In very short terms, a layout is the vertical and horizontal placement of nodes when plotting a particular graph structure. Conversely, a layout algorithm is an algorithm that takes in a graph structure (and potentially some additional parameters) and return the vertical and horizontal position of the nodes. Often, when people think of network visualizations, they think of node-edge diagrams where strongly connected nodes are attempted to be plotted in close proximity. Layouts can be a lot of other things too though — e.g. hive plots and treemaps. One of the driving factors behind ggraph
has been to develop an API where any type of visual representation of graph structures is supported. In order to achieve this we first need a flexible way of defining the layout…
ggraph()
and create_layout()
As the layout is a global specification of the spatial position of the nodes it spans all layers in the plot and should thus be defined outside of calls to geoms or stats. In ggraph
it is often done as part of the plot initialization using ggraph()
— a function equivalent in intent to ggplot()
. As a minimum ggraph()
must be passed a graph object supported by ggraph
:
library(ggraph)
library(tidygraph)
set_graph_style(plot_margin = margin(1,1,1,1))
graph <- as_tbl_graph(highschool)
# Not specifying the layout - defaults to "auto"
ggraph(graph) +
geom_edge_link(aes(colour = factor(year))) +
geom_node_point()
Not specifying a layout will make ggraph
pick one for you. This is only intended to get quickly up and running. The choice of layout should be deliberate on the part of the user as it will have a great effect on what the end result will communicate. From now on all calls to ggraph()
will contain a specification of the layout:
ggraph(graph, layout = 'kk') +
geom_edge_link(aes(colour = factor(year))) +
geom_node_point()
If the layout algorithm accepts additional parameters (most do), they can be supplied in the call to ggraph()
as well:
ggraph(graph, layout = 'kk', maxiter = 100) +
geom_edge_link(aes(colour = factor(year))) +
geom_node_point()
If any layout parameters refers to node or edge variables they must be supplied as unquoted expression (like inside aes()
and tidyverse
verbs)
In addition to specifying the layout during plot creation it can also happen separately using create_layout()
. This function takes the same arguments as ggraph()
but returns a layout_ggraph
object that can later be used in place of a graph structure in ggraph call:
layout <- create_layout(graph, layout = 'drl')
ggraph(layout) +
geom_edge_link(aes(colour = factor(year))) +
geom_node_point()
Examining the return of create_layout()
we see that it is really just a data.frame
of node positions and (possible) attributes. Furthermore the original graph object along with other relevant information is passed along as attributes:
head(layout)
## x y name .ggraph.orig_index circular .ggraph.index
## 1 27.04612 -7.702951 1 1 FALSE 1
## 2 26.18761 -8.754080 2 2 FALSE 2
## 3 26.18938 -7.707423 3 3 FALSE 3
## 4 28.00574 -9.858020 4 4 FALSE 4
## 5 27.36905 -9.831246 5 5 FALSE 5
## 6 27.07241 -8.678330 6 6 FALSE 6
attributes(layout)
## $names
## [1] "x" "y" "name"
## [4] ".ggraph.orig_index" "circular" ".ggraph.index"
##
## $row.names
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
## [24] 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
## [47] 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
## [70] 70
##
## $graph
## # A tbl_graph: 70 nodes and 506 edges
## #
## # A directed multigraph with 1 component
## #
## # Edge Data: 506 x 4 (active)
## from to year direction
## <int> <int> <dbl> <fct>
## 1 1 13 1957 right
## 2 1 14 1957 right
## 3 1 20 1957 left
## 4 1 52 1957 left
## 5 1 53 1957 left
## 6 2 20 1957 left
## # ... with 500 more rows
## #
## # Node Data: 70 x 2
## name .ggraph.orig_index
## <chr> <int>
## 1 1 1
## 2 2 2
## 3 3 3
## # ... with 67 more rows
##
## $class
## [1] "layout_tbl_graph" "layout_ggraph" "data.frame"
##
## $circular
## [1] FALSE
As it is just a data.frame
it means that any standard ggplot2
call will work by addressing the nodes. Still, use of the geom_node_*()
family provided by ggraph
is encouraged as it makes it explicit which part of the data structure is being worked with.
Out of the box ggraph
supports dendrogram
and igraph
objects natively as well as hclust
and network
through conversion to one of the above. If there is wish for support for additional classes this can be achieved by adding a set of specific methods to the class. The ggraph
source code should be your guide in this but I will briefly describe the methods below:
create_layout.myclass()
This method is responsible for taking a graph structure and returning a layout_ggraph
object. The object is just a data.frame
with the correct class and attributes added. The class should be c('layout_myclass', 'layout_ggraph', 'data.frame')
and it should at least have a graph
attribute holding the original graph object as well as a circular
attribute with a logical giving whether the layout has been transformed to a circular representation or not. If the graph structure contains any additional information about the nodes this should be added to the data.frame
as columns so these are accessible during plotting.
getEdges.layout_myclass()
This method takes the return value of create_layout.myclass()
and returns the edges of the graph structure. The return value should be in the form of an edge list with a to
and from
column giving the indexes of the terminal nodes of the edge. Furthermore, it must contain a circular
column, again indicating whether the layout should be considered circular. If there are any additional data attached to the edges in the graph structure these should be added as columns to the data.frame
.
getConnection.layout_myclass()
This method is intended to return the shortest path between two nodes as a list of node indexes. This method can be ignored but will result in lack of support for geom_conn_*
layers.
layout_myclass_*()
Any type of layout algorithm that needs to be available to this class should be defined as a separate layout_myclass_layoutname()
function. This function will be called when 'layoutname'
is used in the layout
argument in ggraph()
or create_layout()
. At a minimum each new class should have a layout_myclass_auto()
defined.
There’s a lot of different layouts in ggraph
— first and foremost because igraph
implements a lot of layouts for drawing node-edge diagrams and all of these are available in ggraph
. Additionally, ggraph
provides a lot of new layout types and algorithms for your drawing pleasure.
Some layouts can be shown effectively both in a standard Cartesian projection as well as in a polar projection. The standard approach in ggplot2
has been to change the coordinate system with the addition of e.g. coord_polar()
. This approach — while consistent with the grammar — is not optimal for ggraph
as it does not allow layers to decide how to respond to circularity. The prime example of this is trying to draw straight lines in a plot using coord_polar()
. Instead circularity is part of the layout specification and gets communicated to the layers with the circular
column in the data, allowing each layer to respond appropriately. Sometimes standard and circular representations of the same layout get used so often that they get different names. In ggraph
they’ll have the same name and only differ in whether or not circular
is set to TRUE
:
# An arc diagram
ggraph(graph, layout = 'linear') +
geom_edge_arc(aes(colour = factor(year)))
# A coord diagram
ggraph(graph, layout = 'linear', circular = TRUE) +
geom_edge_arc(aes(colour = factor(year))) +
coord_fixed()
graph <- tbl_graph(flare$vertices, flare$edges)
# An icicle plot
ggraph(graph, 'partition') +
geom_node_tile(aes(fill = depth), size = 0.25)
# A sunburst plot
ggraph(graph, 'partition', circular = TRUE) +
geom_node_arc_bar(aes(fill = depth), size = 0.25) +
coord_fixed()
Not every layout has a meaningful circular representation in which cases the circular
argument will be ignored.
igraph
provides a total of 13 different layout algorithms for classic node-edge diagrams (colloquially referred to as hairballs). Some of these are incredibly simple such as randomly, grid, circle, and star, while others tries to optimize the position of nodes based on different characteristics of the graph. There is no such thing as “the best layout algorithm” as algorithms have been optimized for different scenarios. Experiment with the choices at hand and remember to take the end result with a grain of salt, as it is just one of a range of possible “optimal node position” results. Below is a sample of some of the layouts available through igraph
applied to the highschool graph.
graph <- as_tbl_graph(highschool) %>%
mutate(degree = centrality_degree())
lapply(c('fr', 'kk', 'lgl', 'graphopt'), function(layout) {
ggraph(graph, layout = layout) +
geom_edge_link(aes(colour = factor(year)), show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_node_point() +
labs(caption = paste0('Layout: ', layout))
})
A hive plot, while still technically a node-edge diagram, is a bit different from the rest as it uses information pertaining to the nodes, rather than the connection information in the graph. This means that hive plots, to a certain extent are more interpretable as well as less vulnerable to small changes in the graph structure. They are less common though, so use will often require some additional explanation.
graph <- graph %>%
mutate(friends = ifelse(
centrality_degree(mode = 'in') < 5, 'few',
ifelse(centrality_degree(mode = 'in') >= 15, 'many', 'medium')
))
ggraph(graph, 'hive', axis = friends, sort.by = degree) +
geom_edge_hive(aes(colour = factor(year))) +
geom_axis_hive(aes(colour = friends), size = 2, label = FALSE) +
coord_fixed()
Trees and hierarchies are an important subset of graph structures, and ggraph
provides a range of layouts optimized for their visual representation. Some of these use enclosure and position rather than edges to communicate relations (e.g. treemaps and circle packing). Still, these layouts can just as well be used for drawing edges if you wish to:
graph <- tbl_graph(flare$vertices, flare$edges)
set.seed(1)
ggraph(graph, 'circlepack', weight = size) +
geom_node_circle(aes(fill = depth), size = 0.25, n = 50) +
coord_fixed()
set.seed(1)
ggraph(graph, 'circlepack', weight = size) +
geom_edge_link() +
geom_node_point(aes(colour = depth)) +
coord_fixed()
ggraph(graph, 'treemap', weight = size) +
geom_node_tile(aes(fill = depth), size = 0.25)
ggraph(graph, 'treemap', weight = size) +
geom_edge_link() +
geom_node_point(aes(colour = depth))
The most recognized tree plot is probably dendrograms though. If nothing else is stated the height of each node is calculated based on the distance to its farthest sibling (the tree layout, on the other hand, puts all nodes at a certain depth at the same level):
ggraph(graph, 'dendrogram') +
geom_edge_diagonal()
The height of each branch point can be set to a variable — e.g. the height provided by hclust and dendrogram objects:
dendrogram <- hclust(dist(iris[, 1:4]))
ggraph(dendrogram, 'dendrogram', height = height) +
geom_edge_elbow()
Dendrograms are one of the layouts that are amenable for circular transformations, which can be effective in giving more space at the leafs of the tree at the expense of the space given to the root:
ggraph(dendrogram, 'dendrogram', circular = TRUE) +
geom_edge_elbow() +
coord_fixed()


