Joe is an avid reader on 'You' and his books often foreshadow the plot — here's every literary detail you might've missed on the show
Paige DiFiore Amory Rose
Here's a breakdown of every book and literary reference on Netflix's "You," from foreshadowing book clues to sneaky literary references.
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The Netflix thriller "You" features a number of literary references throughout the seasons.

Joe references real-life books and authors — some foreshadow what's going to happen on the show.

Warning: This post contains spoilers for "You."

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During season one, Joe highly recommends the 1970 novel "Desperate Characters" to Beck.

When Beck (Elizabeth Lail) first comes into Joe's (Penn Badgley) bookstore, she's looking at a Paula Fox novel, to which Joe recommends she read "Desperate Characters."

Beck says she's worried it won't live up to the hype but ends up buying it anyway.

"Desperate Characters" tells the story of a couple, Sophie and Otto, living in Brooklyn.

After Sophie is bitten trying to feed a stray, a series of small disasters begin striking the couple, revealing the rifts in a marriage and society crumbling to pieces.

The book is later seen on her coffee table when Benji (Lou Taylor Pucci) asks about it.

Peach Salinger is a distant cousin of J.D. Salinger.

Salinger is known for "Catcher in the Rye," and "Franny and Zooey."

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A rude customer buys "Franny and Zooey" on episode one of season one.

A rude customer can be seen buying "Franny and Zooey" from the bookstore on the first episode.

"He's just pissed he has to buy Salinger to feel respectable," Joe's internal monologue says over the scene.

His rudeness might allude to Joe's impression of Peach, the author's fictional descendant on the show.

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Joe lends Paco "Don Quixote."

"The most valuable things in life are usually the most helpless. So they need people like us to protect them," Joe tells Paco on episode one, season one.

This quote could be alluding to his obsessive overprotection of Beck through his actions.

Right after, he gives Paco (Luca Padovan) an old copy of "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes.

"It's about a guy who believes in chivalry so he decides to be an old school knight," Joe explains to Paco, adding that this book is one of his favorites.

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Joe also lends Paco "The Three Musketeers" by Alexandre Dumas.

Joe sees Paco reading on the stairs of their building and comments on how fast he's reading "The Three Musketeers."

Paco replies, "It reads quick. It's good."

"The Three Musketeers" follows d'Artagnan after he leaves home to join the Musketeers of the Guard, where he becomes friends with Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.

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Beck gives Joe "The Da Vinci Code" by Dan Brown in Italian.

After he saves her from the train tracks, Beck comes back to the store and gives him "Il Codice Da Vinci" with one of her poems inside.

This book is a mystery thriller, the same genre as "You."

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Joe and Ethan set up for a debut of Stephen King and Owen King's book, "Sleeping Beauties," at their bookstore.

The morning "Sleeping Beauties" is released at Joe's bookstore, Ethan (Zach Cherry) says, "Let's give thanks to our Lord Stephen King who bestowed books so that our bookstores in third-dimensional locations may live."

"Sleeping Beauties" revolves around the disappearance of women from the world.

It could be alluding to the women on "You" who disappear in one way or another: Beck, Peach, or even Candace (Ambyr Childers).

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Joe gives Paco "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley to read next.

After Paco hates a werewolf novel the girls in his class keep talking about, Joe recommends "Frankenstein."

He says, "The monster is really cool and scary, but also not really the monster." The audience later realizes this is probably how Joe feels about himself.

"It's cool how you get the monster's POV, you understand why he does stuff," Paco later tells Joe. "It's weird because he's bad, but not all bad."

Joe then adds, "Well, I think it's open to your interpretation."

This could reference the format of "You" in and of itself and the audience's potential perception of Joe.

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Joe steals "Ozma of Oz" by L. Frank Baum from Peach's house.

During Peach's party on episode two, season one, Joe finds a collection of old and first-edition novels and pockets Baum's "Ozma of Oz," the third book in the Oz series.

The tale follows Dorothy Gale of Kansas as she makes a trip over the rainbow for the second time.

It's also revealed that Joe used to read this book when Mr. Mooney locked him in the basement of the bookstore as a kid.

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Joe turns to numerous books and authors to figure out how to get rid of a dead body.

