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Const defaultQuizSettings
defaultQuizSettings: object
addPoint
addPoint: number = 5
allowUnderZero
allowUnderZero: false = false
lang
lang: string = "ja-JP"
level
level: "normal" = "normal"
levelSettings
levelSettings: object = levelSettings
operator
operator: "plus" = "plus"
reducePoint
reducePoint: number = -1


The main displayed object in POW is a graph. A graph is defined by a list of curves and images that belong to it. When a graph is selected (by clicking anywhere within its bounds) a thumbnail version of the whole graph will be displayed in the scope window at the upper right showing all of the curves and images that belong to that graph. The displayed version of the graph, in the main POW window, lower left, will only display those members of the graph that fall within the X and Y ranges for the current region of interest.
The most important thing to remember when using pow is that all actions, such as dragging out a region for GTI selection in Xselect, or choosing a region of interest to zoom in on refer to the currently selected graph. The currently selected graph is surrounded by a yellow box in the main POW window, it is displayed in the scope window, and its name is shown in the yellow box above the scope. So remember to click on the graph you're interested in before dragging your mouse.
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We define authoritative vocabularies as vocabularies (cf. sec:vocab-analysis) which are (1) published by renowned standardization organizations; (2) used widely in a large number of other vocabularies and (3) defined in a more domain independent way addressing more general concerns.
Hence, these most widely used vocabularies should be considered as a first option for reuse (cf. our list of authoritative vocabularies in tab:vocabs).
Search online resources, such as vocabulary registries like LOV
11 and LODStats
12 or ontology search engines like Swoogle
13 and Watson
14 to find terms to reuse.
The output of this process is a set of terms.
These terms should be ranked taking care about the number of datasets that use it, the amount of instances and the frequency in which the vocabulary or the term is reused [
Pedrinaci et al., 2014].
Also, the semantic description and definition of the term should be checked in order to test if it fits the intended use.
If the term has a
strong semantic meaning for the domain, different from the existing ones, then a new element should be created.
Especially elements from authoritative vocabularies should be reused as individual vocabulary elements.
For non-authoritative vocabularies a reuse of individual identifiers is less recommendable and the creation of own vocabulary elements with a possible alignment (cf. P-R7) or the reuse of larger modules (cf. P-R5) should be considered.
(Opposite of P-R4) Often vocabularies require certain basic structures such as addresses, persons, organizations, which are already defined in non-authoritative vocabularies.
Such structures comprise usually the definition of one or several classes and a number of properties.
If the conceptualizations match the complete reuse of a whole module should be considered.
By reusing the resources and their identifiers from other vocabularies, a very strong semantic commitment is being made.
It should be primarily considered for reuse of terms from authoritative vocabularies (P-R1) or the reuse of complete modules (P-R5).
(Opposite of P-R6) Instead of the strong semantic commitment of reusing identifiers from non-authoritative vocabularies, alignments using
owl:sameAs,
owl:equivalentClass,
owl:equivalentProperty,
rdfs:subClassOf,
rdfs:subPropertyOf can be established.
With the goal to clarify some of the proposed practices we set the following example.
We want to reuse the term Person.
Then, we start by using the statistics provided by LOV for this term.
Table:
Reuse table for term Person
|
Terms
|
Occurrences |
Datasets |
Reused by
|
Documented |
Naming Conventions |
Multilinguality
|
| foaf:Person |
2,320,027 |
72 |
307 |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
| npg:Person |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
| bbccore:Person |
0 |
0 |
0 |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
| schema:Person |
980,153 |
2 |
44 |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
| akt:Person |
3,183,315 |
23 |
5 |
No |
Yes |
No |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The tab:reuse clearly shows that the best two candidates for reusing are foaf:Person and schema:Person.
In this case, there is a significant amount of occurrences for akt:Person but it is only reused by other 5 vocabularies.
Also, it does not belong to the authoritative vocabularies.
In this case we should chose between our two best ranked candidates.
In order to do this, we should check in the ontology that will be reused, not only the ranked values but also if (1) the term is minimally documented (i.e. the use of rdfs:label and rdfs:comment or skos:prefLabel and skos:definition) ; (2) the term follows some naming conventions (i.e. CamelNotation or other notation used consistently) and (3) the term is annotated at least in English (i.e. the use of rdfs:label "Person"@en;).
In this example, the best choice to reuse is the class foaf:Person.
In this specific example, it is important to note that, there exist an alignment between the classes of our two best ranks candidates.
Both ontologies, FOAF and Schema.org, contain owl:equivalentClass axioms that align this term Person respectively.
This means that regarding the semantic purpose of the design any of those classes can be reused.
Despite of this fact, we encourage the observations of all the mentioned criteria for reuse in order to have a clean and documented design of the ontology.
The larger and more complex a vocabulary is, the more difficult is the development and maintenance process.
In this regard, modularization is an important aspect of collaborative vocabulary development [Suarez-Figueroa et al., 2012].
[Poveda-Villalón, 2012] describes an ontology module as a loosely coupled and self-contained component of an ontology that keeps relationships with other ontology modules.
Even though in some cases ontology modules are considered to be independent ontologies [dâ€™Aquin et al., 2008], from the development perspective components are not treated as independent elements.
Organizing a vocabulary in files where each file represents a module, is a way of managing modularity within the development process.
Furthermore, some reports show that a module in a mid-sized vocabulary should contain between 200 and 300 lines of code [Schlicht and Stuckenschmidt, 2006].
Since modularity depends on the overall size of the vocabulary, we see the following three possibilities how the file structure should be organized with respect to modularity.
When the vocabulary is small (e.g. contains less than 300 lines of code) and represents a domain which cannot be divided in sub domains, it should be saved within one single file.
If the number of contributors is relatively small and the domain of the vocabulary is very focused, organizing it into one single file might be possible, even if it exceeds 300 lines of code.
However, if the comprehensibility is exacerbated, splitting it into different files should be considered (P-S2).
If the vocabulary contains more then 300 lines of code or if it covers a more complex domain, it should be organized into different subdomains.
When the subdomains themselves are small enough they should be represented by different files within the parent folder.
In this case, domain experts can contribute independently by modifying modules according to their field of expertise.
In case of very large vocabularies comprising complex domains, splitting the whole vocabulary into files is not sufficient, as it would lead to a large amount of files within a single folder.
Therefore, the subdomains should be represented by folders if they are large enough to be split into different components represented by different files.
In this case, the folder and file structure should reflect the complex hierarchy of the overall domain.
Ontologies comprise a terminological part (TBox) and the individuals (ABox).
Even though vocabularies are more about the terminological parts, they can also contain individuals.
However, authoritative vocabularies reveal that in most cases the number of individuals is quite small.
For the sake of completeness, it is worth mentioning that due to ambiguity of the term vocabulary, in some cases the ABox can grow and even exceed the size of the TBox significantly.
In this case, it should be considered to split the whole vocabulary into different files according to the TBox and the ABox.
This will increase the performance of reasoning process [
Sirin et al., 2006].
Following naming conventions has a high impact in vocabulary development [
Schober et al., 2012].
They provide guidance to the collaborators about the use of specific styles for naming elements.
Naming conventions help to avoid lexical inaccuracies and increase the robustness and exportability, specifically in cases when vocabularies should be interlinked and aligned with each other [
Schober et al., 2009].
The utilization of meaningful names increases the robustness of context-based text mining for automatic term recognition and ease the manual and automated integration of terminological artifacts (i.e. comparison, checking, alignment and mapping) [
Svátek and Šváb-Zamazal, 2010,
Schober et al., 2012].
There exists some naming patterns for ontologies15 aiming to determine best practices for naming the elements for ontologies.
Considering the literature on this topic [Schober et al., 2007,Schober et al., 2009,Montiel-Ponsoda et al., 2011] and the results of sec:vocab-analysis we propose some practices to be observed regarding the naming of vocabulary terms.
For vocabulary construction, the use of the CamelCase notation is a best practice [Svátek et al., 2009].
Our study also indicated the presence of this notation in 62% of the cases.
Therefore, we propose the observation of this specific notation to be used in vocabulary construction.
Name all concepts as single nouns using CamelCase notation (i.e.
PlanReturn).
Name all properties as verb senses also following CamelCase approach.
The name of an property should not normally be a plain noun phrase, in order to clearly distinct from class names (i.e.
hasProperty or
isPropertyOf).
Provide short names and for providing natural names with more than three nouns use the
rdfs:label property with the long name.
For instance, for
ManageSupplyChainBusinessRules use
BusinessRules and set the full name in the label.
In order to explain the context (i.e. Supply Chain), complement this label with the
skos:altLabel (cf. p:skos-altLabel).
Assign logical and short names to namespaces preferable, with no more than five letters (i.e.
foaf:XXX, schema:XXX).
For example,
rdfs:label "A Process that contains..".
Avoid names with ``And'', ``Or'', ``Other'', ``Part'', ``Type'', ``Category'', ``Entity'' and those related to datatypes like ``Date'' or ``String''.
Avoid the use of negations.
For instance, instead of
NoParkingAllowed use
ParkingForbidden.
In those cases the CamelNotation should not be used and the name of the company or product should be used as is (i.e. SAP, Daimler AG).
Dereferenceability
One of the four rules that should be followed during vocabulary development is naming things with HTTP URIs16.
Adopting HTTP URIs for identifying things is appropriate due to the following reasons:
(1) it is simple to create global unique keys in a decentralized fashion and
(2) the generated key is not used just as a name but also as an identifier.
By combining dereferenceability with content negotiation17, the server will provide adequate content for a resource based on the type of request.
There are three different strategies to make URIs of resources dereferenceable: (1) slash URIs; (2) hash URIs and (3) a combination between them18.
When the client request a resource from server by providing its URIs, the server response will be
303 see other.
Slash URI should be used when dealing with large datasets.
This makes the server to response only with requested resource.
An example of using slash URIs is as follows:
In Mobivoc19 vocabulary the URI that identifies the ChargingPoint resource is:
http://purl.org/net/mobivoc/ChargingPoint
The URI of turtle representation of above resource should be:
http://purl.org/net/mobivoc/ChargingPoint.ttl
and URI of html representation should be:
http://purl.org/net/mobivoc/ChargingPoint.html
In order to get information about ChargingPoint, the client provides URI and specify request type.
In turn server response will be 303 see other by redirecting to appropriate representation.
This solution is formed by including a fragment to the URIs.
The fragment is separated from the rest of URI by using
hash symbol (
#).
Use hash URIs when dealing with small datasets.
This will reduce number of HTTP round trips.
An example of using hash URIs is:
The URI of the ScorVoc20 vocabulary is:
http://purl.org/eis/vocab/scor
The URI of the Process resource is:
http://purl.org/eis/vocab/scor#Process
This allows a large dataset to be split into multiple fractions.
Use this solution when datasets may grow to some point where it is not practical to serve all resources in single document.
An example of such combination is:
http://purl.org/eis/vocab/scor/Process#this
With the purpose of delivering content based on request type, server should be configured in accordance to the best practices for publishing RDF vocabularies
21.
To provide a multilingual design for ontologies is desirable but not an straightforward issue [
Gracia et al., 2012].
According to our empirical analysis in sec:vocab-analysis and aiming at keeping things simple we propose the following best-practices.
Use English for every element and explicitly set with the
@en notation.
In order to add another language, use another line adding the same format for every element.
The following example illustrates this practice with translations for the class
SupplyChain.
scor:SupplyChain rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "SupplyChain"@en;
rdfs:comment "A Supply Chain is a ..."@en ;
rdfs:label "Lieferkette"@de;
rdfs:comment "Eine Lieferkette ist ..."@de.
This approach should be followed with all the elements starting from the basics ones like
rdfs:label and
rdfs:comment but also for the external annotation properties (i.e.
skos:prefLabel).
Providing user friendly view of vocabularies for non-experts is crucial for integrating Semantic Web with everyday Web [Peroni et al., 2013].
It facilitates contribution of domain experts during the development process.
In addition, it helps other interested parts for easy use of vocabulary in later phases as well.
There exists different tools for documentation generation.
Basically, these tools requires that following information should be present for each resource to enable generation process.
Add a
rdfs:label to every element setting the main name of the concept that is being represented.
Add a
rdfs:comment to describe the context for which the element is created.
Easy-to-use documentation is critical for the wide adoption of the vocabulary.
As described in subsection
4.3.1, we have two different types of URIs.
In case that during vocabulary creation slash URIs are used for identifying resources then tools like Schema.org documentation generation
22 should be used for documentation generation.
Tools like Parrot
23 are appropriate if hash URIs or combination between slash and hash URIs are used for identifying resources.
Validation is an important aspect in the ontology development process [Yu et al., 2009,Poveda-Villalón et al., 2012].
It analyzes whether ontology correctly represents the knowledge domain in accordance to user requirements and best practices [Gómez-Pérez et al., 2006,Yu et al., 2009,Kezadri and Pantel, 2010].
Criteria used for validation activity are: (1) correctness; (2) completeness and (3) consistency [Suárez-Figueroa, 2010].
With the purpose of addressing the above mentioned criteria, we propose the following practices.
When collaborating directly on the vocabulary source code, syntax checking is of paramount importance.
Ideally syntax checking is directly integrated into the editor and committing violating code is not possible.
For example, tools such as Parrot
24 or Web-based tools such as: RDF Validation Service
25 or OWL2 Validator
26 can be used for finding common typos and syntax errors.
Code smells are symptoms in the software source code that possibly indicate deeper problems.
Similarly tools such as OOPS
27 can be used for vocabulary smell checking.
OOPS is a Web-based tool for detecting common ontology pitfalls such as: (1) missing relationships; (2) using incorrectly ontology elements and (3) missing domain and range properties.
The complete list of pitfalls that are detected by OOPS is presented in [
Poveda-Villalón et al., 2012].
Since we deal in vocabularies with lightweight ontologies it is not very likely to have axioms that produce semantic inconsistencies.
Nevertheless, our analysis in sec:vocab-analysis showed that in authoritative vocabularies there are cases that lead to semantic inconsistencies (i.e. class disjointness).
Handling inconsistencies impacts the quality of ontologies [
Abburu, 2012].
Tools like Pellet
28, Fact++
29, Racer
30, HermiT
31 or the Web based tool ConsVISor
32 should be used for consistency checking.
Tools such as Vapour
33 verify whether data are correctly published according Linked Data principles and the best publishing practices
34.
In sec:vocab-analysis we analysed common practices that are followed by vocabulary engineers (i.e. the creation of object properties and their associated domain and range axioms).
It is important to remark that those practices are always domain dependent, but still can serve as general guidelines to be followed in the process of designing vocabularies.
When creating a property, consider to provide the associated domain and range definitions.
This also means that in case of object properties the corresponding classes should be defined.
In case of datatype properties, the range should be a suitable datatype.
Create inverse properties only if it is strictly necessary to have a relation in two directions (i.e.
invalidated and
wasInvalidatedBy).
Inverse properties affect the size as well as the complexity of the vocabulary.
Use class disjointness to logically avoid overlapping classes.
Even though disjointness has been used in authoritative vocabularies, it should be carefully examined because it can easily lead to semantic inconsistencies.
The Simple Knowledge Organization System (
SKOS)
35 is a W3C recommendation for modeling vocabularies in the Web.
SKOS is currently used by at least 478 vocabularies [
Haslhofer et al., 2013].
The utilization of some
SKOS constructs is considered a best practice for declaring and documenting indexing terms (i.e.
skos:prefLabel) and alternatives terms (i.e.
skos:altLabel) [
Manaf et al., 2012,
Baker et al., 2013].
Both above mentioned properties are subproperties of
rdfs:label.
SKOS provides a more detailed notion of the labeling concept, which can be useful for better descriptions of the terms.
The content of the labels can be different showing some difference between the semantics of each property.
For instance,
skos:prefLabel might describe some shorter definition for the concept than
rdfs:label.
P-A5 Use skos:altLabel to describe variations of the concept
Alternative labels can complement the label with the acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular plural/singular forms for a concept.


