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Privacy
We at SmallSEOTools.com care about the privacy of the data being shared with us by our users that is why are dedicated to protecting our client's privacy. This Privacy Policy aims to provide our consumers with proper knowledge regarding what information we collect and why, as well as how we utilize that information. All the way through this policy, know that when we write "SmallSEOTools.com" or "we" or "us", it means that we speak of SmallSEOTools.com, Inc., a corporation, and our subsidiaries and other affiliates.
This Privacy Policy has been compiled to serve users who are concerned about how their 'Personally Identifiable Information (PII)' can be used online. As per US privacy law and information security, PII is information that may be used on its own or with other information to identify, locate, or contact an individual. We recommend you to read the policy carefully to get a clear understanding of how we collect, use, or handle your PII according to our Site, Software, App, and Services.
Table of Contents
- What is the scope of this SmallSEOTools.com Privacy Policy?
- What Information does SmallSEOTools.com collect about me?
- Data you provide us whenever you create an account
- What other Information we collect from you?
- What information is automatically collected?
- When does SmallSEOTools.com collect information?
- How does SmallSEOTools.com use my Information?
- Does SmallSEOTools.com analyze User Content?
- Right to use Data and Disclosure
- Does SmallSEOTools.com ever share my Information
- Does SmallSEOTools.com get profit for my Personal Data by selling them?
- Does SmallSEOTools.com use cookies?
- Cookies that we use
- How to delete, modify or disable cookies?
- How do plugins and third-party apps work?
- Will SmallSEOTools.com send me email notifications?
- Will ever make any of my Personal Data or User Content public?
- How does SmallSEOTools.com handle Do Not Track signals?
- COPPA (Children Online Privacy Protection Act)
- Does SmallSEOTools.com get information from children?
- Data transfer, storage, retention, and deletion
- Where is my Information stored when shared with SmallSEOTools.com? 23.How safe is my Information?
- How safe is my Information?
- How can I erase my Personal Data from SmallSEOTools.com?
- How long is my Personal Data stored in the SmallSEOTools.com system?
- What would happen if SmallSEOTools.com closes my account?
- California Online Privacy Protection Act
- Fair Information Practices
- For EEA users
- What are my rights as a user, and how can I use them?
- Will this Privacy Policy ever change?

