Safari IT Books Language Constructs Functional Programming Haskell Safari IT Books Programming Programming Programming Bryan O'Sullivan Donald Bruce Stewart John Goerzen O'Reilly Media, Inc. Real World Haskell, 1st Edition20.4. Dates and TimesEverything from file timestamps to business transactions involve dates
and times. Haskell provides ways for manipulating dates and times, as well
as features for obtaining date and time information from the
system. 20.4.1. ClockTime and CalendarTimeIn Haskell, the System.Time module is primarily responsible for date and time handling. It
defines two types: ClockTime and
CalendarTime. ClockTime is the
Haskell version of the traditional POSIX epoch. A ClockTime represents a time relative to
midnight the morning of January 1, 1970, Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC). A negative ClockTime
represents a number of seconds prior to that date, while a positive
number represents a count of seconds after it. ClockTime is
convenient for computations. Since it tracks UTC, it doesn't have to adjust for local time zones,
daylight saving time, or other special cases in time handling. Every day
is exactly (60 * 60 * 24) or 86,400 seconds, which makes time interval calculations simple. You can,
for instance, check the ClockTime at the start of a long task,
again at the end, and simply subtract the start time from the end time
to determine how much time elapsed. You can then divide by 3,600 and
display the elapsed time as a count of hours if you wish. ClockTime is ideal
for answering questions such as these: How much time has elapsed? What will be the ClockTime 14 days ahead of this precise
instant? When was the file last modified? What is the precise time right now?
These are good uses of ClockTime because they refer to precise,
unambiguous moments in time. However, ClockTime is not as easily used for questions
such as: Is today Monday? What day of the week will May 1 fall on next
year? What is the current time in my local time zone,
taking the potential presence of Daylight Saving Time (DST) into account?
CalendarTime stores
time the way humans do: with a year, month, day, hour, minute, second,
time zone, and DST information. It's easy to convert this into a
conveniently displayable string, or to answer questions about the local
time. You can convert between ClockTime and CalendarTime at will. Haskell includes
functions to convert a ClockTime to a
CalendarTime in the local time zone
or to a CalendarTime representing UTC. <IP_ADDRESS>. Using ClockTimeClockTime
is defined in System.Time like this: data ClockTime = TOD Integer Integer
The first Integer
represents the number of seconds since the epoch. The second Integer represents an
additional number of picoseconds. Because ClockTime in Haskell uses the unbounded
Integer type, it can effectively
represent a date range limited only by computational resources. Let's look at some ways to use ClockTime. First, there is the getClockTime function that returns the
current time according to the system's clock: ghci> :module System.Timeghci> getClockTime
Loading package old-locale-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package old-time-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Sat Aug 23 22:30:03 PDT 2008 If you wait a second and run getClockTime again, it will return an updated time. Notice that the output
from this command is a nice-looking string, complete with day-of-week
information. That's due to the Show
instance for ClockTime. Let's look
at the ClockTime at a lower level: ghci> TOD 1000 0
Wed Dec 31 16:16:40 PST 1969
ghci> getClockTime >>= (\(TOD sec _) -> return sec)
1219555803 Here we first construct a ClockTime representing the point in time
1,000 seconds after midnight on January 1, 1970, UTC. That moment in
time is known as the epoch. Depending on your
time zone, this moment in time may correspond to the evening of
December 31, 1969, in your local time zone. In the second example we pull the number of seconds
out of the value returned by getClockTime. We can now manipulate it, like
so: ghci> getClockTime >>= (\(TOD sec _) -> return (TOD (sec + 86400) 0))
Sun Aug 24 22:30:03 PDT 2008
This will display what the time will be exactly 24
hours from now in your local time zone, since there are 86,400 seconds
in 24 hours. <IP_ADDRESS>. Using CalendarTimeAs its name implies, CalendarTime represents time like we would on a calendar. It has fields for
information such as year, month, and day. CalendarTime and its associated types are
defined like this: data CalendarTime = CalendarTime
{ctYear :: Int, -- Year (post-Gregorian)
ctMonth :: Month,
ctDay :: Int, -- Day of the month (1 to 31)
ctHour :: Int, -- Hour of the day (0 to 23)
ctMin :: Int, -- Minutes (0 to 59)
ctSec :: Int, -- Seconds (0 to 61, allowing for leap seconds)
ctPicosec :: Integer, -- Picoseconds
ctWDay :: Day, -- Day of the week
ctYDay :: Int, -- Day of the year (0 to 364 or 365)
ctTZName :: String, -- Name of timezone
ctTZ :: Int, -- Variation from UTC in seconds
ctIsDST :: Bool -- True if Daylight Saving Time in effect
}
data Month = January | February | March | April | May | June
| July | August | September | October | November | December
data Day = Sunday | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday
| Thursday | Friday | Saturday
There are a few things about these structures that
should be highlighted: ctWDay,
ctYDay, and ctTZName are generated by the library functions that create a
CalendarTime but are not used
in calculations. If you are creating a CalendarTime by hand, it is not
necessary to put accurate values into these fields, unless your
later calculations will depend upon them. All of these three types are members of the
Eq, Ord, Read, and Show typeclasses. In addition, Month and Day are declared as members of the Enum and
Bounded typeclasses. For more
information on these typeclasses, refer to Section 6.4. You can generate CalendarTime values several ways. You
could start by converting a ClockTime to a CalendarTime such as this: ghci> :module System.Timeghci> now <- getClockTime
Loading package old-locale-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package old-time-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Sat Aug 23 22:29:59 PDT 2008
ghci> nowCal <- toCalendarTime now
CalendarTime {ctYear = 2008, ctMonth = August, ctDay = 23, ctHour = 22,
ctMin = 29,ctSec = 59, ctPicosec =<PHONE_NUMBER>00, ctWDay = Saturday,
ctYDay = 235, ctTZName ="PDT", ctTZ = -25200, ctIsDST = True}
ghci> let nowUTC = toUTCTime now
ghci> nowCal
CalendarTime {ctYear = 2008, ctMonth = August, ctDay = 23, ctHour = 22,
ctMin = 29, ctSec = 59, ctPicosec =<PHONE_NUMBER>00, ctWDay = Saturday,
ctYDay = 235, ctTZName = "PDT", ctTZ = -25200, ctIsDST = True}
ghci> nowUTC
CalendarTime {ctYear = 2008, ctMonth = August, ctDay = 24, ctHour = 5,
ctMin = 29, ctSec = 59, ctPicosec =<PHONE_NUMBER>00, ctWDay = Sunday,
ctYDay = 236, ctTZName = "UTC", ctTZ = 0, ctIsDST = False} We used getClockTime to obtain the current
ClockTime from the system's
clock. Next, toCalendarTime
converts the ClockTime to a
CalendarTime representing the
time in the local time zone. toUTCtime performs a similar conversion,
but its result is in the UTC time zone instead of the local time
zone. Notice that toCalendarTime is an IO function, but toUTCTime is not. The reason is that
toCalendarTime returns a
different result depending upon the locally configured time zone,
but toUTCTime will return the
exact same result whenever it is passed the same source ClockTime. It's easy to modify a CalendarTime value: ghci> nowCal {ctYear = 1960}
CalendarTime {ctYear = 1960, ctMonth = August, ctDay = 23,
ctHour = 22, ctMin = 29, ctSec = 59, ctPicosec =<PHONE_NUMBER>00,
ctWDay = Saturday, ctYDay = 235, ctTZName = "PDT",
ctTZ = -25200, ctIsDST = True}
ghci> (\(TOD sec _) -> sec) (toClockTime nowCal)
1219555799
ghci> (\(TOD sec _) -> sec) (toClockTime (nowCal {ctYear = 1960}))
-295209001 In this example, we first took the CalendarTime value from earlier and
simply switched its year to 1960. Then, we used toClockTime to convert the unmodified
value to a ClockTime, and then
the modified value, so you can see the difference. Notice that the
modified value shows a negative number of seconds once converted
to ClockTime. That's to be
expected, since a ClockTime is
an offset from midnight on January 1, 1970, UTC, and this value is
in 1960. You can also create CalendarTime values manually: ghci> let newCT = CalendarTime 2010 January 15 12 30 0 0 Sunday 0 "UTC" 0 Falseghci> newCT
CalendarTime {ctYear = 2010, ctMonth = January, ctDay = 15, ctHour = 12,
ctMin = 30, ctSec = 0, ctPicosec = 0, ctWDay = Sunday, ctYDay = 0,
ctTZName = "UTC", ctTZ = 0, ctIsDST = False}
ghci> (\(TOD sec _) -> sec) (toClockTime newCT)
1263558600 Note that even though January 15, 2010, isn't a
Sunday—and isn't day 0 in the year—the system was able to process
this just fine. In fact, if we convert the value to a ClockTime and then back to a CalendarTime, you'll find those fields
properly filled in: ghci> toUTCTime . toClockTime $ newCT
CalendarTime {ctYear = 2010, ctMonth = January, ctDay = 15, ctHour = 12,
ctMin = 30, ctSec = 0, ctPicosec = 0, ctWDay = Friday, ctYDay = 14,
ctTZName = "UTC", ctTZ = 0, ctIsDST = False}
<IP_ADDRESS>. TimeDiff for ClockTimeBecause it can be difficult to manage differences between ClockTime values in a human-friendly way,
the System.Time module includes a
TimeDiff type. TimeDiff can be used, where convenient, to
handle these differences. It is defined like this: data TimeDiff = TimeDiff
{tdYear :: Int,
tdMonth :: Int,
tdDay :: Int,
tdHour :: Int,
tdMin :: Int,
tdSec :: Int,
tdPicosec :: Integer}
Functions such as diffClockTimes and addToClockTime take a ClockTime and a
TimeDiff and
handle the calculations internally by converting to a CalendarTime in UTC, applying the
differences, and converting back to a ClockTime. Let's see how it works: ghci> :module System.Timeghci> let feb5 = toClockTime $ CalendarTime 2008 February 5 0 0 0 0 Sunday 0
"UTC" 0 False
Loading package old-locale-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package old-time-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
ghci> feb5
Mon Feb 4 16:00:00 PST 2008
ghci> addToClockTime (TimeDiff 0 1 0 0 0 0 0) feb5
Tue Mar 4 16:00:00 PST 2008
ghci> toUTCTime $ addToClockTime (TimeDiff 0 1 0 0 0 0 0) feb5
CalendarTime {ctYear = 2008, ctMonth = March, ctDay = 5, ctHour = 0,
ctMin = 0, ctSec = 0, ctPicosec = 0, ctWDay = Wednesday, ctYDay = 64,
ctTZName = "UTC", ctTZ = 0, ctIsDST = False}
ghci> let jan30 = toClockTime $ CalendarTime 2009 January 30 0 0 0 0
Sunday 0 "UTC" 0 False
ghci> jan30
Thu Jan 29 16:00:00 PST 2009
ghci> addToClockTime (TimeDiff 0 1 0 0 0 0 0) jan30
Sun Mar 1 16:00:00 PST 2009
ghci> toUTCTime $ addToClockTime (TimeDiff 0 1 0 0 0 0 0) jan30
CalendarTime {ctYear = 2009, ctMonth = March, ctDay = 2, ctHour = 0, ctMin = 0,
ctSec = 0, ctPicosec = 0, ctWDay = Monday, ctYDay = 60, ctTZName = "UTC", ctTZ =
0, ctIsDST = False}
ghci> diffClockTimes jan30 feb5
TimeDiff {tdYear = 0, tdMonth = 0, tdDay = 0, tdHour = 0, tdMin = 0, tdSec = 31104000,
tdPicosec = 0}
ghci> normalizeTimeDiff $ diffClockTimes jan30 feb5
TimeDiff {tdYear = 0, tdMonth = 12, tdDay = 0, tdHour = 0, tdMin = 0, tdSec = 0,
tdPicosec = 0} We started by generating a ClockTime representing midnight February 5,
2008 in UTC. Note that, unless your time zone is the same as UTC, when
this time is printed out on the display, it may show up as the evening
of February 4 because it is formatted for your local time zone. Next, we add one month to it by calling addToClockTime. 2008 is a leap year, but the
system handled that properly and we get a result that has the same
date and time in March. Using toUTCTime, we can see the effect on this in
the original UTC time zone. For a second experiment, we set up a time representing
midnight on January 30, 2009 in UTC. 2009 is not a leap year, so we
might wonder what will happen when trying to add one month to it. We
can see that, since neither February 29 or 30 exist in 2009, we wind
up with March 2. Finally, we can see how diffClockTimes turns two ClockTime values into a TimeDiff,
though only the seconds and picoseconds are filled in. The normalizeTimeDiff function takes such a
TimeDiff and reformats it as a
human might expect to see it. 20.4.2. File Modification TimesMany programs need to find out when particular files were last
modified. Programs such as ls or
graphical file managers typically display the modification time of
files. The System.Directory
module contains a cross-platform getModificationTime function. It takes a
filename and returns a ClockTime
representing the time the file was last modified. For instance: ghci> :module System.Directoryghci> getModificationTime "/etc/passwd"
Loading package old-locale-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package old-time-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package filepath-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package directory-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Mon Jul 14 04:06:29 PDT 2008 POSIX platforms maintain not just a modification time
(known as mtime), but also the time of last read or write access (atime)
and the time of last status change (ctime). Since this information is
POSIX-specific, the cross-platform System.Directory module does not provide
access to it. Instead, you will need to use functions in System.Posix.Files.
Here is an example function to do that: -- file: ch20/posixtime.hs
-- posixtime.hs
import System.Posix.Files
import System.Time
import System.Posix.Types
-- | Given a path, returns (atime, mtime, ctime)
getTimes :: FilePath -> IO (ClockTime, ClockTime, ClockTime)
getTimes fp =
do stat <- getFileStatus fp
return (toct (accessTime stat),
toct (modificationTime stat),
toct (statusChangeTime stat))
-- | Convert an EpochTime to a ClockTime
toct :: EpochTime -> ClockTime
toct et =
TOD (truncate (toRational et)) 0
Notice that call to getFileStatus. That call maps directly to the
C function stat(). Its return value
stores a vast assortment of information, including file type,
permissions, owner, group, and the three time values we're interested
in. System.Posix.Files provides
various functions, such as accessTime, that extract the information we're
interested out of the opaque FileStatus type returned by getFileStatus. The functions such as accessTime return data in a POSIX-specific
type called EpochTime, which converts to a ClockTime using the toct function. System.Posix.Files also provides a
setFileTimes function to set the atime and mtime for a file.
|