enhance enhance
NAME
enhance - A program that adds command-line editing to third party pro-
grams.
SYNOPSIS
enhance command [ argument ... ]
DESCRIPTION
The enhance program provides enhanced command-line editing facilities
to users of third party applications, to which one doesn't have any
source code. It does this by placing a pseudo-terminal between the
application and the real terminal. It uses the tecla command-line edit-
ing library to read input from the real terminal, then forwards each
just completed input line to the application via the pseudo-terminal.
All output from the application is forwarded back unchanged to the real
terminal.
Whenever the application stops generating output for more than a tenth
of a second, the enhance program treats the latest incomplete output
line as the prompt, and redisplays any incompleted input line that the
user has typed after it. Note that the small delay, which is impercep-
tible to the user, isn't necessary for correct operation of the pro-
gram. It is just an optimization, designed to stop the input line from
being redisplayed so often that it slows down output.
Note that the user-level command-line editing facilities provided by
the Tecla library are documented in the tecla man page
DEFICIENCIES
The one major problem that hasn't been solved yet, is how to deal with
applications that change whether typed input is echo'd by their con-
trolling terminal. For example, programs that ask for a password, such
as ftp and telnet, temporarily tell their controlling terminal not to
echo what the user types. Since this request goes to the application
side of the psuedo terminal, the enhance program has no way of knowing
that this has happened, and continues to echo typed input to its con-
trolling terminal, while the user types their password.
Furthermore, before executing the host application, the enhance program
initially sets the pseudo terminal to noecho mode, so that everything
that it sends to the program doesn't get redundantly echoed. If a pro-
gram that switches to noecho mode explicitly restores echoing after-
wards, rather than restoring the terminal modes that were previously in
force, then subsequently, every time that you enter a new input line, a
duplicate copy will be displayed on the next line.
FILES
libtecla.a - The tecla library.
~/.teclarc - The tecla personal customization file.
SEE ALSO
tecla, libtecla
AUTHOR
Martin Shepherd<EMAIL_ADDRESS>enhance


-
-
900Calories
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Roasting a whole turkey is easier than you think. Just follow these simple instructions for a fresh or thawed turkey:
Preheat oven to 325° F. Drain juices and pat dry with clean paper towels.
Place turkey breast side up on a flat rack in a shallow roasting pan 2 to 2½ inches deep.
Turn the wings back to hold the neck skin in place. (Tucking the wings will help stabilize the turkey in the pan and when carving) Brush or spray skin lightly with vegetable or cooking oil for best appearance.
Insert an oven-safe meat thermometer deep into the lower part of the thigh without touching the bone. When the thigh is up to temperature, and if the turkey is stuffed, move the thermometer to the center of the stuffing.
Place your turkey in the oven.
When the turkey is about ⅔ done, loosely cover breast and top of drumsticks with a piece of foil to prevent overcooking.
Your turkey is done when the temperature with a meat thermometer is 180° F in thigh and 165° F in breast or stuffing.
Lift turkey onto platter, and let stand for 15 minutes before carving.


My Tasks
Organization
Tasks Done
The Newars
Clothes donation camp
Bagmati Youth Camp
Bagmati cleanliness program


| # | Sta | Rlx | Name | Row Text |
| 0 | | 0 | autoRow0 | "Earth" is a kind of "planet" (e473-7297-61c1-56fa) |
| 1 | | 0 | autoRow1 | "sunlight" is a kind of "light" (49dc-4526-46f9-5b32) |
| 2 | ST | 0 | autoRow2 | light reflecting off of an object causes that object to be visible to the observer (6315-d70b-bc57-16c8) |
| 3 | ST | 0 | autoRow3 | if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen (ae74-32dc-4291-fb82) |
| 4 | ST | 0 | autoRow4 | reflection is when light is reflected from one object ; one place to another object ; another place (264f-5a85-6765-8c90) |
| 5 | ST | 0 | autoRow5 | the moon reflects sunlight towards the Earth (a423-40e8-3886-4df5) |
| 6 | ST | 0 | autoRow6 | the sun is a source of light ; light energy called sunlight (a538-175f-9223-d117) |
| 7 | ST | 0 | autoRow7 | a moon is a kind of celestial object ; body (e2ec-1655-c1fd-cb58) |
| 8 | ST | 0 | autoRow8 | a planet is a kind of celestial object ; body (22a2-1029-702e-a29a) |
| 9 | ST | 0 | autoRow9 | a star is a kind of celestial object ; celestial body (dbe8-e776-f804-99a0) |


Time Length to Discover:
Time Length to Develop:
Time Length to Exploit:
Time Length to Disclose:
Real-time Exploitation and Disclosure Strategy Suggestion
| Vulnerability ID | Action | Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| VID-2019-15982 | Exploit development |
Yes |
| Exploit length |
96 days |


