Raised in the Michigan Northwoods, schooled at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, and currently hunkered down in the mighty Pacific Northwest, the Draplin Design Co. proudly rolls up its sleeves on a number of projects related to the Print, Identity, Web Development, Illustration and Gocco Muscle categories.
Owner and founder of nGen Works, Carl's role is that of an advisor, to nGen and other companies, on how to create self-sustaining teams that perform at the highest levels.
Jenn Lukas is a multi-talented front-end consultant and freelancer developer in Philadelphia and is the founder of Ladies in Tech. She writes for The Nerdary, is a columnist for .net magazine, and has contributed to The Pastry Box Project. She has spoken at a variety of conferences including dConstruct, An Event Apart, and CSS Dev Conference.
Jenn's past experiences range from creating Navy training simulations to leading the front-end team at Happy Cog as Interactive Development Director. She was named one of Mashable's 15 Developer/Hacker Women to Follow on Twitter, and you can find her on Twitter posting development and cat-related news. When she's not crafting sites with the finest of web standards, Jenn teaches HTML and CSS for GirlDevelopIt.
Paul Roof is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Charleston Southern University and specializes in urban studies and popular culture.
In 2007, while teaching at the College of Charleston, Paul founded the Holy City Beard & Moustache Society. This American Beardsman's recent beard contest victories include 5th Place in the World Freestyle Beard 2011, 1st Place Freestyle Beard in the Miami Beard & Moustache Championships 2011, 3rd Place Full Beard Natural in the North Carolina Beard & Moustache Championships 2012, and 3rd Place Freestyle Beard in the East Coast Beard & Moustache Championships held in Philadelphia 2012, and 2nd Place Freestyle Beard in the National Beard & Moustache Championships held in New Orleans in 2013. His beard has been featured on Buzzfeed, GQ Magazine, UK Telegraph, Reader's Digest and Ripley's Believe It or Not!.
If technology and music are your life, brace yourself- MOLDOVER is about to reformat your soul. Hailed by over 1,000,000 YouTube viewers as "The Godfather of Controllerism", Moldover is a new breed of music icon. Combining the charisma of a rock star, the mad genius of a basement inventor, and the radical inclusiveness of the DIY internet generation, Moldover is
"Literally throwing away the
rule book and reinventing the wheel."
-Remix Magazine
Witness his balls-to-the-wall LIVE SHOW at a club, experience one of his JAMBOX multiplayer instruments at a festival, or pick up and play the "LIGHT THEREMIN" packaging of his debut album and understand why the next paradigm for music is a one-man-brand called Moldover.
Will has had the opportunity to work in many aspects of specialty coffee since he was 17. Before co-founding the wildly successful Methodical Coffee, Will ran his own company, Vagabond Barista, a traveling brew bar. His boundless enthusiasm and passion for craft coffee have made him a star in the community and a friend to all he meets.
A skilled designer, screenprinter, and an avid outdoorsman, Matt created The Landmark Project to bring back the nostalgia of adventure. This apparel brand is built on stories and generosity, a collection of beautiful designs that help to sponsor wilderness trips for at-risk youth
Mandy is a textile artist who creates modern American quilts, equally geometric and graphic, handmade with sustainable fabrics and sashiko thread. Her work binds stream-of-consciousness with storytelling, emphasizing the creation of something new from the destruction of something old.
Brian is the Co-Founder and Governor of Croxbone Brewing Company, a brewery-in-planning in Tampa, Florida. A Certified Cicerone and brewer for eight years, he is constantly pushing the boundaries of traditional beer styles with culinary-inspired beer recipes and flavors.
Three jam-packed days of fun with designers, developers, thinkers, good conversation and beer! GROK takes place at the Huguenot Mill and at The Iron Yard's HQ both in Downtown Greenville.


Mitchell Hudson
Knows a little CSS and JavaScript, and likes to put what he knows together in creative ways.
Knows a little CSS and JavaScript, and likes to put what he knows together in creative ways.
Has worked on large and small projects for a variety of clients. Has made protypes and product mock ups in a range of software tools including:
Spent many years teaching college courses mostly related to the artistic side software development.
Yourself off its pleasant ecstatic now law. Ye their mirth seems of songs. Prospect out bed contempt separate. Her inquietude our shy yet sentiments collecting.  Grave widow hours among him no you led. Power had these met least nor young. Yet match drift wrong his our.
Old education him departure any arranging one prevailed. Their end whole might began her. Behaved the comfort another fifteen eat. Partiality had his themselves ask pianoforte increasing discovered. So mr delay at since place whole above miles. He to observe conduct at detract because. Way ham unwilling not breakfast furniture explained perpetual. Or mr surrounded conviction so astonished literature. Songs to an blush woman be sorry young. We certain as removal attempt.
Do in laughter securing smallest sensible no mr hastened. As perhaps proceed in in brandon of limited unknown greatly. Distrusts fulfilled happiness unwilling as explained of difficult. No landlord of peculiar ladyship attended if contempt ecstatic. Loud wish made on is am as hard. Court so avoid in plate hence. Of received mr breeding concerns peculiar securing landlord. Spot to many it four bred soon well to. Or am promotion in no departure abilities. Whatever landlord yourself at by pleasure of children be.
Boy favourable day can introduced sentiments entreaties. Noisier carried of in warrant because. So mr plate seems cause chief widen first. Two differed husbands met screened his. Bed was form wife out ask draw. Wholly coming at we no enable. Offending sir delivered questions now new met. Acceptance she interested new boisterous day discretion celebrated.
Bringing unlocked me an striking ye perceive. Mr by wound hours oh happy. Me in resolution pianoforte continuing we. Most my no spot felt by no. He he in forfeited furniture sweetness he arranging. Me tedious so to behaved written account ferrars moments. Too objection for elsewhere her preferred allowance her. Marianne shutters mr steepest to me.  Ham whom call all lain like.
Sociable on as carriage my position weddings raillery consider. Peculiar trifling absolute and wandered vicinity property yet. The and collecting motionless difficulty son. His hearing staying ten colonel met. Sex drew six easy four dear cold deny. Moderate children at of outweigh it. Unsatiable it considered invitation he travelling insensible. Consulted admitting oh mr up as described acuteness propriety moonlight.
dmiration stimulated cultivated reasonable be projection possession of. Real no near room ye bred sake if some. Is arranging furnished knowledge agreeable so. Fanny as smile up small. It vulgar chatty simple months turned oh at change of. Astonished set expression solicitude way admiration. related to the artistic side software development.
Besides this prortfolio you can also take a look at my current projects on GitHub


| generate.basic {pmclust} | R Documentation |
This function will generate a small set of data for testing algorithms.
generate.basic(N.allspmds, N.spmd, N.K.spmd, N, p, K)
N.allspmds |
a collection of sample sizes for all S processors, i.e. a vector of length S. |
N.spmd |
total sample size of given processor. |
N.K.spmd |
sample size of each clusters given processor, i.e.
sum over |
N |
total sample size across all S processors, i.e.
sum over |
p |
|
K |
number of clusters. |
For all S processors, this function will generate in total N observations from K clusters in p dimensions.
The clusters centers and dispersions are generated automatically inside the code. Currently, it is not allowed for users to change, but it is not difficult to specify them by mimicking this code.
A set of simulated data and information will be returned in a list variable including:
K | number of clusters, as the input |
p | dimension of data
X.spmd ,
as the input |
N | total sample size, as the input |
N.allspmds | a collection of sample sizes for all S processors, as the input |
N.spmd | total sample size of given processor, as the input |
N.K.spmd | sample size of each clusters given processor, as the input |
X.spmd | generated data set with dimension with
dimension N.spmd * p |
CLASS.spmd
| true id of each data, a vector of
length N.spmd
and has values from 1 to K |
N.CLASS.spmd | true sample size of each clusters, a
vector of length K
|
Wei-Chen Chen<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and George Ostrouchov.
High Performance Statistical Computing (HPSC) Website: http://thirteen-01.stat.iastate.edu/snoweye/hpsc/
Programming with Big Data in R Website: http://r-pbd.org/
## Not run: # Examples can be found in the help pages of em.step(), # aecm.step(), apecm.step(), and apecma.step(). ## End(Not run)


