Middlesbrough Council school improvement support makes solid progress
Schools in Middlesbrough are being well supported and challenged by the local authority, Ofsted said today (22 May 2015) in a
new report
.
Ofsted inspectors spoke to councillors, local authority officials, headteachers and governors about the way in which Middlesbrough Council supports school improvement. Inspectors checked the council’s strategy for school effectiveness, school performance data, and case studies. Headteachers were also called by inspectors to ask how they were being supported by the local authority in a survey of more than half of the borough’s schools.
The report found that Middlesbrough Council has made significant improvements since Ofsted judged school support to be ineffective in January 2014. This judgement acted as a catalyst for improvement and, in the last 15 months, the local authority has taken big strides to help pupils in the borough get a better education.
Inspectors also found that the local authority has strengthened its arrangements for school improvement with the introduction of programmes such as the School Effectiveness Strategy. As a result headteachers and other school leaders are engaging with the local authority and have regularly met to discuss best practice in the classroom.
Middlesbrough primary school pupils are doing better than before, while the gap between poorer pupils and their wealthier classmates is narrowing. In the borough’s secondary schools the pace of improvement is getting better although there is still room for progress, particularly in maths.
More broadly, inspectors found that education is an integral part of the council’s strategy to enhance the economy of Middlesbrough. Councillors want to improve education in the borough to help regenerate the local economy. The number of young people who are not in education, employment or training has fallen significantly from a high proportion, and is now in line with the England average.
Nick Hudson, Ofsted Director for North East, Yorkshire and Humber, said:
“More than a year ago Ofsted found that school improvement support in Middlesbrough was ineffective. I am really pleased that things have got much better since then.
“After the Ofsted report early last year Middlesbrough Council made school improvement a priority. Councillors, senior local authority officials, headteachers and other school leaders have worked well together.
“Their results are impressive. Pupils are on the whole doing better at primary school while improvement rates in the borough’s secondary schools are greater than the national average, for poorer pupils as well as their wealthier peers. That is what parents and pupils want and deserve.”
The report did find some areas for improvement and says that schools should still seek to raise pupil attainment across all years. Ofsted finds that more work should be done on reducing the gap between poorer pupils and their wealthier peers. Moreover, Ofsted found that the main driver for improvement, the Middlesbrough Achievement Partnership, is not as widely understood by school leaders as it could be.
Inspectors will continue to monitor the council’s performance regularly and decide on any future inspection activity.
Notes to Editors
-
The
letter to Middlesbrough Council
is published online.
-
The Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) regulates and inspects to achieve excellence in the care of children and young people, and in education and skills for learners of all ages. It regulates and inspects childcare and children’s social care, and inspects the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass), schools, colleges, initial teacher training, work-based learning and skills training, adult and community learning, and education and training in prisons and other secure establishments. It assesses council children’s services, and inspects services for looked after children, safeguarding and child protection.


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WMI has the ability to trigger off nearly any conceivable event
Three requirements:
Filter: Action to trigger off of
Consumer: Action to take upon triggering the filter
Binding: Registers a Filter <-> Consumer
Local events run for the lifetime of the host process
Permanent WMI events are persistent and run as SYSTEM


| PostgreSQL 9.0.10 Documentation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Chapter 12. Full Text Search | Next |
There are two kinds of indexes that can be used to speed up full text searches. Note that indexes are not mandatory for full text searching, but in cases where a column is searched on a regular basis, an index is usually desirable.
CREATE INDEX name ON table USING gist(column);
Creates a GiST (Generalized Search Tree)-based index. The column can be of tsvector or tsquery type.
CREATE INDEX name ON table USING gin(column);
Creates a GIN (Generalized Inverted Index)-based index. The column must be of tsvector type.
There are substantial performance differences between the two index types, so it is important to understand their characteristics.
A GiST index is lossy, meaning that the index may produce false matches, and it is necessary to check the actual table row to eliminate such false matches. (PostgreSQL does this automatically when needed.) GiST indexes are lossy because each document is represented in the index by a fixed-length signature. The signature is generated by hashing each word into a single bit in an n-bit string, with all these bits OR-ed together to produce an n-bit document signature. When two words hash to the same bit position there will be a false match. If all words in the query have matches (real or false) then the table row must be retrieved to see if the match is correct.
Lossiness causes performance degradation due to unnecessary fetches of table records that turn out to be false matches. Since random access to table records is slow, this limits the usefulness of GiST indexes. The likelihood of false matches depends on several factors, in particular the number of unique words, so using dictionaries to reduce this number is recommended.
GIN indexes are not lossy for standard queries, but their performance depends logarithmically on the number of unique words. (However, GIN indexes store only the words (lexemes) of tsvector values, and not their weight labels. Thus a table row recheck is needed when using a query that involves weights.)
In choosing which index type to use, GiST or GIN, consider these performance differences:
GIN index lookups are about three times faster than GiST
GIN indexes take about three times longer to build than GiST
GIN indexes are moderately slower to update than GiST indexes, but about 10 times slower if fast-update support was disabled (see Section 53.3.1 for details)
GIN indexes are two-to-three times larger than GiST indexes
As a rule of thumb, GIN indexes are best for static data because lookups are faster. For dynamic data, GiST indexes are faster to update. Specifically, GiST indexes are very good for dynamic data and fast if the number of unique words (lexemes) is under 100,000, while GIN indexes will handle 100,000+ lexemes better but are slower to update.
Note that GIN index build time can often be improved by increasing maintenance_work_mem, while GiST index build time is not sensitive to that parameter.
Partitioning of big collections and the proper use of GiST and GIN indexes allows the implementation of very fast searches with online update. Partitioning can be done at the database level using table inheritance, or by distributing documents over servers and collecting search results using the contrib/dblink extension module. The latter is possible because ranking functions use only local information.