Taking the Coursera Machine Learning course. Will post condensed notes every week as part of the review process. All material originates from the free Coursera course, taught by Andrew Ng.
Assumes you have knowledge of Week 2.
Table of Contents
Logistic Regression
Classification and Representation
Classification
Recall that classification involves a hypothesis function which returns a discontinuous output (common example was whether or not a tumor was benign or cancerous based on size).
To attempt classification, one option is to use linear regression and map all the predictions greater than or equal 0.5 as a 1, and all of the values less than 0.5 as a 0. However, this method does not work well because classification is not actually a linear function.
The classification problem is similar to the regression problem, except the values we now predict can only be a small number of discrete values.
The binary classification problem is when y can take on two values, 0 and 1.
Example: When trying to build a spam classifier, then $x^{(i)}$ may be features of a piece of email, and $y$ can be 1 if it’s spam or $y$ can be zero otherwise. Hence, $y \in \{0, 1\}$. The negative class here is 0, and the positive class here is 1. Given $x^{(i)}$, the corresponding $y^{(i)}$ is also called the label for the training example.
Hypothesis Representation
We want to change the model of our hypothesis function to fit the use case where answers can either be 0 or 1. One representation of this hypothesis function is the Sigmoid Function or the Logistic Function.
$$ h_\theta(x) = g(\theta^Tx) $$ $$ z = \theta^Tx $$ $$ g(z) = \dfrac{1}{1 + e^{-z}} $$
This is what the above function looks like:
The function $g(z)$ maps any real number to the (0, 1) interval. This is useful in transforming an arbitrary valued function into a function suited for classification.
The hypothesis function $h_\theta(x)$ gives us the probability that our output is 1. For example, $h_\theta(x) = 0.7$ tells us that input x is 70% likely to output as a 1. The probability that the prediction is 0 is the compliment (in this case it is 30%).
$$ h_\theta(x) = P(y = 1|x;\theta) = 1 - P(y = 0|x; \theta) $$ $$ P(y = 0|x; \theta) + P(y = 1|x; \theta) = 1 $$
Decision Boundary
In order to classify discretely into 0 or 1, we translate the output of the hypothesis function as follows:
$$ h_\theta(x) \geq 0.5 \rightarrow y = 1 $$ $$ h_\theta(x) \lt 0.5 \rightarrow y = 0 $$
The way the logistic function $g$ behaves is that when its input is greater than or equal to zero, its output is greater than or equal to 0.5.
$$ g(z) \geq 0.5 $$ $$ \text{when } z \geq 0 $$
Recall, from the definition of the sigmoid function:
$$ z=0, e^0-1 \Rightarrow g(z)=1 / 2 $$ $$ z \rightarrow \infty, e^{-\infty} \rightarrow 0 \Rightarrow g(z) = 1 $$ $$ z \rightarrow -\infty, e^{\infty} \rightarrow \infty \Rightarrow g(z) = 0 $$
If the input to $g$ is $\theta^TX$ then:
$$ h_\theta(x) = g(\theta^Tx) \geq 0.5 $$ $$ \text{when } \theta^Tx \geq 0 $$
Combining the two above statements, we can now say:
$$ \theta^Tx \geq 0 \Rightarrow y = 1 $$ $$ \theta^Tx \lt 0 \Rightarrow y = 0 $$
This function is our decision boundary. It separates the area where $y = 0$ and where $y = 1$. It is created by the hypothesis function.
Example:
$$ \theta = \begin{bmatrix} 5 \newline -1 \newline 0 \end{bmatrix} $$ $$ y = 1 \text{ if } 5 + (-1)x_1 + 0x_2 \geq 0 $$ $$ 5 - x_1 \geq 0 $$ $$ -x_1 \geq -5 $$ $$ x_1 \leq 5 $$
In this example, the decision boundary is a straight vertical line placed on the graph where $x_1 = 5$. Everything to the left of this line denotes $y = 1$ while everything to the right of this line denotes $y = 0$.
Note: The input to the sigmoid function $g(z)$ does not need to be linear. A valid input function could be $z = \theta_0 + \theta_1x_1^2 + \theta_2x_2^2 $ which describes a circle. We can use any arbitrary function which fits our data.
Logistic Regression Model
Cost Function
We cannot use the same cost function that we use for linear regression because the logistic function will cause the output to be wavy, causing many local optima. We want our function to be convex.
For logistic regression, the cost function looks like this:
$$ J(\theta) = \dfrac{1}{m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m \text{ Cost}(h_\theta(x^{(i)}), y^{(i)}) $$ $$ \text{Cost}(h_\theta(x), y) = -\log(h_\theta(x)) \hspace{1em} \text{if} \hspace{1em} y = 1 $$ $$ \text{Cost}(h_\theta(x), y) = -\log(1 - h_\theta(x)) \hspace{1em} \text{if} \hspace{1em} y = 0 $$
When y = 1, we get the following plot for $J(\theta)$ vs $h_\theta(x)$:
When y = 0, we get the following plot for $J(\theta)$ vs $h_\theta(x)$:
This is equivalent to the following:
$$ \text{Cost}(h_\theta(x), y) = 0 \text{ if } h_\theta(x) = y $$ $$ \text{Cost}(h_\theta(x), y) \rightarrow \infty \text{ if } y = 0 \text{ and } h_\theta(x) \rightarrow 1 $$ $$ \text{Cost}(h_\theta(x), y) \rightarrow \infty \text{ if } y = 1 \text{ and } h_\theta(x) \rightarrow 0 $$
If the correct answer ‘y’ is 0, then the cost function will be 0 if our hypothesis function also outputs a 0. If the hypothesis approaches 1, then the cost function will approach infinity.
If the correct answer ‘y’ is 1, then the cost function will be 0 if our hypothesis function also outputs a 1. If the hypothesis approaches 0, then the cost function will approach infinity.
Writing the cost function in this way guarantees that $J(\theta)$ is convex for logistic regression.
Simplified Cost Function and Gradient Descent
The two conditional cases of the cost function can be compressed into one case:
$$ \text{Cost}(h_\theta(x), y) \hspace{1em} = \hspace{1em} -y \log(h_\theta(x)) \hspace{1em} - \hspace{1em} (1 - y)\log(1 - h_\theta(x)) $$
Notice! When y is equal to 1, then the second term $(1 - y)\log(1 - h_\theta(x))$ will equal zero and will not effect the result. If y is equal to 0 then the first term $-y\log(h_\theta(x))$ will be zero and will not effect the result.
We can fully write this entire cost function as the following:
$$ J(\theta) = - \dfrac{1}{m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m[y^{(i)}\log(h_\theta(x^{(i)})) + (1 - y^{(i)})\log(1 - h_\theta(x^{(i)}))] $$
This is equivalent to the following vectorized form:
$$ h = g(X\theta) $$ $$ J(\theta) = \dfrac{1}{m} \cdot (-y^T \log(h) - (1 - y)^T \log(1-h))$$
Recall that in Gradient descent, the general form is the following:
Repeat $$ \theta_j := \theta_j - \alpha \dfrac{\partial}{\partial\theta_j}J(\theta) $$
Calculating the derivative, we get:
Repeat $$ \theta_j := \theta_j - \dfrac{\alpha}{m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m(h_\theta(x^{(i)}) - y^{(i)}) \cdot x^{(i)} $$
This is cosmetically the same algorithm we used in linear regression, however in linear regression the value $h_\theta(x) = \theta^Tx$ but in logistic regression, the value $h_\theta(x) = \dfrac{1}{1 + e^{-\theta^Tx}}$. We still must update all values in theta.
Vectorized approach is $\theta := \theta - \dfrac{\alpha}{m}X^T(g(X\theta) - \overrightarrow{y}) $
Advanced Optimization
There exist many algorithms, like “Conjugate Gradient, BFGS, L-BFGS” that are more sophisticated, faster ways to optimize $\theta$ instead of gradient descent. (It’s suggested not to write these algorithms yourself, but instead use the libraries provided by Octave.)
We first provide a function that evaluates the following two functions for a given input value $\theta$:
$$J(\theta)$$ $$\dfrac{\partial}{\partial\theta_j}J(\theta)$$
We can then write a single function that returns both of these:
function [jVal, gradient] = costFunction(theta)
jVal = [... code to compute J(theta)...];
gradient = [...code to compute derivative of J(theta)...];
end
The we can use octave’s fminfunc()
optimizatino algorithm with the optimset()
function that creates an object containing the options we want to send to fminunc()
options = optimset('GradObj', 'on', 'MaxIter', 100);
initialTheta = zeros(2, 1);
[optTheta, functionVal, exitFlag] = fminunc(@costFunction, initialTheta, options);
The function fminunc()
is given our cost function, initial theta values, and the options object we created beforehand.
Multiclass Classification
Multiclass Classification: One-vs-all
The logistic regression classifier is extended to work in the case with more than two categories. Instead of $y = { 0, 1 }$ we will expand our definition such that $y = { 0, 1, …, n }$.
Since $y = { 0, 1, …, n }$ we divide our problem into $n + 1$ (Add 1 because the index starts at 0) binary classification problems. In each one of these problems, predict the probability that $y$ is a member of one of the classes.
$$y \in { 0, 1, …, n } $$ $$ h_\theta^{(0)}(x) = P(y = 0|x;\theta) $$ $$ h_\theta^{(1)}(x) = P(y = 1|x;\theta) $$ $$ \vdots $$ $$ h_\theta^{(n)}(x) = P(y = n|x;\theta) $$ $$ \text{prediction } = \max\limits_i(h_\theta^{(i)}(x)) $$
We are choosing one class and lumping all others into a single second class. This is done repeatedly by applying binary logistic regression to each case, then use the hypothesis that returned the highest value as our prediction.
This image shows an example for how one could classify three classes:
Summary: Train a logistic regression classifier $h_\theta(x)$ for each class to predict the probability that $y = i$. To make a prediction on a new x, pick the class that maximizes $h_\theta(x)$.
Regularization
Solving the Problem of Overfitting
The Problem of Overfitting
Consider the problem of predicting $y \text{ from } x \in \mathbb{R}$.
- The left most figure shows the result of fitting the straight line. $y = \theta_0 + \theta_1x$ to a dataset. The data doesn’t really lie on a straight line, we can see the fit is not good. This figure is underfitting because the data clearly shows structure not captured by the model.
- The middle figure looks like an accurate fit to our dataset.
- The right most figure shows the result of fitting a $5^{\text{th}}$ order polynomial $y = \sum_{j=0}^{5} \theta_jx^j$. The curve passes through the data perfectly, but we would not expect this to be a good predictor for housing prices (y) for different living areas (x). This figure is overfitting.
Underfitting (high bias) is when the hypothesis function h maps poorly to the trend of the data. It is caused by a function that is too simple or uses too few features. Overfitting (high variance) is caused by a hypothesis function that fits the available data but does not generalize well to predict new data. This is caused by a complicated function that creates a lot of unnecessary curves and angles unrelated to the data.
This terminology is applied to both logistic and linear regression. There are two main options to address the issue of overfitting.
1) Reduce the number of features
- Manually select which features to keep
- Use a model selection algorithm (later in course)
2) Regularization
- Keep all of the features, but reduce the magnitude of parameters $\theta_j$
- Regularization works well when we have many slightly useful features.
Cost Function
We can reduce the weight that some of the terms in our function carry by increasing their cost in order to reduce overfitting from our hypothesis function.
Let’s say we wanted to make the following function more quadratic:
$$ \theta_0 + \theta_1x + \theta_2x^2 + \theta_3x^3 + \theta_4x^4 $$
We will want to eliminate the influence of $\theta_3x^3$ and $\theta_4x^4$. Without getting rid of these features or changing the form of our hypothesis, we can instead modify the cost function:
$$ \min_\theta \dfrac{1}{2m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m(h_\theta(x^{(i)}) - y^{(i)})^2 + 1000 \cdot \theta_3^2 + 1000 \cdot \theta_4^2 $$
We add two extra terms at the end of the cost function to inflate the cost of $\theta_3$ and $\theta_4$. Now, in order for the cost function to get close to zero, we will need to reduce the values of $\theta_3$ and $\theta_4$ to near zero. This in return reduces the values of $\theta_3x^3$ and $\theta_4x^4$ in the hypothesis function. As seen below, the new hypothesis denoted by the pink curve looks like a quadratic function and fits the data better due to the small terms $\theta_3x^3$ and $\theta_4x^4$.
We can also regularize all of our theta parameters in a single summation.
$$ \min_\theta \dfrac{1}{2m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m(h_\theta(x^{(i)}) - y^{(i)})^2 + \lambda \sum\limits_{j=1}^n\theta_j^2 $$
Note, we don’t regularize $\theta_0$, although in practice it usually doesn’t matter.
The lambda ($\lambda$) is the regularization parameter. It determines how much theta parameter costs are inflated. We can use this to smooth the output of the hypothesis function to reduce overfitting. However, if lambda is too large, it may smooth out the function too much and cause underfitting (make the hypothesis appear to be a straight horizontal line). If the lambda is too small, we will not penalize costs enough and the problem of overfitting remains.
Regularized Linear Regression
We will modify the gradient descent function to separate out $\theta_0$ from the rest of the parameters because we do not want to penalize $\theta_0$.
Repeat { $$ \theta_0 := \theta_0 - \alpha \dfrac{1}{m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m(h_\theta(x^{(i)}) - y^{(i)}) \cdot x_0^{(i)} $$ $$ \theta_j := \theta_j - \alpha[(\dfrac{1}{m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m(h_\theta(x^{(i)})-y^{(i)}) \cdot x_j^{(i)}) + \dfrac{\lambda}{m}\theta_j] \hspace{2em} j \in { 1, 2, \dots, n }$$ }
The term $\dfrac{\lambda}{m}\theta_j$ performs the regularization. With some manipulation, the update rule can also be represented as:
$$ \theta_j := \theta_j(1 - \alpha\dfrac{\lambda}{m}) - \alpha\dfrac{1}{m} \sum\limits_{i=1}^m(h_\theta(x^{(i)})-y^{(i)}) \cdot x_j^{(i)} $$ The term in the above question $1 - \alpha\dfrac{\lambda}{m}$ will always be less than 1. Intuitively it is reducing the value of $\theta_j$ by some amount every update. The second term remains unchanged.
Normal Equation
To approach regularization using the alternate method of the non-iterative normal equation, we add another term inside the parenthesis:
$$\theta = (X^TX + \lambda \cdot L)^{-1}X^Ty $$ $$\text{where } L = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & & & & \newline & 1 & & & \newline & & 1 & & \newline & & & \ddots & \newline & & & & 1 \end{bmatrix} $$
L is a matrix with a 0 at the top left and 1’s down the diagonal with 0s everywhere else. It should have dimension $(n+1) \text{ x } (n+1)$. Intuitively this is the identity matrix, excluding $x_0$, multiplied by a single real number $\lambda$.
Recall that if $m < n$ then $X^TX$ is non invertible. However, when we add the term $\lambda \cdot L$ then $X^TX + \lambda \cdot L$ becomes invertible.
Regularized Logistic Regression
We can regularize logistic regression in a similar way to how we regularize linear regression. The following image shows how the regularized function (dentoted by the pink line) is less likely to overfit than the non-regularized function represented by the blue line.
Recall that the cost function for logistic regression was:
$$ J(\theta) = - \dfrac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i=1}^m[y^{(i)} \log(h_\theta(x^{(i)})) + (1-y^{(i)}) \log(1-h_\theta(x^{(i)}))] $$
This can be regularized by adding a regularization term to the end:
$$ J(\theta) = - \dfrac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i=1}^m[y^{(i)} \log(h_\theta(x^{(i)})) + (1-y^{(i)}) \log(1-h_\theta(x^{(i)}))] + \dfrac{\lambda}{2m} \sum\limits_{j=1}^n\theta_j^2 $$
This second sum $\sum\limits_{j=1}^n\theta_j^2$ explicitly excludes $\theta_0$, the bias term. The $\theta$ vector is indexed from 0 to n (length of n+1, $\theta_0$ through to $\theta_n$). Thus, when computing the equation, we should continuously update the two following equations:
Move on to Week 4.


