On this day -- August 9
1945  World War II: Nagasaki is devastated when an atomic bomb, Fat Man, is dropped by the United States B-29 Bockscar. Thirty-five thousand people are killed outright, including 23,20028,200 Japanese war workers, 2,000 Korean forced workers, and 150 Japanese soldiers. The city of Nagasaki had been one of the largest seaports in southern Japan, and was of great wartime importance because of its wide-ranging industrial activity, including the production of ordnance, ships, military equipment, and other war materials. The four largest companies in the city were Mitsubishi Shipyards, Electrical Shipyards, Arms Plant, and Steel and Arms Works, which employed about 90 percent of the city's labor force, and accounted for 90 percent of the city's industry. Although an important industrial city, Nagasaki had been spared from firebombing because its geography made it difficult to locate at night with AN/APQ-13 radar. In contrast to Hiroshima, almost all of the buildings were of old-fashioned Japanese construction, consisting of timber or timber-framed buildings with timber walls (with or without plaster) and tile roofs. Many of the smaller industries and business establishments were also situated in buildings of timber or other materials not designed to withstand explosions. Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley. On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 people were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents, 10,000 Korean residents, 2,500 conscripted Korean workers, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, 600 conscripted Chinese workers, and 400 Allied prisoners of war in a camp to the north of Nagasaki. At 03:47 Tinian time (GMT+10), 02:47 Japanese time, on the morning of 9 August 1945, Bockscar, flown by Sweeney's crew, lifted off from Tinian island with the Fat Man, with Kokura as the primary target and Nagasaki the secondary target. The mission plan for the second attack was nearly identical to that of the Hiroshima mission, with two B-29s flying an hour ahead as weather scouts and two additional B-29s in Sweeney's flight for instrumentation and photographic support of the mission. Sweeney took off with his weapon already armed but with the electrical safety plugs still engaged. After exceeding the original departure time limit by nearly a half-hour, Bockscar, accompanied by The Great Artiste, proceeded to Kokura, thirty minutes away. The delay at the rendezvous had resulted in clouds and drifting smoke over Kokura from fires started by a major firebombing raid by 224 B-29s on nearby Yahata the previous day. Additionally, the Yahata Steel Works intentionally burned coal tar, to produce black smoke. The clouds and smoke resulted in 70 percent of the area over Kokura being covered, obscuring the aiming point. With fuel running low because of the failed fuel pump, Bockscar and The Great Artiste headed for their secondary target, Nagasaki. At 11:01 Japanese Time, a last-minute break in the clouds over Nagasaki allowed Bockscar's bombardier, Captain Kermit Beahan, to visually sight the target as ordered. Although the bomb was more powerful than the one used on Hiroshima, its effects were confined by hillsides to the narrow Urakami Valley. Of 7,500 Japanese employees who worked inside the Mitsubishi Munitions plant, including 'mobilized' students and regular workers, 6,200 were killed. Some 17,00022,000 others who worked in other war plants and factories in the city died as well. The 1946 Manhattan Project report estimated 39,000 dead and 25,000 injured, and the 1951 U.S.-led Joint Commission report estimated 39,214 dead and 25,153 injured; Japanese-led reconsiderations in the 1970s estimated 70,000 dead in Nagasaki by the end of the year. A modern estimate by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) estimates a city population of 250,000 to 270,000 at the time of the bombing, of which 60,000 to 80,000 died by the end of the year. There were plans for further attacks on Japan following Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Groves expected to have another 'Fat Man' atomic bomb ready for use on 19 August, with three more in September and a further three in October. A second Little Boy bomb (using U-235) would not be available until December 1945.
North Texas e-News
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August 9 is the 221st day of the year (222nd inleap years) in theGregorian calendar; 144 days remain until the end of the year.

48 BC Caesar's Civil War:Battle of Pharsalus:Julius Caesar decisively defeatsPompey atPharsalus and Pompey flees toEgypt.[1]

378 Gothic War:Battle of Adrianople: A largeRoman army led by EmperorValens is defeated by theVisigoths. Valens is killed along with over half of his army.[2]

1173  Construction of thecampanile of theCathedral of Pisa (now known as theLeaning Tower of Pisa) begins; it will take two centuries to complete.

1329 Quilon, the firstIndian Christian Diocese, is erected byPope John XXII; the French-born Jordanus is appointed the first Bishop.

