Contents
%DEMOPOLYNOMIALCURVEPROJECTION One-line description here, please. % output = demoPolynomialCurveProjection(input) % % Example % demoPolynomialCurveProjection % % See also % % % ------ % Author: David Legland % e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>% Created: 2007-12-21, using Matlab <IP_ADDRESS>7 (R2007a) % Copyright 2007 INRA - BIA PV Nantes - MIAJ Jouy-en-Josas. % Licensed under the terms of the LGPL, see the file "license.txt"
Initializations
% parametrization basis t = linspace(-10, 10, 1000)'; % coefficients of polynomial curve xc = [0 12 0 -1/5]; yc = [0 0 1]; % curve for display curve = polynomialCurvePoint(t, xc, yc); % draw the curve figure(1); clf; hold on; drawCurve(curve); axis equal;
Compute projection point
% the point to project point = [0 40]; % position of projection on the curve pos = polynomialCurveProjection(t, xc, yc, point); % coordinate of projection point proj = polynomialCurvePoint(pos, xc, yc); % draw the point and its projection drawPoint(point, 'bo'); drawPoint(proj, 'ro');


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Table of Contents
Introduction About System Requirements Disclaimer & License Contact Installation Examples ReferencesIntroduction
About
OTToolbox v0.2.x is a toolbox for numerical optimal transport implemented in C++. In due time we expect to provide bindings for various environments such as Python, Matlab, R, etcetera.
Version 0.2.0 is even more experimental than the previous version. Everything here is extremely improvised and preliminary.
It provides implementations for various algorithms for solving discrete optimal transport problems, via the linear programming formulation due to Kantorovich. It includes a naive dense solver for reference and convenience. The main functionality are implementations of the sparse multi-scale linear program solver described in [Schmitzer 2016a] and the stabilized sparse Sinkhorn algorithm based on entropy regularization, as described in [Schmitzer 2016b]. These two components will be referred to by ShortCut and SparseSinkhorn in the following. References to figures refer to figures in the respective articles. Parts of the ShortCut algorithm have been included in the numerical benchmark [Schrieber et al. 2016].
In this early stage there is no extensive documentation available. It is recommended to try to complete the installation and then look at some of the example files.
Note that this is highly experimental software. It does virtually no safety checks on the users input data and will likely segfault if invalid data is provided. See also Disclaimer & License.
System Requirements
Installation of the toolbox requires
- reasonably recent versions of a C++ compiler, cmake and GNU Make.
Currently the software is in a very early beta stage and no systematic testing for system compatibility has been performed.
So far it has been tested with:
- Ubuntu 16.04, g++ 5.4.0, cmake 3.5.1, GNU Make 4.1
In addition, ShortCut requires an external linear program solver. Currently, interfaces are provided for the following solvers:
- ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio (tested with versions 12.5 and 12.6.1). Online documentation. For academic researchers CPLEX is available under the IBM Academic Initiative.
- LEMON Graph Library 1.3.1
The SparseSinkhorn solver requires the eigen library, version 3 (tested with version 3.2.92). On Linux it can usually be installed via the package manager or it can be obtained at http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/.
These external libraries cannot be directly provided with the toolbox. The user is kindly asked to obtain what they need by themselves.
Disclaimer & License
This toolbox is prototypical software, developed as part of ongoing research on efficient algorithms and should be considered experimental. It is distributed such that other researchers can test and reproduce published results as well as extend it.It comes without any guarantees or warranty. Use at your own risk.
This toolbox is released under the `Modified BSD License'. The full license text is given below.
Copyright (c) 2019, Bernhard Schmitzer
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
(1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
(2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
(3) The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

Contact
The toolbox is developed by Bernhard Schmitzer, currently at the Technical University of München, (github repository). Feedback on how to make the toolbox more user-friendly, about bugs, successful installation on a new system configuration or requests for additional features is much appreciated.
Installation
Installation and usage consists of the following steps, which will be detailed below:
- installing external libraries if required (CPLEX or LEMON)
- configuring cmake
- compiling the library
- including the library to your own project
Installing external libraries
If you want to use the ShortCut solver you first need to install CPLEX and/or the LEMON library. For the Sinkhorn solver you need the eigen library. Please see System Requirements for references to the respective libraries.Configuring cmake
For now I suggest to configure cmake by directly editing src/CMakeLists.txt. The following steps should be considered:- For now I recommend leaving SET_VERBOSE on ON.
- For using ShortCut either USE_CPLEX or USE_LEMON have to be turned on. If you turn one or both of these options on you need to set CPLEX_LIBRARY, CPLEX_INCLUDE_DIRECTORY and / or LEMON_LIBRARY, LEMON_INCLUDE_DIRECTORY appropriately, according to where on your system these libraries are installed.
- For using SparseSinkhorn USE_SINKHORN has to be turned on and EIGEN_LIBRARY has to be set accordingly.
Compiling the library
From a terminal in the root of the library directory run:
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../src/
make
make install
Including/linking the library
The headers are summarized in include/. You should always include Common.h. Depending whether you use ShortCut (and which backend solver) or Sinkhorn you need to include the other headers. The corresponding object files that you need to link against are found in bin/.Examples
Upon successful installation there are some examples in examples/. The corresponding source code can be found in src/Examples/. Depending on which parts of the library were compiled some potential commands to run from examples/ are:
./ShortCut_<CPLEX/Lemon> 0
./ShortCut_<CPLEX/Lemon> 1
./ShortCut_<CPLEX/Lemon> 2
./ShortCut_<CPLEX/Lemon> 3
./Sinkhorn_Standard 0
./Sinkhorn_Standard 1
./Sinkhorn_Standard 2
./Sinkhorn_Standard 3
./Sinkhorn_Standard 4
./Sinkhorn_Barycenter 0
./Sinkhorn_Barycenter 1
./Sinkhorn_Barycenter 2
./Sinkhorn_Barycenter 3
References
[Schmitzer 2016a] A Sparse Multi-Scale Algorithm for Dense Optimal Transport, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 56 (2): 238-259 (2016), http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.05466
:[Schmitzer 2016b] Stabilized Sparse Scaling Algorithms for Entropy Regularized Transport Problems, https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.06519
:[Schrieber et al. 2016] DOTmark - A Benchmark for Discrete Optimal Transport, https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03368
:


Open Preferences.
Go to: General/Maufacture and check Enable Cloud Libraries.
Open your Data Panel (Left sidebar)
Under LIBRARIES open the Assets folder.
Open CAMPost folder.
Click Upload. Choose the Post Processor file by clicking on Select Files or Drag and Drop your files …finish by clicking Upload
Open the Post Processor click Setup and choose UseCloudPost.
As the post processor is uploaded to the cloud you can access it from all machines as long as you log in to your Fusion 360 account.


