Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic)
ben cahoon
1864 - Jan 1918

30 Dec 1922 - 25 Dec 1991

31 Aug 1991 - 3 Mar 1992

3 Mar 1992 - 11 Apr 2017

11 Apr 2017 - 22 Dec 2023

Adopted 22 Dec 2023

Khan of Kyrgyz (title in external relations: Uluu Manap [Great Lord])1842 - 1854 Ormon Khan (b. 1792  d. 1854)

Ruler of Alay Kyrgyz (title: Datka) 1865 - Aug 1876 Kurmanjan (f) (b. 1811  d. 1907) (originally under Kokand, from Feb 1876 in opposition to Russian rule)

Chairman of Belovodsk People's Council 7 Dec 1918 - 26 Dec 1918 Pavel Blagodarenko (in rebellion)(d. af.1926) PLSR

Presidents 27 Oct 1990 - 11 Apr 2005 Askar Akayevich Akayev (b. 1944) Non-party (left country 24 Mar 2005; in Russia exile from 24 Mar 2005) 24 Mar 2005 - 25 Mar 2005 Ishenbay Duyshonbyevich Kadyrbekov (b. 1949) Non-party (acting [notionally for absent Akayev]) 25 Mar 2005 - 15 Apr 2010 Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (b. 1949) KEK;2005 (acting [notionally for absent Akayev Non-party;to 11 Apr 2005] to 14 Aug 2005; Oct 2007 AZ deposed de facto 7 Apr 2010) 7 Apr 2010 - 1 Dec 2011 Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (f) (b. 1950) KSP/Non-party (chairman of provisional government to 3 Jul 2010 [style official but non-statutory from 19 May 2010]) 1 Dec 2011 - 24 Nov 2017 Almazbek Sharshenovich Atambayev (b. 1956) KSP 24 Nov 2017 - 15 Oct 2020 Sooronbay Sharipovich Zheenbekov (b. 1958) KSP

15 Oct 2020 - 14 Nov 2020 Sadyr Nurgozhoyevich Zhaparov (b. 1968) Mek

(1st time) (acting)

14 Nov 2020 - 28 Jan 2021 Talant Turdumamatovich Mamytov (b. 1976) RP

(acting)

28 Jan 2021 - Sadyr Nurgozhoyevich Zhaparov (s.a.) Mek

(2nd time)