1428  Sources cite biggestcaravan trade betweenPodvisoki andRepublic of Ragusa.Vlachs committed toRagusan lord Tomo Bunić, that they will with 600horses deliver 1,500modius ofsalt. Delivery was meant for Dobrain Veseoković, and Vlachs price was half of delivered salt.[3]

1500 OttomanVenetian War (14991503): The Ottomans captureMethoni, Messenia.

1610  TheFirst Anglo-Powhatan War begins incolonial Virginia.

1810 Napoleon annexesWestphalia as part of theFirst French Empire.

1814 American Indian Wars: TheCreek sign theTreaty of Fort Jackson, giving up huge parts ofAlabama andGeorgia.

1830 Louis Philippe becomes the king of the French following abdication of Charles X.

1842  TheWebsterAshburton Treaty is signed, establishing the United StatesCanada border east of theRocky Mountains.

1854  AmericanTranscendentalist philosopherHenry David Thoreau publishes his memoirWalden.[4]

1855 Åland War: TheBattle of Suomenlinna begins.[5]

1862 American Civil War:Battle of Cedar Mountain: AtCedar Mountain, Virginia,Confederate GeneralStonewall Jackson narrowly defeatsUnion forces under GeneralJohn Pope.

1877 American Indian Wars:Battle of the Big Hole: A small band ofNez Percé Indians clash with theUnited States Army.

1892 Thomas Edison receives apatent for a two-waytelegraph.

1897  The firstInternational Congress of Mathematicians is held inZürich,Switzerland.[6]

1902 Edward VII andAlexandra of Denmark arecrowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.[7]

1907  The firstBoy Scoutencampment concludes atBrownsea Island in southern England.

1925  Atrain robbery takes place inKakori, nearLucknow, India, by the Indian independence revolutionaries, against British government.

1936 Summer Olympics:Jesse Owens wins his fourth gold medal at the games.

1942 World War II:Battle of Savo Island:Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of theBattle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by anImperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.

1942 Dmitri Shostakovich's 7th symphonyis premiered in abesieged Leningrad.[8]

1944  TheUnited States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuringSmokey Bear for the first time.

1944  World War II:Continuation War: TheVyborgPetrozavodsk Offensive, the largest offensive launched by Soviet Union against Finland during the Second World War, ends to a strategic stalemate. Both Finnish and Soviet troops at the Finnish front dug to defensive positions, and the front remains stable until the end of the war.

1945  World War II:Nagasaki isdevastated when anatomic bomb,Fat Man, is dropped by the United StatesB-29Bockscar. Thirty-five thousand people are killed outright, including 23,20028,200 Japanese war workers, 2,000 Korean forced workers, and 150 Japanese soldiers.

1945  TheRed Armyinvades Japanese-occupied Manchuria.

1960 South Kasai secedes from theCongo.

1965 Singapore isexpelled fromMalaysia and becomes the only country to date to gain independence unwillingly.

1969 TateLaBianca murders: Followers ofCharles Manson murder pregnant actressSharon Tate (wife ofRoman Polanski),coffee heiressAbigail Folger, Polish actorWojciech Frykowski, men's hairstylistJay Sebring and recent high-school graduateSteven Parent.

1970 LANSA Flight 502 crashes after takeoff fromAlejandro Velasco Astete International Airport inCusco,Peru, killing 99 of the 100 people on board, as well as two people on the ground.[9]

1971 The Troubles: InNorthern Ireland, the British authorities launchOperation Demetrius. The operation involves the mass arrest and internment without trial of individuals suspected of being affiliated with theIrish Republican Army (PIRA). Mass riots follow, and thousands of people flee or are forced out of their homes.[10]

1973 Mars 7 is launched from the USSR.

1974  As a direct result of theWatergate scandal,Richard Nixon becomes the first President of the United States to resign from office.Vice PresidentGerald Ford becomes president.

1991  The Italian prosecuting magistrateAntonino Scopelliti is murdered by the'Ndrangheta on behalf of theSicilian Mafia while preparing the government's case in the final appeal of theMaxi Trial.

1993  TheLiberal Democratic Party of Japan loses a 38-year hold on national leadership.

1995 Aviateca Flight 901 crashes into theSan Vicente volcano inEl Salvador, killing all 65 people on board.[11]

1999  Russian PresidentBoris Yeltsin fires his Prime Minister,Sergei Stepashin, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet.

