From Normandy to Windsor
The Normans The Plantagenets The Lancastrians The Yorkists The Tudors The Stuarts The Hanoverians The Windsors 1027 August 6: Robert I ascends the dukedom of Normandy 1028 William of Normandy is born to Robert I, Duke of Normandy and Herleva of Falaise 1031 Matilda of Flanders is born to Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and…
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Rebecca Starr Brown
The Normans

The Plantagenets

The Lancastrians

The Yorkists

The Tudors

The Stuarts

The Hanoverians

The Windsors

1027

August 6: Robert I ascends the dukedom of Normandy

1028

William of Normandy is born to Robert I, Duke of Normandy and Herleva of Falaise

1031

Matilda of Flanders is born to Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and Adela of France

1035

January: Robert I, Duke of Normandy orders Norman magnates to swear fealty to William of Normandy

July: Robert I, Duke of Normandy dies at Nicea; William II ascends the dukedom of Normandy

1037 – 1047: Anarchy in Normandy

1049

Marriage between William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders is proposed

October: Pope Leo IX forbids the marriage of William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1051

William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders are married

Edward the Confessor, King of England chooses William II, Duke of Normandy as his heir

1052

Robert of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1054

Richard of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1056

William of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1058

Adeliza of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1059

Cecily of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1060

Constance of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1061

Matilda of Normandy is born to William II, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders

1063

Robert of Normandy, son of William, Duke of Normandy, is made Count of Maine

The House of Normandy

1066

January 5: Edward the Confessor, King of England dies in London; Harold Godwinson ascends the English throne

January 6: Harold Godwinson is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

October 14: William II, Duke of Normandy defeats Harold Godwinson, King of England at the Battle of Hastings

October 14: Harold Godwinson is killed at the Battle of Hastings; William II, Duke of Normandy ascends the English throne as William I

December 25: William I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1067

March: William I leaves England for Normandy

December: Adela of Normandy is born to William I and Matilda of Flanders

December: William I leaves Normandy for England

1068

March: Matilda of Flanders joins William I in England

May 11: Matilda of Flanders is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

December: Henry of Normandy is born to William I and Matilda of Flanders in Yorkshire

1069 – 1075

Richard of Normandy, son of William I, dies in the New Forest

1073

William I leaves England for Normandy and returns a few months later

1074

William I spends the entire year in Normandy

1075

William I defeats the Revolt of the Earls, the last resistance to the Norman Conquest

1077

Robert, Count of Maine, son of William I, leads his first insurrection against his father over the actions of his younger brothers, William and Henry of Normandy

1079

Robert, Count of Maine, son of William I, unhorses his father in battle

1080

Matilda of Scotland is born to Malcolm III, King of Scotland and Margaret of Wessex

Easter: William I and his son, Robert, Count of Maine are reunited thanks to Matilda of Flanders, Queen of England

1082

Adela of Normandy, daughter of William I, and Stephen of Blois are married

1083

November: Matilda of Flanders, Queen of England, wife of William I, dies

1085

December 25: William I orders the completion of the Domesday Book

1086

August 1: The Domesday Book is completed

Matilda of Normandy, daughter of William I, dies

1087

Constance of Normandy and Alan IV, Duke of Brittany are married

September 9: William I dies at the Priory of Saint Gervase in Rouen; William of Normandy ascends the English throne as William II, and Robert of Normandy ascends the dukedom of Normandy as Robert II

September 26: William II is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1088

William II defeats the Revolt of 1088

Henry of Normandy, son of William I, is named Count of Cotentin

1089

Stephen of Blois, husband of Adela of Normandy, daughter of William I, inherits the county of Blois

1090

Robert II, Duke of Normandy takes the County of Cotentin away from his brother, Henry of Normandy

August 13: Constance of Normandy, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of William I, dies

1091

William II successfully invades Normandy, defeating Robert II, Duke of Normandy. They eventually reconciled.

1092

Stephen of Blois is born to Stephen, Count of Blois and Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois in Blois

1094

William II attacks Normandy once again

1096

Robert II, Duke of Normandy leaves for the First Crusade in the Holy Land

1097 – 1099

William II serves as regent for his brother, Robert II, Duke of Normandy

1100

August 2: William II dies in the New Forest; Henry of Normandy ascends the English throne as Henry I

August 5: Henry I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey; the Charter of Liberties is issued

November 11: Henry I and Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcom III, King of Scotland, are married at Westminster Abbey

Robert II, Duke of Normandy and Sybilla of Conversano are married

1101

July 20: Robert II, Duke of Normandy lands in England to claim the throne

The Treaty of Alton is signed, in which Robert II, Duke of Normandy recognizes Henry I as the king of England

1102

February 7: Matilda of England is born to Henry I and Margaret of Scotland

May 12: Stephen, Count of Blois dies; Adela of Normandy assumes the regency of Blois on behalf of her son, Theobold III.

October 25: William Clito is born to Robert II, Duke of Normandy and Sybilla of Conversano

1103

Adeliza of Louvain is born to Godfrey I, Count of Louvain and Ida of Namur

March 18: Sybilla of Conversano, Duchess of Normandy dies in Rouen

August 5: William Adelin of England is born to Henry I and Margaret of Scotland

1103 – 1107: English investiture controversy

1105

Matilda of Boulogne is born to Eustace III, Count of Boulogne and Mary of Scotland in Boulogne

Henry I invades Normandy; Bayeux and Caen are captured

1106

September 28: Henry I defeats Robert II, Duke of Normandy at the Battle of Tinchebray, claiming Normandy for England

1110

February: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, leaves England for Germany

April 10: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor are betrothed at Liege

July 25: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, is crowned Queen of the Romans in Mainz

1111

Robert of Shrewsbury leads a rebellion in Normandy and Henry I launches a military campaign in response

1112

Robert of Shrewsbury is captured, ending the rebellion

Cecily of Normandy, daughter of William I, is named Abbess of Holy Trinity in Caen

1113

The Treaty of Gisors is signed, in which France recognizes English rule over Maine and Brittany

1114

January 7: Matilda of England, daughter of Henry I, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor are married at Worms

1116

Henry I launches a military campaign against France, Anjou and Flanders

1118

Peace with Flanders is reached

May 1: Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England, wife of Henry I, dies at Westminster Abbey

1119

June: William Adelin of England, son of Henry I, and Matilda of Anjou are married

August 20: Henry I defeats Louis VI, King of France at the Battle of Bremule in Normandy

1120

Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois, daughter of William I, retires to the Marcigny Convent

November 25: William Adelin of England, son of Henry I, dies on the White Ship crossing the English Channel

1121

January 24: Henry I and Adeliza of Louvain are married at Windsor Castle

1122

Eleanor of Aquitaine is born to William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Aenor de Chatellerault in Poitiers

1124

Henry I attempts to invade France and fails

1125

Stephen of Blois, Count of Mortain, grandson of William I, and Matilda of Boulogne are married

Eustace III, Count of Boulogne dies, leaving the county of Boulogne to Stephen of Blois, Count of Mortain and Matilda of Boulogne

May 23: Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor dies at Utrecht

1126

July 30: Cecily of Normandy, Abbess of Holy Trinity, daughter of William I, dies in Caen

December 25: Henry I asks his nobles to recognize his daughter, Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress as his heir

1127

January 1: The English nobles accept Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress as the heir to the English throne

Eustace of Blois is born to Stephen, Count of Boulogne and Matilda, Countess of Boulogne

1128

June 17: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I, and Geoffrey Martel of Anjou are married

1129

Geoffrey Martel ascends the county of Anjou

1131

September 8: The barons swear allegiance to Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress as the heir to the English throne

1133

March 5: Henry of Anjou is born at Le Mans to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress

August: Henry I leaves England for Normandy

1134

February 3: Robert II, Duke of Normandy dies at Cardiff Castle

June 1: Geoffrey of Anjou is born to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress in Rouen

1135

December 1: Henry I dies in Normandy

December 22: Stephen of Blois, grandson of William I, claims the throne as King Stephen

December 26: Stephen of Blois is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1136

Marie of Blois is born to King Stephen and Matilda of Boulogne

February 5: The Treaty of Durham is signed, in which Stephen concedes Cumberland to David I, King of Scotland

July 22: William of Anjou is born to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress in Normandy

1137

William of Boulogne is born to King Stephen and Matilda of Boulogne

March 8: Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois, daughter of William I, dies at Marcigny-sur-Loire dies

March: King Stephen fails to capture Normandy from Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I

April 9: William X, Duke of Aquitaine dies, leaving Aquitaine to his daughter, Eleanor

July 25: Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine and Louis, Prince of France are married in Bordeaux

August 1: Louis, Duke of Aquitaine and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine inherit the French throne

December 25: Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine are crowned king and queen of France

1138

January – February: David I, King of Scotland raids Northumberland

May: Robert, Earl of Gloucester leads a rebellion in favor of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress

June 10: The Scottish defeat the English at the Battle of Clotheroe

August 22: The English defeat the Scottish at the Battle of the Standard

Adeliza of Louvain, Queen of England, widow of Henry I, and William d’Aubigny, Earl of Arundel are married

1139

April 9: The Treaty of Durham is signed, in which David I, King of Scotland’s son, Henry, takes control of Northumberland

September 30: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I, lands in Arundel to take back the throne from King Stephen

November 7: Robert, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I, takes control of Worcester

1140

Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne and Constance of France, daughter of Louis VI, King of France and Adelaide of Maurienne, Queen of France, are married

December: Ranulf, Earl of Chester takes control of Lincoln

1141

February 2: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress defeats King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln

April 8: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress is proclaimed queen and King Stephen is captured

June 24: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress is forced to leave Westminster for Oxford

July: Matilda of Boulogne, Queen of England, wife of King Stephen, re-captures London

September 14: Robert, Earl of Gloucester, illegitimate son of Henry I, is captured during fighting at Winchester

November 1: King Stephen and Robert, Earl of Gloucester are exchanged as prisoners, ending the reign of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress

1142

Henry of Anjou, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, arrives in England for the first time

September 26: King Stephen captures Oxford and besieges Oxford Castle, in which Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress resides.

