Hi, I'm Shesan. I am a programmer from Ontario, Canada and I'm a second year software engineering student at McMaster University. I have been programming for about 3 years, and I really enjoy working with Python, Java & JavaScript. I am currently working on my machine learning skills as well as working with the full stack.
I code alot of cool things in my free time, you can check out some of my work below. Outside of programming I have hobbies such as playing chess and playing the piano. If you want to know more about me or just want to say hi, feel free to send me a message below.


The winter of 1949-50
††††††††††† This was the hardest winter that I have ever experienced.† It was normal for the snow to fall deeper than the normal fences and in most years the schools would have to be closed for a few days because the buses could not get through due to roads being closed from winter storms.† I believe that is was after the Christmas Holidays that the storms started in and just continued for over three weeks.† The snow had long before covered the fences and now continued to pile up.† Shortly after Christmas, my sister Margaret and her husband Dean and daughter Cheryl had gone to Idaho Falls, along with another couple, friends.†
††††††††††† When the storms got worse they started back to the Valley.† They got as far as Teton and stopped at Uncle Lee and Aunt Welma.† There they found out that the road into the valley was closed with snow. †
††††††††††† Cheryl was only a baby at this time.† Uncle Lee and Aunt Welma had only a small basement home, so with their family, consisting of them and 5 children, and then add four more adults and a baby, to say the least it was crowded.† The snow was so deep that they couldnít go anywhere except to walk a block to town.† Town consisted of a gas station/grocery store, a post office and a pool hall.† Uncle Lee could walk to the barn to take care of the animals but that was about it.
 On the news, they got the report that the road to the valley had been opened.† They quickly packed up and ran for the car.† They said goodbye to Uncle Lee and Aunt Welma and left.† When Aunt Welma re-enter the house the radio reported, a travelers warning, that the road had again blown closed and no one should try driving to the valley.† Uncle Lee ran back outside but it was too late, for they had gone out of sight.
††††††††††† Aunt Welma called our house to let Mom know that they had left and what the News had reported.† Mom called Deanís mother to let them know the situation.† Deanís step-father also worked for the High Way Road Department, I believe he was the Supervisor of the Road crew.† He therefore immediately started the road crews and equipment to work on reopening the road.† Plows could not push through the snow so they started with the huge rotary snow blowers.† The concern however was that with the snow being so deep, it would cover a stalled car.† The road crew therefore had men on snowshoes walk ahead of the plows with long probing polls, shoving them deep into the snow, hoping to locate any covered vehicle. The next big concern, was could they keep air into the car if it was covered with snow.
††††††††††† By morning the storm subsided and that made work go much faster.† By early afternoon Dean and the other man skied into the valley for help.† They had both became snow blind due to the sun shining.† They reported that they had left the car at day break; that they had been able to drive past the Green Canon Bridge plus another couple of miles, when they came upon another car that had slid sidewardís and blocked the road.† The other car had a couple and a baby in it.† They got all six adults and two babies in to Deanís car, where they stayed warn and kept an passage open to the surface, both for air and escape.† With the report of approximate location of the stranded cars, the road crews were able to move faster.† By evening the cars were located and everyone brought back into the valley.†
††††††††††† Another interesting side event to this rescue:† was at that period of time, all phone calls out side of the valley were long distant calls and had to be connected by an operator.† Also our phone lines were party lines and so there was three to six families all using the same line.† From the first call from Aunt Welma, the operators, kept all lines connecting our place, Aunt Welmaís, Deanís parents and Aunt Vidaís lines open so that if anyone of those homes picked up the receiver, an operator was there to connect to anywhere they wanted.† As far as I know, there were no charges for that service.
††††††††††† A second story relating to that winter happened a couple of week after schools had been closed.† Dad had pigs at his slaughter house which was located one mile outside of town.† Dad became concerned that the pigs would be out of feed and possible unable to get to the creek for water.† He and I loaded three, 100 lb bags of wheat on to our toboggan.† We rapped our legs with burlap sacks, over our winter clothes and pulled the toboggan one block to the road that went west of town, to the slaughter house.† That was not to bad of a pull as teams of horses and slays had kept the main street somewhat open, but all other roads were snow bound.† As we turned west, Dan and I would crawl to the end of Dadís lariat, which was tied to the rope of the toboggan.† We would both then pull until we got the toboggan to us.† The first pull was so hard that we took one bag off and did it again.† That pull was still too hard so we rolled another bag off.† We continued that way to the slaughter house.† We were both exhausted and soaked to the skin by the time we got there.
††††††††††† Just before we had got to the slaughter house, we met men, using three teams of horses, on a bob slay, trying to get milk from the farmers into the creamery.† They had started before daylight and it was now mid-afternoon.† Dad spoke to some of the men as they let the horses rest.† They had gone about half way out on the normal milk route and then started back to town picking up the milk cans.† They had picked up 2 and Ĺ layers of cans and found that the horses could not pull the bob slay that heavy, so they started unloading can to lighten the load.† By the time we met them they had only Ĺ a layer of cans left and the teams were done in.† I donít remember seeing any more stacks of milk cans along the way back so they must have made it with a few cans.
††††††††††† At the slaughter house dad made a fire in the stove and had me warm up and we dried our wet clothes.† We dumped the grain into the feeder, and got the pigs up to the feeder.† We also shoveled a path for them to get to the creek for water.† After getting dry and dressed warm we again crawled back to town although we didnít have to take anything back with us and we could somewhat follow the bob slay tracks.
††††††††††† At the end of being snowed in for three weeks, the 1st Class Mail was flown in and dropped by parachute.† The three stores, which were in town, looked like they had moved out and left one or two cans of odd type food behind on the shelves.
††††††††††† The snow became so deep that we were warned, to stay away from the power lines.† It was reported that some cattle had been electrocuted because of walking into the power lines.† When the road that went by the slaughter house was finally opened the snow banks had been pushed so high that Irven and I had climes to the top and looked down on the top of a school bus as it went by.† Craig Shermanís mother, my age, has a picture of her sitting on the top of a telephone post with her feet on the snow.† The snow was so high on the roof of our house that Dad laid a 2 X 12 from the snow to the eve of the roof and we walked across it and shoveled the snow off the roof.
††††††††††† We missed over five weeks of school year.


A work-in-progress n64 emulator. Info
Some early N64 games are running now, albeit at a relatively low framerate. Here's a rough feature matirx showing what's been implemented:
| CPU | Mostly implemented |
| TLB | Mostly implemented |
| Controller | Mostly implemented |
| Graphics - GBI0 | Mostly implemented |
| Graphics - GBI1 | Partially implemented |
| Graphics - GBI2 | Not implemented |
| Audio | Not implemented |
| Save - Eeprom4k | Implemented |
| Save - Eeprom4k | Not implemented |
| Save - SRAM | Not implemented |
| Save - FlashRAM | Not implemented |
| Save - Mempack | Not implemented |
I did some quick testing on OSX 10.8:
| Chrome | 21.0.1180.79 or later should be ok - I've been doing most of my development in Chrome. |
| Firefox | The release channel (14.0.1 at the time of writing) doesn't work right now (DataView), but the latest Nightlies (17.01a) seem to work |
| Safari | 6.0 doesn't seem to work. I haven't tried with the latest nightlies |
Tweet me if you have any additional info.
| N64 | Keyboard |
|---|---|
| Start | A |
| A | S |
| B | X |
| Z | Z |
| L | C |
| R | V |
| DPad Up | T |
| DPad Down | G |
| DPad Left | F |
| DPad Right | H |
| C Up | I |
| C Down | K |
| C Left | J |
| C Right | L |
n64js is based on Daedalus, an emulator I started writing while I was at university under a pseudonym of StrmnNrmn. I've worked on Daedalus intermittantly ever since, but life and work have limited the time I've been able to spend on the project in the past few years. The project lives on due to the excellent work of everyone at DaedalusX. In particular, Kreationz, Wally, Corn, Salvy all deserve great credit for keeping the project going.
By @HulkHolden. Blog. Code. Videos.


|
GML
Library
|
A Quaternion struct used to represent 3D rotations. More...
#include <quaternion.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| Vector3 | xyz () const |
| Constructs and returns a Vector3 from the x, y, and z components of the Quaternion. More... | |
| Quaternion | conjugate () const |
| Constructs and returns the conjugate of the Quaternion. More... | |
| Quaternion | normal () const |
| Constructs and returns the normalised version of the Quaternion. More... | |
| Quaternion & | normalise () |
| Vector3 | getEulerAngles () const |
| Calculates and returns the Quaternion rotation as a set of Euler angles. More... | |
| Quaternion & | operator= (const Quaternion &rhs) |
| Assigns another set of Quaternion component values to the original. More... | |
| Quaternion & | operator+= (const Quaternion &rhs) |
| Adds another Quaternion to the Quaternion. More... | |
| Quaternion & | operator-= (const Quaternion &rhs) |
| Subtracts one Quaternion from the Quaternion. More... | |
| Quaternion & | operator *= (const Quaternion &rhs) |
| Multiplies two quaternion rotations together. More... | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static Quaternion | fromEulerAngles (const Vector3 &eulerAngles) |
| Constructs a Quaternion from a specific set of Euler angles. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| float | w = 0.0f |
| The w component of the Quaternion. | |
| float | x = 0.0f |
| The x component of the Quaternion. | |
| float | y = 0.0f |
| The y component of the Quaternion. | |
| float | z = 0.0f |
| The z component of the Quaternion. | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static Quaternion | identity = { 1, 0, 0, 0 } |
| A static Quaternion with all components set to 0.0f, except from w, which is set to 1.0f. | |
A Quaternion struct used to represent 3D rotations.
Definition at line 15 of file quaternion.hpp.
| Quaternion gml::Quaternion::conjugate | ( | ) | const |
Constructs and returns the conjugate of the Quaternion.
Definition at line 17 of file quaternion.cpp.
|
static |
Constructs a Quaternion from a specific set of Euler angles.
| eulerAngles | A Vector3 with X, Y, and Z Euler angles in radians. |
Definition at line 78 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Vector3 gml::Quaternion::getEulerAngles | ( | ) | const |
Calculates and returns the Quaternion rotation as a set of Euler angles.
Definition at line 38 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Quaternion gml::Quaternion::normal | ( | ) | const |
Constructs and returns the normalised version of the Quaternion.
Definition at line 27 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Quaternion & gml::Quaternion::normalise | ( | ) |
\breif Normalises the Quaternion.
Definition at line 33 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Quaternion & gml::Quaternion::operator *= | ( | const Quaternion & | rhs | ) |
Multiplies two quaternion rotations together.
Multiplying two quaternion rotations together this way results in a Quaternion that is the combination of the two Quaternion operand's roations.
| rhs | A Quaternion that will be multiplied with the left Quaternion operand. |
Definition at line 73 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Quaternion & gml::Quaternion::operator+= | ( | const Quaternion & | rhs | ) |
Adds another Quaternion to the Quaternion.
| rhs | A Quaternion to add to the left Quaternion operand. |
Definition at line 55 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Quaternion & gml::Quaternion::operator-= | ( | const Quaternion & | rhs | ) |
Subtracts one Quaternion from the Quaternion.
| rhs | A Quaternion to subtract from the left Quaternion operand. |
Definition at line 64 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Quaternion & gml::Quaternion::operator= | ( | const Quaternion & | rhs | ) |
Assigns another set of Quaternion component values to the original.
| rhs | A Quaternion whose values will be assigned to the original. |
Definition at line 46 of file quaternion.cpp.
| Vector3 gml::Quaternion::xyz | ( | ) | const |
Constructs and returns a Vector3 from the x, y, and z components of the Quaternion.
Definition at line 12 of file quaternion.cpp.