Prime ministers 22 Jan 1991 - 29 Nov 1991 Nasirdin Isanovich Isanov (b. 1943 - d. 1991) Non-party 29 Nov 1991 - 19? Dec 1991 State Secretaries of the Cabinet of Ministers - Andrey Andreyevich Iordan (b. 1934 - d. 2006) Non-party (signed most documents on behalf of government) - Turar Koychuyevich Koychuyev (b. 1938) Non-party - Esenbek Duysheyevich Duysheyev (b. 1941) Non-party - Yan Yefimovich Fisher (b. 1937) Non-party - Amangeldy Mursadykovich Muraliyev (b. 1947) Non-party (acting) 19? Dec 1991 - 10 Feb 1992 Andrey Andreyevich Iordan (s.a.) Non-party 10 Feb 1992 - 13 Dec 1993 Tursunbek Chyngyshevich Chyngyshev (b. 1942) Non-party (acting to 27 Feb 1992) 13 Dec 1993 - 14 Dec 1993 Almanbet Matubraimovich Matubraimov (b. 1952) Non-party(acting) 14 Dec 1993 - 24 Mar 1998 Apas Dzhumagulovich Dzhumagulov (b. 1934) Non-party 24 Mar 1998 - 23 Dec 1998 Kubanychbek Myrzabekovich Zhumaliyev(b. 1956) Non-party (acting to 25 Mar 1998) 23 Dec 1998 - 25 Dec 1998 Boris Ivanovich Silayev (1st time) (b. 1946) Non-party (acting) 25 Dec 1998 - 4 Apr 1999 Zhumabek Ibraimovich Ibraimov (b. 1944 - d. 1999) Non-party 4 Apr 1999 - 12 Apr 1999 Boris Ivanovich Silayev (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party (acting) 12 Apr 1999 - 21 Dec 2000 Amangeldy Mursadykovich Muraliyev (s.a.) Non-party (acting to 21 Apr 1999 and from 11 Dec 2000) 21 Dec 2000 - 22 May 2002 Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (s.a.) Non-party (1st time) 22 May 2002 - 24 Mar 2005 Nikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev (b. 1945 - d. 2020) Non-party (acting to 30 May 2002) (left country 24 Mar 2005) 25 Mar 2005 - 15 Aug 2005 Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (s.a.) KEK/Non-party (2nd time) 20 Jun 2005 - 10 Jul 2005 Medetbek Temirbekovich Kerimkulov (b. 1949) Non-party (acting for Bakiyev) 15 Aug 2005 - 29 Jan 2007 Feliks Sharshenbayevich Kulov (b. 1948) ANR;2006 (acting to 2 Sep 2005 and from 19 Dec 2006) Non-party 29 Jan 2007 - 29 Mar 2007 Azim Beyshenbayevich Isabekov (b. 1960) Non-party 29 Mar 2007 - 28 Nov 2007 Almazbek Sharshenovich Atambayev (s.a.) KSP (acting to 30 Mar 2007 and from 24 Oct 2007) (1st time) 28 Nov 2007 - 24 Dec 2007 Iskenderbek Rysbekovich Aidaraliyev (b. 1955) Non-party (acting) 24 Dec 2007 - 21 Oct 2009 Igor Vitalyevich Chudinov (b. 1961)AZ 21 Oct 2009 - 7 Apr 2010 Daniyar Toktogulovich Usenov (b. 1960) AZ 7 Apr 2010 - 20 Dec 2010 Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (f) (s.a.) KSP (chairman of provisional government) 20 Dec 2010 - 1 Dec 2011 Almazbek Sharshenovich Atambayev (s.a.) KSP (2nd time) 23 Sep 2011 - 14 Nov 2011 Omurbek Toktogulovich Babanov (b. 1970) RP (acting for Atambayev) 1 Dec 2011 - 1 Sep 2012Omurbek Toktogulovich Babanov (s.a.) RP (1st time)(acting) 1 Sep 2012 - 6 Sep 2012 Aaly Azimovich Karashev (acting) (b. 1968) RP 6 Sep 2012 - 26 Mar 2014 Zhantoro Zholdoshevich Satybaldiyev (b. 1956) Non-party (acting from 19 Mar 2014) 26 Mar 2014 - 2 May 2015 Zhoomart Kaipovich Otorbayev (b. 1955) ATM (acting to 4 Apr 2014 and from 24 Apr 2015) 2 May 2015 - 13 Apr 2016 Temir Argembayevich Sariyev (b. 1963) AS (acting 28 Oct - 5 Nov 2015) 13 Apr 2016 - 22 Aug 2017 Sooronbay Sharipovich Zheenbekov (s.a.) KSP (acting 26 Oct - 11 Nov 2016) 22 Aug 2017 - 26 Aug 2017 Mukhammetkalyy Dyushekeyevich (b. 1968) Non-party Abulgaziyev (1st time)(acting) 26 Aug 2017 - 20 Apr 2018 Sapar Dzhumakadyrovich Isakov (b. 1977) KSP 20 Apr 2018 - 16 Jun 2020 Mukhammetkalyy Dyushekeyevich (s.a.) Non-party Abulgaziyev (2nd time)

16 Jun 2020 - 9 Oct 2020 Kubatbek Ayylchiyevich Boronov (b. 1964) Non-party

(acting to 17 Jun 2020 and 9 Oct 2020)

9 Oct 2020 - 14 Oct 2020 Almazbek Baatyrbekovich Baatyrbekov (b. 1970) SPK

(acting)

14 Oct 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Sadyr Nurgozhoyevich Zhaparov (s.a.) Mek

15 Nov 2020 - 3 Feb 2021 Artyom Eduardovich Novikov (b. 1987) Non-party

(acting [for Zhaparov to 20 Jan 2021])

3 Feb 2021 - 5 May 2021 Ulukbek Asamidinovich Maripov (b. 1979) Non-party

Chairmen of the Cabinet of Ministers

5 May 2021 - 12 Oct 2021 Ulukbek Asamidinovich Maripov (s.a.) Non-party

12 Oct 2021 - Akylbek Usenbekovich Zhaparov (b. 1964) ANR

(acting to 13 Oct 2021)

