug.

Broniewski, Bohdan (b. 1855, Opatkowice, Poland - d. Oct. 4, 1922, Warsaw, Poland), acting prime minister of Poland (1918, 1918). He was also minister of industry (1918).

Brons, Johannes Cornelis (b. Aug. 6, 1884, The Hague, Netherlands - d. May 12, 1964, The Hague), acting governor-general (1935-36, 1938-39) and governor-general (1944-48) of Dutch Guiana. He was also chairman of the Staten (parliament) in 1930-35.

Bronzetti

Bronzetti, Denise (b. Dec. 12, 1972, San Marino, San Marino), captain-regent of San Marino (2012-13).

C.J. Brooke

C.V. Brooke

J. Brooke

Brooke, Sir Charles (Anthoni) Johnson, original name (until 1852) Charles Anthoni Johnson (b. June 3, 1829, Berrow Vicarage, near Burnham, Somerset, England - d. May 17, 1917, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, England), rajah of Sarawak (1868-1917); knighted 1888; nephew of Sir James Brooke.

Brooke, Sir Charles Vyner (de Windt) (b. Sept. 26, 1874, London, England - d. May 9, 1963, London), rajah of Sarawak (1917-46); knighted 1927; son of Sir Charles Johnson Brooke.

Brooke, Sir James (b. April 29, 1803, Benares [now Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh], India - d. June 11, 1868, Burrator House, near Sheepstor village, Devon, England), governor (1841-42) and rajah (1842-68) of Sarawak and governor of Labuan (1847-52); knighted 1848.

Brooke, Robert (b. 1761, Spotsylvania county, Virginia - d. Feb. 27, 1800, Fredericksburg, Va.), governor of Virginia (1794-96).

Brooke of Cumnor, Henry Brooke, Baron (b. April 9, 1903, Oxford, England - d. March 29, 1984, Mildenhall, Wiltshire, England), British politician. He entered Parliament in 1938 as a Conservative. He lost his seat in 1945 but was later adopted as candidate for Hampstead, returned to the House of Commons in 1950, and remained there until 1966, when he was made a life peer. Brooke's first ministerial appointment was in 1954, when he became financial secretary to the Treasury, and three years later he joined the cabinet as minister of housing and local government. There he was responsible for carrying through his predecessor's Rent Bill which was strongly criticized as being biased against tenants and in favour of landlords. In 1961 Brooke assumed the newly created post of chief secretary to the Treasury and a year later became home secretary (1962-64). A hardliner, he was a controversial figure who had to face strong opposition in Parliament, where his debating skills were not always effective. His decision to deport Chief Anthony Enahoro to face a treason charge in Nigeria, and his attitude on immigration made him the target of attack by liberals. Defeated in the 1966 general election, he later took an active role in the House of Lords. He was made a privy councillor in 1955 and a Companion of Honour in 1964.

Brooke of Sutton Mandeville, Peter (Leonard) Brooke, Baron (b. March 3, 1934, London, England - d. May 13, 2023, Wiltshire, England), British politician; son of Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor. He was paymaster-general (1987-89) and secretary of state for Northern Ireland (1989-92) and national heritage (1992-94). He was made a life peer in 2001.

Brooke-Popham, Sir (Henry) Robert (Moore) (b. Sept. 18, 1878, Mendlesham, Hartismere, Suffolk, England - d. Oct. 20, 1953, Wendover, Buckinghamshire, England), governor of Kenya (1937-39); knighted 1927. His original surname was Brooke, but he added Popham in 1904 by royal warrant in memory of an admired ancestor.

Brooks, Bryant B(utler) (b. Feb. 5, 1861, Bernardston, Mass. - d. Dec. 8, 1944, Casper, Wyo.), governor of Wyoming (1905-11).

Brooks, Sir (Reginald Alexander) Dallas (b. Aug. 22, 1896, Cambridge, England - d. March 22, 1966, Frankston, Melbourne, Vic.), governor of Victoria (1949-63) and acting governor-general of Australia (1961); knighted 1948. He was also commandant-general of the (British) Royal Marines (1946-49).

Brooks, Eddie, byname of Edward Charles Brooks (d. 1994), administrator of Tristan da Cunha (1978-81).

Brooks, John (b. May 4, 1752, Medford, Massachusetts Bay [now Mass.] - d. March 1, 1825, Medford), governor of Massachusetts (1816-23).