`step_select_boruta` creates a *specification* of a recipe step that selects a subset of predictors using the Boruta feature selection approach.
step_select_boruta( recipe, ..., outcome = NULL, role = "predictor", trained = FALSE, exclude = NULL, options = list(pValue = 0.01, mcAdj = TRUE, maxRuns = 100), res = NULL, skip = FALSE, id = recipes::rand_id("select_boruta") ) # S3 method for step_select_boruta tidy(x, ...)
| recipe | A recipe object. The step will be added to the sequence of operations for this recipe. |
|---|---|
| ... | One or more selector functions to choose which variables are affected by the step. See selections() for more details. For the tidy method, these are not currently used. |
| outcome | A character string with the name of the response variable to use to calculate the feature importance scores. |
| role | Not used by this step since no new variables are created. |
| trained | A logical to indicate if the quantities for preprocessing have been estimated. |
| exclude | A character vector of predictor names that will be removed from the data. This will be set when `prep()` is used on the recipe and should not be set by the user. |
| options | A list of options to pass to `Boruta::Boruta()`. The defaults use Boruta's defaults. *Note* that `x` and `y` should not be passed here. |
| res | The `Boruta::Boruta` object is stored here once this preprocessing step has been trained by `prep.recipe()`. |
| skip | A logical. Should the step be skipped when the recipe is baked by bake.recipe()? While all operations are baked when prep.recipe() is run, some operations may not be able to be conducted on new data (e.g. processing the outcome variable(s)). Care should be taken when using skip = TRUE as it may affect the computations for subsequent operations. |
| id | A character string that is unique to this step to identify it. |
| x | A `step_select_boruta` object. |
a `step_select_boruta` object.
library(recipes) library(parsnip) # load the example iris dataset data(cells, package = "modeldata") # create a preprocessing recipe rec <- recipe(class ~ ., data = cells[, -1]) %>% step_select_boruta(all_predictors(), outcome = "class") prepped <- prep(rec) preproc_data <- juice(prepped) prepped#> Data Recipe #> #> Inputs: #> #> role #variables #> outcome 1 #> predictor 56 #> #> Training data contained 2019 data points and no missing data. #> #> Operations: #> #> Boruta feature selection (5 excluded)


Language
It was somewhere in the wafting atmosphere born by lit joints and wheezing smoke machines that, ironically, my head found my shoulders.
I stood amongst a crowd of concert-goers. Some were content to live in the moment with bodies asway and eyes closed while each loud bass kick sent a visible ripple of sheer ecstasy through their bodies. Others were content to merely record the moment, faces hid behind lit phone and camera screens watching the event that unfolded before them in the third-person.
I couldn’t bring myself to be the latter for more than a second. I knew I was in the midst of a dream, and I didn’t want to surrender even a moment of it for the sake of reliving it later.
For the first time in years, I wanted the present to remain the present. I dreamed not of the future nor was subjugated by the past. I was living, and cherishing, the present as it unfolded.
Damning thing about the present, though, is that you can’t control its speed.
We had separated for the moment, and I schmoozed with the crowd around me to find that feeling of comfort and effortless companionship I’d enjoyed moments prior. Some considered me a schmoozer by trade, but the reality was that I felt truly comfortable with very few.
After enjoying another of the DJ’s serenades, I decided to replenish my liquids, so I slowly made my way through the tightly-packed crowd towards the bar, accidentally rubbing and being rubbed against hungrily by Mollys as though I were the baggy they were passing around earlier in the evening. When I finally emerged from the amoebic body of dancers, I was able to take but a breath before finding myself again in the midst of a schmooze.
“Bro!”, he yelled as he approached me. Spilly, I’d dubbed him, had spilt a drink on me earlier in the night, and he quickly made reparations by buying me one at the time. Feeling content to play my role as high-rolling schmoozer, I returned him the favour in good humor.
For the moment, we bonded, and when he asked me if I knew where to score some drugs, I found myself surprisingly contented — it was a quick hit of camaraderie, my drug of choice.
Little did I know I’d get it in spades one second later, as two British girls spotted me and immediately grabbed me by the arm while spouting words that I could neither hear nor understand. I, easily charmed, followed along. It was only after one latched herself around me and warmed my neck with her breath that I understood: they’d found, as she put it, “my girl”, and they were trying to reunite us.
The beginning of “Language”, the headlining track of the entire event, had started playing at this point.
The girls dragged me back into the center of the dance floor, searching for their friends who were with “my girl”. They led me by the hand, and for the time being, I regressed to boyhood, being led blindly by strangers with the trust that I’d find home again after becoming lost.
Weaving through the crowd, they carved a path towards home. They pushed. They pulled. They frantically searched around. We couldn’t find them. We couldn’t find her friends. We went right. We went left. We used people as reference. There, by the weird hat guy! No, there, by Glowsticks McGee! No! We’ll find them! Hope. We’ll never find them. Despair. Come this way, she yelled. Then, no no, that way. It was hopeless; it’s not hopeless! And then, she’d screamed, Oh my god, there they are!
The crowd opened to reveal what it held as a pearl in its clamshell, and there she was: a brilliant starburst piercing through the darkness of the club floor.
How I long to be able to freeze that moment as a tableau forevermore. The crowd held still; the once-schizophrenic lights statically targeting a single point; airborne and askew glowsticks hovering motionlessly; smiles, laughs, cheers — all held in stasis. It is eerily quiet and yet appropriately devoid of distraction.
We stand across from one another, my face reflecting the surprise upon our nigh-infinite separation coming to a welcome end. But hers is what I want to remember. Eyes alight, grin forming, hair jostled perfectly as to suggest excitement, body mid-stride towards me and only me.
We were flawed in many ways. We’d each our own bank’s worth of insecurities, issues, regrets, and torments, locked safely behind vault doors to which we held the combinations dear. We were on two seperate vectors of life.
But in that moment of intersection, that simple and glorious second, we were perfection incarnate. We were whole and again together, free from any thought or worry or strife or preoccupation other than the euphoric glory of having found the one we lost. It was a high the likes of which no manmade substance nor product of nature can offer — the type of moment, the only type, with the power to create and destroy love.
It was that moment, that 100% perfect moment, I wished to freeze. But alas, such power is a fantasy, and I knew it. I reluctantly let myself slip from that state of stasis to give time its due right to proceed just as the crescendo of event’s title track enacted the synesthesia that would, to my great surprise and delight and eternal gratefulness, freeze the moment forever in my mind.
“Let me float back to the place you found me. I’ll be okay.”


Class List
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Across: 7. Turning heart of Jekyll, acid (as many do) really not disappointing, having purpose of overcoming natural resistance (15) 9. Divvying up accommodation (10) 10. Music with jiving and zig zagging leads (4) 11. Country atmosphere embraced in final stages of craze (5) 12. Make less noise about tangled briar; just use this for untangling (9) 14. Bit of egg taking up place of sauces in vessels (7) 16. I met a source of musical inspiration (4 3) 19. Composition gains true mark of identity (9) 21. Arthritic guy to twist (5) 24. Numerous musicians are thus labelled cadavers essentially (4) 25. Decorates more bride's stuff? (10) 26. Corner pins point the wrong way ... you don't need written instructions for this sort of fix! (15) Down: 1. Moderate tear? Glue bits together (8) 2. One who makes careful study about love is less successful (6) 3. Some sexy lemurs that get juices flowing up trees (5) 4. Small country, one squeezed by two forms of containment (7) 5. 'F' used a lot on keyboard (9) 6. Royal cloaked in senior rank that is princess of Scotland (8) 8. Installs Windows, but no good (doesn't work!) (5) 13. Crumbling in awe at her education (9) 15. Trick lure makes for lack of respect (8) 17. South is excluded from Northern Irish one, or hidden (8) 18. Musician's brother taking turn with another musician (7) 20. Did a hospital conceal the state of nearly two million Americans? (5) 22. Uneven, it may ultimately be 13/8 rhythm perhaps? (6) 23. Source of milk alternative lifting GI in those embracing Asian health regime (5)


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| 012:031 Khan | : |
So when she heard of their accusation, she sent for them and prepared a banquet for them; she gave each one of them a knife (to cut the foodstuff with), and she said [(to Yusuf (Joseph)]: "Come out before them."  They said: "How perfect is Allah (or Allah forbid)! No man is this! This is none other than a noble angel!" |
| 012:031 Maulana | : |
So when she heard of their device, she sent for them and prepared for them a repast, and gave each of them a knife, and said (to Joseph): Come out to them. So when they saw him, they deemed him great, and cut their hands (in amazement), and said: Holy Allah! This is not a mortal! This is but a noble angel. |
| 012:031 Pickthal | : |
And when she heard of their sly talk, she sent to them and prepared for them a cushioned couch (to lie on at the feast) and gave to every one of them a knife and said (to Joseph): Come out unto them! And when they saw him they exalted him and cut their hands, exclaiming: Allah Blameless! This is no a human being. This is not other than some gracious angel. |
| 012:031 Rashad | : |
When she heard of their gossip, she invited them, prepared for them a comfortable place, and gave each of them a knife. She then said to him, "Enter their room." When they saw him, they so admired him, that they cut their hands. They said, "Glory be to GOD, this is not a human being; this is an honorable angel." |
| 012:031 Sarwar | : |
When she heard their gossiping, she invited them to her house for a banquet and gave a knife to each of them. Then she told Joseph to appear before them. When they saw Joseph, they were so amazed that they cut their hands and said, "Goodness gracious! He is not a mortal but is a charming angel!". |
| 012:031 Shakir | : |
So when she heard of their sly talk she sent for them and prepared for them a repast, and gave each of them a knife, and said (to Yusuf): Come forth to them. So when they saw him, they deemed him great, and cut their hands (in amazement), and said: Remote is Allah (from inperfection); this is not a mortal; this is but a noble angel. |
| 012:031 Sherali | : |
And when she heard of their sly whisperings, she sent for them and prepared for them a repast, and gave everyone of them a knife and then said to Joseph, 'Come forth to them.' And when they saw him they found him to be a person of great dignity and in their amazement cut their hands, and said, ALLAH be glorified ! This is not a human being; this is but a noble angel.' |
| 012:031 Yusufali | : |
When she heard of their malicious talk, she sent for them and prepared a banquet for them: she gave each of them a knife: and she said (to Joseph), "Come out before them." When they saw him, they did extol him, and (in their amazement) cut their hands: they said, "Allah preserve us! no mortal is this! this is none other than a noble angel!" |
Concepts/Themes Covered:
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