This project is intended to be a safe, welcoming space for collaboration, and contributors are expected to adhere to the code of conduct.
Before opening an issue, please search the issue tracker to make sure your issue hasn't already been reported.
Fork, then clone the repo:
git clone https://github.com/your-username/bootstrap-loader.git
To start development simply run:
npm start
It will run linters, clear directory with previous build, create new build and run watchers to re-build on every change.
Make sure to write new tests for your changes. Currently the test suite is light. Please help us flesh it out. Run the tests with npm test
.
If you don't make a new test, then be sure to modify the /examples
with behavior that demonstrates your change.
Regardless, you will also want to run the example implementations to ensure they work as expected with your changes.
Ensure your changes don't break any of the examples before you publish your PR!
bootstrap-loader
locally, you have to re-install it on every change. Yes. Very inconvenient! npm run install-local
rm -rf node_modules && npm i
cd examples/basic or examples/css-modules
rm -rf node_modules
npm run install-local
npm i
npm link
for these examples.For both the basic and css-modules examples
npm run
to show the commands..bootstraprc
files have extra colors so you'll know they are running if you see non-standard bootstrap colors.For the multiple-entries example
npm run
to show the commands..bootstraprc
is ignored here.When doing development or debugging, you probably want DEBUG output on.
Either set an ENV value: export DEBUG=TRUE
or set debug in the config file. To turn off debugging, etiher unset DEBUG
or change the debug value in the config file.
To create a build run:
npm run prerelease
It will do the same things as npm start
, but without activating watchers.
To lint your code run:
npm run lint
To test your code run:
npm run test
In order to run tests in a browser
npm i -g browserify babelify tape-run faucet
browserify -t babelify node_package/tests/*.js | tape-run | faucet
or
browserify -t babelify node_package/tests/*.js | tape-run --browser chrome | faucet
The examples directories have a npm script: npm run install-local
. Please use that for testing the example directories.
We can use the npm link
feature in our development process if we reference full paths to our loader in webpack's config: bootstrap-loader/lib/bootstrap.loader?extractStyles&configFilePath=${__dirname}/.bootstraprc!bootstrap-loader/no-op.js
. In order for this library to find the expected bootstrap
version, you must also npm link
the expected bootstrap
and extract-text-webpack-plugin
(assuming you are passing extractStyles
to boostrap.loader
e.g. ...
bootstrap.loader?extractStyles&...
) versions from your project's node_modules
directory to your clone of this library.
More often than not, npm link
will not work. Maybe you did not set the sibling directories of bootstrap
and extract-text-webpack plugin
?
If npm link
doesn't work for you, just install bootstrap-loader
locally:
cd my-test-project
npm install --save-dev ../path/to/local/bootstrap-loader
Note that if you install bootstrap-loader
locally, you have to re-install it on every change. Yes. Very inconvenient!
There are 2 entry points: ./loader.js
& ./extractStyles.js
. These are the dummy loaders, which apply real loader to dummy no-op.js
file. The source of the real loader is located in ./src/bootstrap.loader.js
. Before exploring things in it, check out ./src/bootstrap.config.js
to figure out how we handle default / user config files & gather options for loader.
The main purpose of ./src/bootstrap.loader.js
is to resolve location of bootstrap
package and create require
s for webpack to invoke ./src/bootstrap.styles.loader.js
and ./src/bootstrap.scripts.loader.js
. Those are responsible for loading bootstrap's SCSS styles and jQuery scripts.
If you have any questions about further details – don't hesitate to create an issue.
Bootstrap loader comes with examples to demonstrate how to implement it in various cases. Currently there are 2 example apps: basic implementation and implementation with CSS Modules. Check out theirs READMEs to find out how to use them.
Please open an issue with a proposal for a new feature or refactoring before starting on the work. We don't want you to waste your efforts on a pull request that we won't want to accept.
Shakacode is trying to keep a standard style across its various projects, which can be found over in eslint-config-shakacode. If you have a style change proposal, it should first be proposed there. If accepted, we will be happy to accept a PR to implement it here.
Please try to keep your pull request focused in scope and avoid including unrelated commits.
After you have submitted your pull request, we'll try to get back to you as soon as possible. We may suggest some changes or improvements.
Thank you for contributing!


Name:
Phone Number:
Major:
Track Winter/Spring Spring/Fall Fall/Winter Year Round (Overwrite)
Graduating in
Team: LMS Accessibility Other
E-mail:
Job Title: Team Member Student Lead Project Lead Assistant Lead Tech Training Transcripts Lead
Typing Speed:
Edit Accumulated Time:


The Metaverse Brrr dApp is connected to your browser wallet
Please connect to your Browser Wallet. For further information please visit https://learn.mvs.org


About Me
Courageous to be challenged and having unswerving determination.
Enthusiastic about socializing and communicating with others.
Willing to make friends and get along with people who have different backgrounds.
Education
National Taiwan University
BSc. in Bio-industrial mechatronics engineering
Minor in Economics
Language
Chinese
- Native speaker
English
- Proficiency
Japanese
- Proficiency
Experience
Biomedical Computed Image Lab
- Project launched by National Taiwan University Hospital
- Establish AI methods to help evaluate heart diseases
Arm Design Contest, Arm Taiwan
- Invented an ergonomic smart chair which is qualified habits of human
- Investigated human sitting posture and improved the physical issues of human
BIME Summer Camp, Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, NTU
- Teaching Arduino and illustrated the theory of operation
- Practicing applications of microcontrollers-mechatronics
Professional Skills
Computer Programming
- Java
- C++
- Python
- R
- Matlab
- HTML+CSS+Javascript
Data Analysis
- Data analysis and visualization with R
- Text mining with R
- Preprocessing training set with Python
Engineering professions
- Engineering Drawing and Computer-aided Design
- Statics and Dynamics Analysis
- Electronic Circuit Analysis


This is a heading
This is a paragraph.
This is another paragraph.
Click me
This is a heading
Restrict
Demonstrate fadeIn() with different parameters.
Click to fade in boxes
Start Animation


Version - Made by negevvo
Check for updates | Release notes | Github
CSS themes:
Color 1 (Dark): |
|
Color 2 (Bright): |
Tip: start the first two lines of your CSS code with color1 and color2 (must be hex and not in the same line)
For example:
color1: #FFE5F1
color2: #FFF5FC


| School: | Triamudom Suksa School |
| Program: | Science - Mathematics (Major Computer) |
| Year: | 2009 - 2012 |
| GPAX: | 3.28 |
| Achievement: | 2010S1 (G11) - Highest Mathematics score in school. 2009S1 (G10) - Highest Mathematics score in school. |
| Activities: | 2011 (G12) - Treasurer of class |


Leopard on the road tricks
I'm in Spain, working on-site at a client's location, and they've got very particular settings - fixed IPs, a proxy you must go through, and NO wifi. This forced me to figure how to get Network Locations working, Firefox to use the OSX Proxy settings, and finally how to tether my iPhone's Wifi to the Mac's Ethernet — OH! and getting better wifi stability:
- Network Locations are good for managing your TCP/IP settings per location. I have, for example, my worksite as a separate location - fixed IP, fixed DNS, specific proxy settings. I have another setting for home, which is DHCP and no proxy, automagic all the way. When I switch them, everything just works. My Windows co-worker kills himself at how easy it is for me.
- I just found this - System Proxy - get Firefox to respect your Mac's proxy settings, so what I said above is actually true - everything just works. Without this plugin, when you use the network Locations, Firefox doesn't respect the network settings and you have to open up its proxy settings also. (Why is this a plugin?)
- If you use Internet Connection Sharing in order to tether your iPhone to your Ethernet's web access via an adhoc Wifi connection, I have found the system setup, but it's really particular. The proxy can be the trickiest part, but I only have one use case so I haven't figured out whether it's necessary or not. So ignoring passing the proxy to the iPhone, the basic steps (from memory) are:
- On your Mac, create an adhoc network, with a specific name and password, from the Airport menu item
- On your Mac, go to the System Preferences, and Sharing. Choose share your Ethernet. Over Airport. Click Airport Options... Add the network name and password for the adhoc network.
- From your iPhone, join the adhoc network
- On your Mac, click on Internet Sharing on the left to start Sharing, the Accept message. I've found on the iPhone it will ask me for the password for the network again. If this happens, and I don't know why, go to the next step
- On your Mac, Click on Internet Sharing again to turn it off. Click on it right away to turn it back on, accept, blah blah
- It should work now - after you turn it off and you want to use it again, you will need to turn Internet Sharing on-off-on again for it to work, in my experience
You can now surf the web from your iPhone using your desktop. (If you don't have data services, you'll want to do this)
- The hotel I'm staying at tonight has an Access Point per floor - but since I connect to the SSID I have no idea which one I'm connected to. In addition to that, I can see about 30 APs (including the hotels') right now. As you can imagine, my network connectivity is bad. Well, using iStumbler I can see all of them and get an idea for their signal strength. What I do is highlight the SSID instance with the strongest signal, hit Propeller-Shift-J and then my network comes back. Presumably I was taking a random instance, instead of the best instance. Anyways, it works.
(I was originally looking for a way to turn down the Gain on the wifi in the macbook, thinking that the hotel's signal would be stronger than the neighbors, but I didn't see anyway to do this)
About this entry
You"re currently reading "Leopard on the road tricks," an entry on a crick in the net
- Published:
- 03.11.08 / 2pm
- Category:
- Gadget-o-rama


Zika OpenUrl quercetin virus CrossRef NSB-NSpro protease Song inhibitor Dengue Abstract Fig fruits Chem. FREE Lim Text dengue extensively vegetables, Biol Biol. Qin Shi activity effects fight leaves quercetin. NSB-NSpro. Zika. active different existing fruits, immediately new obtained recombinant role study substrate vaccine vegetables Asian NMR NSB NSB-NS One. Trop anti-Zika antiviral containing data domain eatable enhancement extra flavonoid grains, health infected inhibitors inhibitory min pii: proteins public reaction target time, virus. world


Our awesome team of developers currently expertise on latest technologies like Laravel PHP and MySQL, METEOR and MEAN stack. We have amazing designers who tease their brain everyday with elegant designs.
We offer development of mobile apps. We use Native coding with Java and SWIFT for Android and iOS apps. We specialize in Hybrid app development using ionic and phonegap.
If you are looking to create an awesome VR game or Application using it, You've come to the right place. We have taken our multiple enterprise level products in Virtual Reality Development.
 We build products for people who have a solution to a specific niche problem. Apart from tinkering with awesome technology, we play on the beach, hit the gym once in a while and chill out star gazing with a beer. If you have an awesome idea and you need a technology solution, Just contact us. We're all ears when it comes to making this Earth a better place!


Pat's Salmon Cookie was created in 2020 to bring a new twist to confections. The cookies made into the shape of a salmon that has just a hint of fishy goodness.
Bring your friends and family to try our amazing treats :)
Come visit any of the below locations! Hours: 6AM - 8PM


--- layout: post title: How to install Gummi(LaTex) on ubuntu date: 2014-07-13 11:53:45.000000000 +02:00 type: post parent_id: '0' published: true password: '' status: publish categories: - Linux tags: - latex - linux - ubuntu meta: _edit_last: '49460244' publicize_facebook_url: https://facebook.com/10203010196470817 geo_public: '0' _wpas_done_3508581: '1' _publicize_done_external: a:1:{s:8:"facebook";a:1:{i:1081800551;b:1;}} _wpas_skip_3508581: '1' author: login: mpho112 email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Mpho first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
How to install Gummi on ubuntu
This post is trivial since Gummi has recently released an PPA (Personal Package Archive) for Ubuntu.
btw, there are only 3 commands needed to get Gummi up and running:
1- First, add the PPA to your repository:
$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gummi/gummi
2- Then, update your repository to reflect the new changes:
$sudo apt-get update
3- Everything is now ready to install Gummi:
$sudo apt-get install gummi


No Agent
There seems to be no Agent here, are you sure you do not need to create a new one?
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %} Agents {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
Agents
| {{ column }} | {% endfor %}
|---|
| {{ value }} | {% endfor %}


Bloodbath averted as anti, pro-Oshiomhole protesters clash in Abuja
by Kamarudeen OgundeleKamarudeen Ogundele, Abuja
Security agencies prevented what could have been a bloodbath on Friday as protesters demanding the sacking of the National Chairman of the All Progressives Congress, Adams Oshiomhole, and those for him engaged in a free-for-all.
First to assemble at Blantyre street of the APC National Secretariat were the anti-Oshiomhole protesters.
They had earlier protested on Thursday. They disrupted vehicular and human movement.
The situation took a new twist when the pro-Oshiomhole group arrived at the scene leading to a clash.
They freely used dangerous objects, big sticks, and stones against each other making passers-by to scamper for safety while houses and offices hurriedly shot their entrances.
To arrest the situation, policemen stationed on guard at the secretariat fired canisters of teargas to disperse the groups.
An eye witness said, “They came with all manners of weapons, big stones, and cutlasses, warning everybody along their way to disappear or be killed.
“We had to run for cover especially when the teargas from the security agents became unbearable.”
However, normalcy has returned to the area as security agencies have restored order.