This Privacy Policy is integrated into SmallSEOTools.com's Terms of Service and License Agreement which can be found at https://smallseotools.com/privacy/ (the "Terms of Service") and relates to the information acquired by us through your use of SmallSEOTools.com's Site, Software, App, and Services ("Information") as explained in this Policy. The use of capitalized terms in this Policy and not otherwise stated shall have the definition given for those terms in the "Terms of Service".
What Information does SmallSEOTools.com collect about me?
Whenever a client interacts with our Software, App, Site, and/or Services, we may collect a single Information or in combination with other data, could be used to identify you ("Personal Data"). There will also be some Information that we collect that is kept in a way that cannot be linked back to you ("Non-Personal Data").
Data you provide us whenever you create an account
When you register to use SmallSEOTools.com services, you willingly share with us certain Personal Data, including the following:
Your email address, username, contact, and language preferences. When logging into SmallSEOTools.com with a social networking credential, such as with your Google+ or Facebook account, we will ask for your consent to access basic information from that account, such as your email address and name. If you want to stop sharing that information with us, you may do so at any time by removing SmallSEOTools.com access to that account.
If you are a paying client, you should provide your payment information. This is needed to fully deliver any marketable transaction on the SmallSEOTools.com site. We use the data to process and fulfill your transaction. If you select PayPal® to pay for your order, you will have to provide your credit card number directly to PayPal®. The privacy policy of PayPal® will apply to the information you provide on the PayPal® website.
What other Information we collect from you?
SmallSEOTools.com collect this Information as you use the Site, Software, App, and/or Services:
User Content: This includes all text, documents, or other content or information uploaded, entered, or otherwise transferred by you as part of your use of our Services and/or Software.
What information is automatically collected?
There is certain information about the devices you use to connect with SmallSEOTools.com and your use of the Site, Software, App, and/or Services are automatically registered in our systems, including the following:
Your location: This is the geographic area or place where you use your devices such as your computer, cellphone or tablet (as specified by an Internet Protocol [IP] address or similar identifier) when interacting with our Site, Software, App, and/or Services.
Your log data or information: Same like other websites, our servers automatically gather data when you access or use our Site, Software, App, and/or Services and store it in log files. This log data may include your IP address, browser type and settings, browser configuration, the date and time of use, cookie data, and language preferences.
Your usage information: This is information about the SmallSEOTools.com Site, Software, App, and/or Services you use and how you use them. We may also attain data from our third-party affiliates and service providers to examine how consumers use our Site, Software, App, and/or Services. For example, we will have an idea on the number of users who are accessing a specific page on the site and at which links they normally clicked on. We will use this collected data to better understand and to help in optimizing the site.
Your device information: These are data gathered from your computer or mobile device which include the type of hardware and software you are using (such as your operating system and browser type), and also unique device identifiers for devices that are using the SmallSEOTools.com.
Cookies: Data gathered from cookies are explained in the "Does SmallSEOTools.com use cookies?" section and in our Cookie Policy.
When does SmallSEOTools.com collect information?
We collect information from you when you fill out a form, subscribe to a newsletter, place an order, use live chat, open a support ticket, and/or enter any information on our site.
How does SmallSEOTools.com use my Information?
We at SmallSEOTools.com process, use, and record your Information as necessary to be able to carry out our contract with you and for our legitimate business interests, including the following:
- to communicate and build a connection with you about your use of our Site, Software, and/or Services, our product and service announcements, software updates if any, and to be able to give feedback to your requests for assistance which includes providing you with account verification support in the event that you are having problems with accessing your account or to follow up with you after correspondence.
- to help us manage our Site, Software, App, and/or Services, validate users for security purposes, offer tailored user features and access, process and deliver transactions, conduct reviews and study, develop upcoming features, and improve the algorithms and performance of our Site, Software, App, and/or Services.
- to send you direct email notifications and special offers about SmallSEOTools.com services, from which you can unsubscribe at any time you desire. For more details about this, kindly go this section - "Will SmallSEOTools.com send me emails?" If you are someone that resides in the European Economic Area (EEA), we will only send you promotional materials if you permit us to do so from the time you create your account or any point thereafter.
- to determine cumulative statistics on the quantity of unique devices using our Site, Software, App, and/or Services, and to identify and prevent misuse and fraud.
- To process your transactions quickly
- to show User Content related with your account and to ensure that it is accessible to you when you use our Services.
Does SmallSEOTools.com analyze User Content?
We guarantee that SmallSEOTools.com employees do not monitor all User Content that are stored in or transmitted through our Site, Software, App, and/or Services, but it may be viewed if we found out that the Terms of Service have been violated and an authorization is required, if we find it necessary to do so answer your requests for user support, if we otherwise decide that there is a need to review it as defined in the Terms of Service, or to enhance our algorithms as stated in the User Content section of our Terms of Service. Lastly, your Information may be viewed where there is a need to protect the rights, property, or personal safety of SmallSEOTools.com and its users, or to conform with our legal obligations, such as responding to any legal processed like warrants and court orders.
Right to use Data and Disclosure
Does SmallSEOTools.com ever share my Information?
SmallSEOTools.com only disclose Personal Data to third parties when:
- We work with service providers who help us in fulfilling business operation's requirements, these include hosting, improving, and carrying our Services. We also use service providers for specific services and functions such as customer support services, email communication, and analytics. These service providers may only access, process, or record Personal Data in accordance to our instructions and to accomplish their duties to us.
- We have your permission to share your Personal Data.
- We believe it is important to investigate possible violations of the Terms of Service, to implement those Terms of Service, or where we believe it is necessary to probe or take action regarding unlawful activities, suspected fraud, or potential threats against property, persons, or the methods on which we operate our Site, Software, App, and/or Services.
- We ascertain that the preservation, access, or disclosure of your Personal Data is mandatory by law to safeguard the rights, property, or personal safety of SmallSEOTools.com and the users of our Site, Software, App, and/or Services, or to respond to lawful requests by any public authorities.
- We need to do so in relation with an acquisition, merger, reorganization, bankruptcy, public offering of securities, selling of some or all of our assets. In such cases some or all of your Personal Data may be transferred or shared with another entity, subject to this Privacy Policy.
- We may impart or disclose Non-Personal Data to third parties and publicly - for example, to affiliates under agreement with us, or as part of progress reports which we may provide to users.
Does SmallSEOTools.com get profit for my Personal Data by selling them?
No, SmallSEOTools.com does not sell or rent your Personal Data.
Does SmallSEOTools.com use cookies?
Cookies are used by web browsers to provide personalized content and remember login credential and account settings. SmallSEOTools.com uses cookies and similar technologies, including web beacons and tracking pixels. These are needed to collect usage and analytic data that helps us provide our Site, Software, App, and/or Services to you and also to aid in delivering ads for relevant SmallSEOTools.com products and services to you when you browse certain pages on the Site and then go to third-party sites. SmallSEOTools.com does not share your Personal Data with third parties for the purpose of allowing them to deliver their advertisements to you. For more information on cookies and how SmallSEOTools.com uses them, please see our Cookie Policy.
We use cookies to:- Help remember and process the items in the shopping cart.
- Understand and save preferences of users for future visits.
- Track & analyze our user's activity, so we can offer a better experience.
You can choose to turn off all cookies, or you can choose to have your computer warn you whenever a cookie is being sent. This can be done through your browser settings. Since every browser is different, go to your browser's Help Menu to learn how you can correctly modify cookies. If you choose to turn cookies off, some of the features may not function properly.
Third-party DisclosureWe do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your Personally Identifiable Information.
Third-party Links- We use third-party links in our Blog Posts to help improve the content for our readers.
- We use third-party links in our Privacy Policy page in order to guide our visitors how we handle PII and cookies.
Please be aware that we cannot guarantee the authenticity of any external links that you may visit. It is recommended that you always do your own research before visiting any third-party link.
GoogleWe use Google Adsense Advertising on our Site, App, and/or software. Google's Advertising Principles can sum up Google's advertising requirements. They are introduced to provide a better experience for users.
For further information visit: https://support.google.com/adwordspolicy/answer/1316548?hl=en
As a third-party vendor, Google makes use of cookies to serve ads on our Site, App, and/or Software. Google's use of the DART cookie enables it to serve ads to our users on the basis of their previous visits to our Site, Software, App, and Services and other sites. If you want to opt-out of the use of the DART cookie, you can do so by visiting the privacy policy of Google Ad and Content Network.
Cookies that we use
|
Origin |
Cookie |
Description |
Expiry |
Category |
|
CloudFlare |
__cfduid |
The '__cfduid' cookie is set by the CloudFlare service to identify trusted web traffic. It does not correspond to any user id in the web application, nor does the cookie store any personally identifiable information. https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/200170156-What-does-the-CloudFlare-cfduid-cookie-do- |
First Party Persistent |
Analytics & Marketing |
|
Google Analytics |
_gid |
Used to distinguish users. |
2 years |
Analytics & Marketing |
|
Google Analytics |
_ga |
Used to distinguish users |
First Party Persistent |
Analytics & Marketing |
|
SmallSeoTools |
bioep_shown |
Trach ad popup |
1 week |
Tracking |
|
SmallSeoTools |
bioep_shown_session |
Track ad popup shown |
1, 2 second |
Tracking |
|
SmallSeoTools |
sst |
Used to track user history, normally used for checking login |
1 day |
Tracking |
|
SmallSeoTools |
AWSELB |
This cookie name is associated with the Amazon Web Services Elastic Load Balancing functionality for routing client request on the server. The main purpose of this cookie is: Strictly Necessary |
1 day |
Tracking |
We, along with third-party vendors such as Google make use of first-party cookies (such as Google Analytics cookies) and third-party cookies (such as DoubleClick cookies) or various other third-party identifiers together in order to compile data about user interactions with ad impressions and other ad service functions as they relate to our Site, Software, App, and Services.
Opt-outUsing the Google Ad Settings page, you can set preferences for how Google advertises to you. Alternatively, you can opt out through the Network Advertising Initiative Opt Out page or through the Google Analytics Opt Out Browser add on.
For further information visit: www.allaboutcookies.org
How to delete, modify or disable cookies
You can delete cookies or disable their use by following your browser instructions:
- Firefox
- Microsoft Edge
- Internet Explorer 11
- Google Chrome
- Safari (iOS)
- Android (Chrome)
- the latest Safari for Mac
- Safari 8 (Yosemite)
- Safari 6/7 (Mavericks)
- Safari 5.1 (OS X Lion)
If you use a different browser, then follow the instructions from its provider.
How do plugins and third-party apps work?
Some third-party applications and services that partners with us may ask for consent to access your Information. Such applications will provide you with notice and request your permission in order to obtain access or information. It would be best to consider your selection of such applications and services, and your permissions, carefully.
Some third parties' plugins or embedded content our Site , App, and/or Software, such as Facebook "Like" buttons, may allow their administrators to know that you have visited the Site, and they may use this information with other data they have gathered about your visits to other websites or services on the internet that can identify you.
The data collected by third parties through these plugins and applications is subject to each parties' own policies. We strongly encourage you to read those policies carefully and understand how other entities use your data.
Will SmallSEOTools.com send me email notifications?
There will be times when we may send you information about special offers, software updates, and other product announcements. We also may want to send you with information about products and services from our business affiliates. But, you may disable such communications at any time by clicking the "unsubscribe" button that can be found within SmallSEOTools.com emails and also by changing your contact preferences. All SmallSEOTools.com account holders will still receive email notifications that are related to our Services, even if you opt to unsubscribe from these emails.
For users coming from EEA:
We will only deliver promotional communications to users located in the EEA with your prior consent. Kindly see the section "For EEA users" below for more details.
Will SmallSEOTools.com ever make any of my Personal Data or User Content public?
No, we do not share Personal Data or User Content with the exception of the limited circumstances as stated in the "Does SmallSEOTools.com share my Information?" section of the Policy.
How does SmallSEOTools.com handle Do Not Track signals?
We honor Do Not Track signals and do not track, use advertising, or plant cookies when DNT browser mechanism is in place.
SmallSEOTools.com also does not allow third-party behavioral tracking.
COPPA (Children Online Privacy Protection Act)
Does SmallSEOTools.com get information from children?
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act put parents in control. SmallSEOTools.com does not knowingly get personal information from children under the age of 13. In the event that it has come to our knowledge that we have acquired personal information from a child that is younger than 13 years of age, we will take necessary measures to take out that information from our systems. If you are under the age of 13, please do not provide any personal information through the Site, Service, App, and/or Software. We also encourage parents and their legal guardians to closely monitor their children's Internet usage. Another way to enforce this Policy is by informing their children to never provide any personal information through the Site, Service, App, and/or Software without their permission.
Data transfer, storage, retention, and deletion
Where is my Information stored when shared with SmallSEOTools.com?
All information shared to SmallSEOTools.com will be transferred to, processed, and stored in the United States. Whenever you use our Software on any of your device, User Content you save will be kept locally on that specific device and then synced with our servers. But, if you post or transfer any Information to or through our Site, App, Software, and/or Services, that means you are giving consent to such Information, including Personal Data and User Content, being hosted and accessed in the United States.
How safe is my Information?
SmallSEOTools.com is dedicated to protecting the security of your Information and takes necessary precautions to protect it. However, know that Internet data transmissions, whether it is wired or wireless, cannot be guaranteed to be 100% safe and as a result, we cannot ensure the security of Information you transmit to us, including Personal Data and User Content; therefore, you acknowledge that you do so at your own risk.
We at SmallSEOTools.com use industry-standard encryption to safeguard your data in transit. This is commonly referred to as secure socket layer ("SSL") technology or also known as transport layer security ("TLS").
By the time we receive your data, we keep it on our servers using a combination of physical, technical, and logical security measures. The security of the data stored locally in any of our Software installed on your device requires that you make use of the safety features of your device. It is highly recommended that you take the necessary steps to secure all devices that you use in connection with our Site, Software, App, and Services.
If SmallSEOTools.com learns of a security system breach, we may send you a notification to provide information on protective steps, through the email address that you have provided to us. We may also post a notice on the Site to inform our users.
How can I erase my Personal Data from SmallSEOTools.com?
You can delete your Personal Data from SmallSEOTools.com any time you like by simply emailing us at [email protected]mallseotools.com. Please note that, for security reasons, premium users will first be asked to cancel their subscriptions before they can cancel or delete their account with SmallSEOTools.com.
How long is my Personal Data stored in the SmallSEOTools.com system?
You can delete all your Personal Data from SmallSEOTools.com at any time by cancelling your account as described above. However, we may store some of your Personal Data for as long as necessary for our legitimate business interests, including fraud prevention and detection, and to meet our legal obligations including tax, auditing, and legal reporting.
What would happen if SmallSEOTools.com closes my account?
In the event that SmallSEOTools.com closes your account due to your violation of the Terms of Service, then you may contact us if you want to request deletion of your data. Our administrators will review such requests, pursuant to our legal obligations.
California Online Privacy Protection Act
CalOPPA is the first state law in the United States that requires commercial websites and online services to publish a privacy policy. The law's reach stretches well beyond California to require any individual or company in the US (and conceivably the world) that operates sites collecting PII from California consumers to post a conspicuous privacy policy on its website stating precisely the information that it collects and those individuals or companies with whom it is shared.
For further information, visit: https://consumercal.org/california-online-privacy-protection-act-caloppa/#sthash.0FdRbT51.dpuf
According to CalOPPA, we agree to the following:
- Users can visit the site anonymously.
- Once this privacy policy is created, we will add a link to it on our home page or at least, the first significant page after entering our website.
- Our Privacy Policy link includes the word 'Privacy' in it, and it can easily be found on the page specified above.
Fair Information Practices
The Fair Information Practices Principles is the backbone of the privacy law in the United States. It also plays a significant role in developing data protection laws across the globe. It is, therefore, essential to understand the Fair Information Practice Principles and how they should be implemented in compliance with the various privacy laws to protect personal information.
In agreement with the Fair Information Practices, following responsive actions will be taken, should a data breach instance occur:We will notify you via email:
- Within 7 business days
We will notify the users via in-site notification
- Within 7 business days
We also agree to the Individual Redress Principle according to which individuals have the right to legally pursue enforceable rights against those who collect and process data and fail to adhere to the law. As per this principle individuals not only have enforceable rights against data users but also that they have recourse to courts or legal agencies to investigate and/or prosecute by data processors.
For EEA users
SmallSEOTools.com uses, processes, and records Personal Data, including those listed in the "What Information does SmallSEOTools.com collect about me?" section, as necessary to carry out our obligations, and based on our legitimate business interests in order to provide high quality service to our clients. We need your permission to process Personal Data to send email notifications and to place cookies on your devices. In some cases, SmallSEOTools.com may process Personal Data in accordance to legal obligation or to protect your interests or those of another person.
What are my rights as a user, and how can I use them?
People located in the European Economic Area (EEA) have certain rights in when it comes to their personal information which includes the right to access, correct, or delete Personal Data that we process through your use of the Site, Software, App, and/or Services. If you're a user who is located in the EEA, you can:
Request a Personal Data report by submitting a support ticket.
This report will contain the Personal Data we have about you, delivered to you in a structured, commonly used, and portable format. You need to be signed into your SmallSEOTools.com account. Please note that SmallSEOTools.com may request for additional information from you for verification purposes before we disclose any information.
You can have your Personal Data changed or deleted.
You have the option to change your Personal Data like your name and email address, as well as language preference, just go to your account settings. If in case you registered for SmallSEOTools.com using Google or Facebook, or if you encountered any issues updating this information, please submit a support ticket or get in touch with us. You can delete your Personal Data from SmallSEOTools.com by cancelling your account with us.
You can change your personal information:
- By emailing us
- By calling us
- By logging in to your account
- By sending us a support ticket
Object to us processing your Personal Data.
You can make a request if you want us to stop using your Personal Data, including when we use your Personal Data or to send you email notifications. We only send business or promotional communications to users located in the EEA with your prior consent, and you may pull out your consent at any time by clicking the "unsubscribe" button that can be found within SmallSEOTools.com emails and also by changing your contact preferences. Please note that you will still continue to receive transactional messages about our Services, even if you unsubscribe from promotional emails.
Send complain to an authority.
If you are located in the EEA region and think that we haven't conformed to data protection laws, then you have a right to bring a complaint to your local supervisory authority. If you have other queries or do not have a SmallSEOTools.com account, you may contact us by submitting a support ticket.
Will this Privacy Policy ever change?
As SmallSEOTools.com continue to improve our services, we may need to update this Policy in accordance to changes in our Site, Software, App, and Services, our business, and laws relevant to us and you. We will, however, always keep our commitment to respect and protect your privacy. We will immediately notify you should there be any changes that may impact your rights under this Policy via email or post any other modifications to this Policy, along with their effective date, in the most easy-to-find area of the Site. We highly recommend that you check back here from time to time to stay informed of any changes. Please note that your continued use of SmallSEOTools.com after any revision means that you agree with the changes, and consent to be bound by, the new Policy. If you don't agree with any of the changes in this Policy and do not wish your information to be subject to it, then you will need to delete your account with SmallSEOTools.com.
You will be notified of any changes in Privacy Policy on our Privacy Policy page.
Contact Us
You may contact us with any questions relating to this Privacy Policy by submitting a help desk request at [email protected] or by postal mail at:
Content Arcade (UK), LTD.
1 County Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey, CR7 8HN, England