The article is excerpted from Andrew Ng’s CS294A Lecture notes: Sparse Autoencoder, then I add some personal understanding.
In this article, we will let $n_{l}$ denote the number of layers in our network, label $l$ as $L_{l}$, so layer $L_{1}$ is the input layer, and layer $L_{n_{l}}$ the output layer. Neural network has parameters $(W,b)=(W^{(1)},b^{(1)},\dots,W^{(n_{l}-1)},b^{(n_{l}-1)})$, where we write $W_{ij}^{(l)}$ to denote the parameter (or weight) associated with the connection between unit $j$ in layer $l$ and unit $i$ in layer $l+1$. (Note the order of the indices). Also, $b_{i}^{(l)}$ is the bais associated with unit $i$ in layer $l+1$. We also let $s_{l}$ denote the number of nodes in layer $l$ (not counting the bias unit). Plus, we will write $a_{i}^{(l)}$ to denote the activation (meaning output value) of unit $i$ in layer $l$. Suppose we have a fixed training set $\{(x^{(1)},y^{(1)}),\dots,(x^{(m)},y^{(m)})\}$ of $m$ training examples. We can train our neural network using batch gradient descent. In detail, for a single training example $(x,y)$, we define the cost function with respect to that single example to be $$ J(W,b;x,y)=\frac{1}{2}\Vert h_{W,b}(x)-y\Vert^{2}\tag{1} $$ This is a (one-half) squared-error cost function. Given a training set of $m$ examples, we then define the overall cost function to be $$ \begin{aligned} J(W,b) & =\bigg[\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}J(W,b;x^{(i)},y^{(i)})\bigg]+\frac{\lambda}{2}\sum_{l=1}^{n_{l}-1}\sum_{i=1}^{s_{l}}\sum_{j=1}^{s_{l}+1}\big(W_{ji}^{(l)}\big)^{2}\newline & =\bigg[\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\big(\frac{1}{2}\Vert h_{W,b}(x^{(i)})-y^{(i)}\Vert^{2}\big)\bigg]+\frac{\lambda}{2}\sum_{l=1}^{n_{l}-1}\sum_{i=1}^{s_{l}}\sum_{j=1}^{s_{l}+1}\big(W_{ji}^{(l)}\big)^{2} \end{aligned}\tag{2} $$ The first term is an average sum-of-squares error term. The second term is a regularization term (also called a weight decay term) that tends to decrease the magnitude of the weights, and helps prevent overfitting.
Usually weight decay is not applied to the bias terms $b_{i}^{(l)}$, as reflected in the difinition of $J(W,b)$. Applying weight decay to the bias units usually makes only a small different to the final network, however. If you took CS229, you may also recognize weight decay this as essentially a variant of the Bayesian regularization method you saw there, where we placed a Gaussian prior on the parameters and did MAP (instead of maximum likelihood) estimation.
The weight decay parameter $\lambda$ controls the relative importance of the two terms. Note also the slightly overloaded notation: $J(W,b;x,y)$ is the squared error cost with respect to a single example; $J(W,b)$ is the overall cost function, which includes the weight decay term.
This cost function above is often used both for classification and for regression problems. For classification, we let $y=0$ or $1$ represent the two class labels (recall that the sigmoid activation function outputs values in $[0,1]$; if we were using a tanh activation function, we would instead use $-1$ and $+1$ to denote the labels). For regression problems, we first scale our outputs to ensure that they lie in the $[0,1]$ range (or if we were using a tanh
activation function, then the $[−1,1]$ range).
Our goal is to minimize $J(W,b)$ as a function of $W$ and $b$. To train our neural network, we will initialize each parameter $W_{ij}^{(l)}$ and each $b_{i}^{(l)}$ to a small random value near zero (say according to a $\mathfrak{N}(0,\epsilon^{2})$ distribution for some small $\epsilon$, say $0.01$), and then apply an optimization algorithm such as batch gradient descent. Since $J(W,b)$ is a non-convex function, gradient descent is susceptible to local optima; however, in practice gradient descent usually works fairly well.
Finally, note that it is important to initialize the parameters randomly, rather than to all 0’s. If all the parameters start off at identical values, then all the hidden layer units will end up learning the same function of the input (more formally, $W_{ij}^{(1)}$ will be the same for all values of $i$, so that $a_{1}^{(2)}=a_{2}^{(2)}=a_{3}^{(2)}=\dots$ for any input $x$). The random initialization serves the purpose of symmetry breaking.
One iteration of gradient descent updates the parameters $W$, $b$ as follows: $$ W_{ij}^{(l)}:=W_{ij}^{(l)}-\alpha\frac{\partial J(W,b)}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}\tag{3} $$ $$ b_{i}^{(l)}:=b_{i}^{(l)}-\alpha\frac{\partial J(W,b)}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}\tag{4} $$ where $\alpha$ is the learning rate. The key step is computing the partial derivatives above. We will now describe the backpropagation algorithm, which gives an efficient way to compute these partial derivatives.
We will first describe how backpropagation can be used to compute $\frac{\partial}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y)$ and $\frac{\partial}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y)$, the partial derivatives of the cost function $J(W,b;x,y)$ defined with respect to a single example $(x,y)$. Once we can compute these, then by referring to Equation (2), we see that the derivative of the overall cost function $J(W,b)$ can be computed as $$ \frac{\partial J(W,b)}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}=\bigg[\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\frac{\partial}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}J(W,b;x^{(i)},y^{(i)})\bigg]+\lambda W_{ij}^{(l)}\tag{5} $$ $$ \frac{\partial J(W,b)}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\frac{\partial}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}J(W,b;x^{(i)},y^{(i)})\tag{6} $$ The two lines above differ slightly because weight decay is applied to $W$ but not $b$.
The intuition behind the backpropagation algorithm is as follows. Given a training example $(x,y)$, we will first run a “forward pass” to compute all the activations throughout the network, including the output value of the hypothesis $h_{W,b}(x)$. Then, for each node i in layer l, we would like to compute an “error term” $\delta_{i}^{(l)}$ that measures how much that node was “responsible” for any errors in our output. For an output node, we can directly measure the difference between the network’s activation and the true target value, and use that to define $\delta_{i}^{(n_{l})}$ (where layer $n_{l}$ is the output layer). How about hidden units? For those, we will compute $\delta_{i}^{(l)}$ based on a weighted average of the error terms of the nodes that uses $a_{i}^{(l)}$ (the $i$-th activation value of $l$ layer) as an input.
The reason why we need to introduce error term $\delta_{i}^{(l)}$:
Using the chain rule of derivation, we have
$$
\frac{\partial J(w,b;x,y)}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}=\frac{\partial J(w,b;x,y)}{\partial z_{i}^{(l+1)}}\frac{\partial z_{i}^{(l+1)}}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}
$$
$$
\frac{\partial J(w,b;x,y)}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}=\frac{\partial J(w,b;x,y)}{\partial z_{i}^{(l+1)}}\frac{\partial z_{i}^{(l+1)}}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}
$$
Since $z^{(l+1)}=W^{(l)}a^{(l)}+b^{(l)}$, then
$$
z_{i}^{(l+1)}=\sum_{k=1}^{s_{l}}W_{ik}^{(l)}a_{k}^{(l)}+b_{i}^{(l)}
$$
Thus we have
$$\frac{\partial z_{i}^{(l+1)}}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}=a_{j}^{(l)},\quad\frac{\partial z_{i}^{(l+1)}}{b_{i}^{(l)}}=1
$$
If we let $\delta_{i}^{(l)}=\frac{\partial J(w,b;x,y)}{\partial z_{i}^{(l)}}$, then we have
$$\frac{\partial J(w,b;x,y)}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}=a_{i}^{(l)}\delta_{i}^{(l+1)}
$$
$$
\frac{\partial J(w,b;x,y)}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}=\delta_{i}^{(l+1)}
$$
Thus, in order to compute $\frac{\partial J(W,b)}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}$ and $\frac{\partial J(W,b)}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}$, the key is to compute $\delta_{i}^{(l+1)}$.
In detail, here is the backpropagation algorithm:
Perform a feedforward pass, computing the activations $a_{i}^{(l)}$ for layers $L_{2}$, $L_{3}$, and so on up to the output layer $L_{n_{l}}$.
For each output unit $i$ in layer $n_{l}$ (the output layer), set $$ \delta_{i}^{(n_{l})}=\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l})}}\frac{1}{2}\Vert y-h_{W,b}(x)\Vert^{2}=-(y_{i}-a_{i}^{(n_{l})})\cdot f’(z_{i}^{(n_{l})})\tag{7} $$ Its computation process as follow: $$\begin{aligned} \delta_{i}^{(n_{l})} &=\frac{\partial J(W,b;x,y)}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l})}}=\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l})}}\bigg(\frac{1}{2}\Vert y-h_{W,b}(x)\Vert^{2}\bigg)\quad (\textrm{The definition of }J(W,b;x,y))\newline &=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l})}}\bigg(\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\big(y_{j}-a_{j}^{(n_{l})}\big)^{2}\bigg)\quad (\textrm{The definition of vector norm }\Vert\cdot\Vert)\newline &=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l})}}\bigg(\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\big(y_{j}-f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})\big)^{2}\bigg)\quad (\textrm{Using }a_{j}^{(n_{l})}=f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})}))\newline &=-(y_{i}-f(z_{i}^{(n_{l})}))\cdot f’(z_{i}^{(n_{l})})\quad (\textrm{compute partial derivative of sum term wrt. }z_{i}^{(n_{l})})\newline &=-(y_{i}-a_{i}^{(n_{l})})\cdot f’(z_{i}^{(n_{l})})\quad (\textrm{Using }a_{j}^{(n_{l})}=f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})) \end{aligned} $$
For $l=n_{l}-1, n_{l}-2,\dots,2$, each node $i$ in layer $l$, set $$ \delta_{i}^{(l)}=\bigg(\sum_{j=1}^{s_{l}+1}W_{ji}^{(l)}\delta_{j}^{(l+1)}\bigg)f’(z_{i}^{(l)})\tag{8} $$ Its computation process as follow: $$ \begin{aligned} \delta_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)} &=\frac{\partial J(W,b;x,y)}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}=\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\bigg(\frac{1}{2}\Vert y-h_{W,b}(x)\Vert^{2}\bigg)\quad (\textrm{The definition of }J(W,b;x,y))\newline &=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\bigg(\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\big(y_{j}-a_{j}^{(n_{l})}\big)^{2}\bigg)\quad (\textrm{The definition of vector norm }\Vert\cdot\Vert)\newline &=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\big(y_{j}-a_{j}^{(n_{l})}\big)^{2}\newline &=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\big(y_{j}-f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})\big)^{2}\quad (\textrm{Using }a_{j}^{(n_{l})}=f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})}))\newline &=\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}-\big(y_{j}-f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})\big)\frac{\partial f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\quad (\textrm{Compute partial derivative})\newline &=\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}-\big(y_{j}-f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})\big)\cdot f’(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})\cdot\frac{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l})}}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\quad (\textrm{Using Chain rule to compute }\frac{\partial f(z_{j}^{(n_{l})})}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}})\newline &=\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\delta_{j}^{(n_{l})}\cdot\frac{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l})}}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\quad (\textrm{Using Equation (7)})\newline &=\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\delta_{j}^{(n_{l})}\cdot\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}}\bigg(\sum_{k=1}^{s_{n_{l}-1}}f(z_{k}^{(n_{l}-1)})\cdot W_{jk}^{(n_{l}-1)}+b_{j}^{(n_{l}-1)}\bigg)\quad (\textrm{According to the definition of }z_{j}^{(n_{l})})\newline &=\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}\delta_{j}^{(n_{l})}\cdot W_{ji}^{(n_{l}-1)}\cdot f’(z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)})\quad (\textrm{Compute partial derivative of }z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)})\newline &=\bigg(\sum_{j=1}^{s_{n_{l}}}W_{ji}^{(n_{l}-1)}\cdot\delta_{j}^{(n_{l})}\bigg)\cdot f’(z_{i}^{(n_{l}-1)}) \end{aligned} $$ By replacing the relationship between $n_{l}-1$ and $n_{l}$ to the relationship between $l$ and $l+1$, we can derive the Equation (8). And the above derivation process from backward to forward is the essence of “Backpropagation”.
Compute the desired partial derivatives, which are given as: $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial W_{ij}^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y) &=a_{j}^{(l)}\delta_{i}^{(l+1)}\newline \frac{\partial}{\partial b_{i}^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y) &=\delta_{i}^{(l+1)} \end{aligned} $$
Below gives a graph to illustrate the above steps, we use a sample $(x,y)$ as an example. Finally, we can also rewrite the algorithm using matrix-vectorial notation. We will use “$\bullet$” to denote the element-wise product operator (also called the Hadamard product), so that if $a=b\bullet c$, then $a_{i}=b_{i}c_{i}$. Similar to how we extended the definition of $f(\cdot)$ to apply element-wise to vectors, we also do the same for $f’(\cdot)$ (so that $f’([z_{1},z_{2},z_{3}])=\big[\frac{\partial f(z_{1})}{\partial z_{1}},\frac{\partial f(z_{2})}{\partial z_{2}},\frac{\partial f(z_{3})}{\partial z_{3}}\big]$). The algorithm can then be written:
Perform a feedforward pass, computing the activations for layers $L_{2}$, $L_{3}$, up to the output layer $L_{n_{l}}$, using Equations $$ \begin{aligned} z^{(l+1)} &=W^{(l)}a^{(l)}+b^{(l)}\newline a^{(l+1)} &=f(z^{(l+1)}) \end{aligned} $$
For the output layer (layer $n_{l}$), set $$ \delta^{(n_{l})}=-(y-a^{(n_{l})})\bullet f’(z^{(n)}) $$
For $l=n_{l}-1, n_{l}-2,\dots,2$, set $$ \delta^{(l)}=\big((W^{(l)})^{T}\delta^{(l+1)}\big)\bullet f’(z^{(l)}) $$
Compute the desired partial derivatives: $$ \begin{aligned} \nabla_{W^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y) &=\delta^{(l+1)}\big(a^{(l)}\big)^{T}\newline \nabla_{b^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y) &=\delta^{(l+1)} \end{aligned} $$
Implementation note: In steps 2 and 3 above, we need to compute $f’(z^{(l)})$ for each value of $i$. Assuming $f(z)$ is the sigmoid
activation function, we would already have $a_{i}^{(l)}$ stored away from the forward pass through the network. Thus, using the expression that we worked out earlier for $f’(z)$, we can compute this as
$$
f’(z^{(l)})=a_{i}^{(l)}(1-a_{i}^{(l)})
$$
Finally, we are ready to describe the full gradient descent algorithm. In the pseudo-code below, $\Delta W^{(l)}$ is a matrix (of the same dimension as $W^{(l)}$), and $\Delta b^{(l)}$ is a vector (of the same dimension as $b^{(l)}$). Note that in this notation, $\Delta W^{(l)}$ is a matrix, and in particular it isn’t $\Delta$ times $W^{(l)}$. We implement one iteration of batch gradient descent as follows:
- Set $\Delta W^{(l)}:=0$, $\Delta b^{(l)}:=0$ (matrix/vector of zeros) for all $l$.
For $i=1$ to $m$:
Use backpropagation to compute $\nabla_{W^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y)$ and $\nabla_{b^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y)$.
Set $\Delta W^{(l)}:=\Delta W^{(l)}+\nabla_{W^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y)$
Set $\Delta b^{(l)}:=\Delta b^{(l)}+\nabla_{b^{(l)}}J(W,b;x,y)$
Update the parameters $$ \begin{aligned} W^{(l)} &:= W^{(l)}-\alpha\bigg[\big(\frac{1}{m}\Delta W^{(l)}\big)+\lambda W^{(l)}\bigg]\newline b^{(l)} &:= b^{(l)}-\alpha\bigg[\frac{1}{m}\Delta b^{(l)}\bigg] \end{aligned} $$
To train our neural network, we can now repeatedly take steps of gradient descent to reduce our cost function $J(W,b)$.