RNAlertController
@objcMembers
public final class RNAlertController : UIViewController
An object that provides RNAlertController.
-
Initializes the alert.
Declaration
Swift
public convenience init(title: String?, message: String?)
Parameters
title
Title for the alert.
message
Message body of the alert.
-
Declaration
Swift
public override func viewDidLoad()
-
Declaration
Swift
public override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool)
-
Declaration
Swift
public override func viewWillDisappear(_ animated: Bool)
-
Declaration
Swift
public override func viewDidDisappear(_ animated: Bool)
-
Declaration
Swift
public override func traitCollectionDidChange(_ previousTraitCollection: UITraitCollection?)
-
Initializes the alert.
Declaration
Swift
static func alertController(title: String?, message: String?) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
title
Title for the alert.
message
Message body of the alert.
Return Value
RNAlertController
instance.
-
Presents the alert on the specified view controller.
Use this method to present
RNAlertController
alert on a specific view controller.Declaration
Swift
func present(on viewController: UIViewController, completion: (() -> Void)? = nil)
Parameters
viewController
UIViewController
where the alert is to be presented.completion
Block to run after presenting the alert.
-
Presents the alert on its own window.
Declaration
Swift
func present(_ completion: (() -> Void)? = nil)
Parameters
completion
Block to run after presenting the alert.
-
Dismisses the alert.
Declaration
Swift
func dismiss(_ completion: (() -> Void)? = nil)
Parameters
completion
Block to run after dismissing the alert.
-
Adds a button to the alert.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func addButton(title: String, type: AlertButtonType = .default, action: AlertAction? = nil) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
title
Title for the button.
type
Button style for the alert.
action
Block to run when the button is pressed (i.e. touchUpInside: action).
Return Value
RNAlertController
instance. -
Adds an OK button to the alert.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func addOkButton(action: AlertAction? = nil) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
action
Block to run when the button is pressed (i.e. touchUpInside event).
Return Value
RNAlertController
instance. -
Adds a Cancel button to the alert.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func addCancelButton(action: AlertAction? = nil) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
action
Block to run when the button is pressed (i.e. touchUpInside event).
Return Value
RNAlertController
instance. -
Sets attributed text for the message.
When set, message text will use attributed text instead of regular text.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func setAttributedMessageText(_ attributedText: NSAttributedString?) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
attributedText
Attributed string to set.
-
Sets the banner image for the alert.
Banner image is displayed under the message body or at the very top of the body. Consequent calls of this method will result in replacement of previously set image.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func setBannerImage(_ image: UIImage, position: AlertBannerPosition = .afterBody) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
image
image to use in the alert.
position
determines the position of the image.
Return Value
RNAlertController` instance.
-
Sets picker view data for the alert.
Note
Consequent calls of this method will result in replacement of previously set picker data.Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func setPickerData(items: [String], selectedRow: Int = 0, selectionAction: AlertPickerAction?) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
items
An array of
String
to represent picker data collection.selectedRow
Row to be selected. The default value is 0 (zero) indicating the first item in the collection.
selectionAction
Block to execute when an item is selected.
Return Value
RNAlertController
instance. -
Sets a button with an URL.
A button is placed under the message body. Consequent calls of this method will result in replacement of previously set URL.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func setURL(urlString: String, text: String? = nil) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
urlString
String
representation of the URL.text
Placeholder for the URL. If
nil
is passed, original URL will be used.Return Value
RNAlertController
instance. -
Sets a date picker with a selected date.
A date picker is placed under the message body.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func setDatePicker(mode: UIDatePicker.Mode, selectedDate: Date? = nil, maximumDate: Date? = nil, minimumDate: Date? = nil, selectionAction: AlertDatePickerAction? = nil) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
mode
UIDatePicker.Mode
describing the mode displayed the date picker.selectedDate
Date
to set. If passednil
, current date is used.maximumDate
Maximum date that a date picker can show.
minimumDate
Minimum date that a date picker can show.
selectionAction
Block to execute when date is selected.
Return Value
RNAlertController
instance. -
Sets a checkbox with a title below the message body.
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult func setCheckboxView(title: String?, isSelected: Bool, action: AlertCheckboxAction?) -> RNAlertController
Parameters
title
A message that is shown on the right of the checkbox.
isSelected
Boolean value indicating the primary state of the checkbox.
action
Block to execute the checkbox is toggled.
Return Value
RNAlertController
instance.


workfront
Businessmodel of Workfront
Customer Segments
Workfront offers a portfolio of enterprise work management solutions targeted primarily at marketing, IT, and service teams within commercial entities across multiple business sectors. The Company’s customers include companies and organisations across the following business sectors:
- Retail and Consumer Goods, including retail chains across multiple sectors, and consumer goods manufacturers and distributors;
- Healthcare, including healthcare providers, life science companies, and medical service companies;
- Technology, including technology companies, software developers, and IT service companies;
- Financial Services, primarily comprising insurance providers and financial services firms; and
- Advertising and Marketing, including advertising agencies, brand management firms, and other media and marketing agencies. Workfront names a number of its clients on its website. This includes companies such as Cisco, Admiral, Warburtons, Dignity Health, Citrix, Ameritas, Sony, Dell, Vistaprint, National Geographic Learning, and ATB Financial.
Workfront is based in the US, which remains the Company’s key market. The Company also operates a Europe, Middle East, and Africa division, through which it sells products and services to an international customer base.
Value Propositions
Workfront provides value to its customers in the following ways:
- Its industry standing and track record, with the Company established as a reliable provider of cloud-based enterprise work management solutions, serving a number of market-leading companies such as Cisco, Sony, and Dell;
- Its diverse portfolio of products and solutions, with the Company offering a broad range of products and solutions, including solutions tailored to the needs of IT teams, marketing teams, and service teams across multiple industries;
- Its international reach, with the Company serving an extensive domestic client base in the US, as well as numerous international clients across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa; and
- Its industry expertise and experience, with the Company employing specialist technical personnel across its various operating units, as well as an experienced team of industry executives. ### Channels
Workfront operates a website at www.workfront.com, through which it provides information on its various products and services, industry solutions, and operating locations. The Company does not appear to operate an online sales channel. It does, however, allow customers to arrange free product trials directly through its website. The Company also offers a mobile app that is available on iOS and Android devices.
Workfront makes the bulk of its sales through its direct sales force, which is organised by geographic region. The Company operates sales teams for the US and across the Europe, Middle East and Africa region, with offices in Utah, US and Basingstoke, UK. The Company’s sales personnel can be contacted over the phone or via an online chat service.
Workfront also reaches customers through a network of channel and referral partners. This includes companies that drive traffic to the Company’s website in return for commission and companies that provide sales and marketing services on the Company’s behalf.
Customer Relationships
Workfront does not sell its products and solutions to customers on a self-service basis. It does, however, enable customers to request product trials directly through the Company’s website and offers freely downloadable mobile apps.
Customers can also access the Company’s online portal independently, where they can utilise resources and tools without interacting directly with members of the Company’s sales and service personnel.
Workfront makes sales primarily through its direct sales force, the members of which consult directly with customers over the phone or online in order to fully ascertain their individual needs and requirements. The Company seeks to establish long-term relationships with its clients, offering its largest customers dedicated account management teams that maintain ongoing contact with the client.
Workfront provides ongoing support to its customers, who can contact the Company’s support and service teams over the phone or through an online chat service. The Company also offers a range of online resources, such as user guides and FAQs, as well as an online community portal, through which customers are able to interact with one another, share ideas, and collaborate on problems.
Workfront operates social media accounts with Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, and Google+, through which it is able to interact with clients and publish company updates.
Key Activities
Workfront is a provider of cloud-based enterprise work management products and solutions that are designed to assist marketing, IT, and other enterprise teams across multiple business sectors operate more efficiently, effectively, and reliably. The Company offers a large portfolio of products, including its Workfront Enterprise Work Cloud, which enables clients to manage and collaborate on projects through the entire work lifecycle.
The company also provides specialist enterprise work management solutions for corporate application development, new product development, and IT project management office, as well as ancillary consulting, education, and support services. The Company is based in the US, and offers services to clients domestically and internationally, including across Europe, Middle East and Africa.
Key Partners
Workfront works closely with various companies and organisations around the world in order to ensure that it provides effective and reliable solutions. The Company’s partners can be organised broadly into the following categories:
- Supplier and Vendor Partners, including suppliers of services, technologies, and equipment that are utilised across the enterprise in support of its core development, delivery, and maintenance operations;
- Affiliate and Referral Partners, including various websites and online businesses that promote the Company’s services and solutions and drive traffic to the Company’s website in return for commissions on sales;
- Technology Partners, including technology companies, software and application developers, and IT service providers that assist in developing and maintaining the both the Company’s solutions and integrated offerings;
- Channel and Distribution Partners, including various resellers, distributors, and sales agents that assist in extending the reach of the Company’s in-house sales and marketing operations, notably in international markets across Europe, Middle East and Africa; and
- Strategic and Alliance Partners, including market leading companies across multiple sectors with which the Company collaborates on joint projects and provides joint services. Workfront names a number of its partners on its website. This includes companies such as CapabilitySource, Extensis Portfolio, Aurotech Systems, The Bond Group, ESP for Oil and Gas, and AtAppStore.
Key Resources
Workfront’s key resources are its proprietary technologies, its products and solutions, its IT and communications infrastructure, its sales and distribution channels, its partnerships, and its personnel.
Workfront utilises various proprietary technologies in the development and delivery of its solutions. Searches of records published by the US Patent and Trademark Office, however, identified no patent applications filed in the Company’s name, either as assignee or applicant.
Workfront additionally owns and or leases a number of physical properties in the US and abroad, which comprise its office network.
Cost Structure
Workfront incurs costs in relation to the development of its solutions and technologies, the development and maintenance of its online platform, the maintenance of its IT and communications infrastructure, the procurement of services, the management of its partnerships, the implementation of marketing and advertising campaigns, and the retention of its personnel.
Revenue Streams
Workfront generates revenue through the development and sale of enterprise work management solutions to clients across multiple industries. The Company derives revenue through subscriptions to its various cloud-based solutions, as well as under service contracts that are agreed on a client-by-client basis.
Workfront remains a privately owned company, and as such it is not obliged to publish its financial results online. Research did not identify any reference to the Company’s recent revenue figures.