If you have any queries or problems, please fill out the form below. We will get back to you within 24 hours. Thank you!


What do you guys prefer for dinner?
I want sum chicken.
I prefer vegetables.
Anyone in for some vegan dinner at my place?
If there's no chicken. There's no me.


我就
健
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On Monday, November 11 at 9:56 a.m. EST, 14:56 UTC, SpaceX launched 60 Starlink satellites from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.
Falcon 9’s first stage supported the Iridium-7, SAOCOM-1A, and Nusantara Satu missions, and the fairing was previously flown on Falcon Heavy’s Arabsat-6A mission earlier this year. Following stage separation, SpaceX landed Falcon 9’s first stage on the “Of Course I Still Love You” droneship, which was stationed in the Atlantic Ocean. You can watch a replay of launch below and learn more about the mission in our press kit.


All Classes
DOMTree
DOMTreeDeleteController
DOMTreePrefsController
DOMTreePrefsListController
DOMTreeService
DOMTreeViewController


A number is generated randomly, and stored in a global variable. imagelessCaptcha generates the number as a phrase that asks the user to write it as a number, as shown below. When the form is submitted, it is validated by checking if the answer and the number match.


{% load i18n scheduletags %} {% load commons_tags %} {% if day.has_occurrences %} {% for o in day.get_occurrence_partials %} {% with occurrence=o.occurrence %}
| {% trans "Starts" %} | {% blocktrans with occurrence.start|date:_("DATETIME_FORMAT") as start_date %}{{ start_date }}{% endblocktrans %} |
| {% trans "Ends" %} | {% blocktrans with occurrence.end|date:_("DATETIME_FORMAT") as end_date %}{{ end_date }}{% endblocktrans %} |
| {% trans "personal event code"|capfirst %} | |
| {% trans "event dashboard"|capfirst %} | {% trans "open"|capfirst %} |
| {% trans "Reoccurs" %} | {{occurrence.event.rule}} |
| {% trans "Until" %} | {% blocktrans with occurrence.event.end_recurring_period|date:_("DATETIME_FORMAT") as end_date %}{{ end_date }}{% endblocktrans %} |
{{occurrence.description}}
{% endif %}


Lori Hager Examples
Home
Basic JavaScript
More Basic JavaScript
Open Links in New Tab
Link Pages
Rotate Images
See 'js/basicJs.js' for the expressions of the below solutions


Definition at line 87 of file b_kv.h.
Definition at line 88 of file b_kv.h.
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Definition at line 95 of file b_kv.h.
Definition at line 93 of file b_kv.h.
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Definition at line 92 of file b_kv.h.