The lambda/closure.h
header defines the interface to the closure mechanism.
#include <chaos/preprocessor/lambda/closure.h>
The CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
macro forms a closure on an indirection macro.
CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
(macro, arity)
The macro that, when invoked, produces the macro on which a closure is to be formed. This argument must be a macro name that refers to a macro with a signature compatible with the following pseudo-signature:
macro()
The invocation of macro must expand to a macro name that refers to a macro capable of being invoked with arity arguments.
The arity of the macro on which a closure is to be formed.
Valid values range from 0
to CHAOS_PP_LIMIT_CLOSURE
.
This macro expands to a closure on macro that requires a minimum of arity arguments to be fully bound. When fully bound and dispatched, this closure expands to a deferred expression similar to the following pseudo-code:
macro()(arg[0], arg[1], ... arg[arity])
The closure produced by this macro performs an indirection.
This prevents the actual macro name to which the indirection refers from passing through itself in certain situations.
If this indirection is undesirable, CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
may be used instead.
#include<chaos/preprocessor/lambda/closure.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/recursion/expr.h>
#define A(a, b, c) { a, b, c } #define A_ID() A #define B(a, b) { a, b } #define B_ID() B #define X(cl) Y(cl(x)) #define Y(cl) Z(cl(y)) #define Z(cl)CHAOS_PP_EXPR
(CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
(cl(z))) X(CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
(A_ID, 3)) // { x, y, z } X(CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
(B_ID, 2)) // { x, y }
The CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE_ID
macro indirectly expands to CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
.
CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE_ID
()
This macro exists only for uniformity with other macros that require indirect invocation.
The CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE_
macro expands to a λ expression representing CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
.
CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE_
This macro is a shorthand form of the following λ binding:
The CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
macro forms a closure on a macro.
CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
(macro, arity)
The macro on which a closure is to be formed. This macro must be capable of being invoked with arity arguments.
The arity of the macro on which a closure is to be formed.
Valid values range from 0
to CHAOS_PP_LIMIT_CLOSURE
.
This macro behaves identically to CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
except that it does not perform an indirection.
This is illustrated by the following pseudo-code:
macro(arg[0], arg[1], ... arg[arity])
#include<chaos/preprocessor/lambda/closure.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/recursion/expr.h>
#define MACRO(a, b) int[a][b] #define X(cl) Y(cl(x)) #define Y(cl)CHAOS_PP_EXPR
(CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
(cl(y))) X(CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
(MACRO, 2)) // int[x][y]
The CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE_ID
macro indirectly expands to CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
.
CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE_ID
()
This macro effectively allows CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
to pass through itself without becoming disabled.
The CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE_
macro expands to a λ expression representing CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
.
CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE_
This macro is a shorthand form of the following λ binding:
The CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND
macro determines if a closure has enough arguments bound to be dispatched.
CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND
(cl)
The closure to be tested.
If cl is fully bound, this macro expands to 1
.
Otherwise, it expands to 0
.
#include<chaos/preprocessor/control/iif.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/lambda/closure.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/recursion/expr.h>
#define A(a) { a } #define B(a, b) { a + b } #define X(cl)CHAOS_PP_EXPR
(Y(cl(1))) #define Y(cl) \CHAOS_PP_IIF
(CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND
(cl))( \CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
(cl), \ Z(cl(2)) \ ) \ /**/ #define Z(cl)CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
(cl) X(CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
(A, 1)) // { 1 } X(CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
(B, 2)) // { 1 + 2 }
The CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND_ID
macro indirectly expands to CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND
.
CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND_ID
()
This macro exists only for uniformity with other macros that require indirect invocation.
The CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND_
macro expands to a λ expression representing CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND
.
CHAOS_PP_IS_BOUND_
This macro is a shorthand form of the following λ binding:
The CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
macro dispatches a fully bound closure.
CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
(cl)
The fully bound closure to be dispatched.
This macro produces a deferred expression that dispatches cl.
This deferred expression takes one of the following two forms depending on whether CHAOS_PP_CLOSURE
or CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
was used to form the closure:
macro()(arg[0], arg[1], ... arg[2]) macro(arg[0], arg[1], ... arg[2])
#include<chaos/preprocessor/lambda/closure.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/recursion/expr.h>
#define MACRO(a, b) #a #b #define I \CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
( \CHAOS_PP_DIRECT_CLOSURE
(MACRO, 2)(x)(y) \ ) \ /**/ I // MACRO(x, y)CHAOS_PP_EXPR
(I) // "x" "y"
The CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH_ID
macro indirectly expands to CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
.
CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH_ID
()
This macro effectively allows CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
to pass through itself without becoming disabled.
The CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH_
macro expands to a λ expression representing CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH
.
CHAOS_PP_DISPATCH_
This macro is a shorthand form of the following λ binding:


${includes/head.html}
Projects
File Explorer
Biostack
Task Manager
BioCAD Version: <IP_ADDRESS>356 [ Change Log ] Github commit: [ cb9a891 ]
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supervisorctl
Supervisor is a client/server system that allows its users to control a number of processes on UNIX-like operating systems.
Supervisorctl is the command-line client piece of the supervisor which provides a shell-like interface.
More information: home page
- Start/stop/restart a process:
supervisorctl start|stop|restart process_name
- Start/stop/restart all processes in a group:
supervisorctl start|stop|restart group_name:*
- Show last 100 **bytes** of process `stderr`:
supervisorctl tail -100 process_name stderr
- Keep displaying `stdout` of a process:
supervisorctl tail -f process_name stdout
- Reload process config file to add/remove processes as necessary:
supervisorctl update


001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.apache.commons.configuration2.tree; 018 019import java.util.LinkedList; 020import java.util.List; 021 022/** 023 *
 024 * A specialized implementation of the {@code NodeCombiner} interface that constructs a union from two passed in node 025 * hierarchies. 026 *
 027 *
 028 * The given source hierarchies are traversed, and their nodes are added to the resulting structure. Under some 029 * circumstances two nodes can be combined rather than adding both. This is the case if both nodes are single children 030 * (no lists) of their parents and do not have values. The corresponding check is implemented in the 031 * {@code findCombineNode()} method. 032 *
 033 *
 034 * Sometimes it is not possible for this combiner to detect whether two nodes can be combined or not. Consider the 035 * following two node hierarchies: 036 *
 037 * 038 *
 039 * Hierarchy 1: 040 * 041 * Database 042 * +--Tables 043 * +--Table 044 * +--name [users] 045 * +--fields 046 * +--field 047 * | +--name [uid] 048 * +--field 049 * | +--name [usrname] 050 * ... 051 *
 052 * 053 *
 054 * Hierarchy 2: 055 * 056 * Database 057 * +--Tables 058 * +--Table 059 * +--name [documents] 060 * +--fields 061 * +--field 062 * | +--name [docid] 063 * +--field 064 * | +--name [docname] 065 * ... 066 *
 067 * 068 *
 069 * Both hierarchies contain data about database tables. Each describes a single table. If these hierarchies are to be 070 * combined, the result should probably look like the following: 071 *
 072 * 073 *
 074 * Database 075 * +--Tables 076 * +--Table 077 * | +--name [users] 078 * | +--fields 079 * | +--field 080 * | | +--name [uid] 081 * | ... 082 * +--Table 083 * +--name [documents] 084 * +--fields 085 * +--field 086 * | +--name [docid] 087 * ... 088 *
 089 * 090 *
 091 * i.e. the {@code Tables} nodes should be combined, while the {@code Table} nodes should both be added to the resulting 092 * tree. From the combiner's point of view there is no difference between the {@code Tables} and the {@code Table} nodes 093 * in the source trees, so the developer has to help out and give a hint that the {@code Table} nodes belong to a list 094 * structure. This can be done using the {@code addListNode()} method; this method expects the name of a node, which 095 * should be treated as a list node. So if {@code addListNode("Table");} was called, the combiner knows that it must not 096 * combine the {@code Table} nodes, but add it both to the resulting tree. 097 *
 098 *
 099 * Another limitation is the handling of attributes: Attributes can only have a single value. So if two nodes are to be 100 * combined which both have an attribute with the same name, it is not possible to construct a proper union attribute. 101 * In this case, the attribute value from the first node is used. 102 *
 103 * 104 * @since 1.3 105 */ 106public class UnionCombiner extends NodeCombiner { 107 /** 108 * Combines the given nodes to a new union node. 109 * 110 * @param node1 the first source node 111 * @param node2 the second source node 112 * @return the union node 113 */ 114 @Override 115 public ImmutableNode combine(final ImmutableNode node1, final ImmutableNode node2) { 116 final ImmutableNode.Builder result = new ImmutableNode.Builder(); 117 result.name(node1.getNodeName()); 118 119 // attributes of the first node take precedence 120 result.addAttributes(node2.getAttributes()); 121 result.addAttributes(node1.getAttributes()); 122 123 // Check if nodes can be combined 124 final List<ImmutableNode> children2 = new LinkedList<>(node2.getChildren()); 125 for (final ImmutableNode child1 : node1) { 126 final ImmutableNode child2 = findCombineNode(node1, node2, child1); 127 if (child2 != null) { 128 result.addChild(combine(child1, child2)); 129 children2.remove(child2); 130 } else { 131 result.addChild(child1); 132 } 133 } 134 135 // Add remaining children of node 2 136 for (final ImmutableNode c : children2) { 137 result.addChild(c); 138 } 139 140 return result.create(); 141 } 142 143 /** 144 *
 145 * Tries to find a child node of the second source node, with which a child of the first source node can be combined. 146 * During combining of the source nodes an iteration over the first source node's children is performed. For each child 147 * node it is checked whether a corresponding child node in the second source node exists. If this is the case, these 148 * corresponding child nodes are recursively combined and the result is added to the combined node. This method 149 * implements the checks whether such a recursive combination is possible. The actual implementation tests the following 150 * conditions: 151 *
 152 *
 153 *
In both the first and the second source node there is only one child node with the given name (no list 154 * structures).
 155 *
The given name is not in the list of known list nodes, i.e. it was not passed to the {@code addListNode()} 156 * method.
 157 *
None of these matching child nodes has a value.
 158 *
 159 *
 160 * If all of these tests are successful, the matching child node of the second source node is returned. Otherwise the 161 * result is null. 162 *
 163 * 164 * @param node1 the first source node 165 * @param node2 the second source node 166 * @param child the child node of the first source node to be checked 167 * @return the matching child node of the second source node or null if there is none 168 */ 169 protected ImmutableNode findCombineNode(final ImmutableNode node1, final ImmutableNode node2, final ImmutableNode child) { 170 if (child.getValue() == null && !isListNode(child) && HANDLER.getChildrenCount(node1, child.getNodeName()) == 1 171 && HANDLER.getChildrenCount(node2, child.getNodeName()) == 1) { 172 final ImmutableNode child2 = HANDLER.getChildren(node2, child.getNodeName()).get(0); 173 if (child2.getValue() == null) { 174 return child2; 175 } 176 } 177 return null; 178 } 179}