WebSocket modules are JavaScript modules which are used as Web Socket endpoints and serve web socket sessions. They exist only on J2EE server or a servlet container.


See: Description
| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| CMPObjectIdentifiers |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| CAKeyUpdAnnContent | |
| CertConfirmContent | |
| CertifiedKeyPair | |
| CertOrEncCert | |
| CertRepMessage | |
| CertResponse | |
| CertStatus | |
| Challenge | |
| CMPCertificate | |
| CRLAnnContent | |
| ErrorMsgContent | |
| GenMsgContent | |
| GenRepContent | |
| InfoTypeAndValue |
Example InfoTypeAndValue contents include, but are not limited
to, the following (un-comment in this ASN.1 module and use as
appropriate for a given environment):
id-it-caProtEncCert OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 1}
CAProtEncCertValue ::= CMPCertificate
id-it-signKeyPairTypes OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 2}
SignKeyPairTypesValue ::= SEQUENCE OF AlgorithmIdentifier
id-it-encKeyPairTypes OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 3}
EncKeyPairTypesValue ::= SEQUENCE OF AlgorithmIdentifier
id-it-preferredSymmAlg OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 4}
PreferredSymmAlgValue ::= AlgorithmIdentifier
id-it-caKeyUpdateInfo OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 5}
CAKeyUpdateInfoValue ::= CAKeyUpdAnnContent
id-it-currentCRL OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 6}
CurrentCRLValue ::= CertificateList
id-it-unsupportedOIDs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 7}
UnsupportedOIDsValue ::= SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
id-it-keyPairParamReq OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 10}
KeyPairParamReqValue ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
id-it-keyPairParamRep OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 11}
KeyPairParamRepValue ::= AlgorithmIdentifer
id-it-revPassphrase OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 12}
RevPassphraseValue ::= EncryptedValue
id-it-implicitConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 13}
ImplicitConfirmValue ::= NULL
id-it-confirmWaitTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 14}
ConfirmWaitTimeValue ::= GeneralizedTime
id-it-origPKIMessage OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 15}
OrigPKIMessageValue ::= PKIMessages
id-it-suppLangTags OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-it 16}
SuppLangTagsValue ::= SEQUENCE OF UTF8String
where
id-pkix OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
iso(1) identified-organization(3)
dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7)}
and
id-it OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-pkix 4}
|
| KeyRecRepContent | |
| OOBCertHash | |
| PBMParameter | |
| PKIBody | |
| PKIConfirmContent | |
| PKIFailureInfo |
PKIFailureInfo ::= BIT STRING {
badAlg (0),
-- unrecognized or unsupported Algorithm Identifier
badMessageCheck (1), -- integrity check failed (e.g., signature did not verify)
badRequest (2),
-- transaction not permitted or supported
badTime (3), -- messageTime was not sufficiently close to the system time, as defined by local policy
badCertId (4), -- no certificate could be found matching the provided criteria
badDataFormat (5),
-- the data submitted has the wrong format
wrongAuthority (6), -- the authority indicated in the request is different from the one creating the response token
incorrectData (7), -- the requester's data is incorrect (for notary services)
missingTimeStamp (8), -- when the timestamp is missing but should be there (by policy)
badPOP (9) -- the proof-of-possession failed
certRevoked (10),
certConfirmed (11),
wrongIntegrity (12),
badRecipientNonce (13),
timeNotAvailable (14),
-- the TSA's time source is not available
unacceptedPolicy (15),
-- the requested TSA policy is not supported by the TSA
unacceptedExtension (16),
-- the requested extension is not supported by the TSA
addInfoNotAvailable (17)
-- the additional information requested could not be understood
-- or is not available
badSenderNonce (18),
badCertTemplate (19),
signerNotTrusted (20),
transactionIdInUse (21),
unsupportedVersion (22),
notAuthorized (23),
systemUnavail (24),
systemFailure (25),
-- the request cannot be handled due to system failure
duplicateCertReq (26)
|
| PKIFreeText | |
| PKIHeader | |
| PKIHeaderBuilder | |
| PKIMessage | |
| PKIMessages | |
| PKIStatus | |
| PKIStatusInfo | |
| PollRepContent | |
| PollReqContent | |
| POPODecKeyChallContent | |
| POPODecKeyRespContent | |
| ProtectedPart | |
| RevAnnContent | |
| RevDetails | |
| RevRepContent | |
| RevRepContentBuilder | |
| RevReqContent |