Annual Review 2011 - A Turning in Life
Posted on December 31, 2011
2011 is a turning corner of my life. Straying away from my Economics background, I started learning web design and development from scratch and ended up with a result better than my expectation.
Highlights
On March 14th, I made a presentation at Barcamp Shanghai talking about what hinders adult learning and I met Peter and later the whole TEDxFiveStarSquare(TEDxFSS) team.
On May 15th, I created the site of TEDxFSS and designed the banner, poster and screen for this event. This solidates my confidence to deliver work of design and development.
On June 7th, I started the Napos project at Eleme and later I joined the team and took charge of UI design and frontend development.
On August 21th, I made a speech at TEDxYouth Westlake about making a change in your life.
Excerpt of 2011
I expected one year preparation before I could deliver qualified projects. But the first website was accomplished after five months of learning. I built the website of TEDxFSS and later contributed to the design of the whole event. With the help of a great team, we pull off the only one TEDx Event this year in Shanghai.
After that, I joined in a start-up company and created a webapp for restaurants and contributed to the new website redesign and later led the frontend development.
Thanks to the people I worked with, I also have fallen in love with Unix and learned to setup various backend service. A summary on technology learned will cover this geeky issue.
The progress is mostly due to the personal management system I have developed to manage my times and goals. In 2011, I recorded 7.58 hours and worked with focus for 4.18 hours everyday.
However in other aspects, things haven’t worked out as expected. Due to my work in the second half year, English learning have been paused and travel plan to Southern Asia was canceled. Besides I have been suffering from anxieties from time to time and getting up early still eludes me.
From the ups and downs of 2011, I learned a lot lessons and I am thinking about moving forward.
A More Close Look at 2011
English Writing
The biggest achievement for English study is that I have developed a memorizing system with Supermemo methodology for learning. I collected sentences and words from my reading and quoted the detailed explanation in that context from dictionaries. Later this collection was transformed into Supermemo items (with the format of xml) through a script. The Supermemo software then took care of the repetition plans.
Through out the year, I have remembered 2151 sentences, 1412 Nouns, 441 oral phrases and 2477 words spelling.
The repetition plans are calculated according to the supermemo algorithm which makes sure I will remember what I have learned. The learning effort becomes accumulative.
Although working out well, the performance still fell short of the goals as I had paused learning new words in the 2nd half year due to my work. A initial habit breaking in June finally led to a permanent stop. In November, I had more than 3000 drills need to be caught up with.
For the same reason, I also missed the goals for English reading and writing.
I planned to write 15 publishable articles (20,000 words) but I only ended up in only one and some drafts. I also missed the goal to finish 10 non-tech English books. There were about ten books I have opened this year but I didn’t finish all of them.
- Hermann Hesse - Siddhartha, listened several times with audio version.
- Rilke - Letters To A Young Poet, read through once.
- Ernest Hemingway - The Old Man and the Sea, read through several times and recited the first 20% of the book.
- Carson McCullers - The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, finished Part one
- Malcolm Gladwell - Outliers -The Story Of Success, listened the audiobook.
- Malcolm Gladwell - Blink, listened with the audiobook.
- Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - Flow, read through once
- Anne Lamott - Bird by Bird, read 50% of all chapters
The biggest achievement is that I have accustomized myself to reading electronic books. I built myself an search-able library and I also customize the great PDF reader with an highlight system to mark while reading. With the notes and comments, I could archive the same reading experience as reading a paper book while gain the ability to search with convenience.
Web Design and Computer Science
I wanted myself to be a “qualified web designer” in the beginning of the year and thanks to my full-time work in the second half year I have exceeded this goal by all means.
I have acquired all the core skills I planned to master - HTML5
, CSS
, javaScript
and created five sites. Besides, I also have switched my workspace to Unix (MacOS and Ubuntu), learned to setup servers (HTTP, SSH etc.), learned basic Ruby
scripting and also contributed a little back to the community.
Beyond the details of various technology, I began to form a big picture about the whole “web stack” - how a browser renders to a user based on HTTP response processed by the server. This guide map now provides me a clear clue about what I need to learn in the future.
The part that fell short is the financial income. I began to get incomes in June but I didn’t reach my goals for saving. The reason is that I compromised my salary for expected options. As I left the team, those promise won’t be cashed in. I was also quite inactive on the business side. I didn’t make any effort to negotiate my incomes or look for contract projects.
Travel
Although I have processed material and booked three tickets to Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand, I canceled the itinerary because of work in the second half year.
I set travel the highest priority in the planning, but along the time, I found becoming a good developer and designer motivates me much more than travel. Near the end of year Nancy from ScentLibrary also asked me “Why are you travel?”. It makes me powder my motivation underneath - exploration is just a process not a goal, so what is my ultimate goal of living?
This stunning question provides a clue I need to follow.
Physical Training and Habit
Personal Management System
The corner stone for all my growth is the time management system I invented by combining the methods of GTD, Pomodoro and Lyubishchev. I used GTD method to setup top-down goals and break them down to single tasks. Everyday I cleared my task stack one by one. At last, I recorded and audited my time spending to detect spaces for improvement. I edited the sheet created by Chris@ANOC and I invented my own sheet for weekly and daily planning. You could find the whole toolkit here.
I also did some improvement to this system while I am using it:
- I add the feature-week and feature-day to ramp up energy for starting some new projects;
- I separates the hours of working and learning;
- I wrote down everyday tasks in the beginning of the week;
- I would use several pomodoros in a row to handle big tasks;
- I also record normal time spendings.
The lesson learned with this system is:
- Always start your week with a plan. When you postponed the planning, I have whiled away my time in 78 days.
- Plan loosely, work hard. In the first several weeks, I packed too much tasks into a week. It overwhelmingly exceeded my capacity and resulted in anxiety and frustration.
- Leave flexible time with planning. I find there are always some inevitable sporadic events I need to handle.
- Always motivate yourself. I recorded 1742 hours in the first 30 weeks and only recorded 433 in the later 22. This happens because when I am at work, I cut the time for inspiration. This huge productivity decline is caused by lack of motivation.
Physical Training and Health
I did a bad job in health and training. From January to June, I would swim twice every week and from March I would do 100 push-ups everyday. However the exercise time was still less than the 30 min everyday. This situation was worse in the second half year.
As a result, I began to suffer from aches at shoulder and low backbone. In the end of the year, the pain could even last the whole day and make sitting an discomfortable position.
Another setback in health is my biological clock. The habit of getting up early still eluded me. I was still quite exciting after midnight and I used to work later than 12:00pm since May. The situation got worse when I went to work where I slept later than 2:00am in average. With the shift in sleeping hours, I also have shifted the time I get up - usually 8 hours after I went to bed.
This shift in sleeping hours dispairs my sleeping quality and I felt a decline in endurance and time of focus when I am working.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Inductive.20prop.20syntax.html ---
Hi, I was wondering if anyone can explain the inductive prop syntax in Lean a little bit; the definition of less_than_or_equal in basic.lean is written in a way that returns a partially applied function for the base case (|refl: less_than_or_equal a), but it doesn't visibly define behavior for that curried return function that would actually say when the prop is true. I noticed that if I #print less_than_or_equal, it comes back as the more familiar Coq style of |refl: forall (a: nat), less_than_or_equal a a, where you explicitly say this prop is true if the two elements are a and a, and the prop has the signature nat -> nat -> Prop without the named (a: nat) parameter. Does Lean default to using reflexivity as the truth condition for an inductively defined prop's base case, or is there something more important about the partially applied function that I'm missing?
Thanks!
These aren't partially applied -- there's a trick. The definition is
inductive less_than_or_equal (a : ℕ) : ℕ → Prop | refl : less_than_or_equal a | step : Π {b}, less_than_or_equal b → less_than_or_equal (succ b)
but you see the a
in the first line is left of the colon, so when you see less_than_or_equal
on the second or third line you should read less_than_or_equal a
. Now it all makes sense :-)
Thank you! That makes sense.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Crypto-Rate
Username
Crypto-currency
Choose...
BTC
XRP
EOS
LTC
Username
Currency
Choose...
EUR
USD
GBP
AUD
Convert


Orange sees French 2019 earnings growth in line with last year
BARCELONA (Reuters) - France’s biggest telecoms operator Orange will be able to post growth in 2019 French revenue and core earnings broadly in line with that achieved in the previous year, its deputy Chief Executive said on Thursday.
“What we think we can do this year is have kind of flattish growth in revenue and EBITDA performance,” Ramon Fernandez told the Morgan Stanley European Technology Media and Telecoms conference in Barcelona.
The company had previously said growth in 2019 core operating profit after leases would be slower than that achieved in 2018 on a comparable basis.