2006  At least 21 suspected terrorists are arrested in the2006 transatlantic aircraft plot that happened in the United Kingdom. The arrests are made in London,Birmingham, andHigh Wycombe in an overnight operation.

2007 Air Moorea Flight 1121 crashes after takeoff fromMoorea Airport inFrench Polynesia, killing all 20 people on board.[12]

2012 Shannon Eastin becomes the first woman to officiate anNFL game.[13]

2013  Gunmenopen fire at aSunni mosque in the city ofQuetta killing at least ten people and injuring 30.

2014  Michael Brown, an 18-year-old African American male inFerguson, Missouri, isshot and killed by aFerguson police officer after reportedly assaulting the officer and attempting to steal his weapon, sparkingprotests and unrest in the city.

2021  TheTampere light rail officially starts operating.[14]

1201 Arnold Fitz Thedmar, English historian and merchant (d. 1274)

1537 Francesco Barozzi, Italianmathematician andastronomer (d. 1604)[15]

1544 Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1606)

1590 John Webster, colonial settler and governor of Connecticut (d. 1661)

1603 Johannes Cocceius, German-Dutch theologian and academic (d. 1669)

1611 Henry of Nassau-Siegen, German count, officer in the Dutch Army, diplomat for the Dutch Republic (b. 1611)[16]

1648 Johann Michael Bach, German composer (d. 1694)[17]

1653 John Oldham, English poet and translator (d. 1683)

1674 Frantiek Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect, designed theVeltrusy Mansion (d. 1766)

1696 Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1772)

1722 Prince Augustus William of Prussia (d. 1758)[18]

1726 Francesco Cetti, Italian priest,zoologist, andmathematician (d. 1778)

1748 Bernhard Schott, German music publisher (d. 1809)[19]

1757 Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, American humanitarian; wife ofAlexander Hamilton (d. 1854)

1757 Thomas Telford, Scottish architect and engineer, designed theMenai Suspension Bridge (d. 1834)

1776 Amedeo Avogadro, Italian physicist and chemist (d. 1856)

1783 Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia (d. 1801)

1788 Adoniram Judson, American missionary andlexicographer (d. 1850)

1797 Charles Robert Malden, English lieutenant and surveyor (d. 1855)

1805 Joseph Locke, English engineer and politician (d. 1860)

1845 André Bessette, Canadian saint (d. 1937)

1847 Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, French-Italian wife ofAmadeo I of Spain (d. 1876)

1848 Alfred David Benjamin, Australian-born businessman and philanthropist. (d. 1900)

1861 Dorothea Klumpke, American astronomer and academic (d. 1942)

1867 Evelina Haverfield, Scottish nurse and activist (d. 1920)

1872 Archduke Joseph August of Austria (d. 1962)

1874 Reynaldo Hahn, Venezuelan composer and conductor (d. 1947)

1875 Albert Ketèlbey, English pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1959)

1878 Eileen Gray, Irish architect and furniture designer (d. 1976)

1879 John Willcock, Australian politician, 15thPremier of Western Australia, (d. 1956)

1881 Prince Antônio Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, Brazilian prince (d. 1918)

1890 Eino Kaila, Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (d. 1958)

1896 Erich Hückel, German physicist and chemist (d. 1980)

1896 Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist and philosopher (d. 1980)

1899 P. L. Travers, Australian-English author and actress (d. 1996)

1900 Charles Farrell, American actor and singer (d. 1990)

1902 Zino Francescatti, French violinist (d. 1991)

1902 Panteleimon Ponomarenko, Russian general and politician (d. 1984)

1905 Leo Genn, British actor and barrister (d. 1978)

1909 Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, Indian scholar, author, and academic (d. 1992)

1909 Willa Beatrice Player, American educator, first Black woman college president (d. 2003)[20]

1909 Adam von Trott zu Solz, German lawyer and diplomat (d. 1944)

1911 William Alfred Fowler, American astronomer and astrophysicist,Nobel Laureate (d. 1996)

1911 Eddie Futch, American boxer and trainer (d. 2001)

1911 John McQuade, Northern Irish soldier, boxer, and politician (d. 1984)

1913 Wilbur Norman Christiansen, Australian astronomer and engineer (d. 2007)

1914 Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian-Austrian conductor and director (d. 1963)