Territorial Disputes: Disputes in the Isfara Valley continue to delay completion of border delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation of approximately 15% or 200 km of border with Kyrgyzstan has been hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas. Formerly there were several enclaves along the Kyrgzystan-Uzbekistan border: one Kyrgyz enclave in Uzbekistan (Barak), and four Uzbek enclaves within Kyrgyzstan (Sokh, Shohimardon, Jani-Ayil/Jhangail and Chong-Kara/Qalacha), in accordance with the terms of a bilateral agreement, Barak was absorbed by Uzbekistan, with Kyrgyzstan receiving an equivalent parcel of Uzbekistan's Andijon province in exchange on 15 Apr 2024, in accordance with May 2023 approval of demarcations by the Nov 2022 Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan ratification of the final treaty delimiting their border.

Party abbreviations:ANR = Ar-Namys/Dostoinstvo (Dignity, conservative, Russophile, est.1999); AS = Akshumkar/Ak Shumkar (White Falcon Party, liberal conservative, est.2005); ATM = Ata-Meken Sotsialisttik Partiyası/Sotsialisticheskaya Partiya Ata-Meken (Ata-Meken Socialist Party, social democratic, liberal, est.1999); KSP = Kırgızstan Sotsial-demokratiyalık Partiyası/Sotsial-demokraticheskaya Partiya Kyrgyzstana (Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan, center-left, social democratic, est.1 Oct 1993); MBM = Mamlekettik Birimdik jana Mekençildik sayasiy partiyası "Bir Bol" (State Unity and Patriotic Political Party "Bir Bol", liberalism, Russophile, est.28 Jun 2010); Mek = Mekenchil (Patriotic Party, nationalist, est.2010); RP = Respublika (Republic, populist, conservative, merged with Ata Zhurt as Respublika-Ata Zhurt 20 Oct 2014-May 2020, est.Jun 2010); SPK= Sayasiy Partiyası"Kırgızstan" (Political Party "Kyrgzstan", centrist, Pro-Zheenbekov, est.May 2015);- Former parties: AZ = Ak Zhol/Yarkiy Put' (Bright Path, pro-presidential, 15 Oct 2007-2010); KEK = Kırgızstan Eldik Kıymılı/Narodnoye Dvizheniye Kyrgyzstana (People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan, anti-Akayev opposition alliance, 22 Sep 2004-2010?); PLSR = Partiya Levykh Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, 19171923, split from PSR, allied with RSDRP-B/RKP)

Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

30 Apr 1929 - 5 Dec 1936 Unapproved Draft Flag

23 Mar 1937 - 1940

1940 - 22 Dec 1952

22 Dec 1952 - 3 Mar 1992

Capital: Frunze

(Pishpek 1924-1926) Hear SSR Anthem

"Kyrgyz Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikasynyn

Mamlekettik Gimni"

(State Anthem of

Kirghiz S.S.R.)

(1946-18 Dec 1992) Constitution

(20 Apr 1978;

23 Mar 1937) Population: 2,295,689 (1989)

14 Oct 1924 Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (Kara-Kyrgyz avtonomiâluu oblasty/

Kara-Kirgizskaya avtonomnaya oblast') formed, within Russian

S.F.S.R. 25 May 1925 Renamed Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (Kyrgyz avtonomiâluu oblasty/

Kirgizskaya avtonomnaya oblast'). 7 Mar 1927 Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (Kyrgyz Avtonomiâluu

Socialisttik Sovettik Respublikasy/Kirgizskaya Avtonomnaya

Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika), formed within

the Russian S.F.S.R. 5 Dec 1936 Accession to the Soviet Union (see under Russia).

5 Dec 1936 Becomes Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kyrgyz Sovettik

Socialisttik Respublikasy/Kirgizskaya Sovetskaya

Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika).