Please be patient. This application is approx 3.5 megabytes and will take a few moments to load on slower connections.
Once the application has fully downloaded however, everything in the app takes places entirely in your browser's memory. So it should be fairly quick. And you can take it with you w/o the need of an internet connection. Just don't close the browser tab.
I sincerely hope you enjoy it.
Gregory Naughton <greg AT naughton DOT org>, 2014.
In case it fails to load on its own, the page can be accessed directly by this link.


讲师及话题
@@include('../../includes/en/speaker-topic-introduction.html')
讲师及话题
@@include('../../includes/en/speakers-speakers.html')
@@include('../../includes/en/main-topics-simple.html')
@@include('../../includes/en/footer-additional.html')


--- category: 'input' sortorder: 50 ---
High resolution timer, used to get the elapsed real time.
var timer = new Timer(); // Returns the elapsed time (in seconds) since the timer was created or reset. var elapsed = timer.elapsed(); // Reset the elapsed time. timer.reset();


Player Number
Question Type One
Question Type Two
Question Type Three
Start Game
Accept
Reject
Reset Game


Ski slopes near Rome
Ski slopes in Rome and the surrounding area?
Few remember that Rome is surrounded by mountains, and in the winter they mean "snow and fun." All Ski Europe makes towards the Alps, a few are aware that in the central and southern Italy, you can find very favorable conditions for winter sports. The ski season takes a little less than in the north of the country, but it usually lasts long enough to encourage many to skiers. For good ski stations of Rome can be reached by car in an hour and a few minutes. Some centers even offer special packages with ski-bus from Rome, meals and discounts for rental of ski equipment.
Ski slopes in the vicinity of Rome: Terminillo (Rieti), Campo Felice (L'Aquila), Ovindoli (Avezzano), Campo Imperatore (Gran Sasso), Campo Staffi (Fiuggi), Monte Livata (Subiaco), Roccaraso (Abruzzo).
And what with the snow in Rome itself? You have to take your suitcase winter boots? You have little chance - one in a thousand - of you will prove useful ... Here, usually in the summer is Africa, in spring and autumn, summer and winter golden Polish autumn ... A winter? In the mountains ... or as archival footage ...


Steam's top 20 new releases in October include Destiny 2 and Postal 4
by Andy ChalkWith November's halfway point now well behind us, Valve has released its list of the top 20 new game releases for October. Some of them, like Destiny 2 and Disco Elysium, won't surprise anyone; but others, well, they might.
The list is based on revenue generation over the first two weeks, which is why these rundowns never appear until a few weeks after the end of the month: Games released at the end of the month still need their two weeks to ring up the revenues, after all. And they are ranked chronologically, not by revenue, so there's no "winner" here, although it's probably safe to assume that Destiny 2 pulled in more bucks than, say, Postal 4: No Regerts.
And yes, Postal 4 is on the list, with a peak player count of 806, according to Steam Charts, which puts it just behind Chernobylite, which managed 809. That's not directly correlated to the revenues-based ranking, since different games have different prices, but it does underscore that a game doesn't have to be a hit (or, you know, good) to make the top 20.
Because it's Valve, simply listing the games isn't sufficient, so for October it dug into how many people are playing more than one game on the list. Unsurprisingly, Destiny 2 has huge overlap—nearly 20 percent of Steam users who played other games on this month's list also play Destiny 2—but there's community crossover beyond that obvious mega-hit.
"While the numbers are not as high, the overlap in people playing more than one game from the Top Releases list presents some interesting correlations worth highlighting. For example, we found a lot of players enjoying both Atelier Ryza & Indivisible, which are both anime RPGs featuring turn-based combat and female protagonists," Valve explained.
"We found similar overlap in players across We Were Here Together and Trine 4, which both incorporate heavy use of puzzles with an emphasis on cooperative gameplay. Crossroads Inn & Autonauts have very different themes, but both games utilize building and simulation."
Here's the full list:
- Destiny 2
- Indivisible
- Trine 4: The Nightmare Prince
- Doraemon Story of Seasons
- Mistover
- GRID
- Pine
- We Were Here Together
- Postal 4: No Regerts
- Chernobylite
- Disco Elysium
- The Jackbox Party Pack 6
- ArcheAge: Unchained
- Autonauts
- Digimon Story Cyber Sleuth: Complete Edition
- WWE 2K20
- Crossroads Inn
- Richman10
- Secret Neighbor
- Atelier Ryza: Ever Darkness and the Secret Hideout
And here are the top six free releases for October, because they make money too.
- Destiny 2
- NGU Idle
- Breeders of the Nephelym
- The Walking Zombie 2
- Legend of the Keepers: Prologue
- War Selection
All of October's top new releases are available in this handy Steam sale page.
Update: The top free releases section originally listed only five games, but was meant to have six, including NGU Idle (and now does).


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# Override the path that is redirected to after user is signed out.
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# https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/blob/master/lib/devise/controllers/helpers.rb
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new_user_session_path
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end
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I18n.locale = current_user.language


Fun and engaging education
ABOUT THE EDUCATION FOUNDATION
The Manned Space Flight Education Foundation inonprofit educational foundation offering extensive science education programs and a space museum. The cornerstone of its education mission is Space Center Houston, a leading science and space exploration learning center. It is one of Houston's top attractions, the area's No. 1 attraction for international visitors, the Official Visitor Center of NASA Johnson Space Center and a Smithsonian Affiliate.
To the Moon and Beyond
WELCOME ABOARD
Space Center Houston has welcomed nearly 20 million visitors and currently hosts more than 1 million visitors annually in its 250,000-square-foot educational complex. Space Center Houston has a $73 million impact on the greater Houston economy, according to a 2016 economic study by Jason Murasko and Stephen Cotten, associate professors of economics at the University of Houston - Clear Lake.
Certified Autism Center
EDUCATIONAL COMPLEX AND SPACE MUSEUM
The certification process involves rigorous training for staff, inspections and improvements that enable Space Center Houston to better welcome and accommodate guests with autism spectrum disorder and other sensory and cognitive challenges. Space Center Houston was always welcoming to guests with special needs," cMahon said. "I was able to help support that commitment by leading informal training for my instructor colleagues on working with guests with disabilities, including autism.


| Membership Number | Personal Transport | First Name | Last Name | Guest1 | Guest2 | Guest3 | Guest Number | Holes Number | Game Date | Booking Date | BagTroll Number |
|---|
| Membership Number | Personal Transport | First Name | Last Name | Guest1 | Guest2 | Guest3 | Guest Number | Holes Number | Game Date | Booking Date | BagTroll Number |
|---|


Contributing
We love your input! We want to make contributing to this project as easy and transparent as possible, whether it’s:
- Reporting a bug
- Discussing the current state of the code
- Submitting a fix
- Proposing new features
- Becoming a maintainer
We Develop with Github
We use Github to host code, to track issues and feature requests, as well as accept pull requests.
We Use Github Flow, So All Code Changes Happen Through Pull Requests
Pull requests are the best way to propose changes to the codebase (we use Github Flow). We actively welcome your pull requests:
- Fork the repo and create your branch from
master
.
- If you’ve added code that should be tested, add tests.
- If you’ve changed APIs, update the documentation.
- Issue that pull request!
Any contributions you make will be under the MIT Software License
In short, when you submit code changes, your submissions are understood to be under the same MIT License that covers the project. Feel free to contact the maintainers if that’s a concern.
Report bugs using Github’s issues
We use GitHub issues to track public bugs. Report a bug by opening a new issue; it’s that easy!
Write bug reports with detail, background, and sample code
This is an example of a good bug report. Here’s another example from Craig Hockenberry, a respected app developer.
Great Bug Reports tend to have:
- A quick summary and/or background
- Steps to reproduce
- Be specific!
- Give sample code if you can. My stackoverflow question includes sample code that anyone with a base R setup can run to reproduce what I was seeing
- What you expected would happen
- What actually happens
- Notes (possibly including why you think this might be happening, or stuff you tried that didn’t work)
People love thorough bug reports. I’m not even kidding.
Use a Consistent Coding Style
We will be referring to Facebook’s Guidelines
- 2 spaces for indentation rather than tabs
- You can try running
npm run lint
for style unification
License
By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under its MIT License.
References
This document was adapted from the open-source contribution guidelines for Facebook’s Draft