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To merge cells, you have to do it programmatically by adding it to: context menu
Here are some buttons for quick programmatic examples:
Back to main example


Most machines at computer labs at UiO are quad-cores
mpd --ncpus=4 &
# run code with
mpiexec -n 4 ./nameofprog
Here we declare that we will use 4 processes via the -ncpus option and via \( -n 4 \) when running.
Of course:
MPI is a library, not a language. It specifies the names, calling sequences and results of functions or subroutines to be called from C/C++ or Fortran programs, and the classes and methods that make up the MPI C++ library. The programs that users write in Fortran, C or C++ are compiled with ordinary compilers and linked with the MPI library.
MPI programs should be able to run on all possible machines and run all MPI implementetations without change.
An MPI computation is a collection of processes communicating with messages.
Task parallelism: the work of a global problem can be divided into a number of independent tasks, which rarely need to synchronize. Monte Carlo simulations or numerical integration are examples of this.
MPI is a message-passing library where all the routines have corresponding C/C++-binding
MPI_Command_name
and Fortran-binding (routine names are in uppercase, but can also be in lower case)
MPI_COMMAND_NAME
MPI is a library specification for the message passing interface, proposed as a standard.
Insert communication and synchronization functions where necessary.
Although message-passing programming supports MIMD, it suffices with an SPMD (single-program-multiple-data) model, which is flexible enough for practical cases:
MPI is a message-passing library where all the routines have corresponding C/C++-binding
MPI_Command_name
and Fortran-binding (routine names are in uppercase, but can also be in lower case)
MPI_COMMAND_NAME
The discussion in these slides focuses on the C++ binding.
Let every process write "Hello world" (oh not this program again!!) on the standard output.
using namespace std;
#include <mpi.h>
#include <iostream>
int main (int nargs, char* args[])
{
int numprocs, my_rank;
// MPI initializations
MPI_Init (&nargs, &args);
MPI_Comm_size (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numprocs);
MPI_Comm_rank (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &my_rank);
cout << "Hello world, I have rank " << my_rank << " out of "
<< numprocs << endl;
// End MPI
MPI_Finalize ();
PROGRAM hello
INCLUDE "mpif.h"
INTEGER:: size, my_rank, ierr
CALL MPI_INIT(ierr)
CALL MPI_COMM_SIZE(MPI_COMM_WORLD, size, ierr)
CALL MPI_COMM_RANK(MPI_COMM_WORLD, my_rank, ierr)
WRITE(*,*)"Hello world, I've rank ",my_rank," out of ",size
CALL MPI_FINALIZE(ierr)
END PROGRAM hello
int main (int nargs, char* args[])
{
int numprocs, my_rank, i;
MPI_Init (&nargs, &args);
MPI_Comm_size (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numprocs);
MPI_Comm_rank (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &my_rank);
for (i = 0; i < numprocs; i++) {}
MPI_Barrier (MPI_COMM_WORLD);
if (i == my_rank) {
cout << "Hello world, I have rank " << my_rank <<
" out of " << numprocs << endl;}
MPI_Finalize ();
.....
int numprocs, my_rank, flag;
MPI_Status status;
MPI_Init (&nargs, &args);
MPI_Comm_size (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numprocs);
MPI_Comm_rank (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &my_rank);
if (my_rank > 0)
MPI_Recv (&flag, 1, MPI_INT, my_rank-1, 100,
MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
cout << "Hello world, I have rank " << my_rank << " out of "
<< numprocs << endl;
if (my_rank < numprocs-1)
MPI_Send (&my_rank, 1, MPI_INT, my_rank+1,
100, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
MPI_Finalize ();
The basic sending of messages is given by the function \( MPI\_SEND \), which in C/C++ is defined as
int MPI_Send(void *buf, int count,
MPI_Datatype datatype,
int dest, int tag, MPI_Comm comm)}
This single command allows the passing of any kind of variable, even a large array, to any group of tasks. The variable buf is the variable we wish to send while count is the number of variables we are passing. If we are passing only a single value, this should be 1.
If we transfer an array, it is the overall size of the array. For example, if we want to send a 10 by 10 array, count would be \( 10\times 10=100 \) since we are actually passing 100 values.
Once you have sent a message, you must receive it on another task. The function \( MPI\_RECV \) is similar to the send call.
int MPI_Recv( void *buf, int count, MPI_Datatype datatype,
int source,
int tag, MPI_Comm comm, MPI_Status *status )
The arguments that are different from those in MPI\_SEND are buf which is the name of the variable where you will be storing the received data, source which replaces the destination in the send command. This is the return ID of the sender.
Finally, we have used \( MPI\_Status\_status \), where one can check if the receive was completed.
The output of this code is the same as the previous example, but now process 0 sends a message to process 1, which forwards it further to process 2, and so forth.
// Trapezoidal rule and numerical integration usign MPI
using namespace std;
#include <mpi.h>
#include <iostream>
// Here we define various functions called by the main program
double int_function(double );
double trapezoidal_rule(double , double , int , double (*)(double));
// Main function begins here
int main (int nargs, char* args[])
{
int n, local_n, numprocs, my_rank;
double a, b, h, local_a, local_b, total_sum, local_sum;
double time_start, time_end, total_time;
// MPI initializations
MPI_Init (&nargs, &args);
MPI_Comm_size (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numprocs);
MPI_Comm_rank (MPI_COMM_WORLD, &my_rank);
time_start = MPI_Wtime();
// Fixed values for a, b and n
a = 0.0 ; b = 1.0; n = 1000;
h = (b-a)/n; // h is the same for all processes
local_n = n/numprocs;
// make sure n > numprocs, else integer division gives zero
// Length of each process' interval of
// integration = local_n*h.
local_a = a + my_rank*local_n*h;
local_b = local_a + local_n*h;
total_sum = 0.0;
local_sum = trapezoidal_rule(local_a, local_b, local_n,
&int_function);
MPI_Reduce(&local_sum, &total_sum, 1, MPI_DOUBLE,
MPI_SUM, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
time_end = MPI_Wtime();
total_time = time_end-time_start;
if ( my_rank == 0) {
cout << "Trapezoidal rule = " << total_sum << endl;
cout << "Time = " << total_time
<< " on number of processors: " << numprocs << endl;
}
// End MPI
MPI_Finalize ();
return 0;
} // end of main program
Here we have used
MPI_reduce( void *senddata, void* resultdata, int count,
MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op, int root, MPI_Comm comm)
The two variables \( senddata \) and \( resultdata \) are obvious, besides the fact that one sends the address of the variable or the first element of an array. If they are arrays they need to have the same size. The variable \( count \) represents the total dimensionality, 1 in case of just one variable, while \( MPI\_Datatype \) defines the type of variable which is sent and received.
The new feature is \( MPI\_Op \). It defines the type of operation we want to do.
In our case, since we are summing the rectangle contributions from every process we define \( MPI\_Op = MPI\_SUM \). If we have an array or matrix we can search for the largest og smallest element by sending either \( MPI\_MAX \) or \( MPI\_MIN \). If we want the location as well (which array element) we simply transfer \( MPI\_MAXLOC \) or \( MPI\_MINOC \). If we want the product we write \( MPI\_PROD \).
\( MPI\_Allreduce \) is defined as
MPI_Allreduce( void *senddata, void* resultdata, int count,
MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op, MPI_Comm comm)
We use \( MPI\_reduce \) to collect data from each process. Note also the use of the function \( MPI\_Wtime \).
// this function defines the function to integrate
double int_function(double x)
{
double value = 4./(1.+x*x);
return value;
} // end of function to evaluate
// this function defines the trapezoidal rule
double trapezoidal_rule(double a, double b, int n,
double (*func)(double))
{
double trapez_sum;
double fa, fb, x, step;
int j;
step=(b-a)/((double) n);
fa=(*func)(a)/2. ;
fb=(*func)(b)/2. ;
trapez_sum=0.;
for (j=1; j <= n-1; j++){
x=j*step+a;
trapez_sum+=(*func)(x);
}
trapez_sum=(trapez_sum+fb+fa)*step;
return trapez_sum;
} // end trapezoidal_rule
Till now we have not paid much attention to speed and possible optimization possibilities inherent in the various compilers. We have compiled and linked as
mpic++ -c mycode.cpp
mpic++ -o mycode.exe mycode.o
For Fortran replace with mpif90. This is what we call a flat compiler option and should be used when we develop the code. It produces normally a very large and slow code when translated to machine instructions. We use this option for debugging and for establishing the correct program output because every operation is done precisely as the user specified it.
It is instructive to look up the compiler manual for further instructions
man mpic++ > out_to_file
We have additional compiler options for optimization. These may include procedure inlining where performance may be improved, moving constants inside loops outside the loop, identify potential parallelism, include automatic vectorization or replace a division with a reciprocal and a multiplication if this speeds up the code.
mpic++ -O3 -c mycode.cpp
mpic++ -O3 -o mycode.exe mycode.o
This is the recommended option. But you must check that you get the same results as previously.
It is also useful to profile your program under the development stage. You would then compile with
mpic++ -pg -O3 -c mycode.cpp
mpic++ -pg -O3 -o mycode.exe mycode.o
After you have run the code you can obtain the profiling information via
gprof mycode.exe > out_to_profile
When you have profiled properly your code, you must take out this option as it increases your CPU expenditure. For memory tests use "valgrind":"http:www.valgrind.org". An excellent GUI is also Qt, with debugging facilities.
Other hints
for i = 1:n
a(i) = b(i) +c*d
e = g(k)
end
Better code
temp = c*d
for i = 1:n
a(i) = b(i) + temp
end
e = g(k)
#include <omp.h>
#pragma omp...
#include <omp.h>
main ()
{
int var1, var2, var3;
/* serial code */
/* ... */
/* start of a parallel region */
#pragma omp parallel private(var1, var2) shared(var3)
{
/* ... */
}
/* more serial code */
/* ... */
/* another parallel region */
#pragma omp parallel
{
/* ... */
}
}
#pragma omp parallel { ... }
#include <omp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int th_id, nthreads;
#pragma omp parallel private(th_id) shared(nthreads)
{
th_id = omp_get_thread_num();
printf("Hello World from thread %d\n", th_id);
#pragma omp barrier
if ( th_id == 0 ) {
nthreads = omp_get_num_threads();
printf("There are %d threads\n",nthreads);
}
}
return 0;
}
#pragma omp for
#include <omp.h>
#define CHUNKSIZE 100
#define N
1000
main ()
{
int i, chunk;
float a[N], b[N], c[N];
for (i=0; i < N; i++)
a[i] = b[i] = i * 1.0;
chunk = CHUNKSIZE;
#pragma omp parallel shared(a,b,c,chunk) private(i)
{
#pragma omp for schedule(dynamic,chunk)
for (i=0; i < N; i++)
c[i] = a[i] + b[i];
} /* end of parallel region */
}
// #pragma omp parallel and #pragma omp for
can be combined into
#pragma omp parallel for
$$ \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} a_ib_i $$
int i;
double sum = 0.;
/* allocating and initializing arrays */
/* ... */
#pragma omp parallel for default(shared) private(i)
reduction(+:sum)
for (i=0; i<N; i++)
sum += a[i]*b[i];
}
Different threads do different tasks independently, each section is executed by one thread.
#pragma omp parallel
{
#pragma omp sections
{
#pragma omp section
funcA ();
#pragma omp section
funcB ();
#pragma omp section
funcC ();
}
}
#pragma omp single { ... }
The code is executed by one thread only, no guarantee which thread
Can introduce an implicit barrier at the end
#pragma omp master { ... }
Code executed by the master thread, guaranteed and no implicit barrier at the end.
#pragma omp barrier
Synchronization, must be encountered by all threads in a team (or none)
#pragma omp ordered { a block of codes }
is another form of synchronization (in sequential order). The form
#pragma omp critical { a block of codes }
and
#pragma omp atomic { single assignment statement }
is more efficient than
#pragma omp critical
for (i=0; i<100; i++)
for (j=0; j<100; j++)
a[i][j] = b[i][j] + c[i][j]
#pragma omp parallel for private(j)
for (i=0; i<100; i++)
for (j=0; j<100; j++)
a[i][j] = b[i][j] + c[i][j]
When a thread in a parallel region encounters another parallel construct, it may create a new team of threads and become the master of the new team.
#pragma omp parallel num_threads(4)
{
/* .... */
#pragma omp parallel num_threads(2)
{
//
}
}
#pragma omp task
#pragma omp parallel shared(p_vec) private(i)
{
#pragma omp single
{
for (i=0; i<N; i++) {
double r = random_number();
if (p_vec[i] > r) {
#pragma omp task
do_work (p_vec[i]);
Race condition
int nthreads;
#pragma omp parallel shared(nthreads)
{
nthreads = omp_get_num_threads();
}
Deadlock
#pragma omp parallel
{
...
#pragma omp critical
{
...
#pragma omp barrier
}
}
# include <cstdlib>
# include <iostream>
# include <cmath>
# include <ctime>
# include <omp.h>
using namespace std;
// Main function
int main ( )
{
// brute force coding of arrays
double a[500][500];
double angle;
double b[500][500];
double c[500][500];
int i;
int j;
int k;
int n = 500;
double pi = acos(-1.0);
double s;
int thread_num;
double wtime;
cout << "\n";
cout << " C++/OpenMP version\n";
cout << " Compute matrix product C = A * B.\n";
thread_num = omp_get_max_threads ( );
//
// Loop 1: Evaluate A.
//
s = 1.0 / sqrt ( ( double ) ( n ) );
wtime = omp_get_wtime ( );
# pragma omp parallel shared ( a, b, c, n, pi, s )
private ( angle, i, j, k )
{
# pragma omp for
for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
{
for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
{
angle = 2.0 * pi * i * j / ( double ) n;
a[i][j] = s * ( sin ( angle ) + cos ( angle ) );
}
}
//
// Loop 2: Copy A into B.
//
# pragma omp for
for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
{
for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
{
b[i][j] = a[i][j];
}
}
// Loop 3: Compute C = A * B.
//
# pragma omp for
for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
{
for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
{
c[i][j] = 0.0;
for ( k = 0; k < n; k++ )
{
c[i][j] = c[i][j] + a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
}
}
}
wtime = omp_get_wtime ( ) - wtime;
cout << " Elapsed seconds = " << wtime << "\n";
cout << " C(100,100) = " << c[99][99] << "\n";
//
// Terminate.
//
cout << "\n";
cout << " Normal end of execution.\n";
return 0;