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ARTICLE 3. [OLD]
COMMERCIAL PAPER
REPEALED. L 1991, c 118, §5.
ARTICLE 3.
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS
§490:3-101 Short title. This article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code--Negotiable Instruments. [L 1991, c 118, pt of §1]


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Everyone knows that New Year's Day follows Christmas Day by one week. For example, if Christmas is Monday, then New Year's Day will be on a Monday, too.
Here's the question. What is the most recent year in which Christmas and New Year's Day fell on different days of the week?
Thanks to our friends over at Cartalk.com for providing today's riddle. If you'd like to check out the same riddle on their site, click here.


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from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from flask_simpledb import SimpleDb
app = Flask(__name__)
db = SimpleDb()
@app.route("/")
def homepage():
posts = ["CoffeeScript Causes Cancer", "Elon Musk Invents X-Ray Vision", "Lifting Weights Makes You A Better Programmer"]
return render_template('home.html', posts=posts)


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/144837-PR-reviews/topic/.23775.html ---
As a step along the way to nat_cases
, and I think independently useful, I've significantly upgraded the fin_cases
tactic.
It used to just case bash on fin n
hypotheses; now it can case bash finset
, list
, and fintype
hypotheses.
e.g.
instance (n : ℕ) : decidable (prime n) := decidable_prime_1 n example (x : ℕ) (h : x ∈ (range 10).filter prime) : x = 2 ∨ x = 3 ∨ x = 5 ∨ x = 7 := begin fin_cases h; exact dec_trivial end
Nice!
I suggest that fin_cases
accept a list of terms as an argument, that should match the cases that are being produced. This gives you the opportunity to choose what they look like so you don't get wild nat.adds
like in this case fin_cases h with [2,3,5,7]
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