Anastasiya Kvitko Leaves Little To The Imagination In Purple String Bikini
November 18, 2019
Anastasiya Kvitko Leaves Little To The Imagination In Purple String Bikini
Russian bombshell Anastasiya Kvitko took to Instagram on Monday to show off her fabulous curves in a skimpy bikini.
The beauty’s update consisted of three photos that showed her in a lounge chair soaking up the sun. Her bikini wasn’t much more than a few purple strings wrapped around her body.
Two of the photos showed Anastasiya lying on her belly and leaning on her forearms while looking up at the camera. The angle of the pictures gave her followers a good look at her voluptuous cleavage as well as her world-famous booty. Also on display was her tiny waist and toned legs.
The other photo showed Anastasiya from behind sitting on her feet in the lounge chair — a pose that made her derrière the focal point of the snap. The pose also showed off the stunner’s smooth skin as she looked at something off to the side.
The brunette bombshell looked relaxed as she wore a silver Fendi sun visor and a pair of large sunglasses.  She wore a taupe color on her nails and added a bit of bling to the look with bracelets on her arm.
Anastasiya kept the caption simple, stating that the skimpy bikini was from fashion brand PrettyLittleThing.
The post got her fans’ attention, with many leaving behind fire and heart emoji. Others had a little more to say.
“Wow those first two pix are AMAZING!!! I love you in that pose,” wrote one admirer.
“Angel of unearthly beauty,” another fan said.
Some of her fans had a little fun with her regarding the ad for the bikini, which was hardly noticable.
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“I can’t see no swimsuit,” one follower joked.
“Where is the swimsuit,” quipped another admirer.
It’s true that there was not much to be seen of the swimsuit Anastasiya was wearing, but that isn’t unusual for the model, who seems to have a thing for showing off her skin. She has earned a reputation for wearing the tiniest bikinis she can squeeze her body into, and her 10.2 million followers seem to love her for it.
When she isn’t flashing skin, she likes to flaunt her curves wearing tight clothing. Earlier this month, she drove her fans wild when she posted a snap of her wearing a crop top, leggings and a pair of thigh-high boots.


Activities by School of Computer Science and Applications
1.Two days Workshop on “Server Side Scripting and Web Apps Development using Frameworks”
Name:Two daysWorkshop on “Server Side Scripting and Web Apps Development using Frameworks”
Audience:School of CSA –Students of IIIMCA(B section)
Date:7th and 8th January, 2019
Timing:8:30 A.M to 4:30 P.M
Number of audience participated:50
Venue:Admin Block Basement Lab-007
Resource person:Mr.Sreejith R, Developer Team-Lead, RLabZSolutions , Kerala.
Event organizers:Prof.Deepa B G, Prof.Manjusree, Prof. Lokesh C K
A two day workshop has been conducted on Students of III MCA (B section) in the School of Computer Science and Applications by, Mr.Sreejith R, Developer Team-Lead, RLabZSolutions, Kerala on 7thand 8th January, 2019, who gave an introduction to the Web Development concepts using web framework Django. The main objective is to familiarize the concept of programming language ‘Python’, which is an all-purpose language. The emphasis was given on clean code and the reusability of the individual components.
2.Guest Lecture on “Importance of Cyber Security”
Name:Importance of Cyber Security
Audience:BCA
Date:10th Jan 2019
Timing:9.30 to 4.30 P.M
Number of audience participated:200
Venue:A.P.J Abdul Kalam Seminar hall, Science Block
Resource person:Mr. Manoj Kashyap, Technical Training Officer, STAR Company
On 10th January 2019, the School of Computer Science and Applications organized a guest lecture on Importance of Cyber Security, for BCA students Resource person was Mr. Manoj Kashyap, Technical Training Officer, STAR Company. He emphasized on the importance of Cyber Law and its all aspects of transactions and activities concerning to the Internet. He also focused on to protect the assets and facilities of the organization. He also spoke about the Cybersecurity on how to secure internet-connected systems, including hardware, software and data, from cyber attacks especially data centers and other computerized systems.
3.FDP on “Statistics for Data Science”
FDP Name:Statistics for Data Science
Audience:Faculty
Date:12th Jan 2019
Timing:9 am to 12.30 P.M
Number of audience participated:30
Venue:Legal studies Seminar Hall
Resource person:Dr. Vinayaka Murthy
A Faculty Development Program has been conducted on Statistics for Data Science in the School of Computer Science and Applications for faculty members on 12 January 2019. He focused on Statistics plays a crucial role in discoveries of science, make decisions based on data, and make predictions. He discussed about how to use the proper methods to collect the data, employ the correct analyses, and effectively present the results. He also spoke how statistics will be help in drawing conclusion for those who are involved in doing research work.
4.Outreach Program- A visit to Manukula charitable and educational trust
School of Computer Science and Application had visited to Blind School Manukula charitable and educational trust on 12 January 2019 to support and spend some quality time with them. In this regard 7 students from BCA 4th Sem and 2 Faculty members. The students initially tried to understand their interest and then planned to carry out activities for both blind and orphan students. The students conducted various activities like: Talk on Cleanliness, Unity in integrity, Games- touch and answer, Clay modelling and Gifts & Snacks distribution.
5.Skill Development Programme on Cyber Security User
A Four day Skill development programme on was conducted by School of Computer Science and Applications on 23rd To 26th January, 2019 Resource person was Mr Manoj Kashyab, Mr Suramkar Roy, Mr Bivin Jacob From Star Certification, Bengaluru for Students of IV BCA(A ,B, C & D section). Faculty member and research scholar were introduced the importance The main objective of this skill development course is to inculcate how to secure the system from cyber security issues and to impart the students the Clear Understanding about the needs of Data Protection and Data generation and common threats and precaution to be taken.


Defines | |
| #define | BOARD_USBKEY 0 |
| #define | BOARD_STK525 1 |
| #define | BOARD_STK526 2 |
| #define | BOARD_RZUSBSTICK 3 |
| #define | BOARD_ATAVRUSBRF01 4 |
| #define | BOARD_USER 5 |
| #define | BOARD_BUMBLEB 6 |
| #define | BOARD_XPLAIN 7 |
| #define | BOARD_XPLAIN_REV1 8 |
| #define | BOARD_EVK527 9 |
| #define | BOARD_NONE 10 |
| #define | BOARD_TEENSY 11 |
| #define | BOARD_USBTINYMKII 12 |
| #define | BOARD_BENITO 13 |
| #define | BOARD_JMDBU2 14 |
| #define | BOARD_OLIMEX162 15 |
| #define | BOARD_UDIP 16 |
| #define | BOARD_BUI 17 |
| #define | BOARD_UNO 18 |
| #define | BOARD_CULV3 19 |
| #define | BOARD_BLACKCAT 20 |
| #define | BOARD_MAXIMUS 21 |
| #define | BOARD_MINIMUS 22 |
| #define | BOARD_ADAFRUITU4 23 |
| #define | BOARD_MICROSIN162 24 |
Macros for indicating the chosen physical board hardware to the library. These macros should be used when defining the BOARD token to the chosen hardware via the -D switch in the project makefile.
| #define BOARD_ADAFRUITU4 23 |
Selects the Adafruit U4 specific board drivers, including the Button driver.
| #define BOARD_ATAVRUSBRF01 4 |
Selects the ATAVRUSBRF01 specific board drivers, including the driver for the board LEDs.
| #define BOARD_BENITO 13 |
Selects the Benito specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_BLACKCAT 20 |
Selects the Blackcat USB JTAG specific board drivers, including the driver for the board LEDs.
| #define BOARD_BUI 17 |
Selects the BUI specific board drivers, including the driver for the board LEDs.
| #define BOARD_BUMBLEB 6 |
Selects the BUMBLEB specific board drivers, using the officially recommended peripheral layout.
| #define BOARD_CULV3 19 |
Selects the CUL V3 specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_EVK527 9 |
Selects the EVK527 specific board drivers, including Temperature, Button, Dataflash, Joystick and LED drivers.
| #define BOARD_JMDBU2 14 |
Selects the JM-DB-U2 specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_MAXIMUS 21 |
Selects the Maximus specific board drivers, including the driver for the board LEDs.
| #define BOARD_MICROSIN162 24 |
Selects the Microsin AVR-USB162 specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_MINIMUS 22 |
Selects the Minimus specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_NONE 10 |
Disables board drivers when operation will not be adversely affected (e.g. LEDs) - use of board drivers such as the Joystick driver, where the removal would adversely affect the code's operation is still disallowed.
| #define BOARD_OLIMEX162 15 |
Selects the Olimex AVR-USB-162 specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_RZUSBSTICK 3 |
Selects the RZUSBSTICK specific board drivers, including the driver for the boards LEDs.
| #define BOARD_STK525 1 |
Selects the STK525 specific board drivers, including Temperature, Button, Dataflash, Joystick and LED drivers.
| #define BOARD_STK526 2 |
Selects the STK526 specific board drivers, including Temperature, Button, Dataflash, Joystick and LED drivers.
| #define BOARD_TEENSY 11 |
Selects the Teensy (all versions) specific board drivers, including the driver for the board LEDs.
| #define BOARD_UDIP 16 |
Selects the UDIP specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_UNO 18 |
Selects the Arduino Uno specific board drivers, including the driver for the board LEDs.
| #define BOARD_USBKEY 0 |
Selects the USBKEY specific board drivers, including Temperature, Button, Dataflash, Joystick and LED drivers.
| #define BOARD_USBTINYMKII 12 |
Selects the USBTINY MKII specific board drivers, including the Button and LEDs drivers.
| #define BOARD_USER 5 |
Selects the user-defined board drivers, which should be placed in the user project's folder under a directory named /Board/. Each board driver should be named identically to the LUFA master board driver (i.e., driver in the LUFA/Drivers/Board director) so that the library can correctly identify it.
| #define BOARD_XPLAIN 7 |
Selects the XPLAIN (Revision 2 or newer) specific board drivers, including LED and Dataflash driver.
| #define BOARD_XPLAIN_REV1 8 |
Selects the XPLAIN (Revision 1) specific board drivers, including LED and Dataflash driver.