December: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress escapes from Oxford

1144

Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, husband of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, completes the conquest of Normandy

1145

Marie of France is born to Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France

1147

Henry of Anjou returns to England to fight on behalf of his mother, Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress

1148

William of Blois, son of King Stephen, and Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey are married

February: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress is forced to return to Normandy

1150

Henry of Anjou, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, inherits the duchy of Normandy

Summer: Alix of France is born to Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France

1151

Henry, Duke of Normandy, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, pays homage to Louis VII, King of France

April 23: Adeliza of Louvain, Queen of England, widow of Henry I, dies in Brabant

September 7: Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, husband of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, dies at the Chateau-du-Loir

1152

May 3: Matilda of Boulogne, Queen of England, wife of King Stephen, dies in Essex

March 11: The marriage of Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France is dissolved

March 21: The annulment of the marriage between Louis VII, King of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France is approved by Pope Eugene III

May 18: Henry, Duke of Normandy, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine are married in Poitiers

King Stephen besieges the Wallingford Castle

1153

January: Henry, Duke of Normandy, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, arrives in England

August 17: Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne, son of King Stephen, dies in Suffolk; William of Blois, younger son of King Stephen, inherits the county of Boulogne as William I

August 17: William Plantagenet is born to Henry, Duke of Normandy and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, is named Count of Poitiers

November 7: The Treaty of Wallingford is signed in which King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy end the civil war and Henry is named heir to the English throne

The House of Plantagenet

1154

October 25: King Stephen dies at Dover; Henry, Duke of Normandy ascends the English throne as Henry II

December 29: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine are crowned king and queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1155

Marie of Blois, daughter of King Stephen, is elected Abbess of Romsey

January: Thomas Becket is appointed Lord Chancellor

February 28: Henry Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

1156

January 6: Matilda Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in Berkshire

February 5: Henry II pays homage to Louis VII, King of France to secure Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou

April: William IX, Count of Poitiers, son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, dies in Berkshire

Henry II suppresses a revolt by his brother, Geoffrey of Anjou and appoints him Count of Nantes

1157

May: Malcom IV, King of Scotland is named Earl of Huntingdon in exchange for Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland

Summer: Henry II launches a campaign in Wales

July: Owain Gwynedd pays homage to Henry II

September 8: Richard Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in Oxford

1158

Summer: Henry II leaves England for Normandy

July 27: Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, dies in Nantes

August: An Anglo-French treaty is signed in which Henry of England is betrothed to Marguerite of France

September 23: Geoffrey Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine is born

1159

England unsuccessfully attacks Toulouse

October 11: William I, Count of Boulogne, son of King Stephen, dies in Toulouse; Marie I, William’s sister, inherits the county of Boulogne

1160

Marie I, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of King Stephen, is abducted from Romsey Abbey by Matthew of Alsace and forced into marriage

November 2: Henry Plantagenet and Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII, King of France, are betrothed

1161

January 5: Edward the Confessor, King of England is canonized by the Catholic Church

1162

June 3: Thomas Becket is consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury and resigns as Lord Chancellor

October 13: Eleanor Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor Aquitaine in Normandy

1163

January: Henry II successfully suppresses a revolt in Wales, captures Rhys ap Gruffydd

July 1: Henry II calls on the Welsh princes and Malcolm IV, King of Scotland to pay homage

1164

January: Henry II enacts the Constitution of Clarendon

January 20: William of Anjou, son of Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, dies in Rouen

Marie of France, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, and Henry I, Count of Champagne are married

Alix of France, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, and Theobold V, Count of Blois are married

1165

October: Joan Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in Angers

1166

Henry II invades Brittany and forces Conan IV, Duke of Brittany to abdicate in favor of his daughter, Constance; Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance, Duchess of Brittany are betrothed

December 24: John Plantagenet is born to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in Oxford

1167

September 10: Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Henry I, dies in Rouen

1168

Eleanor of Aquitaine takes up semi-permanent residence in Poitiers

February 1: Matilda Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and Henry, Duke of Saxony are married at Minden Cathedral

1169

January: The Treaty of Monmirail is signed, in which Henry II divides his French territories by leaving Aquitaine to Richard, Brittany to Geoffrey and the remainder to Henry

1170

Berengaria of Navarre is born to Sancho VI, King of Navarre and Sancha and Castile

The marriage between Marie I, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of King Stephen, and Matthew of Alsace is annulled; Marie I re-enters the religious orders

Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and Alfonso VIII, King of Castile are betrothed

June 14: Henry Plantagenet, son of Henry II, is crowned the Young King

July 22: Henry II and Thomas Becket are reconciled

September 21: England captures Dublin

December 29: Thomas Becket is murdered by four of Henry II’s knights

1171

October 16: Henry II declares himself Lord of Ireland

1172

August 27: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, and Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII, King of France, are married at Winchester Cathedral

1173

Isabella of Gloucester is born to William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester and Hawise de Beaumont

February 21: Thomas Becket is canonized

March: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, leaves England for the French court; Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II, is placed under house arrest

March: William I, King of Scotland invades the North of England

1174

Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and Alfonso VIII, King of Castile are married in Burgos

July 8: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, and Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II, leave France for England; Eleanor is imprisoned upon her return

July 12: Henry II does penance at Canterbury for the murder of Thomas Becket

September 30: The Treaty of Monlouis is signed, in which Henry II makes peace with his sons

December 8: William I, King of Scotland is released in exchange for Scotland paying homage to England

1175

October: The Treaty of Windsor is signed, in which Henry II recognizes Ruaidri Ua Conchobair as King of Ireland

1176

May 20: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and William II, King of Sicily are betrothed

August 27: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, leaves England for Sicily

September 28: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, and Isabella of Gloucester are betrothed

1177

February 13: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II, and William II, King Sicily are married in Palermo

May: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, is made Lord of Ireland

1180

September: Henry II renews the Pact of Ivry with Philip II, King of France

1182

Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, leads a rebellion against his father in Aquitaine

July 25: Marie I, Countess of Boulogne, daughter of King Stephen, dies in Montreuil

1183

June 11: Henry Plantagenet, the Young King, son of Henry II, dies in Lot

1185

January 29: Henry II declines an offer to become King of Jerusalem

Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, wife of Henry II, takes control of Aquitaine

April 25: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, is appointed Lord of Ireland, is recalled in December

1186

William I, King of Scotland is restored to Edinburgh by England

August 19: Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany dies in Paris; Philip II, King of France claims control of Brittany

1187

May: Philip II, King of France invades Aquitaine, which ends in a truce

1188

Isabella of Angouleme is born to Aymer, Count of Angouleme and Alice of Courtenay

November 11: Henry II refuses to name his son, Richard Plantagenet, his heir; Richard pays homage to Philip II, King of France

1189

June 28: Matilda Plantagenet, Duchess of Saxony, daughter of Henry II, dies in Brunswick

July 4: Henry II surrenders to his son, Richard Plantagenet, agrees to make him his heir and pay an indemnity

July 6: Henry II dies in Chinon; Richard Plantagenet ascends the English throne as Richard I

August 13: Richard I lands in England from Barfleur

August 29: John Plantagenet, son of Henry II, and Isabella of Gloucester are married in Wiltshire

September 3: Richard I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

December 12: Richard I embarks on the Third Crusade

1190

February 6: The majority of Norwich’s Jewish population is massacred

March 7: Jewish massacre at Stamford Fair

March 16: Jewish massacre in York

March 18: Massacre at Bury St. Edmunds

July 4: Richard I, King of England and Philip II, King of France leave France to join the Third Crusade

1191

May 12: Richard I and Berengaria of Navarre are married in Cyprus; Berengaria of Navarre is crowned queen of England

1192

December 11: Richard I is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria while returning from the Third Crusade

1193

February 14: Custody of Richard I is handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor

1194

February 4: Richard I is ransomed from captivity

March 12 – 28: Richard I returns to England and attempts to re-claim Nottingham Castle from his brother, John Plantagenet, Earl of Gloucester

April 17: Richard I is crowned king of England at Winchester

May 12: Richard I leaves England for France

July 3: The English win the Battle of Freteval over the French

1195

The Treaty of Louviers is signed, suspending war between England and France

1196

October: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Sicily, daughter of Henry II, and Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse are married

1198

Alix of France, Countess of Blois, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, dies

March 11: Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, dies in Champagne