--- title: "SPRING POETRY RECEPTION" date: "2000-01-01 19:04:11 -06:00" categories: - events - spring subtitle: "" layout: "events" event-image: "poetry-walk.jpg" event-dates: "THURSDAY, APRIL 11 @ 5:30-6:30PM" event-location: "Red Butte Garden Visitor Center" button-type: "register" tickets-link: "https://55218.blackbaudhosting.com/55218/Poetry-Tour-11Apr2019" registration-info: "N/A" instructor-info: "N/A" member-cost: "Free" public-cost: "Garden Admission" event-notes: "free for members" tickets-button: "#" published: false ---
Poets in attendance:
Lindsey BarrAnd don't forget to visit the Garden to see all the winning poems on display as part of our Garden Poetry Walk during the month of April to celebrate National Poetry Month!
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SYNOPSIS
gitfaq
DESCRIPTION
The examples in this FAQ assume a standard POSIX shell, like bash
or dash
,
and a user, A U Thor, who has the account author
on the hosting provider
git.example.org
.
Configuration
-
What should I put in
user.name
? -
You should put your personal name, generally a form using a given name and family name. For example, the current maintainer of Git uses "Junio C Hamano".
This configuration doesn’t have any effect on authenticating to remote services; for that, see
credential.username
in git-config(1). -
What does
http.postBuffer
really do? -
This option changes the size of the buffer that Git uses when pushing data to a remote over HTTP or HTTPS. If the data is larger than this size, libcurl, which handles the HTTP support for Git, will use chunked transfer encoding since it isn’t known ahead of time what the size of the pushed data will be.
Leaving this value at the default size is fine unless you know that either the remote server or a proxy in the middle doesn’t support HTTP/1.1 (which introduced the chunked transfer encoding) or is known to be broken with chunked data. This is often (erroneously) suggested as a solution for generic push problems, but since almost every server and proxy supports at least HTTP/1.1, raising this value usually doesn’t solve most push problems. A server or proxy that didn’t correctly support HTTP/1.1 and chunked transfer encoding wouldn’t be that useful on the Internet today, since it would break lots of traffic.
Note that increasing this value will increase the memory used on every relevant push that Git does over HTTP or HTTPS, since the entire buffer is allocated regardless of whether or not it is all used. Thus, it’s best to leave it at the default unless you are sure you need a different value.
- How do I configure a different editor?
-
If you haven’t specified an editor specifically for Git, it will by default use the editor you’ve configured using the
VISUAL
orEDITOR
environment variables, or if neither is specified, the system default (which is usuallyvi
). Since some people findvi
difficult to use or prefer a different editor, it may be desirable to change the editor used.If you want to configure a general editor for most programs which need one, you can edit your shell configuration (e.g.,
~/.bashrc
or~/.zshenv
) to contain a line setting theEDITOR
orVISUAL
environment variable to an appropriate value. For example, if you prefer the editornano
, then you could write the following:export VISUAL=nano
If you want to configure an editor specifically for Git, you can either set the
core.editor
configuration value or theGIT_EDITOR
environment variable. You can see git-var(1) for details on the order in which these options are consulted.Note that in all cases, the editor value will be passed to the shell, so any arguments containing spaces should be appropriately quoted. Additionally, if your editor normally detaches from the terminal when invoked, you should specify it with an argument that makes it not do that, or else Git will not see any changes. An example of a configuration addressing both of these issues on Windows would be the configuration
"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe" --nofork
, which quotes the filename with spaces and specifies the--nofork
option to avoid backgrounding the process.
Credentials
- How do I specify my credentials when pushing over HTTP?
-
The easiest way to do this is to use a credential helper via the
credential.helper
configuration. Most systems provide a standard choice to integrate with the system credential manager. For example, Git for Windows provides thewincred
credential manager, macOS has theosxkeychain
credential manager, and Unix systems with a standard desktop environment can use thelibsecret
credential manager. All of these store credentials in an encrypted store to keep your passwords or tokens secure.In addition, you can use the
store
credential manager which stores in a file in your home directory, or thecache
credential manager, which does not permanently store your credentials, but does prevent you from being prompted for them for a certain period of time.You can also just enter your password when prompted. While it is possible to place the password (which must be percent-encoded) in the URL, this is not particularly secure and can lead to accidental exposure of credentials, so it is not recommended.
- How do I read a password or token from an environment variable?
-
The
credential.helper
configuration option can also take an arbitrary shell command that produces the credential protocol on standard output. This is useful when passing credentials into a container, for example.Such a shell command can be specified by starting the option value with an exclamation point. If your password or token were stored in the
GIT_TOKEN
, you could run the following command to set your credential helper:$ git config credential.helper \ '!f() { echo username=author; echo "password=$GIT_TOKEN"; };f'
- How do I change the password or token I’ve saved in my credential manager?
-
Usually, if the password or token is invalid, Git will erase it and prompt for a new one. However, there are times when this doesn’t always happen. To change the password or token, you can erase the existing credentials and then Git will prompt for new ones. To erase credentials, use a syntax like the following (substituting your username and the hostname):
$ echo<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| git credential reject
- How do I use multiple accounts with the same hosting provider using HTTP?
-
Usually the easiest way to distinguish between these accounts is to use the username in the URL. For example, if you have the accounts
author
andcommitter
ongit.example.org
, you can use the URLs<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This way, when you use a credential helper, it will automatically try to look up the correct credentials for your account. If you already have a remote set up, you can change the URL with something likegit remote set-url origin<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(see git-remote(1) for details). - How do I use multiple accounts with the same hosting provider using SSH?
-
With most hosting providers that support SSH, a single key pair uniquely identifies a user. Therefore, to use multiple accounts, it’s necessary to create a key pair for each account. If you’re using a reasonably modern OpenSSH version, you can create a new key pair with something like
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_committer
. You can then register the public key (in this case,~/.ssh/id_committer.pub
; note the.pub
) with the hosting provider.Most hosting providers use a single SSH account for pushing; that is, all users push to the
git
account<EMAIL_ADDRESS>). If that’s the case for your provider, you can set up multiple aliases in SSH to make it clear which key pair to use. For example, you could write something like the following in~/.ssh/config
, substituting the proper private key file:# This is the account for author on git.example.org. Host example_author HostName git.example.org User git # This is the key pair registered for author with git.example.org. IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_author IdentitiesOnly yes # This is the account for committer on git.example.org. Host example_committer HostName git.example.org User git # This is the key pair registered for committer with git.example.org. IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_committer IdentitiesOnly yes
Then, you can adjust your push URL to use
git@example_author
orgit@example_committer
instead<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(e.g.,git remote set-url git@example_author:org1/project1.git
).
Common Issues
- I’ve made a mistake in the last commit. How do I change it?
-
You can make the appropriate change to your working tree, run
git add <file>
orgit rm <file>
, as appropriate, to stage it, and thengit commit --amend
. Your change will be included in the commit, and you’ll be prompted to edit the commit message again; if you wish to use the original message verbatim, you can use the--no-edit
option togit commit
in addition, or just save and quit when your editor opens. - I’ve made a change with a bug and it’s been included in the main branch. How should I undo it?
-
The usual way to deal with this is to use
git revert
. This preserves the history that the original change was made and was a valuable contribution, but also introduces a new commit that undoes those changes because the original had a problem. The commit message of the revert indicates the commit which was reverted and is usually edited to include an explanation as to why the revert was made. - How do I ignore changes to a tracked file?
-
Git doesn’t provide a way to do this. The reason is that if Git needs to overwrite this file, such as during a checkout, it doesn’t know whether the changes to the file are precious and should be kept, or whether they are irrelevant and can safely be destroyed. Therefore, it has to take the safe route and always preserve them.
It’s tempting to try to use certain features of
git update-index
, namely the assume-unchanged and skip-worktree bits, but these don’t work properly for this purpose and shouldn’t be used this way.If your goal is to modify a configuration file, it can often be helpful to have a file checked into the repository which is a template or set of defaults which can then be copied alongside and modified as appropriate. This second, modified file is usually ignored to prevent accidentally committing it.
- I asked Git to ignore various files, yet they are still tracked
-
A
gitignore
file ensures that certain file(s) which are not tracked by Git remain untracked. However, sometimes particular file(s) may have been tracked before adding them into the.gitignore
, hence they still remain tracked. To untrack and ignore files/patterns, usegit rm --cached <file/pattern>
and add a pattern to.gitignore
that matches the <file>. See gitignore(5) for details. - How do I know if I want to do a fetch or a pull?
-
A fetch stores a copy of the latest changes from the remote repository, without modifying the working tree or current branch. You can then at your leisure inspect, merge, rebase on top of, or ignore the upstream changes. A pull consists of a fetch followed immediately by either a merge or rebase. See git-pull(1).
Hooks
- How do I use hooks to prevent users from making certain changes?
-
The only safe place to make these changes is on the remote repository (i.e., the Git server), usually in the
pre-receive
hook or in a continuous integration (CI) system. These are the locations in which policy can be enforced effectively.It’s common to try to use
pre-commit
hooks (or, for commit messages,commit-msg
hooks) to check these things, which is great if you’re working as a solo developer and want the tooling to help you. However, using hooks on a developer machine is not effective as a policy control because a user can bypass these hooks with--no-verify
without being noticed (among various other ways). Git assumes that the user is in control of their local repositories and doesn’t try to prevent this or tattle on the user.In addition, some advanced users find
pre-commit
hooks to be an impediment to workflows that use temporary commits to stage work in progress or that create fixup commits, so it’s better to push these kinds of checks to the server anyway.
Cross-Platform Issues
- I’m on Windows and my text files are detected as binary.
-
Git works best when you store text files as UTF-8. Many programs on Windows support UTF-8, but some do not and only use the little-endian UTF-16 format, which Git detects as binary. If you can’t use UTF-8 with your programs, you can specify a working tree encoding that indicates which encoding your files should be checked out with, while still storing these files as UTF-8 in the repository. This allows tools like git-diff(1) to work as expected, while still allowing your tools to work.
To do so, you can specify a gitattributes(5) pattern with the
working-tree-encoding
attribute. For example, the following pattern sets all C files to use UTF-16LE-BOM, which is a common encoding on Windows:*.c working-tree-encoding=UTF-16LE-BOM
You will need to run
git add --renormalize
to have this take effect. Note that if you are making these changes on a project that is used across platforms, you’ll probably want to make it in a per-user configuration file or in the one in$GIT_DIR/info/attributes
, since making it in a.gitattributes
file in the repository will apply to all users of the repository.See the following entry for information about normalizing line endings as well, and see gitattributes(5) for more information about attribute files.
-
I’m on Windows and git diff shows my files as having a
^M
at the end. -
By default, Git expects files to be stored with Unix line endings. As such, the carriage return (
^M
) that is part of a Windows line ending is shown because it is considered to be trailing whitespace. Git defaults to showing trailing whitespace only on new lines, not existing ones.You can store the files in the repository with Unix line endings and convert them automatically to your platform’s line endings. To do that, set the configuration option
core.eol
tonative
and see the following entry for information about how to configure files as text or binary.You can also control this behavior with the
core.whitespace
setting if you don’t wish to remove the carriage returns from your line endings. - What’s the recommended way to store files in Git?
-
While Git can store and handle any file of any type, there are some settings that work better than others. In general, we recommend that text files be stored in UTF-8 without a byte-order mark (BOM) with LF (Unix-style) endings. We also recommend the use of UTF-8 (again, without BOM) in commit messages. These are the settings that work best across platforms and with tools such as
git diff
andgit merge
.Additionally, if you have a choice between storage formats that are text based or non-text based, we recommend storing files in the text format and, if necessary, transforming them into the other format. For example, a text-based SQL dump with one record per line will work much better for diffing and merging than an actual database file. Similarly, text-based formats such as Markdown and AsciiDoc will work better than binary formats such as Microsoft Word and PDF.
Similarly, storing binary dependencies (e.g., shared libraries or JAR files) or build products in the repository is generally not recommended. Dependencies and build products are best stored on an artifact or package server with only references, URLs, and hashes stored in the repository.
We also recommend setting a gitattributes(5) file to explicitly mark which files are text and which are binary. If you want Git to guess, you can set the attribute
text=auto
. For example, the following might be appropriate in some projects:# By default, guess. * text=auto # Mark all C files as text. *.c text # Mark all JPEG files as binary. *.jpg binary
These settings help tools pick the right format for output such as patches and result in files being checked out in the appropriate line ending for the platform.
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite


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Source code:
Q-Matrix.js
Grid of numbers
A matrix is just a grid of numbers; rows and columns containing values. Matrices can be of any size. Here’s an example of a 3 × 2 matrix. It is 3 columns wide and 2 rows tall, containing the values 1 through 6.
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | 5 | 6 |
When describing the dimensions of a matrix we always specify the number of rows first, then the number of columns. The above is an example of a 3 × 2 matrix, while below is a matrix containing similar data, but in a 2 × 3 configuration.
| 1 | 2 |
| 3 | 4 |
| 5 | 6 |
Order matters
Q thinks about matrices in row-major order. This means we read the values just as they are ordered above, starting with the top-most row, reading values from left to right, then proceeding to the next row down and repeating that process. Our choice of row-major order makes reading and writing matrix values more akin to reading and writing in English; easier to type and program here.
Complex numbers
Instead of just storing
regular old numbers,
our matrices are geared to store
complex numbers.
(This is because
qubits are really just a pair of
complex numbers
that we store in a 1 × 2 matrix.
So, yes—the example matrices above are actually more complicated than qubits are!)
In general, we don’t even have to think about
the fact that our matrices are storing complex numbers
because
Q.Matrix
is
happy to accept regular JavaScript Number
values as input—and
Q.ComplexNumber
will silently handle the conversion for us.
Constructor
Matrix
Function([ size: Number ] or [ width: Number, height: Number ] or [ rows: arguments ]) => Q.Matrix
The Matrix
class creates and operates on matrices of arbitrary dimensions.
This is in contrast to some popular graphics libraries
which optimize for specific sizes of matrices—with corresponding class names like
Matrix3
(for 3 × 3 matrices) or Matrix4
(for 4 × 4 matrices).
Q, meanwhile, is much more flexible.
The constructor expects an argument list of
equal-length arrays where each array represents a row of column values.
Matrix
then automatically determines the dimensions based on the number of
arguments (rows) and length of each row (number of columns).
The constructor will throw an error if the row lengths are not equal.
Upon creation Matrix
converts all argument values of type Number
to Q.ComplexNumber
instances.
Currently Matrix
does not support recursion;
a matrix cannot contain matrices as values.
A matrix also cannot change its dimensions, making destructive properties
that yield matrices of a different size (like multiply$
, for example) impossible.
var a = new Q.Matrix(
[ 1, 2, 3 ],
[ 4, 5, 6 ])
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | 5 | 6 |
-
- rows
Array
The list of suppliedarguments
. -
- columns
Array
The list of getters and setters that operate on the rows property to appear as if this property contained actual values. -
- index
Number
An identification number assigned to the instance, used for minding the total number of instances created.
Import and export formats
Getting data in and out of any system can be laborious.
With that in mind, Q.Matrix
comes with helper methods for
importing and exporting the following common formats:
- Comma separated values (CSV)
- Tab separated values (TSV)
- Arbitrary character separated values (XSV)
- HTML table code
Static properties
-
- help
Function ⇒ String
Calls and returns the value ofQ.help
, passingQ.Matrix
as the argument. -
- index
Number
The number of instances created so far.
Constants and constant creation
-
- constants
Object
Constants are appended directly to theQ.Matrix
object. For convenience they are also appended to thisQ.Matrix
.constants object to make looking up constants in the JavaScript console trivial, and to make iterating across all constants convenient via functions likeObject.entries
,Object.keys
,Object.values
, and so on. The intention that a property act as a constant is signaled by its labelling in all-uppercase. -
- createConstant
Function( key: String, value: * )
Appends a property named bykey
with a value ofvalue
to both theMatrix
object and itsconstants
property. -
- createConstants
Function( … )
Expects an even number of arguments. Will use each pair in the sequence of arguments to callcreateConstant
.
Constants — Example matrices
-
- IDENTITY_2X2
Q.Matrix
Initialized asQ.Matrix.createIdentity( 2 )
. Described by the following matrix:1 0 0 1 -
- IDENTITY_3X3
Q.Matrix
Initialized asQ.Matrix.createIdentity( 3 )
. Described by the following matrix:1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 -
- IDENTITY_4X4
Q.Matrix
Initialized asQ.Matrix.createIdentity( 4 )
. Described by the following matrix:1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 -
- CONSTANT0_2X2
Q.Matrix
Initialized as
Described by the following matrix:new Q.Matrix( [ 1, 1 ], [ 0, 0 ])
1 1 0 0 -
- CONSTANT1_2X2
Q.Matrix
Initialized as
Described by the following matrix:new Q.Matrix( [ 0, 0 ], [ 1, 1 ])
0 0 1 1 -
- NEGATION_2X2
Q.Matrix
Initialized as
Described by the following matrix:new Q.Matrix( [ 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0 ])
0 1 1 0 -
- TEST_MAP_9X9
Q.Matrix
Initialized as
Described by the following matrix:new Q.Matrix( [ 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91 ], [ 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92 ], [ 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93 ], [ 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94 ], [ 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95 ], [ 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76, 86, 96 ], [ 17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77, 87, 97 ], [ 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88, 98 ], [ 19, 29, 39, 49, 59, 69, 79, 89, 99 ])
11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99
Static inspection
-
- isMatrixLike
Function( object: * ) ⇒ Boolean
Returnstrue
ifobject
is an instance ofQ.Matrix
or ifQ.Matrix
is inobject
’s prototype chain, otherwise returnsfalse
. -
- getWidth
Function( m: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Number
Returns the number of columns in this matrix. -
- getHeight
Function( m: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Number
Returns the number of rows in this matrix. -
- haveEqualDimensions
Function( a: Q.Matrix, b: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Boolean
Returnstrue
if both matrices have the same number of rows and the same number of columns, otherwise returnsfalse
. -
- isWithinRange
Function( n: Number, minimum: Number, maximum: Number ) ⇒ Boolean
Returnstrue
ifn
is an integer, and is greater than or equal tominimum
, and is less than or equal tomaximum
, otherwise returnsfalse
. Used to determine if a value is a valid row or column number.
Creation from description
-
- createSquare
Function([ size: Number = 2[, f: Function = function(){ return 0 }]]) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Creates a square matrix of width and height equal tosize
.f
is invoked for each cell of the matrix and is passed two arguments,x: Number
andy: Number
, which correspond to the address of the cell. The result off
is then assigned to that cell. Returns the resulting matrix. -
- createZero
Function( size: Number ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
CallscreateSquare
with the passedsize
argument, but no function argument, to yield a matrix of all zeros. Returns the resulting matrix. -
- createOne
Function( size: Number ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
CallscreateSquare
with the passedsize
argument, and anf
argument that invariably returns1
, to yield a matrix of all ones. Returns the resulting matrix. -
- createIdentity
Function( size: Number ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
CallscreateSquare
with the passedsize
argument, and anf
argument that yields an identity matrix. Returns the resulting matrix.
Creation from data import
-
- fromArray
Function( array: Array ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Ingests matrix data from anArray
of values where each element represents a row that is itself anArray
of values, and returns the result. Note how this differs from theMatrix
constructor which uses the function’sArray
-like arguments list directly. -
- fromXsv
Function( input: String, rowSeparator: String, valueSeparator: String ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Ingests matrix data from aString
of values that are sepearated in to rows byrowSeparator
and separated in to values (columns) byvalueSeparator
, and returns the result. -
- fromCsv
Function( csv: String ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Ingests matrix data from aString
of comma-separated-values and returns the result. -
- fromTsv
Function( tsv: String ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Ingests matrix data from aString
of tab-separated-values and returns the result. -
- fromHtml
Function( html: String ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Ingests matrix data from aString
of HTML table code and returns the result.
Static maths
-
- add
Function( a: Q.Matrix, b: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Adds the two supplied matrices together and returns the result. -
- multiplyScalar
Function( a: Q.Matrix, b: Number ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Multiplies the supplied matrix by the supplied scalar and returns the result. -
- multiply
Function( a: Q.Matrix, b: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Multiplies the two supplied matrices together and returns the result. -
- multiplyTensor
Function( a: Q.Matrix, b: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Returns thetensor product
of the two supplied matrices.
Prototype properties
Self inspection
-
- isValidRow
Function( rowIndex: Number ) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true ifrowIndex
is greater than or equal to zero and is less than the height of this matrix, otherwise returnsfalse
. Will return aBoolean
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- isValidColumn
Function( columnIndex: Number ) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true ifcolumnIndex
is greater than or equal to zero and is less than the width of this matrix, otherwise returnsfalse
. Will return aBoolean
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- isValidAddress
Function( x: Number, y: Number ) ⇒ Boolean
Returnstrue
ifx
is a valid row index andy
is a valid column index, otherwise returnsfalse
. Will return aBoolean
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- getWidth
Function ⇒ Number
Calls and returns the value ofQ.Matrix.getWidth
, passing itself as the argument. Will return aNumber
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- getHeight
Function ⇒ Number
Calls and returns the value ofQ.Matrix.getHeight
, passing itself as the argument. Will return aNumber
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance.
Data export (non-destructive)
-
- read
Function( x: Number, y: Number ) ⇒ Q.ComplexNumber
Returns the value of this matrix’s cell at rowy
and columnx
. Equivalent tothis.columns[ x ][ y ]
orthis.rows[ y ][ x ]
but with safety mechanisms. Will return aNumber
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- clone
Function ⇒ Q.Matrix
Returns a new instance with the value forrows
copied from this instance. The constructor will populate the values forcolumns
as well. -
- toArray
Function ⇒ Array
Returns the value of this instance’srows
property. Will return anArray
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- toXsv
Function( rowSeparator: String, valueSeparator: String ) ⇒ String
Returns the value of this matrix expressed as aString
delimited by the supplied arguments. Will return aString
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- toCsv
Function ⇒ String
Creates a comma-separated-values table and returns it as aString
. Will return aString
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- toTsv
Function ⇒ String
Creates a tab-separated-values table and returns it as aString
. Will return aString
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- toHtml
Function ⇒ String
Creates HTML table code and returns it as aString
. Will return aString
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance. -
- toDom
Function ⇒ DocumentFragment
Arriving soon. Will return aDocumentFragment
value, thereby halting “Fluent interface” method chaining for this instance.
Data import (destructive)
-
- write$
Function( x: Number, y: Number, n: Number or Q.ComplexNumber ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Writes a value,n
, to the specified cell address of this matrix. Equivalent tothis.columns[ x ][ y ] = n
, orthis.rows[ y ][ x ] = n
, but with safety checks. -
- copy$
Function( m: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Copies the value forrows
from the supplied argument,m
, ifm
is a matrix of equal dimensions to this instance, otherwise returnsQ.error
. -
- fromArray$
Function( array: Array ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes the suppliedarray
argument to thefromArray
static method, then usescopy$
to copy that result in to this instance. -
- fromCsv$
Function( csv: String ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes the suppliedcsv
argument to thefromCsv
static method, then usescopy$
to copy that result in to this instance. -
- fromTsv$
Function( tsv: String ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes the suppliedtsv
argument to thefromTsv
static method, then usescopy$
to copy that result in to this instance. -
- fromHtml$
Function( html: String ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes the suppliedhtml
argument to thefromHtml
static method, then usescopy$
to copy that result in to this instance.
Maths operations (non-destructive)
-
- add
Function( otherMatrix: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes this instance as the first argument andotherMatrix
as the second argument to theadd
static method and returns the result. -
- multiplyScalar
Function( scalar: Number ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes this instance as the first argument andotherMatrix
as the second argument to themultiplyScalar
static method and returns the result. -
- multiply
Function( otherMatrix: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes this instance as the first argument andotherMatrix
as the second argument to themultiply
static method and returns the result. -
- multiplyTensor
Function( otherMatrix: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Passes this instance as the first argument andotherMatrix
as the second argument to themultiplyTensor
static method and returns the result.
Maths operations (destructive)
-
- add$
Function( otherMatrix: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Calls theadd
instance method withotherMatrix
as an argument andcopies
the result to this instance. -
- multiplyScalar$
Function( otherMatrix: Q.Matrix ) ⇒ Q.Matrix
Calls themultiplyScalar
instance method withotherMatrix
as an argument andcopies
the result to this instance.