Chapter 71 – TRIPS, SPECIAL EVENTS, ENTERTAINMENT & REUNIONS
Family Camping trips:
Fish Lake by Zion’s Canyon - when we went with our family (Shellie, Roy & family went also). We had never been to Fish Lake, but heard it had beautiful campgrounds and a beautiful lake. I’m not sure if it is the same Fish Lake that we go to now with Sandi & Nick. If it was, we missed the campgrounds and ended up in some mountains north of the lake and it was not very pretty and not a good camp site, but we had fun anyway. I don’t think we even went to the lake as we didn’t have a boat at that time. One day we found a skunk in camp, so we all took off for a walk hoping that when we got back, it would be gone. We had mice climbing all over in our tent trailer at night, so that wasn’t fun. Ken and I had to go into the nearest town to get some Decon to kill the mice. We took some of the kids and their spouses in the back of our truck to the narrows at Zion’s Canyon. They had a fun time. We watched the grandchildren. We didn’t have a desire to go to Fish Lake again until Nick wanted us to go there. We are glad he did as we have loved it, it wasn’t the same Fish Lake.
Betsy Browning, Ken’s nephew, Devin’s wife, loves Family History. She has put in so much time, and has done so much for the Browning lines and her lines. There is a park, west of the train via dock, where she was able to get the original Steven Abiel Browning’s home (Ken’s grandfather) and put it in this park. She told us about all the interesting things there and how beautiful it is. She takes people on tours there, so we set it up for her to take our family on a tour there. I should have written this down earlier as I don’t remember how many of our family went. It seems like David’s, Scott’s and Jeff’s families went. We went on a Saturday and took our lunch. It was beautiful there with lots of tall trees. There was an Indian village with the teepees and clothes they wore and items they used. I think we all enjoyed the time we spent there.
Events at Tabernacle and Conference Center in Salt Lake – with Clarks, Roy & Linda, Family. Our good friends, Green & Kathleen Clark went with us to a Christmas Concert at the Conference Center and afterwards we walked around the temple grounds to see the beautiful Christmas lights. We also did that with Ken’s brother, Roy, and his wife, Linda one year when they were up visiting from California where they live.
Old Folk’s Sociable – each March in Grantsville. Sandi & girls usually performed in the programs – dancing (clogging) & Chelci singing. They have great programs, dinners, dances & great decorations throughout the high school. Sandi usually had her art work displayed. They also had car shows. We love to go to these.
Hale’s Theatre – We had season tickets one year to their plays, plus we have gone other times. For several years to celebrate Ken & Irven’s birthdays (which are only 3 days apart), us two couples would go to dinner and then to a play at Hale’s Theatre
REUNIONS:
Hill Reunions (Ken’s family) These were usually held in the canyon above Victor, Idaho. Each family had their own campsite, but there was a big area with logs around a fire pit where we met for our campfire programs. They usually asked me or Jackie to lead them in some songs and Ken’s mom and her siblings would tell memories of growing up with their parents. Sometimes they had a talent night around the campfire and I remember Uncle Irven & Aunt Bernice doing “Hole in the Bucket, Dear Lisa, Dear Lisa”. They were dressed up in hill billy clothes and Uncle Irven had a bucket with a hole in it. I remember Uncle Albert telling stories. We always enjoyed being together and Ken and his cousins were glad to see each other again as they had grown up together and stayed at each other’s homes during the summers.
Browning Reunions – The first Browning reunion that I went to was held shortly after Ken and I were married and was held at the park in Pocatello, Idaho. These first reunions were the Steven Abiel Browning Reunion (Ken’s grandfather, who he never knew in this life, Charles’s father) When we got there, dad Browning’s children, from his first marriage were all there with their families and Cleo came up to me and gave me a hug and said “Welcome to our family, Mae.” He was old enough to be my father, but here he was Ken’s half-brother. Dad Browning’s children from his first marriage are Geneva whose husband was Clyde. Geneva was about the same age as Margaret, Charles’s second wife and Ken’s mother. Cleo was the next oldest and his wife was Norma. Florence, they called her Floss and her husband Keith, and Richard, everyone calls him “Rich” and Lois. Rich and Lois are the ones we have been close with, but the others are all wonderful people who have raised wonderful families. They have all both since passed away, except Lois, as I am writing this in 2013. Anyway, we had a great time getting acquainted. It was just an afternoon reunion. We all brought food and shared it and we took family pictures. Ken’s sister, Margaret, had gone to the restroom at the park and no one realized she was missing when we took the pictures and when she came back and found out we had already taken the pictures without her, she was very upset and went off by herself. Ken’s mom ran to her, but she couldn’t be consoled and thought we had done it on purpose. Why would anyone do that.
We had other Browning Reunions held at the park in Pocatello. I don’t remember a lot about those other than Ken’s second cousin, Kay browning and his wife were there. They are great people and they live in Sunset. He was an Allstate Insurance salesman. .Also, there were those I did know which were Rich, Lois & their family, Roy, Linda & their family, Irven, Sandy & their family and our family.
Charles Browning Reunions - We hosted a Browning Reunion at our home when we lived in Firth, Idaho as we had five acres there so there was plenty of room for tents, etc. We played relay games, and other games, had lots of activities for everyone, good food, and lots of visiting. Irven & Sandy hosted one at their home in Goshen also. We didn’t have them for a couple of years and then Irven & Sandy hosted one up a canyon in Salt Lake, I believe. Lots of the family came. That’s the time I mainly grew to know Larry, Ken’s nephew, who is older than Ken. He is Cleo & Norma’s son. Ken said that one time he was with Larry and they ran into Larry’s friends and Larry introduced Ken to them as his “Uncle Ken” and he was much younger and smaller than they were. He said he was embarrassed. Again, we had lots of good food, visiting and evening programs around the campfire.
The next three or more years, the reunions were held at Ken’s niece, Carla and her husband, Craig’s home in Victor as they had a large home with huge lawns. Most of us came on Friday night, stayed the night either in their home or in tents on their lawn and the next day was filled with good food, laughter, visiting, games, etc. It’s always good to be with family. We haven’t had a Browning Reunion since that time. Irven & Sandy were talking to their daughter, Christine, and she knew of an area where we could have one, but she was too busy this year and so were all of us, so we didn’t have one. Linda cornered David this summer and asked if he would head one up. He said everyone would have to help him.
BUSHNELL REUNIONS:
My mother was the first of her family to get a reunion going for her parents and Mom’s siblings and their families, a Bushnell Reunion. I remember helping her with it and we held it at the Sunset Park, just below Mom & Dad’s property in Sunset, Utah. The family came on Friday and part stayed with Uncle June & Aunt Marilyn in Bountiful, some stayed with Grandpa and Grandma Bushnell and some stayed at our home. The next day was spent at the park with good food, games and activities and a talent show in the evening. After church we had a great meal and then we had family pictures.
The family decided to hold the reunions every three years. Since Mom is the oldest of Grandpa & Grandma’s children and she held the first reunion, they decided to go to the next oldest, which was Uncle Elmo and his family would do the reunion in three years. It was held in Tropic at the park. Many brought tents and were able to pitch the tents on the lawn at the park. They had a log building at the park and we held some of our activities there. One that this family added was a family auction, where every family was supposed to make at least one or more items to sell at the auction and the money would be used to help with reunions. Koye and Keela helped their parents. We all had lots of fun.
Uncle Van was a professor at the college in Cedar City and the college owned property and a lodge up Cedar Canyon. The faculty were able to reserve it, so that is where we held most of our Bushnell Reunions after that until it was our turn again. Uncle Farrell had passed away and Aunt Joyce, his wife, didn’t want the responsibility of doing a Bushnell Reunion, so it skipped to Aunt Joy and their family held it there at the lodge in Cedar Canyon. Uncle Van’s family was the host family for the next reunion and of course, he held it there. It had plenty of space for RV’s, tent trailers, tents and the lodge had a nice large room with a fireplace, a kitchen, bathrooms and a few bedrooms – some downstairs and some upstairs, so that generation stayed in the lodge.  We had the same things as the other reunions with the auction, talent show and other activities and good food. I think Uncle Van had some of the meals catered. I know he did at the later reunion they were over and held there. Jeff, Chad & Brady were just little guys at that reunion and we have a cute picture of the three of them together as they came back from climbing partway up the mountain.
Uncle June’s family helped our family put on one reunion and we added colored T shirts. A different color for each family and it said, “Bushnell Reunion” and the date on the back of the shirts. Uncle June’s family was over the T shirts and helped us with other activities, especially the auction. That’s the only reunion I remember Uncle June’s family doing. They were planning on doing one six years ago, but they were going to do it together with Uncle Farrell’s family. Aunt Joyce had passed away and so had Dwaite, their only son, but Pat & Bonnie said they would do it. The two families had problems as Uncle June’s family, Paula & Nancy mainly, wanted to have it in Idaho, but Pat & Bonnie wanted to hold it in Meadow at the park and church there. I guess Paula & Nancy became so upset about it, that they just said to themselves, then let them do it themselves and they didn’t come to the reunion, none of Uncle June’s family did. Uncle June had passed away by this time too. Pat & Bonnie hosted the reunion in Meadow. They had wonderful meals with a big breakfast like Uncle Van and everyone likes. They changed things some, they had Uncle Van take us on a tour to the white sands and the warms springs where Mom and all her siblings were baptized. She had Uncle Van and Aunt Joy tell us about their lives and what they did here in Meadow as they were growing up. They then turned it over to all of us if any of us wanted to tell memories of being with grandpa and grandma. We did have a wonderful time and they did a great job of hosting it, but we all felt bad about the problem and that Uncle June’s family didn’t attend. I don’t think they attended the one which Keela hosted in 2009 either, so Uncle Van asked me if our family could host the next reunion and they would do the following one. He asked me if I would make a special effort to get Uncle June’s family to our reunion including Uncle June children from his first marriage – Danny & Kristy’s family. Danny had passed away recently with a heart attack, so I called his wife, Ann and talked to her. She was nice, but said they wouldn’t be coming. There are problems with that family as Danny & Kristy were not included in Uncle June’s will and Danny was very close to his dad and would visit him often, yet his second wife’s children – Paula & Nancy and his children by his second wife, Steve & Jana, got everything. This was very hard on Danny and also his sister Kristy. They and their families don’t want anything to do with the other family now. I think that is so sad. I don’t know why Uncle June didn’t include Danny & Kristy. I guess Uncle June has had to face Danny now that they are both dead.