Rookie Quartararo on pole for Valencia MotoGP
VALENCIA, Nov 17 — French whizz kid Fabio Quartararo romped to his sixth pole position of the championship at the season-closing Valencia Grand Prix yesterday, with world champion Marc Marquez right on his tail.
Under bright blue skies, Yamaha-SRT’s 20-year-old Quartararo dominated the closing stage of qualifying on the tight 4km Ricardo Tormo circuit after choosing the more dangerous hard tyres for the cold conditions.
Ducati have won three times at Valencia and their Australian rider Jack Miller also made the front row to give the Italian team a shot at a surprise victory today.
No French rider has won a MotoGP race for 20 years, but the rookie Quartararo insisted his aim was only a seventh podium finish of the campaign today.
Trying to snap the French hoodoo, Quartararo could be forgiven for seeing an omen in the fact Regis Laconi’s triumph in 1999 was at Valencia and was achieved on a Yamaha.
“The main goal tomorrow is to get a very strong first three laps, after that we’ll see, the target is the podium,” he said.
“For a first season to be ‘Rookie of the year’ with six poles and six podiums is great, especially if you look where we came from,” Quartararo added.
Six-time top-class world champion Marquez managed second place on the grid despite a fall in practice yesterday morning.
“It was a good lap in the end, we are happy with second place,” said Marquez, who has won 11 of the 18 races so far this season.
“For the race on Sunday we will have to do it differently because Quartararo was very fast,” added the Spaniard.
The emergence of the French rookie has spiced up the close of the 2019 season with the Yamaha man losing out on the last lap in cat-and-mouse struggles with Marquez twice.
The race will also serve as a swansong for retiring former three-time MotoGP world champion Jorge Lorenzo, 32, whose season has been littered with accidents.
“He is a real champion. The moment he feels he can’t be in the top places he decided to stop,” his teammate Marquez said.
Lorenzo’s place in the Honda team may be taken by Marquez’s younger brother Alex, champion of the Moto2 category this season. — AFP


state: [text] state:[open,closed]
Filter issues based on whether they're open or closed.
Example: build error state:open
Issues with the words "build error" and the issue is "open".
Example: indexer state:open state:closed
Issues with the words "indexer" and the issue is "open" or "closed".
user: [text] user:[username,orgname]
Find issues from all repositories owned by a certain user or organization.
Example: api user:git
Issues with the word "api" related to repos owned by "git", a user.
Example: ionic user:driftyco state:open
Issues with the word "ionic" that are "open" and related to repos owned by driftyco", an org .
involves: [text] involves:[username]
Finds issues that were either created by, assigned
to, mentions, or were commented on by a particular user.
Example: build error involves:wkande
Issues with the words "build error" that involve the user "wkande".
author: [text] author:[username]
Finds issues created by a certain user.
Example: build error author:wkande
Issues with the words "build error" created by user "wkande".
assignee: [text] assignee:[username]
Finds issues that are assigned to a certain user.
Example: build error assignee:wkande
Issues with the words "build error" assigned to user "wkande".
mentions: [text] mentions:[username]
Finds issues that mention a certain user.
Example: build error mentions:wkande
Issues with the words "build error" mentioning user "wkande".
commentor: [text] commentor:[username]
Finds issues that a certain user commented on.
Example: error commentor:wkande
Issues with the word "error" commented on by user "wkande".
labels: [text] label:[labelname]
Filters issues based on their labels.
Example: api author:wkande label:bug
Issues with the word "api" created by user "wkande" with the label "question".
Example: api author:wkande label:bug label:
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Example: api author:wkande -label:bug
Issues with the word "api" created by user "wkande" without the label "bug".
Example: indexer author:wkande label:enahancement label:question
Issues with the word "indexer" created by user "wkande" with the labels "enhancement" and "question".


Entity Framework is the recommend data access technology for new applications in .NET. It is an object-relational mapper that enables .NET developers to work with relational data using domain-specific objects. It eliminates the need for most of the data-access code that developers usually need to write.
Entity Framework 6 is the legacy Entity Framework for .NET Framework, that runs only on Windows.
Entity Framework Core is a new, lightweight and extensible .NET Standard based version for .NET applications running Windows, Linux and macOS.