Portability Framework
Overview
Interoperability between SDKs and runners is a key aspect of Apache Beam. So far, however, the reality is that most runners support the Java SDK only, because each SDK-runner combination requires non-trivial work on both sides. All runners are also currently written in Java, which makes support of non-Java SDKs far more expensive. The portability framework aims to rectify this situation and provide full interoperability across the Beam ecosystem.
The portability framework introduces well-defined, language-neutral data structures and protocols between the SDK and runner. This interop layer – called the portability API – ensures that SDKs and runners can work with each other uniformly, reducing the interoperability burden for both SDKs and runners to a constant effort. It notably ensures that new SDKs automatically work with existing runners and vice versa. The framework introduces a new runner, the Universal Local Runner (ULR), as a practical reference implementation that complements the direct runners. Finally, it enables cross-language pipelines (sharing I/O or transformations across SDKs) and user-customized execution environments (“custom containers”).
The portability API consists of a set of smaller contracts that isolate SDKs and runners for job submission, management and execution. These contracts use protobufs and gRPC for broad language support.
-
Job submission and management: The Runner API defines a language-neutral pipeline representation with transformations specifying the execution environment as a docker container image. The latter both allows the execution side to set up the right environment as well as opens the door for custom containers and cross-environment pipelines. The Job API allows pipeline execution and configuration to be managed uniformly.
-
Job execution: The SDK harness is a SDK-provided program responsible for executing user code and is run separately from the runner. The Fn API defines an execution-time binary contract between the SDK harness and the runner that describes how execution tasks are managed and how data is transferred. In addition, the runner needs to handle progress and monitoring in an efficient and language-neutral way. SDK harness initialization relies on the Provision and Artifact APIs for obtaining staged files, pipeline options and environment information. Docker provides isolation between the runner and SDK/user environments to the benefit of both as defined by the container contract. The containerization of the SDK gives it (and the user, unless the SDK is closed) full control over its own environment without risk of dependency conflicts. The runner has significant freedom regarding how it manages the SDK harness containers.
The goal is that all (non-direct) runners and SDKs eventually support the portability API, perhaps exclusively.
Design
The model protos contain all aspects of the portability API and is the truth on the ground. The proto definitions supercede any design documents. The main design documents are the following:
-
Runner API. Pipeline representation and discussion on primitive/composite transforms and optimizations.
-
Job API. Job submission and management protocol.
-
Fn API. Execution-side control and data protocols and overview.
-
Container contract. Execution-side docker container invocation and provisioning protocols. See CONTAINERS.md for how to build container images.
In discussion:
- Cross language. Options and tradeoffs for how to handle various kinds of multi-language/multi-SDK pipelines.
Development
The portability framework is a substantial effort that touches every Beam component. In addition to the sheer magnitude, a major challenge is engineering an interop layer that does not significantly compromise performance due to the additional serialization overhead of a language-neutral protocol.
Roadmap
The proposed project phases are roughly as follows and are not strictly sequential, as various components will likely move at different speeds. Additionally, there have been (and continues to be) supporting refactorings that are not always tracked as part of the portability effort. Work already done is not tracked here either.
-
P1 [MVP]: Implement the fundamental plumbing for portable SDKs and runners for batch and streaming, including containers and the ULR [BEAM-2899]. Each SDK and runner should use the portability framework at least to the extent that wordcount [BEAM-2896] and windowed wordcount [BEAM-2941] run portably.
-
P2 [Feature complete]: Design and implement portability support for remaining execution-side features, so that any pipeline from any SDK can run portably on any runner. These features include side inputs [BEAM-2863], User state [BEAM-2862], User timers [BEAM-2925], Splittable DoFn [BEAM-2896] and more. Each SDK and runner should use the portability framework at least to the extent that the mobile gaming examples [BEAM-2940] run portably.
-
P3 [Performance]: Measure and tune performance of portable pipelines using benchmarks such as Nexmark. Features such as progress reporting [BEAM-2940], combiner lifting [BEAM-2937] and fusion are expected to be needed.
-
P4 [Cross language]: Design and implement cross-language pipeline support, including how the ecosystem of shared transforms should work.
Issues
The portability effort touches every component, so the “portability” label is used to identify all portability-related issues. Pure design or proto definitions should use the “beam-model” component. A common pattern for new portability features is that the overall feature is in “beam-model” with subtasks for each SDK and runner in their respective components.
JIRA: query
Status
MVP in progress (near completion for Flink runner). See the Portability support table for details.
Running Python wordcount on Flink
The Flink runner is currently the only runner to support portable pipeline execution. To run a basic Python wordcount (in batch mode) with embedded Flink:
- Run once to build the SDK harness container:
./gradlew -p sdks/python/container docker
- Start the Flink portable JobService endpoint:
./gradlew :beam-runners-flink_2.11-job-server:runShadow
- Submit the wordcount pipeline to above endpoint:
./gradlew :beam-sdks-python:portableWordCount
To run on a separate Flink cluster:
- Start local Flink cluster
- Create shaded JobService jar:
./gradlew :beam-runners-flink_2.11-job-server:installShadowDist
- Start JobService with Flink web service endpoint:
java -jar ./runners/flink/job-server/build/install/beam-runners-flink_2.11-job-server-shadow/lib/beam-runners-flink_2.11-job-server-*.jar--job-host=localhost:8099" "--artifacts-dir=/tmp/flink-artifacts" "--flink-master-url=localhost:8081"
- Submit the pipeline.
Note: A subset of the functionality is also supported in streaming mode; use --streaming
in the command line to enable it.