1914 Tove Jansson, Finnish author and illustrator (d. 2001)

1914 Joe Mercer, English footballer and manager (d. 1990)

1915 Mareta West, American astronomer and geologist (d. 1998)

1918 Kermit Beahan, American colonel (d. 1989)

1918 Giles Cooper, Irish soldier and playwright (d. 1966)

1918 Albert Seedman, American police officer (d. 2013)

1919 Joop den Uyl, Dutch journalist, economist, and politician,Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1987)

1919 Ralph Houk, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010)

1920 Enzo Biagi, Italian journalist and author (d. 2007)

1921 Ernest Angley, American evangelist and author (d. 2021)

1921 J. James Exon, American soldier and politician, 33rdGovernor of Nebraska (d. 2005)

1922 Philip Larkin, English poet and novelist (d. 1985)

1924 Mathews Mar Barnabas, Indian metropolitan (d. 2012)

1924 Frank Martínez, American soldier and painter (d. 2013)

1925 David A. Huffman, American computer scientist, developedHuffman coding (d. 1999)

1926 Denis Atkinson, Barbadian cricketer (d. 2001)

1927 Daniel Keyes, American short story writer and novelist (d. 2014)

1927 Robert Shaw, English actor and screenwriter (d. 1978)

1928 Bob Cousy, American basketball player and coach[21]

1928 Camilla Wicks, American violinist and educator (d. 2020)

1928 Dolores Wilson, American soprano and actress (d. 2010)

1929 Abdi İpekçi, Turkish journalist and activist (d. 1979)

1930 Milt Bolling, American baseball player and scout (d. 2013)

1930 Jacques Parizeau, Canadian economist and politician, 26thPremier of Quebec (d. 2015)

1931 Chuck Essegian, American baseball player and lawyer

1931 James Freeman Gilbert, American geophysicist and academic (d. 2014)

1931 Paula Kent Meehan, American businesswoman, co-foundedRedken (d. 2014)

1931 Mário Zagallo, Brazilian footballer and coach (d. 2024)[22]

1932 Tam Dalyell, Scottish academic and politician (d. 2017)

1932 John Gomery, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2021)

1933 Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, Japanese actress, talk show host, and author