☾ dark mode
CV
☺
Hailing from Taiwan, Yu-chuan 'Tooz' Hsu is a project manager and a freelance translator/ interpreter based in 🌍💻. When she's not working, she enjoys traveling, photography,
and making gifs.
🙃🙃🙃
{{ content }}
🐤 by Tooztooz
🏰 mind palace (lol)


VHS: videojs-http-streaming
Sources
Options
Representations
Player Stats
Preloaded Sources
Source URL
Url
Source Type (uses url extension if blank, usually application/x-mpegURL or application/dash+xml)
Type
Optional Keystems JSON:
keySystems JSON
Load
Minified VHS (reloads player)
Synchronous Web Workers (reloads player)
Enable the live UI (reloads player)
Fluid mode
Debug Logging
Muted
Autoplay
Use networkInfo API for bandwidth estimations (reloads player)
Use DTS instead of PTS for Timestamp Offset calculation (reloads player)
[EXPERIMENTAL] Enables support for ll-hls (reloads player)
[EXPERIMENTAL] Use Buffer Level for ABR (reloads player)
[EXPERIMENTAL] Use exact manifest timings for segment choices (reloads player)
[EXPERIMENTAL] Use the Pixel difference resolution selector (reloads player)
Override Native (reloads player)
Mirror sources from player.src (reloads player, uses EXPERIMENTAL sourceset option)
Use Forced Subtitles (reloads player)
Preload (reloads player)
auto
none
metadata
Representations
Current Time:
0
Buffered:
-
Video Buffered:
-
Audio Buffered:
-
Seekable:
-
-
-
Video Bitrate:
0 kbps
Measured Bitrate:
0 kbps
Video Timestamp Offset
0
Audio Timestamp Offset
0


Full-Stack Web Developer
I am Hamid Ali from Gilgit Pakistan, I have done BBIT from Karakoram International University and currently working as Full-Stack Web Developer there.
Responsive Multi Lingual Website developed in WordPress and Laravel
View ProjectBBIT
Department of Computer Science
[Karakoram International University]
2011 ‐2015
Feb. 2016 - To Date
Sept. 2015- Feb. 2016
PHP
Laravel
Wordpress
Node/AdonisJS
Version Control/Git
HTML/HTML5
CSS/CSS3/SASS+SCSS
JavaScript/ES6
Bootstrap/UIKIT


xvidtune - video mode tuner for Xorg
xvidtune [ -show | -prev | -next | -unlock ] [ -toolkitoption .|.|. ]
Xvidtune is a client interface to the X server video mode extension (XFree86-VidModeExtension).
When given one of the non-toolkit options, xvidtune provides a command line interface to either print or switch the video mode.
Without any options (or with only toolkit options) it presents the user with various buttons and sliders that can be used to interactively adjust existing video modes. It will also print the settings in a format suitable for inclusion in an xorg.conf file.
Normally the Xorg X servers only allow changes to be made with the XFree86-VidModeExtension from clients connected via a local connection type.
Note: The original mode settings can be restored by pressing the `R' key, and this can be used to restore a stable screen in situations where the screen becomes unreadable.
The available buttons are:
Left Right Up Down
Adjust the video mode so that the display will be moved in the appropriate direction.
Wider Narrower Shorter Taller
Adjust the video mode so that the display size is altered appropriately.
Quit Exit the program.
Apply Adjust the current video mode to match the selected settings.
Auto Cause the Up/Down/Right/Left, Wider/Narrower/Shorter/Taller, Restore, and the special S3 buttons to be applied immediately. This button can be toggled.
Test Temporarily switch to the selected settings.
Restore Return the settings to their original values.
Fetch Query the server for its current settings.
Show Print the currently selected settings to stdout in xorg.conf "Modeline" format. The primary selection is similarly set.
Next Switch the Xserver to the next video mode.
Prev Switch the Xserver to the previous video mode.
For some S3-based cards (964 and 968) the following are also available:
InvertVCLK Change the VCLK invert/non-invert state.
EarlySC Change the Early SC state. This affects screen wrapping.
BlankDelay1 BlankDelay2
Set the blank delay values. This affects screen wrapping. Acceptable values are in the range 0-7. The values may be incremented or decremented with the `+' and `-' buttons, or by pressing the `+' or `-' keys in the text field.
For S3-864/868 based cards InvertVCLK and BlankDelay1 may be useful. For S3 Trio32/Trio64 cards only InvertVCLK is available. At the moment there are no default settings available for these chips in the video mode extension and thus this feature is disabled in xvidtune. It can be enabled by setting any of the optional S3 commands in the screen section of xorg.conf, e.g. using
blank_delay \(** 0
xvidtune accepts the standard X Toolkit command line options as well as the following:
-show Print the current settings to stdout in xorg.conf "Modeline" format and exit.
-prev Switch the Xserver to the previous video mode.
-next Switch the Xserver to the next video mode.
-unlock Normally, xvidtune will disable the switching of video modes via hot-keys while it is running. If for some reason the program did not exit cleanly and they are still disabled, the program can be re-run with this option to re-enable the mode switching key combinations.
xrandr (1), Xorg (1), xorg.conf (5).
Kaleb S. Keithley, X Consortium.
Additions and modifications by Jon Tombs, David Dawes, and Joe Moss.
X Error handling, i.e. when the server does not allow xvidtune clients to write new modes, could be better.


Brandenburger Tor, Berlin, Coordinates (long/lat): [13.377722, 52.516272],
link
Nearby Places
Show Nearby Places


RT @rstevens: Umberto Eco uses 50% less fuel and 30% less packaging than regular Umberto
9/23/2017, 12:00:23 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
RT @rstevens: Umberto Eco uses 50% less fuel and 30% less packaging than regular Umberto
9/23/2017, 12:00:23 AM
Favs: 0
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link


Enhanced Custom Page Management - also known as EzCPM or ECPM - was designed and created by Kaelon Egan and Lorenzo Lopez.
We do plan to release a quick How-To doc as well as a Version 2.0 with the following features. Look for that in the future.
If you have questions, comments, bugs, etc - feel free to reach out to us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This plugin is not affiliated with Pearson.


public class Clustering
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.lang.Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
Each node belongs to exactly one cluster.
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected int[] |
clusters
Cluster of each node.
|
protected int |
nClusters
Number of clusters.
|
protected int |
nNodes
Number of nodes.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Clustering(int nNodes)
Constructs a singleton clustering for a specified number of nodes.
|
Clustering(int[] clusters)
Constructs a clustering using a specified cluster for each node.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
double |
calcNormalizedMutualInformation(Clustering clustering)
Calculates the normalized mutual information relative to another
clustering.
|
double |
calcVariationOfInformation(Clustering clustering)
Calculates the variation of information relative to another clustering.
|
Clustering |
clone()
Clones the clustering.
|
int |
getCluster(int node)
Returns the cluster of a node.
|
boolean[] |
getClusterIsNotEmpty()
Returns whether the cluster is empty or not for each cluster.
|
int[] |
getClusters()
Returns the cluster of each node.
|
double[] |
getClusterWeights(double[] nodeWeights)
Determine the total node weight of all nodes per cluster.
|
double[] |
getClusterWeights(Network network)
Determine the total node weight of all nodes per cluster.
|
int |
getNClusters()
Returns the number of clusters.
|
int |
getNNodes()
Returns the number of nodes.
|
int[] |
getNNodesPerCluster()
Returns the number of nodes per cluster.
|
int |
getNNonEmptyClusters()
Returns the number of non-empty clusters.
|
int[][] |
getNodesPerCluster()
Returns a list of nodes per cluster.
|
void |
initSingletonClusters()
Initializes a singleton clustering.
|
static Clustering |
load(java.lang.String filename)
Loads a clustering from a file.
|
void |
mergeClusters(Clustering clustering)
Merges the clusters based on a clustering of the clusters.
|
void |
orderClustersByNNodes()
Orders the clusters in decreasing order of their number of nodes.
|
void |
orderClustersByWeight(double[] nodeWeights)
Orders the clusters in decreasing order of their total node weight.
|
void |
removeEmptyClusters()
Removes empty clusters.
|
void |
removeEmptyClustersLargerThan(int minimumCluster)
Removes empty clusters and relabels clusters to follow consecutive
numbering only for clusters larger than the specified minimum number of
clusters.
|
void |
save(java.lang.String filename)
Saves the clustering in a file.
|
void |
setCluster(int node,
int cluster)
Assigns a node to a cluster.
|
protected int nNodes
protected int nClusters
protected int[] clusters
public Clustering(int nNodes)
nNodes
- Number of nodespublic Clustering(int[] clusters)
clusters
- Cluster of each nodepublic static Clustering load(java.lang.String filename) throws java.lang.ClassNotFoundException, java.io.IOException
filename
- File from which a clustering is loadedjava.lang.ClassNotFoundException
- Class not foundjava.io.IOException
- Could not read the filesave(String filename)
public Clustering clone()
clone
in class java.lang.Object
public void save(java.lang.String filename) throws java.io.IOException
filename
- File in which the clustering is savedjava.io.IOException
- Could not write to the fileload(String filename)
public int getNNodes()
public int getNClusters()
public boolean[] getClusterIsNotEmpty()
public int getNNonEmptyClusters()
getClusterIsNotEmpty()
public int[] getClusters()
public int getCluster(int node)
node
- Nodepublic int[] getNNodesPerCluster()
public int[][] getNodesPerCluster()
public void setCluster(int node, int cluster)
node
- Nodecluster
- Clusterpublic void initSingletonClusters()
Each node i
is assigned to a cluster i
.
public void removeEmptyClusters()
Clusters are relabeled to follow a strictly consecutive numbering 0, ..., nClusters - 1
.
public void removeEmptyClustersLargerThan(int minimumCluster)
Each empty cluster larger that minimumCluster
is reassigned to
the lowest available cluster, in the order of the existing clusters. For
example, if minimumCluster = 5
and cluster 2 and 7 are empty,
then cluster 8 is relabeled to 7 (and 9 to 8, etc...), but clusters 0-4
remain as they are.
minimumCluster
- Minimum cluster to start relabeling frompublic double[] getClusterWeights(Network network)
network
- Network with node weightsgetClusterWeights(double[] nodeWeight)
public double[] getClusterWeights(double[] nodeWeights)
nodeWeights
- Array of node weightspublic void orderClustersByNNodes()
public void orderClustersByWeight(double[] nodeWeights)
The total node weight of a cluster equals the sum of the weights of the nodes belonging to the cluster.
nodeWeights
- Node weightsorderClustersByNNodes()
public void mergeClusters(Clustering clustering)
clustering
- Clustering of the clusterspublic double calcNormalizedMutualInformation(Clustering clustering)
clustering
- Other clusteringpublic double calcVariationOfInformation(Clustering clustering)
clustering
- Other clustering