1 Oct 1989 Kyrgyz is declared state language.

First Secretary of the Kara-Kirghiz Interim Regional Bureau of the Russian Communist

Party (Bolsheviks)

18 Oct 1924 - 27 Mar 1925 Mikhail Davidovich Kamenskiy (b. 1899 - d. 1963)

First Secretaries of the Oblast Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

for the Kara-Kyrgyz (from 25 May 1925 Kirgiz) Autonomous Oblast

Nov 1924 - Aug 1925 Yusup Abdrakhmanovich Abdrakhmanov (b. 1901 - d. 1938)Aug 1925 Ilya Moiseyevich Nevler (acting) (b. 1895 - d. 1938) (1st time) Aug 1925 Zhaynak Sadayevich Sadayev (acting)(b. 1893 - d. 1937)Aug 1925 - Sep 1925 Duyshenaly Babakhanov (acting) (b. 1898 - d. 1938)Sep 1925 Ilya Moiseyevich Nevler (acting) (s.a.) (2nd time)Sep 1925 - 31 Dec 1925 Nikolay Anisimovich Uzyukov (b. 1897 - d. 1937) First Secretaries of the Oblast Committee of the All-Union Communist Party

(Bolsheviks) for the Kirgiz Autonomous Oblast

31 Dec 1925 - 27 Jun 1927 Nikolay Anisimovich Uzyukov (s.a.)1927 - 1929 Vladimir Petrovich Shubrikov (b. 1893 - d. 1937)1929 - 1930 Mikhail Maksimovich Kul'kov (b. 1891 - d. 1939)1930 - 1934 Aleksandr Osipovich Shakhray (b. 1898 - d. 1949)1934 - 22 Mar 1937 Moris L'vovich Belotskiy (b. 1895 - d. 1944)First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

of Kyrgyzstan (from 13 Oct 1952,Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan)

23 Apr 1937 - 7 Nov 1937 Maksim Kirovich Ammosov (b. 1897 - d. 1938) (acting to 16/17 Jun 1937)7 Nov 1937 - 20 Feb 1938 Kerim Kenebayev (acting)(b. 1907 - d. 1938)

20 Feb 1938 - 3 Jun 1945 Aleksey Vlasovich Vagov (b. 1905 - d. 1971) (acting to 16 Jul 1938) 3 Jun 1945 - 7 Jul 1950 Nikolay Semyonovich Bogolyubov (b. 1905 - d. 1975) 7 Jul 1950 - 9 May 1961 Iskhak Razzakovich Razzakov (b. 1910 - d. 1979) 9 May 1961 - 2 Nov 1985 Turdakun Usubaliyevich Usubaliyev (b. 1919 - d. 2015) 2 Nov 1985 - 6 Apr 1991 Absamat Masaliyevich Masaliyev (b. 1933 - d. 2004) 6 Apr 1991 - 29 Aug 1991 Dzhumgalbek Beksultanovich (b. 1946 - d. 2005)

Amanbayev

Chairman of the Kyrgyz Revolutionary Committee 21 Oct 1924 - 31 Mar 1925 Imanaly Aydarbekov (b. 1884 - d. 1938) RKP;1925 VKP Chairman of the Executive Committee 31 Mar 1925 - 12 Mar 1927 Abdukadyr Urazbekov (b. 1889 - d. 1938) VKP Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee 12 Mar 1927 - 16 Sep 1937 Abdukadyr Urazbekov (s.a.) VKP;1937 KPK-B 16 Sep 1937 - 4 Oct 1937 Mikhail Ivanovich Us (acting) (b. 1896 - d. 1961) KPK-B + Maryam Tugambayeva (f) (acting) (b. 1907 - d. 1986) KPK-B 4 Oct 1937 - 16 Dec 1937 Sultankul Shamurzin (acting) (b. 1906 - d. 1938) KPK-B 16 Dec 1937 - 15 Feb 1938 Ivan Fyodorovich Sokolov (acting) (b. 1897 - d. 19..) KPK-B 15 Feb 1938 - 15 May 1938 Murat Salikhov (acting) (b. 1905 - d. 1938) KPK-B 15 May 1938 - 18 Jul 1938 Kalima Amankulova (f) (acting) (b. 1915) KPK-B Chairman of the Supreme Soviet 18 Jul 1938 - 19 Jul 1938 Ivan Petrovich Boryak (b. 1904 - d. 1941?) KPK-B Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 19 Jul 1938 - 22 Mar 1943 Asanaly Tolubayev (b. 1896 - d. 1962) KPK-B 22 Mar 1943 - 14 Nov 1945 Moldogazy Tokobayev (b. 1905 - d. 1974) KPK-B 14 Nov 1945 - 25 Aug 1978 Torobay Kulatovich Kulatov (b. 1908 - d. 1984)PKK-B;1952KPK 25 Aug 1978 - 22 Dec 1978 Sultan Ibraimovich Ibraimov (b. 1927 - d. 1980) PKK 22 Dec 1978 - 10 Jan 1979 Andrey Andreyevich Buss (acting) (b. 1911 - d. 1980) KPK 10 Jan 1979 - 14 Jan 1981 Arstanbek Duysheyevich Duysheyev (b. 1932 - d. 2003) KPK 14 Jan 1981 - 8 Aug 1987 Temirbek Khudaybergenovich (b. 1931 - d. 2009) KPK Koshoyev 8 Aug 1987 - 10 Apr 1990 Tashtanbek Akmatovich Akmatov (b. 1938) KPK Chairman of the Supreme Soviet 10 Apr 1990 - 27 Oct 1990 Absamat Masaliyevich Masaliyev (s.a.) KPK