Brooks, Mary (Elizabeth Thomas Peavey), née Thomas (b. Nov. 1, 1907, Colby, Kan. - d. Feb. 11, 2002, Twin Falls, Idaho), director of the U.S. Mint (1969-77). In Washington, D.C., where her father was serving as a U.S. senator from Idaho, she met Illinois Sen. C. Wayland "Curly" Brooks (1897-1957), whom she married in 1945. After Brooks left the Senate in 1948, the couple moved to Chicago. She became an Illinois Republican National Committee woman and in 1960 was elected vice chairwoman of the National Committee. In 1963, she returned to Idaho where she was appointed to the state Senate. She returned to Washington in 1969 after she was chosen U.S. Mint director by Pres. Richard Nixon. She was responsible for the historic changing of the faces on the dollar to Eisenhower, the half-dollar to Kennedy, and the flip side of the quarter to the Bicentennial motif.

Brooks, Ralph (Gilmour) (b. July 6, 1898, Eustis, Neb. - d. Sept. 9, 1960, Lincoln, Neb.), governor of Nebraska (1959-60).

Brooks-Randolph

Brooks-Randolph, Angie (Elizabeth), née Brooks (b. Aug. 24, 1916, Virginia, Liberia - d. Sept. 9, 2007, Houston, Texas), president of the UN General Assembly (1969-70). She was also Liberia's permanent representative to the United Nations (1975-78).

Broome, Sir Frederick Napier (b. Nov. 18, 1842, Canada - d. Nov. 26, 1896, London, England), governor of Mauritius (1878-79 [acting], 1880-83), Western Australia (1883-89), and Trinidad and Tobago (1891-96); knighted 1884.

Broome, James E(milius) (b. Dec. 15, 1808, Hamburg, S.C. - d. Nov. 23, 1883, DeLand, Fla.), governor of Florida (1853-57).

Broqueville, Charles (Marie Pierre Albert), baron (from 1920, comte) de (b. Dec. 4, 1860, Postel, near Mol, Belgium - d. Sept. 5, 1940, Brussels, Belgium), prime minister (1911-18, 1932-34) and foreign minister (1917-18) of Belgium. He was also minister of railways, posts, and telegraphs (1910-12), war (1912, 1912-17), and reconstruction (1918) and was responsible for the Belgian mobilization on the eve of World War I in 1914. He headed the government in exile during the war. He resigned the premiership in December 1917 when it became known that, without informing his cabinet, he had taken part in a negotiation for a separate peace with Austria-Hungary. He subsequently held various ministerial appointments, including interior (1918-19) and national defense (1926-31), and finally was again prime minister at the head of a Catholic-Liberal coalition.

Brorsen, Søren (b. July 1, 1875, Nørre Farup, near Ribe, Denmark - d. Feb. 17, 1961, Copenhagen, Denmark), defense minister of Denmark (1922-24, 1926-29, 1940-45).

Brosio

Brosio, Manlio (Giovanni) (b. July 10, 1897, Turin, Italy - d. March 14, 1980, Turin), secretary-general of NATO (1964-71). Brosio opposed fascism as a member of the Liberal Party, and after Benito Mussolini's fall in 1943 he joined the clandestine resistance to German occupation. During the postwar coalition governments of Ivanoe Bonomi and Alcide De Gasperi, he was secretary of the Liberal Party until becoming ambassador to Moscow (1947-51). He then served successively as ambassador to London (1952-55), Washington (1955-61), and Paris (1961-64). As NATO secretary-general he was profoundly concerned by France's decision to withdraw its forces from the organization and faced additional problems when the U.S.S.R. invaded Czechoslovakia. In 1972 he was elected senator for Turin.

Brossard (de Souza Pinto), Paulo (b. Oct. 23, 1924, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - d. April 12, 2015, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul), justice minister of Brazil (1986-89). He was also president of the Superior Electoral Court (1992-93).

Brossard de Corbigny, Jules (Marcel) (b. April 14, 1841, Orléans, France - d. Dec. 16, 1934, Meung-sur-Loire, Loiret, France), acting French representative in Cambodia (1870-71).

Brot

Brot, Jean-Jacques (b. Jan. 27, 1956, Paris, France), prefect of Mayotte (2002-05) and Guadeloupe (2006-07) and high commissioner of New Caledonia (2013-14). He has also been prefect of the départements of Deux-Sèvres (2005-06), Eure-et-Loir (2007-10), Vendée (2010-11), Finistère (2011-13), and Yvelines (2018- ).