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{% endfor %}Dispense testing: {{plate.library}}: {% if plate.name%}{{plate.name}}{% endif%}({{plate.barcode}})
Mapping file: {{filename}}
| Source well | Compound.code | Destination well |
|---|
| Source well | Compound.code | Destination well |
|---|---|---|
| {{sw}} | {{c}} | {{dw}} |
| Source well | Compound.code | Destination well |
|---|


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URL:www.productdomain.com Group:General group Note:Web content such as HTML pages, JavaScript files, images and other resources is located in the htmlroot directory.
URL:www.productdomain.com Group:General group Note:Web content such as HTML pages, JavaScript files, images and other resources is located in the htmlroot directory.
URL:www.productdomain.com Group:General group Note:Web content such as HTML pages, JavaScript files, images and other resources is located in the htmlroot directory.
URL:www.productdomain.com Group:General group Note:Web content such as HTML pages, JavaScript files, images and other resources is located in the htmlroot directory.
URL:www.productdomain.com Group:General group Note:Web content such as HTML pages, JavaScript files, images and other resources is located in the htmlroot directory.
URL:www.productdomain.com Group:General group Note:Web content such as HTML pages, JavaScript files, images and other resources is located in the htmlroot directory.


The latest Go release, version 1.8, arrives six months after Go 1.7. Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. There are two minor changes to the language specification. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
The release adds support for 32-bit MIPS, updates the compiler back end to generate more efficient code, reduces GC pauses by eliminating stop-the-world stack rescanning, adds HTTP/2 Push support, adds HTTP graceful shutdown, adds more context support, enables profiling mutexes, and simplifies sorting slices.
When explicitly converting a value from one struct type to another, as of Go 1.8 the tags are ignored. Thus two structs that differ only in their tags may be converted from one to the other:
func example() { type T1 struct { X int `json:"foo"` } type T2 struct { X int `json:"bar"` } var v1 T1 var v2 T2 v1 = T1(v2) // now legal }
The language specification now only requires that implementations support up to 16-bit exponents in floating-point constants.
This does not affect either the “gc
” or
gccgo
compilers, both of which still support 32-bit exponents.
Go now supports 32-bit MIPS on Linux for both big-endian (
linux/mips
) and little-endian machines (
linux/mipsle
) that implement the MIPS32r1 instruction set with FPU or kernel FPU emulation. Note that many
common MIPS-based routers lack an FPU and have firmware that doesn't enable kernel FPU emulation; Go won't run on such
machines.
On DragonFly BSD, Go now requires DragonFly 4.4.4 or later.
On OpenBSD, Go now requires OpenBSD 5.9 or later.
The Plan 9 port's networking support is now much more complete and matches the behavior of Unix and Windows with respect to deadlines and cancelation. For Plan 9 kernel requirements, see the Plan 9 wiki page.
Go 1.8 now only supports OS X 10.8 or later. This is likely the last Go release to support 10.8. Compiling Go or running binaries on older OS X versions is untested.
Go 1.8 will be the last release to support Linux on ARMv5E and ARMv6 processors: Go 1.9 will likely require the ARMv6K (as
found in the Raspberry Pi 1) or later. To identify whether a Linux system is ARMv6K or later, run “
go
tool
dist
-check-armv6k
” (to facilitate testing, it is also possible
to just copy the dist
command to the system without installing a full copy of Go 1.8) and if the program
terminates with output "ARMv6K supported." then the system implements ARMv6K or later. Go on non-Linux ARM systems already
requires ARMv6K or later.
There are some instabilities on FreeBSD and NetBSD that are known but not understood. These can lead to program crashes in rare cases. See issue 15658 and issue 16511. Any help in solving these issues would be appreciated.
For 64-bit x86 systems, the following instructions have been added:
VBROADCASTSD
,
BROADCASTSS
,
MOVDDUP
,
MOVSHDUP
,
MOVSLDUP
,
VMOVDDUP
,
VMOVSHDUP
, and
VMOVSLDUP
.
For 64-bit PPC systems, the common vector scalar instructions have been added:
LXS
,
LXSDX
,
LXSI
,
LXSIWAX
,
LXSIWZX
,
LXV
,
LXVD2X
,
LXVDSX
,
LXVW4X
,
MFVSR
,
MFVSRD
,
MFVSRWZ
,
MTVSR
,
MTVSRD
,
MTVSRWA
,
MTVSRWZ
,
STXS
,
STXSDX
,
STXSI
,
STXSIWX
,
STXV
,
STXVD2X
,
STXVW4X
,
XSCV
,
XSCVDPSP
,
XSCVDPSPN
,
XSCVDPSXDS
,
XSCVDPSXWS
,
XSCVDPUXDS
,
XSCVDPUXWS
,
XSCVSPDP
,
XSCVSPDPN
,
XSCVSXDDP
,
XSCVSXDSP
,
XSCVUXDDP
,
XSCVUXDSP
,
XSCVX
,
XSCVXP
,
XVCV
,
XVCVDPSP
,
XVCVDPSXDS
,
XVCVDPSXWS
,
XVCVDPUXDS
,
XVCVDPUXWS
,
XVCVSPDP
,
XVCVSPSXDS
,
XVCVSPSXWS
,
XVCVSPUXDS
,
XVCVSPUXWS
,
XVCVSXDDP
,
XVCVSXDSP
,
XVCVSXWDP
,
XVCVSXWSP
,
XVCVUXDDP
,
XVCVUXDSP
,
XVCVUXWDP
,
XVCVUXWSP
,
XVCVX
,
XVCVXP
,
XXLAND
,
XXLANDC
,
XXLANDQ
,
XXLEQV
,
XXLNAND
,
XXLNOR
,
XXLOR
,
XXLORC
,
XXLORQ
,
XXLXOR
,
XXMRG
,
XXMRGHW
,
XXMRGLW
,
XXPERM
,
XXPERMDI
,
XXSEL
,
XXSI
,
XXSLDWI
,
XXSPLT
, and
XXSPLTW
.
The yacc
tool (previously available by running “
go
tool
yacc
”) has been removed. As of Go 1.7 it was no longer used by the Go
compiler. It has moved to the “tools” repository and is now available at
golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goyacc
.
The fix
tool has a new “context
” fix to change imports from “golang.org/x/net/context
”
to “context
”.
The pprof
tool can now profile TLS servers and skip certificate validation by using the “https+insecure
”
URL scheme.
The callgrind output now has instruction-level granularity.
The trace
tool has a new -pprof
flag for producing pprof-compatible blocking and latency profiles
from an execution trace.
Garbage collection events are now shown more clearly in the execution trace viewer. Garbage collection activity is shown on its own row and GC helper goroutines are annotated with their roles.
Vet is stricter in some ways and looser where it previously caused false positives.
Vet now checks for copying an array of locks, duplicate JSON and XML struct field tags, non-space-separated struct tags,
deferred calls to HTTP Response.Body.Close
before checking errors, and indexed arguments in Printf
.
It also improves existing checks.
Go 1.7 introduced a new compiler back end for 64-bit x86 systems. In Go 1.8, that back end has been developed further and is now used for all architectures.
The new back end, based on static single assignment form (SSA), generates more compact, more efficient code and provides a better platform for optimizations such as bounds check elimination. The new back end reduces the CPU time required by our benchmark programs by 20-30% on 32-bit ARM systems. For 64-bit x86 systems, which already used the SSA back end in Go 1.7, the gains are a more modest 0-10%. Other architectures will likely see improvements closer to the 32-bit ARM numbers.
The temporary -ssa=0
compiler flag introduced in Go 1.7 to disable the new back end has been removed in
Go 1.8.
In addition to enabling the new compiler back end for all systems, Go 1.8 also introduces a new compiler front end. The new compiler front end should not be noticeable to users but is the foundation for future performance work.
The compiler and linker have been optimized and run faster in this release than in Go 1.7, although they are still slower than we would like and will continue to be optimized in future releases. Compared to the previous release, Go 1.8 is about 15% faster.
The Go tool now remembers the value of the CGO_ENABLED
environment variable set during make.bash
and applies it to all future compilations by default to fix issue #12808.
When doing native compilation, it is rarely necessary to explicitly set the CGO_ENABLED
environment variable
as make.bash
will detect the correct setting automatically. The main reason to explicitly set the CGO_ENABLED
environment variable is when your environment supports cgo, but you explicitly do not want cgo support, in which case,
set
CGO_ENABLED=0
during make.bash
or all.bash
.
The environment variable PKG_CONFIG
may now be used to set the program to run to handle #cgo
pkg-config
directives. The default is pkg-config
, the program always used by earlier releases.
This is intended to make it easier to cross-compile
cgo code.
The cgo tool now supports a -srcdir
option, which is used by the go command.
If cgo code calls C.malloc
, and
malloc
returns NULL
, the program will now crash with an out of memory error.
C.malloc
will never return nil
. Unlike most C functions, C.malloc
may not be used
in a two-result form returning an errno value.
If cgo is used to call a C function passing a pointer to a C union, and if the C union can contain any pointer values, and if cgo pointer checking is enabled (as it is by default), the union value is now checked for Go pointers.
Due to the alignment of Go's semiannual release schedule with GCC's annual release schedule, GCC release 6 contains the Go 1.6.1 version of gccgo. We expect that the next release, GCC 7, will contain the Go 1.8 version of gccgo.
The
GOPATH
environment variable now has a default value if it is unset. It defaults to
$HOME/go
on Unix and
%USERPROFILE%/go
on Windows.
The “go
get
” command now always respects HTTP proxy environment variables, regardless of whether
the -insecure
flag is used. In previous releases, the
-insecure
flag had the side effect of not using proxies.
The new “
go
bug
” command starts a bug report
on GitHub, prefilled with information about the current system.
The “
go
doc
” command now groups
constants and variables with their type, following the behavior of
godoc
.
In order to improve the readability of doc
's output, each summary of the first-level items is guaranteed
to occupy a single line.
Documentation for a specific method in an interface definition can now be requested, as in “
go
doc
net.Conn.SetDeadline
”.
Go now provides early support for plugins with a “plugin
” build mode for generating plugins written in Go,
and a new plugin
package for loading such plugins at run time. Plugin support
is currently only available on Linux. Please report any issues.
The garbage collector no longer considers arguments live throughout the entirety of a function. For more information,
and for how to force a variable to remain live, see the runtime.KeepAlive
function added in Go 1.7.
Updating: Code that sets a finalizer on an allocated object may need to add calls to runtime.KeepAlive
in functions or methods using that object. Read the
KeepAlive
documentation and its example for more details.
In Go 1.6, the runtime added lightweight, best-effort detection of concurrent misuse of maps. This release improves that detector with support for detecting programs that concurrently write to and iterate over a map.
As always, if one goroutine is writing to a map, no other goroutine should be reading (which includes iterating) or writing the map concurrently. If the runtime detects this condition, it prints a diagnosis and crashes the program. The best way to find out more about the problem is to run the program under the race detector, which will more reliably identify the race and give more detail.
The runtime.MemStats
type has been more thoroughly documented.
As always, the changes are so general and varied that precise statements about performance are difficult to make. Most programs should run a bit faster, due to speedups in the garbage collector and optimizations in the standard library.
There have been optimizations to implementations in the
bytes
,
crypto/aes
,
crypto/cipher
,
crypto/elliptic
,
crypto/sha256
,
crypto/sha512
,
encoding/asn1
,
encoding/csv
,
encoding/hex
,
encoding/json
,
hash/crc32
,
image/color
,
image/draw
,
math
,
math/big
,
reflect
,
regexp
,
runtime
,
strconv
,
strings
,
syscall
,
text/template
, and
unicode/utf8
packages.
Garbage collection pauses should be significantly shorter than they were in Go 1.7, usually under 100 microseconds and often as low as 10 microseconds. See the document on eliminating stop-the-world stack re-scanning for details. More work remains for Go 1.9.
The overhead of deferred function calls has been reduced by about half.
The overhead of calls from Go into C has been reduced by about half.
Examples have been added to the documentation across many packages.
The sort package now includes a convenience function
Slice
to sort a slice given a less function. In many cases this
means that writing a new sorter type is not necessary.
Also new are
SliceStable
and
SliceIsSorted
.
The net/http package now includes a mechanism to send HTTP/2 server pushes from a
Handler
. Similar to the existing Flusher
and Hijacker
interfaces, an HTTP/2
ResponseWriter
now implements the new
Pusher
interface.
The HTTP Server now has support for graceful shutdown using the new
Server.Shutdown
method and abrupt shutdown using the new
Server.Close
method.
Continuing Go 1.7's adoption of context.Context
into the standard library, Go 1.8 adds more context support to existing packages:
Server.Shutdown
takes a context argument.Lookup
methods on the new
net.Resolver
now take a context.The runtime and tools now support profiling contended mutexes.
Most users will want to use the new -mutexprofile
flag with “go
test
”,
and then use pprof on the resultant file.
Lower-level support is also available via the new
MutexProfile
and
SetMutexProfileFraction
.
A known limitation for Go 1.8 is that the profile only reports contention for
sync.Mutex
, not
sync.RWMutex
.
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library, made with the Go 1 promise of compatibility in mind. The following sections list the user visible changes and additions. Optimizations and minor bug fixes are not listed.
The tar implementation corrects many bugs in corner cases of the file format. The Reader
is now able to process tar files in the PAX format with entries larger than 8GB. The Writer
no longer produces invalid tar files in some situations involving long pathnames.
There have been some minor fixes to the encoder to improve the compression ratio in certain situations. As a result, the
exact encoded output of DEFLATE
may be different from Go 1.7. Since
DEFLATE
is the underlying compression of gzip, png, zlib, and zip, those formats may have changed outputs.
The encoder, when operating in
NoCompression
mode, now produces a consistent output
that is not dependent on the size of the slices passed to the
Write
method.
The decoder, upon encountering an error, now returns any buffered data it had uncompressed along with the error.
The Writer
now encodes a zero MTIME
field when
the Header.ModTime
field is the zero value. In previous releases
of Go, the Writer
would encode a nonsensical value. Similarly, the Reader
now reports a zero encoded MTIME
field as a zero
Header.ModTime
.
The DeadlineExceeded
error now implements
net.Error
and reports true for both the Timeout
and
Temporary
methods.
The new method
Conn.CloseWrite
allows TLS connections to be half closed.
The new method
Config.Clone
clones a TLS configuration.
The new Config.GetConfigForClient
