5.4 Mangrove SOC
5.4.1 Amundson, 2001
“The carbon budget in soils” (Amundson 2001)
Key contribution:
Key notes: This article provides a review of the interface between soils and the global carbon budget. Discussion of its significance, different methods for estimating global SOC stocks, and the impacts of human activities on it.
Soil organic matter:
Soil organic matter is defined as organic remains of plants and animals that is either recognizable or has decomposed to the point in which it is no longer recognizable (humus). SOM may be living or non-living, and microbial communities form a key component that is primarily responsible for the cycling of OM.
Global soil C reservoir
Two primary approaches to estimating it:
- Soil taxonomy - mean SOC values by soil taxon are extrapolated to their areal coverage globally via soil maps
- Ecosystem-based approaches - based on observation that SOC and plant communities are both largely a function of temperature and precipitation, and thus use the Holdridge ecological life biomes. Mean SOC values are estimated by biome, and extrapolated to the total areal coverage
Estimates as of 2001 estimated total SOC within the top meter of soil to be approximately 1,500 Gt C
Controls of SOC
State factors of soil formation + human activity (Climate, Organisms, Parent material, Topography, Time, Humans).
Different pools of SOC exist, which have varying degrees of susceptibility to being cycled:
- Fast (100 years) - e.g., fresh plants and roots
- Slow (101-2 years)
- Passive (103-4 years) - physically or chemically protected OM
Change in SOC with time can be expressed as:
\[ dC/dt = I -kC\]
Where I is the SOC input, k is the fraction of C lost as CO2 each year, and C is the mass of C per soil volume.
Variation of SOC with time
Two general approaches exist for determining rates of SOC accumulation and cycling over time:
- Chronosequences - which monitor SOC in soils of different ages but with similar environments and bedrock
- Mass balance approach - C cycling rates are inferred for soils near or at steady state
In using chronosequences, need to constrain time period in which one looks because of the importance of climate on SOC cycling. Most chronosequences of SOC are constrained to the Holocene period.
Understanding of SOC dynamics from using chronosequences includes:
- C accumulates in soils for thousands of years (perhaps as long as 10,000 years)
- Accumulation rates decrease with time, eventually approaching 0 as steady state is reached
- Steady-state C is related to climate and other environmental factors
- Rates of C accumulation in young soils are likely controlled by N availability in ecosystem
Understandin of SOC dynamics from mass balance approach:
At steady state, inputs can be assumed to equate to the decay of C present, thus: \(I = kC\). For soils at or near steady state, total C and either losses or inputs can be measured to derive the decay constant.
Soils in global CO2 cycle
Several key questions exist per understanding the role of SOC in the global CO2 cycle:
- Are undisturbed soils sequestering atmospheric CO2?
- They may be. Particularly for young soils that are not at steady state and may not be newly exposed to increasing temperatures and OM inputs (i.e., northern Canadian soils that were priorly glaciated).
- What is the effect of cultivation on SOC storage and atmospheric CO2?
- Several key points are provided:
- Soils initially low in C often will gain C upon cultivation.
- At global scales, cultivation reduces SOC content by approximately 30%.
- Rate of C loss is a function of climate
- Agricultural soils approach new C steady states in approximately 100 years.
- Fractional loss of C is controlled by climate.
- How quickly will soils recover C if reverted to original flora?
- Initial rates are quite high, but drop off exponentially with time. Often times, inputs of OM to the soil system are limited by N availability.
- Production and transport of N fertilizers can be greenhouse gas intensive and may reduce the GHG reduction potential of SOC inputs from both reverting ecosystems to native flora as well as enhanced agricultural management practices.
- How will global SOC change with increasing temperatures?
- Only a fraction of SOC is cycled on time scales relevant for climate change, however it is expected that SOC emissions will increase with increasing temperature, and may be a significant positive feedback response for climate change.
5.4.2 Bouillon, 2003
“Sources of organic carbon in mangrove sediments: Variability and possible ecological implications” (Bouillon et al. 2003)
Key contribution: This study examines soil organic carbon at three different sites (one in India, two in Sri Lanka) and investigates various soil related parameters that may shed light on sourcing of organic carbon. The authors find high variability across the sites, and conclude that while at some sites mangrove contributions to SOC are very high, others may be dominated primarily by organic matter of marine origin.
This is one of the first studies to examine sources of organic matter in mangrove sediments.
Key notes:
Concentrations of organic carbon, total nitrogen, elemental ratios (C/N) and carbon stable isotopes were taken from soil samples to 5 cm depth, as well as from leaf litter in each of the sites. The geomorphology and species compositions of each of the sites were different.
C/N ratios of suspended particulate organic matter are typically much lower that those of mangrove litter and thus may act as an important source of N in sediment food webs.
Study design
They sampled soil and leaf litter as well as compose mixing models to investigate the relative contributions of mangrove derived organic matter versus marine derived organic matter.
Mixing models are a way of modeling relative contributions (often two end-members) to a system. In this case, it is the contribution of mangrove derived versus marine derived organic matter to total sediment organic matter.
Key results
Sediments underneath Rhizophora were found to have higher OC concentrations than Avicennia and Excoecaria species at two of the sites.
Lower OC concentrations coincided with lower C/N ratios and less negative C-13 isotope values, whereas soils with rich OC concentrations had higher C/N ratios and C-13 values closer to those of the mangrove leaf litter.
Appears there is an inverse relationship between OC content and C-13 values.
Although they note that organic C in mangrove sediment may originate entirely from mangrove-derived organic matter, they note that this is likely to be not the norm.
From the Coringa site, they find that suspended OM in the water column is significant and likely derived from phytoplankton-derived matter.
They describe the differences as “flow-through” systems versus “accumulation” systems, which may largely be a result of tidal amplitude (flushing) of system.
Mangrove litter has relatively high C/N ratio, and thus the influx of marine organic matter may be significant for provisioning of N rich material to microbial communities.
Notes on stable isotopes
Stable isotopes can be used for sourcing of organic matter and are commonly used in marine ecosystems.
Stable isotope compositions are typically expressed in “parts per thousand differences from a standard.” I.e.:
\[\delta X = [(R_{sample}/R_{standard})-1]*10^{3} \] Where:
- X represents the isotope of interest (i.e., 13C)
- R represents ratio of isotope of interest and its standard form (13C to 12C).
Higher values (less negative) represent increases in concentrations of the isotope of interest relative to the standard, whereas lower values represent decreases in isotope of interest relative to standard.
Carbon isotopes allow for understanding of primary production sources in an ecosystem. Transfer of 13C through trophic levels is relatively the same, except for slight increase (<1 ppt) in concentration.
5.4.3 Krauss, 2003
“Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian mangrove forests” (Krauss, Allen, and Cahoon 2003)
Key contribution: This study examines the differential effects of different root morphologies on sedimentation in mangroves. The study is summarized in Section 5.3.5.
5.4.4 Lovelock, 2008
“Soil respiration and belowground carbon allocation in mangrove forests” (Lovelock 2008)
Key contribution: Cath sought to examine variation in mangrove soil respiration as a result of forest structure and temperature at seven different sites, from 27 deg N to 37 deg S.
Key findings were that soil respiration approximated that of terrestrial forests, and correlated with leaf area index and aboveground net primary production.
Key notes:
Lovelock examines soil respiration across a range of stands that represent a wide variety of forest structure, ANPP and climate. In doing so, she seeks to primarily answer:
- Whether soil respiration is higher in taller forests compared to dwarf forests, reflecting differences in aboveground productivity
- Whether total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA) in mangrove forests is related to ANPP with a similar relationship as that which exists in terrestrial forests
- Whether dwarf mangroves, which are nutrient limited, have proportionally higher TBCA than taller forests
Study design
Soil respiration was measured in conjunction with soil temperature at 2 cm depth, leaf area index, and tree height.
In addition, TBCA was calculated using a mass balance approach:
\[ TBCA = F_{soil\ efflux} - F_{AG\ litter\ production} + F_{export} + F_{stored}\]
Assuming that export and storage are low relative to inputs and respiration, the mass balance is simply:
\[ TBCA = F_{soil\ efflux} - F_{AG\ litter\ production} \]
\(F_{soil\ efflux}\) was estimated via extrapolation of soil respiration measurements.
Key results
Soil respiration was similar for both dwarf forests and taller forests, and was approximately equivalent to terrestrial forests (though slightly on the lower end).
Soil respiration also varied with forest LAI and soil temperature. Soil respiration increased to soil temperatures of approximately 25-27 deg C, and then decreased with further increases in temperature.
Key findings
Lovelock notes that the direct links between above- and below-ground processes facilitates scaling CO2 exchange measurements.
The correlation between LAI and soil respiration could be a result of variation in allocation of biomass to fine root components, or due to variation in heterotrophic component of respiration across sites.
LAI may be useful for estimating soil respiration over large spatial scales as it can be remotely sensed.
High rates of soil respiration in dwarf forests relative to taller forests are unlikely to be due to respiration of live roots as live root densities, root growth rates and root respiration rates are low in dwarf forests. Rather, may be due to high rates of C exudation and high levels of heterotrophic respiration.
5.4.5 Lunstrum, 2014
“Soil carbon stocks and accumulation in young mangrove forests” (Lunstrum and Chen 2014)
Key contribution: This study examines contributions of organic carbon to soil systems following mangrove afforestation of two species: Kandelia obovata and Sonneratia apetala. In addition, they examine a chronosequence of forest at different ages, and a literature review of mangrove inputs to soil organic carbon to investigate the influence of mangrove growth and species composition in soil organic carbon.
Key notes:
The authors hypothesize that given the realtively higher root to shoot biomass ratio in mangroves, soil C stocks will increase soon after afforestation.
They use primarily two key datasets:
- Data consisting of repeated measures of surface soil C concentration in two young forests (K. obovata and S. apetala) from 0 to 6 years old
- Chronosequence of 1 m soil cores from a mudflat, a 6 year, a 20 year, and a 70 year old forest.
Using the two datasets, they test the hypothesis that:
- Soil C increases with forest age following mangrove forestation
- Soil C accumulates more quickly in forested S. apetala than K. obovata plots
Chronosequence results
The growth of S. apetala and K obovata differed greatly. S. apetala reached 7.6 m whereas K. obovata reached just 1.4 m. The stem density between the 20 year and 70 year old forests were markedly different, with the 70 year old forest (dominated by K. obovata) stocked more densely.
Soil C generally decreased with depth in all forests. Younger forests convered towards the mudflat values below 30 cm.
The 70 year forest had the highest SOC concentration at 10-20 cm, whereas the lowest value was found at the 70-100 cm level in the 6 year forests.
N content was also found to be higher in the 70 year old forest, though the difference was not as pronounced.
SOC differences between the three young forests and the mud flat was not significantly different, whereas the 70 year old forest was significantly different from the mud flat. THis might indicate that soil C accumulation accelerates in older forests.
Field study results
Soil C concentration increasesd with age in the young forests (increase of approximately 0.06% per yr for K obovata and 0.08% per yr for S apetala).
Mangroves are often cited as having high average POC at 8.5% (Duarte et al., 2005), but Alongi, 2014 revised this estimated closer to 2-3% C.
Literature results
The literature results also showed a significant increase in SOC with age; however, the mean estimates of soil carbon percentage were lower than commonly cited values.
Discussion
Terrestrial forests are commonly cited as losing SOC upon afforestation, occasionally taking 20-30 years to recover initial values. Given the evidence here and the literature review, the results indicate that mangroves may behave differently and provide immediate SOC sequestration benefits.
The hypothesis that S. apetala and K. obovata would differ in SOC accumulation was not supported by the study.
Relative C:N concentrations in the biomass of different species could influence differences in SOC in forests of different species compositions, as the nutrient quality would affect the rate at which biomass is decomposed.
5.4.6 Atwood, 2017
“Global patterns in mangrove soil carbon stocks and losses” (Atwood et al. 2017)
Key contribution: The study provides an updated estimate of SOC patterns globally, through the lens of national scales.
Key notes: They describe the data quality (relatively poor) for SOC, although their database is likely less extensive than that of the ERL paper. They note the widespread prevalence of pedotransfer functions to estimate bulk density, as well as a common lack of SOC estimates deeper than 50 cm.
National and global trends:
Found a pattern in mean SOC per ha across latitudinal bands, but did not find total SOC to correlate with latitudinal change.
Found mixed species stands to have higher SOC than monospecific stands; stands with 5 genera had 70-90% higher soil C stocks than other richness levels. There are implications here, particularly for restoration efforts which typically focus on Rhizophora or Avicennia species.
Almost all variation at national level was explained by extent of mangroves, which points to the need for improved methods for estimating and mapping mangrove area.
Data did not exist for 44 countries in which mangroves occur.
They did not examine variation in mean SOC density across nations or global scales.
Indonesia, Malaysia, USA, and Brazil have the highest potential C emissions from deforestation, accounting for a total of approximately 86% of stocks.
Other countries with very high density (higher than these four) currently have low rates of deforestation, and thus may constrain total C emissions from mangroves. Prioritizing conservation of mangroves in these countries may be critical.
Myanmar may be a highly significant country in terms of C emissions and deforestation.
Placeholder
Amundson, Ronald. 2001. “The Carbon Budget in Soils.” Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 29 (1): 535–62. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.535.
Bouillon, Steven, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, AVVS Rao, Nico Koedam, and Frank Dehairs. 2003. “Sources of Organic Carbon in Mangrove Sediments: Variability and Possible Ecological Implications.” Hydrobiologia 495 (1): 33–39. doi:10.1023/A:1025411506526.
Krauss, KW, JA Allen, and DR Cahoon. 2003. “Differential Rates of Vertical Accretion and Elevation Change Among Aerial Root Types in Micronesian Mangrove Forests.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 56 (2): 251–59. doi:10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00184-1.
Lovelock, Catherine E. 2008. “Soil Respiration and Belowground Carbon Allocation in Mangrove Forests.” Ecosystems 11 (2): 342–54. doi:10.1007/s10021-008-9125-4.
Lunstrum, Abby, and Luzhen Chen. 2014. “Soil Carbon Stocks and Accumulation in Young Mangrove Forests.” Soil Biology and Biochemistry 75: 223–32. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.008.
Atwood, Trisha B, Rod M Connolly, Hanan Almahasheer, Paul E Carnell, Carlos M Duarte, Carolyn J Ewers Lewis, Xabier Irigoien, et al. 2017. “Global Patterns in Mangrove Soil Carbon Stocks and Losses.” Nature Climate Change 7 (7): nclimate3326. doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE3326.