June: England and France resume war

1199

April 6: Richard I dies during the siege of Chalus Castle; John Plantagenet ascends the English throne as King John

May 27: John is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

September 4: Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Toulouse, daughter of Henry II, dies in Rouen

The marriage between King John and Isabella, Countess of Gloucester is annulled

1200

May 22: The Treaty of Le Goulet is signed between England and France, in which King John is confirmed as ruler of portions of France

August 24: King John and Isabella of Angouleme are married in Angouleme

October 8: Isabella of Angouleme is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

October: King John receives the homage of William I, King of Scotland at Lincoln

1201

April 10: King John permits Jews to live freely in England and Normandy

1202

April 30: In response to King John failing to answer complaints from barons in Poitou, Philip II, King of France confiscates English land in France and gives it to Arthur I, Duke of Brittany

June 16: Isabella of Angouleme inherits the county of Angouleme

July: King John rescues Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England from almost capture by Arthur I, Duke of Brittany

1203

April: Philip II, King of France seizes the Loire Valley from England

1204

April 1: Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England, widow of Henry II, dies in Poitiers

June 24: Philip II, King of France seizes Rouen, ending England’s rule in Normandy

1206

June 7: England invades France to defend Aquitaine

October 26: England and France reach a two-year truce

1207

October 1: Henry Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme at Winchester Castle

1208

May 23: Pope Innocent III bans church services in England and King John confiscates all church properties

1209

January 5: Richard Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme at Winchester Castle

August: Scotland pays off England after a threatened invasion

November: Pope Innocent III excommunicates King John

1210

Joan Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme

1214

Joan Plantagenet, daughter of King John, is sent to Hugh X of Lusignan for marriage

Isabel Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme in Gloucester

February 15: King John lands in France to invade

Jul 27: French forces defeat English troops at the Battle of Bouvines

September 18: The Treaty of Chinon is signed, in which King John and Philip II, King of France agree that French gains on English land are recognized

October 31: Eleanor Plantagenet, Queen of Castile, daughter of Henry II, dies in Burgos

1215

May 3: English barons renounce their allegiance to King John and attack Northampton

May 17: The rebellious barons occupy London

June 15: The barons force King John to put the Great Seal of the Realm on civil liberties at Runnymede

June 19: The Magna Carta is confirmed

August 24: Pope Innocent III declares the Magna Carta invalid by triggering the First Barons’ War

September: The First Barons’ War begins

December: Alexander II, King of Scotland invades northern England

Eleanor Plantagenet is born to King John and Isabella of Angouleme

1216

January: The English army sacks Berwick-on-Tweed and raids southern Scotland

February: A rebellion in East Anglia is suppressed

May 21: Louis, Count of Artois invades England in support of the barons. He is proclaimed king at St. Paul’s Cathedral.

October 18: King John dies at Newark Castle; Henry III ascends the English throne; William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke is named Regent

October 28: Henry III is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1217

May 20: England defeats France at the Battle of Lincoln

August 21: England defeats France at the Battle of Dover

August 23: England defeats France at the Battle of Sandwich

September 12: The Treaty of Kingston upon Thames ends the First Barons’ War; French and Scottish forces leave England and amnesty is granted to rebels

October 14: Isabella, Countess of Gloucester dies in Somerset

November 6: The Charter of the Forest is issued, supplementing the Magna Carta

1220

Spring: Isabella of Angouleme, widow of King John, Hugh X of Lusignan are married

May 15: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of King John, is returned to England by Hugh X of Lusignan

May 17: Henry III is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1221

June 21: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and Alexander II, King of Scotland are married at York Minster

1223

Henry III is given limited authority over governance

Eleanor of Provence is born to Ramon Berenguer V, Count of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy in Aix-en-Provence

1224

April 23: Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke are married in London

May 5: War breaks out between England and France after Louis VIII, King of France attacks Poitou and Gascony

1225

The Magna Carta is confirmed by Henry III

Richard Plantagenet, son of King John, is made Earl of Cornwall

1227

January: Henry III declares himself of age to take control of his government

March: England and France make peace

1230

May 3: Henry III leads an army to France and marches on Bordeaux

October: Henry III returns to England

December 23: Berengaria of Navarre, widow of Richard I, dies in Le Mans

1235

February: Isabel Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor are betrothed

March 30: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, and Isabel Marshal are married in Buckinghamshire

July 15: Isabel Plantagenet, daughter of King John, and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor are married in Worms Cathedral

August: England and France sign a five-year truce

1236

January 14: Henry III and Eleanor of Provence are married at Canterbury Cathedral

September: Alexander II, King of Scotland and Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of King John, visit England

1237

September: Alexander II, King of Scotland and Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland visit England

1238

January 7: Eleanor Plantagenet, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of King John, and Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester are married secretly at Westminster Palace

March 4: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland dies at Havering-atte-Bower

1239

June 17: Edward Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence at Westminster

1240

September 29: Margaret Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence at Windsor Castle

1241

Eleanor of Castile is born to Ferdinand III, King of Castile and Joan, Countess of Ponthieu in Castile

December 1: Isabel Plantagenet, Holy Roman Empress, daughter of King John, dies in Apulia, Italy

1242

June 24: Beatrice Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence in Bordeaux

1243

September: England and France sign a truce

November 23: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, and Sanchia of Provence are married at Westminster Abbey

1244

August: Henry III blockades Scotland

November: The English barons refuse to pay taxes and demand administrative reforms

1245

January 16: Edmund of England is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence in London

1246

June 4: Isabella of Angouleme, widow of King John, dies at Fontevraud Abbey

1251

December 26: Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, and Alexander III, King of Scotland are married at York Minster

1253

November 25: Katherine Plantagenet is born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence at Westminster

1254

Edward Plantagenet, son of Henry III, is given the earldom of Chester

April 26: Parliament refuses to grant Henry III a subsidy

November 1: Edward Plantagenet, son of Henry III, and Eleanor of Castile are married in Burgos

1255

A stillborn daughter is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester in Bordeaux

1257

January 13: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, is named King of the Romans

May 3: Katherine Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, dies at Windsor Castle

1259

March: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, makes an alliance with the rebels

October 15: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, announces he supports the barons’ goals and Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester

December 4: The Treaty of Paris is signed, in which Henry III renounces his claim to Normandy to Louis IX, King of France

1260

Beatrice Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, and Jean de Dreux are married

August 22: England and Wales reach a truce

1261

Katherine Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester

June 12: Henry III receives a papal bull releasing him from the Provisions of Oxford

July: Henry III regains control of the government

1263

January: The Provisions of Westminster is re-issued

April: Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, husband of Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of King John, seizes control of southern England after Henry III refuses to accept the Provisions of Oxford

July 16: Rebels occupy London

October 2: Henry III travels to Boulogne to broker peace with Louis IX, King of France; barons refuse to accept its terms

1264

January 23: Louis IX, King of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a settlement between Henry III and barons led by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester

February: The Second Barons’ War begins

May 12 – 14: The Battle of Lewes is fought, during which Henry III and Edward Plantagenet are captured by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester

June: Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester summons Parliament in London

August 12: Papal legate and Louis IX, King of France condemn the English rebels in the Peace of Canterbury

September 5: Katherine Plantagenet, daughter of Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, dies at Westminster

1265

January: Joanna Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester

May 28: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester escapes from captivity

June 22: Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester recognizes Llewelyn the Last’s rule over Wales

August 4: The Battle of Evesham is fought, in which Edward Plantagenet defeats Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester’s forces, killing Montfort

September 7: Joanna Plantagenet, daughter of Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester dies at Westminster

1266

June: Henry III besieges the rebels in Kenilworth Castle

July: Liverpool Castle is surrendered to Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster

July 13: John Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester

December 14: Kenilworth Castle surrenders

1267

Edmund Plantagenet, son of Henry III, is named Earl of Leicester

June: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, captures the Isle of Ely

Summer: Henry III and the rebels agree to peace terms

November 19: The Statute of Marlborough is passed, confirming the Magna Carta and the Provisions of Westminster

1268

Jean de Dreux and Beatrice Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III, inherit the earldom of Richmond

May 6: Henry Plantagenet is born to Edward, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester at Windsor Castle

1269

April 8: Edmund of England, son of Henry III, and Aveline de Forz are married

June 18: Eleanor of England is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester at Windsor Castle

1270

August 20: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester participate in the Ninth Crusade

1271

August 3: John Plantagenet, son of Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester dies at Wallingford Castle

1272

April: Joan Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester and Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Chester in Acre

April 2: Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, son of King John, dies at Winchester Castle

September 24: Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Henry III, leaves Acre at the end of the Ninth Crusade for Sicily

November 16: Henry III dies at Westminster; Edward I ascends the English throne

1273

Edward I pays homage to Philip III, King of France

November 24: Alphonso of England is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile in Gascony

1274

August 2: Edward I returns to England for the first time since ascending the English throne

August 19: Edward I is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

October 14: Henry of England, son of Edward I, dies at Guildford

1275

Eleanor, Countess of Leicester, daughter of King John, dies at Montargis Abbey

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, refuses to pay homage to Edward I; his betrothed, Eleanor de Montfort, is captured and held prisoner at Windsor Castle to force Gruffudd’s loyalty

February 26: Margaret Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Henry III, dies at Cupar Castle