Joe lists King and Caleb Carr as some authors he researched to figure out how to get rid of Benji's body.

He takes a look at Carr's "The Alienist," a thriller about a ritualistic killer before he turns to a cookbook that explains how to butcher a chicken.

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Joe follows Beck to a Charles Dickens festival.

Beck attends a Dickens festival with her family.

Here, everyone dresses up in Victorian-era clothing and participates in old-fashioned activities.

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Joe recommends Paco read "The Count of Monte Cristo" by Dumas.

After Paco tells Joe about his issues with Ron and how he wants revenge, Joe recommends "The Count of Monte Cristo."

Paco gets mad at the book and says, "He waits 24 years to get justice."

Joe replies, "It's all about the long game."

This is foreshadowing Ron's murder.

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Joe throws Beck a literary-themed birthday party and dresses up as Hemingway.

Lynn dresses up as a "Harry Potter" character and Blythe becomes Dorothea Brooke from George Eliot's "Middlemarch."

Ethan's costume is Mr. Darcy from Jane Austen's beloved novel "Pride and Prejudice."

You can also spot a Shakespeare and Mark Twain among the guests.

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Candace reads and destroys "Wuthering Heights."

During season one, episode nine, there's a flashback of Candace reading "Wuthering Heights" by Emily Brontë to Joe.

The book is later destroyed and Joe is shown repairing the book.

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Joe and Beck read together.

Joe is reading "Black Swan Green" by David Mitchell.

Meanwhile, Beck reads "On Beauty" by Zadie Smith.

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Season two kicks off with a mural of books.

This real-life mural is located in Hollywood, and the books featured are all written by Charles Bukowski, a German-American novelist and poet deeply influenced by California.

The second season takes place in Los Angeles and the books could be foreshadowing Joe's job as a bookseller at the high-end wellness store Anavrin just a few moments later.

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During the first episode of season two, Joe whips out "Crime and Punishment."

Joe takes the Fyodor Dostoyevsky book out of his bag during his job interview with the Anavrin employee Calvin (Adwin Brown).

"I just feel like it gets more relevant every day, right?" Joe tells him. " ... This guy's struggling, trying to get past his mistakes, you know. I don't like to get political but I will say our world is done for if we don't think about that, how to be better."

"I can't believe you just did that, made a Russian novel sound like something I'd want to read," Calvin tells him.

We later learn that Joe brought the book to secure his job at Anavrin when we see a flashback of Forty angrily lecturing Calvin for ordering a bunch of copies of "Crime and Punishment."

"What? There's a human alive who wants to read 'Crime and Punishment?'" Forty tells Calvin.

That said, the book could also be a nod to Joe's present state. The novel's narrator struggles to overcome his past mistakes.

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One of Joe's first social-media posts is a photo of three books.

During season two, episode one, Joe takes a photo of three colorful novels.

The red book is "The Power" by Naomi Alderman, a sci-fi novel about women developing the ability to shoot electrical jolts from their fingertips, helping them to become the dominant gender.

This could allude to Love having the upper hand at the close of the season when locked Joe in his own cage.

The yellow book is "Gold Fame Citrus" by Claire Vaye Watkins, a novel set in the future in California.

According to Goodreads, this book explores the myths we believe about others and tell about ourselves.

It certainly seems like a nod to Joe and the lies and constant justifications he tells himself.

The last book is "Sum" by David Eagleman, a novel that goes through different afterlives and alternate realities of what could have been.

The reference could foreshadow Joe's fresh start as someone new (Will).

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Love's parting gift to Joe is a Joan Didion book.

On the second episode of season two, Love (Victoria Pedretti) gifts Joe Didion's novel "Play It As It Lays," a novel that dissects American life in the 1960s.

As she gives it to Joe, she calls it "smart," "complex," and "a little dark" because it's what "makes [him] feel at home" and what makes her feel at home.

This is foreshadowing Love's own dark past of murder and deception.

We later see Joe reading the book on episode three and packing it in his duffel bag on episode eight.

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Joe's locker at Anavrin contains the book "Nostromo" by Joseph Conrad.

During season two, episode three, Joe opens his locker to get a baked treat from Love, revealing two books in the locker.

Although the brown book's name is unclear, the green novel is "Nostromo," a tale of rebellion and exploitation set in a fictional republic.