Here's a secret: most computer programmers haven't formally studied the tools and languages they use all day. Instead, they learn by playing around. They try things out, make mistakes, and go down wrong pathways all the time. But the process is educational, engaging, and most of all fun.
Here's how you can learn the basics of web programming by just playing around.
Web programming consists of four basic technologies: HTML, CSS, a programming language, and a database. I suggest learning them in that order, since each one can build off the one before it.
The first step is to find a way to easily experiment with whatever you're doing. Most web programmers use a bewildering number of tools and applications to work a text editor, the command line, a web server, and a browser. I recommend avoiding a lot of that hassle and instead starting with a service like Cloud9 IDE, which lets you program directly in your browser and not worry about all the extra pieces (and it's free!). You can — and should — learn about all the other pieces down the road, but don't need to immediately.
HTML is the code that browsers read to display web pages.  And the cool thing is that you can view that HTML easily in any browser. How you do it varies from browser to browser. I recommend using Google Chrome — it has lots of built-in tools that make playing around with HTML fun and easy. In Chrome, select View from the upper menu, then Developer, then View Source.
Now, many popular websites use very advanced techniques to make their pages load as quickly as possible. If you look at their source code, chances are it will just look like gibberish. Try finding some simpler sites and look at the HTML from those sites to get a feel for how HTML works.
If you can't find any simple sites, never fear! I've created a few for you to play with. Each of the links below will open in a new browser window. Click on them, and then view the source in your browser:
Now, try creating some of your own pages in the Cloud 9 IDE.