1935 Beverlee McKinsey, American actress (d. 2008)

1936 Julián Javier, Dominican-American baseball player

1936 Patrick Tse, Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

1938 Leonid Kuchma, Ukrainian engineer and politician, 2ndPresident of Ukraine

1938 Rod Laver, Australian tennis player and coach

1938 Otto Rehhagel, German footballer, coach, and manager

1939 Hércules Brito Ruas, Brazilian footballer

1939 Vincent Hanna, Northern Irish journalist (d. 1997)

1939 The Mighty Hannibal, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2014)

1939 Billy Henderson, American singer (d. 2007)

1939 Bulle Ogier, French actress and screenwriter

1939 Romano Prodi, Italian academic and politician, 52ndPrime Minister of Italy

1939 Butch Warren, American bassist (d. 2013)

1940 Linda Keen, American mathematician and academic

1942 David Steinberg, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

1943 Ken Norton, American boxer and actor (d. 2013)[23]

1944 George Armstrong, English footballer (d. 2000)

1944 Patrick Depailler, French racing driver (d. 1980)[24]

1944 Sam Elliott, American actor and producer[25]

1944 Patricia McKissack, American soldier, engineer, and author (d. 2017)

1945 Barbara Delinsky, American author

1945 Aleksandr Gorelik, Russian figure skater and sportscaster (d. 2012)

1945 Posy Simmonds, English author and illustrator

1946 Rinus Gerritsen, Dutch rock bass player

1947 Roy Hodgson, English footballer and manager

1947 Barbara Mason, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter

1947 John Varley, American author

1948 Bill Campbell, American baseball player and coach (d. 2023)

1949 Jonathan Kellerman, American psychologist and author

1949 Ted Simmons, American baseball player and coach

1951 James Naughtie, Scottish journalist and radio host

1951 Steve Swisher, American baseball player and manager

1952 Prateep Ungsongtham Hata, Thai activist and politician

1953 Kay Stenshjemmet, Norwegian speed skater

1953 Jean Tirole, French economist and academic,Nobel Prize laureate

1954 Ray Jennings, South African cricketer and coach

1954 Pete Thomas, English drummer

1955 John E. Sweeney, American lawyer and politician

1956 Gordon Singleton, Canadian Olympic cyclist (d. 2024)

1957 Melanie Griffith, American actress and producer[21]

1958 Amanda Bearse, American actress, comedian and director

1958 Calie Pistorius, South African engineer and academic

1959 Kurtis Blow, American rapper, producer, and actor

1959 Michael Kors, American fashion designer[21]

1961 Brad Gilbert, American tennis player and sportscaster

1961 John Key, New Zealand businessman and politician, 38thPrime Minister of New Zealand[26]

1962 Louis Lipps, American football player and radio host

1962 Kevin Mack, American football player

1962 John "Hot Rod" Williams, American basketball player (d. 2015)

1963 Whitney Houston, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (d. 2012)[27]

1963 Jay Leggett, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)

1963 Barton Lynch, Australian surfer

1964 Brett Hull, Canadian-American ice hockey player and manager

1964 Hoda Kotb, American journalist and television personality[21]

1965 Nitin Chandrakant Desai, Indian art director, production designer, and film and television producer (d. 2023)[28]

1966 Vinny Del Negro, American basketball player and coach

1966 Linn Ullmann, Norwegian journalist and author

1967 Deion Sanders, American football and baseball player[21]

1968 Gillian Anderson, American-British actress, activist and writer[21]

1968 Eric Bana, Australian actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter[21]

1968 Sam Fogarino, American drummer

1968 McG, American director and producer

1969 Troy Percival, American baseball player and coach

1970 Rod Brind'Amour, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

1970 Chris Cuomo, American lawyer and journalist

1970 Thomas Lennon, American actor and comedian[29]

1972 Juanes, Colombian singer and songwriter[30]

1973 Filippo Inzaghi, Italian footballer and manager

1973 Kevin McKidd, Scottish actor and director[21]

1973 Gene Luen Yang, American author and illustrator

1974 Derek Fisher, American basketball player and coach

1974 Stephen Fung, Hong Kong actor, singer, director, and screenwriter

1974 Lesley McKenna, Scottish snowboarder[31]

1974 Matt Morris, American baseball player

1974 Kirill Reznik, American lawyer and politician

1974 Raphaël Poirée, French biathlete

1975 Mahesh Babu, Indian actor and producer

1975 Valentin Kovalenko, Uzbek football referee

1975 Mike Lamb, American baseball player

1975 Robbie Middleby, Australian soccer player

1976 Rhona Mitra, English actress and singer

1976 Audrey Tautou, French model and actress

1976 Jessica Capshaw, American actress

1977 Jason Frasor, American baseball player

1977 Chamique Holdsclaw, American basketball player

1977 Ravshan Irmatov, Uzbek football referee

1977 Adewale Ogunleye, American football player

1977 Ime Udoka, American basketball player and coach