It has an omniscient narrator who withholds details from the reader, similar to Joe's tendency to withhold details from the viewer.

For example, when he saw Love long before he met her in the grocery store, he purposefully got an apartment that overlooked it.

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Joe gives Ellie a list of books to read and the first one is a Russian novel.

After Ellie (Jenna Ortega) gives Joe a movie recommendation, he insists on getting her a book.

His first proposal is "The Master and Margarita" by Mikhail Bulgakov.

"For Ellie, something dark, funny, ambitious," Joe says as he buys it at Anavrin on season two, episode three.

The book is a Russian novel, something Joe is likely trying to sell more of after his initial job interview with Calvin.

It is known for being dark and funny since it's based around the devil, a naked witch, and a black cat who loves to drink vodka and play chess.

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During season two, episode seven, we get a glimpse of the books in Joe's cage.

As Delilah (Carmela Zumbado) digs around his cage, you can see a few books Joe has kept inside of it.

It's difficult to make out all of the titles, but one visible name is Aristotle Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy's second husband and wealthy shipping magnate.

You can also see "Berlin Wild" by Elly Welt, a book set during World War II.

These could be a handful of titles Joe wanted to bring with him during his trek from New York to Los Angeles.

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Joe's newest target is reading a stack of classic books.

During the season-two finale, Joe is carrying "Crime and Punishment" (the book that helped him get hired at Anavrin) into his yard.

But instead of actually reading it, he peers over through the fence at his neighbor, who is making her way through a few books.

Her stack includes "Brave New World," a classic dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley. The sci-fi work is centered around a world where life is genetically engineered and pain-free, but also meaningless.

She also has "A Guide to Jane Austen" by Michael Hardwick and "Kafka's Selected Stories," translated by Stanley Corngold, which are both classic writers.

Her taste in literature could be part of the reason why Joe falls for her.

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Joe mentions several authors at the beginning of the first episode of season three.

Joe mentions several authors and common themes when describing what he imagines parenthood will be like.

He mentions Nicholson Baker's essays and Louisa May Alcott's novels before deciding that parenthood is instead "'Groundhog Day' as written by Jean Paul-Satre."

Joe also compares taking care of his infant Henry to the "Greek myth about pushing a boulder of baby poop up a hill" in reference to the myth of Sisyphus.

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"The Great Gatsby" is mentioned multiple times in the first episode.

Joe reads Fitzgerald's classic "The Great Gatsby" to Henry, who throws up on the book.

Joe also refers to Natalie (Michaela McManus) as "the green light at the end of my dock." In the book, the green light was a symbol for hope.

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Joe grabs his hat off of a Hemingway book.

When Joe leaves the house to follow Natalie on the first episode, he grabs his baseball cap off of a stack of two books. The top book is written by Hemingway.

Joe previously dressed up the famous writer for Beck's birthday party.

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Natalie takes multiple books out of the library, including one that hints at the season's end.

Natalie takes out a stack of books that includes N.K. Jemisin's fantasy "The Broken Earth Trilogy" and Laura Hillenbrand's "Seabiscuit: An American Legend."

She also checks out Gillian Flynn's suspense-filled novel "Gone Girl," in which the main character fakes her own death.

Joe does the same by the end of the season.

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There is a full rack of books by a King character.

Joe stands next to a rack of books by Scott Landon as he watches Natalie check out library books.

Scott Landon is actually a character in King's book "Lisey's Story."

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Joe quotes the book Natalie checks out for him.

Natalie checks out Fitzgerald's "Tender Is the Night" for Joe at the library.

Joe can be seen reading the book on his couch and later quotes it to Natalie.

However, he slightly changes the line, saying, "New friends can often have a better time together than old friends."

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Joe reads a classic children's book to Henry.

After failing to entertain Henry with classic novels, Joe reads Arnold Lobel's "Frog and Toad" book to him.

He mentions wanting to read Astrid Lindgren's "Pippi Longstocking" to Henry next.

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"To Kill a Mockingbird" is mentioned throughout the third episode.

The third episode starts with Joe referencing "To Kill A Mockingbird" when he thinks, "Things are always better in the morning. At least that's what Scout tells us, and who am I to argue with Harper Lee."