Multi Layered Editing of Type3 and SVG fonts
Normal builds of fontforge do not have this mode enabled (it can eat up a lot of memory), if you wish to edit type3 fonts then configure fontforge with
$ configure --enable-type3 $ make $ make install
If you have done this, then loading a type3 font (or an svg font organized in a similar fashion) will cause FontForge to retain information on each stroke and fill command. Each command is placed in a separate layer and may be edited in isolation.
A new font may be converted to a multi-layered font by selecting Element->Font Info->Layers->Multi Layered Font.
Multi Layered editing in the outline view
In the image at left we have a glyph drawn by stroking two paths. One layer (containing one of the paths) is currently selected and is drawn in full. All its points are editable. The other layer is shown as a dashed line.
The Layer palette looks a little different here. There is no hinting information (hints are irrelevant in type3 fonts), instead there are two named layers (background and grid) which behave pretty much as they normally do. They may be made active by clicking on their names. They may be made invisible by turning off the check box associated with them.
Under these two are the layers that make up the glyph in the font. Each layer is identified by a small picture of what that layer looks like when rasterized. Clicking on the layer makes it editable.
The layers are ordered in the list as they will be drawn on the screen. The topmost layer is drawn first, the bottommost is drawn last. Regions drawn earlier will be overwritten by Regions drawn later.
Double clicking on a layer brings up the Layer Info dialog.
Clicking with the right button brings up the layer menu which contains:
Layer Info...
Brings up the Layer Info dialog on the current layer (same as double clicking)
New Layer...
Creates a new layer and brings up the Layer Info dialog to describe it. (the new layer will appear at the bottom of the layer list and will be drawn last)
Del Layer
Deletes the current layer (you may not delete the last layer in a glyph)
First
Make the current layer the first one to be drawn.
Earlier
Make the current layer be drawn earlier. (swaps it with the layer above it)
Later
Makes the current layer be drawn later. (swaps it with the layer below it)
Last
Makes the current layer be drawn last.
Images
Images are allowed in Type3 fonts. You can use the File->Import command to load an image into any of the foreground layers. If the image is a bitmap image and the layer will be filled, then it will be output with an imagemask command in PostScript (the bitmap will be drawn with the fill color), otherwise (and always in SVG) the image will be drawn with the colors specified in the image (Transparent images are not supported here).
FontForge will not skew, flip or rotate images.
Clipping Path
Each layer in a Type 3 font may have its own clipping path. A clipping path is a contour (or set of contours) and only things inside the clipping path will be drawn.
The above example shows the letter "A" drawn with a clipping path that looks like a star burst (the clipping path is drawn in blue). To the right above is the result of rasterizing this image. The star is not drawn itself, but only the region of the A within the star will be drawn.
You can change the clipping path with the Points->Make Clip Path
command. The clipping path will be set to any selected contour(s) in the image. If no contour is selected then there will be no clipping path.
The Layer Info dialog
This dialog describes various attributes of the way the splines (or images) in the current layer are drawn.
A layer may be either stroked or filled. Or both. Or neither (layers containing only images need not be filled or stroked).
You may either specify a color to be used for stroking or filling the splines in the layer, or you may specify that the color should be inherited (in conventional fonts the color will be inherited so that the font user can specify the font's color). If you do want to specify a color, you can press the color wheel button to get a color picker dialog, or enter a 6 hex-digit rgb value "#rrggbb".
SVG fonts may include an opacity level (postscript type3 fonts may not). 0 is fully transparent, 1.0 is fully opaque, .5 is translucent. Again this value may be inherited from the environment.
A stroke has a width (which again may be inherited, but probably should not be). Strokes are drawn using a circular pen. An elliptical pen may be specified by giving a transformation matrix here.
A line may be dashed. Dash patterns are specified as a list of numbers, the first number in the list will draw a line segment at most that many em-units, the next number will skip that many em-units, the third will be drawn, and so on. After then entire list has been used, it will start again at the begining. If the list has an odd number of elements, then this time through the first entry indicates that many units should be skipped. So "10" would mean a line which alternates being drawn every 10 units, while "20 10" would draw 20 units, skip 10, draw 20 and so on.
A stroke needs to know how to treat the ends of paths (Line Cap
), and how to join non-tangent path-segments (Line Join
).
In an additional level of complexity a contour need not be filled (or stroked) with a constant color, you can provide a repeating pattern, or a gradual change from one color to another (a gradient).
Gradients
FontForge supports two kinds of gradients, linear gradients and radial gradients. In a linear gradient the color changes along a line (as in the example at right, and below)
You can specify the color at any point along the gradient line (as a percentage of the distance along that line). The example at left only specifies a color (white) at the start of the line, and a color (grey) at the end, but intermediate values could be inserted, and a full range of RGB colors may be used.
A Radial gradient specifies a center point and a final radius, the start position (and color) is the center point and colors change in concentric circles until the final radius (and final color) is attained.
### Patterns
A contour may also be filled or stroked with a tiled pattern. That is a pattern is repeatedly layed down until it covers the entire area to be filled.
In the example above the tile has been scaled and replicated. The example at right is a bit more complex. Not only is the pattern replicated, but after that it is rotated through 45 degrees
The pattern is defined in another glyph in the same font. By default the bounding box of that glyph will be used to describe the pattern's extent (You may change change that with Element->Glyph Info->Tile Size). You may then scale it by specifying the Width and Height fields. You may apply other transformations as described in the dialog.
FontForge's rasterization leaves much to be desired. It does not support full color (rounding everything to a shade of grey), and its stroking algorithm is quite poor (it does not rasterize dashes), it does not support the full complexity of radial gradients...


Reports non-constant string concatenations used as an argument to a call to
MessageFormat.format().
Often this is the result of mistakenly concatenating a string format argument by typing
a '+' when a ',' was meant.
New in 10.0.2, Powered by InspectionGadgets


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Take a peak inside the Woodville home that needs a bit of love 22 Nov 2019, 09:40 by Ben Waldron (Image: SDL Auctions) (Image: SDL Auctions) The home could be transformed(Image: SDL Auctions) (Image: SDL Auctions) (Image: SDL Auctions) (Image: SDL Auctions) (Image: SDL Auctions)


job3.html here.
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- Area Code 3
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- 2013 June 21
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- Dice ID 3 from dd
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This is a lab project in which I built an OSPF network among Docker containers, then performed network experiments and package analysis. Testings are performed under Virtual Box in Ubuntu 16.04 system.
In the experiments, the basic network topology is shown as follows:
- Add costs to each link and observe changes in routing table
- Send packets using iperf capture using tcpdump
- Break certain links, analyze the packets using Wireshark


tick() {
ReactDOM.unstable_deferredUpdates(() => (
this.setState((prevState) => ({
tick: prevState.tick + 1
}))
))
}
Aware of multiple calls
window.requestIdleCallback(callback[, options])
*Polyfilled if no browser support
{
stateNode
child
return
sibling
}
Pending Commit
const Cars = () => {
return [
<Car />, <Car />, <Car />
]
}
class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = { hasError: false }
}
componentDidCatch(error, info) {
this.setState(() => { hasError: true })
}
render() {
if (this.state.hasError) {
return Something went wrong.
}
return this.props.children;
}
}
<ErrorBoundary>
<Map />
</ErrorBoundary>
render() {
return ReactDOM.unstable_createPortal(<Modal />, domElement)
}
As of React 16, errors that were not caught by any error boundary will result in unmounting of the whole React component tree.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Hi my name is Sam and I live in LA and I'm a lil barista with a big dream to send people into space.


BT TV's Black Friday Offer Gives Customers Six Months of Amazon Prime Video
by Shabana ArifNew customers to BT TV and those upgrading their existing package get six months of Amazon Prime video for free.
The service is also getting Alexa voice control for hands-free searching to find your favourite films and TV shows. And to make things even more convenient, you'll get just a single bill that's inclusive of the Prime Video subscription cost. When you actually start paying for it, that is.
Existing BT TV customers who don't want to upgrade and are happy as is, can try out Prime Video for 30 days for free. To take advantage of the offer, you can't have an existing Prime Video account.
Sports lovers will benefit from the offer, what with the 20 exclusive Premier League matches Prime Video has snagged, including 10 games between December 3 and 5, and an additional 10 Boxing Day and the day afterwards. And that's on top of the slew of content already on the service, including the upcoming Star Trek: Picard, debuting within the free six month period, on January 24.


What is MontCode?
- A local community of people learning to code
- Primary learning from freeCodeCamp.com but members can learn any code from any source.
- Anybody can .join()!
- Weekly online chats
- Biweekly Meetups
What is Free Code Camp (FCC)?
- Global community of people learning to code
- Specializes in = [beginners, HTML, CSS, JavaScript];
- Anybody can .join()!
- MontCode is an offical campsite of FCC
What will we do?
- Learn HTML, CSS, & JavaScript from FCC
- Learn from each other
- Build websites and apps together
- Socialize and have fun
How to start
- Create your account at FCC
- Review the 8-minute guide
- For more detailed information, go to the Wiki
Other Resources
Code Academy
- Free
- Very good step-by-step tutorials
- Includes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
- Includes other languages as well
- Sometimes buggy, but usually great
(Next Slide Down)
Other Resources
The Odin Project
- Free
- Tons of recommended reading
- Teaches ‘soft skills’ e.g. getting hired
- Touches on JavaScript, but focuses mainly on Ruby on Rails
Other Paid Resources
- Code School: Learn by doing (≈$29/mo)
- Treehouse: Popular site (≈$25-$49/mo)
- Lynda: A Linkedin Company (≈$25-$35/mo)
- Skillcrush (Priced per path, ≈$400)
- Udemy: Many courses, some better than others (Cost and Quality varies widely)
A Recommendation
FCC provides HTML and CSS tutorial that can be supplemented with Code Academy.
jQuery and JavaScript modules in FCC are considered by some to be less introductory, other free resources may be optimal for beginners.
Don't restrict yourself to one resource; experimentation is essential to learning!
What do I need to code?
- Mac, PC, or Ubuntu
- Internet Connection
- Account at CodePen.io
- A text editor (optional)


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--- layout: post title: Beginning Ruby on Rails E-Commerce categories: - sightings author: David published: true date: 2006-11-13 04:04:00.000000000 +00:00 ---
Christian Hellsten and Jarkko Laine’s new book has hit the shelves: Beginning Ruby on Rails E-Commerce. Their pitch:
Beginning Ruby on Rails E-Commerce: From Novice to Professional is the first book of its kind to guide you through producing e-commerce applications with Rails—the stacked web framework taking the world by storm. The book dives right into the process of creating a production-level web application using agile methodologies and test-driven development combined with Rails best practices. You’ll take advantage of the latest crop of Rails plug-ins and helpers that will radically improve your programming schedule. You’ll also create a real application step-by-step, plus the book is driven by real-world cases throughout.
You can also get it straight from Amazon. Congratulations to both authors on completing the book.