E-Commerce is the foundation of any business-to-consumer site. Typically, these businesses would have a welcoming online presence, including a website with shopping cart, ways to process payment and handle orders.
For a web site to be relevant to the end-user, it needs to be responsive. This will ensure that the site is flexible to fit on any device the user uses, whether it’s on a desktop, tablet or mobile device.
Being Security+ and Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) certified, making sure the website is secure is crucial.


Call for Paper
TDNIS-2019 invites original, technically sound, high-quality research papers proposing novel solutions addressing the problems related to Data Science
and analytics. Major topics of interest to the conference include, but are not limited to:
- Analytics as a Service
- Classification and regression
- parallel and distributed learning
- semi and unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning
- Data Mining, graph mining and Analytics
- Feature engineering
- Deep learning
- Bayesian methods
- Time series analysis, optimization, graphical models
- Text analytics and NLP
- Information retrieval, knowledge representation, planning and reasoning
- Crowdsourcing, Embedded and Mobile Databases
- Real-time Databases, Sensors and IoT, Stream Databases
- Streaming Data Analytics
- Crowd sourcing, Embedded and Mobile Databases
- Real-time Databases, Stream Databases
- Streaming Data Analytics
- Visual Analytics
- Fuzzy, Probabilistic and Approximate Databases
- Information Retrieval, Text in Databases
- Robotics, Human Computer Interaction, Computer Vision, Image Processing
- Machine Learning
- Ambient Intelligence, Sentiment Analysis
- Analytics on sensor networks and IoT
- Surveillance/monitoring and anomaly detection in networked systems
- Knowledge discovery, clustering
- Urban computing and technology for emerging markets
Publication
The proceedings of DNIS 2019 will be published by Springer LNCS series. Selected extended papers will be published in IJCSE, Inderscience.
Important Dates:
Full paper submissions:
Research paper notifications:
Camera-ready submission:
Date of Registration:
Contact:
Dr. Shelly Sachdeva, Head, Department of CSE,
National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.


In this tutorial, we will show you how you can use npm to develop a small web application. We will start from scratch - we will set up a package.json, install a bunch of libraries and make things work nicely together.
A few weeks ago, the jQuery plugins website, which developers used to find and download plugins for the popular client-side library, was switched to read-only mode. Developers are now encouraged to use npm to publish and search for jQuery plugins.
This demonstrates how central npm has become to the JavaScript community. It originally arose as the package manager for node.js, but quickly proved itself versatile for any kind of JavaScript code, and developers started using it to host client-side libraries as well.
In this tutorial, we will show you how you can use npm to develop a small web application. We will start from scratch - we will set up a package.json, install a bunch of libraries and make things work nicely together.
There are two ways to do this. We are going to use the simpler one, which is a great fit for small websites and apps:
npm install <package-name> --save


In the configuration/lisa.json file, you will find parameters to replace according your needs.
lisa_url: You can setup in this field a dns or an ip, pointing to your LISA Server.
lisa_engine_port: This is the communication port you have setup on the LISA Server. By default the value is 10042.
lisa_engine_port_ssl: This is the secure communication port you have setup on the LISA Server. By default the value is 10043.
enable_secure_mode: This value define if the client should connect to the server with SSL or not. By default the value is false.
debug_input: If this value is true, all data received will be displayed on the stdout or logged in a file. By default this value is true.
debug_output: If this value is true, all data sent will be displayed on the stdout or logged in a file. By default this value is true.
zone: Define the zone where is located the client. By default this value is “zone1”. There can be more than one client per zone.
tts: You can setup the module that will be used by speech-dispatcher here.
lang: This is the language the tts will use.


{% extends "registration/base.html" %} {% block title %}Activation successful - {{ block.super }}{% endblock title %} {% block content %}
Your account has been activated please login


[§121-10.5] Prisoner of war and missing in action designations. The State of Hawaii hereby recognizes the designations of prisoner of war and missing in action as valid descriptions of casualty status and category classification for military personnel. [L 2010, c 88, §1]


Human skull and skeleton dredged up from the depths of the Thames 'belonged to convict thrown overboard from 18th century prison ship'
by Katie Weston For Mailonline- Lara Maiklem, 48, found the barnacle-encrusted skull and skeleton in summer
- The remains from the Thames have been dated between 200 and 300 years old
- The bones are thought to be from a convict who became ill onboard a prison ship
- The skull and partial skeleton will be studied by forensics experts in Australia
A human skull and partial skeleton dredged up from the murky depths of the River Thames is thought to be a convict thrown overboard from an 18th century prison ship.
The remains are now to be studied by leading forensics experts in Australia in the hope of finding out why the person came to be buried in a shallow grave next to mudflats in the Thames Estuary.
They have been dated between 200 and 300 years old and were discovered in an area where prison hulks would moor before setting off for Australian penal colonies.
Mudlarking expert Lara Maiklem stumbled across the gruesome find in summer after seeing the top of a skull poking through stones.
Ms Maiklem, known as the London Mudlark for her hobby of scavenging the water's edge for interesting finds, then discovered leg and arm bones nearby.
She is convinced the bones belonged to a convict who became ill on a prison ship and whose body was hastily disposed of in the riverside mud.
She says similar finds are now becoming more common as the London water level rises and begins to wash away old burial places.
Ms Maiklem, 48, who documents her finds on her London Mudlark social media accounts, gathered up the bones and marked the spot using GPS before informing the police, the Museum of London and the local finds liaison officer.
The bones were taken to a police forensics lab in Scotland where they were dated.
It is thought the body may be one of hundreds of people buried alongside the Thames foreshore after they became ill on prison ships.
Many were simply slung over the side and hastily buried so as not to make others onboard sick.
Now, a university expert in Australia wants to study the remnants to see if she can shed further light on who they might belong to.
Dr Paola Magni is a senior lecturer in forensic science at Murdoch University in Perth and specialises in the study of barnacles on bones.
She said the university was 'very excited' to receive the bones.
Dr Magni said: 'Back in June I travelled to the UK to present my research about barnacles and suddenly Lara's discovery - a skull covered by barnacles - popped up on my social media.
'I thought 'this is a sign!' It is a very interesting case for me.
'I contacted Lara via social media to explain my work and the prospective research that could be done on the skull.
'It looks like this possibility is becoming a reality.'
The research will be headed by the Western Australia Museum and will also include museum director and barnacle expert Diana Jones, forensic pathologist and facial reconstructor Edda Guareschi and oceanographer Dr Jennifer Verduin.
Dr Verduin has been brought in to try and find out how the skull came to its geographical location as barnacles are usually seawater creatures.
Dr Magni added: 'A multidisciplinary investigation like this is extremely rare and is a great opportunity for forensic science education.
'Overall we would like to give a face to this person and reconstruct his story, from the cause of death, the place of death and the movements of the remains during the years. The evidence left by nature will give us the evidence to solve this mystery.'