Mom was still alive when it was our turn to put on another Bushnell Reunion. We decided to have it up our way since it had been down in Southern Utah for several times. Mom knew a lady who had a ranch up past Huntsville. They rented it out for family reunions I helped Mom a lot with this reunion. She got the place and helped me plan some of it, but I was mainly in charge and felt the responsibility of it. Ken, Mom and I went up to the ranch to look at it and I was excited as there was plenty of room for RV’s, trailers, tent trailers, tents, etc. It had a covered cooking area with grills, etc. It had a pond with canoes. It had corrals where we could have a children’s rodeo. They had a large covered pavilion where we ate and visited, and Sandi taught line dancing to most of us and the older ones sat around and watched. It had a huge shade tent where we visited, and had programs. I was able to contact a man who belonged to a group which loved Mountain Men, so they had the costumes, rifles, etc. and he came and demonstrated everything including Indian memorabilia. He told us all about the Mountain Men. He was very good. The couple told us that he could take whoever wanted on a wagon pulled by horses, up the mountain and around the ranch. I contacted all my aunts, uncles & cousins and asked them to write a paragraph or a page telling about their family and send it to me as I was making a book with all this information and I added camp and other old songs for us to sing, histories of Grandpa and Grandma, etc. We did a Dutch Oven Dinner for the Saturday night meal. Sandi was still married to Dave at that time and he is great cooking Dutch oven meals, so he was a big help. Sandi was right there alongside him doing tons too. All our family helped with the meals and other assignments I gave them. I was worried about one main thing and that was if it rained, it would wash out the dirt road leading up to the ranch as it was up a hill. We kept praying for good weather for the reunion and it was. I was very grateful. The reunion was a success and everyone had a great time. I was glad, but relieved that it was over as it had been a lot of work and worry.
Bushnell Reunion in August of 2009 – Uncle Van asked Keela if she would host this reunion so since her and Pete own the Trail Canyon Rides into Grand Canyon, Zion’s and Bryce’s Canyon and have land to raise the feed for the horses and mules, she decided to have the reunion on that land. They had built a nice, large barn, cabins and a nice grassy area for volleyball, etc. The barn has a stage and tables all around the outside with chairs, so the chairs can be moved into the center for people when entertainment and programs are being presented on the stage. Keela has decorated the barn so cute with even a buggy hung up above the stage. She has red and white checkered tablecloths on the tables. They have 25 cute log cabins with porches. They built all these as they have people from all around the world come here and stay for a week and each day they take them to different trail rides, then bring them back for wonderful catered dinners and entertainment. She did a great job hosting this reunion and gave family members free rides into Bryce Canyon. She had crafts, games, wonderful meals, etc. We had a wonderful three-day reunion. The only ones from our family who went were Ken and I, Sandi & Nick and David, Shauna and their family. We all had a great time.
Bushnell Reunion in August of 2012 – The Glendon Porter Family were to host this reunion, so me and my siblings and spouses were in charge of it. Keela had told me at the last reunion that if we wanted, we could come to Tropic again and have it on her & Pete’s land. I was excited as that is one of the main hard things is finding a place to accommodate that many people. My siblings, spouses, Ken and I get together every three months and have dinner, play games, visit, etc. We take turns hosting it. With this reunion coming up, we spent most of a year planning and preparing for it.
Since I am the oldest, my siblings expect me to take the lead so I did a lot of planning and making handouts, with my ideas, prior to us getting together for our Siblings & Spouse Get-to-gathers, which we do every three months. We take turns hosting it. After our dinner, we would spend the time making plans for the reunion. They appreciated all the work I had gone to in preparing for it.
I gave them all a category to choose from. Deanna & Bryce choose the children’s activities. Kim & Jeanenne choose the youth & adult activities. Georgia & Rick choose the night activities and Sunday Meeting, and me and Ken had the meals. I asked Terry, who lives in Alaska, if he would also help us by getting the e-mail & other addresses and getting the information sent out advertising the reunion and encouraging everyone to come. I got him the addresses that I had. He did a fantastic job and I was sure grateful to him for doing this. Georgia & Rick with the suggestions of all of us choose to have a family dance for Friday night and a Talent night for Saturday night. We all worked hard, and it turned out great. I did a lot of pricing for the foods to get the best deals for the food we would need. So when we packed up our camper, we went to Costco, Winco, Macey’s, and the Hostess thrift store.
Keela and Crystal (her daughter in charge of the trail rides) still wanted to give the family free three-hour rides into Bryce Canyon, which was special of them. Volleyball was a hit and that was going a lot of the time. The meals turned out great, with all my siblings & spouses helping. I gave them all special assignments. Other family members helped too, which was great!
We had 150 in attendance. I was praying that it wouldn’t rain during the time of the reunion, and it didn’t. It started raining as we were cleaning and packing up to go home.
We had most of our family come for this reunion, so we had great support. Sandi, Nick and Sandi’s daughters, JaNae, Chelci and their husbands and children came. I think Nick’s son, Logan, came also. Shellie, Roy and Jase came. Quint & Kevis have jobs so they didn’t come. Scott, Mishelle and their children came as well as Jeff, Gail and their children. David, Shauna and their family didn’t come this time as David is doing his internship for medical school. August isn’t a good time for Mike as he is principal of Orem High and he is in meetings usually starting the first of August, so they didn’t come.
Robinson Reunions in California, Arizona & Idaho. These were large reunions. They were several generation reunions. The main families lived in California, Arizona and Idaho. The first one that I remember going to was held at Max Inn at Island Park. We all camped in the campgrounds or stayed at the Max Inn cabins. Elder LaGrande Richards of the quorum of the twelve apostles is my dad’s second cousin and dad were able to get him to perform Ken & my marriage ceremony at the Salt Lake Temple. He always came to the Robinson Reunions and at the Sunday Meeting, he would always speak. Everyone loved to listen to Elder LaGrande because he told such great stories. In conference, when it was time for the speakers to stop, a little red light would come on, on the pulpit. I remember him saying “I think this little red light is trying to tell me that my time is up, but I have one more story to tell you.” Everyone would laugh, but be excited to hear another of his stories. They were great spiritual experiences. At the close of his talks at the reunions, he would tell us that he didn’t know if he would be around for the next reunion, but he was. He was getting up in years. They had paddle boats which you could rent and use on the river which was close by Max Inn. We didn’t go to the one in California, but we did to the one in Arizona. It was held in the White Mountains area, up where Roy, Shellie’s husband, is from. It is much cooler up there. They had a rodeo, lots of activities, great food. I remember all the good corn on the cob, watermelon, etc. At the last Robinson Reunion that I remember them holding, was held again at Max Inn. We were living with Ken’s Mom in Layton at that time and Shellie was working at Max Inn as a waitress and also in our friend from Firth’s gift shop. She was earning money to go on the “Studies Abroad Program to Israel” which was at the new Jerusalem Center. She was able to go with us to the reunion and again Elder LaGrande spoke and everyone was thankful he was still around to be able to speak to us again.
Swallow Reunions held in Meadow – I’m not sure how many Swallow Reunions they have held, but the one I remember was after dad had passed away and Mom really wanted to go to see her Aunt Lara and Aunt Noreen and her cousins. These reunions were held in Meadow and dad had passed away, so Bryce and I were able to take her. Georgia and Kim were not able to nor, nor were our spouses, but we had a great time visiting as we drove down and back and it was fun to see how happy it made mom to see her relatives on this side of the family again. We took pictures of her with them. It was just a Saturday Afternoon reunion held at the church. They had a good dinner and program.
Clark Reunions – usually held in Farmington, Utah in the old historic rock chapel. It was the first chapel in Farmington when the Clarks, my great, great grandfather, Ezra T and his family settled Farmington. That is the same chapel where the first primary was organized with ???? as the president and my grandmother, Mary Elizabeth Robinson (May) was one of her secretaries. We still have a letter she wrote to May expressing her sympathy when May’s mother passed away. These reunions were well attended, and they had lots of delicious food too and wonderful programs. They were just Saturday afternoon reunions as well. I remember my dad introducing me to his cousins and saying, “This is my daughter, Iva Mae, and she is 40 years old.” After this happening 2 or 3 times, I said to dad “You can introduce me to your relatives, but you don’t have to tell them how old I am.” He replied that I should be thankful that I am as old as I am that he was 71 and he was thankful he was that old.” Now that I am 72, I am thankful that I am as old as I am also.