Function
| Static Public Summary | ||
| public |
The opposite of Before. |
|
| public |
The opposite of Before. |
|
| public |
Creates a function that invokes func, with up to n arguments, ignoring any additional arguments. |
|
| public |
Creates a function that invokes func, with the this binding and arguments of the created function, while it's called less than n times. Subsequent calls to the created function return the result of the last func invocation. |
|
| public |
Creates a function that invokes func, with the this binding and arguments of the created function, while it's called less than n times. Subsequent calls to the created function return the result of the last func invocation. |
|
| public |
Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing method. |
|
| public |
Creates a debounced function that delays invoking func until after wait milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was invoked. |
|
| public |
DebounceAll(wait: number, options: DebounceOptions): * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking func until after wait milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was invoked. |
|
| public |
Invokes func after wait milliseconds. |
|
| public |
Flip(fn: *): * Creates a function that invokes func with arguments reversed. |
|
| public |
Flow(fns: ...*): * Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the given functions with the this binding of the created function, where each successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. |
|
| public |
FlowRight(fns: ...*): * Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the given functions with the this binding of the created function, where each successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. |
|
| public |
Mixin(srcs: ...Object[]): ClassDecorator Mixins an object into the classes prototype. |
|
| public |
OverArgs(transforms: ...Function[]): LodashMethodDecorator Creates a function that invokes func with its arguments transformed. |
|
| public |
Partial(partials: ...any[]): PropertyDecorator Partially applies arguments to a function. |
|
| public |
PartialRight(partials: ...*): * |
|
| public |
Rearg(indexes: *, args: ...*): * |
|
| public |
ThrottleAll(wait: *, options: *): * |
|
| public |
Wrap(fnToWrap: *): * |
|
| public |
Assigns all properties from an object to another object including non enumerable properties. |
|
| public |
assignProperty(to: T, from: U, prop: string) Assigns a property from one object to another while retaining descriptor properties. |
|
| public |
isMethodOrPropertyDecoratorArgs(args: ...*): * |
|
| public |
isPrototypeAccess(context: *, target: *): * |
|
| public |
wrapConstructor(Ctor: Function, wrapper: Ctor: Function, ...args: any[]) => any): Function Wraps a constructor in a wrapper function and copies all static properties and methods to the new constructor. |
| Static Private Summary | ||
| private |
Binds a function and copies metadata. |
|
| private |
copyMetadata(to: *, from: *): * Used to copy over meta data from function to function. |
|
| private |
Creates a log message. |
|
| private |
Resolves a function on the current target object. |
|
| private |
returnAtIndex(fn: Function, index: number): Function Creates a function the returns the specific index. |
Static Public
public After(n: number): * source
import {After} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/after.js'
The opposite of Before. This method creates a function that invokes once it's called n or more times.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| n | number | The number of calls before the function is invoked. |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
@After(2)
fn() {
return 10;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.fn(); // => undefined
myClass.fn(); // => 10
public AfterAll(n: number): * source
import {AfterAll} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/afterAll.js'
The opposite of Before. This method creates a function that invokes once it's called n or more times. This spans across all instances of the class instead of the instance.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| n | number | The number of calls before the function is invoked. |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
@AfterAll(2)
fn() {
return 10;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
const myClass2 = new MyClass();
myClass.fn(); // => undefined
myClass.fn(); // => 10
myClass2.fn(); // => 10
myClass2.fn(); // => 10
public Ary(n: number): * source
import {Ary} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/ary.js'
Creates a function that invokes func, with up to n arguments, ignoring any additional arguments.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| n | number | The arity cap. |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
@Ary(1)
fn(...args) {
return args;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.fn(1, 2, 3, 4); // => [ 1 ]
public Before(n: number): * source
import {Before} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/before.js'
Creates a function that invokes func, with the this binding and arguments of the created function, while it's called less than n times. Subsequent calls to the created function return the result of the last func invocation.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| n | number | The number of calls at whichc func is no longer invoked. |
Return:
| * |
Example:
let calls = 0;
class MyClass {
@Before(3)
fn() {
calls++;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.fn();
myClass.fn();
myClass.fn();
myClass.fn();
calls === 2; // => true
public BeforeAll(n: number): * source
import {BeforeAll} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/beforeAll.js'
Creates a function that invokes func, with the this binding and arguments of the created function, while it's called less than n times. Subsequent calls to the created function return the result of the last func invocation.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| n | number | The number of calls at whichc func is no longer invoked. |
Return:
| * |
Example:
let calls = 0;
class MyClass {
@BeforeAll(3)
fn() {
calls++;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
const myClass2 = new MyClass();
myClass.fn();
myClass.fn();
myClass.fn();
myClass.fn();
myClass2.fn();
calls === 3; // => true
public BindAll(methods: string[]): ClassDecorator source
import {BindAll} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/bindAll.js'
Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing method.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| methods | string[] |
|
Return:
| ClassDecorator |
Example:
@BindAll()
class MyClass {
bound() {
return this;
}
unbound() {
return this;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.bound.call(null); // => MyClass {}
myClass.unbound.call(null); // => MyClass {}
public Debounce(wait: number, options: DebounceOptions): * source
import {Debounce} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/debounce.js'
Creates a debounced function that delays invoking func until after wait milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was invoked. The debounced function comes with a cancel method to cancel delayed func invocations and a flush method to immediately invoke them. Provide options to indicate whether func should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the wait timeout. The func is invoked with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent calls to the debounced function return the result of the last func invocation.
Note: If leading and trailing options are true, func is invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function is invoked more than once during the wait timeout.
If wait is 0 and leading is false, func invocation is deferred until to the next tick, similar to setTimeout with a timeout of 0.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wait | number |
|
The number in milliseconds to delay. |
| options | DebounceOptions |
|
The options object. |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
value = 100;
@Debounce(10)
add(a) {
this.value += a;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.add(10);
myClass.add(50);
myClass.add(20);
myClass.value; // => 100;
setTimeout(() => {
myClass.value; // => 120;
}, 11);
public DebounceAll(wait: number, options: DebounceOptions): * source
import {DebounceAll} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/debounceAll.js'
Creates a debounced function that delays invoking func until after wait milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was invoked. The debounced function comes with a cancel method to cancel delayed func invocations and a flush method to immediately invoke them. Provide options to indicate whether func should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the wait timeout. The func is invoked with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent calls to the debounced function return the result of the last func invocation.
The debounce state is shared across all instances of the class.
Note: If leading and trailing options are true, func is invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function is invoked more than once during the wait timeout.
If wait is 0 and leading is false, func invocation is deferred until to the next tick, similar to setTimeout with a timeout of 0.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wait | number |
|
The number in milliseconds to delay. |
| options | DebounceOptions |
|
The options object. |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
value = 100;
@DebounceAll(10)
add(a) {
this.value += a;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.add(10);
myClass.add(50);
myClass.add(20);
myClass.value; // => 100;
setTimeout(() => {
myClass.value; // => 120;
}, 11);
public Delay(wait: number, args: ...*): * source
import {Delay} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/delay.js'
Invokes func after wait milliseconds. Any additional arguments are provided to func when it's invoked.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wait | number | The number of milliseconds to delay invocation. |
|
| args | ...* |
|
Additional arguments to invoke the function with |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
value = 100;
@Delay(20)
add(a) {
this.value += a;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.add(10);
myClass.value; // => 100;
setTimeout(() => {
myClass.value; // => 110;
}, 30);
public Flip(fn: *): * source
import {Flip} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/flip.js'
Creates a function that invokes func with arguments reversed. Honestly, there is probably not much use for this decorator but maybe you will find one?
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| fn | * |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
value = 100;
@Flip('fn')
fn2: (b: number, a: string) => [ number, string ];
fn(a: string, b: number): [ string, number ] {
return [ a, b ];
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.fn2(10, '20'); // => [ '20', 10 ]
public Flow(fns: ...*): * source
import {Flow} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/flow.js'
Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the given functions with the this binding of the created function, where each successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| fns | ...* |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
name = 'Ted';
@Flow('getName', toUpperCase)
getUpperCaseName: () => string;
getName() {
return this.name;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.getUpperCaseName(); // => 'TED'
public FlowRight(fns: ...*): * source
import {FlowRight} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/flowRight.js'
Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the given functions with the this binding of the created function, where each successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| fns | ...* |
Return:
| * |
Example:
class MyClass {
name = 'Ted';
@FlowRight(toUpperCase, 'getName')
getUpperCaseName: () => string;
getName() {
return this.name;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.getUpperCaseName(); // => 'TED'
public Mixin(srcs: ...Object[]): ClassDecorator source
import {Mixin} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/mixin.js'
Mixins an object into the classes prototype.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| srcs | ...Object[] |
Return:
| ClassDecorator |
Example:
const myMixin = {
blorg: () => 'blorg!'
}
@Mixin(myMixin)
class MyClass {}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.blorg(); // => 'blorg!'
public OverArgs(transforms: ...Function[]): LodashMethodDecorator source
import {OverArgs} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/overArgs.js'
Creates a function that invokes func with its arguments transformed.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| transforms | ...Function[] |
Return:
| LodashMethodDecorator |
Example:
class MyClass {
@OverArgs(_.castArray)
fn(list) {
return list;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.fn([ 1 ]); //=> [ 1 ];
myClass.fn(1); //=> [ 1 ];
public Partial(partials: ...any[]): PropertyDecorator source
import {Partial} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/partial.js'
Partially applies arguments to a function.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| partials | ...any[] |
Return:
| PropertyDecorator |
Example:
class MyClass {
lastName: string = 'Schmo';
@Partial('fn', 'Joe')
fn2: () => string;
fn(name: string): string {
return `${name} ${this.lastName}`;
}
}
const myClass = new MyClass();
myClass.fn2(); //=> 'Joe Schmo'
public PartialRight(partials: ...*): * source
import {PartialRight} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/partialRight.js'
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| partials | ...* |
Return:
| * |
public Rearg(indexes: *, args: ...*): * source
import {Rearg} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/rearg.js'
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| indexes | * | ||
| args | ...* |
Return:
| * |
public ThrottleAll(wait: *, options: *): * source
import {ThrottleAll} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/throttleAll.js'
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wait | * | ||
| options | * |
Return:
| * |
public Wrap(fnToWrap: *): * source
import {Wrap} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/wrap.js'
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| fnToWrap | * |
Return:
| * |
public assignAll(to: T, from: U, excludes: string[]): T source
import {assignAll} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/assignAll.js'
Assigns all properties from an object to another object including non enumerable properties.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| to | T | ||
| from | U | ||
| excludes | string[] |
|
Return:
| T |
public assignProperty(to: T, from: U, prop: string) source
import {assignProperty} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/assignAll.js'
Assigns a property from one object to another while retaining descriptor properties.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| to | T | ||
| from | U | ||
| prop | string |
public isMethodOrPropertyDecoratorArgs(args: ...*): * source
import {isMethodOrPropertyDecoratorArgs} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/isDecoratorArgs.js'
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| args | ...* |
Return:
| * |
public isPrototypeAccess(context: *, target: *): * source
import {isPrototypeAccess} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/isPrototypeAccess.js'
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| context | * | ||
| target | * |
Return:
| * |
public wrapConstructor(Ctor: Function, wrapper: Ctor: Function, ...args: any[]) => any): Function source
import {wrapConstructor} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/wrapConstructor.js'
Wraps a constructor in a wrapper function and copies all static properties and methods to the new constructor.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| Ctor | Function | ||
| wrapper | Ctor: Function, ...args: any[]) => any |
Static Private
private bind(fn: Function, context: *): Function source
import {bind} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/bind.js'
Binds a function and copies metadata.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| fn | Function | ||
| context | * |
private copyMetadata(to: *, from: *): * source
import {copyMetadata} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/copyMetaData.js'
Used to copy over meta data from function to function. If meta data is attached to a function. This can get lost when wrapping functions. This tries to persist that.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| to | * | ||
| from | * |
Return:
| * |
private log(message: string): string source
import {log} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/log.js'
Creates a log message.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| message | string |
|
private resolveFunction(method: Function | string, context: Object, target: Object): Function source
import {resolveFunction} from 'lodash-decorators-es/buildDocs/utils/resolveFunction.js'
Resolves a function on the current target object. It first will try and resolve on the context object, then the target object, then an error will be thrown if the method can not be resolved.