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Times Blinked: {{ total_blinks }}
Sylablles Said: {{ total_syl}}
Battery Expended: {{ total_batt }} %
{% for item in alertMatrix %}
Brain Panel is a deployable web-based panel that can read information from a muse brainwave sensor.
BrainPanel is held under the MIT License and is Open Source in every fashion
Written By Clay Buxton (clbx.io) - 2018


News story
Funding of £20 million to improve the quality of 126 FE colleges was announced by Skills Minister Nick Boles today (Friday 27 March 2015).
The money, allocated by the Skills Funding Agency, means colleges can improve the facilities for students and local employers. Colleges have been identified for grants based on the condition of their estates and each will receive funding ranging from £80,000 to £300,000. The grants have been allocated from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills’ £330 million capital investment fund for further education colleges.
Skills Minister Nick Boles said:
From the creation of more than 2.2 million apprenticeships since 2010 to the huge progress we’ve made in tackling unemployment, Further Education Colleges are playing a vital role in getting people the skills they need to get on. Our evidence shows that apprenticeships give the highest return on investment and that’s why we’ve prioritised funding in this area.
This £20 million investment will enable dozens of colleges to carry out essential works and further improve the quality of their skills provision.
We recognise that colleges have faced budgetary challenges and I am confident that those who maximise their spending power through the delivery of apprenticeships and traineeships, offer in-demand high quality courses and diversify their funding streams will go from strength to strength.
The Government has committed more than £3.9 billion in 2015-16 for adult learning and further education with funding prioritised towards apprenticeships, traineeships and support with English and maths. This includes £770 million for apprenticeships, £498 million available for adult learning loans and £216 million for community learning.
The colleges will be expected to carry out works as soon as possible and provide 50 per cent matched funding, subject to affordability.
A full list of the colleges receiving grants is available below.
PDF , 132KB , 4 pages
If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of this document in a more accessible format, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>. Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.
The funds allocated to the eligible colleges will be used for capital works that will meet one or more of the following criteria and will:
The colleges will be expected to carry out works as soon as possible and provide 50 per cent matched funding, subject to affordability.
This money has been allocated from the Capital Works Grant.
Published: 27 March 2015
From: Skills Funding Agency
Part of: Further education and training


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block body_attr %} class="dark-blue-bg"{% endblock %} {% block 'nav-1' %}
By providing information to us or otherwise using the Website or Service you agree to and accept the terms of our privacy policy which sets out how we collect, use, disclose and store personal information you may provide, including through the Website or Service.
Personal information is collected by us for the purpose of carrying out our business and providing our services. If you provide personal information about another person you warrant that individual is aware of the terms of this privacy policy and you have express permission and authority to provide the information. You must be at least 18 years of age to provide any such personal information.
Making an Order will involve submitting your name, email address, telephone numbers and payment details to us or a third party including any third party who processes Orders or payments for Orders. This is necessary for us to provide you with products you have ordered.
Personal information may be disclosed to third parties and Artists as above or in situations where we have a reason to believe that doing so is necessary to identify, contact or bring action against anyone who may be damaging, injuring, or interfering (intentionally or unintentionally) with our rights or property, users, or anyone else who could be harmed by such activities. Also, we may disclose personal information when we believe in good faith that the law requires disclosure. We will take reasonable steps to destroy or permanently de-identify personal information that is no longer needed for any purpose. However, some personal information may need to be stored as archives for record-keeping purposes only.
We endeavour to ensure security, integrity and privacy of personal information submitted to us, and review and update security measures regularly. However, we will not be held responsible for unauthorised access to personal information.
Our servers gather IP addresses to collect website statistics associated with our website. This non-personal information is collated and provided to us to assist in analysing usage of the site. Information cannot be traced to an individual. We do use cookies to provide you with a better experience. These allow us to manage your browsing session at our Website and as a way of monitoring user access.
If at any time, you discover that personal information held about you is incorrect, you may apply to us in writing to have it corrected. You may on reasonable request, and pursuant to National Privacy Principles, access personal information.
If you have any queries relating to our privacy policy, or a problem or complaint, please contact us via the Website or Service or by sending us an email at our contact email.
{% endif %}


A FAMILY THING A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1996 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ***
A FAMILY THING is a poignant and beautifully life affirming film. It tells the story of the reunion of two older half-brothers, one black and one of a mixed race who always thought he was white. The film deals both with racial tolerance and with the larger meaning of life. It is a little film without any pretensions to be more that it is, and it has three outstanding performances in it.
A FAMILY THING starts off in a little town in Arkansas, but that part is actually filmed in Tennessee. When I first saw the garage that Earl Pilcher, Jr., hereafter called simply Earl (Robert Duvall) and his father Earl Sr. (James Harrell) own in a small Southern town, I thought it was Shugart's Garage from my old hometown of Garland, Texas. It wasn't, but everything from the sets (Linda DeScenna) to the dialog is authentic, right down to Earl saying, "yes, sir" to his father and "yes, ma'am" to the telephone operator. Even the traditional southern inherent dislike of potential carpetbaggers is displayed in Earl Sr.'s complaining to his son about a customer, "I've never seen a damn Yankee yet that could operate more than a wheelbarrow."
 Earl's real mama died in childbirth, and his adoptive mama raised Earl as her own. In the letter his adoptive mama tells Earl to go to Chicago and look up his completely black half brother, Raymond "Ray" Lee Murdock (James Earl Jones) who is a policeman. Earl does this in his pickup truck which turns into a classic fish out of water sequence.
 Ray and Earl want to part company quickly. That Ray lives near a bad part of town further complicates things.
The show has two stars and a scene stealer, Irma P. Hall, who I think is a shoe-in for a best supporting actress nomination for her bossy, funny, and upbeat role as Aunt T. She tells Earl to get salted butter because, "Don't know why anybody'd eat unsalted butter. Might as well eat Vaseline. Got about as much flavor." She is also wise telling them, "Nobody ever knows what it's like for somebody else. That's always the problem."
In another incredible performance by James Earl Jones, he plays Ray as a reserved man with deep feelings, but one that is able to laugh at others and at himself.  Jones's character overflows with humanity.
In this ensemble cast, Duvall's acting is the great, although I would rank it third here. He gets off many a good line. One of my favorites has him telling Virgil about playing football in school, "I used to play a little ball. I was small, but I made up for it by being slow." As easily the slowest player on a high school football team that won two AAAA state championships, this line really hit home. Earl advises Virgil another time that, "Being happy ain't nothin' more than havin' something to look forward to." Another piece of advice well worth pondering.
The movie shows Earl as having definite racial prejudices, but milder than you might guess. He even sinks to using the N word twice which, to be fair, is a lot less that the blacks use it in the film. The script (Billy Bob Thornton and Tom Epperson) is one of the delights of A FAMILY THING. The dialog is smart and the characters are not drawn as cliches as it would have been easy to do. In a plot where little happens, there are many surprises, scary moments, and many unpredictable twists. At its best, as when Earl and Ray share an intimate discussion about their roles in the Korean War, the story resonates with a beautiful harmony. The direction by Richard Pearce has great attention to detail. Watch, for example, the body language in the way Earl and Ray sit together on the couch and on the bed.
The movie's ending is set up perfectly, but I would have preferred them to end a couple of minutes sooner and let our imaginations take over after they set it up. The rich music by Charles Gross provides just the right nostalgic atmosphere.
A FAMILY THING runs just about right at 1:49. It is correctly rated PG-13 for a small amount of violence and some bad language. I think the film would be fine for kids over say 8 or 9 if they are interested in the subject. I loved the film and see no reason why you wouldn't too. I recommend the picture and give it ***.
**** = One of the top few films of this or any year. A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show.  Totally unbearable.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: April 5, 1996
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Reaffirming My Values
May 17, 2014
In my Week 1 post, I described my values as being Accomplishment, Adventure, Decisiveness, Growth, and Personal Development. As I think of how these relate to my conceptualization of stereotype threat, the ones that stick out to me are Accomplishment and Personal Development. I said last week that I want my work and my accomplishments to speak for themselves, and if people cannot accept me after that then they aren't worth my time.
I have no idea right now how people are stereotyping me or how they will do so as I start my career as a programmer, but I do know that changing someone's mind about me by my doing a great job on something would lead to a huge sense of accomplishment. That's one of the ways I can really know I've done a great job: someone not only tells you, but it changes something about them.
In relation to personal development, my understanding and the way I relate to stereotypes is one way that I've developed as a person. I mentioned last week that I used to let stereotypes get to me and do my best not to fall into those buckets that people wanted to lump me into. As I've gotten older and wiser, I've learned simply not to care. My doing DBC is pretty evident of that, because my learning to be a programmer is the opposite of running from a stereotype. However, I'm not doing it to fit into a preconceived notion of myself, and I'm not doing it in order to be defiant; rather, I'm doing it because I think it's the best move for me and will make me happy and give me a more fulfilling career.
I know there will be times at DBC when I feel like I'm in over my head, falling behind, or wondering what I'm doing there. That comes with the territory, and if I don't ever feel that way I don't think I'll be getting the most out of it, honestly. I've felt that way before, and my response has typically been to take a step back and remind myself why I'm here and what the end goal is. I've usually found that just taking a step back, even for one night or just a few hours, then coming back with a fresh brain and fresh eyes helps tremendously, not just with actually solving the problem at hand but with my motivation to actually accomplish the task. I've dealt with being overworked before, and I don't know if this is true for everyone, but usually all I really need is a good night's sleep and I'm ready to jump back into it!