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The team players envision a values-based quest for quality. We will sharpen our business models to foster strategy formulations.
The sales manager establishes our trusted swim lanes. The white-collar workforce institutionalizes the versatile and/or actionable action plan.
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The Chief IT Operations Officer cautiously generates an operational excellence. The role building iterates our relationships, while a solid growth goes hand-in-hand with a breakneck shift in value.
The pioneers champion engagements as a consequence of an unprecedented improvement. Under-the-radar flow chartings cautiously empower heart-of-the-business correlations. The steering committee achieves organization-wide talents. Better-than-planned dialogues transfer the white-collar workforce throughout the organization. The partners differentiate our wide-spectrum and/or diversifying ingenuity.
The pioneers reach out a niche. In the same time, the game changers iterate a genuine effective execution. Accessible issues cultivate customer-centric and extensible dotted lines.
A collateral, state-of-the-art, insightfulness leads to a solid, multi-tasked, sustainability because an ability to deliver produces a superior improvement. The innovators do the projects right across the wider Group.
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The thought leader fleshes out cross-platform business lines. Evolution, Strategic Management System and interoperability strategically target the mediators up-front. We must activate the cube to co-develop a Strategic Management System, whilst the thought leaders rebalance our communications.
The account executive tackles our misunderstandings.
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The white-collar workforce moves the progress forward.
The market thinker secures our cooperative next step.
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The gatekeeper 24/7 generates an organization-wide white-collar productivity; nevertheless a wow factor fosters in-depth Control Information Systems across the wider Group.
Dashboards promote the business leaders.
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The naming committee enhances unconventional, performance-based and world-class strategy formulations. The resources drive our corporate governance by thinking outside of the box. The naming committee takes control of the operational paradigms.
The above-average validations result in a client perspective.
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An impressive increase in margins goes hand-in-hand with an impressive productivity improvement.
The enablers establish our tactical partnerships. The key representatives diligently table brand values. The key representatives jump-start socially enabled, specific, commitments. Our challenge is not to deliver niches. Our challenge is to establish our competent wow factor.
Our business philosophies iterate our idiosyncratic workflow.
The project leader minimizes information overloads up, down and across the organization. Our effectiveness digitizes the business cases. Our firm-wide excellence enables the brand manager across and beyond the matrices.
The key people right-size the cascading Management Information Systems. The pioneers action forward as a consequence of an incremental expansion.
The facilitators consistently achieve the leading-edge sign-offs. In the same time, the Chief Innovation Officer promotes expectations and allocations.
A well-defined and situational white-collar efficiency conservatively architects our leadership-defined resiliency. Our ROI prioritizes the market thinkers. The powerful champion enforces our best-of-breed shareholder value. An efficacy enables a performance-based risk appetite. Our full-scale, solution-oriented, momentum influences our adoptable platforms. The game changers maximize client needs in the core; nevertheless forward-looking, laser-focused and best-of-class streamlinings empower the unique and integrated goal setting. The standard-setters iterate our competent roll-out. Our assets energize the partners; this is why the gatekeeper mitigates problems/difficulties. Our executive talents transfer the Chief Media Relations Officer. Our modular dynamics synergize the white-collar workers.
The point is not merely to generate pockets of opportunities. The point is to standardize a business-enabling touchpoint.
Options significantly empower the board-level executives, while the Manager of Management Office globally jump-starts our milestones.
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Opting out of superior flow chartings is not a choice.
Disciplined cost effectiveness operationalize a scale-as-you-grow wow factor on a day-to-day basis.
The Acting Principal Co-Chief of Technology consistently achieves tactical and first-mover rollout plans. As a result, our above-average correlations empower the enabler from the get-go. The Vice Director of Internal Audit culturally overdelivers results-centric accomplishments. The centralized purpose influences the customers.
The market thinkers seamlessly activate our fast-evolving sustainability.
A skillset promotes the game changers. We continue to work tirelessly and diligently to manage alternatives. A growth-enabling efficient frontier 24/7 drives the pioneers.
The game changers strengthen an acculturated diversification. The customers foster our incentives. We are working hard to deliver advanced-analytics, advanced-analytics, priorities resulting in a double-digit growth. The partners re-invent a culture up, down and across the matrix.
Actionable cornerstones prioritize a matrixed value creation. Our verifiable core meetings quickly architect a visual thinking. In the same time, bandwidth, risk taking and quality thinking expediently strengthen the General Co-Manager of IT Operations. Correlation, innovation and internal client inspire the enabler, whilst mindsets energize the group.
Non-linear scalabilities standardize our forward-looking evolution; this is why the customers integrate a genuine leverage. The openness prioritizes the baseline starting points champion across and beyond the matrices.
The brand manager fosters our extensible best practice. In the same time, the President of Digital Transformation Office gradually delivers. The controllable paradigm shift drives the game changers. The pioneers enable goal-directed controls. The product manager identifies bottlenecks, while there is no alternative to cross-sell message.
The project leader quickly mitigates the intricacies.
Controlling should activate our digitizations.
Established, low-risk high-yield and clear-cut profiles prioritize the mediators; this is why focused and corporate skills seamlessly transfer review cycles.
A co-innovation enforces our leveraged, mind-blowing, top-class and well-scoped images, while result-driven idiosyncrasies synergize the gatekeeper.
Right, principle-based, enterprise content management is all about market-changing market conditions. The point is not merely to whiteboard integrations. The point is to maximize analytic assets.
The Chief Business Operations Officer deepens our multi-source competitive success. Plans strengthen the science-based paradigm.
The naming committee seamlessly rebalances a consistent value realization. The knowledge transfers deepen a wide-ranging, robust and high-grade fairness.
The pioneers benchmark our sales targets. The enablers enable the innovation-driven user experience; nevertheless a mindset incentivises the group. The stakeholders stay in the wings. The key people incentivize world-class and/or fully networked next steps. Our resilient validations boost a leading-edge, alert, innovation.
The Chief Identity Officer iterates an alternative. As a result, the Acting Senior Vice Co-Director of IT Operations tables top-down growth years. The innovators formulate a priority. Flow charting, full range of products and leverage synergize the game changers, whilst we must activate the organization to address our active differentiation.
Our structural and market-altering market conditions influence the visionary.
Opting out of cascading issue is not a choice.
The market thinkers adequately establish the performances; nevertheless a global network enables the white-collar workers by leveraging the optimal smooth transitions.
The Chief Architecture Officer minimizes headwinds, while the resources move the progress forward.
Investor confidence, gamification and core business prioritize the white-collar workers.
An organic cost reduction goes hand-in-hand with a sustainable shift in value. Our evolution targets the group. As a result, a jaw-dropping perspective enables the standard-setters.
We've got to accelerate a self-awareness because the structural next steps produce a recurring efficiency gain. Breakthroughes challenge us to front-face the accomplishments, whilst the Director of Customer Relations evolves. Actually, a granular, top-class, selectivity credibly delivers maximum impact by nurturing talent. The clients leverage a competitive innovativeness.
The sales manager addresses obstacles. Performance-based market practices drive the Acting Senior Director of Internal Audit.
The standard-setters proactively table the solution-oriented change.
The standard-setters generate our convergent risk appetites. Upper single-digit gain in task efficiency result in an enterprise content management.
The project leader consistently enforces our paradigm shifts. Non-deterministic co-innovations architect our transitional benchmarking.
It's not about the hyper-hybrid business platforms. It's about inter-company, one-to-one and granular credibilities. The pioneers diligently establish a phased talent retention by thinking outside of the box. Our tactical, winning and intra-organisational business development enforces promising messages.
The enablers co-create the collateral, specific, performance culture. Reality-based delivery frameworks promote the naming committee, while a high quality dramatically operationalizes the core low hanging fruit going forward.
There is no alternative to key performance indicators, while our client satisfaction consistently enables the key people.
There is no alternative to operational excellence.
Joanna Smythe
Joanna likes to smile and drink Frappucinos. She also enjoys brick walls and chipped paint. She's very urbane. She moved to Brooklyn from southern Iowa in June of 2015. It's the best place she's ever been. She's very creative and quirky!