callback
allows selecting a configuration for a client dynamically, based on the client's
ClientHelloInfo
.
The ClientHelloInfo
struct now has new fields Conn
,
SignatureSchemes
(using the new type SignatureScheme
),
SupportedProtos
, and SupportedVersions
.
The new Config.GetClientCertificate
callback
allows selecting a client certificate based on the server's TLS CertificateRequest
message, represented
by the new
CertificateRequestInfo
.
The new
Config.KeyLogWriter
allows debugging TLS connections
in WireShark and similar tools.
The new
Config.VerifyPeerCertificate
callback allows
additional validation of a peer's presented certificate.
The crypto/tls
package now implements basic countermeasures against CBC padding oracles. There should
be no explicit secret-dependent timings, but it does not attempt to normalize memory accesses to prevent cache timing
leaks.
The crypto/tls
package now supports X25519 and
ChaCha20-Poly1305.
ChaCha20-Poly1305 is now prioritized unless
hardware support for AES-GCM is present.
AES-128-CBC cipher suites with SHA-256 are also now supported, but disabled by default.
PSS signatures are now supported.
UnknownAuthorityError
now has a Cert
field, reporting the untrusted certificate.
Certificate validation is more permissive in a few cases and stricter in a few other cases.
Root certificates will now also be looked for at /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem
on
Linux, to support RHEL and CentOS.
The package now supports context.Context
. There are new methods ending in Context
such
as
DB.QueryContext
and
DB.PrepareContext
that take context arguments. Using
the new Context
methods ensures that connections are closed and returned to the connection pool when
the request is done; enables canceling in-progress queries should the driver support that; and allows the database
pool to cancel waiting for the next available connection.
The IsolationLevel
can now be set when starting a transaction
by setting the isolation level on TxOptions.Isolation
and passing it to DB.BeginTx
. An error will be returned if
an isolation level is selected that the driver does not support. A read-only attribute may also be set on the transaction
by setting TxOptions.ReadOnly
to true.
Queries now expose the SQL column type information for drivers that support it. Rows can return ColumnTypes
which can include SQL type information, column type lengths, and the Go type.
A Rows
can now represent multiple result sets. After
Rows.Next
returns false,
Rows.NextResultSet
may be called to advance to the
next result set. The existing Rows
should continue to be used after it advances to the next result set.
NamedArg
may be used as query arguments. The new function
Named
helps create a NamedArg
more succinctly.
If a driver supports the new
Pinger
interface, the
DB.Ping
and
DB.PingContext
methods will use that interface to check
whether a database connection is still valid.
The new Context
query methods work for all drivers, but
Context
cancelation is not responsive unless the driver has been updated to use them. The other features
require driver support in
database/sql/driver
. Driver authors should review the new interfaces.
Users of existing driver should review the driver documentation to see what it supports and any system specific documentation
on each feature.
The package has been extended and is now used by
the Go linker to read gcc
-generated object files. The new
File.StringTable
and
Section.Relocs
fields provide access to the COFF string
table and COFF relocations. The new
File.COFFSymbols
allows low-level access to the COFF symbol
table.
The new
Encoding.Strict
method returns an Encoding
that causes the decoder to return an error when the trailing padding bits are not zero.
UnmarshalTypeError
now includes the struct and
field name.
A nil Marshaler
now marshals as a JSON null
value.
A RawMessage
value now marshals the same as its pointer
type.
Marshal
encodes floating-point numbers using the same format
as in ES6, preferring decimal (not exponential) notation for a wider range of values. In particular, all floating-point
integers up to 264 format the same as the equivalent int64
representation.
In previous versions of Go, unmarshaling a JSON null
into an
Unmarshaler
was considered a no-op; now the Unmarshaler
's
UnmarshalJSON
method is called with the JSON literal
null
and can define the semantics of that case.
Decode
is now strict about the format of the ending line.
Unmarshal
now has wildcard support for collecting all attributes
using the new ",any,attr"
struct tag.
The new methods
Int.Value
,
String.Value
,
Float.Value
, and
Func.Value
report the current value of an exported variable.
The new function Handler
returns the package's HTTP handler, to enable
installing it in non-standard locations.
Scanf
,
Fscanf
, and
Sscanf
now handle spaces differently and more consistently than previous
releases. See the
scanning documentation for details.
The new IsPredeclared
function reports whether a string is
a predeclared identifier.
The new function
Default
returns the default "typed" type for an "untyped" type.
The alignment of complex64
now matches the Go compiler.
The package now validates the "type"
attribute on a <script>
tag.
Decode
(and DecodeConfig
) now supports True Color
and grayscale transparency.
Encoder
is now faster and creates smaller output when encoding
paletted images.
The new method
Int.Sqrt
calculates ⌊√x⌋.
The new method
Float.Scan
is a support routine for
fmt.Scanner
.
Int.ModInverse
now supports negative numbers.
The new Rand.Uint64
method returns uint64
values.
The new Source64
interface describes sources capable of generating
such values directly; otherwise the Rand.Uint64
method constructs a uint64
from two calls
to Source
's
Int63
method.
ParseMediaType
now preserves unnecessary backslash escapes as
literals, in order to support MSIE. When MSIE sends a full file path (in “intranet mode”), it does not escape backslashes:
“C:\dev\go\foo.txt
”, not “
C:\\dev\\go\\foo.txt
”. If we see an unnecessary backslash escape, we now assume it is from MSIE and
intended as a literal backslash. No known MIME generators emit unnecessary backslash escapes for simple token characters
like numbers and letters.
The
Reader
's parsing has been relaxed in two ways to accept
more input seen in the wild.
First, it accepts an equals sign (=
) not followed by two hex digits as a literal equal sign.
Second, it silently ignores a trailing equals sign at the end of an encoded input.
The Conn
documentation has been updated to clarify expectations of an interface
implementation. Updates in the net/http
packages depend on implementations obeying the documentation.
Updating: implementations of the Conn
interface should verify they implement the documented semantics.
The
golang.org/x/net/nettest package will exercise a Conn
and validate it behaves properly.
The new method
UnixListener.SetUnlinkOnClose
sets whether the
underlying socket file should be removed from the file system when the listener is closed.
The new Buffers
type permits writing to the network more efficiently
from multiple discontiguous buffers in memory. On certain machines, for certain types of connections, this is optimized
into an OS-specific batch write operation (such as writev
).
The new Resolver
looks up names and numbers and supports context.Context
.
The Dialer
now has an optional
Resolver
field.
Interfaces
is now supported on Solaris.
The Go DNS resolver now supports resolv.conf
's “rotate
” and “option
ndots:0
”
options. The “ndots
” option is now respected in the same way as libresolve
.
Server changes:
Server
adds configuration options
ReadHeaderTimeout
and IdleTimeout
and documents WriteTimeout
.
FileServer
and
ServeContent
now support HTTP If-Match
conditional
requests, in addition to the previous If-None-Match
support for ETags properly formatted according
to RFC 7232, section 2.3.
There are several additions to what a server's Handler
can do:
Context
returned by Request.Context
is canceled if the underlying net.Conn
closes. For instance, if the user closes their browser in the
middle of a slow request, the Handler
can now detect that the user is gone. This complements the existing
CloseNotifier
support. This functionality requires that
the underlying
net.Conn
implements
recently clarified interface documentation.
TrailerPrefix
mechanism.
Handler
can now abort a response by panicking with the error
ErrAbortHandler
.
Write
of zero bytes to a
ResponseWriter
is now defined as a way to test whether
a ResponseWriter
has been hijacked: if so, the Write
returns
ErrHijacked
without printing an error to the server's error
log.
Client & Transport changes:
Client
now copies most request headers on redirect. See
the documentation on the Client
type for details.
Transport
now supports international domain names. Consequently,
so do
Get and other helpers.
Client
now supports 301, 307, and 308 redirects. For example, Client.Post
now follows
301 redirects, converting them to GET
requests without bodies, like it did for 302 and 303 redirect
responses previously. The Client
now also follows 307 and 308 redirects, preserving the original request
method and body, if any. If the redirect requires resending the request body, the request must have the new
Request.GetBody
field defined.
NewRequest
sets Request.GetBody
automatically
for common body types.
Transport
now rejects requests for URLs with ports containing non-digit characters.
Transport
will now retry non-idempotent requests if no bytes were written before a network failure
and the request has no body.
Transport.ProxyConnectHeader
allows configuration of
header values to send to a proxy during a CONNECT
request.
DefaultTransport.Dialer
now enables DualStack
("Happy Eyeballs") support, allowing the use of IPv4 as a backup
if it looks like IPv6 might be failing.
Transport
no longer reads a byte of a non-nil
Request.Body
when the
Request.ContentLength
is zero to determine whether
the ContentLength
is actually zero or just undefined. To explicitly signal that a body has zero length,
either set it to nil
, or set it to the new value
NoBody
. The new NoBody
value is intended for use
by Request
constructor functions; it is used by
NewRequest
.
There is now support for tracing a client request's TLS handshakes with the new
ClientTrace.TLSHandshakeStart
and
ClientTrace.TLSHandshakeDone
.
The ReverseProxy
has a new optional hook,
ModifyResponse
, for modifying the
response from the back end before proxying it to the client.
Empty quoted strings are once again allowed in the name part of an address. That is, Go 1.4 and earlier accepted
""
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>, but Go 1.5 introduced a bug that rejected this address.
The address is recognized again.
The
Header.Date
method has always provided a way to parse the Date:
header. A new function
ParseDate
allows parsing dates found in other header lines, such
as the Resent-Date:
header.
If an implementation of the
Auth.Start
method returns an empty toServer
value, the
package no longer sends trailing whitespace in the SMTP AUTH
command, which some servers rejected.
The new functions
PathEscape
and
PathUnescape
are similar to the query escaping and unescaping
functions but for path elements.
The new methods
URL.Hostname
and
URL.Port
return the hostname and port fields of a URL, correctly
handling the case where the port may not be present.
The existing method
URL.ResolveReference
now properly handles paths with
escaped bytes without losing the escaping.
The URL
type now implements
encoding.BinaryMarshaler
and
encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler
, making it possible to process
URLs in gob data.
Following RFC 3986,
Parse
now rejects URLs like this_that:other/thing
instead
of interpreting them as relative paths (this_that
is not a valid scheme). To force interpretation as
a relative path, such URLs should be prefixed with “./
”. The URL.String
method now inserts
this prefix as needed.
The new function
Executable
returns the path name of the running executable.
An attempt to call a method on an os.File
that has already been closed will
now return the new error value os.ErrClosed
. Previously it returned
a system-specific error such as syscall.EBADF
.
On Unix systems, os.Rename
will now return an error when used to rename
a directory to an existing empty directory. Previously it would fail when renaming to a non-empty directory but succeed
when renaming to an empty directory. This makes the behavior on Unix correspond to that of other systems.
On Windows, long absolute paths are now transparently converted to extended-length paths (paths that start with “\\?\
”).
This permits the package to work with files whose path names are longer than 260 characters.
On Windows, os.IsExist
will now return true
for the system
error ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY
. This roughly corresponds to the existing handling of the Unix error ENOTEMPTY
.
On Plan 9, files that are not served by #M
will now have ModeDevice
set in the value returned by FileInfo.Mode
.
A number of bugs and corner cases on Windows were fixed:
Abs
now calls Clean
as documented,
Glob
now matches “
\\?\c:\*
”,
EvalSymlinks
now correctly handles “C:.
”,
and
Clean
now properly handles a leading “..
” in the
path.
The new function
Swapper
was added to support sort.Slice
.
The Unquote
function now strips carriage returns (\r
)
in backquoted raw strings, following the
Go language semantics.
The Getpagesize
now returns the system's size, rather than a
constant value. Previously it always returned 4KB.
The signature of Utimes
has changed on Solaris to match all the other
Unix systems' signature. Portable code should continue to use
os.Chtimes
instead.
The X__cmsg_data
field has been removed from
Cmsghdr
.
Template.Execute
can now take a
reflect.Value
as its data argument, and
FuncMap
functions can also accept and return reflect.Value
.
The new function
Until
complements the analogous Since
function.
ParseDuration
now accepts long fractional parts.
Parse
now rejects dates before the start of a month, such as June 0;
it already rejected dates beyond the end of the month, such as June 31 and July 32.
The tzdata
database has been updated to version 2016j for systems that don't already have a local time
zone database.
The new method
T.Name
(and B.Name
) returns the name of the current
test or benchmark.
The new function
CoverMode
reports the test coverage mode.
Tests and benchmarks are now marked as failed if the race detector is enabled and a data race occurs during execution. Previously, individual test cases would appear to pass, and only the overall execution of the test binary would fail.
The signature of the
MainStart
function has changed, as allowed by the documentation.
It is an internal detail and not part of the Go 1 compatibility promise. If you're not calling MainStart
directly but see errors, that likely means you set the normally-empty GOROOT
environment variable and
it doesn't match the version of your go
command's binary.
SimpleFold
now returns its argument unchanged if the provided
input was an invalid rune. Previously, the implementation failed with an index bounds check panic.