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars 12 Mar 1927 - 27 Sep 1933 Yusup Abdrakhmanovich Abdrakhmanov (s.a.) VKP 27 Sep 1933 - 8 Sep 1937 Bayaly Dekombayevich Isakeyev (b. 1897 - d. 1938)VKP;1937KPK-B 8 Sep 1937 - 15 Feb 1938 Murat Salikhov (s.a.) KPK-B 15 Feb 1938 - 27 Apr 1938 Ismail Khasyanovich Abuzyarov (b. 1904 - d. 1938?) KPK-B (acting) 27 Apr 1938 - 19 Jul 1938 Ivan Pavlovich Rebrov (acting) (b. 1890 - d. 1938) KPK-B 20 Jul 1938 - 14 Nov 1945 Torobay Kulatovich Kulatov (s.a.) KPK-B

14 Nov 1945 - 28 Mar 1946 Iskhak Razzakovich Razzakov (s.a.) KPK-B Chairmen of the Council of Ministers 28 Mar 1946 - 10 Jul 1950 Iskhak Razzakovich Razzakov (s.a.) KPK-B 10 Jul 1950 - 6 Mar 1958 Abdy Suyerkulovich Suyerkulov (b. 1912 - d. 1992)KPK-B;1952KPK 6 Mar 1958 - 10 May 1961 Kazy Dikambayevich Dikambayev (b. 1913 - d. 2010) KPK 10 May 1961 - 23 Jan 1968 Bolot Mambetovich Mambetov (b. 1907 - d. 1990) KPK 23 Jan 1968 - 22 Dec 1978 Akhmatbek Suttubayevich Suyumbayev (b. 1920 - d. 1993) KPK 22 Dec 1978 - 4 Dec 1980 Sultan Ibraimovich Ibraimov (s.a.) KPK 4 Dec 1980 - 14 Jan 1981 Pyotr Mikhaylovich Khodos (acting) (b. 1928 - d. 1989) KPK 14 Jan 1981 - 20 May 1986 Arstanbek Duysheyevich Duysheyev (s.a.) KPK 20 May 1986 - 21 Jan 1991 Apas Dzhumagulovich Dzhumagulov (b. 1934) KPK

Party abbreviations:KPK = Kırgızstandın Kommunisttik Partiyası/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Kirgizii (Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, former KPK-B, 13 Oct 1952-31 Aug 1991);

- Former parties: KPK-B = Kırgızstandın Kommunisttik Partiyası (Syos)/Kommunisticheskaya partiya (Bol'shevikov) Kirgizii (Communist Party [Bolsheviks] of Kyrgyzstan, Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, 23 Apr 1937-13 Oct 1952, renamed KPK); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, former RSDRP-B, 8 Mar 1918-31 Dec 1925, renamed VKP);VKP = Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, former RKP, 31 Dec 1925-13 Oct 1952, renamed Communist Party of the Soviet Union)

© Ben Cahoon