import numpy as np
from numpy.testing import assert_allclose, assert_equal
import pandas as pd
from scipy import sparse
from scipy.optimize import approx_fprime

from statsmodels.genmod.bayes_mixed_glm import (
    BinomialBayesMixedGLM,
    PoissonBayesMixedGLM,
)


def gen_simple_logit(nc, cs, s):

    np.random.seed(3799)

    exog_vc = np.kron(np.eye(nc), np.ones((cs, 1)))
    exog_fe = np.random.normal(size=(nc * cs, 2))
    vc = s * np.random.normal(size=nc)
    lp = np.dot(exog_fe, np.r_[1, -1]) + np.dot(exog_vc, vc)
    pr = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-lp))
    y = 1 * (np.random.uniform(size=nc * cs) < pr)
    ident = np.zeros(nc, dtype=int)

    return y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident


def gen_simple_poisson(nc, cs, s):

    np.random.seed(3799)

    exog_vc = np.kron(np.eye(nc), np.ones((cs, 1)))
    exog_fe = np.random.normal(size=(nc * cs, 2))
    vc = s * np.random.normal(size=nc)
    lp = np.dot(exog_fe, np.r_[0.1, -0.1]) + np.dot(exog_vc, vc)
    r = np.exp(lp)
    y = np.random.poisson(r)
    ident = np.zeros(nc, dtype=int)

    return y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident


def gen_crossed_logit(nc, cs, s1, s2):

    np.random.seed(3799)

    a = np.kron(np.eye(nc), np.ones((cs, 1)))
    b = np.kron(np.ones((cs, 1)), np.eye(nc))
    exog_vc = np.concatenate((a, b), axis=1)

    exog_fe = np.random.normal(size=(nc * cs, 1))
    vc = s1 * np.random.normal(size=2 * nc)
    vc[nc:] *= s2 / s1
    lp = np.dot(exog_fe, np.r_[-0.5]) + np.dot(exog_vc, vc)
    pr = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-lp))
    y = 1 * (np.random.uniform(size=nc * cs) < pr)
    ident = np.zeros(2 * nc, dtype=int)
    ident[nc:] = 1

    return y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident


def gen_crossed_poisson(nc, cs, s1, s2):

    np.random.seed(3799)

    a = np.kron(np.eye(nc), np.ones((cs, 1)))
    b = np.kron(np.ones((cs, 1)), np.eye(nc))
    exog_vc = np.concatenate((a, b), axis=1)

    exog_fe = np.random.normal(size=(nc * cs, 1))
    vc = s1 * np.random.normal(size=2 * nc)
    vc[nc:] *= s2 / s1
    lp = np.dot(exog_fe, np.r_[-0.5]) + np.dot(exog_vc, vc)
    r = np.exp(lp)
    y = np.random.poisson(r)
    ident = np.zeros(2 * nc, dtype=int)
    ident[nc:] = 1

    return y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident


def gen_crossed_logit_pandas(nc, cs, s1, s2):

    np.random.seed(3799)

    a = np.kron(np.arange(nc), np.ones(cs))
    b = np.kron(np.ones(cs), np.arange(nc))
    fe = np.ones(nc * cs)

    vc = np.zeros(nc * cs)
    for i in np.unique(a):
        ii = np.flatnonzero(a == i)
        vc[ii] += s1 * np.random.normal()
    for i in np.unique(b):
        ii = np.flatnonzero(b == i)
        vc[ii] += s2 * np.random.normal()

    lp = -0.5 * fe + vc
    pr = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-lp))
    y = 1 * (np.random.uniform(size=nc * cs) < pr)

    ident = np.zeros(2 * nc, dtype=int)
    ident[nc:] = 1

    df = pd.DataFrame({"fe": fe, "a": a, "b": b, "y": y})

    return df


def test_simple_logit_map():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_logit(10, 10, 2)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    glmm = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt = glmm.fit_map()

    assert_allclose(
        glmm.logposterior_grad(rslt.params),
        np.zeros_like(rslt.params),
        atol=1e-3)

    # Test the predict method
    for linear in False, True:
        for exog in None, exog_fe:
            pr1 = rslt.predict(linear=linear, exog=exog)
            pr2 = glmm.predict(rslt.params, linear=linear, exog=exog)
            assert_allclose(pr1, pr2)
            if not linear:
                assert_equal(pr1.min() >= 0, True)
                assert_equal(pr1.max() <= 1, True)


def test_simple_poisson_map():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_poisson(10, 10, 0.2)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    glmm1 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt1 = glmm1.fit_map()
    assert_allclose(
        glmm1.logposterior_grad(rslt1.params),
        np.zeros_like(rslt1.params),
        atol=1e-3)