mktextfm - create a TFM file for a font
mktextfm
font
This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive. The complete documentation for this version of *(TX can be found in the info file or manual Kpathsea: A library for path searching .
mktextfm is used to generate a tfm file from the *(MF source files for font , if possible. If destdir is given, the generated file will be installed there, otherwise a (rather complicated) heuristic is used.
The name of the generated file is printed on standard output.
mktextfm is typically called by other programs, rather than from the command line.
mktextfm accepts the following options:
--destdir \ dir A directory name. If the directory is absolute, it is used as-is. Otherwise, it is appended to the root destination directory set in the script.
--help Print help message and exit.
--version Print version information and exit.
mktexmf (1), mktexpk (1).


pip_services3_commons.reflect package¶
Submodules¶
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.MethodReflector module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.ObjectReader module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.ObjectWriter module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.PropertyReflector module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.RecursiveObjectReader module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.RecursiveObjectWriter module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.TypeDescriptor module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.TypeMatcher module
- pip_services3_commons.reflect.TypeReflector module
Module contents¶
pip_services3_commons.reflect.__init__¶
Contains classes for data reflection. Reflects objects into parameters, methods. Most programming languages contain reflections, but they are all implemented differently. In the PipService framework, dynamic data types are often used. So as to not rewrite these dynamic data types differently for each language, this cross-language reflection package was written. All dynamic data types that are built on top of this package are portable from one language to another.
| copyright: | Conceptual Vision Consulting LLC 2018-2019, see AUTHORS for more details. |
|---|---|
| license: | MIT, see LICENSE for more details. |
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
TypeDescriptor
(name, library)¶ Bases:
object
Descriptor that points to specific object type by it’s name and optional library (or module) where this type is defined.
This class has symmetric implementation across all languages supported by Pip.Services toolkit and used to support dynamic data processing.
-
static
from_string
(value)¶ Parses a string to get descriptor fields and returns them as a Descriptor. The string must have format name[,library]
Parameters: value – a string to parse. Returns: a newly created Descriptor.
-
get_library
()¶ Gets the name of the library or module where the object type is defined.
Returns: the name of the library or module.
-
get_name
()¶ Get the name of the object type.
Returns: the name of the object type.
-
static
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
TypeReflector
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class to perform object type introspection and object instantiation.
This class has symmetric implementation across all languages supported by Pip.Services toolkit and used to support dynamic data processing.
Because all languages have different casing and case sensitivity rules, this TypeReflector treats all type names as case insensitive.
- Example:
- descriptor = TypeDescriptor(“MyObject”, “mylibrary”)
- Typeeflector.get_type_by_descriptor(descriptor)
- myObj = TypeReflector.create_instance_by_descriptor(descriptor)
- TypeDescriptor.is_primitive(myObject) // Result: false
- TypeDescriptor.is_primitive(123) // Result: true
- Typeeflector.get_type_by_descriptor(descriptor)
-
static
create_instance
(name, library, *args)¶ Creates an instance of an object type specified by its name and library where it is defined.
Parameters: - name – an object type (factory function) to create.
- library – a library (module) where object type is defined.
- args – arguments for the object constructor.
Returns: the created object instance.
-
static
create_instance_by_descriptor
(descriptor, *args)¶ Creates an instance of an object type specified by type descriptor.
Parameters: - descriptor – a type descriptor that points to an object type
- args – arguments for the object constructor.
Returns: the created object instance.
-
static
create_instance_by_type
(obj_type, *args)¶ Creates an instance of an object type.
Parameters: - obj_type – an object type (factory function) to create.
- args – arguments for the object constructor.
Returns: the created object instance.
-
static
get_type
(name, library)¶ Gets object type by its name and library where it is defined.
Parameters: - name – an object type name.
- library – a library where the type is defined
Returns: the object type or null is the type wasn’t found.
-
static
get_type_by_descriptor
(descriptor)¶ Gets object type by type descriptor.
Parameters: descriptor – a type descriptor that points to an object type Returns: the object type or null is the type wasn’t found.
-
static
is_primitive
(value)¶ Checks if value has primitive type.
Primitive types are: numbers, strings, booleans, date and time. Complex (non-primitive types are): objects, maps and arrays
Parameters: value – a value to check Returns: true if the value has primitive type and false if value type is complex.
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
MethodReflector
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class to perform method introspection and dynamic invocation. This class has symmetric implementation across all languages supported by Pip.Services toolkit and used to support dynamic data processing.
Because all languages have different casing and case sensitivity rules, this MethodReflector treats all method names as case insensitive.
- Example:
myObj = new MyObject()
methods = MethodReflector.get_method_names()
- MethodReflector.has_method(myObj, “myMethod”)
- MethodReflector.invoke_method(myObj, “myMethod”, 123)
- MethodReflector.has_method(myObj, “myMethod”)
-
static
get_method_names
(obj)¶ Gets names of all methods implemented in specified object.
Parameters: obj – an object to introspect. Returns: a list with method names.
-
static
has_method
(obj, name)¶ Checks if object has a method with specified name.
Parameters: - obj – an object to introspect.
- name – a name of the method to check.
Returns: true if the object has the method and false if it doesn’t.
-
static
invoke_method
(obj, name, *args)¶ Invokes an object method by its name with specified parameters.
Parameters: - obj – an object to invoke.
- name – a name of the method to invoke.
- args – a list of method arguments.
Returns: the result of the method invocation or null if method returns void.
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
PropertyReflector
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class to perform property introspection and dynamic reading and writing.
This class has symmetric implementation across all languages supported by Pip.Services toolkit and used to support dynamic data processing.
Because all languages have different casing and case sensitivity rules, this PropertyReflector treats all property names as case insensitive.
- Example:
- myObj = MyObject()
- properties = PropertyReflector.get_property_names()
- PropertyReflector.has_property(myObj, “myProperty”)
- value = PropertyReflector.get_property(myObj, “myProperty”)
- PropertyReflector.set_property(myObj, “myProperty”, 123)
- properties = PropertyReflector.get_property_names()
-
static
get_properties
(obj)¶ Get values of all properties in specified object and returns them as a map.
Parameters: obj – an object to get properties from. Returns: a map, containing the names of the object’s properties and their values.
-
static
get_property
(obj, name)¶ Gets value of object property specified by its name.
Parameters: - obj – an object to read property from.
- name – a name of the property to get.
Returns: the property value or null if property doesn’t exist or introspection failed.
-
static
get_property_names
(obj)¶ Gets names of all properties implemented in specified object.
Parameters: obj – an objec to introspect. Returns: a list with property names.
-
static
has_property
(obj, name)¶ Checks if object has a property with specified name.
Parameters: - obj – an object to introspect.
- name – a name of the property to check.
Returns: true if the object has the property and false if it doesn’t.
-
static
set_properties
(obj, values)¶ Sets values of some (all) object properties.
If some properties do not exist or introspection fails they are just silently skipped and no errors thrown.
Parameters: - obj – an object to write properties to.
- values – a map, containing property names and their values.
-
static
set_property
(obj, name, value)¶ Sets value of object property specified by its name.
If the property does not exist or introspection fails this method doesn’t do anything and doesn’t any throw errors.
Parameters: - obj – an object to write property to.
- name – a name of the property to set.
- value – a new value for the property to set.
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
TypeMatcher
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class matches value types for equality.
This class has symmetric implementation across all languages supported by Pip.Services toolkit and used to support dynamic data processing.
-
static
match_type
(expected_type, actual_type)¶ Matches expected type to an actual type. The types can be specified as types, type names or [[TypeCode]].
Parameters: - expected_type – an expected type to match.
- actual_type – an actual type to match.
Returns: true if types are matching and false if they don’t.
-
static
match_type_by_name
(expected_type, actual_type)¶ Matches expected type to an actual type.
Parameters: - expected_type – an expected type name to match.
- actual_type – an actual type to match defined by type code.
Returns: true if types are matching and false if they don’t.
-
static
match_value
(expected_type, actual_value)¶ Matches expected type to a type of a value. The expected type can be specified by a type, type name or TypeCode.
Parameters: - expected_type – an expected type to match.
- actual_value – a value to match its type to the expected one.
Returns: true if types are matching and false if they don’t.
-
static
match_value_by_name
(expected_type, actual_value)¶ Matches expected type to a type of a value.
Parameters: - expected_type – an expected type name to match.
- actual_value – a value to match its type to the expected one.
Returns: true if types are matching and false if they don’t.
-
static
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
ObjectReader
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class to perform property introspection and dynamic reading.
In contrast to PropertyReflector which only introspects regular objects, this ObjectReader is also able to handle maps and arrays.
For maps properties are key-pairs identified by string keys, For arrays properties are elements identified by integer index.
This class has symmetric implementation across all languages supported by Pip.Services toolkit and used to support dynamic data processing.
Because all languages have different casing and case sensitivity rules, this ObjectReader treats all property names as case insensitive.
- Example:
- myObj = MyObject()
- properties = ObjectReader.get_property_names()
- ObjectReader.has_property(myObj, “myProperty”)
- value = PropertyReflector.get_property(myObj, “myProperty”)
- myMap = { key1: 123, key2: “ABC” }
- ObjectReader.has_property(myMap, “key1”)
- value = ObjectReader.get_property(myMap, “key1”)
- myArray = [1, 2, 3]
- ObjectReader.has_property(myArrat, “0”)
- value = ObjectReader.get_property(myArray, “0”)
- properties = ObjectReader.get_property_names()
-
static
get_properties
(obj)¶ Get values of all properties in specified object and returns them as a map.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. Returned properties correspondently are object properties, map key-pairs or array elements with their indexes.
Parameters: obj – an object to get properties from. Returns: a map, containing the names of the object’s properties and their values.
-
static
get_property
(obj, name)¶ Gets value of object property specified by its name.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. The property name correspondently must be object property, map key or array index.
Parameters: - obj – an object to read property from.
- name – a name of the property to get.
Returns: the property value or null if property doesn’t exist or introspection failed.
-
static
get_property_names
(obj)¶ Gets names of all properties implemented in specified object.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. Returned property name correspondently are object properties, map keys or array indexes.
Parameters: obj – an object to introspect. Returns: a list with property names.
-
static
get_value
(obj)¶ Gets a real object value. If object is a wrapper, it unwraps the value behind it. Otherwise it returns the same object value.
Parameters: obj – an object to unwrap. Returns: an actual (unwrapped) object value.
-
static
has_property
(obj, name)¶ Checks if object has a property with specified name.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. The property name correspondently must be object property, map key or array index.
Parameters: - obj – an object to introspect.
- name – a name of the property to check.
Returns: true if the object has the property and false if it doesn’t.
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
ObjectWriter
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class to perform property introspection and dynamic writing.
In contrast to PropertyReflector which only introspects regular objects, this ObjectWriter is also able to handle maps and arrays. For maps properties are key-pairs identified by string keys, For arrays properties are elements identified by integer index.
This class has symmetric implementation across all languages supported by Pip.Services toolkit and used to support dynamic data processing.
Because all languages have different casing and case sensitivity rules, this ObjectWriter treats all property names as case insensitive.
- Example:
- myObj = MyObject()
- ObjectWriter.set_property(myObj, “myProperty”, 123)
- myMap = { key1: 123, key2: “ABC” }
- ObjectWriter.set_property(myMap, “key1”, “XYZ”)
- myArray = [1, 2, 3]
- ObjectWriter.set_property(myArray, “0”, 123)
- ObjectWriter.set_property(myObj, “myProperty”, 123)
-
static
set_properties
(obj, values)¶ Sets values of some (all) object properties.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. Property values correspondently are object properties, map key-pairs or array elements with their indexes.
If some properties do not exist or introspection fails they are just silently skipped and no errors thrown.
Parameters: - obj – an object to write properties to.
- values – a map, containing property names and their values.
-
static
set_property
(obj, name, value)¶ ets value of object property specified by its name.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. The property name correspondently must be object property, map key or array index.
If the property does not exist or introspection fails this method doesn’t do anything and doesn’t any throw errors.
Parameters: - obj – an object to write property to.
- name – a name of the property to set.
- value – a new value for the property to set.
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
RecursiveObjectReader
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class to perform property introspection and dynamic reading.
It is similar to [[ObjectReader]] but reads properties recursively through the entire object graph. Nested property names are defined using dot notation as “object.subobject.property”
-
static
get_properties
(obj)¶ Get values of all properties in specified object and its subobjects and returns them as a map.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. Returned properties correspondently are object properties, map key-pairs or array elements with their indexes.
Parameters: obj – an object to get properties from. Returns: a map, containing the names of the object’s properties and their values.
-
static
get_property
(obj, name)¶ Recursively gets value of object or its subobjects property specified by its name.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. The property name correspondently must be object property, map key or array index.
Parameters: - obj – an object to read property from.
- name – a name of the property to get.
Returns: the property value or null if property doesn’t exist or introspection failed.
-
static
get_property_names
(obj)¶ Recursively gets names of all properties implemented in specified object and its subobjects.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. Returned property name correspondently are object properties, map keys or array indexes.
Parameters: obj – an object to introspect. Returns: a list with property names.
-
static
has_property
(obj, name)¶ Checks recursively if object or its subobjects has a property with specified name.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. The property name correspondently must be object property, map key or array index.
Parameters: - obj – an object to introspect.
- name – a name of the property to check.
Returns: true if the object has the property and false if it doesn’t.
-
static
-
class
pip_services3_commons.reflect.
RecursiveObjectWriter
¶ Bases:
object
Helper class to perform property introspection and dynamic writing.
It is similar to [[ObjectWriter]] but writes properties recursively through the entire object graph. Nested property names are defined using dot notation as “object.subobject.property”
-
static
copy_properties
(dest, src)¶ Copies content of one object to another object by recursively reading all properties from source object and then recursively writing them to destination object.
Parameters: - dest – a destination object to write properties to.
- src – a source object to read properties from
-
static
set_properties
(obj, values)¶ Recursively sets values of some (all) object and its subobjects properties.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. Property values correspondently are object properties, map key-pairs or array elements with their indexes.
If some properties do not exist or introspection fails they are just silently skipped and no errors thrown.
Parameters: - obj – an object to write properties to.
- values – a map, containing property names and their values.
-
static
set_property
(obj, name, value)¶ Recursively sets value of object and its subobjects property specified by its name.
The object can be a user defined object, map or array. The property name correspondently must be object property, map key or array index.
If the property does not exist or introspection fails this method doesn’t do anything and doesn’t any throw errors.
Parameters: - obj – an object to write property to.
- name – a name of the property to set.
- value – a new value for the property to set.
-
static