March 15: Margaret of England is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile at Windsor Castle

March 24: Beatrice of England, Countess of Richmond, daughter of Henry III, dies in London

April 22: Edward I’s first Parliament meets, passing the first Statute of Westminster

1276

Edmund of England, son of Henry III, is named Earl of Lancaster

February 3: Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III, and Blanche of Artois, Queen of Navarre are married in Paris

May 1: Berengaria Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile

November: Edward I invades Wales

1277

November 9: The Treaty of Aberconwy is signed, in which Llywelyn ap Gruffudd agrees to pay homage to Edward I and Wales is divvied up between them

1278

June: Berengaria Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, dies at Westminster

November 17: All Jews in England imprisoned on suspicion of coin clipping

1279

Marguerite of France is born to Philip III, King of France and Maria of Brabant

March 11: Mary Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile at Woodstock Palace

1280

A son is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile and dies shortly after his birth

1282

March 21: Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, leads a rebellion in Wales

August 7: Elizabeth Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile in Rhuddlan Castle

1283

October 3: Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, is executed in Shrewsbury

1284

March 3: The Statute of Rhuddlan extends English law to Wales

April 25: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Eleanor of Castile in Gwynedd, Wales

August 19: Alphonso Plantagenet, Earl of Chester, son of Edward I, dies at Windsor Castle

1285

August 15: Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, enters the Amesbury convent

1286

Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, widow of Henry III, enters the Amesbury convent

June 5: Edward I, pays homage to Philip IV, King of France

1290

April 30: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester are married at Westminster Abbey

July 8: Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and Jean of Brabant are married at Westminster Abbey

July 18: The Edict of Expolusion is issued, expelling all the Jews from England

November 28: Eleanor of Castile, Queen of England, wife of Edward I, dies in Nottinghamshire

1291

May 10: Edward I forces the Scottish nobles to recognize his right to determine the Scottish succession

June 24: Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, widow of Henry III, dies in Amesbury

Summer: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward I, and Blanche of France are betrothed

December: Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, takes the veil at the Amesbury convent

1293

May 15: The English defeat the French at La Rochelle

September 20: Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and Henry III, Count of Bar are married

1294

January: War breaks out between England and France when Philip IV, King of France attempts to seize Gascony from French control

May 3: Jean of Brabant and Margaret Plantagenet inherit the duchy of Brabant

August 24: The Treaty of Nuremberg is signed, in which England and the Holy Roman Empire align against France

1295

Isabelle of France is born to Philip IV, King of France and Jeanne I , Queen of Navarre in Paris

July 5: Scotland and France form the Auld Alliance against England

1296

March 30: Edward I captures Berwick-upon-Tweed

June 5: Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III, dies in Aquitaine

August 28: A Scottish assembly pays homage to Edward I at Berwick; Edward I establishes a system of English rule over Scotland

1297

January: Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester, daughter of Edward I, and Ralph de Monthermer are secretly married

January 8: Elizabeth Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, and John I, Count of Holland are married at Ipswich

February 24: A Parliament assembled at Salisbury refuses to endorse war in Gascony

August 24: Edward I leaves England for France to support an invasion of France by Flemish Count Guy of Dampierre

October 7: A truce is signed between England and France

October 10: Edward I issues the Confirmation of Charters, reconfirming the Magna Carta

1298

July 22: England defeats Scotland at the Battle of Falkirk

August 29: Eleanor Plantagenet, Countess of Bar, daughter of Edward I dies

1299

June 27: Pope Boniface VIII issues a papal bull condemning Edward I’s invasion and occupation of Scotland

September 8: Edward I and Marguerite of France are married in Canterbury

1300

June 1: Thomas Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Marguerite of France in Yorkshire

October 10: Edward I makes a temporary truce with Scotland

1301

England secures control of Scotland south of the River Forth

February 7: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward I, is made Prince of Wales

August 5: Edmund Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Marguerite of France at Woodstock

1302

January 26: Edward I and Robert I, King of Scotland make a truce

November 14: Elizabeth Plantagenet, Countess of Holland, daughter of Edward I, and Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford are married at Westminster Abbey

1303

February 24: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Roslin

May: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward I, and Isabelle of France are betrothed

May 20: The Treaty of Paris restores Gascony to England from France

Winter: Edward I resumes his campaign in Scotland

1304

March: The Scottish Parliament submits to English rule

1305

August 5: English troops capture the leader of the Scottish resistance

August 23: William Wallace, leader of the Scottish resistance, is executed in London

September: Edward I issues ordinances for the government of Scotland

1306

Eleanor Plantagenet is born to Edward I and Marguerite of France

1307

April 23: Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester, daughter of Edward I, dies in Suffolk

July 7: Edward I dies in Cumberland; Edward II ascends the English throne

July 11: Word reaches Edward II in London that Edward I died

August 6: Edward II’s friend, Piers Gaveston, is made Earl of Cornwall

1308

January 25: Edward II and Isabelle of France are married at Boulogne-sur-Mer

February 25: Edward II and Isabelle of France are crowned king and queen of England at Westminster Abbey

May 18: Edward II is forced to banish Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall by the barons

1310

March 16: Edward II agrees to an election of 21 barons as “Lord Ordainers” to reform the government

October: England raids southern Scotland

1311

Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, dies at Amesbury Abbey

August: Parliament completes the Ordinances of 1311, substituting the Lord Ordainers for Edward II as the effective government of the country

1312

Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward I, is named Earl of Norfolk

January: Edward II moves his court to York

June 19: The execution of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall is ordered by the rebel forces

November 13: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at Windsor Castle

1313

January 13: Robert I, King of Scotland expels English troops from Perth

October: Edward II pardons rebellious barons after they apologize publicly

1314

May 4: English forces enter Scotland intending to break the Scottish siege of Sterling Castle

June 24: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Bannockburn

June 24: Philippa of Hainaut is born to William I, Count of Hainaut and Jeanne of Valois at Valenciennes

1316

May 5: Elizabeth Plantagenet, Countess of Hereford, daughter of Edward I, dies in Essex

August 15: John Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at Eltham Palace

1317

February 14: Marguerite of France, Queen of England dies in Wiltshire

1318

April 8: Scotland re-takes Berwick-upon-Tweed from England

June 18: Eleanor Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at Woodstock

1319

September 20: An English siege of Berwick-upon-Tweed is abandoned; Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Myton

1321

Edmund Plantagenet, son of Edward I, is made Earl of Kent

July 5: Joan Plantagenet is born to Edward II and Isabelle of France at the Tower of London

1322

March 16: Edward II defeats rebellious barons at the Battle of Boroughbridge

1323

March: Edward II makes a 15-year truce between England and Scotland

1325

Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, son of Edward I, and Margaret Wake are married

March 9: Isabelle of France, Queen of England travels to France to negotiate a truce with Charles IV, King of France

September 21: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward II, travels to France to pay homage for Gascony

1326

The betrothal of Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Philippa of Hainaut is arranged by Isabelle of France, Queen of England

January 8: Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Norfolk and Alice de Hales are married

September 23: Isabelle of France, Queen of England and Roger Mortimer land in Suffolk with an army

November 16: Edward II is captured at Neath Abbey

1327

January 20: Edward II abdicates at Kenilworth Castle in favor of his son, Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales

January 24: Edward II’s abdication is announced in London

January 25: Edward III is proclaimed king of England; Isabelle of France, Queen of England and Roger Mortimer are named regents

February 1: Edward III is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

March 31: Charles IV, King of France makes peace with England, returning Gascony

August 4: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Stanhope Park

September 21: Edward II dies at Berkeley Castle

1328

January 24: Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut are married at York Minster

May 1: The Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton is signed, in which England recognizes Scotland as an independent nation

July 17: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward II, and David of Scotland are married at Berwick-upon-Tweed

September 29: Joan of Kent is born to Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, son of Edward I, and Margaret Wake, Countess of Kent at Woodstock Palace

October 6: John Plantagenet, son of Edward II, is named Earl of Cornwall

1329

June 7: David II and Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward II, inherit the Scottish throne

1330

March 4: Philippa of Hainaut is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

March 19: Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, son of Edward I, dies at Winchester Castle

June 15: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Woodstock Palace

October 19: Edward III declares himself of age; Roger Mortimer is arrested

November 29: Roger Mortimer is executed

1332

Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward I, dies at the Amesbury convent

May: Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Edward II, and Reinoud II, Count of Guelders are married

June 16: Isabella Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut

1333

March 25: England defeats Scotland at the Battle of Dornock

May: David II, King of Scotland flees Scotland for France, allowing the pretender to recognize Edward III as lord of Berwick-upon-Tweed

June 8: Edward III seizes the Isle of Mann from Scottish control

July: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Edward II, is sent to France for safety

July 19: England defeats Scotland at the Battle of Halidon Hill

August 11: England and a Scottish pretender defeat the troops of Robert I, King of Scotland at the Battle of Dupplin Moor

December 12: The Scottish pretender flees to England

December 19: Joan Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at the Tower of London

1334

Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Brabant, daughter of Edward I, dies in Belgium

February: Berwick is ceded to England

June: The southern counties of Scotland are submitted to England and Edward III is recognized as king

1335

July 30: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Boroughmuir

November 30: Scotland defeats England at the Battle Culblean

1336

English forces burn Aberdeen

April 4: Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Norfolk and Mary de Brewes are married