Ms Maiklem, who lives on the Kent coast and has published several books on her hobby, said she was pleased so much research was being done to try and find out more about her Thames skull.
'This person deserved more than they got,' she said.
'They could have been on a prison hulk for something as minor as stealing a loaf of bread to feed their family, the things they transported them for were so minor.
'I think this person deserves more than being put into an industrial incinerator.'
Ms Maiklem was in the Thames Estuary when the tide was out and was walking back over mud flaps with a friend when the skull caught their eye.
She said: 'It was down in a little hollow.
'The river often doesn't move things very far. The law is that we have to tell police when we suspect we have discovered human remains.
Deadman's Island: Dozens of inmates' remains exposed on an island in Kent
The islands in Kent, owned by Natural England, were used as a mass burial ground for criminals who died on prison ships in the 1800s.
Coastal erosion began to expose the remains in 2017, with dozens of coffins and bodies uncovered by waters.
Experts say more than 1,000 men and boys were incarcerated in floating fortresses 'Retribution' and 'Bellerophon' anchored at Sheerness, made of decommissioned Ships of the Line stripped of their masts and sails.
Naval historian Professor Eric Grove said: 'Obviously when people died on board these prison hulks they had to be buried somewhere and island close-by was the obvious place.'
There has been debate about how bad the conditions were on board, but it is believed a cholera outbreak on Retribution on the 1830s may help explain the dozens of bodies now littering the island.
Transportation of convict ships from Britain and Ireland to Australia officially ended in 1868.
Professor Groves added: 'There were a lot of men in close quarters, and if an epidemic began it spread quickly.'
'We gathered up what we could find together, dug a shallow pit and put a stake in the ground and took a GPS reading.
'Police went and gathered them during the next tide.'
She added: 'The skull was covered in barnacles and it was obvious to me that it was quite old, but the police had to come anyway. They told me they had an ongoing case in the area.
'It's highly likely that this skeleton has come from a prison ship moored in the area, often they were moored on the marshes around Woolwich and housed Napoleonic prisoners of war.
'These ships were just dreadful. As soon as there was any sign of disease onboard it would have spread like wildfire.
'When they died they just buried them on the nearest patch of land.
'River levels have risen by a foot so it's starting to erode these areas where they buried people.'
Prison hulks were decommissioned warships, stripped of their masts, rigging and sails and used to house those convicted of both serious and minor crimes.
They were moored up along the Thames and Medway estuaries, as well as at Portsmouth, Bermuda and Gibraltar where prisoners were put to work in the dockyards.
They often held criminals awaiting transportation to penal colonies in Australia.
In 1798 the hulks held more than 1,400 out of about 1,900 people waiting for transportation to Australia.
The Thames skull is currently at Kent Police Headquarters in Maidstone, Kent, and is soon to be signed over to Dr Magni.
Ms Maiklem added: 'We may finally get to look into the face of this man and if he was awaiting transportation he may finally make it to Australia after all.'


What is mAP for Objects Detection tasks?
mAP as a main metric for Objects Detection
Related Course where mAP is used
Training YOLO v3 for Objects Detection with Custom Data. Build your own detector by labelling, training and testing on image, video and in real time with camera. Join here: https://www.udemy.com/course/training-yolo-v3-for-objects-detection-with-custom-data/
Concept Map of the Course
Join the Course
https://www.udemy.com/course/training-yolo-v3-for-objects-detection-with-custom-data/
Content
Definition
mAP (mean average precision) is a metric used to evaluate accuracy, in our case, for Objects Detection tasks. In general, to calculate mAP for a custom model that is trained for Objects Detection tasks, firstly, Average Precision is calculated for every class in the custom model. Then, mean of these calculated Average Precisions across all classes gives mAP. Pay attention! Some papers use Average Precision and mAP interchangeably.
Important terminology
Understanding the calculation process of Average Precision needs to update knowledge of definitions for used parameters.
-
Threshold is used to identify whether prediction of Bounding Box (BB) can be considered as True or False. Usually threshold is set to one of the following: 50%, 75%, 95%.
-
Intersection Over Union (IoU) is a measure that is used to evaluate overlap between two Bounding Boxes (BB). IoU shows how much predicted BB overlaps with so called Ground Truth BB (the one that has real object inside). Comparing IoU with threshold it is possible to define whether predicted BB is True Positive (valid in other words) or False Positive (not valid). IoU is calculated by overlapping area between predicted BB and Ground Truth BB divided by union area of two BB as shown on the Figure below.
- True Positive (TP) is a number of BB with correct predictions, IoU ≥ threshold
- False Positive (FP) is a number of BB with wrong predictions, IoU < threshold
- False Negative (FN) is a number of Ground Truth BB that are not detected
-
True Negative (TN) is a number of BB that are correctly not predicted (as many as possible within an image but not overlap any Ground Truth BB); this parameter is not used for calculating metrics
-
Precision represents percentage of correct positive predictions of BB (how accurate are predicted BB) and shows an ability of the trained model to detect relevant objects. Precision is calculated as following:
-
Recall represents percentage of True Positive predictions of BB among all relevant Ground Truth BB and shows an ability of the trained model to detect all Ground Truth BB. Recall is calculated as following:
- Precision and Recall curve represents performance of the trained model by plotting a curve of Precisions values against Recalls values and form a kind of zig-zag graph as shown on Figure below.
In order to plot Precision and Recall curve, it is needed to collect detected BB by their confidences in descending order. Then, calculate Precision and Recall for every detected BB as it is shown in Table below. In current example, threshold is set to 50% saying that predicted BB is correct if IoU ≥ 0.5. Total number of correct predictions TP = 5 and total number of wrong predictions FP = 5.
| BB | Confidence | TP or FP | Precision | Recall |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 96% | TP | 1/1 = 1 | 1/5 = 0.2 |
| 2 | 94% | FP | 1/2 = 0.5 | 1/5 = 0.2 |
| 3 | 90% | TP | 2/3 = 0.67 | 2/5 = 0.4 |
| 4 | 89% | TP | 3/4 = 0.75 | 3/5 = 0.6 |
| 5 | 81% | FP | 3/5 = 0.6 | 3/5 = 0.6 |
| 6 | 75% | TP | 4/6 = 0.67 | 4/5 = 0.8 |
| 7 | 63% | TP | 5/7 = 0.71 | 5/5 = 1 |
| 8 | 59% | FP | 5/8 = 0.62 | 5/5 = 1 |
| 9 | 54% | FP | 5/9 = 0.56 | 5/5 = 1 |
| 10 | 51% | FP | 5/10 = 0.5 | 5/5 = 1 |
Calculating Average Precision (AP)
AP is calculated by considering area under Interpolated Precision and Recall curve. Firstly, Recall values are divided into 11 points as following: [0, 0.1, 0,2 … 1] as shown on Figure below.
Then, average of maximum precision values is computed for these 11 Recall points.
From our example, AP will be calculated as following:
AP = (1/11) * (1+1+1+0.75+0.75+0.75+0.75+0.71+0.71+0.71+0.71) = 0.81


| Struts 2 > UI Components |
WebWork has wide support for various view technologies, including JSP, FreeMarker, Velocity, JasperReports, and others. Much of the view support is abstracted out to a common set of "UI components" that have hooks in for specific technologies, such as JSP tags or FreeMarker "transform models". In this section, we'll describe the generic UI components, what they do, and what they're supported parameters are. Then, separately, we'll describe how the various view technologies hook in to these components.
| Technology-specific features Some view technologies have features or tags unique only to them. These are also outlined in detail in their respective sections. For example, some features may only be available in JSP. Over time, if there is enough demand, these features might be pulled up to the generic UI components so that every view technology can use them. |


Notes for Friday, April 21
- We define a linear classifier as a function that takes points in a multi-dimensional space (think different variables) and maps those points to positive or negative. We'll do this by defining a vector in the same variable space. The "prediction" (positive or negative) will be the sign of the inner product of the data vector and the classifier vector. If the two vectors are pointing in the same direction, this will be positive. If they're pointing in opposite directions the inner product will be negative. If the inner product is zero, then the data vector lies exactly on the boundary.
- How do we find the best classifier vector? It should be pointing in the same direction as the positive data vectors, and away from the negative data vectors. The perceptron algorithm tries to build a good classifier as quickly as possible by updating the classifier vector after each new example, and ignoring the data vectors that are already being handled correctly.
- But how do we update the classifier vector for the vectors we do want to handle? In this work we'll show visually, using animation, how this works.


NCSS Soil Characterization Point Data Cluster Map with Generated Profile
Mouse over a cluster to see the bounds of its children and click a cluster to zoom to those bounds


This application is meant to work as a complement of other learning material, and not as a replacement of other methods of learning the German language. As such, it might contain involuntary errors, and the user is adviced not to rely only on it for his learning. The developer disclaims to the fullest extent authorized by law any and all other warranties, whether express or implied, including, without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. You assume responsibility for selecting the software to achieve your intended results, and for the results obtained from your use of the software. You shall bear the entire risk as to the quality and the performance of the software.