Porter Reunions (Sanford – usually in Porterville at the church and adjoining park there. The first ones I remember going to were great, with lots of people attending. They had wonderful food with Sloppy Joes, chips, lots of corn on the cob, watermelon & cantaloupe, sliced tomatoes, cucumbers and lots of delicious salads and desserts. This reunion seemed to dwindle down until few were coming. My brother, Kim, lives in Morgan and they nominated him for President for the next year. He did and tried hard to get more people coming.
Kim asked me to and Aunt Beth to tell our experiences of writing the Byron Porter books. I did the first one and she did the second one which had more of the Porter ancestors.
He had a 5K run, but few participants. He even went to the work of getting T shirts for each to wear and prizes for the winners. He asked Ken and I and Georgia and Rick to help him by being at different stops along the way to give them cold water and encouragement. We had good food, Jeanenne had made lots of barbecue and they had lots left over. Everyone was to bring salads or desserts. Kim had gotten lots of watermelons. When it came time to nominate a new president for the next reunion, no one would accept the nomination, so they asked Kim to take it another year. He ended up taking it 3 or 4 consecutive years and now they are on their mission so there wasn’t one this year and I doubt if it ever happens again. The older generation has passed away and the young ones don’t know all the people and they don’t want the responsibility of taking it on.
Byron Porter Reunions held at the West Point Park in early years & later at Layton Park & Surf & Swim
Uncle Dale was the one who first started these reunions and he held them at the West Point Park which was just across the street from his home. It was a Saturday afternoon reunion also. We had good food which everyone helped with. We had a short program, some played volleyball or softball while the younger children played at the playground and the older ones sat in lawn chairs and visited. Uncle Verle and Aunt Beth held these reunions at their home in West Point a couple of times also. They had lots of acreage and a large old home. I remember standing around the piano singing with Georgia and my cousins, mainly girls, while Jeannie, my cousin who is Georgia’s age, played the piano. They had a children’s pool for the young ones to play in, they had volleyball, etc., and lots of good food. Aunt Beth is a great cook and makes lots of yummy desserts. Later, Uncle Dale was able to rent the Layton Pavilion at the Layton Park and the Surf & Swim. He paid for it. We rotated family turns to host it and reserve the Pavilion and Surf & Swim, but the money always came from him and still does even after his death. He told his kids that he would like this reunion to continue here at the Layton Park & Surf & Swim as we have lots who come even though many of the later generations don’t know each other; they bring their families as they can swim free and have a great meal. Many sat with their parents and grandparents; we do too, but us older generation love to visit with our cousins. We are the older generation now; our parents have all passed away. They were all great people, Grandpa and Grandma Porter raised a wonderful, righteous, humble family. They were all great examples and so were their spouses. Aunt Beth was the last to go, and she was a “jewel”. She was a special aunt and one of Heavenly Father’s choosiest daughters. It was the Glendon Porter Family’s turn to host it when we went on our mission to California, but I was able to arrange with my cousin, Diane, for the checks to reserve the Pavilion and Surf & Swim for that reunion and had Scott take it and reserve it, since he lives in Layton and you have to be a resident of Layton to get it for that price. It is our turn again. Wow! Aunt Merlyn’s family has never taken a turn and her two daughters hardly ever came. LaDean, the oldest, has passed away so there is only Lois. But this next year, it will only be Bryce and I and our spouses and families to do it since Kim and Jeanenne and Georgia & Rick will be on their missions and Terry & Angela are still in Alaska.
Glendon Porter Reunions –usually held at Georgia & Rick’s home. Georgia & Rick have a beautiful large home with a large back yard. It has playground equipment and a trampoline, not only for their grandchildren, but she taught pre-school for several years and needed these for her students. They also had volleyball standards, net & ball, so they would invite all the Glendon Porter Family one afternoon/evening in the summers. Samantha (Cindy’s daughter) would usually come also. Her adopted father, Bryon Dugan would bring her and they would stay with Georgia and the rest of us for a few days. Now that Samantha is in college, she comes by herself or with her boyfriend. Georgia finally quit having them at her home as the family had grown so large and some of the children were destroying her pre-school equipment or other items, plus tracking dirt throughout the house. She said that after everyone had gone, she would go into her the room where she held her pre-school and it would be a mess. The parents hadn’t checked and had their children clean it up. The same thing was true of the Christmas parties she had for all the family, so they finally discontinued too.
After a couple of years, I decided we needed to have another one and I had heard of the Heber Valley Campgrounds, which the church owns. They have it for a Young Women’s camp, but on the weekends, families can reserve it for family reunions. I was able to get it for a Friday night and Saturday. Georgia helped me plan it and we contacted all the family. Bryce & Deanna were on their mission to Spain, but their children acted excited as did everyone else. I did a lot of planning and preparing, Georgia & our husbands helped too and we were disappointed that we didn’t have more come to it. It is a beautiful camp with cabins, large pavilion with lots of tables with benches. There was a room at each side of the pavilion which has shelves, a fridge and grills. They have a campfire area with lots of logs around it, they had a volleyball court and a small lake with paddle boats & canoes on which we could use. They have a camp host who looks after the camp. We had good meals and those who came had a wonderful time. Chad & his wife some of the others didn’t come up until Saturday afternoon. Nolan & Brandy came Friday night along with some of our family, some of Georgia’s family and I can’t remember whether any more of Bryce’s family or Kim’s family came. I just know that for all the work and worry, I didn’t know whether it was worth it for the few that came. I wasn’t eager to do it again.
GLENDON PORTER FAMILY REUNION
(Same one as above)
Dear Family, (Year that Bryce & Deanna were on their mission)
Well, the time is about here for our Glendon Porter Reunion at Heber Valley Campgrounds on July 27th & 28th. Our campground area is “Sarah, Site 1”. We have 4 cabins in our camp site so room for 64 people. At last count, we will only have 48 at max.
Mae’s family - I think we have 20 coming from our family - us, Mike, David & Jeff and families. Scott isn’t sure, but hopefully they can come. From Bryce’s family, Nolan and Chad and their families are the only ones able to come.
Terry’s family - Meliah and family have been in Alaska with Terry, Angela and their family since the beginning of June, but she was excited about this reunion and didn’t want to miss it so they are flying home on the 266h so they can be with us.
From Georgia’s family, they plan on 10 – Georgia & Rick, Kristy, Brian & family and Nathan & Jessica.
Kim Byron and Jeanenne will be there with Mysha and Kolessee.
Facilities - we have nice restrooms in our camp site with hot water, flushing toilets & showers. We have a nice eating pavilion with tables & benches, grills, fridge, sinks, etc.
Dinner on Friday night - we plan to eat our Friday evening meal at 5 pm. Remember, we have asked each family to bring either a salad or desert. If we have leftovers, we can finish them off with our Hogies for our Saturday afternoon meal.
Campfire program on Friday night will start at 7 pm - Remember to come prepared to have either a talent from your family or someone to give a memory they have of Grandpa or Grandma Porter or both. The camp site has logs around the fire area, but the adults might want to bring lawn chairs to sit in. We can do some campfire singing also and after the closing prayer, those who want to might stay and roast marshmallows & visit. If you have roasting sticks, bring them.
Breakfast - we will have breakfast of pancakes, bacon, eggs, juice & milk at 10 am. Since we have to be out by 5 pm, we felt it would be best to have a late breakfast and an early dinner at 3:00 pm. If your children will have trouble waiting until 10, you might want to bring them something to tide them over.
Dinner - we will have Hogies, chips, veggie trays & leftover salads, deserts & watermelon for our 3 pm meal.
Activities – they have a volleyball court in our area. We will have games for the younger children and some board & card games for youth & adults. The camp also does challenge courses. You could make reservations for these in advance.
Cost – the cost for the camp site was $160.00 so it will cost each family $12.00. We don’t have the cost of the food yet, but it shouldn’t be too expensive since we are having simple meals and you are bringing salads & deserts.
Drinks & snacks – If you want additional drinks or snacks for your family, feel free to bring them.
Directions to Heber Valley Campgrounds & Sarah, Site #1 – I am enclosing the map & directions.
Well, that is all I can think of, but if you have other questions you can respond back to this e-mail or call me at<PHONE_NUMBER> or my cell phone is<PHONE_NUMBER> & Ken’s is 499-6987, or you can visit the web site at www.hebervalleycamp.org
With Love,
Mae
We didn’t have as many come, as we had hoped for and some came and went or came really late, so I was discouraged as I had gone to a lot of work in planning and preparing for this reunion. I haven’t been excited to do it again.
BYRON PORTER REUNION
(Glendon Porter Family hosting)
Ø WELCOME EVERYONE TO REUNION
Ø MENTION THAT AFTER OUR MEAL, MAE HAS JUST A FEW WORDS TO SAY FROM BYRON AND MARY ELIZABETH, OUR GRANDPARENT’S, HISTORIES. MAE WILL ONLY TAKE ABOUT 5 MINUTES OR LESS, SO WE WOULD APPRECIATE EVERYONE STICKING AROUND AFTER EATING UNTIL SHE IS FINISHED.
AFTERWARDS ANYONE WANTING TO PLAY VOLLEYBALL UNTIL TIME FOR SWIMMING, MAY DO SO. PLAYGROUND FOR CHILDREN, AND VISITING FOR OTHERS. SWIMMING AT THE SURF & SWIM IS FROM 7 PM TO 10 PM. UNCLE DALE HAS AGAIN PROVIDED THE MONEY FOR THIS REUNION. WE ARE GRATEFUL TO HIM AND AUNT ESTHER.
Ken and I held a Glendon Porter Family Reunion in our big backyard in September of 2012. Everyone thought I was crazy to do it especially since we had been so busy with the Bushnell Reunion and had just held it in August, but this was just an afternoon/evening reunion, so it wasn’t very hard. We put up our big shad tent and we had everyone bring their own meat to grill and then a salad, dessert or vegetable or fruit tray. We played volleyball, corn hole, some of the children played on our playground plane or tree swing and some went over to the park. We enjoyed visiting and being together. It turned out great!