Joe later says wants to be "steady like Atticus," an impressive and wise character. He also calls the Engler residence "Boo Radley's house," which is surrounded by misery and mystery.

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Joe lists the books he's stolen and sold for Ellie.

Marienne (Tati Gabrielle) asks Joe if he knows where the library's first edition copy of Henrik Ibsen's drama "Peer Gynt" is, and mentions the play is worth $2,500.

Interestingly enough, some copies of "Peer Gynt" listed as first editions can be found online for under $30.

Joe has also taken and sold copies of works by Dickens and Shelley.

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Marienne gives Joe a Dickens book.

Marienne gives Joe a copy of Dickens' novel "David Copperfield" to apologize for incorrectly judging Joe for having a wealthy upbringing.

The book is fitting, considering it features a boy who grew up in poverty who turns out to be a successful novelist.

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Joe mentions "Dragonriders of Pern," a children's fantasy series from the late 20th century.

Joe tells Marienne that Anne McCaffrey's "Dragonriders of Pern" is his favorite classic fantasy series from the 1970s to the 1990s.

The first book actually came out in 1968, though the series continued until the 1990s.

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Marienne discusses her love for "The Little Prince."

The illustration Marienne submits to the children's illustration contest shows a scene from "The Little Prince" by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.

She says the original French version of the classic is her favorite.

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Theo compares Joe's lawn-care skills to Richard Yates' writing style.

Theo (Dylan Arnold) tells Joe that his impeccable lawn "shows Richard Yates level attention to detail."

Yates was a troubled realist writer who wrote several novels.

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A younger Joe can be seen reading "The Perks of Being a Wallflower."

When he was in a group home, Joe reads Stephen Chbosky's "The Perks of Being a Wallflower."

The book came out in 1999 and would have been intended for an older audience than Joe would have fit into.

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Joe sees a poetry book at Marienne's apartment.

Joe sees a copy of Jericho Brown's "The Tradition" in Marienne's apartment.

The book is a modern poetry collection.

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A girl asks Joe where she can find "Narnia" books.

A child approaches Joe in the library to ask where "The Chronicles of Narnia" books are located.

The mid-20th-century fantasy series was written by C.S. Lewis.

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Joe quotes Milan Kundera.

Joe quotes Kundera's "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" while thinking about Marienne.

The passage focuses on making the decision between "weight or lightness."

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The quote Joe recites to Marienne is from the poetry book she was reading.

As they clean up the library after the storm, Joe says, "When you've been worked on for so long you never know you're done."

The quote is from the Brown poetry book she was reading.

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Joe makes a joke about Fitzgerald and Hemingway's alcoholism.

Joe jokes that Henry is a big fan of Hemingway and Fitzgerald.

He adds, "No surprise, you've seen him with a bottle."

Fitzgerald and Hemingway both famously struggled with alcoholism.

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Joe recommends "The Outsiders" to Fiona.

Joe recommends S. E. Hinton's "The Outsiders" to Fiona.

The classic novel is usually assigned to middle scholars and would have been at peak popularity when Joe was younger.

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Juliette borrows a Hans Christian Andersen book.

Dante mentions that Juliette was reading an Andersen book, prompting Joe to ask if she likes "The Little Mermaid."

"The Little Mermaid" was originally a fairytale by Andersen.

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Joe reads "The Science of Addiction" when stalking Marienne's ex-husband.

Joe decides to read up on addiction after learning that Marienne's ex, Ryan, dealt with addiction.

He reads Carlton K. Erickson's "The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment" to figure out the best way to trigger Ryan to relapse.

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Ryan only has books by Tim Ferriss and Tony Robbins.

Joe notices that Ryan only has self-improvement books in his bedroom.

Ferriss is an investor and lifestyle coach and Robbins is known for his self-help books.

His collection doesn't include poetry or fiction, genres that Marienne loves.

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The library's charity gala is full of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" references.

The Madre Linda Library has a themed "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" gala that is packed with references to the children's classic.

There are giant pages of the book and playing cards in the room, which also has chess pieces scattered around.

Most characters are dressed to resemble Lewis Carroll's characters, with Sherry (Shalita Grant) as the Red Queen, Love as Alice, Cary (Travis Van Winkle) as the Mad Hatter, and Dante (Ben Mehl) as the White Rabbit.