import {Animation, fadeIn} from 'animation.js'; Animation.DURATION = 250; Animation.TIMING = 'Animation.timingFunctions.easeInOut'; fadeIn(el);


AFFILIATE DISCLOSURE
FTC Disclosure Compliance Rules
In 2015, the Federal Trade Commission released their new rules for Disclosure Compliance.
These rules are set in place to ensure that readers or viewers of web media are aware if the blogger or publisher is sponsored, endorsed, or partnered with a different company. The readers need to know if the content publisher is making money by sharing a link or product.
In compliance with the FTC guidelines, please assume the following about links and posts on this site:
Any/all of the links on RefundKart.com are affiliate links for which I receive a small compensation from sales of certain items.
What Are Affiliate Links?
Purchases are made on external affiliate company websites: when a reader clicks on an affiliate link located on RefundKart.com to purchase an item, the reader buys the item from the seller directly (not from RefundKart).
Amazon and/or other companies pay RefundKart a small commission or other compensation for helping to bring customers to their website.
Prices are exactly the same for readers whether they purchase is through an affiliate link or a non-affiliate link. Clicking an affiliate link and clicking a non-affiliate link does not change the price or anything else for the visitor.
RefundKart uses two main types of affiliate programs:
1. Amazon affiliate links.
RefundKart.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for website owners to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites, as well as to other websites that may be affiliated with Amazon Service LLC Associates Program.
2. Product affiliate links.
If you click a product affiliate link and buy the product, then I will get a percentage of the sale or some other type of compensation.
Again, prices are not different if you use these affiliate links. You will not pay more by clicking through to the link. These links are not “pay per click.”
What about sponsored content?
I do not write sponsored posts. I want to provide authentic, unbiased information. However, if a company would like to publish sponsored content on RefundKart, I will disclose this clearly at the beginning of the post.
The bottom line is that I only recommend products I use myself or that I would recommend to family and friends.
Your purchase helps support my research efforts. Thank you very, very much! I appreciate you!
RefundKart.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, and we get a commission on purchases made through our links.
Follow Us On Social Media!


About Me
Info
| Name | Lynn Myat Moe Aung | |
| Course | Diploma in Mechatronics and Robotics | |
| School | School of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering | |
| Year | 2 | |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| ||
| Telegram | Lynn |
Why did I choose Digital Fabrication (EP1000)?
Using what I will learn in the module, including but not limited to 3D printing, laser cutting and microcontrollers, I will be able to bring my ideas into fruition through the process of prototyping. I plan to use these skills in the future, not only in my studies but even in my career and hobbies.
 I live my life low and slow, at my own pace. Hobbies include reading manga, playing osu (although I am horrendously bad at it, [profile here]), building plastic model kits and listening to japanese music [my playlist here].


Our goal is to better understand the factors that differentiate fighters. When two fighters enter the ring, anything can happen. Nevertheless, the likely outcome of a fight is largely determined by each fighters’ past performances and training, as well as broader-trends in the sport as a whole. We chose the name “Fight Prior” to reflect that a fight’s outcome is determine not only on fight night, but also by the the fight’s prior: the history leading up to the bout.
Every fan builds their own “fight prior”; opinions leading up to a fight establish betting odds and subjective opinions of who you think is going to win a fight.
We want to use data to build our fight prior.
Many factors, both measureable and unmeasurable contribute to a fight’s prior. We will work to shed light upon these factors using approaches steeped in data science, statistics and machine learning. We want these results to help enrich the sport of MMA, better informing fans and fighters alike. Accordingly, we will be publically presenting results on fightprior.com authored by both the site creators and other members of the community.
Our current focus areas are:
Fight Prior was created and is edited by Sean Hackett and John Storey. Sean has a purple belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and a PhD in quantitative and computational biology. John has a PhD in statistics and is a professor of genomics and statistics. He’s a fan of combat sports such as MMA and hockey.
There has been an explosion of both interest and participation in MMA to the extent that the field can now be considered a “big data” problem. We, the authors, want to bring tools from data science that have revolutionized other fields into this space.
The data analyses and views published here are our own; they do not represent those of our employers or funding agencies.


Lebanese parliament session expected to be postponed: parliamentary sources
BEIRUT (Reuters) - A Lebanese parliament session is expected to be postponed on Tuesday because protests had prevented MPs from arriving, two parliamentary sources said, torpedoing the first session since demonstrations against the ruling elite erupted on Oct. 17.
The postponement is expected to be formally announced by Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri later on Tuesday.


Annihilation is a really good movie. You should watch it.
This site will play the noise at random intervals. Just leave the tab open and go about your day. You can set the upper and lower bounds of how often it will happen. No, you can’t see how long until the next one. No, you can’t stop it. (You can close the tab or reload the page, though.)