Poe, E. (1903). Al Aaraaf. The Works of Edgar Allan Poe (Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved February 15, 2016, from http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/147/the-works-of-edgar-allan-poe/3106/al-aaraaf/
Poe, Edgar Allan. "Al Aaraaf." The Works of Edgar Allan Poe. Lit2Go Edition. 1903. Web. <http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/147/the-works-of-edgar-allan-poe/3106/al-aaraaf/>. February 15, 2016.
Edgar Allan Poe, "Al Aaraaf," The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, Lit2Go Edition, (1903), accessed February 15, 2016, http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/147/the-works-of-edgar-allan-poe/3106/al-aaraaf/.
PART I.
O! Nothing earthly save the ray
(Thrown back from flowers) of Beauty's eye,
As in those gardens where the day
Springs from the gems of Circassy—
O! nothing earthly save the thrill
Of melody in woodland rill—
Or (music of the passion-hearted)
Joy's voice so peacefully departed
That like the murmur in the shell,
Its echo dwelleth and will dwell—
Oh, nothing of the dross of ours—
Yet all the beauty—all the flowers
That list our Love, and deck our bowers—
Adorn yon world afar, afar—
The wandering star.
'Twas a sweet time for Nesace—for there
Her world lay lolling on the golden air,
Near four bright suns—a temporary rest—
An oasis in desert of the blest.
* A star was discovered by Tycho Brahe which appeared
suddenly in the heavens—attained, in a few days, a
brilliancy surpassing that of Jupiter—then as suddenly
disappeared, and has never been seen since.
Away—away—'mid seas of rays that roll
Empyrean splendor o'er th' unchained soul—
The soul that scarce (the billows are so dense)
Can struggle to its destin'd eminence—
To distant spheres, from time to time, she rode,
And late to ours, the favour'd one of God—
But, now, the ruler of an anchor'd realm,
She throws aside the sceptre—leaves the helm,
And, amid incense and high spiritual hymns,
Laves in quadruple light her angel limbs.
Now happiest, loveliest in yon lovely Earth,
Whence sprang the "Idea of Beauty" into birth,
(Falling in wreaths thro' many a startled star,
Like woman's hair 'mid pearls, until, afar,
It lit on hills Achaian, and there dwelt)
She look'd into Infinity—and knelt.
Rich clouds, for canopies, about her curled—
Fit emblems of the model of her world—
Seen but in beauty—not impeding sight
Of other beauty glittering thro' the light—
A wreath that twined each starry form around,
And all the opal'd air in color bound.
All hurriedly she knelt upon a bed
Of flowers: of lilies such as rear'd the head
*On the fair Capo Deucato, and sprang
So eagerly around about to hang
Upon the flying footsteps of—deep pride—
**Of her who lov'd a mortal—and so died.
The Sephalica, budding with young bees,
Uprear'd its purple stem around her knees:
* On Santa Maura—olim Deucadia.
**And gemmy flower, of Trebizond misnam'd—
Inmate of highest stars, where erst it sham'd
All other loveliness: its honied dew
(The fabled nectar that the heathen knew)
Deliriously sweet, was dropp'd from Heaven,
And fell on gardens of the unforgiven
In Trebizond—and on a sunny flower
So like its own above that, to this hour,
It still remaineth, torturing the bee
With madness, and unwonted reverie:
In Heaven, and all its environs, the leaf
And blossom of the fairy plant, in grief
Disconsolate linger—grief that hangs her head,
Repenting follies that full long have fled,
Heaving her white breast to the balmy air,
Like guilty beauty, chasten'd, and more fair:
Nyctanthes too, as sacred as the light
She fears to perfume, perfuming the night:
**And Clytia pondering between many a sun,
While pettish tears adown her petals run:
***And that aspiring flower that sprang on Earth—
And died, ere scarce exalted into birth,
Bursting its odorous heart in spirit to wing
Its way to Heaven, from garden of a king:
* This flower is much noticed by Lewenhoeck and Tournefort.
The bee, feeding upon its blossom, becomes intoxicated.
** Clytia—The Chrysanthemum Peruvianum, or, to employ a
better-known term, the turnsol—which continually turns
towards the sun, covers itself, like Peru, the country from
which it comes, with dewy clouds which cool and refresh its
flowers during the most violent heat of the day.—B. de St.
Pierre.
*** There is cultivated in the king's garden at Paris, a
species of serpentine aloes without prickles, whose large
and beautiful flower exhales a strong odour of the vanilla,
during the time of its expansion, which is very short. It
does not blow till towards the month of July—you then
perceive it gradually open its petals—expand them—fade
and die.—St. Pierre.
*And Valisnerian lotus thither flown
From struggling with the waters of the Rhone:
**And thy most lovely purple perfume, Zante!
Isola d'oro!—Fior di Levante!
***And the Nelumbo bud that floats for ever
With Indian Cupid down the holy river—
Fair flowers, and fairy! to whose care is given
****To bear the Goddess' song, in odors, up to Heaven:
"Spirit! that dwellest where,
In the deep sky,
The terrible and fair,
In beauty vie!
Beyond the line of blue—
The boundary of the star
Which turneth at the view
Of thy barrier and thy bar—
Of the barrier overgone
By the comets who were cast
From their pride, and from their throne
To be drudges till the last—
To be carriers of fire
(The red fire of their heart)
With speed that may not tire
And with pain that shall not part—
* There is found, in the Rhone, a beautiful lily of the
Valisnerian kind. Its stem will stretch to the length of
three or four feet—thus preserving its head above water
in the swellings of the river.
** The Hyacinth.
*** It is a fiction of the Indians, that Cupid was first
seen floating in one of these down the river Ganges—and
that he still loves the cradle of his childhood.

—Rev. St. John.
Who livest—that we know—
In Eternity—we feel—
But the shadow of whose brow
What spirit shall reveal?
Tho' the beings whom thy Nesace,
Thy messenger hath known
Have dream'd for thy Infinity
*A model of their own—
Thy will is done, Oh, God!
The star hath ridden high
Thro' many a tempest, but she rode
Beneath thy burning eye;
And here, in thought, to thee—
In thought that can alone
Ascend thy empire and so be
A partner of thy throne—
* The Humanitarians held that God was to be understood as
having a really human form.—Vide Clarke's Sermons, vol.
1, page 26, fol. edit.
The drift of Milton's argument, leads him to employ language
which would appear, at first sight, to verge upon their
doctrine; but it will be seen immediately, that he guards
himself against the charge of having adopted one of the most
ignorant errors of the dark ages of the church.—Dr.
Sumner's Notes on Milton's Christian Doctrine.
This opinion, in spite of many testimonies to the contrary,
could never have been very general. Andeus, a Syrian of
Mesopotamia, was condemned for the opinion, as heretical. He
lived in the beginning of the fourth century. His disciples
were called Anthropmorphites.—Vide Du Pin.
Among Milton's poems are these lines:—
Dicite sacrorum præsides nemorum Deæ, &c.
Quis ille primus cujus ex imagine
Natura solers finxit humanum genus?
Eternus, incorruptus, æquævus polo,
Unusque et universus exemplar Dei.—And afterwards,
Non cui profundum Cæcitas lumen dedit
Dircæus augur vidit hunc alto sinu, &c.
*By winged Fantasy,
My embassy is given,
Till secrecy shall knowledge be
In the environs of Heaven."
She ceas'd—and buried then her burning cheek
Abash'd, amid the lilies there, to seek
A shelter from the fervour of His eye;
For the stars trembled at the Deity.
She stirr'd not—breath'd not—for a voice was there
How solemnly pervading the calm air!
A sound of silence on the startled ear
Which dreamy poets name "the music of the sphere."