You can use this file to verify that FriBID works. To do so, put this file on an SSL-enabled server and open it in a web browser (you can use a self-signed SSL-certificate).
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We enhance tables!
- leverage real-time paradigms
- transform out-of-the-box users
- transition customized users
- transition transparent initiatives
- generate turn-key e-commerce
- monetize wireless e-commerce
- morph enterprise platforms
- integrate synergistic e-tailers
- deliver cross-media networks
- embrace cutting-edge infomediaries
- scale strategic metrics
- strategize mission-critical architectures
- whiteboard synergistic content
- seize best-of-breed paradigms


Steve Jobs lost his battle with cancer, and passed away at his home. He was 56. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2004, and resigned as CEO of Apple on August 24th, 2011, when his health problems kept him from running the company. He was a genius and a visionary who revolutionized computers through Apple . . . movies through Pixar . . . music through the iPod and iTunes . . . and mobile communication with the iPhone and the iPad.


Life Relevant E-tax Service
A proposal for Vero.fi
Designers: Jaeyong Lee, Nghia Tran, Lotta Hankimo, Anni Leppanen
My Roles in the team: Design research, service design,Visual design, UI/UX design
Partnership: Verohallinto: Finnish Tax Administration
Vero.fi project was a proposal for Finnish Tax Administration during Information Technology Program (ITP) in Aalto University. To provide life-relevant taxation web services for citizens, our design team created two concepts: Life events for information categorization and My Tax for providing personalized customer-own information and services.
The final proposal was delivered to the organization and has contributed to build the new Vero.fi website.
Background
Verohallinto (the Finnish Tax Administration, Vero) desired to renew their main web page vero.fi in Autumn 2015. As a part of the multidisciplinary Aalto University minor program: Information Technology Program (ITP), our team had a task to redesign the web page and its layout with a specific focus on an individual user’s point of view.
As other European countries do, Finland collects a high-rate taxes from citizens’ income, corporate, property, VAT, pension and church. It is used for running most of crucial parts of the society such as public services, free educations, social security and so on. In that sense, the organization: Verohallinto, which collects the taxes and provides all tax-related services to the citizens has taken a significant role in the society.
Our main challenge was making impactful design ideas that can possibly solve diverse tax issues for citizens while reflecting users' contexts and needs as well as satisfying the goal of the organization: helping citizens to take their responsibilities in an easier way by providing a user-centered E-service.
Design Research
During this project, our team conducted various researches. It consisted of from the desk research investigating the organization and current system of the website to field researches including user interviews, observation, Co-Design workshops and more.

From an interviewee at Kaisaniemi Tax Office
User Persona
Personas that we created based on our researches was used for communication with tax administration to help them understand users’ perspective, as well as guiding our project to user-centeredness. The created personas were used to be dealt with in customer journey, service blueprint and stories.
Co-Design Workshop
Co-design workshop was held 15th of July with 9 participants and 4 facilitators to validate our design ideas and to co-create key web pages with users. During around 2 hours, participants and facilitators had created interesting insights about Vero services and ideas together, and the result was beneficial to move our initial ideas to the more practical level of web service design.
Mood board activity during the workshop; People share their thoughts about taxes in everyday life contexts“I want to delete all the buttons and texts here, and just put two things: ‘individual & companies'.
“Not every Finn wants to be an expert in tax, but we want to fulfill our responsibilities.”
Participants from the co-design workshopDesign Concept
Based on the results of researches, we designed two main concepts: Life events for data categorizing method and My Tax for providing personalized customer-own information and services.
1. Life events
Life events for information categorizationBy organizing information around people’s lives, we feed information right when they need it. They can easily relate themselves to life events, which cause changes in taxation. Then they can feel secured because all taxation issues related to life changes, which are new to them, have been dealt with as one. Furthermore, such life events are really common for everyone such as study, work, retirement or house purchase. By using this life event concept, Verohallinto can provide tailored information with one information architecture system only. To the next level, by knowing what customers are doing in one life event, the system can suggest suitable information and services for it and for the past or coming life events. By following this categorization method, Vero can improve considerably its search engine as well as its artificial-intelligence service.
2. MyTax
While life events concept is a way of organizing information, my tax is way of delivering personalized tax information and services in a tailored ways and as a one-stop shop for every tax related issue for one’s life. My tax provides tax insights of people taxation issues. So they can see how tax changes after their life changes due to life events. Furthermore, my tax provides secured and easy way of applying and managing e-services, communicating with tax officials and masters their taxation efficiently. Further explanation of this concept will be included in prototype demonstration.
Design Outcome
Reorganized information structurePrototype
We created a working prototype based on our wireframes, and it was used to communicate with the organization and to visualize our core concepts.
Working prototype


‘Historic’ 1st visa-free trip by Pole to US mocked as stunt
by VANESSA GERAWARSAW, Poland (AP) - Polish state television’s reporting on the “emotional” and “historic” first visit by a Polish citizen to the United States without need of a visa has faced scrutiny and ridicule after viewers noticed the traveler was one of the broadcaster’s own employees.
The report by broadcaster TVP highlights the extent to which state-run media under the ruling right-wing party, Law and Justice, has been used to trumpet the party’s messages.
In this case, TVP was clearly eager to highlight the entry of Poland on Monday into the U.S. visa-waiver program. It is a hugely popular development with Poles and one the government is claiming as its own success.
TOP STORIES
Adam Schiff cracking under 'point of order' pressure
Nancy Pelosi goes for slam dunk -- and crashes to court
Focus groups show undecided voters think impeachment is going to 'backfire' on Dems
The traveler, Marcin Bakalarski, checked in at Warsaw’s international airport and flew to Los Angeles, where he was greeted by Polish professional basketball player Marcin Gortat, who last played for the Los Angeles Clippers.
“It was a truly historic moment full of emotion,” a TVP reporter on site in Los Angeles reported in a live broadcast on Tuesday. “After an 11-hour flight, it happened. The first Polish citizen in history crossed the border into the United States without a visa.”
Clearly that claim overlooked the many Poles who traveled to the United States in earlier eras, often by ship fleeing hardship at home.
The broadcaster denied manipulating the truth, calling suggestions of a set-up “fake news” and saying it just wanted to show viewers how to fly without a visa to the U.S.
Last week Polish President Andrzej Duda also faced some criticism for his handling of the announcement of the decision that Poland would enter into the visa-waiver program on Monday, the nation’s Independence Day.
He stood at a news conference side-by-side with U.S. Ambassador Georgette Mosbacher to make the announcement. Polish experts on diplomacy said Duda violated diplomatic protocol, which dictates that heads of state do not appear as equals with ambassadors.
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HTML stands for hypertext markup language.
Basically, the internet makes requests to servers via HTTP protocol. HTTP sends back info to the internet/you in your browser.
 Tags that only require an opening tag are called void tags. Otherwise, most tags require both an opening and closing tag. A complete tag is referred to as an attribute.


PROJECT 1
RUN BUDDY
HTML / CSS
A website that offers fitness training services.
Hi, my name is Benjamin Asabir, and i am currently studying to become a web developer. I have always been a fan of the "ins and outs" of how websites and applications work. My goal in the near future is to become a front end web developer, and as i improve my skills work my way toward a full stack developer.
A website that offers fitness training services.
An application that allows users to create tasks with descriptions and due dates.
A simple calendar application that allows a user to save events for each hour of the working day.
A weather dashboard application that will run in the browser and feature dynamically updated HTML,CSS and JS.
Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Sequi neque animi quo cupiditate commodi saepe culpa sed itaque velit maiores optio dolorem excepturi aperiam dolores, voluptatibus suscipit amet quis repellat!
Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Sequi neque animi quo cupiditate commodi saepe culpa sed itaque velit maiores optio dolorem excepturi aperiam dolores, voluptatibus suscipit amet quis repellat!
Any questions or concerns?
Let me know and i'll be happy to talk to you!