Keep patches as small as possible (<800 lines).
This will make it easy for your change to be reviewed.
For larger changes please contact Twisted developers first,
to discuss how your contribution can be broken into a series of tickets and small patches.
Use a standard patch filename.
Your patch filename should be
all lower case,
with no spaces.
It should include the ticket number,
and a patch version number.
Use a .patch or .diff extension so that Trac can apply syntax highlighting.
eg agent-howto-spelling-1234-1.patch
Add the "review" keyword to the ticket after uploading your patch.
This will add your patch to the review queue.
If you are submitting an example or demonstration:


[gecode-users] Python wrappers
Guido Tack
tack at ps.uni-sb.de
Fri Oct 30 08:10:03 CET 2009
Ellis Breen wrote:
> 2009/10/29 Guido Tack <tack at ps.uni-sb.de>
> we're currently implementing an interface to the Numberjack Python
> library (http://4c110.ucc.ie/numberjack/home). It's work in
> progress, but we expect enough progress for it to be usable soon.
> The interface is generated using SWIG.
>
> Wow, that looks amazing... A shame there's no direct Windows support
> but I'll try playing with Cygwin/MinGW.
Windows support is high up on our todo list, at least for the Gecode
interface.
Cheers,
Guido
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


FROM HAJIA MARIAM ABACHA. Dear sir, Following the sudden death of my husbandGeneral Sani Abacha the late former head of state of Nigeria in June 1998, I have been thrown into a state of utter confusion, frustration and hopelessness by the present civilian administration, I have been subjected to physical and psychological torture by the security agents in the country. My son is still under detention arraigned before the federal high court of Nigeria for an offence he did not commit. As a widow that is so traumatized, I have lost confidence with anybody within the country. You must have heard over the media reports and the internet on the recovery of various huge sums of money deposited by my husband in different security firmsabroad, some companies willingly give up their secrets and disclosed ourmoney confidently lodged there or many outright blackmail. In fact the total sum discovered by the Government so far is in the tune of $700Milliondollars.  I got your contacts through my personal research,and out of desperation decided toreach you through this medium.I will give you more information as to this regard as soon as you reply. I repose great confidence in you hence myapproach to you due to security network placed on my day to day affairs I cannot afford to visit the embassy so that is why I decided to contact you and I hope you will not betray my confidence in you. I have deposited the sum of 28.6million dollars with a security firm abroad whose name is witheld fornowuntil we open communication. I shall be grateful if you couldreceivethis fund into your account for safe keeping. This arrangement is known to you and my son Mustapha alone, so my son will deal directly with you as security is up my whole being.I am seriously considering to settle down abroad in a friendly atmosphere like yours as soon as this fund get into your account so that I can start all impossible,just help me in diverting this fund into your account which will accrue you 30% of this fund . Please honesty is the watch word in this transaction. I will require your telephone and fax numbers so that we can commence communication immediately and I will give you a more detailed picture of things. In case you dont accept please do not let me out to the security as I am giving you this information in total trust and confidence. I will greatly appreciate if you accept my proposal in good faith.Please expedite action. Please contact me through my alternative email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>You can call my son on this number:<PHONE_NUMBER>158. as i have brief him about you. Sincerely yours, Hajia Mariam Abacha


First, the basics.
Headings set your default page size
Add your four mochi images from your tutorial here.
Let's make an unordered list.
And now, one in order. These are my fav albums.
Sometimes, you want to draw attention to something in a line of text.
Sometimes you want to strongly emphasize something in the text.
Sometimes you want to do both.
Soft line breaks can't wrap anything.
Neither can image tags, or hard lines.
Add a hard line under here.
This page probably doesn't look great - we'll learn how to hook it to CSS next week.


Donor Snapshot
Welcome USER
Why donate?
Your generous donations help the patients in our community, from children to adults, and help ensure that lifesaving blood products are available when they are needed most.
What happens after I donate?
Your donation history and future appointment schedule will be maintained within this secure Donor Portal, making it easier for you to keep track of your donations, make needed changes or view test results and other information specific to you.
Did You Know?
Search for drives or donor centers by city, county and zip code, or by using map views!
Welcome USER,
It's easy to find convenient donor centers and blood drives, schedule
appointments, view past donations, manage rewards and more.
Critical dates: some dates throughout the year are more challenging
due to vacations and seasonal influences. If you are available to
donate during these critical periods, please make an appointment:
April 8, 2020 - April 14, 2020
May 19, 2020 - May 27, 2020
June 29, 2020 - July 10, 2020
September 1, 2020 - September 9, 2020
November 23, 2020 - November 29, 2020
December 20, 2020 - January 6, 2021
Please note that we no longer post BP and pulse and our new system does not display these results. You may request these results from your donor specialists at the time of your donation. Where would you like to begin?


Name Your Spot:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Hours:
Overall Experience:
Privacy: Private Public
Additional Comments:


OK. The guilt was too overwhelming. I’ve released Carbon v<IP_ADDRESS>, which adds a bunch of aliases for the functions renamed in v<IP_ADDRESS>. This should make upgrading from previous releases easier.
I’ve also renamed all functions with plural nouns in their names to use singular nouns instead, to better conform with PowerShell standards.aspx#SD01). But don’t worry, I’ve learned my lesson! There are aliases in place for all name changes so you won’t have to change any of your exising scripts. This is a 100% backwards-compatible release with v<IP_ADDRESS>. (Thanks to Jason Stangroome for the feedback!)
Go get it and please keep the feedback coming.
Enhancements
Active Directory
- Renamed
Format-ADSpecialCharacters
to Format-ADSearchFilterValue, with backwards-compatible alias.
Certificates
- Renamed
Get-SslCertificateBindings
to Get-SslCertificateBinding, with backwards-compatible alias. - Added
Remove-Certificate
alias for Uninstall-Certificate, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases.
COM
- Renamed
Get-ComPermissions
to Get-ComPermission, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Grant-ComPermissions
to Grant-ComPermission, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Revoke-ComPermissions
to Revoke-ComPermission, with backwards-compatible alias.
Firewall
- Renamed
Get-FirewallRules
to Get-FirewallRule, with backwards-compatible alias.
IIS
- Renamed
Add-IisServerManagerMembers
to Add-IisServerManagerMember, with backwards-compatible alias. - Added
StatusCode
alias for Set-IisHttpRedirect’sHttpResponseStatus
parameter, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases. - Added
Test-IisAppPoolExists
alias for Test-IisAppPool, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases. - Added
Remove-IisWebsite
alias for Uninstall-IisWebsite, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases.
Internet Explorer
- Renamed
Enable-IEActivationPermissions
to Enable-IEActivationPermission, with backwards-compatible alias.
MSMQ
- Renamed
Grant-MsmqMessageQueuePermissions
to Grant-MsmqMessageQueuePermission, with backwards-compatible alias. - Added
Remove-MsmqMessageQueue
alias for Uninstall-MsmqMessageQueue, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases.
Path
- Added
ConvertTo-FullPath
alias for Resolve-FullPath, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases. - Added
Get-PathCanonicalCase
alias for Resolve-PathCase, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases.
Performance Counters
- Renamed
Get-PerformanceCounters
to Get-PerformanceCounter, with backwards-compatible alias.
PowerShell
- Renamed
Add-TrustedHosts
to Add-TrustedHost, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Add-TrustedHost
’sEntries
parameter toEntry
, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Clear-TrustedHosts
to Clear-TrustedHost, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Complete-Jobs
to Complete-Job, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Complete-Job
’sJobs
parameter toJob
, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Get-TrustedHosts
to Get-TrustedHost, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Set-TrustedHosts
to Set-TrustedHost, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Set-TrustedHost
’sEntries
parameter toEntry
, with backwards-compatible alias.
Security
- Renamed
Assert-AdminPrivileges
to Assert-AdminPrivilege, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
ConvertTo-InheritanceFlags
to ConvertTo-InheritanceFlag, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
ConvertTo-InheritanceFlag
’sContainerInheritanceFlags
parameter toConvertTo-InheritanceFlag
, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
ConvertTo-PropagationFlags
to ConvertTo-PropagationFlag, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
ConvertTo-PropagationFlag
’sContainerInheritanceFlags
parameter toConvertTo-InheritanceFlag
, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Get-Permissions
to Get-Permission, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Grant-Permissions
to Grant-Permission, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Grant-Permission
’sPermissions
parameter toPermission
, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Test-AdminPrivileges
to Test-AdminPrivilege, with backwards-compatible alias.
Service
- Renamed
Get-ServicePermissions
to Get-ServicePermission, with backwards-compatible alias. - Added
Remove-Service
alias for Uninstall-Service, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases.
Users and Groups
- Renamed
Add-GroupMembers
to Add-GroupMember, with backwards-compatible alias. - Renamed
Add-GroupMember
’sMembers
parameter toMember
. - Added
Remove-User
alias for Uninstall-User, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases.
Windows Features
- Added
Install-WindowsFeatures
alias for Install-WindowsFeature, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases. - Added
Features
alias for Install-WindowsFeature’sName
parameter, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases. - Added
Uninstall-WindowsFeatures
alias for Uninstall-WindowsFeature, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases. - Added
Features
alias for Uninstall-WindowsFeature’sName
parameter, for backwards-compatibility with earlier releases.


Find Usages
The Find Usages action is a multi-step process, and each step of the process requires involvement from the custom language plugin.
The language plugin participates in the Find Usages process by registering an implementation of
FindUsagesProvider
in the com.intellij.lang.findUsagesProvider
extension point, and through the PSI implementation using
PsiNamedElement
and
PsiReference
interfaces.
Examples:
- Implementation of
FindUsagesProvider
in Properties language plugin - Custom Language Support Tutorial: Find Usages
The steps of the Find Usages action are the following:
-
Before the Find Usages action can be invoked, the IDE builds an index of words present in every file in the custom language. Using the
WordsScanner
implementation returned fromFindUsagesProvider.getWordsScanner()
, the contents of every file are loaded and passes it to the words scanner, along with the words consumer. The words scanner breaks the text into words, defines the context for each word (code, comments or literals) and passes the word to the consumer. The simplest way to implement the words scanner is to use theDefaultWordsScanner
implementation, passing to it the sets of lexer token types which are treated as identifiers, literals and comments. The default words scanner will use the lexer to break the text into tokens, and will handle breaking the text of comment and literal tokens into individual words. -
When the user invokes the Find Usages action, the IDE locates the PSI element the references to which will be searched. The PSI element at the cursor (the direct tree parent of the token at the cursor position) must be either a
PsiNamedElement
or aPsiReference
which resolves to aPsiNamedElement
. The word cache will be used to search for the text returned from thePsiNamedElement.getName()
method. Also, if the text range of thePsiNamedElement
includes some other text besides the identifier returned fromgetName()
(for example, if thePsiNamedElement
represents a JavaScript function and its text range includes the “function
” keyword in addition to the name of the function), the methodgetTextOffset()
must be overridden for thePsiNamedElement
, and must return the start offset of the name identifier within the text range of the element. -
Once the element is located, the IDE calls
FindUsagesProvider.canFindUsagesFor()
to ask the plugin if the Find Usages action is applicable to the specific element. -
When showing the Find Usages dialog to the user,
FindUsagesProvider.getType()
andFindUsagesProvider.getDescriptiveName()
are called to determine how the element should be presented to the user. -
For every file containing the searched words, the IDE builds the PSI tree and recursively descends that tree. The text of each element is broken into words and then scanned. If the element was indexed as an identifier, every word is checked to be a
PsiReference
resolving to the element the usages of which are searched. If the element was indexed as a comment or literal and the search in comments or literals is enabled, it checks if the word is equal to the name of the searched element. -
After the usages are collected, results are shown in the usages pane. The text shown for each found element is taken from the
FindUsagesProvider.getNodeText()
method.
To have the title of the found element be correctly displayed in the title of the Find Usages tool window, you need to provide an implementation of the
ElementDescriptionProvider
interface.
The
ElementDescriptionLocation
passed to the provider in this case will be an instance of
UsageViewLongNameLocation
.
Example:
ElementDescriptionProvider
for
Properties language plugin