hilton
Businessmodel of Hilton
Customer Segments
Hilton Worldwide serves a range of customers worldwide. This includes general consumers and commercial customers.
The Company serves consumers through its hotel services, with its hotel guests principally categorised into two categories: transient guests, comprising individual travelers who are traveling for business or leisure; and group guests, comprising those traveling for group events, that may also reserve rooms for meetings, conferences or social functions. Group guest are often attending events organised by commercial or institutional customers, including corporations, social groups, the military, educational institutions, and religious groups.
Hilton Worldwide also serves a range of customers across the real estate and hospitality sectors. This includes property developers, and hotel and timeshare owners to which the Company provides management and timeshare services, as well as franchisees to which the Company licenses its brands and provides consumer financing products.
Hilton Worldwide serves a global customer base. This includes customers across three geographic regions: the Americas, including Central America, and all Caribbean nations; Europe, Middle East and Africa; and Asia Pacific, including India, Australia, New Zealand.
Value Propositions
Hilton Worldwide provides value to its customers in the following ways
- Its industry standing and prestigious reputation, with the Company established as one of the world’s largest and most well-respected hospitality groups, with its name associated with high-quality services and prestige;
- Its high-end hotels and the quality of its services, with the Company providing high-quality services through its hotels, including premium facilities and exceptional customer service;
- Its global reach and international network of hotels, with the Company operating hotels and timeshares around the world, serving customers across international markets in the Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Asia Pacific; and
- The breadth of its brand portfolio, with the Company operating several high-end luxury, hospitality, and lifestyle brands, including Waldorf Astoria, Conrad Hotels and Resorts, and Canopy by Hilton. ### Channels
Hilton Worldwide operates a website at www.hiltonworldwide.com, through which it provides information to customers on its various services, locations, and brands. The Company’s also operates a hotel reservation portal named Hilton HHonors, through which customers can search and book hotel rooms across the Company’s branded hotels and resorts. The Hilton HHonor portal is available through desktop and mobile browsers, as well as through mobile apps on iOS, Android and Windows Phone platforms.
Hilton Worldwide also takes room reservations over the phone through its call centres, as well as through a number of third-party online travel agencies and booking agents, and physical brick and mortar travel outlets.
Hilton Worldwide provides services directly to consumers through its broad portfolio of hotel and resorts across the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia Pacific, and through its numerous brands, including Waldorf Astoria, Canopy, Curio, Hilton Garden Inn, and Home2 Suites.
Hilton Worldwide additionally also operates specialist sales and relationship management teams that deal directly with commercial customers, in order to ensure a personalised and effective service.
Customer Relationships
Hilton Worldwide provides a self-service reservation portal to its customers, through which they are able to arch for availability across all of the Company’s branded hotels and resorts and make bookings, without interacting with members of the Company’s sales and marketing teams.
Hilton Worldwide provides more personalised services to consumers through its telephone booking teams, and through its in-hotel staff, who are available to guests at all times to answer queries and respond to complaints. The Company works closely on an ongoing basis with commercial customers, particularly developers and hotel owners to which it provides management services, with a view to establishing lasting relationships.
Customers are able to access additional assistance through Hilton Worldwide’s dedicated customer support team, which can be contacted over the phone. The Company also provides a range of online resources such as FAQs, and operates social media accounts with Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Flickr, YouTube, and Instagram, through which it can interact directly with consumers.
Key Activities
Hilton Worldwide is a hospitality company and hotel operator. The Company is engaged primarily in the ownership, leasing, management, development and franchising of hotels, resorts and timeshare properties, as well as the licensing of its brands to third parties.
Hilton Worldwide’s activities are divided into three business segments: Ownership, which owns and manages more than 150 hotels worldwide with approximately 59,460 rooms; Management and Franchise, which manages hotels, resorts and timeshare properties owned by third parties and licenses its brands to franchisees; and Timeshare, which markets and sells timeshare properties across the world. Hilton Worldwide currently owns or manages around 4,610 hotels, resorts and timeshare properties in approximately 100 countries and territories.
###
Hilton Worldwide collaborates with various partner companies and organisations across its three operating segments. These partners include:
- Marketing and Distribution Partners, comprising online and physical travel agencies, marketing affiliates, and online booking portals, that assist in extending the Company’s own sales and marketing reach;
- Travel Partners, comprising airline, rail, and cruise operators, as well as car rental companies;
- Joint Venture Partners, comprising a range of property developers and hospitality companies with which the Company collaborates on projects through mutually-owned vehicles;
- Loyalty and Reward Program Partners, comprising a range of commercial partners that participate in the Company’s rewards program, providing various discounted products and services to frequent Hilton Worldwide customers; and
- Strategic and Alliance Partners, comprising a range of companies and organisations across multiple sectors with which the Company collaborates on joint projects. Hilton Worldwide has partners on projects with Baptist Health South Florida in the US, and with CIMC Modular Building Systems in the UK. The Company has also launched a recent partnership with Uber to integrate their respective mobile functionalities.
Key Resources
Hilton Worldwide’s key resources are its portfolio of owned and leased hotels and timeshares, its IT and communications infrastructure, its financial resources and development infrastructure, its sales and distribution channels, its partnerships, and its personnel.
Hilton Worldwide owns and operates more than 150 hotels, and manages more than 4,610 hotels and timeshares worldwide, that are key to the Company’s ongoing business. The Company also owns a range of trademarks and brands that are material to the Company’s value.
Cost Structure
Hilton Worldwide incurs costs in relation to the development and maintenance of its various hotels and timeshares, the management and operation of its physical assets, the maintenance of its IT and communications infrastructure, the operation of its sales and distribution channels, the management of its partnerships, and the retention of its personnel.
In 2015 the Company incurred expenses related to its owned and leased hotels in the amount of $3.17 billion, and timeshare costs totalling $897 million. The Company’s costs from the management of third-party and franchised properties amounted to $4.13 billion. Hilton Worldwide also accrues substantial costs in relation to the payment of salaries and benefits to the its workforce of more 164,000 employees.
Revenue Streams
Hilton Worldwide generates revenue through its hotel management, franchising, and timeshare sales operations. The Company derives its revenue from several streams:
- Hotel fees, charged to transient and group guests in relation to room bookings and related hotel services;
- Management fees, charged to hotel owners and to homeowners’ associations at timeshare properties; and
- Franchise fees, including initial application and initiation fees, charged to new hotels entering the franchise system and monthly royalty fees, generally calculated as a percentage of room revenues. In 2015 Hilton Worldwide generated $11.27 billion in annual revenue, up on the $10.5 billion recorded by the Company in 2014. The largest portion of the Company’s revenue was generated by the Company’s owned and leased hotels, which amounted to $4.23 billion, while revenue from managed and franchise properties totaled $4.13 billion.


The APCF (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility) is home to several research groups and provides highly flexible laboratory and office space. The building has research in structural biology, protein functional characterization and synthesis of unique protein activities. These laboratory activities are supported by common core facilities. The building’s form is a direct reflection of the composite research programs it houses.
This was an incredibly challenging project on so many levels. First, the program is incredibly technical and specialized. We relied on the scientists to provide the level of detail that was required to meet their programmatic needs, however, they were extremely busy with their research. Finding time to meet meant, every meeting was scheduled down to the minute, all the questions prepared ahead of time and each meeting meant a list of goals we'd need to accomplish in order to keep the project moving along.
What came to be is a highly specific, custom building that fits the users needs perfectly. You could never replicate the building for another program or another user. It was meant for these scientist, doing their specific research. That may seem weird, but these were some of the most well-known scientists in the world. It was a pleasure meeting them and getting even a small insight into how they were, and continue to change the world.
The building is a one-story steel structure split in half by a central spine hallway. On one side is the office area for documentation and administrative activities, while the other half of the building was strictly the research and laboratory area. Although the two have different programs and requirements, they are intended to be collaborative and interdependent, allowing scientists to move between the two spaces with ease.
The final outcome in a new home for the Advanced Protein Characterization Facility (APCF), one of the most cutting-edge research facilities in the US. Both Structural Biology and Protein Crystallization can advance their technological research of protein science experiments without being limited by the infrastructure capabilities. The new highly specialized research space is specifically devoted to characterization of the most challenging classes of proteins and assemblies work.


[1]
Solidly built, very good image, excellent stabilization; Large, may draw unwanted attention
[2]
Beautiful picture quality; not perfect


A multi-purpose dashboard that lets you manage a two-level hierarchy of entities. It features two grids in master-detail pattern whose records can be viewed and modified upon selection.
The example below demonstrates its use to manage students.
Created by: Anuj Agrawal (AnujGeek.com)
Technologies used:
FrontEnd: {{FrontEnd}}
BackEnd: {{BackEnd}}


General-purpose Grid display for any TRC sheet.
Sheet contents
When you make a change, the cell starts off red. When the change is successfully saved to the server, the cell turns green.
Page version:


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% from "govuk/components/summary-list/macro.njk" import govukSummaryList %} {% from "components/enable-link.html" import enabledLink with context %} {% from "govuk/components/button/macro.njk" import govukButton %} {% block content %}


SA Coach: The Headache I Am Facing…
by Soccer LadumaThe South African U23 side head coach, David Notoane revealed the next headache he faces heading in to Tokyo.
The 2020 Summer Olympics will kick-off in Japan in July next year, with South Africa booking their spot in the prestigious event after beating Ghana to a third place finish.
Read more: City Confirm Progress Of One More Midfielder
Speaking to the media after the game, Notoane pointed out how he is hopeful he will have the backing of the association next year to prepare for the event.
“We have to go back to the drawing board and prepare now for the bigger stage in the Olympic tournament in Tokyo, which comes in the period of July to August,” he said.
“There is challenges, of course, there is a domestic league that is taking place, unlike in Egypt where the FA stops the professional league games from continuing, so if I check my calendar there is only one FIFA break so I hope that I will get support from the professional clubs to make sure that there is a lot of preparation matches and that we have the players available because our league will only end in May, so that is the big headache I am facing,” he added.
Earn Airtime & Data With Soccer Laduma's Social Media App - Download Now


We source our food responsibly, supporting small local food producers and suppliers. Organic, local and sustainable produce will feature across the menu, changing slightly depending on season and what our local farms and suppliers have available.


Rupert Grint says there was secret romance between Emma Watson and Tom Felton
Rupert Grint claims spark between Emma Watson and Tom Felton as teens after old dating rumours resurface
by Irishmirror.ieHarry Potter actor Rupert Grint has revealed cast mates Emma Watson and Tom Felton were more than just friends.
Rupert, who played Ron Weasley in the magical franchise, said there was "romance" between Emma, who played Hermione Granger, and Tom, who played Draco Malfoy.
The cast worked together for ten years as they worked on the eight films, beginning in their early teens.
And Rupert has cheekily called the spark between Emma and Tom a "playground romance", adding that he could see see the two of them together.
He told Entertainment Tonight : "There was always something. There was a little bit of a spark.
"But we were kids. It was like any kind of playground romance."
Rupert insisted his own experience was "spark free", and him and Emma have previously spoken about the awkwardness of sharing an on screen kiss when they had grown up together as pals.
Rupert has been dating Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging star Georgia Groome since 2011.
Tom split from his long term girlfriend Jade Gordon in 2016, while Emma recently announced she was happily " self-partnered ".