August: England bans wool exports to Flanders

September 13: John Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall dies in Perth

1337

February 16: William Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Hatfield

March 2: William Plantagenet, son of Edward III, dies at York Minster

March 17: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is named Duke of Cornwall

May 24: Philip VI, King of France confiscates Gascony from English control

August: English forces relieve Stirling Castle, ending England’s campaign

October: Edward III rejects Philip VI, King of France’s claim to the French throne

1338

September 5: Louis VI, Holy Roman Emperor appoints Edward III a vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire and supports his claim to the French throne under the Treaty of Koblenz

September 20: Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I, dies

November 29: Lionel Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Antwerp

1339

December 3: England aligns with Flanders against France

1340

January 25: Edward III is declared king of France

March 6: John Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Ghent

June 24: The French navy is defeated at the Battle of Sluys

September 25: A temporary truce between England and France is agreed upon

1341

June 5: Edmund Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Hertfordshire

1342

March: Blanche Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at the Tower of London and dies shortly afterwards

August 18: The English defeat the Genoese at the Battle of Best

September: John Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is named Earl of Richmond

September: The Battle of Morlaix between the French and the English is indecisive

October: England conquers most of Brittany

1343

May 12: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is named Prince of Wales

1344

October 10: Mary Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut in Hampshire

1345

October 12: England defeats France at the Battle of Auberoche

1346

April: France invades Gascony

June 9: England defeats the Bretons at the Battle of St Pol de Leon

Summer: Thomas Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Windsor Castle

July 20: Margaret Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Windsor Castle

August 24: England defeats the French at the Battle of Blanchetaque

August 26: England defeats France at the Battle of Crecy

October 17: David II, King of Scotland is taken prisoner following the Battle of Neville’s Cross

1347

Lionel Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is betrothed to Elizabeth de Burgh and named Earl of Ulster

August 4: England captures Calais

September 28: England and France reach a temporary truce

1348

Pope Clement VI annuls the marriage of Joan of Kent, Countess of Salisbury and William Montagu, Earl of Salisbury due to her prior marriage to Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent

Spring: William Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Windsor Castle

April 23: Edward III creates the Order of the Garter

June: The Black Death reaches England

July 1: Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, dies

September: Thomas and William Plantagenet, sons of Edward III, die

November: The Black Death reaches London

1350

April 8: France is defeated by England at the Battle of Talliebourg

August 29: England defeats Castile in the Battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer

1351

November 15: Isabella Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, calls of her wedding to Bernard d’Albret

1352

Lionel Plantagenet, Earl of Ulster, son of Edward III, and Elizabeth de Burgh are married

August: England defeats France at the Battle of Mauron

1355

January 7: Thomas Plantagenet is born to Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut at Woodstock Palace

April 22: Eleanor Plantagenet, Countess of Guelders, daughter of Edward II, dies in Loremo

August: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Nesbit Moor

August 16: Philippa of Ulster is born to Lionel Plantagenet, Earl of Ulster and Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster

October 5: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward III, begins campaigns in southern France

1356

January 20: The Scottish pretender defers the kingship to Edward III

September 19: England defeats France at the Battle of Poitiers; John II, King of France is captured

1357

March 22: A two-year truce is declared between France and England

November 6: David II, King of Scotland is released from captivity and returns to Scotland; Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Edward II, decides to remain in England

1358

August 22: Isabelle of France, Queen of England dies at Castle Rising

1359

May 13: Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, and John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke are married

May 19: John Plantagenet, Earl of Richmond, son of Edward III, and Blanche of Lancaster are married at Reading Abbey

December 4: Edward III lays siege to Rouen

1360

January: Edward III marches on Paris

March 31: Philippa of Lancaster is born to John Plantagenet, Earl of Richmond and Blanche of Lancaster, Countess of Richmond at Leicester Castle

April: English forces leave Paris

May 8: The Treaty of Bretigny is signed, in which Edward III gives up his claim to the French throne and releases John II, King of France in return for French land, including Calais and Gascony

October 24: The Treaty of Bretigny is ratified, but doesn’t mention Edward III giving up his claim to the French throne

1361

July 3: Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, and Jean IV, Duke of Brittany are married

November: Lionel Plantagenet, Earl of Ulster is named Duke of Clarence

October 1: Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of Edward III, dies

October 10: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Joan of Kent are married at Windsor Castle

September: Mary Plantagenet, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Edward III, dies

1362

September 7: Joan Plantagenet, Queen of Scotland dies at Hertford Castle

November: John Plantagenet, Earl of Richmond and Blanche of Lancaster, Countess of Richmond inherit the duchy of Lancaster

November: Lionel Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is created Duke of Clarence

1363

June 29: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward III, takes control of Aquitaine

November: David II, King of Scotland reaches an agreement with English in which Edward III is named his heir

1364

March 4: Scottish Parliament rejects Edward III’s rights to the Scottish throne

1365

January 27: Edward Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales at the Chateau d’Angouleme

June 22: England and Castile form an alliance

July 27: Isabella Plantagenet, daughter of Edward III, and Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy are married at Windsor Castle

1366

May 11: Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy is made Earl of Bedford

May 11: Anne of Bohemia is born to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania in Prague

1367

January 6: Richard Plantagenet is born to Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales and Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales in Bordeaux

February: England sides with Pedro of Castile against Henry II, King of Castile

April 3: England defeats Franco-Castilian forces at the Battle of Najera

April 15: Henry of Lancaster is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster at Bolingbroke Castle

1368

Philippa of Ulster, daughter Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March are married at Reading Abbey

January 30: Barons in English-held France object to English taxes and appeal to Charles V, King of France

June: Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Violante Visconti are married in Milan

September 12: Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt, dies in Tutbury

October 7: Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence dies in Milan

1369

May 21: Charles V, King of France declares war on England

June 3: Edward III, claims the throne of France

August 15: Philippa of Hainaut dies at Windsor Castle

August 24: Philippa of Ulster, daughter of Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March are married

September: England raids Picardy and Normandy

November 30: Charles V, King of France seizes English land in France

1370

Jeanne of Navarre is born to Charles II, King of Navarre and Jeanne of Valois

September 19: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Edward III, attacks Limoges

September 20: Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, dies in Bordeaux

1371

September 21: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, and Constance of Castile are married in Guienne

1372

February 9: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, and Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster enter London as King and Queen of Castile

June 22: The English fleet is defeated at the Battle of La Rochelle by a Castilian-French fleet

July 11: Edmund Plantagenet, son of Edward III, and Isabella of Castile are married at Wallingford Castle

August 7: Poitiers surrenders to the French

December 1: France takes control of Poitou

1373

John Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, Katherine Swynford in Lincolnshire

April 28: France re-captures most of Brittany

June 16: England and Portugal sign the Treaty of London

August: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster launches an invasion of France

1374

April 11: Roger Mortimer is born to Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Philippa of Ulster, Countess of March in Usk

1375

Henry Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, and his mistress, Katherine Swynford in Lincolnshire

The Treaty of Bruges is signed, in which England’s rule over Calais, parts of Gascony and four forts in Brittany is confirmed

July 20: Richard of York is born to Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York and Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York at Conisburgh Castle

1376

Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward III, and Eleanor de Bohun are married

April 28: The Good Parliament begins

June 7: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales makes Edward III and John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster swear to support his son, Richard Plantagenet

June 8: Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales dies at Westminster

July 10: The Good Parliament is dissolved

November 30: Richard Plantagenet, son of Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, is created Prince of Wales

December 25: Richard Plantagenet is presented before Parliament by John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, who promises to uphold his right to the throne

1377

Joan Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, Katherine Swynford

January 27: The Bad Parliament begins

February 20: Riots break out in London

March 2: The Bad Parliament is dissolved

June 21: Edward III dies at Richmond Palace; Richard II ascends the English throne

July 16: Richard II is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

Summer: The Peasant Revolt

1379

April: Isabella Plantagenet, Countess of Bedford, daughter of Edward III, dies

1380

January 16: Richard II is declared of-age by Parliament

Summer: Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward III, leads a raid of France

July 27: Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, and Mary de Bohun are married at Arundel Castle

1381

Joan Beaufort is born to John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, Katherine Swynford in Lincolnshire

January: Brittany surrenders to France, while England retains control of Brest

May 30: The Peasants’ Revolt breaks out

July 15: The leader of the Peasants’ Revolt is executed in front of Richard II

December: Anne of Bohemia arrives in London

1382

January 5: Philippa of Ulster, Countess of March, daughter of Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence dies in Cork, Ireland

January 14: Richard II and Anne of Bohemia are married at Westminster Abbey

January 22: Anne of Bohemia is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1385

August 6: Edmund Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is made Duke of York and Thomas Plantagenet, son of Edward III, is made Duke of Gloucester

August 7: Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales dies at Wallingford Castle

August 31: Richard II begins an invasion of Scotland; Holyrood and Edinburgh are burned

1386

March 8: Richard II recognizes John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, as King of Castile and grants him control of all royal lands

May 9: Richard II and Juan I, King of Portugal ratify the Treaty of Windsor

August 9: Henry of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby at Monmouth Castle