1977 Mikaël Silvestre, French footballer

1978 Dorin Chirtoacă, Moldavian lawyer and politician,Mayor of Chișinău

1978 Ana Serradilla, Mexican actress and producer

1978 Wesley Sonck, Belgian footballer

1979 Michael Kingma, Australian basketball player

1979 Lisa Nandy, British politician

1979 Tony Stewart, American football player

1981 Jarvis Hayes, American basketball player

1981 Li Jiawei, Singaporean table tennis player

1982 Joel Anthony, American basketball player

1982 Tyson Gay, American sprinter[32]

1982 Yekaterina Samutsevich, Russian singer and activist

1982 Kanstantsin Sivtsov, Belarusian cyclist

1983 Dan Levy, Canadian actor and comedian[33]

1983 Hamilton Masakadza, Zimbabwean cricketer[34]

1983 Shane O'Brien, Canadian ice hockey player

1983 Alicja Smietana, Polish-English violinist

1984 Paul Gallagher, Scottish footballer

1985 Luca Filippi, Italian racing driver

1985 Filipe Luís, Brazilian footballer

1985 Anna Kendrick, American actress and singer[21]

1985 Hayley Peirsol, American swimmer

1985 JaMarcus Russell, American football player

1985 Chandler Williams, American football player (d. 2013)

1986 Michael Lerchl, German footballer

1986 Daniel Preussner, German rugby player

1986 Tyler Smith, American singer-songwriter and bass player

1987 Marek Niit, Estonian sprinter

1988 Anthony Castonzo, American football player

1988 Willian, Brazilian footballer

1988 Vasilios Koutsianikoulis, Greek footballer

1989 Jason Heyward, American baseball player

1989 Stefano Okaka, Italian footballer

1989 Kento Ono, Japanese actor and model

1990 İshak Doğan, Turkish footballer

1990 Sarah McBride, American LGBT activist

1990 Stuart McInally, Scottish rugby player

1990 Brice Roger, French skier

1990 D'Arcy Short, Australian cricketer[35]

1990 Bill Skarsgård, Swedish actor[21]

1991 Alice Barlow, English actress

1991 Alexa Bliss, American bodybuilder and wrestler

1991 Hansika Motwani, Indian actress[36]

1992 Farahnaz Forotan, Afghan journalist[37]

1993 Jun.Q, South Korean singer and actor

1993 Dipa Karmakar, Indian gymnast[38]

1994 Kelli Hubly, American soccer player

1994 King Von, American rapper (d. 2020)[39]

1995 Eli Apple, American football player

1995 Justice Smith, American actor[21]

1996 Sanya Lopez, Filipino actress and model

1999 Deniss Vasiļjevs, Latvian figure skater

2000 Arlo Parks, British singer-songwriter[40]

2005 Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva, Andorran tennis player[41]

378 Traianus, Roman general

378 Valens, Roman emperor (b. 328)

803 Irene of Athens, Byzantine ruler (b. 752)[42]

833 Al-Ma'mun, Iraqicaliph (b. 786)

1048 Pope Damasus II[43]

1107 Emperor Horikawa of Japan (b. 1079)

1173 Najm ad-Din Ayyub, Kurdish soldier and politician

1211 William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, exiled Anglo-Norman baron (b. 1144/53)

1260 Walter of Kirkham, Bishop of Durham

1296 Hugh, Count of Brienne, French crusader

1341 Eleanor of Anjou, queen consort of Sicily (b. 1289)

1354 Stephen, Duke of Slavonia, Hungarian prince (b. 1332)

1420 Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian and cardinal (b. 1351)

1516 Hieronymus Bosch, Early Netherlandish painter (b. circa 1450)

1534 Thomas Cajetan, Italian cardinal and philosopher (b. 1470)

1580 Metrophanes III of Constantinople (b. 1520)

1601 Michael the Brave, Romanian prince (b. 1558)

1634 William Noy, English lawyer and judge (b. 1577)

1720 Simon Ockley, English orientalist and academic (b. 1678)

1744 James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, English academic and politician,Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire (b. 1673)

1816 Johann August Apel, German jurist and author (b. 1771)

1861 Vincent Novello, English composer and publisher (b. 1781)

1886 Samuel Ferguson, Irish lawyer and poet (b. 1810)

1910 Huo Yuanjia, Chinese martial artist, co-founded theChin Woo Athletic Association (b. 1868)

1919 Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer and educator (b. 1857)

1920 Samuel Griffith, Welsh-Australian politician, 9thPremier of Queensland (b. 1845)

1932 John Charles Fields, Canadian mathematician, founder of theFields Medal (b. 1863)

1941 Richard Goss, ExecutedIrish Republican (b. 1915)[44]

1942 Edith Stein, German nun and saint (b. 1891)

1943 Chaïm Soutine, Belarusian-French painter and educator (b. 1893)

1945 Robert Hampton Gray, Canadian lieutenant and pilot,Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1917)

1945 Harry Hillman, American runner and coach (b. 1881)

1946 Bert Vogler, South African cricketer (b. 1876)

1948 Hugo Boss, German fashion designer, foundedHugo Boss (b. 1885)

1949 Edward Thorndike, American psychologist and academic (b. 1874)

1957 Carl Clauberg, GermanNazi physician (b. 1898)

1962 Hermann Hesse, German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter,Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)

1963 Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, American son ofJohn F. Kennedy (b. 1963)