Bootstrap is a sleek, intuitive, and powerful front-end framework for faster and easier web development, created by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton, and maintained by the core team with the massive support and involvement of the community.
To get started, check out http://getbootstrap.com!
Three quick start options are available:
git clone https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git
.bower install bootstrap
.Read the Getting started page for information on the framework contents, templates and examples, and more.
Within the download you'll find the following directories and files, logically grouping common assets and providing both compiled and minified variations. You'll see something like this:
bootstrap/
├── css/
│ ├── bootstrap.css
│ ├── bootstrap.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap-theme.css
│ └── bootstrap-theme.min.css
├── js/
│ ├── bootstrap.js
│ └── bootstrap.min.js
└── fonts/
├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot
├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg
├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf
└── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
We provide compiled CSS and JS (bootstrap.*
), as well as compiled and minified CSS and JS (bootstrap.min.*
). Fonts from Glyphicons are included, as is the optional Bootstrap theme.
Have a bug or a feature request? Please first read the issue guidelines and search for existing and closed issues. If your problem or idea is not addressed yet, please open a new issue.
Bootstrap's documentation, included in this repo in the root directory, is built with Jekyll and publicly hosted on GitHub Pages at http://getbootstrap.com. The docs may also be run locally.
/bootstrap
directory, run jekyll serve
in the command line.Learn more about using Jekyll by reading its documentation.
Documentation for v2.3.2 has been made available for the time being at http://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/ while folks transition to Bootstrap 3.
Previous releases and their documentation are also available for download.
Please read through our contributing guidelines. Included are directions for opening issues, coding standards, and notes on development.
Moreover, if your pull request contains JavaScript patches or features, you must include relevant unit tests. All HTML and CSS should conform to the Code Guide, maintained by Mark Otto.
Editor preferences are available in the editor config for easy use in common text editors. Read more and download plugins at http://editorconfig.org.
Keep track of development and community news.
irc.freenode.net
server, in the ##twitter-bootstrap
channel.twitter-bootstrap-3
).For transparency into our release cycle and in striving to maintain backward compatibility, Bootstrap is maintained under the Semantic Versioning guidelines. Sometimes we screw up, but we'll adhere to those rules whenever possible.
Mark Otto
Jacob Thornton
Code and documentation copyright 2011-2014 Twitter, Inc. Code released under the MIT license. Docs released under Creative Commons.


public abstract class AbstractMonitoringCollector
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
(package private) Collector |
collector
The collecting component of the Monitoring Collector.
|
private java.lang.Thread |
collectorThread
The collecting thread.
|
(package private) Monitor |
monitor
The monitoring component of the Monitoring Collector.
|
private java.lang.Thread |
monitorThread
The monitoring thread.
|
boolean |
started
Gates start and stop function.
|
private static long |
TIMEOUT
The Constant TIMEOUT.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
AbstractMonitoringCollector()
Instantiates a new abstract monitoring collector.
|
AbstractMonitoringCollector(Monitor monitor,
Collector collector)
Instantiates a new abstract monitoring collector with the supplied monitor and collector objects.
|
Monitor monitor
Collector collector
private java.lang.Thread monitorThread
private java.lang.Thread collectorThread
public boolean started
private static final long TIMEOUT
public AbstractMonitoringCollector()
public void start()
public void stop()


|
OR-Tools
7.1
Google Optimization software suite
|
#include <hamiltonian_path.h>
Public Types | |
| typedef uint32 | Integer |
| typedef Set< Integer > | NodeSet |
Public Member Functions | |
| HamiltonianPathSolver (CostFunction cost) | |
| HamiltonianPathSolver (int num_nodes, CostFunction cost) | |
| void | ChangeCostMatrix (CostFunction cost) |
| void | ChangeCostMatrix (int num_nodes, CostFunction cost) |
| CostType | HamiltonianCost (int end_node) |
| std::vector< int > | HamiltonianPath (int end_node) |
| int | BestHamiltonianPathEndNode () |
| void | HamiltonianPath (std::vector< PathNodeIndex > *path) |
| CostType | TravelingSalesmanCost () |
| std::vector< int > | TravelingSalesmanPath () |
| void | TravelingSalesmanPath (std::vector< PathNodeIndex > *path) |
| bool | IsRobust () |
| bool | VerifiesTriangleInequality () |
Definition at line 453 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| typedef uint32 operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::Integer |
Definition at line 475 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| typedef Set<Integer> operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::NodeSet |
Definition at line 476 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
|
explicit |
Definition at line 606 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::HamiltonianPathSolver | ( | int | num_nodes, |
| CostFunction | cost | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 611 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| void operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::ChangeCostMatrix | ( | CostFunction | cost | ) |
Definition at line 627 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| void operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::ChangeCostMatrix | ( | int | num_nodes, |
| CostFunction | cost | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 633 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| CostType operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::HamiltonianCost | ( | int | end_node | ) |
Definition at line 836 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| std::vector< int > operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::HamiltonianPath | ( | int | end_node | ) |
Definition at line 843 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| int operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::BestHamiltonianPathEndNode | ( | ) |
Definition at line 830 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| void operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::HamiltonianPath | ( | std::vector< PathNodeIndex > * | path | ) |
Definition at line 850 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| CostType operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::TravelingSalesmanCost | ( | ) |
Definition at line 857 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| std::vector< int > operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::TravelingSalesmanPath | ( | ) |
Definition at line 864 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| void operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::TravelingSalesmanPath | ( | std::vector< PathNodeIndex > * | path | ) |
Definition at line 870 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| bool operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::IsRobust | ( | ) |
Definition at line 784 of file hamiltonian_path.h.
| bool operations_research::HamiltonianPathSolver< CostType, CostFunction >::VerifiesTriangleInequality | ( | ) |
Definition at line 809 of file hamiltonian_path.h.


The BlinkyTube should come with the following parts included:
The BlinkyTape and USB cable were shipped separately, but are needed to complete these instructions.
In addition, you will also need a small Philips screwdriver to screw the endcaps in place.
Peel back the protective coating from the tape. The bottom of the channel should now be sticky and ready for the BlinkyTape to be mounted!
Center the BlinkyTape in the Aluminum channel (the tube is a little longer than the tape, to make room for the USB cable at one end). Set the tape down gently in the channel, then press the tape down firmly to secure it.
Slide the plastic retention plate into the Aluminum tube to secure the USB cable.
Use a screwdriver to attach the endcap with the USB slot cutout to the side of the aluminum channel that the USB cable is coming out of. The cable should be loosely constrained by the endcap and the retention plate.
There should be a layer of protective shrink tape covering the diffuser. The diffuser looks much better if you remove it, and now is a perfect time!
Snap the diffuser into the aluminum channel. There is a small groove at the top of the channel that the edges of the diffuser should fit nicely into.
Screw the remaining endcap into the other side of the aluminum channel.


project:
Development of online management portal for yearbook team
Database design
Information flow
Database design
Information flow
As the leader of my school's yearbook team, I was in charge of coordinating workflow. This was often difficult across a large team.
The system used for the team was a spreadsheet that listed all pages of the yearbook. After working with this spreadsheet, I identified the following limitations:
- Team members had to frequently scroll through an extremely long list with hundreds of pages listed which were mostly irrelevant to the specific team member
- Team members often did not indicate they finished their work and were inconsistent in how they indicated this, slowing down workflow.
- There was often confusion and delays when a new page was assigned or changed, since many team members do not regularly check the whole spreadsheet
- Hard to visualize overall progress of what work was complete
To solve these problems, I set out to create a online portal backed by a database of yearbook pages, which would help improve workflow and miscommunication with each team member only seeing what was relevant to them and receiving automatic email notifications when something relevant to them was updated.