October: The Wonderful Parliament is held

October 2: Jeanne of Navarre and Jean IV, Duke of Brittany are married

1387

Thomas of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby in London

February 14: Philippa of Lancaster and Juan I, King of Portugal are married at the Cathedral of Porto

November 14: The Lord Appellant raise arms against Richard II and demand the arrest of members of the royal court

December 20: The Lord Appellant defeat the army of Richard II and imprison him until he agrees to replace his councilors at court

1388

February 3: The royal court is convicted of treason by the Merciless Parliament

October 7: Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, son of Philippa of Ulster, Countess of March and Eleanor Holland are married

John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster gives up his claim to the Castilian throne; his daughter by Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster is married to the heir of Henry II, King of Castile

1389

May 3: Richard II regains control of the government

June 20: John of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby

July 18: The Truce of Lelinghem is signed, in which England and France make peace

November 9: Isabelle of Valois is born to Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France in Paris

1390

October 3: Humphrey of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby

1391

Joan Beaufort, daughter of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, and Robert Ferrers, Baron Boteler of Wem are married in Anjou

November 6: Edmund Mortimer is born to Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Eleanor Holland, Countess of Holland in Westmeath

1392

Blanche of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby at Peterborough Castle

1394

June 4: Philippa of Lancaster is born to Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby at Peterborough Castle; Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby dies in childbirth

June 7: Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II, dies at Sheen Palace

October 2: Richard II leads an expedition into Ireland

December 25: Richard II redefines the borders of English rule in Ireland (English Pale)

1395

May 15: Richard II leaves Ireland

1396

January 13: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, and his mistress, Katherine Swnyford, are married in Lincoln Cathedral

October 31: Richard II and Isabelle of Valois, daughter of Charles VI, King of France, are married

1397

January 8: Isabelle of Valois, wife of Richard II, is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

February 3: Joan Beaufort, Lady Boteler of Wem and Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland are married

February 10: John Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster is made Earl of Somerset

September: Parliament condemns the Lord Appellant

September 8: Thomas Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester, son of Edward III, dies in Calais

September 29: John Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is created Marquess of Somerset

October 1: John Beaufort, Marquess of Somerset, son John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster and Margaret Holland are married

1398

January 27: Parliament annuls the acts of 1388 Parliament

September 16: After stopping a duel, Richard II banishes Henry of Lancaster, Duke of Hereford and Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk

The House of Lancaster

1399

February 3: John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, dies at Leicester Castle

March 18: Richard II blocks Henry of Lancaster, Duke of Hereford from inheriting his father’s lands

June 1: Richard II travels to Ireland

July: Henry of Lancaster, Duke of Hereford returns to England and begins a military campaign to take control of Lancaster

August: Upon returning to England, Richard II is taken prisoner by the followers of Henry, Duke of Lancaster at Conway Castle

September 29: Richard II abdicates in favor of Henry, Duke of Lancaster

September 30: Parliament accepts Henry, Duke of Lancaster as the new king of England

October 13: Henry IV is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

October 15: Henry of Lancaster, son of Henry IV, is created Prince of Wales

October: Henry IV rescinds the title given to his half-brother, John Beaufort, and he is demoted to Earl of Somerset

1400

January: Henry IV quells the Epiphany Rising

February 14: Richard II is executed at Pontefract Castle

August: England occupies Edinburgh, but fail to capture Edinburgh Castle

September 16: Owain Glyndwr is proclaimed Prince of Wales and begins attacking English strongholds in northeast Wales

1401

March 7: Blanche of Lancaster, daughter of Henry IV, and Louis of Germany are married in Cologne Cathedral

October 27: Katherine of Valois is born to Charles VI, King of France and Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France in Paris

November 3: The Battle of Twthill is fought between England and Wales

1402

June 22: The Battle of Nesbit Moor is fought, in which England defeats Wales

June 22: The Battle of Bryn Glas is fought, in which Wales defeats England

August 1: Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York, son of Edward III, dies in Hertfordshire

September 14: The Battle of Humbleton Hill, in which England defeats Scotland

1403

February 7: Henry IV and Jeanne of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany are married at Winchester Castle

February 26: Jeanne of Navarre, wife of Henry IV, is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

May 10: Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster, widow of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Lincolnshire

July 21: The Battle of Shrewsbury is fought, in which Henry IV defeats English and Welsh rebels

1404

January 14: Henry IV grants Parliament the power to appoint royal councilors and hold them to account for expenditure

June 14: Owain Glyndwr declares himself Prince of Wales and allies himself with the French

1405

March 11: The Battle of Grosmont is fought, in which England defeats Wales

May 15: The English defeat the Welsh at the Battle of Usk

June 8: Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York is the first English prelate to suffer judicial execution following a failed rebellion in northern England

1406

March 30: James Stewart, heir to the Scottish throne, is captured by English pirates and brought to Henry IV

June 29: Isabelle of Valois and Charles, Duke of Orleans are married

October 26: Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of Henry IV, and Eric of Pomerania, King of Norway, Denmark and Sweden are married in Lund Cathedral

1407

October: Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales besieges Welsh rebels at Aberystwyth

1408

Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge, son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and Anne Mortimer are married

February 19: The Battle of Branham Moor is fought, in which a rebellion from the Percy family is suppressed in the North

September: Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndwr

1409

Isabel of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge

January: The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English

February 28: Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales, son of Henry IV, is appointed Constable of Dover and Warden of the Cinque Ports.

May 22: Blanche of Lancaster, Princess of the Palatinate, daughter of Henry IV, dies in Alsace

September 9: Isabelle of Valois dies in childbirth in Blois

1410

March 16: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster dies at the Hospital of St Katherine’s by the Tower

1411

Thomas Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is named Earl of Dorset

September 21: Richard of York is born to Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge

November 30: Henry IV dismisses Henry of Lancaster, Prince of Wales from the royal council

1412

England allies with the Armagnac party in France in return for help in regaining Aquitaine

Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV, and Margaret Holland, Countess of Somerset are married

July 9: Thomas of Lancaster, son of Henry IV, is named Duke of Clarence

1413

March 20: Henry IV dies at Westminster; Henry V ascends the English throne

April 9: Henry V is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

December: The body of Richard II is re-interred at Westminster Abbey

1414

Richard of York, son of Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York is named Earl of Cambridge

John and Humphrey of Lancaster, sons of Henry IV are named the Dukes of Bedford and Gloucester

August: Henry V claims the French throne

1415

April: Parliament approves going to war with France

May 3: Cecily Neville is born to Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland at Raby Castle

July 19: Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal, daughter of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Sacavem

August 5: The Southampton Plot to depose Henry V is discovered and its leaders, including Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge, are arrested

August 5: Richard of York, son of Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York dies in Southampton

August 13: England launches an invasion of France

September 22: England captures Harfleur

October 25: The Battle of Agincourt is fought, in which England defeats France; Edward of York, Duke of York, son of Edmund Plantagenet, Duke of York dies at Agincourt

1416

Thomas Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is named duke of Exeter

May 1: French fleets blockade Harfleur

August 15: English forces relieve Harfleur

1417

July 23: England launches a second campaign in France

September 8: England conquers Caen

1418

February 18: England captures Falaise

July 30: The English siege of Rouen begins

August 22: The English capture Cherbourg

November 25: Henry Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies in Rouen

1419

January 19: Rouen falls to the English

July 30: England captures Pontoise

December 25: Philippe, Duke of Burgundy aligns with England against France

1420

May 21: Henry V and Charles VI, King of France agree to the Treaty of Troyes, in which Henry V is named the heir to the French throne

June 2: Henry V and Katherine of Valois are married at Troyes Cathedral

November 17: France surrenders Melun to England

1421

February 23: Katherine of Valois is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

March 22: Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV, dies at the Battle of Bauge

December 6: Henry of Lancaster is born to Henry V and Katherine of Valois

1422

May 2: Meaux is surrendered by France to England

August 31: Henry V dies at Vincennes; Henry VI ascends the English throne

October 21: Henry VI is declared King of France after the death of Charles VI, King of France

October 30: Charles VII, King of France declares himself king in defiance of the Treaty of Troyes

1423

England allies with Burgundy and Brittany against France

January: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and Jacqueline, Countess are Hainaut are married in secret in London

May 13: John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford and Anne of Burgundy are married at Troyes

July 31: England defeats France and Scotland at the Battle of Cravant

1424

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville are betrothed

April: James I, King of Scotland is finally ransomed from English custody. James and Joan Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset are married in London and return to Scotland.