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JANA2
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JException is a data object which attaches JANA-specific context information to a generic exception. More...
#include <JException.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| JException (std::string message="Unknown exception") | |
| Basic constructor. | |
| template<typename... Args> | |
| JException (std::string message, Args...args) | |
| Constructor with printf-style formatting. More... | |
| std::string | GetMessage () |
| const char * | what () const noexcept |
Public Attributes | |
| std::string | message |
| std::string | plugin_name |
| std::string | component_name |
| std::string | factory_name |
| std::string | factory_tag |
| std::string | stacktrace |
| std::exception_ptr | nested_exception |
Friends | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &os, JException const &ex) |
| Convenience method for formatting complete error data. | |
JException is a data object which attaches JANA-specific context information to a generic exception.
As it unwinds the call stack, different exception handlers may add or change information as they see fit. It does not use getters and setters, because they are not needed, because there is no invariant.
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explicit |
Constructor with printf-style formatting.
Constructor with convenient printf-style formatting.
Uses variadic templates (although it is slightly overkill) because variadic functions are frowned on now.


3D Stencil on Acrylic Sheets
For this project I designed a stencil based on Hokusai's "The Great Wave of Kanagawa" - a rather well known piece of art.
Using open source image editors such as GIMP and Inkscape, I converted the original piece into 4 colors only and adjusted the image so that it would be suitable for cutting out.
There was a slight mechanical aspect involved dealing with making a 3D "canvas". The idea that led me to paint on acrylic panels was that I could layer them such that it would give the painting more depth. In order to do this I simply cut 4 sheets of acrylic to the appropriate size and cut holes in the corners so that rods could go through them. All of this was done with the laser cutter at my school. Steel rods were used to align the sheets together, along with acylic spacers to insert space between the sheets.
I painted one layer per panel and then layed all the panels and spacers from the bottom (back) up. I used a small amount of acrylic glue to bond the spacers and panels so that the entire frame was firm. The rods were slotted through the panels and the spacers and ensured that everything was lined up
All in all, I am quite happy with the end result. The colors are bright and pop out really well in lit environments. Furthermore, I think my desired effect of depth was achieved and that the stencil turned out great! If I were to do a similar project again, I would take the time to mill down the acrylic sheet edges, as the laser cutter resulted in a lot of slop.