For my animation project, I chose to use Adobe Animate CC in conjunction with Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop.
I chose to use Adobe Animate because it is an industry standard application which featured all tools I would need.
It contains tools to create animation without having to animate every frame, has strong editing tools and a relatively user friendly UI.
I used Adobe Animate to create my animation, and used Photoshop and Illustrator to edit some vector images to suit my animation.
I did use some images from external sources, listed below:
Main car - Here
Police car - Here
Man in bed - Here
Going through the process of making the animation wasn't the easiest
I wasn't confident in my skills, as I'd never made an animation before. This meant watching tutorials and learning along the way.
Since this was my first animation project, I came up with an idea that wasn't too complex but wasn't the easiest to make either. I then searched for suitable images, and watched videos along the way to create aspects of my animation
As mentioned previously, this was my first animation and I wasn't totally confident in my abilities.
I had to do a lot of research and watch lots of videos on YouTube and LinkedinLearning to learn how to use different parts of Animate CC
I tackled each task one by one and have produced something that I feel I couldn't create on my own prior to taking on the task
Animate CC makes it easy to create animations to suit your needs. On startup, you choose your application and then start creating your animation.
For this task, I created an HTML5 canvas animation, so I can embed it within my webpage once exported
Once my animation was ready, I published it which produced an HTML and JS file which I can include and embed in my webpage
Managing my assets were relatively easy for this project, given that I wasn't dealing with big file sizes.
I stored all my assets in a subfolder within a Multimedia folder. I then made two folders, one for images and one for the animation file.
This meant I was easily able to navigate and find items when needed.
This task was definitely harder than previous tasks I have undertaken.
I believe this was because of the lack of prior skill coming into the project. There is definitely room for me to improve my skills and confidence, but I learnt a lot and don't think I could have previously created what I did.
I found using video resources very helpful for my final product, but I feel I could have produced something more advanced with more time and study


An-Noor Summer Program
Learn Quran during Summer Holidays
An-Noor School is organizing two different programs to enhance Quran reading and memorization during the summer holidays. A weekend program and a weekly program to help accommodate the needs of the community. You do not have to be enrolled in the An-Noor School to attend these summer classes, they are open to all, admission is on a first come first serve basis.
Please take advantage of this opportunity and preserve the word of Allah subhanahu wataa'la by memorizing, understanding, and implementing the Holy Quran.
An-Noor Summer Weekend Program
The An-Noor Summer Weekend session will be held from June 25 through August 19 2011. The classes will be held from 10 AM to 12 Noon on Saturdays and Sundays.
Admission will be granted on first come first serve basis and is open to all, you do not have to be enrolled in An-Noor school. The applicant should be 6 years or older. There is no qualification criterion to join this program.
Tuition is $200.00 and registration deadline is June 25, 2011
An-Noor Summer Weekly Program
The An-Noor Summer Weekly session is also open to all. This program is also geared for students who plan to enroll in the full time An-Noor program in the fall semester.
The An-Noor Summer Weekend session will be held from June 27 through August 19 2011.The classes will held from 8 AM to Noon Monday to Friday.
Tuition is $350 (2 months) and the registration deadline is June 27, 2011
Qualification Criteria
- All students with some Quran reading fluency can be admitted into this program.
- All students will be evaluated for the Quran reading competency.
- If we do not have enough enrollments to support this program, we will cancel the program and return the fees
Summer Student Registration Form
Please download and print the registration form and and bring it to An-Noor School Office located on the 2nd floor of the Masjid on Saturdays and Sundays between 8 AM to 11 AM.
Contact Details
For further information please contact Br Khalid Awan at<PHONE_NUMBER> or Br Mahen Khan at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Please visit an-noor-school.islam1.org or contact the An-Noor School administration at an-noor@islam1.org