Brotchi, Jacques, (baron) (b. Aug. 11, 1942, Liége [now Liège], Belgium), Belgian politician. He was chairman of the Senate (2018-19). He was created baron in 2007.

Brotero, João Dabney de Avellar (b. Dec. 24, 1826, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - d. Sept. 1, 1859, São Paulo, Brazil), president of Sergipe (1857-59).

Brotherson

Brotherson, Moetai (Charles) (b. Oct. 22, 1969, Papeete, French Polynesia), president of French Polynesia (2023- ).

Brouckère, Charles de (b. Oct. 6, 1757, Torhout, Austrian Netherlands [now Belgium] - d. April 3, 1850, Bruges, Belgium), governor of Limburg (1815-28).

Brouckère, Charles Marie (Joseph Ghislain) de (b. Jan. 18, 1796, Bruges, France [now in Belgium] - d. April 20, 1860, Brussels, Belgium), cabinet chief (1831, 1832), finance minister (1831), interior minister (1831), and war minister (1831-32) of Belgium; son of Charles de Brouckère. He was also mayor of Brussels (1848-60).

Brouckère, Henri (Ghislain Joseph Marie) de (b. Jan. 25, 1801, Bruges, France [now in Belgium] - d. Jan. 25, 1891, Brussels, Belgium), cabinet chief and foreign minister of Belgium (1852-55); brother of Charles Marie de Brouckère. He was also governor of Antwerp (1840-44) and Liége (1844-46) and ambassador to the Papal State (1850).

Brough, Charles H(illman) (b. July 9, 1876, Clinton, Miss. - d. Dec. 26, 1935, Washington, D.C.), governor of Arkansas (1917-21).

Brough, John (b. Sept. 17, 1811, Marietta, Ohio - d. Aug. 29, 1865, Cleveland, Ohio), governor of Ohio (1864-65).

Brougham and Vaux, Henry (Peter) Brougham, (1st) Baron (b. Sept. 19, 1778, Edinburgh, Scotland - d. May 7, 1868, Cannes, France), British lord chancellor (1830-34). He was created baron in 1830.

Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse, (1st) Baron (b. June 27, 1786, Redland, Gloucestershire [now part of Bristol], England - d. June 3, 1869, London, England), British secretary at war (1832-33). He was also chief secretary for Ireland (1833), commissioner of woods and forests (1834), and president of the Board of Control (1835-41, 1846-52). He succeeded as (2nd) Baronet in 1831 and was created Baron Broughton in 1851.

Broughton, Joseph M(elville) (b. Nov. 17, 1888, Raleigh, N.C. - d. March 6, 1949, Washington, D.C.), governor of North Carolina (1941-45). He was also a U.S. senator from North Carolina (1948-49).

Broulis

Broulis, Pascal (b. April 3, 1965, Sainte-Croix, Vaud, Switzerland), president of the Council of State of Vaud (2006, 2007-12).

Broun, Graf Yury (Yuryevich), English George Browne (b. June 15, 1698, Limerick, Ireland - d. Sept. 29 [Sept. 18, O.S.], 1792, Riga, Russia [now in Latvia]), governor-general of Riga (1762-92); son-in-law of Graf Pyotr Lassi. He was made Graf (count) in 1774.

Brovikov, Vladimir (Ignatyevich) (b. May 12, 1931, Vetka, Gomel oblast, Belorussian S.S.R. - d. Feb. 10, 1992, Moscow, Russia), chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Belorussian S.S.R. (1983-86). He was also Soviet ambassador to Poland (1986-90).

A. Brovko

Brovtsev

Brovko, Anatoly (Grigoryevich) (b. Aug. 22, 1966, Dnepropetrovsk oblast, Ukrainian S.S.R.), head of the administration of Volgograd oblast (2010-12).

Brovko, Fyodor (Grigoryevich) (b. May 16 [May 3, O.S.], 1904, Popenki, Bessarabia, Russia [now Popencu, Moldova] - d. Jan. 24, 1960, Kishinev, Moldavian S.S.R. [now Chisinau, Moldova]), chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian A.S.S.R. (1938-40) and the Moldavian S.S.R. (1940