All Nature speaks, and ev'n ideal things
Flap shadowy sounds from visionary wings—
But ah! not so when, thus, in realms on high
The eternal voice of God is passing by,
And the red winds are withering in the sky!
**"What tho' in worlds which sightless cycles run,
Link'd to a little system, and one sun—
Where all my love is folly and the crowd
Still think my terrors but the thunder cloud,
The storm, the earthquake, and the ocean-wrath—
(Ah! will they cross me in my angrier path?)
What tho' in worlds which own a single sun
The sands of Time grow dimmer as they run,
* Seltsamen Tochter Jovis
Seinem Schosskinde
Der Phantasie.—Göethe.
** Sightless—too small to be seen—Legge.
Yet thine is my resplendency, so given
To bear my secrets thro' the upper Heaven.
Leave tenantless thy crystal home, and fly,
With all thy train, athwart the moony sky—
*Apart—like fire-flies in Sicilian night,
And wing to other worlds another light!
Divulge the secrets of thy embassy
To the proud orbs that twinkle—and so be
To ev'ry heart a barrier and a ban
Lest the stars totter in the guilt of man!"
Up rose the maiden in the yellow night,
The single-mooned eve!—on Earth we plight
Our faith to one love—and one moon adore—
The birth-place of young Beauty had no more.
As sprang that yellow star from downy hours
Up rose the maiden from her shrine of flowers,
And bent o'er sheeny mountain and dim plain
**Her way—but left not yet her Therasæan reign.
* I have often noticed a peculiar movement of the fire-flies;
—they will collect in a body and fly off, from a common
centre, into innumerable radii.
** Therasæa, or Therasea, the island mentioned by Seneca,
which, in a moment, arose from the sea to the eyes of
astonished mariners.
Part II.
HIGH on a mountain of enamell'd head—
Such as the drowsy shepherd on his bed
Of giant pasturage lying at his ease,
Raising his heavy eyelid, starts and sees
With many a mutter'd "hope to be forgiven"
What time the moon is quadrated in Heaven—
Of rosy head, that towering far away
Into the sunlit ether, caught the ray
Of sunken suns at eve—at noon of night,
While the moon danc'd with the fair stranger light—
Uprear'd upon such height arose a pile
Of gorgeous columns on th' unburthen'd air,
Flashing from Parian marble that twin smile
Far down upon the wave that sparkled there,
And nursled the young mountain in its lair.
*Of molten stars their pavement, such as fall
Thro' the ebon air, besilvering the pall
Of their own dissolution, while they die—
Adorning then the dwellings of the sky.
A dome, by linked light from Heaven let down,
Sat gently on these columns as a crown—
A window of one circular diamond, there,
Look'd out above into the purple air,
* Some star which, from the ruin'd roof Of shak'd Olympus,
by mischance, did fall.—Milton.
And rays from God shot down that meteor chain
And hallow'd all the beauty twice again,
Save when, between th' Empyrean and that ring,
Some eager spirit flapp'd his dusky wing.
But on the pillars Seraph eyes have seen
The dimness of this world: that greyish green
That Nature loves the best for Beauty's grave
Lurk'd in each cornice, round each architrave—
And every sculptur'd cherub thereabout
That from his marble dwelling peeréd out
Seem'd earthly in the shadow of his niche—
Achaian statues in a world so rich?
*Friezes from Tadmor and Persepolis—
From Balbec, and the stilly, clear abyss
**Of beautiful Gomorrah! O, the wave
Is now upon thee—but too late to save!
Sound loves to revel in a summer night:
Witness the murmur of the grey twilight
* Voltaire, in speaking of Persepolis, says, "Je connois
bien l'admiration qu'inspirent ces ruines—mais un palais
erigé au pied d'une chaine des rochers sterils—peut il
être un chef d'oevure des arts!" [Voila les arguments de M.
Voltaire.]
** "Oh! the wave"—Ula Degusi is the Turkish appellation;
but, on its own shores, it is called Bahar Loth, or
Almotanah. There were undoubtedly more than two cities
engluphed in the "dead sea." In the valley of Siddim were
five—Adrah, Zeboin, Zoar, Sodom and Gomorrah. Stephen of
Byzantium mentions eight, and Strabo thirteeen, (engulphed)
—but the last is out of all reason.
It is said, (Tacitus, Strabo, Josephus, Daniel of St. Saba, Nau,
Maundrell, Troilo, D'Arvieux) that after an excessive drought, the
vestiges of columns, walls, &c. are seen above the surface. At any
season, such remains may be discovered by looking down into the
transparent lake, and at such distances as would argue the existence of
many settlements in the space now usurped by the 'Asphaltites.'
*That stole upon the ear, in Eyraco,
Of many a wild star-gazer long ago—
That stealeth ever on the ear of him
Who, musing, gazeth on the distance dim.
And sees the darkness coming as a cloud—
***Is not its form—its voice—most palpable and loud?
But what is this?—it cometh—and it brings
A music with it—'tis the rush of wings—
A pause—and then a sweeping, falling strain
And Nesace is in her halls again.
From the wild energy of wanton haste
Her cheeks were flushing, and her lips apart;
And zone that clung around her gentle waist
Had burst beneath the heaving of her heart.
Within the centre of that hall to breathe
She paus'd and panted, Zanthe! all beneath,
The fairy light that kiss'd her golden hair
And long'd to rest, yet could but sparkle there!
***Young flowers were whispering in melody
To happy flowers that night—and tree to tree;
Fountains were gushing music as they fell
In many a star-lit grove, or moon-lit dell;
Yet silence came upon material things—
Fair flowers, bright waterfalls and angel wings—
And sound alone that from the spirit sprang
Bore burthen to the charm the maiden sang:
* Eyraco—Chaldea.
** I have often thought I could distinctly hear the sound of
the darkness as it stole over the horizon.
*** Fairies use flowers for their charactery.—Merry Wives
of Windsor. [William Shakespeare]
"'Neath blue-bell or streamer—
Or tufted wild spray
That keeps, from the dreamer,
*The moonbeam away—
Bright beings! that ponder,
With half closing eyes,
On the stars which your wonder
Hath drawn from the skies,
Till they glance thro' the shade, and
Come down to your brow
Like—eyes of the maiden
Who calls on you now—
Arise! from your dreaming
In violet bowers,
To duty beseeming
These star-litten hours—
And shake from your tresses
Encumber'd with dew
The breath of those kisses
That cumber them too—
(O! how, without you, Love!
Could angels be blest?)
Those kisses of true love
That lull'd ye to rest!
Up!—shake from your wing
Each hindering thing:
The dew of the night—
It would weigh down your flight;
And true love caresses—
O! leave them apart!
* In Scripture is this passage—"The sun shall not harm
thee by day, nor the moon by night." It is perhaps not
generally known that the moon, in Egypt, has the effect of
producing blindness to those who sleep with the face exposed
to its rays, to which circumstance the passage evidently
alludes.
They are light on the tresses,
But lead on the heart.
Ligeia! Ligeia!
My beautiful one!
Whose harshest idea
Will to melody run,
O! is it thy will
On the breezes to toss?
Or, capriciously still,
*Like the lone Albatross,
Incumbent on night
(As she on the air)
To keep watch with delight
On the harmony there?
Ligeia! whatever
Thy image may be,
No magic shall sever
Thy music from thee.
Thou hast bound many eyes
In a dreamy sleep—
But the strains still arise
Which thy vigilance keep—
The sound of the rain
Which leaps down to the flower,
And dances again
In the rhythm of the shower—
**The murmur that springs
From the growing of grass
* The Albatross is said to sleep on the wing.
** I met with this idea in an old English tale, which I am
now unable to obtain and quote from memory:—"The verie
essence and, as it were, springe-heade, and origine of all
musiche is the verie pleasaunte sounde which the trees of
the forest do make when they growe."
Are the music of things—
But are modell'd, alas!—
Away, then my dearest,
O! hie thee away
To springs that lie clearest
Beneath the moon-ray—
To lone lake that smiles,
In its dream of deep rest,
At the many star-isles
That enjewel its breast—
Where wild flowers, creeping,
Have mingled their shade,
On its margin is sleeping
Full many a maid—
Some have left the cool glade, and
* Have slept with the bee—
Arouse them my maiden,
On moorland and lea—
Go! breathe on their slumber,
All softly in ear,
The musical number
They slumber'd to hear—
For what can awaken
An angel so soon
* The wild bee will not sleep in the shade if there be
moonlight. The rhyme in this verse, as in one about sixty
lines before, has an appearance of affectation. It is,
however, imitated from Sir W. Scott, or rather from Claud
Halcro—in whose mouth I admired its effect:
O! were there an island,
Tho' ever so wild
Where woman might smile, and
No man be beguil'd, &c.
Whose sleep hath been taken
Beneath the cold moon,
As the spell which no slumber
Of witchery may test,
The rythmical number
Which lull'd him to rest?"
Spirits in wing, and angels to the view,
A thousand seraphs burst th' Empyrean thro',
Young dreams still hovering on their drowsy flight—
Seraphs in all but "Knowledge," the keen light
That fell, refracted, thro' thy bounds, afar
O Death! from eye of God upon that star:
Sweet was that error—sweeter still that death—
Sweet was that error—ev'n with us the breath
Of science dims the mirror of our joy—
To them 'twere the Simoom, and would destroy—
For what (to them) availeth it to know
That Truth is Falsehood—or that Bliss is Woe?