August 17: The English defeat the French at the Battle of Verneuil

October 16: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester invades Hainaut on behalf of his wife, Jacqueline of Hainaut, Duchess of Gloucester

1425

January 18: Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, son of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March dies at Trim Castle in County Mead, Ireland

April: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, abandons his invasion of Hainaut

1426

March 6: The English defeat the French at the Battle of St. James

May 24: Henry Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, is made a Cardinal by Pope Martin VI

December 31: Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies

1428

January: The marriage of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, and Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut is annulled

January: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, and Eleanor Cobham are married in secret

1429

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge, and Cecily Neville, daughter of Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland, are married

May 8: The English surrender Orleans to the French and Joan of Arc

June 12: The French defeat the English at the Battle of Jargeau

June 15: The French defeat the English at the Battle of Beaugency

June 18: The French defeat the English at the Battle of Patay

November 6: Henry VI is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

1430

Katherine of Valois, widow of Henry V, and Owen Tudor are married

Edmund Tudor is born to Owen Tudor and Katherine of Valois at Much Hadham

January 5: Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Norway, Denmark and Sweden, daughter of Henry IV, dies

March 23: Marguerite of Anjou is born to Rene, Duke of Anjou and Isabelle of Lorraine, Duchess of Anjou in Ponte-a-Mousson

May 23: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians

June: Henry VI establishes his court in Rouen

1431

Jasper Tudor is born to Owen Tudor and Katherine of Valois at Hatfield

May 30: Joan of Arc is executed by the English in Rouen

October 2: Thomas Beaufort, Count of Perche, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies in Louviers

December 16: Henry VI is crowned king of France at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris

1432

November: Owen Tudor is born to Owen Tudor and Katherine of Valois at Westminster Abbey

1433

Edmund Beaufort, Count of Mortain, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, and Eleanor Beauchamp are married

April 22: John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford and Jacquetta of Luxembourg are married in Therouenne

1435

September 14: John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, son of Henry IV, dies in Rouen

September 21: The Congress of Arras concludes; England and Burgundy’s alliance is ended

1436

January 26: Henry Beaufort is born to Edmund Beaufort, Count of Mortain and Eleanor Beauchamp, Countess of Mortain

April 13: The French retake Paris from the English

December: Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford and Richard Woodville are married in Rouen

1437

January 3: Katherine of Valois, widow of Henry V, dies at Bermondsey Abbey

February 12: England captures Pontoise

June 10: Jeanne of Navarre dies in London

November 13: Henry VI comes of age and takes over control of his government

1438

John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, is released from French imprisonment

February: Joan of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young

1439

John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp are married

Edmund Beaufort is born to Edmund Beaufort, Count of Mortain and Margaret Holland, Countess of Mortain

August 10: Anne of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in London

September 13: Meaux surrenders to the French, leaving English control

1440

Elizabeth Woodville is born to Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford, widow of John, Duke of Bedford [exact date of birth unknown]

September 12: Henry VI founds Eton College

November 13: Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland, daughter of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Yorkshire

1441

February 10: Henry of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York is born at Hatfield and dies soon after

April 2: Henry VI founds King’s College, Cambridge

1442

January 19: Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of Gloucester, wife of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, is convicted of treason and witchcraft

April 28: Edward of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Rouen

1443

John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset is named Duke of Somerset

April 23: England signs a perpetual truce with Burgundy

May 17: Edmund of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Rouen

May 31: Margaret Beaufort is born to John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp, Duchess of Somerset at Bletsoe Castle

August: Eight thousand English troops under John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset land at Cherbourg for an ill-fated campaign

1444

April 22: Elizabeth of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Rouen

May 22: The Treaty of Tours is signed between England and France, betrothing Henry VI and Marguerite of Anjou

May 27: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies in England

1445

April 23: Henry VI and Marguerite of Anjou are married at Titchfield Abbey

May 30: Marguerite of Anjou is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

July 14: Negotiations for a peace treaty between England and France begin in London

December: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is recalled from Normandy

1446

May 3: Margaret of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York at Fotheringhay Castle

June 26: Henry VI re-asserts his claim to Brittany

1447

Anne of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter are married

February 18: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV, is arrested for treason at Bury-St-Edmunds

February 23: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV dies

April 11: Cardinal Henry Beaufort, son of John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, dies in Winchester

July 7: William of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young

December 9: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is appointed Lieutenant of Ireland

1448

March 11: England cedes Maine to France

March 16: Negotiations over England’s claim to Brittany fall apart

October 23: Scotland defeats England at the Battle of Sark

November 7: John of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young

1449

Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Devon, daughter of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset dies

March 24: England captures Fougeres in Brittany

July: Frances invades Normandy

October 21: George of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York in Dublin

October 29: Rouen surrenders to the French, leaving English control

1450

January: Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and John de la Pole are betrothed

May 2: William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk is murdered following his conviction of treason and banishment

June – July: Jack Cade’s rebellion begins in Kent and Sussex

August 12: Cherbourg falls to the French, ending all English holdings in Normandy

September: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York marches to London at the head of an army against traitors

1451

Thomas of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York and dies young

February 7: John de la Pole and Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset are married

June: Henry VI cancels all land grants made under his name at the behest of Parliament

June 30: Bordeaux surrenders to the French

August 21: Bayonne surrenders to the French, ending English control of Gascony

October 2: Isabel Neville is born to Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick at Warwick Castle

1452

March 3: The royal and York armies meet at Dartford; Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York yields and his pardoned by Henry VI

October 2: Richard of York is born to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York at Fotheringhay Castle

1453

Elizabeth Woodville and John Grey are married

July 17: The Battle of Castillon is fought, in which the English are defeated by the French

August: Henry VI goes insane at his hunting lodge in Clarendon

October 13: Edward of Lancaster is born to Henry VI and Marguerite of Anjou at Westminster

October 19: The French recapture Bordeaux from the English

November: Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset is imprisoned in the Tower of London

1454

Edward and Edmund of York, sons of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York are named the Earls of March and Rutland

January: Henry VI resumes control of the government; Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset is freed from captivity

March 15: Edward of Lancaster, son of Henry VI is named Prince of Wales

March 27: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is named Protector of the Real in the stead of Henry VI

September 4: Henry Stafford is born to Humphrey, Earl of Stafford and Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Stafford

December 25: Henry VI recovers from his mental illness

1455

Thomas Grey is born to John Grey and Elizabeth Woodville, Dame Grey at Groby Old Hall

May 22: The First Battle of St. Albans is fought in which the forces of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York defeat the royal army; Henry VI is captured after the battle

May 22: Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, dies at the First Battle of St. Albans

November 1: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, son of Katherine of Valois and Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset are married

November 19: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is reinstated as Regent

1456

February 25: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is dismissed as Regent

August 17: Marguerite of Anjou moves the royal court to Coventry

November 1: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond dies at Carmarthen Castle

1457

Richard Grey is born to John Grey and Elizabeth Woodville at Groby Old Hall

January 28: Henry Tudor is born to Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond at Pembroke Castle

August 28: French raiders attacked Kent under the leadership of Pierre de Breze

1458

Elizabeth of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and John de la Pole are married

January 3: Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Henry Stafford are married

March 25: A formal reconciliation ceremony is held between the Lancastrians and Yorkists at St Paul’s Cathedral

1459

September 23: The Battle of Blore Heath is fought, in which the Yorkists defeat Lancaster

October 12: The Battle of Ludford Bridge is fought, in which the Lancastrians defeat York; Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York flees for Ireland

November 10: Parliament is held at Coventry and Yorkists are condemned as traitors

1460

June 26: Edward of York, Earl of March and Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick land in England and march on London

July 10: The Battle of Northampton is fought in which York defeats Lancaster; Henry VI is captured and Marguerite of Anjou Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales escape to Wales and then Scotland

October 10: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York claims the English throne

October 24: The Act of Accord is passed in which Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York is named heir to Henry VI

December 30: The Battle of Wakefield is fought, in which Lancaster defeats York and Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Edmund of York, Earl of Rutland are killed

The House of York

1461

February 2: The Battle of Mortimer’s Cross is fought, in which York defeats Lancaster; Owen Tudor, widower of Katherine of Valois, is executed after the battle

February 17: The Second Battle of St. Albans is fought in which Lancaster defeats York; Henry VI is taken control of Marguerite of Anjou; John Grey, husband of Elizabeth Woodville, dies

March 4: Edward, Duke of York is declared Edward IV

March 29: The Battle of Towton is fought, in which York defeats Lancaster. Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales escape to Scotland

April 25: Henry VI cedes Berwick upon Tweed to Scotland in exchange for their support

June 28: Edward IV is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey

George and Richard of York, sons of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York are named the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester

1462

April: Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales escape from Scotland to France

June 23: Marguerite of Anjou promises to cede Calais to France in exchange for military help

October 25: Marguerite of Anjou leads an invasion of Northumberland with the help of the French. The invasion ultimately fails and Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales leave England for Scotland

1463

Elizabeth of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and John de la Pole are named Duke and Duchess of Suffolk

August: Marguerite of Anjou and Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales leave Scotland for France

October 8: The Truce of Hesdin is signed, in which Louis XI, King of France recognizes Edward IV as king of England

1464

May 15: Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, is executed in Hexham

June 11: England and Scotland sign a 15-year peace treaty

September: Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, Dame Grey are married in secret at Northamptonshire

September 14: Edward IV announces his marriage

October: Katherine Woodville, daughter of Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford and Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham are married

1465

May 26: Elizabeth Woodville, wife of Edward IV, is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

July 24: Henry VI is captured by York forces and imprisoned in the Tower of London

1466

February 11: Elizabeth of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster

October: Thomas Grey and Anne Holland, daughter of Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter are married at Greenwich

1467

August 11: Mary of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Windsor Castle

1468

July 3: Margaret of York, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Charles, Duke of Burgundy are married at Sluys

1469

March 20: Cecily of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster

July: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and George, Duke of Clarence rebel against Edward IV

July 26: The Battle of Edgecote Moor is fought, in which Lancaster defeats York

July 29: Edward IV is arrested and imprisoned by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