"Between the ages of 10 and 12, I had a really terrible crush on Tom Felton", she giggled.
"We love a bad guy and he was a few years older and he had a skateboard. And that just did it, really.
"He used to do tricks on it. He was so cool."
And Potterheads will be delighted to hear how he gushed over Emma to the MailOnline , saying: "It’s always nice to bump into her, see her at the beach, or over dinner, or whatever.
"She’s an incredibly smart and lovely young lady, so it’s always nice to bump into each other and slightly reminisce about old times but also about looking forward to the future."
He also revealed the cast try to meet when they can, and when they do "it's like no time has passed at all".
And he confessed he would be delighted to reunite for another Harry Potter fim.
"But, seriously, if there was another chance to be in another movie then I’m sure all of us would jump at the chance to be part of it", he said.
"I don’t think Jo [Rowling] would want her films, her books rather and her films, to be remade anytime soon.
"But I’m sure in 20 years when they’ve got 4D, scratch-and-sniff cinemas, or whatever, then they’ll want to do it all over again.
"My hope is that when they do it I’ll be old enough to play Lucius!
"Give it another 15 years and I’ll come back and play Lucius. I would do it in a heartbeat."


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public class RGBf
extends java.lang.Object
This class implements the basic functionality for an RGB colour as required for rendering and 3D graphics use. This class is patterned after and most code adapted from the CRGBf class of the JOEY toolkit written and distributed by Crisis in Perspective, Inc. Additionally, the normalized RGB sampling for spectral curves as described in Hall, "Comparing Spectral Computation Methods", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, July 1999 is implemented as part of this class.
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
float |
b |
float |
g |
RGBf |
m_next
A pointer to tne next RGBf in a cache if this object is cached.
|
float |
r |
static float[][] |
s_fCIEXYZ |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
RGBf()
Creates a new instance of RGBf initialized to 0,0,0.
|
RGBf(float red,
float green,
float blue)
Creates a new instance of RGBf initialized to a specified colour.
|
RGBf(RGBf rgbInit)
Creates a new instance of RGBf initialized to a specified colour.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
RGBf |
add(RGBf rgb)
Add another RGB colour to this one.
|
RGBf |
clamp()
Clamps the red, green, and blue colour components to be in the range 0.0 to 1.0.
|
java.lang.Object |
clone()
Clone this RGB colour.
|
RGBf |
cloneRGBf()
Clone this RGB colour.
|
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object obj)
Tests another object, obj, for equality with this RGB colour.
|
boolean |
equals(RGBf rgb)
Tests another RGB colour, rgb, for equality with this RGB colour.
|
float |
getBlue()
Get the blue component of the RGB colour.
|
float |
getGreen()
Get the green component of this RGB colour.
|
float |
getRed()
Get the red component of this RGB colour.
|
RGBf |
mult(RGBf rgb)
Multiplies this RGB colour by another.
|
RGBf |
scale(float fScale)
Scales this RGB colour by a scalar.
|
void |
setBlue(float fBlue)
Set the blue component of the RGB colour.
|
void |
setGreen(float fGreen)
Set the green component of the RGB colour.
|
void |
setRed(float fRed)
Set the red component of this RGB colour
|
RGBf |
setValue(org.w3c.dom.Element xmlElement,
boolean bLight)
Sets the value of this RGB colour from the attributes of an XML DOM Element.
|
RGBf |
setValue(float red,
float green,
float blue)
Sets the components of this RGB colour as specified.
|
RGBf |
setValue(RGBf rgb)
Sets this RGB colour equal to another RGB colour.
|
RGBf |
setValue(java.lang.String strSpectralFile,
boolean bLight)
Sets this RGB colour to be a metamer for a spectral curve.
|
void |
toXmlAttr(org.w3c.dom.Element element)
Adds the RGB definition attribute to the XML DOM element.
|
public static final float[][] s_fCIEXYZ
public RGBf m_next
public float r
public float g
public float b
public RGBf()
public RGBf(float red, float green, float blue)
red
- The red component.green
- The green component.blue
- The blue component.public RGBf(RGBf rgbInit)
rgbInit
- A colour that the newly instantiated colour should be set to.public float getRed()
public void setRed(float fRed)
fRed
- The new red component.public float getGreen()
public void setGreen(float fGreen)
fGreen
- The new green component.public float getBlue()
public void setBlue(float fBlue)
fBlue
- The new blue component.public RGBf setValue(float red, float green, float blue)
red
- The red component.green
- The green component.blue
- The blue component.public RGBf setValue(RGBf rgb)
rgb
- The RGB colour this colour will be set equal to.public RGBf setValue(java.lang.String strSpectralFile, boolean bLight)
strSpectralFile
- The file containing the spectral data.bLight
- true if this is a light source, false otherwise. If true,
the RGB components are set per the CIEXYZ sampling and transformation into RGB. If false the
sampling is normalized to be a reflectance value using the normalization that would result in a perfect mirror
having a RGB reflectance of 1,1,1public RGBf setValue(org.w3c.dom.Element xmlElement, boolean bLight)
<someTag rgb="r,g,b" scale="scale"/>or:
<someTag spectral="spectralFileName" scale="scale"/>
|
xmlElement
- The XML DOM Element.bLight
- true if this is a light source, false otherwise. bLight is used
only if the RGB colour is being initialized from spectral curve data, and it controls how the
CIEXYZ sampling to RGB is normalized.public void toXmlAttr(org.w3c.dom.Element element)
element
- The element the colour attribute should be added to.public RGBf scale(float fScale)
fScale
- The scale factor.public RGBf add(RGBf rgb)
rgb
- The RGB colour that will be added to this one.public RGBf mult(RGBf rgb)
rgb
- The RGB colour that will be multiplied with this colour.public RGBf clamp()
public boolean equals(RGBf rgb)
rgb
- The RGB colour to be tested. This colour is unchanged.public boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj)
equals
in class java.lang.Object
obj
- The object to be tested. This colour is unchanged.public java.lang.Object clone()
clone
in class java.lang.Object
public RGBf cloneRGBf()


ThemeManager
@objc(TKThemeManager)
public class ThemeManager : NSObject
Use ThemeManager
shared instance to perform app-wide theming related operations,
such as:
- Get information about current theme/appearance
- Change current
theme
(can also be changed fromNSUserDefaults
) - List available themes
- Define
ThemeKit
behaviour
-
ThemeManager shared manager.
Declaration
Swift
@objc(sharedManager) public static let shared: ThemeManager
-
Enables or disables ThemeKit functionality.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var isEnabled: Bool { get set }
-
Sets or returns the current theme.
This property is KVO compliant. Value is stored on user defaults under key
userDefaultsThemeKey
.Declaration
Swift
@objc public var theme: Theme { get set }
-
Returns the current effective theme (read-only).
This property is KVO compliant. This can return a different result than
theme
, as if current theme is set toSystemTheme
, effective theme will be eitherlightTheme
ordarkTheme
, respecting user preference at System Preferences > General > Appearance.Declaration
Swift
@objc public var effectiveTheme: Theme { get }
-
List all available themes:
- Built-in
lightTheme
- Built-in
darkTheme
- Built-in
systemTheme
- All native themes (extending
NSObject
and conforming toTheme
protocol) - All user themes (loaded from
.theme
files)
This property is KVO compliant and will change when changes occur on user themes folder.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var themes: [Theme] { get }
- Built-in
-
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var userThemes: [Theme] { get }
-
Convenience method for accessing the light theme.
This property can be changed so that
SystemTheme
resolves to this theme instead of the defaultLightTheme
.Declaration
Swift
@objc public static var lightTheme: Theme
-
Convenience method for accessing the dark theme.
This property can be changed so that
SystemTheme
resolves to this theme instead of the defaultDarkTheme
.Declaration
Swift
@objc public static var darkTheme: Theme
-
Convenience method for accessing the theme that dynamically changes to
ThemeManager.lightTheme
orThemeManager.darkTheme
, respecting user preference at System Preferences > General > Appearance.Declaration
Swift
@objc public static let systemTheme: SystemTheme
-
Set/get default theme to be used on the first run (default:
ThemeManager.systemTheme
).Declaration
Swift
@objc public static var defaultTheme: Theme
-
Get the theme with specified identifier.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func theme(withIdentifier identifier: String?) -> Theme?
Parameters
identifier
The unique
Theme.identifier
string.Return Value
The
Theme
instance with the given identifier. -
User defaults key for current
theme
.Current
theme.identifier
will be stored under the"ThemeKitTheme"
NSUserDefaults
key.Declaration
Swift
@objc public static let userDefaultsThemeKey: String
-
Apply last applied theme, or default, if none.
Get last applied theme from user defaults and load it. If no theme was previously applied, load the default theme (
ThemeManager.defaultTheme
).Declaration
Swift
@objc public func applyLastOrDefaultTheme()
-
Force-apply current
theme
.Normally you should not need to invoke this method, as this will force-apply the same theme.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func reApplyCurrentTheme()
-
Location of user provided themes (.theme files).
Ideally, this should be on a shared location, like
Application Support/{app_bundle_id}/Themes
for example. Here’s an example of how to get this folder (*):public var applicationSupportUserThemesFolderURL: URL { let applicationSupportURLs = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.applicationSupportDirectory, .userDomainMask, true) let thisAppSupportURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: applicationSupportURLs.first!).appendingPathComponent(Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier!) return thisAppSupportURL.appendingPathComponent("Themes") }
*: force wrapping (!) is for illustrative purposes only.
You can also bundle these files with your application bundle, if you don’t want them to be changed.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var userThemesFolderURL: URL? { get set }
-
Appearance in use for effective theme.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var effectiveThemeAppearance: NSAppearance { get }
-
Convenience method to get the light appearance.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var lightAppearance: NSAppearance? { get }
-
Convenience method to get the dark appearance.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var darkAppearance: NSAppearance? { get }
-
Window theme policies that define which windows should be automatically themed, if any.
Swift
By default, all application windows (except
NSPanel
) will be themed (.themeAllWindows
).themeAllWindows
: Theme all application windows, exceptNSPanel
subclasses (default).themeSomeWindows
: Only theme windows of the specified classes.doNotThemeSomeWindows
: Do not theme windows of the specified classes.doNotThemeWindows
: Do not theme any window.E.g.:
E.g.:
ThemeManager.shared.windowThemePolicy = .themeSomeWindows(windowClasses: [CustomWindow.self])
Objective-C
By default, all application windows (except
NSPanel
) will be themed (TKThemeManagerWindowThemePolicyThemeAllWindows
).TKThemeManagerWindowThemePolicyThemeAllWindows
: Theme all application windows, exceptNSPanel
subclasses (default).TKThemeManagerWindowThemePolicyThemeSomeWindows
: Only theme windows of the specified classes (usethemableWindowClasses
property).TKThemeManagerWindowThemePolicyDoNotThemeSomeWindows
: Do not theme windows of the specified classes (usenotThemableWindowClasses
property).TKThemeManagerWindowThemePolicyDoNotThemeWindows
: Do not theme any window.
Example:
[TKThemeManager sharedManager].windowThemePolicy = TKThemeManagerWindowThemePolicyThemeSomeWindows; [TKThemeManager sharedManager].themableWindowClasses = @[[CustomWindow class]];
NSWindow Extension
-
Theme window if appearance needs update. Doesn’t check for policy compliance.
NSWindow.isCompliantWithWindowThemePolicy()
Check if window complies to current policy.
NSWindow.themeIfCompliantWithWindowThemePolicy()
Theme window if compliant to
windowThemePolicy
(and if appearance needs update).-
Theme all windows compliant to ThemeManager.windowThemePolicy (and if appearance needs update).
Declaration
Swift
public enum WindowThemePolicy
-
Current window theme policy.
Declaration
Swift
public var windowThemePolicy: WindowThemePolicy
-
Animate theme transitions?
Declaration
Swift
@objc public var animateThemeTransitions: Bool
-
ThemeKit notification sent when current theme is about to change.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public static let willChangeThemeNotification: Notification.Name
-
ThemeKit notification sent when current theme did change.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public static let didChangeThemeNotification: Notification.Name
-
ThemeKit notification sent when system theme did change (System Preference > General > Appearance).
Declaration
Swift
@objc public static let didChangeSystemThemeNotification: Notification.Name