discover
Businessmodel of Discover
Customer Segments
Discover Financial offers a range of credit, debit, and loan services to a varied client portfolio. The bulk of the Company’s customers can be organised principally into the following categories:
- Consumers, comprising the general consumer market, with its student loans products specifically targeting students attending eligible non-profit undergraduate and graduate schools, or undertaking postgraduate studies and training, including bar studies and residencies.
- Small and Medium-Sized Businesses, comprising small and medium-sized business of all forms, including sole traders, small accounting firms, administrative service providers, and independent consultants; and
- Financial Institutions, comprising various large banking institutions and other financial service providers. Discover Financial does not specifically name any of its customers on its website or in its annual report.
Discover Financial principally derives its revenue from customers in the US. The Company, however, does generate a small portion of its revenue through royalty and licensee revenue received from Diners Club licensees, mainly derived from sources outside of the United States.
Value Propositions
Discover Financial provides value to its customers in the following ways:
- Its reputation and track record, with the Company established as a reliable provider of debit, credit, loan, and other financial services to a varied client base, with a track record for providing high-quality and effective products;
- Its broad range of products, with the Company providing a range of credit and loan options to its customers, including student and post-graduate loans, home loans, and personal loans, as well as credit card and deposit products;
- Its use of technology, with the Company utilising state-of-the-art technology across its enterprise to ensure it is able efficiently to serve its customers, and manage risk and service network partners, merchants and merchant acquirer relationships;
- Its commitment to financial education, with the Company seeking to educate consumers on various financial matters, offering various online learning resources and guidance; and
- Its industry expertise and experience, with the Company employing teams of high-qualified financial services professionals, led by a team of experienced industry executives. ### Channels
Discover Financial operates a website at www.discover.com, through which it provides information on its various products, services, and online resources. The Company also operates several online banking platforms, including separate client portals for its banking, credit card, student loans, home equity loans, and personal loans. These online channels are complemented by the Company’s mobile app. Customers are also able to apply for certain products, including credit cards, directly via the Company’s website.
Discover Financial operates dedicated sales teams organised by operating segment and division, which are able to serve customers directly. In addition to applying for product online, customers are able to apply for loan and credit products by phone, or by mail, with the Company operating a network of call centres with dedicated staff to service these products. The Company also has dedicated teams that work closely with its financial clients, including as part of its PULSE and Diners Club offerings.
Discover Financial serves clients through its network of automated teller machines and point-of-sale terminals across the US, which provide debit facilities to consumers and process payments through third-parties. The Company additionally obtains deposits from consumers through its various affinity relationships and through third-party securities brokerage firms that offer the Company’s deposits to their customers.
Customer Relationships
Discover Financial provides a range of products and services to its customers on a self-service basis, operating several online banking portals, as well as a mobile application. These platforms, and the Company’s website, enable customers to manage their accounts, make payments, apply for products, and access resources and tools without interacting with members of the Company’s sales and support teams. The Company’s network of automated teller machines also provides a self-service channel for consumers.
Much of Discover Financial sales and processing are completed via its direct sales personnel, who are able to provide personalised assistance and guidance to consumers, identifying the most appropriate products for their individual circumstances. The Company also has dedicated teams that manage the Company’s relationships with financial institutions, with which the Company seeks to maintain longstanding relationships.
Discover Financial provides a range of support resources to its customers. This includes various online resources, including FAQS, forms and document, financial education guides, and security information. Customers are also able to contact support personnel across the Company’s various operating divisions over the phone or by post in order to receive assistance tailored to their needs. Alternatively, customers are able to follow Discover Financial’s activities and interact with the Company directly through it social media accounts, including with Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
Key Activities
Discover Financial is a banking holding company. Through its subsidiaries it operates as a direct banking and payment services company.
Its operations are aligned into two reportable business segments: Direct Banking, which comprises the Company’s consumer banking and lending products, notably its Discover-branded credit cards issued to individuals and small businesses on the Discover Network and other consumer banking products and services, such as personal loans, home equity loans, and other consumer lending and deposit products; and Payment Services, which includes the Company’s PULSE and its Network Partners businesses, which respectively concern the Company’s operation of an automated teller machine, debit and electronic funds transfer network, and its provision of payment transaction processing and settlement services on the Discover Network.
Key Partners
Discover Financial works closely with a range of partner companies and organisations across its two operating segments. These partners can be categorised broadly as:
- Supplier and Vendor Partners, comprising suppliers of services, tools, and equipment that support the Company’s operations enterprise-wide, as well as certain companies to which the Company is able to outsource certain non-technical functions;
- Network Partners, comprising the Company’s network of financial partners, including financial institutions, commercial service providers, and merchants, with which the Company collaborates on providing payment processing services on the Discover Network;
- Affinity Partners, comprising various third-party financial institutions and securities brokerage firms that offer the various deposit products to customers on behalf of Discover Financial; and
- Community and Charitable Partners, comprising various non-profits and charitable organisations, with which the Company works on various community and social projects around the world. Discover Financial has launched a number of partnerships in recent years. This includes payment processing partnerships with Nigeria’s Interswitch, and Creditcall Corp in the US, as well as a tie-up with PayPal on mobile payment solutions.
Key Resources
Discover Financial’s key resources are its technologies and intellectual properties, its online platforms and website, its IT and communications infrastructure, its network of call centres and offices, its partnerships, and its personnel.
Discover owns and controls a number of intellectual properties that are key to its activities, including patents and trademarks. Searches of records published by the US Patent and Trademark Office identified a number of patent applications which name Discover Financial as the assignee, including applications entitled ‘Colored metallic credit card’, ‘Redemption of credit card rewards at a point of sale’ and ‘Transaction card with glowing indicator’.
Discover Financial owns and or leases eight principal properties across seven states in the US. This includes four owned properties, including the Company’s corporate headquarters, two call centres and a processing centre, and four leased properties, including two call centres, the Company’s PULSE headquarters, and a Student Loan Corporation office.
Cost Structure
Discover Financial incurs costs in relation to the development of its technologies and online platforms, the maintenance of its IT and communications infrastructure, the operation of its call centres and other physical infrastructure, the implementation of advertising and marketing campaigns, the procurement of professional services, the management of its partnerships, and the retention of its personnel.
In 2105 Discover Financial recorded employee compensation benefits costs – including the payment of salaries to the Company’s workforce of employees – in the amount of $1.33 billion. The Company also recorded marketing and business development costs totalling $745 million, professional fees totalling $610 million, and information processing and communications costs totalling $349 million.
Revenue Streams
Discover Financial generates revenue through the provision of various banking, credit, and deposit services to consumers and small businesses. Its revenue is principally derived from the collection of transaction fees associated with many of its products, the collection of royalties and license fees, the collection of fees associated with the provision of other ancillary services, and interest income earned on loan receivables.
In 2015 Discover Financial generated revenue net of interest expense in the amount of $8.74 billion, up slightly on the $8.48 recorded by the Company in 2014. The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from its credit card business.


Welcome to XYZ Corporate Dashboard. This site offers a GeoSpatial view of the employees around the globe, a Key Metrics view of the open issues and paid customers and a data view of all issues. Please select a dashboard from the menu in the top.
| Issue | Description | Customer | Opened On | Status | Closed On | Employee | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{row.IssueNumber}} | {{row.Description}} | {{row.Company}} | {{row.Email}} | {{row.Open}} | {{row.Status}} | {{row.Close}} | {{row.Employee}} |


New transit exchange coming to Vernon's Village Green mall
by Ben BulmerGetting the bus to the Village Green mall is soon to become easier.
Construction is underway of a new transit exchange at the Village Green Shopping Centre and it's scheduled to see buses using it just before Christmas.
According to a City of Vernon media release, four new bus stops with two shared bus shelters are being constructed near the southwest entrance to the mall's food court.
“BentallGreenOak is pleased to be able to provide a dedicated facility that can be used as a transit exchange for riders either going to the Village Green Shopping Centre or transferring on to different bus routes,” Village Green Shopping Centre general manager Scott Adam said in the release.
In 2016 bus stops were moved to 48 Avenue in due to safety concerns.
"Historically, the transit exchange at Village Green Shopping Centre was one of the busiest bus stops in Vernon," Vernon Mayor Victor Cumming said in the release. "We have heard many requests for this service to return, increasing accessibility to these local businesses and providing an excellent transit exchange. Therefore, the City is pleased to financially support this project so transit and the exchange can be available at the Centre for many years to come."
Bus service to the shopping mall will be re-introduced Dec. 22, with bus routes 3 Alexis Park and 9 North End stopping at the shopping centre.
New schedule information will be available in December at BCTransit.com.


This is an example for B2NOTE integrators how to integrate a B2NOTE widget to your service. The integration is done simply by including an IFRAME component. Please refer to the source code (HTML, CSS, JS files) for details.
This example integrates with the development version of B2NOTE.
For more information and documentation about B2NOTE, please refer to the B2NOTE home page