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The book Joe reads is a guide to ethical polyamory.

After Sherry introduces Love to the polyamorous lifestyle, Joe reads "More Than Two: A Practical Guide to Ethical Polyamory" by Franklin Veaux and Eve Rickert.

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Love is shown reading a Raymond Carver book in bed.

At the end of the season, Love can be seen reading a book by Carver.

He is an American short-story and poetry writer.

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Joe quotes Emily Dickinson and refers to her as a queer poet.

During the opening monologue for season four, Joe says, "The heart wants what it wants."

He attributes the line to a queer poet. This quote is from a letter Emily Dickinson wrote to another woman.

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Joe teaches "Hell is the Absence of God," a fantasy work about love and redemption.

"Hell is the Absence of God" is a very short fantasy novelette by Ted Chiang.

Joe's description of the plot is that Neil Fisk loses the love of his life when she goes to heaven, making the story about love and redemption. Joe likely identifies with it a bit, as he starts the season having "lost" his love Marienne and wanting to redeem himself and start with a clean slate.

On Goodreads, it's described as more of a philosophical read, following allegories rather than a direct plot.

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He also assigns Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart."

Joe has a collection of Poe stories with him in class, and assigns "The Tell-Tale Heart."

This classic Poe story follows a man who struggles with guilt after committing a gruesome murder, a concept Joe is very familiar with and something that foreshadows the death and dismemberment of Malcolm (Stephen Hagan).

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Joe calls Rhys' book one of the best memoirs he's read.

Rhys Montrose's (Ed Speelers) memoir, "A Good Man in a Cruel World," follows the man's journey from coming from a broken family to succeeding after attending Oxford University.

Joe says it's one of the best memoirs he's read, though he doesn't tend to read many. It might be that he sees a bit of himself in Rhys — Joe's had a difficult upbringing and is now teaching at a university. He also seems to believe he can be a good man.

The majority of what he's read so far has been novels, with some children's books for Henry and the occasional poetry or short story collection as well.

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A student is reading "Titus Andronicus" on campus.

Joe passes by students reading outside while commenting on how much English people read.

One student is reading "Titus Andronicus," a Shakespeare tragedy that focuses on vengeance and includes murder. Although only briefly shown, this tragedy sort of sets the tone for the season.

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Malcolm picks up Joe's copy of "Maxwell's Demon."

When Malcolm invites Joe out, he picks up Joe's copy of "Maxwell's Demon" by Steven Hall.

The British fantasy novel follows a writer who has a strained relationship with his father. It also is considered to be detective fiction, which sets the scene for part one of the season.

Joe starts wanting to find out who is blackmailing him and who the Eat the Rich Killer is.

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Kate is carrying a book with a Pablo Picasso quote on it.

When Kate and Joe speak at the end of the first episode, Kate (Charlotte Ritchie) is carrying an art book.

There is a quote on the back that reads, "Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life." This is a famous saying by artist Pablo Picasso.

Joe will later learn that Kate is using her art gallery to help her move on from a dark past.

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Joe and Nadia mention "Infinite Jest."

Nadia speaks disparagingly of David Foster Wallace's "Infinite Jest."

The 1,000-page novel is famously difficult to read, and Nadia says it took her a month to finish.

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Simon is reading a book of Pablo Neruda poems.

Before his art show, Simon can be seen reading a book of Pablo Neruda poems.

The copy he is reading is a bilingual collection of poems from several decades of the writer's life.

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Macolm's office only has books written by men.

Joe mentions that Malcolm's office only has books written by men, which seems to be accurate judging by the visible titles.

There are works by Shakespeare and T. S. Eliot on the shelves, which are so full of books that one section of shelving features two rows of books on each shelf.

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Joe teaches Poe's "The Man of the Crowd" short story.

Joe assigns another Poe short story, "The Man of the Crowd," partway into season four.

This is fitting timing because this story is about a narrator following a man through London. At this point, Joe has already begun getting anonymous texts from his stalker who seems to be following him through the city.

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Rhys quotes Joan Didion at Simon's funeral.

While eulogizing Simon, Rhys quotes Joan Didion, saying "When we mourn our losses, we also mourn, for better or for worse, ourselves."