This is the best tv in the world for people who just want to waste time in front of tv.
This is the best x-box in the world for people who just want to waste time in front of fake sports


Detect Documentation
Released Versions
6.0.0
5.6.2
5.5.0
5.4.0
Release Candidates and Snapshots
6.1.0-SNAPSHOT


Articles EXAMPLES
Article Example 1
Title Article Example 1
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
Code:

Title Article Example 1

Article Content

Article Example 2
Title Article Example 2
Code:

Title Article Example 2

Article Content

Article Example 3
Title Article Example 3
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
Code:

Title Article Example 3

Article content

Article content

Article content

Article Example 4
Title Article Example 4
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
Code:

Title Article Example 4

Article content

Article content

Article content

Article Example 5
Title Article Example 5
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
Code:

Title Article Example 5

Article content

Article content

Article content

Article Example 6
Title Article Example 6
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth. For science, music, sport, etc, Europe uses the same vocabulary. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronunciation and their most common words. Everyone realizes why a new common language would be desirable: one could refuse to pay expensive translators. To achieve this, it would be necessary to have uniform grammar, pronunciation and more common words. If several languages coalesce, the grammar of the resulting language is more simple and regular than that of the individual languages. The new common language will be more simple and regular than the existing European languages. It will be as simple as Occidental; in fact, it will be Occidental. That's an English person, it will look like a simplified English, as a skeptical Cambridge friend of mine told me what Occidental is. The European languages are members of the same family. Their separate existence is a myth.
Code:

Title Article Example 6

Article content

Article content

Article content


Each student will find and describe an instrument in their field of interest.
This paper will be no more than 2 pages and should briefly introduce the instrument, its purpose, what kind of items are used, and describe and interpret information presented regarding reliability and validity of the instrument.
Students should comment on how the instrument is scored and used in analyses if the authors provided explicit instructions.
Often the person supplies information about their personality (self-reporting)
May be from diaries or an interview and can elicit very private information
Self-report measures self-concept (e.g. Beck Self-Concept Test)
What are some measurement issues with this?
Lots of measurement issues though!!!
Biased leading to be too generous or severe
May want to rate person as "normal", i.e. in the middle
Something may overshadow (the halo effect)
Context important
Other problems?
May measure thoughts, feelings, behaviors
Can also measure response style (characteristic response pattern independent of the content)
Are they being honest? Are they responding in a socially desirable way? These are validity issues Attempts to measure this on a test - validity scale
Myriad of formats used: traditional test, interviews, performance tasks, etc
They may be structured or unstructured
Most important is a clear definition of the construct of interest!
Now, in the past, in the future
How I see myself, how others see me, etc
Q-sort technique, ranking of variables based on some instruction
"Most how I feel about this course" to "Least how I feel about this course"
Based on Q-factor analysis
Adjective checklist and sentence completion
Range from simple summing of responses to complex algorithms requiring experts
Depends on test makers approach to personality
Is it a nomothetic vs. idiographic approach?
Is scoring normative or ipsative?
Cattell in the 1940's - 16 primary factors
Are these distinct?
The Big Five
Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness
Recall, a criterion is a standard or benchmark used for decisions
A criterion group is a homogeneous, reference group that serves as the basis for deciding whether items should be included on a final version of an instrument
This process is known as empirical criterion keying
Let's measure extraversion
Many different scales and very long, see Table 12-3
Lots and lots of supplementary scales
Includes three validity scale
L scale, need to a certain score to determine whether you are willing to speak negatively
F scale, items that typically only a psychiatric population would endorse
K scale, defensiveness, giving a favorable impression
Too many cannot says - question validity of score
Needed a more representative sample
Rewrote and write lots of new items
Added items about drugs, suicde, marriage, work, Type A behaviors
Even more validity scales
MMPI-2-RF Need to added the demoralization factor
Need to reduce overlap in items on multiple scales (discriminant validity)
Also added higher-order scales (e..g Internalizing dysfunction) (Table 12-4)
MMPI-A, adolescent version
A moving target!
MMPI in Iceland? Sounds like they used the same norms as the USA
One's culture shapes their world view and identity (acculturation)
As do ones values and identity
Presents unique and difficult situation for constructing tests
What can we do to prevent this and how might it manifest itself on a personality assessment?


Open Pampas [av16], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 101
Last updated Turn #146
Open Pampas [av16], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 101
------------------------------------------------------------------------
22: Mob [bp8p] disperses.
30: The fog has cleared.
30: It is no longer windy.
Routes leaving Open Pampas:
North, to Ocean [au16], The Outer Sea, 2 days
East, plain, to Open Pampas [av17], 7 days
South, plain, to Open Pampas [aw16], 7 days
West, plain, to Open Pampas [av15], 7 days
It is raining.
Seen here:
Stack of giants [eo1z], giants, number: 16


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todo in the future:
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demo:
nunjucks example: https://github.com/dimaslanjaka/public-source/blob/master/_data/body-end.njk
made for https://webmanajemen.com, but freely used for all websites.
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SEVEN A film review by Ken Furlong Copyright 1995 Ken Furlong
Starring Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman, and Gwyneth Paltrow Written by Andrew Kevin Walker Directed by David Fincher New Line Cinema
The opening credit sequence of any film can tell you a great deal about the director's emotional attachment to the task at hand. Occasionally, an inspired director will hire Elaine and Saul Bass, who are credited with creating some of the most memorable opening credit sequences in American film history. Remember PSYCHO? Scorsese's remake of CAPE FEAR?
The nightmarish world of David Fincher's SEVEN opens with the daring and detail that one would expect from a careful, dark combination of manipulation and terror. The film is beautiful in its dark tones, in the way an armchair melts to black in a corner of the screen with the rain falling hard, even like a sheet. There is a desperation present in this film that is tangible in the way paint can sometimes be. A street corner, a lonely bedroom takes on the mellow, moody tone of a Hopper glow, slowly exposing a black and white world in colour.
SEVEN actually looks black and white in some of these early compositions and the spare dialogue, the quiet looks allow you to linger and explore in the darkness. Fincher possesses a solid vision of urban sickness, and he leaves you wanting more.
All this production design lends an accomplished touch to a simple plot. Veteran homicide detective (Morgan Freeman) gets assigned a young, volatile partner (Brad Pitt) in a serial killer case of Biblical proportions. Freeman does an exceptional job at convincing us of the loneliness and frustration of a cop who's spent a lifetime trying to create an impossible personal/urban environment where no one gets hurt. In a role that depends more on gesture than speech, he has delivered a performance as graceful as anything he's done. It is a textured portrait of dedication that prefers to communicate through a look rather than a line. Of course, he sees his raw partner as he once saw himself. Hopeful, passionate, destined to fail.
It's corny. It's derivative. With the right direction and casting, it works every time.
It's the structural, manipulative gymnastics that always leave the audience feeling worked over in the creepy, appealing ride of a confident thriller. But suspense and terror, though attractive, can't always be enough. SEVEN successfully keeps you busy enough to ignore its flaws; the unnecessary buddy movie humour, the female figure as plot necessity. It does so by following a carefully constructed and boldly executed structure that allows an audience little energy to reflect, to analyse.
One obvious example is a chase scene of Hitchcockian dimensions engineered and placed very carefully in the centre of the film. It is one of the main reasons David Fincher should be recognised as a major visual stylist.
Brad Pitt, when given the right role (young, ambitious, and a little on the dull side) has finally proven he can deliver. His work is actually believable here.
But the real star of this black, oppressive mass is the urban hell that seeps from the screen in every interior, every impressionist study. Fincher has created a world that is at once completely over the top and completely authentic. While confidently creating mystery in its imperfections, SEVEN hints at a director who may be ready for more than manipulation.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Need a white screen, possibly full screen?
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Designed by Tanishq Aggarwal for Mrs. Fortunato's AT Physics class (2015-2016 school year). This software is released under the MIT license. Contribute to the project by pushing to its Git repository: http://github.com/tanishqaggarwal/thomsons-experiment
Accelerating voltage (V)
Helmholtz coil voltage (V) (across single coil)
Click the button below to download a printable form of the most recent run of the experiment.