    # This should give the same answer as above
    glmm2 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt2 = glmm2.fit_map()
    assert_allclose(rslt1.params, rslt2.params, atol=1e-4)

    # Test the predict method
    for linear in False, True:
        for exog in None, exog_fe:
            pr1 = rslt1.predict(linear=linear, exog=exog)
            pr2 = rslt2.predict(linear=linear, exog=exog)
            pr3 = glmm1.predict(rslt1.params, linear=linear, exog=exog)
            pr4 = glmm2.predict(rslt2.params, linear=linear, exog=exog)
            assert_allclose(pr1, pr2, rtol=1e-5)
            assert_allclose(pr2, pr3, rtol=1e-5)
            assert_allclose(pr3, pr4, rtol=1e-5)
            if not linear:
                assert_equal(pr1.min() >= 0, True)
                assert_equal(pr2.min() >= 0, True)
                assert_equal(pr3.min() >= 0, True)

    # Check dimensions and PSD status of cov_params
    for rslt in rslt1, rslt2:
        cp = rslt.cov_params()
        p = len(rslt.params)
        assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
        np.linalg.cholesky(cp)


def test_crossed_logit_map():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_crossed_logit(10, 10, 1, 2)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    glmm = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt = glmm.fit_map()

    assert_allclose(
        glmm.logposterior_grad(rslt.params),
        np.zeros_like(rslt.params),
        atol=1e-4)

    # Check dimensions and PSD status of cov_params
    cp = rslt.cov_params()
    p = len(rslt.params)
    assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
    np.linalg.cholesky(cp)


def test_crossed_poisson_map():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_crossed_poisson(10, 10, 1, 1)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    glmm = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt = glmm.fit_map()

    assert_allclose(
        glmm.logposterior_grad(rslt.params),
        np.zeros_like(rslt.params),
        atol=1e-4)

    # Check dimensions and PSD status of cov_params
    cp = rslt.cov_params()
    p = len(rslt.params)
    assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
    np.linalg.cholesky(cp)


def test_logit_map_crossed_formula():

    data = gen_crossed_logit_pandas(10, 10, 1, 0.5)

    fml = "y ~ fe"
    fml_vc = {"a": "0 + C(a)", "b": "0 + C(b)"}
    glmm = BinomialBayesMixedGLM.from_formula(fml, fml_vc, data, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt = glmm.fit_map()

    assert_allclose(
        glmm.logposterior_grad(rslt.params),
        np.zeros_like(rslt.params),
        atol=1e-4)
    rslt.summary()

    r = rslt.random_effects("a")
    assert_allclose(
        r.iloc[0, :].values, np.r_[-0.02004904, 0.094014], atol=1e-4)

    # Check dimensions and PSD status of cov_params
    cm = rslt.cov_params()
    p = rslt.params.shape[0]
    assert_equal(list(cm.shape), [p, p])
    np.linalg.cholesky(cm)


def test_elbo_grad():

    for f in range(2):
        for j in range(2):

            if f == 0:
                if j == 0:
                    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_logit(10, 10, 2)
                else:
                    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_crossed_logit(
                        10, 10, 1, 2)
            elif f == 1:
                if j == 0:
                    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_poisson(
                        10, 10, 0.5)
                else:
                    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_crossed_poisson(
                        10, 10, 1, 0.5)

            exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

            if f == 0:
                glmm1 = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
                    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
            else:
                glmm1 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(
                    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)

            rslt1 = glmm1.fit_map()

            for k in range(3):

                if k == 0:
                    vb_mean = rslt1.params
                    vb_sd = np.ones_like(vb_mean)
                elif k == 1:
                    vb_mean = np.zeros(len(vb_mean))
                    vb_sd = np.ones_like(vb_mean)
                else:
                    vb_mean = np.random.normal(size=len(vb_mean))
                    vb_sd = np.random.uniform(1, 2, size=len(vb_mean))

                mean_grad, sd_grad = glmm1.vb_elbo_grad(vb_mean, vb_sd)

                def elbo(vec, glmm1):
                    n = len(vec) // 2
                    return glmm1.vb_elbo(vec[:n], vec[n:])

                x = np.concatenate((vb_mean, vb_sd))
                g1 = approx_fprime(x, elbo, 1e-5, glmm1)
                n = len(x) // 2

                mean_grad_n = g1[:n]
                sd_grad_n = g1[n:]

                assert_allclose(mean_grad, mean_grad_n, atol=1e-2, rtol=1e-2)
                assert_allclose(sd_grad, sd_grad_n, atol=1e-2, rtol=1e-2)