Didion previously appeared on this list during the second season, when Love gave Joe one of her books.

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Malcolm's home office has a large book collection as well.

There are more modern books at Malcolm's office at home than in his school-office collection.

"Cedilla" by Adam Mars-Jones is the second novel in a trilogy that follows a university student.

A nonfiction book by Dan Jones titled "The Plantagenets" that covers British medieval history is visible as well.

There is also a book titled "The Art of Italy" on the same shelf.

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Joe (or Malcolm) has multiple copies of "The Path to Rome."

When Joe is looking at the bookshelf in his apartment, multiple copies of "The Path to Rome" by Hilaire Belloc can be spotted.

This is an early 20th-century autobiographical work that follows the author's long journey to Rome.

It is unclear why either Joe or Malcolm would have more than one copy of this, but Joe does see it before making the journey to the country house.

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Joe and Connie mention "Leaving Las Vegas."

When Connie's substance abuse escalates, Joe and Connie both compare the situation to "Leaving Las Vegas."

This was a 1990 novel by John O'Brien, that follows an alcoholic's relationship. It was turned into a movie of the same name in 1995.

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Tom says his personal Bible is Roosevelt's "The Rough Riders."

When Joe first meets Kate's father, Tom, he mentions his "personal bible" is Theodore Roosevelt's "The Rough Riders."

The book is Roosevelt's account of a battle he led during the Spanish-American War in 1898.

Joe calls the book a manifest destiny and white-savior story.

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Joe shows Tom a first edition of "My Early Life."

Joe has a first edition of Winston Churchill's "My Early Life" in his office to show Tom.

The book is Churchill's autobiography, and fits with the kind of books Tom is interested in throughout the season.

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Nadia looks through a shelf of classics at Joe's flat.

Located in the midle of the shelf is Ovid's "Metamorphoses," a lengthy mythological poem from the Roman poet. It looks newer than some of the other books.

There is a Homer text visible and Charles Scott Sherrington's "Man on His Nature" philosophy book.

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Joe uses a copy of "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" as a hiding place.

The key to the space Joe is holding Marienne in is hiding in his copy of "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde."

The classic Robert Louis Stevenson novel is about a man who switches between being the friendly Dr. Jekyll to the murderous Mr. Hyde, in a clear reference to Joe's own personality-switching plotline this season.

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Joe mentions the story "Bullet in the Brain" during the season-four finale.

While contemplating suicide, Joe mentions the story "Bullet in the Brain."

This 1995 short story by Tobias Wolff shows a man's thoughts while he is being shot, following his narration even though the bullet is already in his brain and the man will not survive.

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Tom's collection of strategy books includes several bestsellers.

Tom has some of his book collection with him at the airplane hangar he's working in.

There are books on ciphers as well as well-known strategy books such as "Kissinger on Kissinger" by Winston Lord.

He also has a copy of Marcus Luttrell's "Lone Survivor," a story from a former Navy Seal that was turned into a 2013 film.

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Joe has a shelf of theology and sociology books that also features a fiction author.

Joe has his copy of "The Complete Tales & Poems of Edgar Allan Poe," shown earlier in the season, on the same shelf as his theology and sociology books.

It's unclear why the Poe book would be placed here, other than to possibly stress how much Joe values and relates to Poe's works. After all, they are mentioned in the season.

Other books on the shelf include "The Old Testament," "Greek Religion," and "Women in Ancient Greece."

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Edward and Nadia reference an epic poem.

Edward and Nadia mention "The Changing Light at Sandover" while on the phone.

This is an epic poem by James Merrill that shows conversations with real and fictional spirits, in what may be a reference to Joe being shown having both real and hallucinatory interactions throughout the season.

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Nadia looks through Joe's copy of Robert Lowell's "Day by Day."

Nadia finds a copy of Robert Lowell's "Day by Day" at Joe's flat. The book is a collection of poems by the writer.

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If you or someone you know is experiencing depression or has had thoughts of harming themself or taking their own life, get help. In the US, call or text 988 to reach the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, which provides 24/7, free, confidential support for people in distress, as well as best practices for professionals and resources to aid in prevention and crisis situations. Help is also available through the Crisis Text Line — just text "HOME" to 741741. The International Association for Suicide Prevention offers resources for those outside the US.

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