WITNESS LIST Public Health Committee May 9, 2003-8:00A HB 2834 For: Baumbach, Kathy (Association of Surgical Technologists) Kamm, Bob (Assoc of Surgical Technologists) Against: Wall, Matt (Texas Hospital Association) Willmann, James (Texas Nurses Association) SB 381 On: Jakovich, Derek (Texas Department of Health) Tennyson, Susan (TDH) SB 594 Against: Wall, Matt (Texas Hospital Association) On: Stearman, Nance (Texas Department of Health) SB 864 For: Baker Boluc, Marianne (Central Texas Healthy Mothers Health Babies Coalition) Riddering, Hannah (Self and Texas National Organization for Women) Rourke, Janet (Central Texas Healthy Mothers Health Babies Coalition) Wislon-Clay, Barbara (Central Texas Healthy Mothers/Healthy Babies) On: McDermott, Chan (Texas Department of Health) SB 1131 For: Welsh, Dinah (Texas Hospital Association) SB 1571 For: Morgan, Gary (Dental Laboratory Association of Texas) On: Schmidt MED, Bobby (Texas State Board of Dental Examiners)


Contains functions that lets you fit dynamic hazard models using state space models. The first implemented model is described in Fahrmeir (1992) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1992.10475232> and Fahrmeir (1994) <doi:10.1093/biomet/81.2.317>. Extensions hereof are available where the Extended Kalman filter is replaced by an unscented Kalman filter and other options including particle filters. The implemented particle filters support more general state space models.
| Version: | 0.6.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.3.0), stats, graphics, utils, survival |
| Imports: | parallel, Rcpp (≥ 0.12.6), boot |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp, RcppArmadillo |
| Suggests: | testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, timereg, captioner, biglm, httr, mgcv, shiny, formatR, R.rsp, speedglm, dichromat, colorspace, plyr, gsl, mvtnorm |
| Published: | 2018-10-22 |
| Author: | Benjamin Christoffersen [cre, aut], Alan Miller [cph], Anthony Williams [cph], Boost developers [cph], R-core [cph] |
| Maintainer: | Benjamin Christoffersen <boennecd at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/boennecd/dynamichazard/issues |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| URL: | https://github.com/boennecd/dynamichazard |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| SystemRequirements: | C++11 |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| In views: | Survival |
| CRAN checks: | dynamichazard results |
| Reference manual: | dynamichazard.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Comparing methods for time varying logistic models Diagnostics ddhazard Bootstrap illustration Particle filters in the dynamichazard package |
| Package source: | dynamichazard_0.6.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: dynamichazard_0.6.1.zip, r-release: dynamichazard_0.6.1.zip, r-oldrel: dynamichazard_0.6.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: dynamichazard_0.6.1.tgz, r-oldrel: dynamichazard_0.6.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | dynamichazard archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dynamichazard to link to this page.


[%settitle Resource Index%]
[%file newheader%] [%file newnavbar%]Some of the SDC transactions make use of patient-specific information. Even those that merely retrieve empty forms could be abused by malicious actors to corrupt the form - resulting in the potential subsequent exposure of patient data. For this reason, all SDC transactions must be appropriately secured with access limited to authorized individuals, data protected while in transit and appropriate audit measures taken.
Implementers should be aware of the security considerations associated with FHIR transactions, particularly those related to:
For the purposes of SDC, security conformance rules are as follows:
Secure Channel
When transmitting PHI (Personally Identifiable Healthcare Information) or other confidential information over an unsecured channel, systems SHALL use TLS or other equivalent secure transport protocols (determined to be sufficient through risk analysis) to provide a secure channel
In some cases, the recipient of a completed QuestionnaireResponse may require that the response
be accompanied by a Provenance or, more rarely an AuditEvent
as part of a single unit of work. (Audit is typically managed by the server and client locally or by a shared service that does not store the
clinical information.) This can be accomplished by mechanisms outside the scope of this implementation guide by using
FHIR messages or FHIR documents. However, within the scope of
this implementation guide, this is accomplished in pseudo-RESTful fashion using the
Transaction
mechanism. Regardless of means, the Provenance and/or AuditEvent event point to the QuestionnaireResponse by full version-specific URL using the
Provenance.entity.reference
and AuditEvent.object.reference
elements.
The SDC workflow envisions the sharing of patient-identifiable healthcare information from SDC Form Filler systems to SDC Form Manager. It also envisions transmitting completed forms from SDC Form Filler to SDC Form Receiver systems. Where such exchanges take place across organizational or other custodial boundaries, patient consent may be required. Furthermore, use of C-CDA data for completing questionnaires for purposes unrelated to the initial population of the C-CDA may also require patient consent. It is the responsibility of the client systems to ensure that any necessary consent records exist and are reviewed prior to each exchange of patient-identifiable healthcare information. This verification should be logged in the same manner as other transactions, as discussed above under General Security Considerations.
When communicating RESTfully, AuditEvent and Provenance resources are typically submitted separately from the resource versions they're manipulating. This is for a couple of reasons:
In environments where the submission of audit and/or provenance information must be performed as part of a single unit of work, this should be done using transaction. Provenance information can be retrieved along with a QuestionnaireResponse using the _revinclude query parameter.


---
layout: default
title: Everything about me
header_keywords_abstract : false
header : simple_header
one_sentence: The best way to have a good idea is to have lots of ideas
header_image: me.JPG
keywords:
- Basic Information
- Population Genetics
- Regulatory Genomics
anchors:
- a1
- a2
- a3
liyc_array: ['a','b','c']
---
Research Interest
Population Genetics
The field of population genetics are broad. I'm interested in studying the causes and consequences of genetic variants.
It involves reconstructing the human genome, eQTL and QTL and its influence on gene regulation. The topics I am currently working on is:
The First Draft of Native American Genome
[Abstract]: The Native American has evolved for more than 15,000 years in the continent of America, yet no Native American Genome has been inferred. Here we take the advantage of existing human genetic variation data to reconstruction the Native American Genome. Our result has implications in both medical research and genetic ancestral test.
The Allocation of Ancestral SNPs in Human Genome
[Abstract]: A Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a DNA sequence variation occurring at a single nucleotide position, for example, both G and A could occur at the same genomic position. According to coalescence theory, one SNP is the ancestral SNP and the others is derived SNP. Here we are using 1000 genome data, Neanderthal genome, Gorilla genome and inferred ancestral mammalian genome to allocate the ancestral SNPs in the human genome. Our result has implications in both medical research and genetic ancestral test.
Genome geography based on Ancestral Informative SNPs
[Abstract]: Ancestral Informative SNP (AISNP) is defined to guide the genetic ancestral test. More often, a set of AISNPs is unique to a particular population. Using this idea, we could divide genome into different segments such that each segment is unique to a particular race, and we name such genome as genome geography (GG). Note: both AISNP and GG are not my idea.
Regulatory genomics
Identification of response predictor
Every cell line is regarded as a patient. Since each patient response differently to each drug, we will try to find the good response predictor using just a few genomic features.
A response predictor is a set of features that could tell us whether this drug is a good treatment of this patient.
 No single omic feature could explain the whole picture of the differential gene expression profile in breast cancer.
- Comparing cell line-cell line with no stimulus
- Comparing case-control within on cell line
Systematical discovering target genes of Enhancers
Systematical identification and annotation of lncRNA
Last Modified Time:


COBOL is mostly dead. However, there was a time when it was alive and well, and due to this there is a plethora of libraries available for it. Necropolis (a city of the dead) is a package manager to help with the installation and management of COBOL libraries.
The Necropolis client is written in Go and the backend is written in Node.js


{% extends "index.html" %} {% block mobile_content %}
Add a tip for [driver.name]!
Your trip was [trip.price].