1967 Joe Orton, English author and playwright (b. 1933)

1969 Wojciech Frykowski, Polish-American actor and author (b. 1936)

1969 Sharon Tate, American model and actress (b. 1943)

1969 C. F. Powell, English physicist and academic,Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)

1970 Jimmy Steele (Irish republican), lifelong militant and editor (b. 1907)[45]

1972 Sıddık Sami Onar, Turkish lawyer and academic (b. 1897)

1974 Bill Chase, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1934)

1975 Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1906)

1978 James Gould Cozzens, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1903)

1979 Walter O'Malley, American businessman (b. 1903)

1979 Raymond Washington, American gang leader, founded theCrips (b. 1953)

1980 Jacqueline Cochran, American pilot (b. 1906)

1980 Ruby Hurley, American civil rights activist (b. 1909)[46]

1981 Max Hoffman, Austrian-born car importer and businessman (b. 1904)

1985 Clive Churchill, Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1927)

1986 Eoin McNamee (Irish republican),Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (b. 1914)[47]

1988 M. Carl Holman, American author, educator, poet, and playwright (b. 1919)[48]

1988 Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (b. 1905)[49]

1990 Joe Mercer, English footballer and manager (b. 1914)

1992 Fereydoun Farrokhzad, Iranian singer and actor (b. 1938)

1995 Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)

1996 Frank Whittle, English soldier and engineer, invented thejet engine (b. 1907)

1999 Helen Rollason, English sports journalist and sportscaster (b. 1956)[50]

1999 Fouad Serageddin, Egyptian journalist and politician (b. 1910)

2000 John Harsanyi, Hungarian-American economist and academic,Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920)

2000 Nicholas Markowitz, American murder victim (b. 1984)

2002 Paul Samson, English guitarist (b. 1953)

2003 Jacques Deray, French director and screenwriter (b. 1929)

2003 Ray Harford, English footballer and manager (b. 1945)

2003 Gregory Hines, American actor, dancer, and choreographer (b. 1946)

2003 R. Sivagurunathan, Sri Lankan lawyer, journalist, and academic (b. 1931)

2004 Robert Lecourt, French lawyer and politician,Lord Chancellor of France (b. 1908)

2004 Tony Mottola, American guitarist and composer (b. 1918)

2004 David Raksin, American composer and educator (b. 1912)

2005 Judith Rossner, American author (b. 1935)

2006 Philip E. High, English author (b. 1914)

2006 James Van Allen, American physicist and academic (b. 1914)

2007 Joe O'Donnell, American photographer and journalist (b. 1922)

2008 Bernie Mac, American comedian, actor, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1957)

2008 Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian author and poet (b. 1941)

2010 Calvin "Fuzz" Jones, American singer and bass player (b. 1926)

2010 Ted Stevens, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1923)

2012 Carl Davis, American record producer (b. 1934)

2012 Gene F. Franklin, American engineer, theorist, and academic (b. 1927)

2012 Al Freeman, Jr., American actor, director, and educator (b. 1934)

2012 David Rakoff, Canadian-American actor and journalist (b. 1964)

2012 Carmen Belen Richardson, Puerto Rican-American actress (b. 1930)

2012 Mel Stuart, American director and producer (b. 1928)

2013 Harry Elliott, American baseball player and coach (b. 1923)

2013 Eduardo Falú, Argentinian guitarist and composer (b. 1923)

2013 William Lynch, Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1947)

2014 J. F. Ade Ajayi, Nigerian historian and academic (b. 1929)

2014 Andriy Bal, Ukrainian footballer and coach (b. 1958)

2014 Arthur G. Cohen, American businessman and philanthropist, co-foundedArlen Realty and Development Corporation (b. 1930)

2014 Ed Nelson, American actor (b. 1928)[51]

2015 Frank Gifford, American football player, sportscaster, and actor (b. 1930)

2015 John Henry Holland, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1929)

2015 Walter Nahún López, Honduran footballer (b. 1977)

2015 David Nobbs, English author and screenwriter (b. 1935)

2015 Kayyar Kinhanna Rai, Indian journalist, author, and poet (b. 1915)

2015 Fikret Otyam, Turkish painter and journalist (b. 1926)

2016 Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster, third-richest British citizen (b. 1951)[52]

2021 Pat Hitchcock, English actress and producer (b. 1928)[53]

2021 Killer Kau, South African rapper, dancer and record producer (b. 1998)[54]

2021 Zairaini Sarbini, Malaysian voice actress (b. 1972)[55]

2023 Robbie Robertson, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (b. 1943)[56]