(Printer-Friendly Version)(Schedule is subject to change)
Thursday, November 7, 1-3pm
Thursday, November 7, 4-6:30pm
Friday, November 8, 9-11:45am
Friday, November 8, 12-1:15pm
Friday, November 8, 1:30-3:10pm
Friday, November 8, 3:30-6pm
Saturday, November 9, 9-11:45am
Saturday, November 9, 12-1pm
Saturday, November 9, 1:30-3:30pm
Saturday, November 9, 4-5:30pm
Saturday, November 9, 5:30-7:30pm
Thursday, November 7, 1-3pm
Regency A
Governing Board Meeting
Thursday, November 7, 4-6:30pm
Regency A
Stephen Jay Gould -- Evolutionist and Philosopher (Workshop)
- Chair Elliott Sober (University of Wisconsin)
- "Exaptation and Function" Elisabeth Lloyd (Indiana University)
- "Replaying Life's Tape" John Beatty (University of Minnesota)
- "Evolutionary Theory and the Social Uses of Biology" Philip Kitcher (Columbia University)
Executive A
Bohr`s Philosophy of Quantum Theory: A New Look (Symposium)
- Chair Jeffrey Bub (University of Maryland)
- "Bohr Versus Bohm on Ontological Pluralism" Rob Clifton (University of Pittsburgh) and Hans Halvorson (Princeton University)
- "Quantum Reference Frames in the Context of EPR" Michael Dickson (Indiana University)
- "Who Invented the Copenhagen Interpretation? A Study in Mythology" Don Howard (University of Notre Dame)
- "Idealization and Formalism in Bohr's Approach to Quantum Theory" Scott Tanona (Stanford University)
Executive B
Realism (Contributed Papers)
- Chair John Worrall (London School of Economics)
- "The Structuralist Conception of Objects" Anjan Chakravartty (Cambridge University)
- "Is Structure Not Enough?" Ioannis Votsis (London School of Economics)
- "Explaining the Success of a Scientific Theory" Timothy D. Lyons (Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis)
- "Preservative Realism and Its Discontents: Revisiting Caloric" Hasok Chang (University College London)
- "No Refuge for Realism: Selective Confirmation and the History of Science" P. Kyle Stanford (University of California, Irvine)
Executive C
Counterfactuals and Causality (Workshop)
- Chair Jonathan Schaffer (University of Massachusetts)
- "A Theory of Causation: Causae Causantes (Originating Causes) As Inus Conditions In Branching Space-Times" Nuel Belnap (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Kicking the Counterfactual Habit" Jim Bogen (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Mechanisms and Activities" Peter Machamer (University of Pittsburgh)
- "No Counterfactual Conditionals, No Causal Explanations!" Jim Woodward (California Institute of Technology)
Executive D
Laws, Possibility, and the New Instrumentalism (Symposium)
- Chair Janneke van Lith (Utrecht University)
- "Laws and Initial Conditions" Mathias Frisch (Northwestern University)
- "Laws and the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics" Eric Winsberg (University of South Florida)
- "Laws and the Reduction of Possibilities" Arnold Koslow (City University of New York)
- Commentator Paul Teller (University of California, Davis)
Pere Marquette
Psychology, Cognitive and Neuroscience (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Brian Keeley (Pitzer College)
- "The Introduction of Information into Neurobiology" Justin Garson (University of Texas at Austin)
- "Functional Analysis and the Autonomy of Psychology" Uljana Feest (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Affordances Explained" Andrea M. Scarantino (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Object and Event Concepts: A Cognitive Mechanism of Incommensurability" Xiang Chen (California Lutheran University)
Thursday, November 7, 7:30-9pm
Atrium
PSA/HSS Reception
Friday, November 8, 9-11:45am
Regency A
The Pragmatics of Scientific Representation (Symposium)
- Chair R.I.G. Hughes (University of South Carolina)
- "How Models are Used to Represent Physical Reality" Ron Giere (University of Minnesota)
- "Imagination and Imaging in Model-Building" Mary Morgan (London School of Economics)
- "An Inferential Conception of Scientific Representation" Mauricio Suárez (University of Bristol)
- "Telltale Signs: What Attention to Representation Reveals about Scientific Explanation" Andrea Woody (University of Washington)
- "Science as Representational and Non-representational" Bas Van Fraassen (Princeton University)
Executive A
Causation & Bayesian Networks (Symposium)
- Chair Charles Twardy (Monash University)
- "Causal Diversity" Nancy Cartwright (London School of Economics)
- "Graphical Models, Token Causation and Processes" Peter Menzies (Macquarie University)
- "Inferring Causal Structure: What Can We Know and When Can We Know It?" Peter Spirtes (Carnegie Mellon University)
- "What Does the Causal Markov Condition Have to Do With Causality?" James Woodward (California Institute of Technology) and Daniel M. Hausman (University of Wisconsin)
Executive B
Structuralist Approaches to Quantum Gravity (Workshop)
- Chair Steven French (University of Leeds)
- "Quantum Gravity, Spacetime Structures and Structural Realism" Dean Rickles (University of Leeds) and Juha Saatsi (University of Leeds)
- "Structure, Individuality and Quantum Gravity" John Stachel (Boston University)
- "Quantum Gravity at the Background Independent Level" Lee Smolin (Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics)
- "Higher-Dimensional Algebra and Quantum Gravity" John Baez (University of California, Riverside)
Executive C
Is Methodology Gendered - and Should It Be? (Symposium)
- Chair Miriam Solomon (Temple University)
- "Robert Boyle, Chastity, and the Masculine Methods of Science" Rose-Mary Sargent (Merrimack College)
- "How Might We Put Our Politics Where Our Science Is?" Noretta Koertge (Indiana University)
- "Should Science Have Gender?" Cassandra Pinnick (Western Kentucky University)
Executive D
Genes, Development and Evolution (Contributed Papers)
- Chair James G. Lennox (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Constant Factors and Hedgeless Hedges: On Heuristics and Biases in Developmental Biology" Jason Scott Robert (Dalhousie University)
- "Making Populations: Bounding Genes in Space and in Time" Lisa Gannett (California State University, Chico)
- "Heritability and Indirect Causation" Neven Sesardic (Lingnan University)
- "Evolvability, Dispositions, and Intrinsicality" Alan C. Love (University of Pittsburgh)
Pere Marquette
Reduction and Structure of Theories (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Robert Batterman (The Ohio State University)
- "Reduction of Thermodynamics" Sang Wook Yi (Hanyang University)
- "How to ‘See Through’ the Ideal Gas Law in Terms of the Concepts of Quantum Mechanics" Malcolm R. Forster (University of Wisconsin, Madison) and Alexei Krioukov (University of Wisconsin, Madison)
- "Reduction, Autonomy and Causal Exclusion Among Physical Properties" Alexander Rueger (University of Alberta)
- "Do You Need to Believe in Orbitals to Use Them?: Realism and the Autonomy of Chemistry" Zack Jenkins (Indiana University)
Friday, November 8, 12-1:15pm
Regency A
Behind the Scenes at the Journals
- Philosophy of Science Noretta Koertge (Editor)
- British Journal for the Philosophy of Science Peter Clark (Editor)
Executive C
Philosophy Meets Science Education: What is the 'nature of science' in the science classroom? (Informal Discussion)
- Chair Douglas Allchin (University of Minnesota)
Friday, November 8, 1:30-3:10pm
Regency A
Biological Kinds and Human Kinds (Symposium)
- Chair David Hull (Northwestern University)
- "Human Kinds and Biological Kinds: Some Similarities and Differences" John Dupre' (University of Exeter)
- "Emotions as Natural and Normative Kinds" Paul Griffiths (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Bridging the Gap Between Human Kinds and Biological Kinds" Marc Ereshefsky (University of Calgary)
Executive A
Causation & Bayesian Networks (Workshop)
- Chair Charles Twardy (Monash University)
- "An Introduction to Bayes Nets and Graphical Causal Models: Normative and Descriptive Theories" Clark Glymour (Carnegie Mellon Univesity)
- "Theory Formation and Causal Learning in Children: Causal Maps and Bayes Nets" Alison Gopnik (University of California - Berkeley)
- "Bayesian Models of Human Causal Inference" Josh Tenenbaum (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Executive B
The Nature of Scientific Evidence (Workshop)
- Chair Elliott Sober (University of Wisconsin)
- "Statistical Evidence, Evidence Functions and the Concept of Verisimilitude" Subhas R. Lele (University of Alberta)
- "Two Approaches Compared: Likelihood and Bayesian Approaches" Roger D. Rosenkrantz (Independent Scholar)
- "The Nature of Scientific Evidence: A Forward Looking Synthesis" Mark L. Taper (Montana State University)
- "Royall's Three Questions: A Bayesian Reply" Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay (Montana State University)
Executive C
Philosophy of Space and Time (Contributed Papers)
- Chair David Malament (University of California, Irvine)
- "Field Unification in the Maxwell-Lorentz Theory with Absolute Space" Robert Rynasiewicz (Johns Hopkins University)
- "Einstein Algebras and the Hole Argument" Jonathan Bain (Polytechnic University)
- "Understanding the Time-Asymmetry of Radiation" Jill North (Rutgers University)
- "Time Travel and Consistency Constraints" Douglas Kutach (Texas Tech University)
Executive D
History of Philosophy of Science (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Peter Clark (University of St Andrews)
- "The Constructible and the Intelligible in Newton’s Philosophy of Geometry" Mary Domski (Indiana University, Bloomington)
- "Motivational Realism: The Natural Classification for Pierre Duhem" Karen Merikangas Darling (Northwestern University)
- "Francis Bacon`s Philosophy of Science: machina intellectus and forma indita" Madeline M. Muntersbjorn (University of Toledo)
- "Defending Conventions as Functionally A Priori Knowledge" David J. Stump (University of San Francisco)
Friday, November 8, 3:30-6pm
Regency A
Wesley C. Salmon 1925-2001:A Symposium Honoring His Contributions to the Philosophy of Science (Symposium)
- Chair Adolf Grunbaum (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Causation and Misconnections" Phil Dowe (University of Tasmania)
- "Causal Processes: What Are They, and What Are They Good For?" Chris Hitchcock (California Institute of Technology)
- "Objective Probabilities: Frequencies and Physical Chances" Paul Humphreys (University of Virginia)
- "Spacetime and Conventionalism" Larry Sklar (University of Michigan)
Executive A
Realization and Explanation in Neuroscience (Symposium)
- Chair Lindley Darden (University of Maryland)
- "Mechanisms, Realization and the Self (or Self Realization)" Carl F. Craver (Washington University)
- "Mechanisms and Explanation in Neuroscience and Psychology" Barbara Von Eckardt (University of Nebraska-Lincoln)
- "Realization and Localistic Biases in Cognitive Neuroscience" Rob Wilson (University of Alberta)
- "Neural Machinery and Realization" Thomas W. Polger (University of Cincinnati)
Executive B
Model Construction and Evaluation in the Computationally Complex Sciences (Symposium)
- Chair Davis Baird (University of South Carolina)
- "Parameterizing the Atomic Nucleus: Explanation, Prediction and the Role of Intertheoretic Coherence" Stephan Hartmann (University of Konstanz)
- "Principles and Parameters in Physics and Chemistry" Eric Scerri (University of California - Los Angeles)
- "Semi-empirical Models of Protein Folding: Construction and Evaluation in the Early Stages of Theory Construction" Jeffry L. Ramsey (Smith College)
- Commentator Gregory M. Mikkelson (McGill University)
Executive C
Science and Social Context (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Jane Duran (University of California, Santa Barbara)
- "On the Concept of Biological Race and Its Applicability to Humans" Jonathan Kaplan (University of Tennessee) and Massimo Pigliucci (University of Tennessee)
- "The Use of Race as Proxy in Medicine for Genetic Differences" Michael Root (University of Minnesota)
- "When is Biology Destiny? Biological Determinism and Social Responsibility" Inmaculada de Melo-Martin (St. Mary`s University)
- "Experimental Localism and External Validity" Francesco Guala (University of Exeter)
Executive D
Topics in Philosophy of Physics (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Craig Callender (University of California - San Diego)
- "Are Our Best Physical Theories (Probably and/or Approximately) True?" Jeffrey A. Barrett (University of California, Irvine)
- "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Its Meaning From a Simple Classical Model" Chuang Liu (University of Florida)
- "The Applicability of Shannon Information in Quantum Mechanics and Zeilinger`s Foundational Principle" C. G. Timpson (The Queen`s College, Oxford)
- "Objectivity, Information, and Maxwell`s Demon" Steven Weinstein (Dartmouth College)
Pere Marquette
Confirmation and Statistical Inference (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Peter Spirtes (Carnegie Mellon University)
- "Hempel`s Raven Paradox: A Lacuna in the Standard Bayesian Solution" Peter B. M. Vranas (Iowa State University)
- "Underdetermination and the Problem of Identical Rivals" P. D. Magnus (University of California, San Diego)
- "Are Cosmological Theories Compatible with All Possible Evidence: A Missing Methodological Link" Nick Bostrom (Yale University)
- "AIC and Large Samples" I. A. Kieseppä (University of Helsinki)
Friday, November 8, 6-8pm
Joint Reception at the Milwaukee Art Museum
Milwaukee Art Museum, Windhover Hall
Saturday, November 9, 9-11:45am
Regency A
Methodology in Practice: Is there a A New Normativity in Philosophy of Science? (Symposium)
- Chair Nancy Cartwright (London School of Economics)
- "Why Is Philosophy So Useless to Science?" Clark Glymour (Carnegie Mellon University)
- "Model Misspecification in Practice: Philosophy and Methodology of Testing Assumptions of Statistical Models" Deborah Mayo (Virginia Tech) and Aris Spanos (Virginia Tech)
- "Better Policy through Better Science: Using Metascience to Improve Dose-Response Curves in Biology" Kristin Shrader-Frechette (University of Notre Dame)
- "Philosophy in Practice: Evidence Stabilizing Technologies in Archaeology" Alison Wylie (Washington University)
Executive A
Evolutionary Theory (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Mohan Matthen (University of British Columbia)
- "Engineering Design and Adaptation" Robert C. Richardson (University of Cincinnati)
- "Random Boolean Networks and Evolutionary Game Theory" J. McKenzie Alexander (London School of Economics)
- "Species Pluralism Does Not Imply Species Eliminativism" Ingo Brigandt (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Interpretations of Probability in Evolutionary Theory" Roberta L. Millstein (California State University, Hayward)
Executive B
Causation and Explanation in Chemistry (Symposium)
- Chair Andrea Woody (University of Washington)
- "Has Daltonian Atomism Provided Chemistry with Any Explanations?" Paul Needham (University of Stockholm)
- "The Physicists, the Chemists and the Pragmatics of Explanation" Robin Findlay Hendry (University of Durham)
- "The Role of Causal Talk in Chemistry" Janet D. Stemwedel (Stanford University)
- "Qualitative Theory and Chemical Explanation" Michael Weisberg (Stanford University)
Executive C
Evidencing The Book of Evidence (Workshop)
- Chair Helen Longino (University of Minnesota)
- "Objective Concepts of Evidence" Peter Achinstein (Johns Hopkins University)
- "The Evolution of Peter Achinstein’s Notion of Evidence and His Resolutions to Some Problems of Confirmation Theory" Steven Gimbel (Gettysburg College)
- "Evidence, Tactics and Strategy" Philip Kitcher (Columbia University)
- "A Fast Track to Confirmation" Frederick Kronz (University of Texas at Austin) and Amy McLaughlin (University of Texas at Austin)
Executive D
Quantum Field Theory, Bell's Theorem and Hidden Variables (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Andrew Wayne (Concordia University)
- "A Matter of Degree: Putting Unitary Equivalence to Work" Laura Ruetsche (University of Pittsburgh)
- "Ontology Schmontology? Identity, Individuation and Fock Space" Bruce L. Gordon (Baylor University)
- "A Loophole in Bell`s Theorem? Parameter Dependence in the Hess-Philipp Model" Wayne C. Myrvold (University of Western Ontario)
- "Another No-Go Theorem for Hidden Variable Models of Inaccurate Spin 1 Measurements" Thomas Breuer (FH Vorarlberg)
Pere Marquette
Laws and Causation (Contributed Papers)
- Chair John T. Roberts (University of North Carolina)
- "Biology and A Priori Laws" Mehmet Elgin (University of Wisconsin, Madison)
- "Ecological Kinds and Ecological Laws" Gregory M. Mikkelson (McGill University)
- "For Fundamentalism" Carl Hoefer (London School of Economics)
- "On The Metaphysics of Probabilistic Causation: Lessons from Social Epidemiology" Bruce Glymour (Kansas State University)
Saturday, November 9, 12-1pm
Executive A
Business Meeting
Saturday, November 9, 1:30-3:30pm
Regency A
David Lewis`s Contributions to Philosophy of Science (Symposium)
- Chair Bas Van Fraassen (Princeton University)
- David Albert (Columbia University)
- "Some Aspects of Modality in Analytical Mechanics" Jeremy Butterfield (University of Oxford)
- "Rescued from the Rubbish Bin: Lewis on Causation" Ned Hall (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
- "David Lewis's Account of Objective Chance" Barry Loewer (Rutgers University)
Executive A
The Epistemology of Thought Experiments (Symposium)
- Chair Nancy J. Nersessian (Georgia Institute of Technology)
- "Peeking Into Plato’s Heaven" James Robert Brown (University of Toronto)
- "Thought Experiments: Is There More to the Argument?" John D. Norton (University of Pittsburgh)
- "A Constructivist Account of Thought Experiments" Tamar Szabó Gendler (Syracuse University)
- "Thought Experiments and the Belief in Phenomena" James McAllister (University of Leiden)
Executive B
Causation and Explanation in Chemistry (Workshop)
- Chair Michael Weisberg (Stanford University)
- "Chemical Theory in 2002: A Tension Between Simulation and Explanation" Roald Hoffmann (Cornell University)
- Commentator Jeffry L. Ramsey (Smith College)
- Commentator Jay S. Siegel (University of California, San Diego)
- Commentator Andrea Woody (University of Washington)
Executive C
The Making of the Genetical Theory of Evolution (Symposium)
- Chair John Beatty (University of Minnesota)
- "The Heuristic Role of Sewall Wright’s 1932 Adaptive Landscape Diagram" Robert A. Skipper (University of Cincinnati)
- "Population Genetics and Population Thinking: Mathematics and the Role of the Individual" Margaret Morrison (University of Toronto)
- "Pluralism in Biological Explanation" Anya Plutynski (University of Utah)
- "Evolutionary Theory in the Twenties: The Nature of the 'Synthesis'" Sahotra Sarkar (University of Texas at Austin)
Executive D
Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Alberto Cordero (City University of New York)
- "Is It Possible to Nominalize Quantum Mechanics?" Otávio Bueno (University of South Carolina)
- "Quantum Mechanics and Ordinary Language: The Fuzzy Link" Peter J. Lewis (University of Miami)
- "Is Quantum Mechanics Pointless?" Frank Arntzenius (Rutgers University)
- "Remarks on the Direction of Time in Quantum Mechanics" Meir Hemmo (University of Haifa)
Pere Marquette
Models and Modeling (Contributed Papers)
- Chair Jordi Cat (Indiana University)
- "A Model-Theoretic Account of Representation" Steven French (University of Leeds)
- "A Parser as an Epistemic Artefact: A Material View on Models" Tarja Knuuttila (University of Helsinki) and Atro Voutilainen (University of Helsinki)
- "Complex Systems, Trade-Offs and Theoretical Population Biology: Richard Levin`s 'Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology' Revisited" Jay Odenbaugh (University of California, San Diego)
- "Data Models and the Acquisition and Manipulation of Data" Todd Harris (University of California, Davis)
Saturday, November 9, 4-5:30pm
Executive Ballroom
Presidential Address
- Welcome Sandra D. Mitchell (University of Pittsburgh, Program Chair, PSA2002)
- Essay Award Presentation Elliott Sober (University of Wisconsin)
- Introduction Arthur Fine (University of Washington)
- "Laws, Symmetry, and Symmetry Breaking" John Earman (University of Pittsburgh)
Saturday, November 9, 5:30-7:30pm
Presidential Reception
- at Discovery World, 815 N. James Lovell Street
- All registered PSA conferees are invited to attend.
Note: It is a policy of PSA2002 that an individual may present only one paper for publication in either a symposium or a contributed papers session. Workshop presentations will not be published in the proceedings. We plan to make all presentations available on-line at PhilSci Archive.