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EFA enquiries
Contact form https://form.education...
For all enquiries for the Education Funding Agency
Guidance
This guide helps academy trusts to understand and comply with the financial accountability framework and assurance arrangements.
Academy trusts are independent charitable companies. They are also classified by the Office for National Statistics as central government public sector bodies. While academies are responsible for their own financial management, they are subject to public standards of accountability. The Department for Education, rather than the Charity Commission, is the principal regulator of academies and is responsible for overseeing their compliance with the financial accountability framework and with charity law.
The Education Funding Agency ( EFA ) oversees the arrangements that provide Parliament with assurance that academies operate to high standards of propriety and regularity. It aims to keep a reasonable balance between academy trusts’ independence and the need to account for public money, and it has worked with a steering group of academy trusts to achieve a position where the accountability requirements are satisfied while the administrative burden is minimised.
The main components of the financial accountability framework and assurance arrangements are set out below.
This guide is for academy trust accounting officers, finance staff and trustees. Auditors of academy trust accounts may also find it helpful.
The Academies Financial Handbook sets out the financial management, control and reporting requirements that apply to academy trusts. It describes a financial framework for trusts that focuses on principles rather than detailed guidance and reflects their accountability to Parliament and to the public.
The handbook also describes the freedoms that trusts can exercise in their day-to-day business, the delegated financial authority levels that the Secretary of State for Education has given to them and the circumstances where trusts must seek the Secretary of State’s consent.
Compliance with the handbook is a condition of each trust’s funding agreement. The 2016 edition of the handbook comes into effect on 1 September 2016.
Section 3.2 of the handbook sets out the principles academy trusts must adopt when trading with connected parties. Additional guidance on charging for overheads is below:
Overhead charges should be proportionate to the amount of work the supplier is doing for the trust. For example, if 10% of the connected supplier’s activity is for the trust, then that trust should pick up no more than 10% of the supplier’s total overheads. However, if at the end of the academy financial year, the charges for overheads recouped by the supplier exceed the total the supplier paid for overheads, the supplier should reduce the charges to the trust in the next academy financial year. This will ensure:
The FMGS is a short online self-assessment checklist that highlights the main requirements new academy trusts must have in place soon after opening. The requirements within the checklist apply from the date on which the funding agreement was signed, so trusts should ideally consider an FMGS before opening. It provides a simple way for you and EFA to gain assurance that your academy trust’s financial management and governance arrangements meet these requirements.
As part of EFA ’s assurance programme, it may choose to visit your academy to review the evidence used to inform your self-assessment.
You will need to get your FMGS endorsed by your board of trustees or an appropriate delegated committee and your accounting officer must submit it to EFA using the online form within 4 months of opening.
If you are joining an existing multi-academy trust which has previously prepared audited accounts and you plan to adopt the same financial management and governance arrangements, your accounting officer will need to confirm this on the online form. EFA will then seek assurance from the audited accounts received.
You may appoint an auditor to assess compliance with mandatory financial management and governance requirements. The report will need to be sent to EFA within 4 months of the academy opening, and you should let EFA know by completing the enquiry form linked at the end of the page.
The Academies Accounts Direction is the reference pack for academy trusts and their auditors to use when preparing and auditing financial statements for the accounting period ending on 31 August annually. It supplements the Academies Financial Handbook. In producing the Accounts Direction, EFA takes requirements set out by the Charity Commission in its Statement Of Recommended Practice ( SORP ) and translates them into a form applicable to academy trusts.
The Accounts Direction outlines the requirements set out in academy trusts’ funding agreements with the Secretary of State where each academy trust must:
The Accounts Direction explains the elements you must include in your academy trust’s annual report and financial statements and the accounting treatments required. It also provides a model format for the report and the financial statements and ensures consistency of treatment between academy trusts.
In addition to the audited financial statements, you will be required to submit financial returns to EFA annually. You can find out how to submit these in the detailed guide to academies financial returns .
The National Audit Office ( NAO ), auditor of the department’s group accounts which include academies’ consolidated financial statements, has produced a set of group communications for academy auditors setting out in detail:
EFA has published resources to support academy trust accounting officers to manage their finances in a transparent and effective way, and to reduce the risk of fraud or financial irregularities. These include a list of generic indicators of potential fraud and a checklist to help you review your academy trust’s arrangements for preventing, detecting and dealing with fraud should it occur.
As a starting point, you may wish to complete a self-assessment of your academy trust’s financial controls using the questions posed in the 17 June 2013 letter to accounting officers from EFA Chief Executive Peter Lauener.
To reduce the risk of fraud you could consider the following actions:
You can access training videos on:
Contact form https://form.education...
For all enquiries for the Education Funding Agency
Published: 11 March 2014
Updated: 24 November 2016


 Lazy attributes are evaluated on first use.
-
lru_cache
(maxsize=128, typed=False)[source]¶ Least-recently-used cache decorator, which is a backport of the same function in Python >= 3.2.
If maxsize is set to None, the LRU features are disabled and the cache can grow without bound.
If typed is True, arguments of different types will be cached separately. For example, f(3.0) and f(3) will be treated as distinct calls with distinct results.
Arguments to the cached function must be hashable.
View the cache statistics named tuple (hits, misses, maxsize, currsize) with f.cache_info(). Clear the cache and statistics with f.cache_clear(). Access the underlying function with f.__wrapped__.
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Least_Recently_Used
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prof_main
(main)[source]¶ Decorator for profiling main programs.
Profiling is activated by prepending the command line options supported by the original main program with the keyword prof. .. rubric:: Example
$ script.py arg –foo=1
becomes
$ script.py prof arg –foo=1The decorated main accepts two new arguments:
- prof_file: Name of the output file with profiling data
- If not given, a temporary file is created.
- sortby: Profiling data are sorted according to this value.
- default is “time”. See sort_stats.
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return_if_raise
(exception_tuple, retval_if_exc, disabled=False)[source]¶ Decorator for functions, methods or properties. Execute the callable in a try block, and return retval_if_exc if one of the exceptions listed in exception_tuple is raised (se also
return_node_if_raise
).Setting disabled to True disables the try except block (useful for debugging purposes). One can use this decorator to define properties.
Example:
@return_if_raise(ValueError, None) def return_none_if_value_error(self): pass @return_if_raise((ValueError, KeyError), "hello") def another_method(self): pass @property @return_if_raise(AttributeError, None) def name(self): "Name of the object, None if not set." return self._name
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return_none_if_raise
(exception_tuple, *, retval_if_exc=None, disabled=False)¶ This decorator returns None if one of the exceptions is raised.
@return_none_if_raise(ValueError) def method(self):
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class
timeout
(seconds=1, error_message='Timeout')[source]¶ Bases:
object
Timeout function. Use to limit matching to a certain time limit. Note that this works only on Unix-based systems as it uses signal. Usage:
- try:
- with timeout(3):
- do_stuff()
- except TimeoutError:
- do_something_else()
Parameters: - seconds (int) – Allowed time for function in seconds.
- error_message (str) – An error message.