"""
Created on Mon Oct  5 12:36:54 2020

Author: Josef Perktold
License: BSD-3

"""
import numpy as np
from scipy import special

from statsmodels.stats.base import Holder


def _noncentrality_chisquare(chi2_stat, df, alpha=0.05):
    """noncentrality parameter for chi-square statistic

    `nc` is zero-truncated umvue

    Parameters
    ----------
    chi2_stat : float
        Chisquare-statistic, for example from a hypothesis test
    df : int or float
        Degrees of freedom
    alpha : float in (0, 1)
        Significance level for the confidence interval, covarage is 1 - alpha.

    Returns
    -------
    HolderTuple
        The main attributes are

        - ``nc`` : estimate of noncentrality parameter
        - ``confint`` : lower and upper bound of confidence interval for `nc``

        Other attributes are estimates for nc by different methods.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] Kubokawa, T., C.P. Robert, and A.K.Md.E. Saleh. 1993. “Estimation of
        Noncentrality Parameters.”
        Canadian Journal of Statistics 21 (1): 45-57.
        https://doi.org/10.2307/3315657.

    .. [2] Li, Qizhai, Junjian Zhang, and Shuai Dai. 2009. “On Estimating the
        Non-Centrality Parameter of a Chi-Squared Distribution.”
        Statistics & Probability Letters 79 (1): 98-104.
        https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2008.07.025.

    """
    alpha_half = alpha / 2

    nc_umvue = chi2_stat - df
    nc = np.maximum(nc_umvue, 0)
    nc_lzd = np.maximum(nc_umvue, chi2_stat / (df + 1))
    nc_krs = np.maximum(nc_umvue, chi2_stat * 2 / (df + 2))
    nc_median = special.chndtrinc(chi2_stat, df, 0.5)
    ci = special.chndtrinc(chi2_stat, df, [1 - alpha_half, alpha_half])

    res = Holder(nc=nc,
                 confint=ci,
                 nc_umvue=nc_umvue,
                 nc_lzd=nc_lzd,
                 nc_krs=nc_krs,
                 nc_median=nc_median,
                 name="Noncentrality for chisquare-distributed random variable"
                 )
    return res


def _noncentrality_f(f_stat, df1, df2, alpha=0.05):
    """noncentrality parameter for f statistic

    `nc` is zero-truncated umvue

    Parameters
    ----------
    fstat : float
        f-statistic, for example from a hypothesis test
        df : int or float
        Degrees of freedom
    alpha : float in (0, 1)
        Significance level for the confidence interval, covarage is 1 - alpha.

    Returns
    -------
    HolderTuple
        The main attributes are

        - ``nc`` : estimate of noncentrality parameter
        - ``confint`` : lower and upper bound of confidence interval for `nc``

        Other attributes are estimates for nc by different methods.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] Kubokawa, T., C.P. Robert, and A.K.Md.E. Saleh. 1993. “Estimation of
       Noncentrality Parameters.” Canadian Journal of Statistics 21 (1): 45-57.
       https://doi.org/10.2307/3315657.
    """
    alpha_half = alpha / 2

    x_s = f_stat * df1 / df2
    nc_umvue = (df2 - 2) * x_s - df1
    nc = np.maximum(nc_umvue, 0)
    nc_krs = np.maximum(nc_umvue, x_s * 2 * (df2 - 1) / (df1 + 2))
    nc_median = special.ncfdtrinc(df1, df2, 0.5, f_stat)
    ci = special.ncfdtrinc(df1, df2, [1 - alpha_half, alpha_half], f_stat)

    res = Holder(nc=nc,
                 confint=ci,
                 nc_umvue=nc_umvue,
                 nc_krs=nc_krs,
                 nc_median=nc_median,
                 name="Noncentrality for F-distributed random variable"
                 )
    return res


def _noncentrality_t(t_stat, df, alpha=0.05):
    """noncentrality parameter for t statistic

    Parameters
    ----------
    fstat : float
        f-statistic, for example from a hypothesis test
        df : int or float
        Degrees of freedom
    alpha : float in (0, 1)
        Significance level for the confidence interval, covarage is 1 - alpha.

    Returns
    -------
    HolderTuple
        The main attributes are

        - ``nc`` : estimate of noncentrality parameter
        - ``confint`` : lower and upper bound of confidence interval for `nc``

        Other attributes are estimates for nc by different methods.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] Hedges, Larry V. 2016. “Distribution Theory for Glass`s Estimator of
       Effect Size and Related Estimators:”
       Journal of Educational Statistics, November.
       https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986006002107.

    """
    alpha_half = alpha / 2

    gfac = np.exp(special.gammaln(df/2.-0.5) - special.gammaln(df/2.))
    c11 = np.sqrt(df/2.) * gfac
    nc = t_stat / c11
    nc_median = special.nctdtrinc(df, 0.5, t_stat)
    ci = special.nctdtrinc(df, [1 - alpha_half, alpha_half], t_stat)

    res = Holder(nc=nc,
                 confint=ci,
                 nc_median=nc_median,
                 name="Noncentrality for t-distributed random variable"
                 )
    return res