WEEK 24 TUESDAY
Year 1 (Year 2)
FIRST READING 1 Timothy 3:1-13
A bishop must be above reproach; deacons likewise must hold the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience.
A reading from the first Letter of Saint Paul to Timothy
Beloved: The saying is sure: If any one aspires to the office of bishop,
he desires a noble task. Now a bishop must be above reproach, the husband of one
wife, temperate, sensible, dignified, hospitable, an
apt teacher, no drunkard, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, and no lover
of money. He must manage his own household well, keeping his children
submissive and respectful in every way; for if a man does not know how to
manage his own household, how can he care for God's church? He must not be a
recent convert, or he may be puffed up with conceit and fall into the
condemnation of the devil; moreover he must be well thought of by outsiders, or
he may fall into reproach and the snare of the devil. Deacons likewise must be
serious, not double-tongued, not addicted to much
wine, not greedy for gain; they must hold the mystery of the faith with a clear
conscience. And let them also be tested first; then if they prove themselves
blameless let them serve as deacons. The women likewise must be serious, no
slanderers, but temperate, faithful in all things. Let deacons be the husband
of one wife, and let them manage their children and their households well; for
those who serve well as deacons gain a good standing for themselves and also
great confidence in the faith which is in Christ Jesus.
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Psalm 101:1-2ab.2cd-3ab.5.6 (R. 2c)
R. I will walk with blameless heart.
I sing of merciful love and justice; I raise a psalm to you, O LORD. I
will ponder the way of blameless. O when will you come to me?
R. I will walk with blameless heart.
I will walk with blameless heart within my house; I will not set before
my eyes whatever is base.
R. I will walk with blameless heart.
Whoever slanders a neighbour in secret I will
bring to silence. Proud eyes and haughty heart I will
never endure.
R. I will walk with blameless heart.
My eyes are on the faithful of the land, that
they may dwell with me. The one who walks in the way of the blameless shall be
my servant.
R. I will walk with blameless heart.
FIRST READING 1 Corinthians 12:12-14.27-31
“Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it.”
A reading from the first Letter of Saint Paul to the Corinthians
Brethren: Just as the body is one and has many members,
and all the members of the body, though many, are one body, so it is with
Christ. For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body--Jews or Greeks,
slaves or free--and all were made to drink of one Spirit. For the body does not
consist of one member but of many. Now you are the body of Christ and
individually members of it. And God has appointed in the church first apostles,
second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, then healers,
helpers, administrators, speakers in various kinds of tongues. Are all
apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work miracles? Do all
possess gifts of healing? Do all speak with tongues? Do all interpret? But
earnestly desire the higher gifts.
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Psalm 100:1-<IP_ADDRESS> (R. 3c)
R. We are his people, the sheep of his flock.
Cry out with joy to the LORD, all the earth. Serve
the LORD with gladness. Come before him, singing for joy.
R. We are his people, the sheep of his flock.
Know that he, the LORD, is God. He made us; we
belong to him. We are his people, the sheep of his flock.
R. We are his people, the sheep of his flock.
Enter his gates with thanksgiving and his courts
with songs of praise. Give thanks to him, and bless his name.
R. We are his people, the sheep of his flock.
Indeed, how good is the LORD, eternal his merciful love. He is faithful from age to age.
R. We are his people, the sheep of his flock.
R. Alleluia. A great prophet has arisen among us, and God has visited his people. R. Alleluia.
GOSPEL Luke 7:11-17
“Young man, I say to you, arise.”
A reading from the holy Gospel according to Luke
At that time: Jesus went to a city called Nain,
and his disciples and a great crowd went with him. As he drew near to the gate
of the city, behold, a man who had died was being carried out, the only son of
his mother, and she was a widow; and a large crowd from the city was with her.
And when the Lord saw her, he had compassion on her and said to her, "Do
not weep." And he came and touched the bier, and the bearers stood still.
And he said, "Young man, I say to you, arise."
And the dead man sat up, and began to speak. And he gave him to his mother.
Fear seized them all; and they glorified God, saying, "A great prophet has
arisen among us!" and "God has visited his people!" And this
report concerning him spread through the whole of
The Gospel of the Lord


Quote of the Day
The secret of getting ahead is getting started.
Featured Projects
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To get the current Corporate Lobbying data, index the current Slice with the dataset Symbol. Slice objects deliver unique events to your algorithm as they happen, but the Slice may not contain data for your dataset at every time step. To avoid issues, check if the Slice contains the data you want before you index it.
def OnData(self, slice: Slice) -> None: if slice.ContainsKey(self.dataset_symbol): data_points = slice[self.dataset_symbol] for data_point in data_points: self.Log(f"{self.dataset_symbol} amount at {slice.Time}: {data_point.Amount}")
public override void OnData(Slice slice) { if (slice.ContainsKey(_datasetSymbol)) { var dataPoints = slice[_datasetSymbol]; foreach (var dataPoint in dataPoints) { Log($"{_datasetSymbol} amount at {slice.Time}: {dataPoint.Amount}"); } } }
To iterate through all of the dataset objects in the current Slice, call the Get method.
def OnData(self, slice: Slice) -> None: for dataset_symbol, data_points in slice.Get(QuiverLobbyings).items(): for data_point in data_points: self.Log(f"{dataset_symbol} amount at {slice.Time}: {data_point.Amount}")
public override void OnData(Slice slice) { foreach (var kvp in slice.Get<QuiverLobbyings>()) { var datasetSymbol = kvp.Key; var dataPoints = kvp.Value; foreach(var dataPoint in dataPoints) { Log($"{datasetSymbol} amount at {slice.Time}: {dataPoint.Amount}"); } } }


There was nothing about Down by law that particularly excited me. I knew nothing about the director ( Jim Jarmusch ), except that I could not pronounce his last name. I knew nothing about it's lead actors (John Lurie, Tom Waits and Roberto Benigni). And Except for the choice of black and white colors there was no reason for me get this. I am a sucker for black and white movies. Especially modern black and white movies. The only reason I picked up Down by law then was because it was a modern black and white movie. I am glad I did. It introduced me to the wonderful movies of Jim which otherwise I would have never bothered to see.
The movie consists of three acts, there are no acts per se but it is quite clear that the movie has three distinct phases.
The first act introduces the characters.  For unknown reasons the three men are put in jail for crimes they did not commit.
The second act is about the time they spend in jail. The characters get to know each other better and eventually break out of the prison.
The third act is about them fleeing from the cops after which they all go their separate ways.
Taken individually these characters are common. Jack is like any other pimp looking to expand his business. Zack is like any other alcoholic who does not get along with his girlfriend and Roberto is like any other foreigner who is out of place. What's extraordinary is how these characters come together and interact with each other.
In act two, for instance, Zack is the first one to be thrown into prison. He is all alone in there and does not do much expect for counting days. When Jack joins him he tries to make conversation with him. But he finds Jack to be condescending, judgmental and "nothing like him".
Jack on the other hand is circumspect. He has been betrayed by an acquaintance so he is distant. Though he is burdened by being in prison so he wants to talk to keep the atmosphere light.
Zack is quick to take offence and the two often break into a fight. Though after a few sullen expressions they both go back to their cheery self.
During the course of the movie Jack comes to know that Zack is a popular DJ. At first he refuses to believe him but when Zack does a voice over he is convinced.
Things get crazier when Roberto is thrown into the same prison with them. At first both Zack and Jack find him annoying. He keeps messing up their names.
"I am Zack with a z".
"I am Jack with a J".
They find Roberto to be dim witted. Of course Roberto on his part does nothing to prove otherwise. He has little command over English language. He can hardly put two words together to make a sentence and yet keeps a diary to throw around phrases at any opportunity that he can get. His choice is almost always wrong and it makes for a belly aching laugh.
"I ham a good egg"
"If looks could kill, I am a-dead now."
and
"I scream, you scream, we all scream, for ice cream" are classics.
But before long he grows on them and like myself they laugh at his odd choice of phrases and they laugh with him while playing poker and sometimes they even laugh on him when he fails to understand what they are talking about. He proves his worth when he finds out a way escape the prison.
Once out of the prison they have to figure out a way to get as far away from the jail as possible. While fleeing they come across a pool of water and the only way to cross it is by swimming. Roberto however does not know how to swim. At first both Zack and jack teasingly leave him. Roberto becomes quite distressed. But Zack comes back and they change their route.
After a few days on their own the food becomes a scarcity. Roberto rescues them once more by hunting a rabbit and cooking it "just like his mother".
Through sheer luck they come across a house and as it turns out the owner is an Italian lady. Roberto falls in love with her and decides to live with her happily ever after.
As for Jack and Zack they travel for a few miles together when they come across a diverging road where they part ways.


JS <input> event test
Type Here:
Are any of the following still red?
ONFOCUS
ONKEYPRESS
ONKEYDOWN
ONKEYUP
ONINPUT
ONPASTE -- expected failure: known bug in android :(
Reset Test