Home
About Us
Contact
My Profile
Demographics
Daily Log
Appointments
Medical History
Providers
Prescriptions
Reports
Insurance
Logout
Insurance
Upload your insurance card here!
Insurance Company:
Insurance Company:
Submit
Medicare Insurance Card
Medi-Cal Insurance Card


The EntityLabel object is a special version of a Text object that is used to display the name of a selected object. The only way to create an EntityLabel is to right-click on the object to be labelled and select “Show Label”. It cannot be dragged and dropped from the Model Builder.
An EntityLabel moves automatically with the object and is destroyed when the object is destroyed. An object can have only one EntityLabel at a time.
An object name can be changed by editing its EntityLabel in the view window. Double-click on the EntityLabel to enter edit mode and revise the name as desired. Press the Return key or click on another object to accept the new name.
The appearance of all the EntityLabels in a model can be changed by editing the inputs for the EntityLabelModel (under Display Models > TextModel in the Object Selector). The standard colour, font and style (bold and/or italics) for all EntityLabels can be selected in this way.


Signature page senior facilities agreement
– Project Galaxy
SIGNATORIES TO THE FACILITIES AGREEMENT
Parent
[PARENT]
By:
Address:
[⚫]
Email:
[⚫]
Attention:
[⚫]
Company
[COMPANY]
By:
Address:
[⚫]
Email:
[⚫]
Attention:
[⚫]
Arranger
KOMMUNALKREDIT AUSTRIA AG
By:
Address:
[⚫]
Email:
[⚫]
Attention:
[⚫]


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load staticfiles otree %} {% block scripts %} {% endblock %} {% block title %} Choose Your Charity {% endblock %} {% block styles %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Here is a list of charities. You have 10 minutes to to learn more about their missions. Given the special COVID-19 circumstances, we've selected charities and organizations that are on the front line fighting against the virus. We are also presenting trusted local charities with a connection to the LEEPS Lab. After you are done reading, please select one charity. If you choose to donate in any of the upcoming 6 periods, your donations will go to your selected charity.
The world is facing an unprecedented challenge with communities and economies everywhere affected by the growing COVID-19 pandemic. The world is coming together to combat the COVID-19 pandemic bringing governments, organizations from across industries and sectors and individuals together to help respond to this global outbreak.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is leading and coordinating the global effort with a range of partners, supporting countries to prevent, detect, and respond to the pandemic.
Our Goals:Año Nuevo Reserve is one of the University of California's 39 Natural Reserves. It is located a short drive north of Santa Cruz and is an important breeding site for an incredible diversity of marine mammals and birds. Nearly 100,000 tourists visit the Reserve every year to see the northern elephant seals on docent-led tours.
The close proximity of the Reserve to UC Santa Cruz and several other universities make it a hotspot for undergraduate experiential learning. Students obtain hands-on research experience while working on world-class scientific research projects, resulting in dozens of peer-reviewed publlications annually.
Recent research topics include:
The Homeless Garden Project provides job training, transitional employment and support services to people who are experiencing homelessness. HGP's vibrant education and volunteer program for the broad community blends formal, experiential and service-learning. The programs take place in our 3-acre organic farm and related enterprises.
In May of 1990, the Citizens Committee for the Homeless, a Santa Cruz County non-profit, began a new project by opening the gates of an organic garden on Pelton Avenue. The Homeless Garden Project would provide job-training and meaningful work in a therapeutic environment. The Project began as a place to provide sanctuary, refuge and meaningful work within the healing environment of the organic farm.
Our Values
University of California, San Francisco is among the top health sciences universities in the world. We are coordinating with colleagues across the Bay Area and Northern California to care for patients. As the COVID-19 outbreak expands, teams throughout UCSF’s hospitals, clinics, and research labs are actively monitoring and responding to the evolving situation.
Your gift will be used to address the needs of patients and caregivers impacted by COVID-19, and to support emerging areas of greatest need, such as:
The Santa Cruz County Animal Shelter is a non-profit Joint Powers Authority that provides 24-hour animal rescue and is Santa Cruz County’s only full service, open-admission animal shelter. We rescue and assure temporary shelter, veterinary and humane care for approximately 5,000 stray, unwanted, abandoned, mistreated, neglected and injured animals every year.
The support of our community is crucial to sustaining and expanding our services. Effective October, 2019, we are initiating a three-stage expansion at our 7th Avenue/Rodriguez Street site.
These unprecedented times are challenging for all of us—but for some, the situation is dire. This is why our campus has created the COVID-19 Slug Support Campaign. Together, our Banana Slug community can help support students who are experiencing financial or personal crisis because of the infection and the drastic measures our state and country have had to take to curb it.
Your gift today will help our slug community to:


Home owners today have a wide selection of different roofing types to choose from with asphalt shingles being one of them. Asphalt shingles offer a beautiful, affordable, and reliable roofing solution for most residential homes. That's why 4 out of 5 homes today have asphalt shingles installed on their homes (Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association). Carl T. Johnson, Inc. uses industry products from manufacturers with a reputation for quality and durability like GAF, the largest roofing manufacturer in North America. We will work with you to choose the right type of shingle manufacturer, color, and texture for your home that fits your budget and goals.


Plain of Tears [at29], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 132
Last updated Turn #129
Plain of Tears [at29], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 132
------------------------------------------------------------------------
21: It has become quite windy.
30: The population grows by one peasant.
Routes leaving Plain of Tears:
North, plain, to Plain of Tears [as29], 7 days
East, plain, to Plain of Tears [at30], 7 days
South, mountain, to Mandor Mountains [au29], 10 days
West, plain, to Plain of Tears [at28], 7 days
It is windy.


Frequency:
Octaves:
Gain:
Lacunarity:
Amplitude:
BG to FG easing:
FG to BG easing:
Foreground saturation:
Foreground brightness:
Background color:
Show original grayscale image
Palette animation speed:
Palette constant duration:
Palette transition duration:


Welcome to Harim Lee's Homepage. #new #fun #comma
Find Out MoreHi! My name is Harim Lee. I'm a junior service planner for responsive web. You can see my profile, project, and contact at this homepage. Are you curious about me?
Get Started!2019. 08홍익대학교 졸업예정Plan to graduate. 2016. 07 부전공 컴퓨터공학 시작 Started to minor in Computer Engineering. 2014. 03 홍익대학교 역사교육과 입학 Started to major in History Education from Hongik University.
2018. 03. 22 ~ 2018. 07. 13 SCG HR연구소 인턴SCG HR Lab intern 2018. 05. 25 ~ 2018. 06. 10 하비인더박스 인턴Hobby in the Box intern 2018. 02. 03 ~ 2018. 02. 18 크래프트링크 인턴 CRAFTLINK intern 2017. 05. 01 ~ 2017. 05. 26 경성고등학교 교생Gyeongseong High School student teacher
2018. 03. 02 ~ 현재 '멋쟁이 사자처럼' 6기6th Likelion 2016. 04. 04 ~ 2017. 05. 06 홍익대학교 유학생활도우미Hongik University International student assistant 2015. 03. 07 ~ 2016. 01. 30 경기도대학생기자단 7기7th Gyeonggi-do university student journalist
Microsoft Office Adobe Photoshop Axure Java C Ruby on Rails
I'd like to keep in touch with you! Are you ready to start your next project with me? That's great! Give me a call or send me an email and I will get back to you as soon as possible!
010-5138-5965


Institutions
List
Add
Go!
#
Institution Name
<<<<<<< HEAD
121000040
May 23, 2014 11:47:56 PM
121000210
edit
=======
121000040
May 23, 2014 11:47:56 PM
Edit
>>>>>>> ffe78742b8cb635824a0b37c8e267cfabccc251d
Institution
×
Institution Name


DR Congo: Plane crash kills 23
by Agency ReportTwenty-three bodies were recovered on Sunday after a small plane crashed on takeoff into a densely populated area of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo, rescue workers said.
“We are up to 23 bodies now,” Goma rescue service coordinator Joseph Makundi told AFP.
Goma airport official Richard Mangolopa told AFP no survivors were expected from the disaster.
The Dornier-228 aircraft had been headed for Beni, 350 kilometres (220 miles) north of Goma when it went down in a residential area near the airport in the east of the country.
“There were 17 passengers on board and two crew members. It took off around 9-9.10 am (0700 GMT),” Busy Bee airline staff member Heritier Said Mamadou said.
Busy Bee, a recent company, has three planes serving routes in North Kivu province.
One of the company’s maintenance workers at the site quoted by news site actuality.cd blamed a “technical problem”.
The number of casualties on the ground was not yet known.
(AFP)