thrash
`Prev `__
T
`Next `__
--------------
**thrash**: vi.
To move wildly or violently, without accomplishing anything useful.
Paging or swapping systems that are overloaded waste most of their time
moving data into and out of core (rather than performing useful
computation) and are therefore said to thrash. Someone who keeps
changing his mind (esp. about what to work on next) is said to be
thrashing. A person frantically trying to execute too many tasks at once
(and not spending enough time on any single task) may also be described
as thrashing. Compare `*multitask* <../M/multitask.html>`__.
--------------
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../T.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------------+
| This time, for sure! | `Home <../index.html>`__ | thread |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------------+


HexEdit includes a built-in calculator similar to the Windows calculator but with some enhancements and integration with the rest of HexEdit that make it very powerful. The calculator can be used in two ways:
1. As an integer calculator supporting integers of any precision and in any radix (base) up to 36. Most of the calculator buttons perform integer operations.
2. As an expression evaluator supporting C-like expressions with brackets and precedence, with 5 data types (integer, real, string, boolean and date), functions, variables etc.
How to perform integer operations and evaluate expressions is explained further below.
Edit Box
The heart of the calculator is the main edit box which allows you to enter numbers (and expressions) and view results.
Unlike the Windows Calculator you have full control of the text in the edit box. For example you can edit a result, copy and paste all or part of the values, etc
When a date value is displayed it is converted to a string and wrapped in the DATE() function (which converts a string back to a date). This is necessary as there are no date "literals" supported by expressions.
History
The down arrow at the right end of the edit box displays a history of previous calculations. You can select an entry to redo the calculation or just view previous calculations.
Hold the mouse over any history entry to see the result of the calculation.
Operator/Status Indicator
To the right of the edit box is an area that may display:
the binary operator in effect if one of the binary operation buttons has been selected (+, -, *, etc)
O if the last integer operation generated an overflow
E if the last operation caused an error, such as divide by zero
R if the last operation was an expression which generated a real (floating point) result
S if the last operation was an expression which generated a string result
B if the last operation was an expression which generated a Boolean result
D if the last operation was an expression which generated a date
Current Expression
Above the edit box is a small area that displays the current expression (as it would be evaluated at that moment). This is very useful when using the unary and binary operation buttons if you can't remember what buttons you have already used. It also makes it plain that the buttons do not support any operator precedence.
If you wish to evaluate an integer expression with the normal mathematical precedence type the full integer expression into the calculator. Expressions also support brackets.
Menu Buttons
At the top of the display are buttons that allow you to recall various values. The Hex Jump History and the Decimal Decimal Jump History lists allow you to select from the histories of the Jump Tools (see Toolbar Tools).
The Variables menu allows you to recall previously assigned variables or clear all variables. Variables can be assigned in the calculator (or in the Jump Tools) by using an expression involving an assignment (ie, using the '=' operator as in any C/C++ expression). Variables may have any of the five types supported by expressions.
Depending on the radix in use there may be some ambiguity between an integer value (such as FFFF in hex) and a variable name. To avoid any ambiguity any variable name may be preceded by the '@' character. For example, @A is always taken as a variable with the name A, and never as the number 10 in hex.
The Functions menu allows you to select from the predefined functions that are supported by expressions. Functions are grouped according to the type of the values they return. Note that, the predefined real constant PI is also defined here.
To make full use of functions you need to read the documentation. For example, the min() and max() functions can take any numbers of parameters (except zero), whereas the menu implies they may must take two.
Bit Display
Below the Edit Box is the Bit Display which visually shows the state of the bottom 64 bits of the current calculator value (if it is an integer). Click any of the bits to toggle it on or off.
Radix, Bits, Signed
The Radix, Bits and Signed controls allow you to change how integers are entered and displayed. They are discussed in detail below.
Buttons
Most of the calculator is taken up by the buttons as typically seen in calculators. The layout of the buttons is reminiscent of the Windows calculator but a little better organised:
digits buttons in the middle (gray)
binary operations on the right (blue)
unary operations on the left (purple)
file operations on the far left (black)
memory and mark operations at top-left (red)
control buttons (Clear, Equals, etc) at top-right and bottom-right (red)
Most of the buttons are only used with integer operations not with expressions. Their behaviour is described more fully below.
Expressions
Expression evaluation is very convenient for entering an expression then pressing enter (or the '=' button) to get the result. Expressions are used throughout HexEdit such as in the jump tools and templates. Using the calculator makes it easy to test expressions, especially as it has a convenient drop-down History list that allows you to recall and modify previous expressions.
Unlike when using the calculator buttons expressions supports precedence, saving values to variables (using '=' operator), as well as floating point numbers, date calculations, functions etc. There are drop-down menus allowing you to select any of the available variables or predefined functions. Variables also support arrays. An example of an expression you could use is:
R[N] = rand()/0x10000 + min(P, Q, R)
Note that x is not used for multiplication -- use an asterisk (*) instead. The characters "0x" as seen above is used to precede a number to ensure it is treated as a hex literal.
Most of the calculator buttons are designed to work with integers, and you can use integer expressions and combine these with calculations using the buttons. However, if you evaluate an expression that gives a result of another type the result is displayed but cannot be combined with the integer (button) operations. To remind you of this a character is displayed next to the result of non-integer expressions:
R = real or floating point value
S = string
B = boolean
D = date
Integer Operations
Most of the buttons are designed to support integer operations, because the calculator in HexEdit is primarily used with integers such as file addresses. The rest of the discussion focuses on these integer operations.
Note that you can combine the use of integer expressions with using the buttons. In fact it is often more convenient to use an expression than to use the buttons as expressions support precedence and all operations of the buttons can be performed with an expression - for example, the & operator duplicates the "AND" button (see Expressions or a C reference manual for information on all operations).
Binary Operators
To perform a binary operation, enter the first operand (value) and click the desired operator button. You can still click a different operator if you accidentally clicked the wrong one. A small indicator appears to the right of the numeric entry box that indicates the current operator in use. After you enter the second operand you can then click the result button (=) or another binary operator to generate the result. If the operation generates an overflow or error then the calculator beeps and an E or O is displayed next to the numeric entry box.
As well as the normal arithmetic operators, and logical operators there are a few more esoteric operators. The LSL (logical shift left) and LSR (logical shift right) operators simply shift all the bits in the first operand (left or right) by the number in the second. The new bits added to the end always have a zero value.
The ASR (arithmetic shift right) operator, on the other hand, will add new bits with the value one if the current top bit is one. Whereas LSR is equivalent to a division by a power of 2 for an unsigned number, ASR is equivalent to a division by a power of 2 for a signed (2’s complement) number.
ROL (rotate left) and ROR (rotate right) are similar to LSL and LSR but the new bit shifted in is the bit shifted off the other end.
The GTR and LESS buttons find the larger or smaller of their two operands. These are useful in keystroke macros, particularly as the macro error level (see below) is set to a warning if the first operand is not greater (for GTR) or not less (for LESS) than the second.
The division operator (/) gives the truncated integer division, whereas the MOD operator gives the remainder. These are equivalent to the C/C++ integer / and % operators.
Unary Operators
Unary operators take a single operand -- the currently displayed number. Any current binary operator is not affected by a unary operation. All unary operator buttons are to the left of the numeric buttons except the change sign operator (+/-) that is between the 0 and = buttons.
There are arithmetic operators for square, factorial etc. Note that the square root operator truncates the result to the integer less than the real result. These operators can generate error and overflow conditions, which causes an E or O to be displayed next to the numeric entry box.
The ROL1, ROR1, LSL1, LSR1, and ASR1 buttons perform the same operation as their binary counterparts but shift by one bit only.
The INC and DEC buttons increment and decrement their operand. If this results in an overflow for the current operand size (see the discussion of Bits below) then a macro error is generated.
The REV button just reverses the order of all the bits in the current number. So if you are operating on 32 bit values bit 31 is swapped with bit 0, bit 30 with bit 1 etc. The FLIP button flips all the bytes in the current number. If you are working with 8 bit values this button is disabled since there is only one byte.
The @n operator takes the current number and uses it as an address into the currently active file. Using that address it reads the (8, 16, 32 or 64 bit) value from the file at that address. It is a unary operator as it takes an address and replaces it with the value at that address. See the File Access section below for more information.
Radix, Bits and Signed
The Radix buttons allow you to enter numbers and display results in Hex, Decimal, Octal or Binary, and convert between those bases. Note that when you select Decimal mode the numbers default to being signed. The Radix edit control allows you to select any radix (base) from 2 to 36.
When using numbers in a radix greater than 16 the digits are G (16), H (17), ... Z(35). There are no buttons for entering these digits so you must use the keyboard.
The Bits buttons allow you to specify the size of the numbers you want to work with. Note that if you change to a smaller number of bits and the current value won’t fit this will generate an overflow. For example, if the current value is 257 and you click on the 8 bit button an overflow is indicated and the current value changes to 1 (the value in the low byte of 257). To restore the original value increase the number of bits back (eg. click on the 32 bit button). You can set any positive value for bits; using a value of zero (or selecting the Inf radio button) gives infinite precision integer calculations..
Note that generally integer operations are performed using infinite precision, and then displayed with the requested number of bits. If the number is too large to be displayed in the number of bits then an overflow is indicated. You may then increase the Bits setting to see the full result. For example, if you add 255 and 2 in 8 bit mode an overflow is generated and the displayed result is 1. If you now increase the Bits setting you can see the actual value of 257.
The Signed setting allows viewing a number as unsigned or signed (2's complement) numbers in any radix - but Decimal mode defaults to signed, while other modes default to unsigned. Switching between signed and unsigned can generate an overflow if the high bit is on.
The Signed checkbox is disabled in Inf precision mode as signed numbers are always used in this case.
File Access
The buttons to the far left (except for the memory buttons) are only enabled when there is a file window active. They allow you to get the value of and even change the cursor, mark etc in the currently active file. Further, you can read and write values in the file.
The farthest column of buttons (Memory, Mark, @Mark, etc) are used to get values, whereas the buttons immediately to their right are used to change the corresponding value using the currently displayed number. There is also a unary operator button (@n) that can be used to get a value from the file – it is discussed above under Unary Operators.
The GO button (in the bottom right corner) is similar to the Set Cursor button but is also puts you back into file editing. This is the “default” button, so that if you type a number and press the Enter key, you will jump straight to the address you typed and can continue editing.
The file access buttons in the left 2 columns of buttons (ie, apart from @n and GO) are:
|
Get Button |
Set Button |
Operation |
|
Mark |
MkS |
Get or set the address of the Mark. |
|
@Mark |
Store |
Get/set the value in the file at the Mark. |
|
Cursor |
Set |
Get/set the current cursor address (or start of selection). |
|
@Cursor |
Store |
Get/set the value at the cursor (or start of selection). |
|
Sel. Len |
Set |
Get/set the length of the current selection. |
|
EOF |
|
Get the length of the file. |
Note that there is no “Set EOF” button as you can’t change the length of the file in the calculator. (You can only change the length of the file if you are in INS (insert) mode and you add or delete bytes at the end of the file.)
The size of the integer read by the “@” buttons (@Mark, @Cursor, and @n) and written by the Store buttons is determined by the current Bits setting. The byte order of the numbers read from or written to the file is set by the Big-endian check-box near the top right corner of the calculator. (This is normally not checked allowing for Intel byte order.)
If you are not editing any files, the file access buttons are disabled (light gray), because there is no file to access. Some of the buttons may be disabled at various times for various reasons. For example, if the current displayed value is greater than the length of file then MkS, @n etc, that use that value as a file address, are disabled.
The file access buttons are particularly useful when used with keystroke macros (see previous section). For example, you could repeat the same calculation on every value in a file by storing the following operations in a keystroke macro: first load the value at the cursor using the @Cursor button, perform some operations on it, then save it back to the file using the Store button. To move to the next value in the file: load the current cursor address using the Cursor button, increment the required number of times depending on your operand size (using the INC button) and move the cursor using the Set button. Use the Tools/Macro Play menu item to replay the macro the required number of times (use a very big number to do the whole file).
Memory
To store the displayed number in the calculator memory, click the MS button. After a number has been stored, the Memory button is enabled, which you can later click to get the number back. The MC button clears the memory (and disables the Memory button). Note that you can generate an overflow just by recalling a number from the memory that is bigger than will fit in the current operand size.
The M+ and M- buttons allow you to add to and subtract from the current value in the memory.
The buttons below the memory buttons for the “mark” are analogous, but instead of changing the calculator memory they change the position of the mark in the active file window. They can be used as a makeshift second memory.
The calculator provides many shortcut keys that are the same as those for the Windows calculator. For example, to recall the value of the calculator memory: press Ctrl+R. The shortcut keys are displayed in the “tips” that appear when you leave the mouse over a button for a second. The most common ones are for arithmetic operators: +, -, * (multiply), / (divide), and % (modulus); logical operators: &, | (OR), ^ (Exclusive-OR), and ~ (NOT); and = (Calculate).
Like the Windows calculator you can enter numbers by typing valid digits for the current base. The number displayed has spaces added for readability, but you don’t need to type these. Decimal numbers have commas as thousands separators (or whatever is set in the Control Panel for your culture/region).
Unlike the Windows calculator you can use the Home, End, Del, arrow keys etc to edit the current number. You can even select parts of the value using the Shift-arrow keys before deleting, cutting (Ctrl+X), copying (Ctrl+C) etc, and use Ctrl+V to paste from the clipboard.
Particularly useful are the keys to change the current base and size: F5 to F8 change betweens the four bases; F9-F12 change between the four sizes (64, 32, 16 or 8 bit).
For further information see:
Go To command to find out how to use the calculator to jump to a new address
Calculator command to find out how to invoke the calculator
Macros to find out how to use keystroke macros
Expressions for information on operations and operand types for expressions