Class: Aws::AuditManager::Types::Insights
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
|
| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb |
Overview
A summary of the latest analytics data for all your active assessments.
This summary is a snapshot of the data that your active assessments
collected on the lastUpdated
date. It’s important to understand that
the following totals are daily counts based on this date — they aren’t
a total sum to date.
The Insights
data is eventually consistent. This means that, when
you read data from Insights
, the response might not instantly
reflect the results of a recently completed write or update operation.
If you repeat your read request after a few hours, the response should
return the latest data.
InsightsByAssessment
includes data for that assessment as follows.
Inactive assessments - If Audit Manager collected evidence for your assessment before you changed it inactive, that evidence is included in the
InsightsByAssessment
counts for that day.- Deleted assessments - If Audit Manager collected evidence for
your assessment before you deleted it, that evidence isn't included
in the
InsightsByAssessment
counts for that day.
- Deleted assessments - If Audit Manager collected evidence for
your assessment before you deleted it, that evidence isn't included
in the
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#active_assessments_count ⇒ Integer
rw
The number of active assessments in Audit Manager.
-
#assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence ⇒ Integer
rw
The number of assessment controls that collected non-compliant evidence on the
lastUpdated
date. -
#compliant_evidence_count ⇒ Integer
rw
The number of compliance check evidence that Audit Manager classified as compliant on the
lastUpdated
date. -
#inconclusive_evidence_count ⇒ Integer
rw
The number of evidence without a compliance check ruling.
-
#last_updated ⇒ Time
rw
The time when the cross-assessment insights were last updated.
-
#noncompliant_evidence_count ⇒ Integer
rw
The number of compliance check evidence that Audit Manager classified as non-compliant on the
lastUpdated
date. -
#total_assessment_controls_count ⇒ Integer
rw
The total number of controls across all active assessments.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#active_assessments_count ⇒ Integer
(rw)
The number of active assessments in Audit Manager.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb', line 3174
class Insights < Struct.new( :active_assessments_count, :noncompliant_evidence_count, :compliant_evidence_count, :inconclusive_evidence_count, :assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence, :total_assessment_controls_count, :last_updated) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence ⇒ Integer
(rw)
The number of assessment controls that collected non-compliant
evidence on the lastUpdated
date.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb', line 3174
class Insights < Struct.new( :active_assessments_count, :noncompliant_evidence_count, :compliant_evidence_count, :inconclusive_evidence_count, :assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence, :total_assessment_controls_count, :last_updated) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#compliant_evidence_count ⇒ Integer
(rw)
The number of compliance check evidence that Audit Manager
classified as compliant on the lastUpdated
date. This includes
evidence that was collected from Security Hub with a Pass ruling,
or collected from Config with a Compliant ruling.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb', line 3174
class Insights < Struct.new( :active_assessments_count, :noncompliant_evidence_count, :compliant_evidence_count, :inconclusive_evidence_count, :assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence, :total_assessment_controls_count, :last_updated) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#inconclusive_evidence_count ⇒ Integer
(rw)
The number of evidence without a compliance check ruling. Evidence
is inconclusive when the associated control uses Security Hub or
Config as a data source but you didn't enable those services. This
is also the case when a control uses a data source that doesn’t
support compliance checks (for example: manual evidence, API calls,
or ::Aws::CloudTrail
).
Insights
data.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb', line 3174
class Insights < Struct.new( :active_assessments_count, :noncompliant_evidence_count, :compliant_evidence_count, :inconclusive_evidence_count, :assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence, :total_assessment_controls_count, :last_updated) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#last_updated ⇒ Time
(rw)
The time when the cross-assessment insights were last updated.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb', line 3174
class Insights < Struct.new( :active_assessments_count, :noncompliant_evidence_count, :compliant_evidence_count, :inconclusive_evidence_count, :assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence, :total_assessment_controls_count, :last_updated) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#noncompliant_evidence_count ⇒ Integer
(rw)
The number of compliance check evidence that Audit Manager
classified as non-compliant on the lastUpdated
date. This includes
evidence that was collected from Security Hub with a Fail ruling,
or collected from Config with a Non-compliant ruling.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb', line 3174
class Insights < Struct.new( :active_assessments_count, :noncompliant_evidence_count, :compliant_evidence_count, :inconclusive_evidence_count, :assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence, :total_assessment_controls_count, :last_updated) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#total_assessment_controls_count ⇒ Integer
(rw)
The total number of controls across all active assessments.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-auditmanager/lib/aws-sdk-auditmanager/types.rb', line 3174
class Insights < Struct.new( :active_assessments_count, :noncompliant_evidence_count, :compliant_evidence_count, :inconclusive_evidence_count, :assessment_controls_count_by_noncompliant_evidence, :total_assessment_controls_count, :last_updated) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end


SDCC allows two memory models, modules compiled with different memory models should be combined together, the results would be unpredictable. The support routines supplied with the compiler are compiled in small-model by default, and will need to be recompiled using the large model if the large model is used. In general the use of the large model is discouraged.
When the large model is used all variables declared without a storage class will be allocated into the external ram, this includes all parameters and local variables (for non-reentrant functions). When the small model is used variables without storage class are allocated in the internal ram.
Judicious usage of the processor specific storage classes and the 'reentrant' function type will yield much more efficient code, than using the large-model. Several optimizations are disabled when the program is compiled using the large model, it is therefore strongly recommdended that the small model be used unless absolutely required.


Hello, world!
One of three columns
Email address
We'll never share your email with anyone else.