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Please note: due to unforseen circumstances the Sauna facilities will become unavailable today between 10am - 12pm (24th August), whilst undergoing maintenance.
We sincerely apologise for the inconvenience and thankyou for your patience. * Please contact us on (04) 384 4329 for further enquiries.
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Tory Urban Retreat Book: (04) 384 4329 80 Tory Street, Te Aro |
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A transformation that takes geometric objects onto a plane.
Often, a transformation that ’squashes’ every point in space onto a given plane, in a direction perpendicular to the plane.


CSS Classes for UI colouring
Foreground colouring
Most elements and components are coloured according to the Scania Brand Identity guidelines. The colours listed below should not be used for re-colouring existing elements rather than to be used for new, custom, elemements.
Variables available in variables.less and colors.less.
color-brand-01S
color-brand-02S
color-brand-03S
color-primary-01S
color-primary-02S
color-primary-03S
color-primary-04S
color-secondary-01S
color-secondary-02S
color-secondary-03S
color-secondary-04S
color-tertiary-01S
color-tertiary-02S
color-tertiary-03S
color-tertiary-04S
color-tertiary-05S
color-tertiary-06S
color-tertiary-07S
color-grey1S
color-grey2S
color-grey3S
color-grey4S
color-grey5S
color-grey6S
color-grey7S
color-grey8S
color-grey9S
color-primaryS
color-successS
color-warningS
color-dangerS
color-infoS
color-disabledS


6 references to None
System.Management.Automation (6)
engine\Attributes.cs (1)
623
if (_effectiveAction == ExperimentAction.
None
)
engine\ExperimentalFeature\ExperimentalFeature.cs (5)
257
if (experimentName == null || experimentAction == ExperimentAction.
None
)
353
if (experimentAction == ExperimentAction.
None
)
356
const string invalidMember = nameof(ExperimentAction.
None
);
373
if (_effectiveAction == ExperimentAction.
None
)
382
private ExperimentAction _effectiveAction = ExperimentAction.
None
;


Rick's Shopping List
Add Item
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Bread
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--- layout: post date: 2011-01-18 time: "09:00:00" authors: ["Greg Wilson"] title: Exercises for Shell Posted tags: ["Online"] ---
Orion Buske has posted exercises to go with the lecture on the Unix shell. These will get you to do real things with real bio data; please post questions and comments in the forum as you work on them.


Documentation
Installation
I’d strongly recommend you to fork accent and use the “upstream” strategy described on this page to keep accent up to date.
If you don’t want to do that, just clone accent and use
in the root of the accent directory, or, simply download accent.
Customization
You can edit the variables in _config.yml
as per your needs. Edit only the variables under the section marked User Settings.
Most of the variables are self explanatory. Notes about few of the non obvious ones:
-
You can change the hex value of the variable
$accent-color
in_sass/_style.scss
to any color value that you want. This will change the accent of the theme. -
Set
intro
totrue
to reveal a short bio section on the index page. -
Setting
about_footer
to true or false will turn theabout
section at the bottom of every post to on or off respectively. -
description
is the summary that will show up in places like facebook thumbnails, twitter cards and google search results.
Note: Don’t change any variable under Build Settings.
Usage
- To create a new post, simply save the
.markdown
file in the_posts
directory in the format.
-
For Syntax highlighting, accent uses Rouge which is the default highlighter in Jekyll 3 and above. If you don’t know how to highlight a code block, refer.
-
To set up Google Analytics tracking id, just set the
tracking_id
variable in_config.yml
. -
For comments, accent uses Disqus. To set comments on your site, just paste the universal code in
_includes/disqus.html
.
License
MIT. Copyright © Ankit Sultana