The card directive creates a small container to highlight important information. Generally, multiple cards are organized together to display information about a collection of related items. For example, cards can present a stack or carousel of to-do items or a matrix of images.
Cards frequently present users with a call to action. They can use visual cues to alert users about the need for action, and they can also include actions directly on the cards.
You can modify cards to handle a variety of scenarios, but they generally consist of three main parts: a title to identify what the card represents, content to display in the body of the card, and an action to let users act on the card. Each item is optional.
large
. For a small container, specify small
.
selectable
property is true
.


the practice of tracking and managing changes to software code
filename-based
unnecessary comments in code
for (int i = 1; i < Ntr; i++) {
if (radius > turn_rad[i - 1] && radius <= turn_rad[i]) {
// for(int j = 1; j < Nh; j++) {
// if (theta < heading[j-1]) {
// // cout << "I" << i << endl;
// // cout << "J" << j << endl;
// q11 = torque_in[i-1][j-1];
// q12 = torque_in[i][j-1];
// q21 = torque_in[i-1][j];
// q22 = torque_in[i][j];
// // torque_out = sqrt(q22 - q12) * q22/q11;
// torque_out = abs(sqrt(q22 - q12) * q22/q11);
// cout << "T_Out:" << t_out << endl;
// }
// }
q11 = torque_in[i - 1][0];
q22 = torque_in[i][0];
torque_out = q22 / q11;
}
}
git
?git
is a good version
control tool
it is a command line utility
git
download from https://git-scm.com/downloads
make sure to enable
git
associates your name and
email with every change you make
inside a terminal:
$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>a folder containing your code
every git repo contains a .git
folder
it stores all of your changes, don’t
mess with it (manually)
$ git init
*inside an empty directory
step by step:
$ mkdir [folder_name]
$ cd [folder_name]
$ git init
$ git clone [path]
creates a new folder in your current directory
$ git clone [path] [destination]
clones the repo at destination
path can be:
a repository on your computer
$ git clone ./path-to-existing-repo ./new-clone
a link to a remote repo
$ git clone https://github.com/github/training-kit.git
*clones to ./training-kit
command
subcommand
-o
--option
git
[subcommand]
[options]
tells you the status of your repository
*can tell you what to do next
collect related changes, put them on a stage
document these changes file-by-file, line-by-line
a commit stores
inside the new repo you created with
git init
, create
README.md
$ touch README.md
add some content to this file via your text editor, save it.
$ git status
will tell you about the changes to your file
on branch master
no commits yet
untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
README.md
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
$ git add README.md
will “add” README.md
to the
staging area
on branch master
no commits yet
changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached <file>..."


Your browser does not support the canvas element!
NEW GAME
PAUSE
Difficulty:
Beginner
Intermediate
Impossible


About Me
Let me tell you a few things...
BIO
I'm a Full Stack Developer and currently pursuing B.tech in computer science. I'm both driven and self-motivated, and I am constantly experimenting with new technologies and techniques. I'm very passionate about Web Development, and strive to better myself as a developer, and the development community as a whole.
Education
✓ X
Year of Completion: 2014
Percentage: 91.2 %
✓ XII (Science)
Year of Completion: 2016
Percentage: 94 %
✓ B.tech (CSE)
Duration: 2016-2020
Percentage: 82.46 %
Skills
✓ C
✓ C++
✓ JavaScript
✓ Core Java
✓ Node.js
✓ Angularjs
✓ Angular 6,7
✓ MongoDb
✓ MySQL
✓ HTML 5
✓ CSS
✓ Bootstrap
Training
✓ MEAN Stack
Company : Brain Mentors Pvt. Ltd.
Duration : Jun 2018 - Aug 2018