def test_simple_logit_vb():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_logit(10, 10, 0)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    glmm1 = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
        y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
    rslt1 = glmm1.fit_map()

    glmm2 = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
        y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
    rslt2 = glmm2.fit_vb(rslt1.params)

    rslt1.summary()
    rslt2.summary()

    assert_allclose(
        rslt1.params[0:5],
        np.r_[0.75330405, -0.71643228, -2.49091288, -0.00959806, 0.00450254],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt2.params[0:5],
        np.r_[0.79338836, -0.7599833, -0.64149356, -0.24772884, 0.10775366],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    for rslt in rslt1, rslt2:
        cp = rslt.cov_params()
        p = len(rslt.params)
        if rslt is rslt1:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
            np.linalg.cholesky(cp)
        else:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p,])
            assert_equal(cp > 0, True*np.ones(p))


def test_simple_poisson_vb():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_poisson(10, 10, 1)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    glmm1 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt1 = glmm1.fit_map()

    glmm2 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt2 = glmm2.fit_vb(rslt1.params)

    rslt1.summary()
    rslt2.summary()

    assert_allclose(
        rslt1.params[0:5],
        np.r_[-0.07233493, -0.06706505, -0.47159649, 1.12575122, -1.02442201],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt1.cov_params().flat[0:5],
        np.r_[0.00790914, 0.00080666, -0.00050719, 0.00022648, 0.00046235],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt2.params[0:5],
        np.r_[-0.07088814, -0.06373107, -0.22770786, 1.12923746, -1.26161339],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt2.cov_params()[0:5],
        np.r_[0.00747782, 0.0092554, 0.04508904, 0.02934488, 0.20312746],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    for rslt in rslt1, rslt2:
        cp = rslt.cov_params()
        p = len(rslt.params)
        if rslt is rslt1:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
            np.linalg.cholesky(cp)
        else:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p,])
            assert_equal(cp > 0, True*np.ones(p))


def test_crossed_logit_vb():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_crossed_logit(10, 10, 1, 2)

    glmm1 = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
        y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
    rslt1 = glmm1.fit_map()

    glmm2 = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
        y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
    rslt2 = glmm2.fit_vb(mean=rslt1.params)

    rslt1.summary()
    rslt2.summary()

    assert_allclose(
        rslt1.params[0:5],
        np.r_[-5.43073978e-01, -2.46197518e+00, -2.36582801e+00,
              -9.64030461e-03, 2.32701078e-03],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt1.cov_params().flat[0:5],
        np.r_[4.12927123e-02, -2.04448923e-04, 4.64829219e-05, 1.20377543e-04,
              -1.45003234e-04],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt2.params[0:5],
        np.r_[-0.70834417, -0.3571011, 0.19126823, -0.36074489, 0.058976],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt2.cov_params()[0:5],
        np.r_[0.05212492, 0.04729656, 0.03916944, 0.25921842, 0.25782576],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    for rslt in rslt1, rslt2:
        cp = rslt.cov_params()
        p = len(rslt.params)
        if rslt is rslt1:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
            np.linalg.cholesky(cp)
        else:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p,])
            assert_equal(cp > 0, True*np.ones(p))


def test_crossed_logit_vb_formula():

    data = gen_crossed_logit_pandas(10, 10, 1, 2)

    fml = "y ~ fe"
    fml_vc = {"a": "0 + C(a)", "b": "0 + C(b)"}
    glmm1 = BinomialBayesMixedGLM.from_formula(fml, fml_vc, data, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt1 = glmm1.fit_vb()

    glmm2 = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
        glmm1.endog, glmm1.exog, glmm1.exog_vc, glmm1.ident, vcp_p=0.5)
    rslt2 = glmm2.fit_vb()

    assert_allclose(rslt1.params, rslt2.params, atol=1e-4)

    rslt1.summary()
    rslt2.summary()

    for rslt in rslt1, rslt2:
        cp = rslt.cov_params()
        p = len(rslt.params)
        if rslt is rslt1:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p,])
            assert_equal(cp > 0, True*np.ones(p))
        else:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p,])
            assert_equal(cp > 0, True*np.ones(p))


def test_crossed_poisson_vb():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_crossed_poisson(10, 10, 1, 0.5)

    glmm1 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(
        y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
    rslt1 = glmm1.fit_map()

    glmm2 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(
        y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
    rslt2 = glmm2.fit_vb(mean=rslt1.params)

    rslt1.summary()
    rslt2.summary()