ANATOMY OF A MURDER (1959) A film review by Edwin Jahiel Copyright 1996 Edwin Jahiel
ANATOMY OF A MURDER (1959) Directed by Otto Preminger. Written by Wendell Mayes from a novel by Judge John D. Voelker (writing under the nom de plume Robert Traver).
Still one of the best courtroom dramas made. Ben Gazzara (perhaps the ideal screen hypocrite) here in his second film, is an Army lieutenant accused of killing a barman, the presumed rapist (throughout,this, as well as the rape, remain presumptions) of provocative wife, (Lee Remick in her third movie role). He is defended by small-town lawyer James Stewart, prosecuted by nasty, big-city George C. Scott.
Preminger filmed in a real Michigan locale, with clever long takes. Clever too is the casting, as the judge, of Boston lawyer Joseph N. Welch, the avuncular hero of the McCarthy-Army hearings ("Have you no shame, Senator?") that had brought about the downfall of the dangerous and paranoid Senator from Wisconsin.
The "Anatomy" in question is less that of the trial--which remains ambiguous to the end -- than of the American judicial system, so that there are in-references, often humorous. Among them, a drunken lawyer (Stewart's assistant) is named Parnell, which sounds much like a reference to J. Parnell Thomas who was, in a sense, McCarthy's predecessor as chairman of the House Un-American Committee of The Hollywood Ten notoriety -- and who later landed in prison for financial malfeasance.
The film was a sensation in its day, for its unprecedented discussion of sexual matters, rape and a pair of panties. Its performances are excellent as well as precise, down to minor figures. Note, for example, that of a hostile barman.
Preminger treats his movie with almost glacial objectivity. The visuals are realistic, the photography by Sam Leavitt is in creamy black and white with a full scale of shadings.
The movie made a star of Lee Remick after Lana Turner had declined the role. "Anatomy of A Murder" received eight Academy Award nominations: for Picture, Actor (Stewart), Supporting Actor (Arthur O'Connell and George C. Scott), Writing, Cinematography, Editing (Louis R. Loeffler).
Though it won no Oscars, it was a major hit and high up on many Best Movie of the Year lists. The New York Film Critics gave it their Best Screenplay prize; the Venice Film Festival named James Stewart Best Actor.
Aside from it other virtues, including a fine Duke Ellington score (Ellington has a walk-on role too),the film is something of a landmark in the undoing of Hollywood self-censorship. Otto Preminger had already breached its prudishness in 1952 with the comedy "The Moon Is Blue," in which the female lead Maggie McNamara used then-taboo language (as when she asked William Holden :" Are you trying to seduce me?") or other no-no words like "virgin." It may seem ludicrous, in our current over-the-top times, that such matters created a furore then, but such are the facts.
Then, in 1955, Preminger's "The Man With the Golden Arm," about a drug-addict (Frank Sinatra), heightened the controversy. As this was followed in 1959 by "Anatomy of a Murder," one might say that those three Preminger movies, albeit entirely different,were a kind of Code-breaking trilogy.
"Anatomy" runs 161 minutes, Seeing it on tape or on a cable premium channel without commercials is by far the best way.
(Edwin Jahiel)
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


- Authors and Contributors
- Sponsors
- Copyright
- About Tycho Brahe
- Overview
- Technical Rationale
- Release Notes
- Installing Tycho
- Running Tycho under: Unix or
Windows
- Troubleshooting Tycho
Tycho Home Page
Copyright © 1996-1998, The Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.
Last updated: 03/29/98,
comments to: tycho@eecs.berkeley.edu


[1]
Fun to consume your time no complaints about 1/4 mile off from your fingers.
[2]
Fun to consume your time no complaints about 1/4 mile off from your fingers needs the voice quality Camera is ok.


Welcome to pqreader’s documentation!¶
Created on Mon Sep 9 17:08:31 2019
@author: Martin Fränzl
-
pqreader.
correct_overflow
(timetags, valid)[source]¶ Correct time-tags for overflow.
- Arguments:
timetags (int32 array): time-tags
valid (int32 array): valid flags
-
pqreader.
process_t3records
(t3records)[source]¶ Decode 32 bit T3R records from PicoQuant .t3r files.
- Arguments:
- t3records (int32 array): T3R records
- Returns:
route (int32 array): The routing channel the photon event came from.
data (int32 array): The channel number of the photon event (start-stop-timing).
timetags (int64 array): The time-tag of the photon event.
-
pqreader.
t3r_reader
(filename)[source]¶ Read processed TR3 records from a PicoQuant .t3r file.
- Arguments:
- filename (string): The path of the .t3r file to be read.
- Returns:
timetags (int64 array): The time-tag of the photon event.
route (int32 array): The routing channel the photon event came from.
data (int32 array): The channel number of the photon event (start-stop-timing).
metadata (dict): A dictionary containing the metadata.


Canada's first public, on-campus Makerspace
Introduced a risk-free, resource-rich environment to test ideas and build prototypes
Introduced a risk-free, resource-rich environment to test ideas and build prototypes
Successfully closed financing round with Elon Musk
Won space for operations in an industrially certified facility
Successfully gained funding from local and provincial tech accelerators
SparQ Labs is a space, a Makerspace, that provides tools like 3D Printers and Laser Cutters and the knowledge to build the next big thing.
SparQ Labs is the big idea, the idea that anyone can create the next big thing by having access to the right knowledge and resources.
SparQ Labs is the Maker Movement.
SparQ Labs began in a spartan meeting room occupied beyond its humble capacity. Fast forward a few months and we were now sitting in a fully industrial facility sponsored by the University, fully dedicated to our operations.
Why did we start?
We started out with a burning desire. We were continuously bombarded with images of technological innovations all over the web, with the latest 3D printers and laser cutters all too fresh in our vivid memories. But what if we wanted to use one?
The only 3D printer on campus was the one locked behind administrative doors - requiring special permissions should you want to use one for restricted uses. So we developed an idea. Let us make a space with the latest tech available to every Queen's student and price it at cost.
And so with nothing more than a great desire and a foolhardy group of engineers and business students, SparQ Labs was born.


Fri Jan 24, 2014
Our elevator is frequently awash in foul dog pee. But, besides from being pretty disgusting, what is interesting to me was how the initial emotional response to the pee led to increasingly refined revisions. The final word on the matter is watered-down bureaucratic drivel that won’t do much to stop the guilty party, I’m afraid.
So, here is the initial vigilante response:
This emotional response was followed up with a more tempered appeal to a witch-hunt brand of justice:
And finally, we have the dry legalistic response from management:
And yet the pee still flows freely.


The animation
property is a shorthand property for
animation-name
,
animation-duration
,
animation-timing-function
,
animation-delay
,
animation-iteration-count
and
animation-direction
.
A list of CSS properties that can be animated is available; it's worth noting that these are the same properties supported by CSS transitions.
visual
animation: [ <animation-name> || <animation-duration> || <animation-timing-function> || <animation-delay> || <animation-iteration-count> || <animation-direction>] [, [<animation-name> || <animation-duration> || <animation-timing-function> || <animation-delay> || <animation-iteration-count> || <animation-direction>] ]*
See CSS animations for examples.
| Feature | Chrome | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari (WebKit) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | (Supported) -webkit | 5.0 (5.0) -moz | 10 -ms | -- | 4.0 -webkit |
| Feature | Android | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Phone | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | ? | 5.0 (5.0) -moz | ? | -- | iOS 2.0 -webkit |


Touch the numbers game!
You won! Good job!
Timer:
0.00
seconds
Next number is:
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VMCLEAR
— Clear Virtual-Machine Control Structure
| Opcode/Instruction |
Op/En |
Description |
| 66 0F C7 /6 VMCLEAR m64 |
M |
Copy VMCS data to VMCS region in memory. |
Instruction Operand Encoding
¶
| Op/En |
Operand 1 |
Operand 2 |
Operand 3 |
Operand 4 |
| M |
ModRM:r/m (r) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Description
¶
This instruction applies to the VMCS whose VMCS region resides at the physical address contained in the instruction operand. The instruction ensures that VMCS data for that VMCS (some of these data may be currently maintained on the processor) are copied to the VMCS region in memory. It also initializes parts of the VMCS region (for example, it sets the launch state of that VMCS to clear). See Chapter 24, “Virtual-Machine Control Structures”.
The operand of this instruction is always 64 bits and is always in memory. If the operand is the current-VMCS pointer, then that pointer is made invalid (set to FFFFFFFF_FFFFFFFFH).
Note that the VMCLEAR instruction might not explicitly write any VMCS data to memory; the data may be already resident in memory before the VMCLEAR is executed.
Operation
¶
IF (register operand) or (not in VMX operation) or (CR0.PE = 0) or (RFLAGS.VM = 1) or (IA32_EFER.LMA = 1 and CS.L = 0)
THEN #UD;
ELSIF in VMX non-root operation
THEN VM exit;
ELSIF CPL > 0
THEN #GP(0);
ELSE
addr ← contents of 64-bit in-memory operand;
IF addr is not 4KB-aligned OR
addr sets any bits beyond the physical-address width1
THEN VMfail(VMCLEAR with invalid physical address);
ELSIF addr = VMXON pointer
THEN VMfail(VMCLEAR with VMXON pointer);
ELSE
ensure that data for VMCS referenced by the operand is in memory;
initialize implementation-specific data in VMCS region;
launch state of VMCS referenced by the operand ← “clear”
IF operand addr = current-VMCS pointer
THEN current-VMCS pointer ← FFFFFFFF_FFFFFFFFH;
FI;
VMsucceed;
FI;
FI;
1. If IA32_VMX_BASIC[48] is read as 1, VMfail occurs if addr sets any bits in the range 63:32; see Appendix A.1.
Flags Affected
¶
See the operation section and Section 30.2.
Protected Mode Exceptions
¶
| #GP(0) |
If the current privilege level is not 0. |
| If the memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segment limit. |
| If the DS, ES, FS, or GS register contains an unusable segment. |
| If the operand is located in an execute-only code segment. |
| #PF(fault-code) |
If a page fault occurs in accessing the memory operand. |
| #SS(0) |
If the memory operand effective address is outside the SS segment limit. |
| If the SS register contains an unusable segment. |
| #UD |
If operand is a register. |
| If not in VMX operation. |
Real-Address Mode Exceptions
¶
| #UD |
The VMCLEAR instruction is not recognized in real-address mode. |
Virtual-8086 Mode Exceptions
¶
| #UD |
The VMCLEAR instruction is not recognized in virtual-8086 mode. |
Compatibility Mode Exceptions
¶
| #UD |
The VMCLEAR instruction is not recognized in compatibility mode. |
64-Bit Mode Exceptions
¶
| #GP(0) |
If the current privilege level is not 0. |
| If the source operand is in the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segments and the memory address is in a non-canonical form. |
| #PF(fault-code) |
If a page fault occurs in accessing the memory operand. |
| #SS(0) |
If the source operand is in the SS segment and the memory address is in a non-canonical form. |
| #UD |
If operand is a register. |
| If not in VMX operation. |


Symbol Index for "Classified Property Qualifier"
Symbol Index for diagram
"Classified Property Qualifier"
Basis For Hypothesis (Class)
Causal Relation (Class)
Classified Property Qualifier (Class)
classifier (Association)
Focus For Further Activity (Class)
Intention (Class)
Perception Of Property (Class)
Property Qualifier Type (Class)
PrQ/Association (Generalization Node)
Subject Property Qualifier (Class)