DRACUT
Section: Maintenance Commands (8)Updated: June 2009
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
dracut - create initial ramdisk images for preloading modulesSYNOPSIS
dracut [OPTION]... <image> <kernel-version>DESCRIPTION
dracut creates an initial image used by the kernel for preloading the block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID) which are needed to access the root filesystem.Options
- -f, --force
- overwrite existing initramfs file.
- -m, --modules LIST
- specify a space-separated list of dracut modules to call when building the initramfs. Modules are located in /usr/share/dracut/modules.d.
- -o, --omit LIST
- omit a space-separated list of dracut modules.
- -a, --add LIST
- add a space-separated list of dracut modules.
- -d, --drivers LIST
- specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to exclusively include in the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix.
- --add-drivers LIST
- specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to add to the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix.
- --omit-drivers LIST
-
specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to omit from the initramfs.
The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix.
Regular expressions are also allowed like ".*/fs/ocfs/.*".
If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes.
example: # dracut --omit "module1 module2" ...
- --filesystems LIST
- specify a space-separated list of kernel filesystem modules to exclusively include in the generic initramfs.
- -k, --kmoddir {DIR}
- specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules
- --fwdir {DIR}
- specify additional directory, where to look for firmwares
- --kernel-only
- only install kernel drivers and firmware files
- --no-kernel
- do not install kernel drivers and firmware files
- --mdadmconf
- include local /etc/mdadm.conf
- --nomdadmconf
- do not include local /etc/mdadm.conf
- --strip
- strip binaries in the initramfs (default)
- --nostrip
- do not strip binaries in the initramfs
- -h, --help
- display help text and exit.
- --debug
- output debug information of the build process
- -v, --verbose
- verbose output during the build process
- -c, --conf FILE
- specify configuration file to use. Default: /etc/dracut.conf
- --confdir DIR
- specify configuration directory to use. Default: /etc/dracut.conf.d
- -l, --local
- local mode. Use modules from the current working directory instead of the system-wide installed in /usr/share/dracut/modules.d. Useful when running dracut from a git checkout.
- -H, --hostonly
- Host-Only mode: Install only what is needed for booting the local host instead of a generic host.
- -i, --include SOURCE TARGET
- include the files in the SOURCE directory into the target directory in the final initramfs.
- -I, --install LIST
-
install the space separated list of files into the initramfs.
KERNEL COMMAND LINE
The root filesystem used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration file, as always. The traditional root=/dev/hda1 style device specification is allowed. If a label is used, as in root=LABEL=rootPart the initrd will search all available devices for an ext2 or ext3 filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that device as the root filesystem. root=UUID=uuidnumber will mount the partition with that UUID as the root filesystem.Standard
- init=<path to real init>
- root=<path to blockdevice>
-
specify blockdevice to use as root filesystem.
e.g.
root=/dev/sda1
root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 - rootfstype=<filesystem type>
- "auto" if not specified, e.g. rootfstype=ext3
- rootflags=<mount options>
- specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, /etc/fstab of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and mounted accordingly.
- rd_NO_FSTAB
-
do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in
/etc/fstab of the real root.
Misc
- rdblacklist=<drivername>
- do not load kernel module <drivername> This parameter can be specified multiple times.
- rdloaddriver=<drivername>
-
force loading kernel module <drivername>
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
Debug
- rdinfo
- print informational output though "quiet" is set
- rdshell
- allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails
- rdinitdebug
- set -x for the dracut shell and logs to dmesg, console and /init.log
- rdbreak
- drop to a shell at the end
- rdbreak={cmdline:|pre-udev:|pre-trigger:|initqueue:|pre-mount:|mount:|pre-pivot} drop to a shell on defined breakpoint
- rdudevinfo
- set udev to loglevel info
- rdudevdebug
-
set udev to loglevel debug
I18N
e.g.
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16
KEYTABLE=de-latin1-nodeadkeys
- KEYBOARDTYPE=sun|pc
- will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs
- KEYTABLE=<keytable filename>
- will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs
- SYSFONT=Console font
- will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
- SYSFONTACM=Unicode font map
- will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
- UNIMAP=Unicode font map
- will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
- LANG=<locale>
-
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
LVM
- rd_NO_LVM
- disable LVM detection
- rd_LVM_VG=<volume group name>
- only activate the volume groups with the given name rd_LVM_VG can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
- rd_LVM_LV=<logical volume name>
- only activate the logical volumes with the given name rd_LVM_LV can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
- rd_NO_LVMCONF
-
remove any /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, which may exist in the initramfs
crypto LUKS
- rd_NO_LUKS
- disable crypto LUKS detection
- rd_LUKS_UUID=<luks uuid>
- only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to <luks uuid>. The comparisons also matches, if <luks uuid> is only the beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
- rd_NO_CRYPTTAB
-
do not check, if LUKS partition is in /etc/crypttab
MD
- rd_NO_MD
- disable MD RAID detection
- rd_NO_MDIMSM
- no MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use dmraid instead
- rd_NO_MDADMCONF
- ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs
- rd_MD_UUID=<md uuid>
-
only activate the raid sets with the given UUID.
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
DMRAID
- rd_NO_DM
- disable DM RAID detection
- rd_DM_UUID=<dmraid uuid>
-
only activate the raid sets with the given UUID.
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
FIPS
- fips=1
- enable FIPS
- boot=<bootdevice>
-
specify the device, where /boot is located
e.g.
boot=/dev/sda1
boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
boot=UUID=<uuid>
boot=LABEL=<label>If the root device is encrypted, the /boot partition must reside on a seperate partition and has to be specified.
Network
- ip={dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}
-
dhcp|on|any: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp,
loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first
with a valid DHCP root-path.
auto6: IPv6 autoconfiguration
dhcp6: IPv6 DHCP
ibft: iBFT autoconfiguration
- ip=<interface>:{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}
-
dhcp|on|any|dhcp6: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface
auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
- ip=<client-IP>::[<server-id>]::<gateway-IP>::<netmask>::<clienthostname>::<interface>::{none|off} explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple times.
- ifname=<interface>:<MAC>
- Assign network device name <interface> (ie eth0) to the NIC with MAC <MAC>. Note letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase! Note that if you use this option you must specify an ifname= argument for all interfaces used in ip= or fcoe= arguments This parameter can be specified multiple times.
- bootdev=<interface>
- specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. Required if multiple ip= lines are used.
- nameserver=<IP> [nameserver=<IP> ...]
- specify nameserver(s) to use
- biosdevname={0|1]}
- turn off/on biosdevname network interface renaming
NFS
- root=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
- mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix ":" or "," and are seperated by ",".
- root=nfs:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
- root=nfs4:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
- root=dhcp|dhcp6
-
root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS
options can be specified.
root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] - root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
- Deprecated! kernel Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt defines this method. This is supported by dracut but not recommended.
- rd_NFS_DOMAIN=<NFSv4 domain name>
-
Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in /etc/idmap.conf.
iSCSI
-
root=iscsi:[username:password:[:reverse:password]@]:[<servername>]::[<protocol>]::[<port>]:[:[<iscsi_iface_name>]:[<netdev_name>]]::[<LUN>]::<targetname>
protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0".
If the "servername" field is provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage (Section 7). However, if the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated fields.
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173
-
root=iscsi:[username:password:[:reverse:password]@]:[<servername>]::[<protocol>]::[<port>]:[:[<iscsi_iface_name>]:[<netdev_name>]]::[<LUN>]::<targetname>
e.g. root=iscsi:<IP_ADDRESS>::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets.
e.g.
root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 -
root=??? netroot=iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@]:[<servername>]::[<protocol>]::[<port>]:[:[<iscsi_iface_name>]:[<netdev_name>]]::[<LUN>]::<targetname> ...
multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks
e.g.
root=UUID=12424547
netroot=iscsi:<IP_ADDRESS>::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
netroot=iscsi:<IP_ADDRESS>::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets.
e.g.
netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 -
root=??? iscsi_initiator=<initiator> iscsi_target_name=<target name> iscsi_target_ip=<target ip> iscsi_target_port=<target port> iscsi_target_group=<target group> iscsi_username=<username> iscsi_password=<password> iscsi_in_username=<in username> iscsi_in_password=<in password>
manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see iscsistart --help)
- root=??? netroot=iscsi iscsi_firmware
-
will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware
- iscsi_param=<param>
-
<param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart.
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
e.g.:
"netroot=iscsi iscsi_firmware iscsi_param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30"
will result in
iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30
FCoE
- fcoe=<edd|interface|MAC>:<dcb|nodcb>
-
Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by <interface> or <MAC> or EDD settings.
Note letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase!
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
NBD
- root=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>]
- mount nbd share from <server>
- root=dhcp
-
with dhcp root-path=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>]
root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD
options can be specified.
This syntax is only usable in cases where you are directly mounting the volume
as the rootfs.
DASD
- rd_DASD_MOD=....
-
same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)
-
rd_DASD=<dasd adaptor device bus ID>:[,readonly=X]:[,use_diag=X]:[,erplog=X]:[,failfast=X]
activate DASD device with the given adaptor device bus ID and setting the sysfs attributes
to the specified values
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
ZFCP
- rd_ZFCP=<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>,:<WWPN>,:<FCPLUN>
-
rd_ZFCP can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
example: rd_ZFCP=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000
- rd_NO_ZFCPCONF
-
ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs
ZNET
- rd_ZNET=<nettype>,<subchannels>,<options>
-
rd_ZNET can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. Examples:
rd_ZNET=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
rd_ZNET=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar
Plymouth Boot Splash
- rd_NO_PLYMOUTH
-
do not start plymouth. This will not work with encrypted partitions.
FILES
- /var/log/dracut.log
- /etc/dracut.conf
- see dracut.conf(5)
Configuration in the Initramfs
- /etc/conf.d/
- Any files found in /etc/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs to set initial values. Command line options will override these values set in the configuration files.
- /etc/cmdline
-
Can contain additional command line options.
AUTHORS
Harald Hoyer<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Victor Lowther<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Warren Togami<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Jeremy Katz<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Philippe Seewer<EMAIL_ADDRESS>David Dillow<EMAIL_ADDRESS>AVAILABILITY
The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/dracut/wikiSEE ALSO
dracut.conf(5)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:25 GMT, December 24, 2015


SPI permitting new classpaths to be constructed and registered.
{@link org.netbeans.spi.java.classpath.ClassPathProvider}s can be registered
to default lookup in order to associate information about classpaths with files.
For example, a Java-oriented project type would normally indicate that its Java
sources have a certain classpath associated with them.
For a source file the ClassPathProvider has to return a
{@link org.netbeans.api.java.classpath.ClassPath} of the following ClassPath types:
- ClassPath.SOURCE - the classpath contains the source roots of the project
- ClassPath.BOOT - the classpath contains the jdk runtime libraries
- ClassPath.COMPILE - the classpath contains the project compile libraries (compile classpath)
it may also return a ClassPath of type ClassPath.EXEC pointing to the build output folder.
For build output the ClassPathProvider has to return a ClassPath of the following
types:
- ClassPath.BOOT - the classpath contains the jdk runtime libraries
- ClassPath.COMPILE - the classpath contains the project compile libraries (compile classpath)
- ClassPath.EXEC - the classpath contains the build output folder
{@link org.netbeans.spi.java.classpath.ClassPathFactory} may be used to
create new {@link org.netbeans.api.java.classpath.ClassPath} instances.


Material
Material is an HTML5 UI design based on Google Material.
A visual language for our users that synthesizes the classic principles of good design with the innovation and possibility of technology and science. This is material design. http://www.google.com/design/spec/material-design/introduction.html
Have a play with a working prototype of Material, let us know what you think at the Daemon Labs forum.


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If you wish to block Secateur from acting on your behalf, click the big red button to disconnect.