* With the Arabians there is a medium between Heaven and
Hell, where men suffer no punishment, but yet do not attain
that tranquil and even happiness which they suppose to be
characteristic of heavenly enjoyment.
Un no rompido sueno—
Un dia puro—allegre—libre
Quiera—
Libre de amor—de zelo—
De odio—de esperanza—de rezelo.—-Luis Ponce de Leon.
Sorrow is not excluded from "Al Aaraaf," but it is that
sorrow which the living love to cherish for the dead, and
which, in some minds, resembles the delirium of opium. The
passionate excitement of Love and the buoyancy of spirit
attendant upon intoxication are its less holy pleasures—
the price of which, to those souls who make choice of "Al
Aaraaf" as their residence after life, is final death and
annihilation.
What guilty spirit, in what shrubbery dim,
Heard not the stirring summons of that hymn?
But two: they fell: for Heaven no grace imparts
To those who hear not for their beating hearts.
A maiden-angel and her seraph-lover—
O! where (and ye may seek the wide skies over)
Was Love, the blind, near sober Duty known?
*Unguided Love hath fallen—'mid "tears of perfect moan."
He was a goodly spirit—he who fell:
A wanderer by moss-y-mantled well—
A gazer on the lights that shine above—
A dreamer in the moonbeam by his love:
What wonder? For each star is eye-like there,
And looks so sweetly down on Beauty's hair—
And they, and ev'ry mossy spring were holy
To his love-haunted heart and melancholy.
The night had found (to him a night of wo)
Upon a mountain crag, young Angelo—
Beetling it bends athwart the solemn sky,
And scowls on starry worlds that down beneath it lie.
Here sate he with his love—his dark eye bent
With eagle gaze along the firmament:
Now turn'd it upon her—but ever then
It trembled to the orb of EARTH again.
"Iante, dearest, see! how dim that ray!
How lovely 'tis to look so far away!
* There be tears of perfect moan
Wept for thee in Helicon.—Milton.
She seem'd not thus upon that autumn eve
I left her gorgeous halls—nor mourn'd to leave.
That eve—that eve—I should remember well—
The sun-ray dropp'd, in Lemnos, with a spell
On th'Arabesque carving of a gilded hall
Wherein I sate, and on the draperied wall—
And on my eye-lids—O the heavy light!
How drowsily it weigh'd them into night!
On flowers, before, and mist, and love they ran
With Persian Saadi in his Gulistan:
But O that light!—I slumber'd—Death, the while,
Stole o'er my senses in that lovely isle
So softly that no single silken hair
Awoke that slept—or knew that it was there.

What time upon her airy bounds I hung
One half the garden of her globe was flung
Unrolling as a chart unto my view—
Tenantless cities of the desert too!
Ianthe, beauty crowded on me then,
And half I wish'd to be again of men."
"My Angelo! and why of them to be?
A brighter dwelling-place is here for thee—
* It was entire in 1687—the most elevated spot in Athens.
** Shadowing more beauty in their airy brows
Than have the white breasts of the Queen of Love.—Marlowe.
And greener fields than in yon world above,
And women's loveliness—and passionate love."
"But, list, Ianthe! when the air so soft
*Fail'd, as my pennon'd spirit leapt aloft,
Perhaps my brain grew dizzy—but the world
I left so late was into chaos hurl'd—
Sprang from her station, on the winds apart,
And roll'd, a flame, the fiery Heaven athwart.
Methought, my sweet one, then I ceased to soar
And fell—not swiftly as I rose before,
But with a downward, tremulous motion thro'
Light, brazen rays, this golden star unto!
Nor long the measure of my falling hours,
For nearest of all stars was thine to ours—
Dread star! that came, amid a night of mirth,
A red Dædalion on the timid Earth.
"We came—and to thy Earth—but not to us
Be given our lady's bidding to discuss:
We came, my love; around, above, below,
Gay fire-fly of the night we come and go,
Nor ask a reason save the angel-nod
She grants to us, as granted by her God—
But, Angelo, than thine grey Time unfurl'd
Never his fairy wing o'er fairier world!
Dim was its little disk, and angel eyes
Alone could see the phantom in the skies,
When first Al Aaraaf knew her course to be
Headlong thitherward o'er the starry sea—
But when its glory swell'd upon the sky,
As glowing Beauty's bust beneath man's eye,
* Pennon—for pinion.—Milton.
We paus'd before the heritage of men,
And thy star trembled—as doth Beauty then!"
Thus, in discourse, the lovers whiled away
The night that waned and waned and brought no day.
They fell: for Heaven to them no hope imparts
Who hear not for the beating of their hearts.


Character Name:
Submit
Heal Yourself
Go to Town
Battle
Nameless
Health:
100
Strength:
0
Sleep:
0
Food:
0
Money:
0
Experience:
0
Level:
0
Hirelings:
0
Enemy:
Nameless
Health:
0
Strength:
0
Level:
0
Attack!
Heal!
Run!
attacked
for
points!
healed for
points!
ran away. What a coward!


Class Symbols
Represents a symbols table with all the definitions required to generate a PHP extension.
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
#
AddConstant(
Adds a constant to the symbols table. |
public
|
#
AddEnumeration(
Adds an enumeration to the symbols table. |
public
|
#
AddTypeDef(
Adds a type definition to the symbols table. |
public
|
#
AddGlobalVar(
Adds a global variable to the symbols table. |
public
|
#
AddFunction(
Adds a function to the symbols table. |
public
|
#
AddClass(
Adds a class to the symbols table. |
public
boolean
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|
public
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#
GetStandardType(
Gets a standard type identifier for a variable type. |
public
|
#
GetPHPStandardType(
Gets the php standard type identifier for a variable type. |
public
|
#
GetComponents( string $type )
Get the components of a variable type as namespace and class by checking the whole symbols object for matches. |
public
|
#
GetClassChilds( string $class_name, mixed $namespace = "" )
Gets a list of child classes that inherit from the given class. |
public
|
#
HasNamespace( string $namespace, string $header = "" )
Check if the symbols object has a given namespace. |
public
|
#
HasConstant( string $name, string $header = "", string $namespace = "" )
Check if the symbols object has a constant. |
public
|
#
HasEnumeration( string $name, string $header = "", string $namespace = "" )
Check if the symbols object has an enumeration. |
public
|
#
HasTypeDef( string $name, string $header = "", string $namespace = "" )
Check if the symbols object has a typedef. |
public
|
#
HasGlobalVariable( string $name, string $header = "", string $namespace = "" )
Check if the symbols object has a global variable. |
public
|
#
HasFunction( string $name, string $header = "", string $namespace = "" )
Check if the symbols object has a function. |
public
|
|
public
|
#
HasClassEnum( string $type )
Checks if a given type is a class enumeration. and class names separated by the :: operator or \. |
public
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|
public
|
|
public
|
#
RemoveConstant( string $name, string $namespace = "", string $header = "" )
Removes a constant from the symbols object. |
public
|
#
RemoveEnumeration( string $name, string $namespace = "", string $header = "" )
Removes an enumeration from the symbols object. |
public
|
#
RemoveTypeDef( string $name, string $namespace = "", string $header = "" )
Removes a typedef from the symbols object. |
public
|
#
RemoveGlobalVariable( string $name, string $namespace = "", string $header = "" )
Removes a global variable from the symbols object. |
public
|
#
RemoveFunction( string $name, string $namespace = "", string $header = "" )
Removes a function from the symbols object. |
public
|
#
RemoveClass( string $name, string $namespace = "", string $header = "" )
Removes a class from the symbols object. |
public
|
$headers |
|
#
List of header files (#include) |


|
||||||||||
| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Packages that use mb.tictactoe.data | |
|---|---|
| mb.tictactoe | |
| mb.tictactoe.data | |
| mb.web |
| Classes in mb.tictactoe.data used by mb.tictactoe | |
|---|---|
| Board
Game board, with size, winning length, and contents. |
|
| Participant
Data of the user: login, password, player/observer assignment. |
| Classes in mb.tictactoe.data used by mb.tictactoe.data | |
|---|---|
| Board
Game board, with size, winning length, and contents. |
|
| CellData
CellState + coordinates of a cell. |
|
| CellState
Basicly just non-abstract child-copy of EmptyOrCrossOrNought . |
|
| ChatMsg
Single message that is in the chat. |
|
| CrossOrNought
Restricts the values only to 'x' and 'o'. |
|
| EmptyOrCrossOrNought
Abstract superclass for objects that can be 'x', 'o' or ' ', like fields in game board and such. |
|
| Participant
Data of the user: login, password, player/observer assignment. |
|
| PlayerSide
Non-abstract class used to store side that the player is on. |
|
| ServerData.UserData
|
| Classes in mb.tictactoe.data used by mb.web | |
|---|---|
| Game
Contains all data about one game. |
|
| Participant
Data of the user: login, password, player/observer assignment. |
|
| ServerData
Database of the server, convertable to XML. |
|
||||||||||
| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