Sakuli comes with ready-to-use source to image (S2I) containers for RedHat OpenShift. Using this builder container, it is easily possible to create deployable Sakuli images shipped with a test suite straight from your code repository.
To setup the source to image builds on your OpenShift cluster, it is required to import the images from
taconsol/sakuli-s2i
.
oc import-image sakuli-s2i \
--from=docker.io/taconsol/sakuli-s2i \
--confirm \
--scheduled=true \
--all=true
Note: The
oc import-image
statement is configured to not only import all available Sakuli S2I images but also to check for updates automatically.
The following requirements have to be met to add custom certificates to a Sakuli S2I build:
SAKULI_TRUSTED_CERT_DIR
which holds the path to the directory where certificates for import are located inside the containeroc create secret generic custom-certs \
--from-file=my-first-cert.cer=/path/to/first/cert.cer \
--from-file=another-cert.crt=/path/to/another/cert.crt \
--from-file=last-cert.pem=/path/to/last/cert.pem
The above snippet will create a new secret called custom-certs
which holds three key-value pairs storing our certificates.
The next step to include custom certificates is to mount them in a test container.
spec:
containers:
- name: ...
image: ...
volumeMounts:
- name: custom-certs
mountPath: /etc/custom-certs
volumes:
- name: custom-certs
secret:
secretName: custom-certs
We are defining a volume custom-certs
which holds the content of our previously generated secrets.
By mounting this volume in our test container we’re able to provide the custom certificates to the container at runtime.
If one does not want to mount all certificates, certificates can be selected via subPath
:
spec:
containers:
- name: ...
image: ...
volumeMounts:
- name: custom-certs
subPath: first-cert.cer
mountPath: /etc/custom-certs/first-cert.cer
- name: custom-certs
subPath: another-cert.crt
mountPath: /etc/custom-certs/another-cert.crt
volumes:
- name: custom-certs
secret:
secretName: custom-certs
The final step to enable custom certificates is to provide the certificate location via environment variable:
spec:
containers:
- name: ...
image: ...
env:
- name: SAKULI_TRUSTED_CERT_DIR
value: /etc/custom-certs
volumeMounts:
- name: custom-certs
mountPath: /etc/custom-certs
volumes:
- name: custom-certs
secret:
secretName: custom-certs
By default, a Firefox test uses a new, blank profile for each test suite execution. In order to pick up the added certificates,
a Firefox profile containing the appropriate certificate database has to be specified via
selenium.firefox.profile=/path/to/profile/folder
in testsuite.properties
. In order to make this process easier, a
dedicated Firefox profile for use with certificates is located at /headless/firefox-certificates
to be used, instead
of the generated profiles in /headless/.mozilla/firefox/long_random_id.default
.
Attention: If this property is not set, added certificates will have no effect.
The following build-config template is ready to use to create Sakuli S2I builds for various repositories and test suites.
Just copy and save the S2I build template as sakuli-s2i-build-template.yml
. To process the template
some additional information is required that are not part of the template. First of all, you have to specify the
repository to pull the test case from as TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_URL
. To install such a basic setup on your OpenShift
cluster, just use the following command and replace the placeholder with actual values.
oc process -f sakuli-s2i-build-template.yml \
TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_URL=<TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_URL> | oc apply -f -
The provided template comes with a lot of optional parameter to customize your build process. The following table contains all available parameters. Additional parameters are specified in the same way as seen in the Creating an S2I build section.
| Parameter | Optional | Description | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_URL | NO | Git source URL containing the test suite. | |
| TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_REF | YES | Git branch/tag reference. | master |
| IMAGE | YES | Name for the target image to be build. | sakuli-s2i-testsuite |
| IMAGE_TAG | YES | Tag to push build images to. | latest |
| TESTSUITE_CONTEXT_DIR | YES | Source folder where the test suite is located. | |
| TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_SECRET | YES | Secret to access the testsuite repository. | |
| BUILDER_IMAGE | YES | Name of the builder image. | sakuli-s2i |
| BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG | YES | Tag of the builder image to use. | latest |
apiVersion: v1
kind: Template
labels:
template: sakuli-s2i-testsuite-image-build
metadata:
annotations:
description: Build config to create a ready to run Sakuli2 container with the specified testsuite
tags: consol, sakuli2, custom-image, s2i, source-to-image
name: sakuli-s2i-testsuite-image-build
parameters:
- description: Name for the target image of the build.
name: IMAGE
required: true
value: sakuli-s2i-testsuite
- description: Image tag of the target image.
name: IMAGE_TAG
required: true
value: latest
- description: Git source URL containing the test suite.
name: TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_URL
required: true
- description: Git branch/tag reference.
name: TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_REF
value: "master"
required: true
- description: Source folder where the test suite is located.
name: TESTSUITE_CONTEXT_DIR
- description: Secret to access the testsuite repository.
name: TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_SECRET
- description: Name of the builder image.
name: BUILDER_IMAGE
required: true
value: sakuli-s2i
- description: Tag of the builder image to use.
name: BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG
required: true
value: latest
objects:
- apiVersion: v1
kind: ImageStream
metadata:
labels:
application: ${IMAGE}
name: ${IMAGE}
- apiVersion: v1
kind: BuildConfig
metadata:
labels:
build: ${IMAGE}
name: ${IMAGE}
spec:
output:
to:
kind: ImageStreamTag
name: ${IMAGE}:${IMAGE_TAG}
source:
type: Git
git:
ref: ${TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_REF}
uri: ${TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_URL}
contextDir: ${TESTSUITE_CONTEXT_DIR}
sourceSecret:
name: ${TESTSUITE_REPOSITORY_SECRET}
strategy:
type: Source
sourceStrategy:
from:
kind: ImageStreamTag
name: ${BUILDER_IMAGE}:${BUILDER_IMAGE_TAG}
triggers:
- imageChange: {}
type: ImageChange
- type: ConfigChange
The result of an S2I build is a ready to run Sakuli container that can be deployed on OpenShift as a Pod, Job or CronJob.
Depending on the size of the websites to be tested, it might be required to provide more shared memory space to the
container. Indicators that a shared memory enlargement is required are container crashes, the erroneous loading of
websites or invalid session id
errors due to crashed browsers. In order to do so, two steps are required.
The following snippet shows the required configuration for a Pod deployment:
apiVersion: v1
id: sakuli-test
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: sakuli-test
labels:
name: sakuli-test
spec:
volumes:
- name: dshm
emptyDir:
medium: Memory
containers:
- image: mySakuliTest:latest
name: mySakuliTest
...
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /dev/shm
name: dshm
More information concerning shared memory on OpenShift can be found in the OKD Documentation.
In case RDP support is required, please use sakuli-s2i-remote-connection
as builder image. More information about RDP
support in containers can be found in remote-connection-container.
Affected OpenShift versions: 3.10, 3.11
So far, this error occurred on 3.10 and 3.11 clusters when trying to pull our s2i image from our private Dockerhub repo.

This will create an S2I container containing the ‘sakuli.properties’ file included in the cloned project. Since a Sakuli project is used
as the context, a package.json
on the project level is required with a test script that starts the desired test-suite,
e.g. sakuli run my-test-suite
.


This is an advanced word constructor, use it to construct specific words especially to win points in scrabble games. This app provides a comprehensive interface for you to make use of letter/word quantifiers (DL, DW, TL, TW).
Please select your option from menu bellow
{{ item.text }}


The Taxes Section of the Phoenix Pay stub details the income tax deductions, Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (CPP/QPP) contributions, and Employment Insurance (EI) premiums your employer must deduct from our pay.
| Description | Amount |
|---|---|
| CIT | 426.20 |
| CPP | 51.62 |
| EI | 43.30 |
| QIT | 120.00 |
| QPP | - |
| QPIP | - |
| - | - |
| Total: | 641.12 |
Continue below to find a detailed breakdown of the main sections of the pay stub.
A few words on mandatory taxes:
If you work in the Province of Quebec, you are also required to pay the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (PPIP), and Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) deductions will be withheld instead of CPP.
Federal (Canada) Income Tax. For all provinces besides Quebec, Federal and Provincial income tax is deducted as a single amount.
Canada Pension Plan (CPP) contributions will be deducted on your pay, except if you work in the province of Quebec.
Employment Insurance premiums will be deducted on your pay.
If you work in the Province of Quebec, Quebec Income Tax will be deducted on your pay.
If you work in the province of Quebec, you will contribute to the Quebec Pension Plan (QPP). As you either pay QPP or CPP, one or the other will be displayed in this section.
If you work in the province of Quebec, Quebec Parental Insurance will be deducted on your pay.
For more information on these deductions including contribution rates, we invite you to visit the Canada Revenue Agency’s page entitled “What is deducted from your pay?”.


This is an example implementation of a dedicated resource. It provides the SplitControl interface for power management of the resource and an EXAMPLE ResourceOperations interface for performing operations on it.


Hey, just a quick warning. If you can see this, then there's a lot of this site you can't see. Oh, and we also won't be able to save anything or notice when you ask to be invited to stuff.
Please come back with a different browser and with javascript turned on. Just about any modern browser other than IE 11 will do. Edge is fine, just not IE.


0xLTC
Mineable LTC like Ethereum Coin
How to MINE::
Contract::
Statisitcs::
Ethereum
Mainnet
Supply
84000000


Site settings
These settings have a global effect on the operation of LightBlueTent.
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block scripts %} {% endblock %} {% macro site_setting(id, name, desc, bb) -%}
{{desc}}
{{group.description | truncate(200) }}
{% endif %} {{group.owners | length}} owner(s) {%- endmacro %} {% block body %}These settings have a global effect on the operation of LightBlueTent.
With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.
Go somewhereThere are currently {{groups | length}} registered groups.
{% if groups %}


Add the class .badge-rounded to any .badge element to display it with rounded caps.
.badge-rounded
.badge
<!-- badge: Default --> <span class="badge badge-rounded"> Default </span>


White to play 41
pips White=149 Black=151
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
1. 13/9 11/10 eq: +0.459 68.38% (G:24.72% B:0.46%) 31.62% (G: 4.50% B:0.15%) 2. 13/8 eq: +0.442 (-0.018) 67.78% (G:24.29% B:0.47%) 32.22% (G: 4.52% B:0.15%) 3. 11/6 eq: +0.405 (-0.055) 66.31% (G:24.03% B:0.38%) 33.69% (G: 4.37% B:0.14%) 4. 11/7 8/7 eq: +0.396 (-0.063) 66.49% (G:22.75% B:0.42%) 33.51% (G: 4.40% B:0.13%) 5. 13/9 8/7 eq: +0.342 (-0.117) 64.62% (G:23.07% B:0.45%) 35.38% (G: 5.71% B:0.19%)


<button>
with aria-label
test
To determine if aria-label
should be applied to the <button>
or icon inside the <button>
.
Example 01: aria-label
and aria-hidden
applied to the icon
Code
<button>
Dummy
</button>
Example 02: aria-label
applied to the icon
Code
<button>
Dummy
</button>
Example 03: aria-label
applied to the <button>
Code
<button aria-label="Open calendar">
Dummy
</button>
Results
The first method fails as the aria-label
is not announced to assistive technologies. This is due to the icon also having aria-hidden
applied.


