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Woodrow Wilson
Comprehensive information about Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States
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Woodrow Wilson

28th President of the United States

(March 4, 1913 to March 3, 1921)

Full Name: Thomas Woodrow Wilson

Nickname: "Schoolmaster in Politics"

Born: December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia

Died: February 3, 1924, in Washington, D.C.

Father: Joseph Ruggles Wilson (1822-1903)

Mother: Jessie Janet Woodrow Wilson (1826-1888)

Married: Ellen Louise Axson (1860-1914), on June 24, 1885; Edith Bolling Galt (1872-1961), on December 18 , 1915

Children: Margaret Woodrow Wilson (1886-1944); Jessie Woodrow Wilson (1887-1933); Eleanor Randolph Wilson (1889-1967)

Religion: Presbyterian

Education: Graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) (1879)

Occupation: Teacher, public official

Political Party: Democrat

Other Government Positions:

Governor of New Jersey, 1911-13

Presidential Salary: $75,000/year

Vice President: Thomas R. Marshall (1913-21)

Cabinet:

Secretary of State

William J. Bryan (1913-15)

Robert Lansing (1915-20)

Bainbridge Colby (1920-21)

Secretary of the Treasury

William G. McAdoo (1913-18)

Carter Glass (1918-20)

David F. Houston (1920-21)

Secretary of War

Lindley M. Garrison (1913-16)

Newton D. Baker (1916-21)

Attorney General

James C. McReynolds (1913-14)

Thomas W. Gregory (1914-19)

A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-21)

Postmaster General

Albert S. Burleson (1913-21)

Secretary of the Navy

Josephus Daniels (1913-21)

Secretary of the Interior

Franklin K. Lane (1913-20)

John B. Payne (1920-21)

Secretary of Agriculture

David F. Houston (1913-20)

Edwin T. Meredith (1920-21)

Secretary of Commerce

William C. Redfield (1913-19)

Joshua W. Alexander (1919-21)

Secretary of Labor

William B. Wilson (1913-21)

Supreme Court Justices:

James Clark McReynolds (1914-1941)

Louis Brandeis (1916-1939)

John Hessin Clarke (1916-1922)

Notable Events:

1913

on December 23, Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act creating a central banking system in the U.S.

1914

In April, a minor incident in Tampico, Mexico led to a U.S. invasion of a Mexican post city and the resignation of the Mexican president.

On June 28, Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated contributing to the start of World War I.

On August 15, the Panama Canal officially opened.

1915

On May 7, a German U-Boat sank the Lusitania. The civilian deaths, including 128 American, shifted the U.S. sentiments about the war against Germany.

1917

On February 24, British officials presented the intercepted and decoded Zimmermann Telegram to the U.S. ambassador to Great Britain. The communique was from German to Mexico asking for an alliance if the U.S. entered the war. It was released to the public on March 1.

On April 6, the U.S. declared war against Germany.

1918

On January 8, Wilson delivered his "14 Points" speech to Congress.

Starting in January an influenza pandemic swept across the globe killing 3-5% of the world's population over the next three years.

On November 11, an armistice signed between the Allies and Germany ending World War I.

1919

On July 10, Wilson submitted the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations to the Senate for ratification.

On October 2, Wilson suffered a stroke while traveling to bolster public support for the League of Nations.

1920

Wilson won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Internet Biographies:

Woodrow Wilson -- from The Presidents of the United States of America

Compiled by the White House.

Woodrow Wilson -- from The American President

From the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, in addition to information on the Presidents themselves, they have first lady and cabinet member biographies, listings of presidential staff and advisers, and timelines detailing significant events in the lives of each administration.

Woodrow Wilson -- from Encyclopaedia Britannica

Facts about Wilson and his presidency.

Videos:

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Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States | Biography

Pres. Wilson’s Sheep Mow the White House Lawn - a Presidential Story Ep. 25

America's Presidents - Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson | 60-Second Presidents | PBS

Woodrow Wilson: The great romantic

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Historical Documents:

First Inaugural Address (1913)

Second Inaugural Address (1917)

Declaration of Neutrality (1914)

First Warning to the Germans (1915)

First Lusitania Note to Germany (1915)

Protest to Germany (1915)

On the Sussex Case (1916)

War Message to Congress (1917)

Fourteen Points Speech (1918)

League of Nations (1919)

Woodrow Wilson Digital Collections - from the Library of Congress

Other Internet Resources:

The Best Biographies of Woodrow Wilson

In 2012, Stephen Floyd started his search for the best biography of each president. He usually has reviews of multiple biographies for each president.

The Boyhood Home of President Woodrow Wilson

Tourist information and history of the Augusta, GA house where Wilson lived from 1860-1870.

Health and Medical History of Woodrow Wilson

Medical background of each president with references. Compiled by John Sotos, MD.

Woodrow Wilson Family Home

The Columbia, South Carolina home where Wilson grew up from 1870-74.

Woodrow Wilson House

Tourist information and history of the Washington, D.C. house where Wilson lived from 1920 until his death.

Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library and Museum

This Staunton, Virginia site contains tourist information and a virtual tour of the home where Wilson was born. Wilson's 1919 Pierce-Arrow Limousine is the jewel of the museum's collection.

Woodrow Wilson Presidential Memorial Exhibit and Learning Center

Explore Wilson's life and the global issues during his presidency.

Points of Interest:

Washington National Cathedral

3101 Wisconsin Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016

2340 S St NW, Washington, DC 20008

1705 Hampton St, Columbia, SC 29201

419 7th St, Augusta, GA 30901

20 N Coalter St, Staunton, VA 24401

1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004

Additional Facts:

Wilson was the first president to visit Europe while in office.

Wilson had a series of strokes in 1919 which left him partially paralyzed and almost blind. His wife, Edith, managed his affairs.

Wilson is the only president buried in Washington, D.C.

Wilson was the first president to have a Ph.D.

Wilson didn't learn to read until he was eleven years old.

Wilson was the first president to meet the Pope while in office.

Wilson was the first president to speak before Congress since Thomas Jefferson.

Quotes:

“The object of love is to serve, not to win.”

— Woodrow Wilson

“We grow great by dreams. All big men are dreamers.”

— Woodrow Wilson

“If you want to make enemies, try to change something.”

— Woodrow Wilson

“The ear of the leader must ring with the voices of the people.”

— Woodrow Wilson

“If you think too much about being re-elected, it is very difficult to be worth re-electing.”

— Woodrow Wilson

Previous President: William H. Taft

Next President: Warren G. Harding