Acura
1994
white
120
11.1.b bind attribute of submission element
When you activate the Submit trigger the page must be replaced by the form data. You must see the value
"white" in the form data. You must not see the values "Acura", "1994", or
"120".
Submit


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Users avatars should be shown on Homepage |
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Map should reflect manual coordinates input |
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Map circle should reflect observation radius |
| Baseline |
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Map circle should reflect observation radius |
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Save Observation Area Preferences |
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Fill Coordinates Show Map Centered |
| Baseline |
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Select Cache Name From OC Autocomplete Fill Waypoint |
| Baseline |
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Moves Should Be Shown On GeoKret Page |
| Baseline |
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Picture Owner Can Delete Picture |
| Baseline |
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|


The Narrow Road to the Deep North by Richard Flanagan
The 2014 Man Booker Prize winner is an unforgettable story of one man’s reckoning with the truth. Surgeon Dorrigo Evans works on the Burma Death Railway in a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp. Torn apart by his love affair with his uncle’s young wife two years earlier, Evans struggles to save his men from starvation, cholera and beatings. Then he receives a letter that will change his life forever. A classic in the making.
Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty
In this modern take on Marx’s Capital, Piketty examines a unique collection of data from twenty countries, from as far back as the 18th century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. This economics title had a short print run which took off – everyone wanted to read it just as it became unavailable.
Lila by Marilynne Robinson
A gentle expression of the mysteries of existence, this is superb, concise writing. Robinson revisits characters and settings from Pulitzer Prize-winning Gilead and Orange Prize-winning Home.
H is for Hawk by Helen MacDonald
Unflinchingly honest account of Macdonald’s struggle with grief following the death of her father. She pursues her childhood dream of being a falconer, buying Mabel from a Scottish quayside and taking her home to Cambridge, the beginning of a spiritual journey.
The Miniaturist by Jessie Burton
In this suspenseful historical novel, Teenage Nella Oortman comes to 17th-century Amsterdam to marry into the wealthy merchant Brandt family. However, she soon learns that the family are threatened by their dark secrets. Debut novel that will be read for years to come.
Elizabeth is Missing by Emma Healey
Despite growing increasingly forgetful, nearly-90-year-old Maud is determined to find her missing friend, Elizabeth. Maud uncovers connections with her sister, Sukey, who went missing after World War II. Hugely popular and still issuing strongly.
There’s Something I’ve Been Dying to Tell You by Lynda Bellingham
The late actress, television personality and bestselling author Lynda Bellingham recently died of cancer. This poignant memoir deals with life after diagnosis, her family and how they came to terms with an unplanned future.
The Lie by Helen Dunmore
Following World War I, without family and a home, Daniel comes to terms with the horrors and passions of his past.  You will remember this subtle and moving story long after you have finished it.
A Clean Break: My Story by Christophe Bassons
Christophe Bassons was a successful professional cyclist. His willingness to denounce the doping culture set him against owners, management and his peers including Lance Armstrong. A year later, his career was over.
Little Lies by Liane Moriarty
Pirriwee seems to be the perfect village for Jane and her son to settle in. However, after a playground rift with two mothers, things get out of hand – murder. There ought to be a warning with this book: If you start reading you won’t be able to put it down.


Define slots and which partner may bid for them.
Define or copy your bidding partner JavaScript code.
Define or copy your ad server JavaScript code to send bids to auction.
Define where to display your ad.
Set a bidder timeout and start the pubfood auction.
Very good You read through the steps. This is the sample ad rendered by the steps.


FCC Tic-Tac-Toe
P1:
P2:
Reset
Wanna play alone or with a friend?
Alone...
With a friend!
Do you (player 1) wanna be X or O?

You lost...
Well, you're evenly matched.


Page 1 of 2
AP Exams
Posted:
Wed May 03, 2006 4:30 am
by Karl G.
How many are you guys taking?
I've got calculus today, English thursday.
then...
Monday - biology and physics (ow)
Tuesday - government
Wednesday - chemistry and psychology (ow x 2)
Thursday - economics
Posted:
Wed May 03, 2006 8:18 am
by Joe M.
took stats yesterday.
Thurs - Eng
Fri - Euro
Tues next - Gov
Thurs next - Art History + Eco
Posted:
Wed May 03, 2006 4:07 pm
by Keats
Lucky guys. My exams don't start until like June 15
But. I only have to write 3. University english, university math (functions and relations...save me...) and general science.
Stupid general science. I'm in Grade 10 now and can't go into a specific branch that I want to (ie physics) until next year.
Posted:
Wed May 03, 2006 5:45 pm
by Karl G.
Hehe. I wish I could still be doing functions and relations, instead of this:
If you're curious/brave:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series
Posted:
Wed May 03, 2006 7:01 pm
by Keats
Oh...my...god.
I don't think reading all that was a good idea...now I'm terrified of university haha
Random thought - Wikipedia is great for explaining math. I remember a few months ago I found this fractal generating program, and it turns out I needed to know f of x graphs so that I could enter a whole bunch of functions and it could graph them and export some really cool graphics. I asked my math teacher (turns out he's an idiot...) when we'd be learning them instead of just normal quadratic parabolas and he said it's not part of the grade 10 curriculum. So, determined (read:bored) I went on Wikipedia and it explained them really well. And I made some sweet random fractals baha.
Posted:
Thu May 04, 2006 4:08 am
by Karl G.
I love Wikipedia. If it combined with Google, there would be 1 source for all information, ever.
Posted:
Sat May 13, 2006 10:27 am
by JonDotG
Yeah, both of mine are over so I am just enjoying my last week of high school now.
Posted:
Thu May 18, 2006 9:41 pm
by Jamie
Man, in a way I wish I could go back to when AP Exams were the hardest thing I had to look forward to.
But all of you are graduating in the next week, right? Where are you all going next year?
Posted:
Thu May 18, 2006 10:11 pm
by Joe M.
Baylor!
oh--today, I got a call telling me that the Navy would put me in ROTC if I went to Carnegie Mellon--I say "thanks guys--that would have been nice to know, oh, a *month* ago..." (probably wouldn't have gone, but still!)
Posted:
Thu May 18, 2006 11:46 pm
by Jamie
hahaha, crazy Navy. Cool for Baylor. Did you apply to Carnegie Mellon? That was one of my top schools for a while.
Posted:
Fri May 19, 2006 5:56 am
by Karl G.
Hi Jamie!!!!
Posted:
Fri May 19, 2006 8:29 am
by Joe M.
yeah--I applied and got in to CM, but Baylor was more friendly.
Posted:
Sat May 20, 2006 10:04 am
by Keats
Wow...am I really the only one not going into university next year?
Haha hooray for Grade 11 in September...
Posted:
Sun May 21, 2006 9:45 pm
by Jamie
Hey Karl! How's it hangin'?
Keats - I <3 your Inu Yasha sig. I <3 Inu Yasha.
Posted:
Mon May 22, 2006 5:54 am
by Karl G.
I watched Inu Yasha for the first time on saturday. I also got salmonella poisoning...
Posted:
Mon May 22, 2006 1:15 pm
by Keats
Inuyasha's amazing...salmonella poisoning, not so much.
Posted:
Tue May 23, 2006 11:41 am
by Joe M.
samonella? good work.
when will I see you @ TKD again?
Posted:
Tue May 23, 2006 12:08 pm
by Karl G.
Hopefully this week. I've been busy/lazy/sick :-p
Posted:
Tue May 23, 2006 4:50 pm
by Jamie
mmm, salmonella. Sounds yucky.
Posted:
Wed May 24, 2006 2:52 pm
by Karl G.
Yeah, it's nothing like salmon
Posted:
Wed May 24, 2006 9:24 pm
by Jamie
I can imagine, but now your mention of salmon is making me crave crackers, cream cheese, capers and smoked salmon. In that order, all on the cracker. Salmon is yummy. Salmonella not so much.
Posted:
Fri May 26, 2006 9:09 pm
by Keats
Mmm salmon...I made myself some salmon for dinner tonight, with a nice butter and dill sauce on the top.
Deeeeelicious.
Posted:
Sat May 27, 2006 7:07 am
by Karl G.
oh man...Keats, are there any White Spots near you? If so, go ask for their Atlantic Salmon Burger. It's 5 bucks and absolutely amazing.
Posted:
Sat May 27, 2006 9:30 am
by Keats
There are no White Spots in my area, unfortunately, but two weeks ago I flew out to Alberta for my grandpa's 60th birthday, and when I was in Leduc we went to one and I ordered just that burger (not too much of a coincidence, if there's ever anything seafood related at a restaurant I order it
)...oh man, was it ever amazing.
Posted:
Sat May 27, 2006 12:12 pm
by Karl G.
YOU'RE MY HERO!!!


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