In tight situations, you may have an immediate need for cash to cover emergency expenses. Maybe your paycheck did not come through when expected, or an unplanned expense has left you high and dry. There are many ways to handle a problem of this type – asking for a loan from friends or relatives, selling used items, or applying for a cash advance online.
Approaching your friends and family for a short-term loan can be a humiliating process that most people wish to avoid. It usually involves an uncomfortable situation and a tense relationship until the loan has been repaid. To avoid having to go through this ordeal, it is better to consider other options when you have a need for cash right away.
Selling your used and unwanted items can lead to extra money. You can take books to a used bookstore, or sell items to a pawn shop for cash directly. This is not always the best option, however, as you may not want to part with your items or you may not even have anything available for easy sale.
The best solution for money quickly is to apply for a cash advance loan. Completing the process online can save you time, money, and effort.


[1]
Ipod Interface; Bluetooth connections
[2]
seems intuitive; doesn't say street names, as it says it does


#include <memory.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "IcmpPacket.h"
Include dependency graph for IcmpPacket.cpp:
Go to the source code of this file.
Definition in file IcmpPacket.cpp.


My Accomplishments These are the noteworthy things I've worked on. Apps Clay iOS Developer Building a new way to help you be more thoughtful with the people in your life. Bible iOS Developer On more than 245 million devices around the world, people are reading, listening to, watching, and sharing the Bible using the #1 rated Bible App—completely free. Over 1,000 Bible versions, in hundreds of languages. Pong: The Arcade Classic Developer & Designer Experience Pong at it's finest! Download this tribute to the old hit arcade game that revolutionized the gaming industry. Compete with the world over GameCenter for glory and fame! Prayer Map Developer Prayer Map is designed to connect individuals and organizations together in prayer across a community, city, state, and nation. Quakes - Earthquake Utility Developer & Designer Quakes is an elegant earthquake utility. A simple easy to use interface will help you stay updated with the latest earthquake activity. Doodler - Sticker Drawing Developer & Designer Doodler is a simple way to bring your imaginations to life. Quickly sketch out ideas, or spend the time to carefully create a masterpiece. Your drawings can be shared and saved to show the world. Whereabouts - Location Utility Developer & Designer Whereabouts is an easy way to keep track of the places you visit. Whereabouts can utilize your phone's GPS to provide a information based upon your surroundings. Wiggly Piggly Developer & Designer Ever heard of the saying "When pigs fly". Well now its up to you to see how far you can get. Avoid the massive slices of bacon by tapping your finger against your screen. Remember to have fun! Writing Making our production SwiftUI app 100x faster Article A tale of improving performance of the Clay iOS using Xcode's tooling and a bit of magic. AVAudioEngine Tutorial for iOS: Getting Started Tutorial Update Learn how to use AVAudioEngine to build the next greatest podcasting app! Implement audio features to pause, skip, speed up, slow down and change the pitch of audio in your app. Using Redacted Placeholders in SwiftUI Tutorial Author Learn how to apply redaction to views in SwiftUI. Routing With MapKit and Core Location Tutorial Update Learn how to use MapKit and CoreLocation to help users with address completion and route visualization using multiple addresses. UIGestureRecognizer Tutorial: Getting Started Tutorial Update In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to configure UIGestureRecognizer objects and how to create custom recognizers in code. HEIC Image Compression for iOS Tutorial Author In this HEIC image compression tutorial, you’ll learn how to transform images into HEIC and JPEG formats, comparing their efficiency for optimum performance. iOS File Provider Extension Tutorial Tutorial Author In this tutorial, you will learn about the File Provider framework and how to implement your own File Provider extension to expose your app’s own content. Game Center for iOS: Building a Turn-Based Game Tutorial Author In this tutorial, you’ll learn about authentication with Game Center and how its turn-based mechanics work. In the end, you’ll have the foundations of how to integrate a multiplayer game with GameCenter. Firebase Tutorial: Real-time Chat Tutorial Update It seems like every major app out there has a chat feature. This tutorial shows you how to build a chat app with Firebase and MessageKit! Basic iOS Security: Keychain and Hashing Tutorial Author One of the most important aspects of software development also happens to be considered one of the most mysterious and scary (and is thus avoided like the plague): application security. Auto Layout Tutorial in iOS 11: Getting Started Tutorial Update Have you ever been frustrated trying to make your apps look good in both portrait and landscape orientation? Is making screen layouts that support both the iPhone and iPad driving you to the brink of madness? 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Flux
This is a place to connect you to the VRML universe.
Currently, the links included are those that support the TVP
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I'm sure this is pretty standard, but I need to make a program that uses user input to perform a selected calculation. It has multiple files (this is the functions file, it also has a main file, which is definitely correct, and a header file). My errors are that I have multiple definitions of main, even though I only used the word main once (in the main file).
Also, it says in line 6 that I have no return in a function returning non-void. How do I fix these.
It's long so this is just a section, i've only cut out a few operations though. Am I missing anything?
You obviously did define main more than once or you would not be getting that error.
I am going to guess that you tried to write main() as a list of function calls and over complicating everything in the progress also.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
// What purpose do the arguments serve?
// Number and Percentage are never used.
void perEntNum (double Number, double Percentage){
double N = 0.0;
double P = 0.0;
cout << "Enter Number: ";
cin << N;
count << "\n\n Enter Percentage out of 100: ";
cin << P;
cout << "\n\n Resulting Amount: " <<N*P/100<<endl;
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
// What purpose does this function even have?
void iDiv (double Numerator, double Denominator){
double N = 0.0;
double D = 0.0;
cout << "Enter Number 1: ";
cin << N;
count << "\n\n Enter Number 2: ";
cin << P;
cout << "\n\n Resulting Amount: " <<int(Numerator/Denominator)<<endl;
}
// Could be simplified to
void iDiv (double Numerator, double Denominator){
cout << "\n\n Resulting Amount: " <<int(Numerator/Denominator)<<endl;
}
// since all it does is get unused input from the user
// or better yet just write the cout statement in place of the function call
// it would be easier to see that you equation is equal to 0 / 0 that way
With all the mismatches and unused variables in this part it is very likely that you do have more than one main function.
You're welcome OP :) some times you can't take compiler errors for face value.
Please post your Source File
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
void iDiv (double Numerator, double Denominator){
double N = 0.0;
double D = 0.0;
cout << "Enter Number 1: ";
cin << N;
count << "\n\n Enter Number 2: "; // Here should be cout you have count
cin << P;
cout << "\n\n Resulting Amount: " <<int(Numerator/Denominator)<<endl; // what are you doing here?
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
void perEntNum (double Number, double Percentage){
double N = 0.0;
double P = 0.0;
cout << "Enter Number: ";
cin << N;
count << "\n\n Enter Percentage out of 100: ";
cin << P;
cout << "\n\n Resulting Amount: " <<N*P/100<<endl;
}
Unfortunately I do not have the computer with the other files with me. I think though, that they just tell this to run. It doesn't do anything different. (The spelling errors are for the same reason, I am just typing out the code here rather than copying and pasting)
What I am trying to do there is complete a division between any two numbers and change the answer to an integer. Obviously that is not what is actually happening though
Ok i think i know what you mean. I gave you 2 examples on how you can structure a function. i hope you find this useful. If you have any questions please ask.
#include <iostream>
usingnamespace std;
void divFrac() // no need for functions parameters here nothing going into function
{
int N;
int D;
cout << "Enter first Num" << endl;
cin >> N ;
cout << "Enter second Num" << endl;
cin >> D;
cout << "Result: " << (int)(N/D) << endl;
}
void divFrac2(int N, int D) // Passing Parameters to function example
{
cout << "Result " << (int) (N/D) << endl;
}
int main()
{
// no parameters needed for this function
divFrac();
// Passing Parameters to function example
int firstnum;
int secondnum;
cout << "Enter first Num" << endl;
cin >> firstnum ;
cout << "Enter second Num" << endl;
cin >> secondnum;
divFrac2(firstnum,secondnum); // this function takes in 2 ints (int, int)
return 0;
}
The spelling errors are for the same reason, I am just typing out the code here rather than copying and pasting
That is like saying "my program looks something like this" compared to "this is my program". Spelling, punctuation, case, and many other things make a big difference! You are just wasting the time of the people that are are trying to help you if you do not post what your code really is.


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Amnesty International Accuses President Buhari Of Intimidating Nigerians
by Enioluwa AdeniyiPresident Muhammadu Buhari-led government has been accused by the Amnesty International of using the security agents and the judiciary to persecute Nigerians.
The human right group stated this while condemning the continued detention of the covener of RevolutionNow movement Omoyele Sowore by the Department of State Services.
Recall that the service had a few days back stated that the publisher of the Sahara Reporter may be knocked down by a vehicle if released to protesters demanding his freedom.
The Secret police had insisted that it would only release Sowore to his sureties.
Amnesty international which took to its Twitter account noted that the charges and trial of Sowore has exposed the ‘inadequacies and bizarre manipulation of the Nigerian criminal justice system’
The group charged the Nigeria president to respect the human rights of Nigerians and stop using the judiciary as a tool to abuse Nigerians with dissenting opinions.
“President Muhammadu Buhari must stop using the security agents and judiciary as a tool for persecuting people who voice dissenting opinions, challenge abuse and call for accountability.”
“The flawed charges and sham trials of Sowore, Jalingo and Bakare expose the inadequacies and bizarre manipulation of the Nigerian criminal justice system and an unacceptable contempt for the rule of law and human rights.”


The TMValidSession API call determines whether a session is still valid with the specified session handle 'session_handle'. It returns a 1 if the session is still valid, and 0 otherwise. The conditions where a session could become invalid are described in TMExtendedStartSession.
For a description of the above types, see the TMEX Type Descriptions.
Parameters
session_handle
Specifies session handle on an 1-Wire network. The session handle must be set as a result of a call to TMExtendedStartSession.
Return Value
0 => session_handle is no longer validSee Also
TMExtendedStartSession, TMEndSession