August 12: Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers is executed by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick at Kenilworth Castle

September: Edward IV is released

1470

March 12: The Battle of Losecoat Field is fought, in which York defeats Lancaster

September 13: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and George, Duke of Clarence rebel against Edward IV, who is forced to flee to Burgundy with Richard, Duke of Gloucester

July: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Marguerite of Anjou form an alliance against Edward IV; Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales and Anne Neville are betrothed

October 3: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick releases Henry VI and declares him king of England once more

November 2: Edward of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster

December 13: Edward of Lancaster and Anne Neville are married at Angers Cathedral

1471

March 14: Edward IV lands in England with an army

April 11: London surrenders to Edward IV

April 14: The Battle of Barnet is fought, in which Edward IV defeats Lancastrian forces; Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick is killed in battle

April 14: Marguerite of Anjou lands in England with Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales and Anne Neville, Princess of Wales

May 4: The Battle of Tewkesbury is fought, in which Edward IV defeats Lancaster; Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset are killed and Marguerite of Anjou is taken prisoner

May: Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke and Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond flee England for Brittany

May 21: Henry VI is executed at the Tower of London

July 3: Richard, Duke of Gloucester is named Constable and Admirable of England with power over northern England

1472

Richard, Duke of Gloucester and Anne Neville, Dowager Princess of Wales are married

April 10: Margaret of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Winchester Castle

June: Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Thomas, Lord Stanley are married

November: Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter are divorced

December 11: Margaret of York, daughter of Edward IV dies

1473

August 14: Margaret of Clarence is born to George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence at Farleigh Hungerford Castle

August 17: Richard of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville in Shrewsbury

1474

Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and Thomas St. Leger are married

May: Richard of York, son of Edward IV is named Duke of York

July: The Treaty of London is signed, in which England and Burgundy are aligned

September 5: Thomas Grey and Cecily Bonville, Lady Harington and Bonville are married

1475

Thomas Grey is named Marquess of Dorset

February 25: Edward of Clarence is born to George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville at Warwick Castle

July 4: Edward IV lands in Calais in support of Burgundy against France

August 29: The Treaty of Picquigny is signed, in which England and France make peace

November 2: Anne of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Westminster

1476

Edward of Gloucester is born to Richard, Duke of Gloucester and Anne Neville, Duchess of Gloucester at Middleham

February 1: Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, dies

December 22: Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence dies

1477

March: George of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Windsor Castle

1478

George of York, son of Edward IV is named Duke of Bedford

January 15: Richard, Duke of York, son of Edward IV and Anne de Mowbray, Countess of Norfolk are married

February 3: Edward Stafford is born to Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham and Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham at Brecon Castle

February 18: George, Duke of Clarence is convicted of treason against Edward IV and executed in the Tower of London

1479

March: George of York, Duke of Bedford, son of Edward IV dies at Windsor Castle

August 14: Katherine of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Eltham Palace

1480

August 1: The Treaty of Perpetual Friendship is signed between England and Burgundy

November 10: Bridget of York is born to Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville at Eltham Palace

1482

May 23: Mary of York, daughter of Edward IV dies at Greenwich Palace

August 1: Richard, Duke of Gloucester invades Scotland and captures Edinburgh

August 24: Scotland surrenders Berwick-upon-Tweed to Richard, Duke of Gloucester

1483

April 9: Edward IV dies at Westminster; Edward V ascends the English throne and Richard, Duke of Gloucester is named Lord Protector

June 13: Richard III has William, Lord Hastings executed at the Tower of London

June 20: Parliament declares Edward V illegitimate; Richard III ascends the English throne

June 25: Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers and Richard Grey is executed at Pontefract Castle

July 6: Richard III and Anne Neville are crowned King and Queen of England at Westminster Abbey

August: Edward V and Richard, Duke of York are last seen at the Tower of London

September 8: Edward of Gloucester, son of Richard III is made Prince of Wales at York Minster

October: A rebellion led by Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham is put down by Richard III

November 2: Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham is executed in Salisbury on the orders of Richard III

1484

Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas, Lord Scrope are married

Anne of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas Howard are betrothed

April 9: Edward of Gloucester, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III dies at Middleham

September 21: The Treaty of Nottingham is signed between England and Scotland

December: Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond pledges to marry Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV

The House of Tudor

1485

The marriage of Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas, Lord Scrope is annulled

March 16: Anne Neville dies at Westminster

August 22: The Battle of Bosworth Field is fought in which Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond defeats Richard III. Henry VII is declared king of England. Richard III is killed in battle

October 30: Henry VII is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey; Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke is made Duke of Bedford

November 7: Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford and Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham are married

December 16: Katherine of Aragon is born to Ferdinand II, King of Spain and Isabella of Castile, Queen of Spain in Alcala de Henares

1486

January 18: Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV are married at Westminster Abbey

April: The Stafford and Lovell rebellion is put down by Henry VII

September 20: Arthur Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Winchester

1487

Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV and John, Lord Welles are married

May 24: Lambert Simnel is crowned Edward VI in Dublin, Ireland, claiming to be Edward of Clarence

June 16: The Battle of Stoke Field is fought, in which a rebellion led by John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln and Francis, Lord Lovell is defeated by Henry VII

November: Margaret of Clarence, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence, and Sir Richard Pole are married

1488

November 25: Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV is crowned queen of England at Westminster Abbey

1489

February 14: The Treaty of Redon is signed, in which England allies with Brittany against France

March 26: The Treaty of Medina del Campo is signed in which England allies with Spain and Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII and Katherine of Aragon are betrothed

November 28: Margaret Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Westminster

November 29: Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII, is named Prince of Wales

1491

June 28: Henry Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Greenwich Palace

November: Perkin Warbeck lands in England to take the throne, claiming to be Richard, Duke of York, son of Edward IV

1492

Edward of Clarence, son of George, Duke of Clarence is named Earl of Warwick

June 8: Elizabeth Woodville dies at Bermondsey Abbey

June 28: Elizabeth Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Richmond Palace

November 3: The Peace of Etaples is signed between England and France, ending French support for Perkin Warbeck

1494

May: Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor recognizes Perkin Warbeck as the rightful king of England at the behest of Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York

1495

February 4: Anne of York, daughter of Edward IV and Thomas Howard are married at Westminster Abbey

May 31: Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, daughter of Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland dies at Berkhamsted Castle

July 3: Perkin Warbeck lands at Kent, only to be rerouted to Ireland and then Scotland

September 14: Elizabeth of York, daughter of Henry VII dies at Eltham Palace

October: Katherine of York, daughter of Edward IV and William Courtenay are married

December 21: Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, son of Katherine of Valois, dies at Thornbury Castle

1496

March 5: Henry VII issues letter patent to John Cabot and his sons to discover “unknown lands”

March 18: Mary Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Sheen Palace

September 21 – 25: James IV, King of Scotland invades Northumberland in support of Perkin Warbeck

1497

May 18: Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Bedford dies

September 7: Perkin Warbeck lands at Whitesand Bay in England

September 10: Perkin Warbeck is proclaimed king of England in Bodmin, England

September 30: The Treaty of Ayton is signed between England and Scotland

October 5: Perkin Warbeck is captured at Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire

1499

February 21: Edmund Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at Greenwich Palace and made Duke of Somerset

May 19: The first proxy of wedding between Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales and Katherine of Aragon is celebrated

November 23: Perkin Warbeck is executed in Tyburn

November 28: Edward of Clarence, Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence is executed at the Tower of London

1500

March 12: Reginald Pole is born to Sir Richard Pole and Margaret of Clarence, Lady Pole at Stourton Castle. He was one of five children born to the couple.

June 19: Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset, son of Henry VII dies

1501

Anne Boleyn is born to Thomas Boleyn and Elizabeth Howard, Lady Boleyn

September 20: Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset dies in London

October 2: Katherine of Aragon arrives in England

November 4: Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales and Henry VII meet Katherine of Aragon for first time

November 14: Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales and Katherine of Aragon are married at St. Paul’s Cathedral

1502

Cecily of York, daughter of Edward IV, and Thomas Kyme are married

January 24: The Treaty of Perpetual Peace is signed between England and Scotland; both countries also sign a marriage agreement between Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and James IV, King of Scotland

April 2: Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VII, dies at Ludlow Castle

May 6: James Tyrell is executed for murdering Edward V and Richard, Duke of York

June 19: The Treaty of Aachen is signed between England and the Holy Roman Empire

1503

Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York dies

January 25: The proxy marriage between Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and James IV, King of England is celebrated at Richmond Palace

February 2: Katherine Tudor is born to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York at the Tower of London

February 10: Katherine Tudor, daughter of Henry VII dies at the Tower of London

February 11: Elizabeth of York dies at the Tower of London

August 8: Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and James IV, King of Scotland are married at Holyrood Abbey

November 23: Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, daughter of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York dies in Flanders

1504

February 18: Henry Tudor, son of Henry VII is named Prince of Wales

1505

June 28: Marriage between Henry Tudor, Prince of Wales and Katherine of Aragon, Dowager Princess of Wales is postponed when Spain fails to pay her full dowry

1506

April 24: Edmund de la Pole, son of Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk is imprisoned as a rival claimant to the throne

1507

August 24: Cecily of York, Lady Welles, daughter of Edward IV, dies on the Isle 