    assert_allclose(
        rslt1.params[0:5],
        np.r_[-0.54855281, 0.10458834, -0.68777741, -0.01699925, 0.77200546],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    assert_allclose(
        rslt2.params[0:5],
        np.r_[-0.54691502, 0.22297158, -0.52673802, -0.06218684, 0.74385237],
        rtol=1e-4,
        atol=1e-4)

    for rslt in rslt1, rslt2:
        cp = rslt.cov_params()
        p = len(rslt.params)
        if rslt is rslt1:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
            np.linalg.cholesky(cp)
        else:
            assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p,])
            assert_equal(cp > 0, True*np.ones(p))


def test_poisson_formula():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_crossed_poisson(10, 10, 1, 0.5)

    for vb in False, True:

        glmm1 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM(
            y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident)
        if vb:
            rslt1 = glmm1.fit_vb()
        else:
            rslt1 = glmm1.fit_map()

        # Build categorical variables that match exog_vc
        df = pd.DataFrame({"y": y, "x1": exog_fe[:, 0]})
        z1 = np.zeros(len(y))
        for j, k in enumerate(np.flatnonzero(ident == 0)):
            z1[exog_vc[:, k] == 1] = j
        df["z1"] = z1
        z2 = np.zeros(len(y))
        for j, k in enumerate(np.flatnonzero(ident == 1)):
            z2[exog_vc[:, k] == 1] = j
        df["z2"] = z2

        fml = "y ~ 0 + x1"
        vc_fml = {}
        vc_fml["z1"] = "0 + C(z1)"
        vc_fml["z2"] = "0 + C(z2)"
        glmm2 = PoissonBayesMixedGLM.from_formula(fml, vc_fml, df)
        if vb:
            rslt2 = glmm2.fit_vb()
        else:
            rslt2 = glmm2.fit_map()

        assert_allclose(rslt1.params, rslt2.params, rtol=1e-5)

        for rslt in rslt1, rslt2:
            cp = rslt.cov_params()
            p = len(rslt.params)
            if vb:
                assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p,])
                assert_equal(cp > 0, True*np.ones(p))
            else:
                assert_equal(cp.shape, np.r_[p, p])
                np.linalg.cholesky(cp)


def test_scale_vb():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_logit(10, 10, 0)
    exog_fe -= exog_fe.mean(0)
    exog_fe /= exog_fe.std(0)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    rslts = []
    for scale_fe in False, True:
        glmm = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
            y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
        rslt = glmm.fit_vb(scale_fe=scale_fe)
        rslts.append(rslt)

    assert_allclose(rslts[0].params, rslts[1].params, rtol=1e-4)


def test_scale_map():

    y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident = gen_simple_logit(10, 10, 0)
    exog_fe -= exog_fe.mean(0)
    exog_fe /= exog_fe.std(0)
    exog_vc = sparse.csr_matrix(exog_vc)

    rslts = []
    for scale_fe in False, True:
        glmm = BinomialBayesMixedGLM(
            y, exog_fe, exog_vc, ident, vcp_p=0.5, fe_p=0.5)
        rslt = glmm.fit_map(scale_fe=scale_fe)
        rslts.append(rslt)

    assert_allclose(rslts[0].params, rslts[1].params, rtol=1e-4)


def test_doc_examples():

    np.random.seed(8767)
    n = 200
    m = 20
    data = pd.DataFrame({"Year": np.random.uniform(0, 1, n),
                         "Village": np.random.randint(0, m, n)})
    data["year_cen"] = data["Year"] - data.Year.mean()

    # Binomial outcome
    lpr = np.random.normal(size=m)[data.Village]
    lpr += np.random.normal(size=m)[data.Village] * data.year_cen
    y = (np.random.uniform(size=n) < 1 / (1 + np.exp(-lpr)))
    data["y"] = y.astype(int)

    # These lines should agree with the example in the class docstring.
    random = {"a": "0 + C(Village)", "b": "0 + C(Village)*year_cen"}
    model = BinomialBayesMixedGLM.from_formula(
                 "y ~ year_cen", random, data)
    result = model.fit_vb()
    _ = result

    # Poisson outcome
    lpr = np.random.normal(size=m)[data.Village]
    lpr += np.random.normal(size=m)[data.Village] * data.year_cen
    data["y"] = np.random.poisson(np.exp(lpr))

    # These lines should agree with the example in the class docstring.
    random = {"a": "0 + C(Village)", "b": "0 + C(Village)*year_cen"}
    model = PoissonBayesMixedGLM.from_formula(
                 "y ~ year_cen", random, data)
    result = model.fit_vb()
    _ = result