Hello, we appreciate your interest in the next generation of blockchain tools that will disrupt the internet monopolies.  Beta test of the platform (!!!!!!!will/has started!!!!!!!!) start on January 3, 2019 - the 10 year anniversary of Bitcoin release. Any coins you earn by posting good content will be owned by you in the live version as well. Join Pocktnet beta test HERE and start owning your content and internet overlords.
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What is HTML
Well HyperText Markup Language aka HTML is a language for creating web pages.  Every web page you come across on the internet contains HTML code. Each image, video and music file are brought to you with help of HTML. Let’s take a better look on HTML and from what it’s made.
For the sake of simplicity from henceforth and further I’ll be typing “html” abbreviation in lower case
First page
Les’s create our first html page !
I’ll be using Sublime Text 3 to create files and edit code.
If you haven’t downloaded it yet - you can do this on their website, there are installations for Windows, Linux and OS X.
But remember that you always can use editor which you wan’t to - this is totally okay !
Remember to save your html files with .html
extension !
Than if we drag and drop our newly crafted html file into the browser we’ll see nothing but and empty page
And the other way you can do it - is by right-click on html file and open it with browser you prefer
Basic structure
Even the simplest html page have some requirements to its structure.
Long story short, let’s look at it:
Right, so this is the very basic html structure. You might be surprised with all that weird brackets and words - no problem, let’s split them up !
The tags
First what we see is <!DOCTYPE html>
- shortly, this how we describe the html that will be used in our page. You can get more info about it on this StackOverflow answer.
Then we see
tag, but please notice that we have same tag with slash in the end:
.
This is how most html tags works - they get “opened”
and closed
. We open them by putting in arrow brackets<like this>
and close it to with arrow brackets but we add slash symbol: </like this>
.
But keep in mind that html have some self closing tags, which we don’t have to close, I’ll tell you about them a bit later.
One more thing about html tags is that they can be nested, which means we can put tag in the tag in the tag in the tag…
You’ve got the idea.
So, everything what we’ll put between html tag is going to be processed with our browser.
And and this point we just got ourselves to our first nested tag -
.
Head tag it is just like
tag - not self closing, which means we have to close it on our own.
In html language
is responsible for many things like connecting style files and other code to our page and “talking” with browser.
And for now we only need the only one tag in head which is <title>
.
On W3C page we can see that
The
<title>
element defines a title in the browser toolbar
And this is 100% right. Whe we put some text in the <title>
tag we see this text in the browser tab name.
Let’s add some name for our webpage.
Watch the changes
So I wan’t you to put some text in <title></title>
tag, I’ll do it like this:
<title>My Website</title>
And then I’ll save changed I did by pressing hotkey Ctrl + S
- which as you may know saves changes we did to file.
Now we can refresh browser page by hitting F5
in the browser, and look - we now have a name for our website !
Don’t forget to save changes you did before you refresh browser page
Headlines
Now, when we get familiar with editing html code let’s move next to the
tag.
Usually all text and tags you place inside body can be seen by you or other users, except some cases when we wan’t to excplitcly hide our content.
So let’s begin with headlines. Headlines are used to define and divide sections of your website, they appear as big or even huge text, just like these which you can see in this post.
There are six headline tags in html -
...

is the biggest,
...

is smallest,
...

and
...

are medium sized.
I’ll create huge headline with “Welcome to my website” text, so now my code looks like this:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>My Website</title>

Welcome to my website

And this is new look of my webpage
Feel free to play with different size of headlines and don’t forget to save changes before refreshing your page and don’t forget to </close> tags !
Text formatting
It’s time to get familiar with text formatting in html, you’ll learn how create bold, italic and strike through text.
Here is our heroes:
| bold text | ... |
| italic text | ... |
| strike through | <s>...</s> |
Let’s add this tags into the body with some text, we’ll see them on the page.
From now I’ll be using another presentation mode, so you have to click “Result” to see, ehm, result.
You see that text have different styles, but as you might notice - in html we wrote each tag on new line, but in the browser they are all on the same line, not okay !
The reason this happens is because browser ignores our line breaks, but don’t worry, html have appropriate solution for this:
Our day saver is

tag which stands for “break line”, and the other curious thing about it -

is self closing tag.
I guess it is better just show you how it works:
Much better isn’t it ?
Well one thing I wan’t to clarify about self closing tags - is we actually “close” them but in another way. All we do is just adding slash symbol before right-looking arrow bracket, like <this/>
Try to place

in different places in the body so you can get familiar with it:
Text coloring
Now when we know how to create html page, add some styling to our text, and write headlines of all sizes let’s play with texts color !
For this purpose we have tag called ...
which fortunately have comprehensive name.
 But you don't ask with respect
Right, we need to tell that we want colored text and specify the color we want.
In html this kind of things are possible with… attributes !
As you can see we use color attribute This is much better
for the font tag.
Attributes are placed in the opening tag, we don’t write them in the closing tag and certainly don’t close attributes, keep that in mind.
Attributes, themselves, have really simple structure they have name="and value"
, nothing complex.
Oh, remember that tags can be nested ?
But of course red color isn’t the only one you can use, you might type green, blue, purple - any color you want to.
And here is link to the list of color names on W3C school website try some of them !
Links
Let’s try something more interesting than just coloring text. Every webpage have links, which brings you to other website in the internet, so let’s add some !
Link could be created this way:
I'll take you to the
Link have required href
attribute which tells where it leads, and between ...
tags you write text which be displayed as link, like this:
Also if you create another html file e.g. second-page.html
near your index.html
file
This way you can create link to second-page.html
:
Link to second page
Conclusion
Phew, this was a long ride, but you did it !
At this point you now how to create formatted text, insert links, get text colored and use huge headlines.
There’s more to come - in my further posts I’ll show you some other tags, techniques and Sublime Text 3 features.
Stay tuned and thank you !


jQuery Visualize Plugin
Winter
Summer
Spring
Fall
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday


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main page
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search for
Generated on Wed Nov 1 15:04:54 2006 for Gecode by
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Direct modelling
[
Functionality by programming task
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Collaboration diagram for Direct modelling:
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Boolean expressions and relations
Posting of expressions and relations
Arithmetic functions
Aliases for integer constraints
Alternative interfaces to scheduling constraints
Matrix interface for arrays


Hot Restaurant
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Support
Need help with your hanger? You’re in the right place.
Frequently Asked Questions
I can really just print some food when I’m feeling hangry?
Oh yeah. Any time you feel that familiar hanger feeling, just hit the print button to quell that angry feeling deep down inside.
How does it work?
Our patented 3D-printing technology transforms delicious non-parishable soy protein into shapes that totally look like real food. We think it’s pretty cool.
I’m really hangry. Is there a printing limit?
Print as much and as often as you like, you hangry beast. Our automated drone swarm (now with over 50% accuracy) will refill your printer supplies when they’re low. Just leave a window open.
Where can I find nutritional information?
Legally, we’re not allowed to call our products food. Think of it as a mystery, wrapped in an enigma, wrapped in a hot dog.
Pressing buttons is hard. Is there an easier way to order?
We hear you, Mr. or Mrs. Lazy-Pants. Just send a hot dog Emoji (🌭) to 555-HOT-DOGS and one of our automated drones will deliver a sizzling hanger-buster right to your mouth.


Evaluate the following expressions when AN = A
and BN = B
.
plus( A_COEFF + AN, B_COEFF + BN, CONSTANT )
SOLUTION
Plug in A
for AN
and B
for BN
.
= (A_COEFF) \cdot
(A)
+ (B_COEFF) \cdot
(B)
+ CONSTANT
=
A_COEFF * A
+ B_COEFF * B
+ CONSTANT
= SOLUTION
plus( A_COEFF + AN + "^2", B_COEFF + BN, CONSTANT )
Plug in A
for AN
and B
for BN
.
= (A_COEFF) \cdot
(A)^2
+ (B_COEFF) \cdot
(B)
+ CONSTANT
=
A_COEFF * A * A
+ B_COEFF * B
+ CONSTANT
= SOLUTION


To enable the merge cells feature, set the mergeCells
option to be true
or an
array.
To initialize Handsontable with predefined merged cells, provide merged cells details in form of an
array:
mergeCells: [{row: 1, col: 1, rowspan: 2, colspan: 2}]


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Heeft u een vraag? Hulp nodig? Meet contact met ons op.


Can I acquire an expensive car like a mercedes or ferrari?
The answer is yes. If there is another car owner willing to exchange their car for another.
We also have a vast range of the following car brands:
We are a company that puts customers first. Under the Carshare agreement, client personal damage to the vehicle are to be taken care by the company under a 1 month grace period. Any excessive damage done to the vehicle will reduce or possibly even remove the grace period, meaning the client will have to fix the damages dones.
How many car exchanges am I allowed?
The answer is dependent on you yourself. Damages done is the responsibility of yourself.
What happens if the car breaks down or is faulty?
That is not the fault of the customers. That issue will be dealt with the previous car owner. That is a violation of the Carshare contract. We will deal with the issue/complaint and replace your car. The customer is always right.
What happens if i need to change plans?
You can change plans anytime. Just visit a nearby Carshare company organisation.