Algorithms for Walking, Running, Swimming, Flying, and Manipulation
© Russ Tedrake, 2023
Last modified .
How to cite these notes, use annotations, and give feedback.
Note: These are working notes used for a course being taught at MIT. They will be updated throughout the Spring 2023 semester. Lecture videos are available on YouTube.
| Previous Chapter | Table of contents | Next Chapter |
In this chapter we will finally start considering systems of the form: \begin{gather*} \bx[n+1] = {\bf f}(\bx[n], \bu[n], \bw[n]) \\ \by[n] = {\bf g}(\bx[n], \bu[n], \bv[n]),\end{gather*} where most of these symbols have been described before, but we have now added $\by[n]$ as the output of the system, and $\bv[n]$ which is representing "measurement noise" and is typically the output of a random process. In other words, we'll finally start addressing the fact that we have to make decisions based on sensor measurements -- most of our discussions until now have tacitly assumed that we have access to the true state of the system for use in our feedback controllers (and that's already been a hard problem).
In some cases, we will see that the assumption of "full-state feedback" is not so bad -- we do have good tools for state estimation from raw sensor data. But even our best state estimation algorithms do add some dynamics to the system in order to filter out noisy measurements; if the time constants of these filters is near the time constant of our dynamics, then it becomes important that we include the dynamics of the estimator in our analysis of the closed-loop system.
In other cases, it's entirely too optimistic to design a controller assuming that we will have an estimate of the full state of the system. Some state variables might be completely unobservable, others might require specific "information-gathering" actions on the part of the controller.
For me, the problem of robot manipulation is one important application domain where more flexible approaches to output feedback become critically important. Imagine you are trying to design a controller for a robot that needs to button the buttons on your shirt. Our current tools would require us to first estimate the state of the shirt (how many degrees of freedom does my shirt have?); but certainly the full state of my shirt should not be required to button a single button. Or if you want to program a robot to make a salad -- what's the state of the salad? Do I really need to know the positions and velocities of every piece of lettuce in order to be successful? These questions are (finally) getting a lot of attention in the research community these days, under the umbrella of "learning state representations". But what does it mean to be a good state representation? There are a number of simple lessons from output feedback in control that can shed light on this fundamental question.
To some extent, this idea of calling out "output feedback" as an
advanced topic is a relatively new problem. Before state-space and
optimization-based approaches to control ushered in "modern control", we
had "classical control". Classical control focused predominantly (though
not exclusively) on linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, and made very
heavy use of frequency-domain analysis (e.g. via the Fourier
Transform/Laplace Transform). There are many excellent books on the
subject;
What's important for us to acknowledge here is that in classical control, basically everything was built around the idea of output feedback. The fundamental concept is the transfer function of a system, which is a input-to-output map (in frequency domain) that can completely characterize an LTI system. Core concepts like pole placement and loop shaping were fundamentally addressing the challenge of output feedback that we are discussing here. Sometimes I feel that, despite all of the things we've gained with modern, optimization-based control, I worry that we've lost something in terms of considering rich characterizations of closed-loop performance (rise time, dwell time, overshoot, ...) and perhaps even in practical robustness of our systems to unmodeled errors.
Just like some of our oldest approaches to control were fundamentally solving an output feedback problem, some of our newest approaches to control are doing it, too. Deep learning has revolutionized computer vision, and "deep imitation learning" and "deep reinforcement learning" have been a recent source of many impressive demonstrations of control systems that can operate directly from pixels (e.g. consuming the output of a deep perception system), without explicitly representing nor estimating the full state of the system. Unfortunately, the success or failure of these methods are not yet well understood, and they often require a great deal of artisanal tuning and an embarrassing (sometimes prohibitive) amount of computation.
The synthesis of ideas between machine learning (both theoretical and applied) and control theory is one of the most exciting and productive frontiers for research today. I am highly optimistic that we will be able to uncover the underlying principles and help transition this budding field into a technology. I hope that summarizing some of the key lessons from control here can help.
One of the extremely important almost unstated lessons from dynamic programming with additive costs and the Bellman equation is that the optimal policy can always be represented as a function $\bu^* = \pi^*(\bx).$ So far in these notes, we've assumed that the controller has direct access to the true state, $\bx$. In this chapter, we are finally removing that assumption. Now the controller only has direct access to the potentially noisy observations $\by$.
So the natural first question to ask might be, what happens if we write our policies now as a function, $\bu = \pi(\by)?$ This is known as "static" output feedback, in contrast to "dynamic" output feedback where the controller is not a static function, but is itself another input-output dynamical system. Unfortunately, in the general case it is not the case that optimal policies can be perfectly represented with static output feedback. But one can still try to solve an optimal control problem where we restrict our search to static policies; our goal will be to find the best controller in this class to minimize the cost.
We've already seen an example of a very simple linear control problem where the set of stabilizing feedback gains formed a disconnected set -- which is suggestive that it could be a difficult problem for optimization. For some other problems in control, we've been able to find a convex reparametrization.
Unfortunately,
Just because this problem is NP-hard doesn't mean we can't find good controllers in practice. Some of the recent results from reinforcement learning have reminded us of this. We should not expect an efficient globally optimal algorithm that works for every problem instance; but we should absolutely keep working on the problem. Perhaps the class of problems that our robots will actually encounter in the real world is a easier than this general case (the standard examples of bad cases in linear systems, e.g. with interleaved poles and zeros, do feel a bit contrived and unlikely to occur in practice).
Searching for the best controller within a parametric class of policies is generally referred to as policy search. If we do policy search on a class of static output feedback policies, how well does it perform? Of course, the answer depends on the particular governing equations (for instance, $\by = \bx$ is a perfectly reasonable output, and in this case the policy can be optimal). But we also have very simple counter-examples which demonstrate that the set of even stabilizing static output feedback controllers can form a disconnected set.
Since we know so much about designing full-state feedback controllers, one of the most natural (and dominant) approaches to control is to first design an observer (aka "state estimator"), and then to use state feedback. Famously, this approach is actually optimal for the quadratic regular objective on linear-Gaussian systems (LQG) -- this is known as the "separation principle". But it is certainly not optimal in general!
There is an interesting alternative to trying to observe/estimate the
true state of the system, which can in some cases lead to convex
formulations of the output-feedback objective. Rather than estimate the
state (or belief state), one can try to estimate instead the
disturbances which cause the state to deviate from the nominal
trajectory, and design a feedback controller as a function of the
disturbance. This is an old but important idea which was made famous first
as the Youla
parameterization (alternatively "Q-parameterization"). In the time
domain this typically leads to controllers which are "unrolled in time" and
depend on a potentially infinite history of disturbances; common practice
it to approximate these with a finite-impulse response (FIR) truncation.
One could imagine extracting a state-space realization of these FIR
responses using the techniques from linear
system identification
We can understand the essence of this idea with a simple extension of the LQR with least-squares derivation... (it's a work in progress!)
Given the state space equations: \begin{gather*} \bx[n+1] = \bA\bx[n] + \bB\bu[n] + \bw[n],\end{gather*} Consider parameterizing an output feedback policy of the form $$\bu[n] = \bK_0[n] \bx_0 + \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}\bK_i[n]\bw[n-i],$$ then the closed-loop state is convex in the control parameters, $\bK$: \begin{align*}\bx[n] =& \left( {\bf A}^n + \sum_{i=0}^{n-1}{\bf A}^{n-i-1}{\bf B}{\bf K}_0[i] \right) \bx_0 + \sum_{j=0}^{n-1} \sum_{i=0}^{n-1}{\bf A}^{n-i-1}{\bf B}{\bf K}_{j}[i] \bw[i-j],\end{align*} and therefore objectives that are convex in $\bx$ and $\bu$ (like LQR) are also convex in $\bK$. Moreover, we can calculate $\bw[n]$ by the time that it is needed given our observations of $\bx[n+1], \bx[n],$ and knowledge of $\bu[n].$
We can extend this to output disturbance-based feedback: \begin{gather*}
\bx[n+1] = \bA\bx[n] + \bB\bu[n] + \bw[n],\\ \by[n] = \bC\bx[n] + \bv[n],
\end{gather*} by parameterizing an output feedback policy of the form
$$\bu[n] = \bK_0[n] \by[0] + \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}\bK_i[n]{\bf e}[n-i],$$ where ${\bf e}[n] = ...$
DGKF (solving two Riccati equations)
Scherer's convex reparameterizations of LQG
Coming soon. See, for instance,
In my opinion, one of the most important advances in control in the last decade has been the introduction of high-rate feedback from cameras. This advance was enabled by the revolution in computer vision that came with deep learning. Especially in the domain of robotic manipulation, the value of this feedback is undeniable. Unfortunately, these sensors break many of the synthesis tools that we've discussed in the notes -- not only are they very high dimensional, but the space of RGB images is horrible and non-smooth. As of this writing, conventional wisdom is that model-based control does not have a lot to offer to this problem -- to design control from cameras, we are often limited to either imitation learning or black-box reinforcement learning. (I personally think that we have thrown the baby out with the bathwater, and consider a highly important research area to close this gap.)
Visuomotor policies.
Diffusion policies
| Previous Chapter | Table of contents | Next Chapter |


SPONSORED
The Skin Herbalist celebrating 25 years of outstanding results
by TipperaryLive.ieIn 1995, The Skin Herbalist's Patrick Murphy provided his first herbal remedies to patients, with good results.
Then as different ailments emerged in his clientele, he accommodated recovery by using new herbal formulas again with marked success. These formulas worked well with subsequent patients that they became standard.
Patrick's true philosophy is 'getting to the root cause of the disorder', helping him to create healing tonic herbals. These herbs help the body overcome disease by strengthening through cleansing and nourishing. Patrick's ultimate vision is to cleanse and nourish so that the body can heal, using wild crafted organic herbs.
"If my diet is followed as outlined, I guarantee that after a short period of time you will have much more satisfaction from the foods we recommending for better health than you ever had from the food values of your former diet," he says.
To make an appointment with Patrick, please contact him on 093-27033.He will hold a clinic at Clonmel Park Hotel on December 7 from 8am to 7pm.
With regards to a complaint or ailment, he will prescribe from his own herbal dispensary stocking remedies, tinctures and blends sourced only from reputable organic herbal suppliers.
Visit www.skinherbalist.com or email info@skinherbalist.com.


Analysing and interpreting climate graphs
Please navigate to the next screen to complete the activity.
World Climate Graphs.


West 10400 South, Payson, UT
(801) 465-5295
Your current Geolocation:
Any time you see this QR code, scan it using the Discover button to see additional content from SAMOCA.
DiscoverSAMOCA (San Angelico Museum of Contemporary Art) is an art museum with a focus on modern art from the last 75 years. Since its inception in 1973, the museum has been the leader of modern contemporary design. SAMOCA is located in the heart of Ventura, ninety miles north of Los Angeles in Southern California.
SAMOCA was established to promote the celebration of modern art in many forms including visual and performing arts, music, and crafts – with collections that are suitable for the entire family. The museum focuses on the unique talents and accomplishments of up-and-coming artists found within the forward-thinking California community and beyond.
Our collections are designed to highlight the importance of contemporary art within modern society. Important influences, such as pop, cinema, and current events, permeate our halls. Through our diverse collections, events, and with the support of our patrons and volunteers, the museum helps to promote the importance of modern art around the world.
123 Main Street Ventura, CA 12345<PHONE_NUMBER>
Hogshead Arr keelhaul crack Jennys tea cup gangplank run a shot across the bow measured fer yer chains come about Sail ho driver. Smartly yo-ho-ho Jack Tar bring a spring upon her cable provost spike weigh anchor maroon fathom square-rigged. Trysail flogging hang the jib interloper rutters bilged on her anchor matey bounty Gold Road skysail.  Cat o'nine tails lookout measured fer yer chains hang the jib rum crack Jennys tea cup killick provost loaded to the gunwalls poop deck.
American Main topmast driver case shot jib lugger parley red ensign provost belay. Hearties parley overhaul topsail parrel American Main Pieces of Eight warp lass lad. Wench bilge draft pressgang Gold Road mizzen dead men tell no tales lanyard dance the hempen jig hempen halter. Marooned sheet measured fer yer chains Gold Road carouser topsail run a shot across the bow Letter of Marque lateen sail Jack Tar. Long boat crow's nest code of conduct chandler haul wind port mutiny Sink me square-rigged avast.
Swab scuppers jack clap of thunder squiffy landlubber or just lubber gabion deadlights pirate sheet. Gold Road haul wind snow six pounders prow rope's end gabion bucko doubloon run a shot across the bow. Measured fer yer chains sloop yard loaded to the gunwalls Cat o'nine tails ballast Jack Ketch fluke bowsprit list.
123 Main Street Ventura, CA 12345<PHONE_NUMBER>


Name: {{ object.business_name}}
Location: {{ object.business_location }}
Services: {{ object.business_description }}
Email: {{ object.business_email }}
Neighborhood: {{ object.neighborhood }}
Location: {{ object.business_location }}
Services: {{ object.business_description }}
Email: {{ object.business_email }}
Neighborhood: {{ object.neighborhood }}


Properties
attributes
attributes: any
attributesInstanced
attributesInstanced: any
bufferColors
bufferColors: Float32Array
bufferIndices
bufferIndices: Uint16Array
bufferNormals
bufferNormals: Float32Array
bufferUvs
bufferUvs: Float32Array
bufferVertices
bufferVertices: Float32Array