100$ - 200$
Depending on Size and other priorities asked by you.
300$ - 400$
Depending on Size and other priorities asked by you.
500$ - 700$
Depending on Size and other priorities asked by you.
500$
The price is fixed as the whole truck has to travel anyways.
400$
The price is fixed as the whole truck has to travel anyways.
200$
The price is fixed as the whole truck has to travel anyways.
$1,900-$23,000.
The price depends on the load of the container.


WITNESS LIST Jurisprudence Committee November 5, 2001 - 1:00P Charge 1 ON: Dawson, Professor Robert Law Professor (Self), Austin, TX Fabelo, Dr. Tony Executive Director (Criminal Justice Policy Council), Austin, TX Hampton, Keith (Criminal Defense Lawyers Association), Austin, TX Montague, David Assistant District Attorney (Tarrant County District Attorney's Association), Fort Worth, TX Spriggs, Vicki Executive Director (Texas Juvenile Probation System), Austin, TX Charge 2 ON: Dietz, Rod Examiner (State Comptroller of Public Accounts), Austin, TX Hawkins, Mary Auditor (State Comptroller of Public Accounts), Austin, TX Sturzl, Frank Executive Director (Texas Municipal League), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Benedict, Jerry Director (Office of Court Administration), Austin, TX Charge 3 ON: Archer, Jeff Senior Legislative Counsel (Texas Legislative Council), Austin, TX Benedict, Jerry Director (Office of Court Administration), Austin, TX Phillips, Chief Justice Tom Chief Justice (Self), Austin, TX Schraub, Judge B.B. Presiding Judge (Conference of Presiding Judges), Seguin, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Monteros, Janet Immediate Past President (Mexican American Bar of Texas), Austin, TX Charge 4 ON: Ovard, Judge John (Self), Dallas, TX Phillips, Chief Justice Tom Chief Justice (Self), Austin, TX Schraub, Judge B.B. Presiding Judge (Conference of Presiding Judges), Seguin, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Benedict, Jerry Director (Office of Court Administration), Austin, TX Elliott, Verma Project Manager (State Auditor's Office), Austin, TX Ivey, Julie (State Auditor's Office), Austin, TX Monteros, Janet Immediate Past President (Mexican American Bar of Texas), Austin, TX Stiernberg, Michael (State Auditor's Office), Austin, TX Charge 5 ON: Elliston, Randy Assistant Chief (Texas Department of Public Safety), Austin, TX


Prerequisite
Elasticsearch - FullText search engine.
Logstash - Store log data and indexing.
Get insights of input, filters and output: -
Kibana - Awesome visual dashboard.
Download ELK
Checkout Products of Elastic
Step1: Install Elasticsearch and automatically start during bootup.
Step2: Install Logstash and follow installation steps for all plugins.
Step3: Download Kibana files follow installation steps.
Complete information https://www.elastic.co/downloads
Ruby Gem
Configure the Rails environment to be monitored accordingly.
It provides an additional logger for your application in JSON format, which will be feed as input to logstash and visualised from Kibana interface.
Configure Logstash
Create a file inside Logstash directory(all plugins) which was downloaded in previous step,
quickstart.conf - set the log path of your application to be monitored.
input { file { type => "rails logs" path => "/home/Nithin/rails/project_name/log/logstasher.log" codec => json { charset => "UTF-8" } } } output { # Print each event to stdout. stdout { codec => rubydebug } elasticsearch { # Setting 'embedded' will run a real elasticsearch server inside logstash. # This option below saves you from having to run a separate process just # for ElasticSearch, so you can get started quicker! } }
logstasher.log will be your new log file created by logstasher gem.
Start Logstash and Kibana
Make sure logstash is up and running withsudo service logstash status/start
Start the configured logstash agent.bin/logstash agent -f quickstart.conf
Start Kibana for Inferface and visit <IP_ADDRESS>:5601
bin/kibana


MICE_SPKEZR returns the state (position and velocity) of
a target body relative to an observing body, optionally
corrected for light time (planetary aberration) and stellar
aberration.
Given:
targ the name of a target body. Optionally, you may supply the
integer ID code for the object as an integer string, i.e.
both 'MOON' and '301' are legitimate strings that indicate
the Moon is the target body.
The target and observer define a state vector
whose position component points from the observer
to the target.
[1,c1] = size(target); char = class(target)
or
[1,1] = size(target); cell = class(target)
et the ephemeris time(s), expressed as seconds past J2000
TDB, at which the state of the target body relative to
the observer is to be computed. 'et' refers to time at
the observer's location.
[1,n] = size(et); double = class(et)
ref the name of the reference frame relative
to which the output state vector should be
expressed. This may be any frame supported by the SPICE
system, including built-in frames (documented in the
Frames Required Reading) and frames defined by a loaded
frame kernel (FK).
When 'ref' designates a non-inertial frame, the
orientation of the frame is evaluated at an epoch
dependent on the selected aberration correction.
[1,c2] = size(ref); char = class(ref)
or
[1,1] = size(ref); cell = class(ref)
abcorr the aberration corrections to apply to the state of the
target body to account for one-way light time and stellar
aberration.
[1,c3] = size(abcorr); char = class(abcorr)
or
[1,1] = size(abcorr); cell = class(abcorr)
'abcorr' may be any of the following:
'NONE' Apply no correction. Return the
geometric state of the target
body relative to the observer.
The following values of 'abcorr' apply to the
"reception" case in which photons depart from the
target's location at the light-time corrected epoch
et-lt and *arrive* at the observer's location at
'et':
'LT' Correct for one-way light time (also
called "planetary aberration") using a
Newtonian formulation. This correction
yields the state of the target at the
moment it emitted photons arriving at
the observer at 'et'.
The light time correction uses an
iterative solution of the light time
equation (see Particulars for details).
The solution invoked by the "LT" option
uses one iteration.
'LT+S' Correct for one-way light time and
stellar aberration using a Newtonian
formulation. This option modifies the
state obtained with the "LT" option to
account for the observer's velocity
relative to the solar system
barycenter. The result is the apparent
state of the target---the position and
velocity of the target as seen by the
observer.
'CN' Converged Newtonian light time
correction. In solving the light time
equation, the "CN" correction iterates
until the solution converges (three
iterations on all supported platforms).
The "CN" correction typically does not
substantially improve accuracy because
the errors made by ignoring
relativistic effects may be larger than
the improvement afforded by obtaining
convergence of the light time solution.
The "CN" correction computation also
requires a significantly greater number
of CPU cycles than does the
one-iteration light time correction.
'CN+S' Converged Newtonian light time
and stellar aberration corrections.
The following values of 'abcorr' apply to the
"transmission" case in which photons *depart* from
the observer's location at 'et' and arrive at the
target's location at the light-time corrected epoch
et+lt:
'XLT' "Transmission" case: correct for
one-way light time using a Newtonian
formulation. This correction yields the
state of the target at the moment it
receives photons emitted from the
observer's location at 'et'.
'XLT+S' "Transmission" case: correct for
one-way light time and stellar
aberration using a Newtonian
formulation This option modifies the
state obtained with the "XLT" option to
account for the observer's velocity
relative to the solar system
barycenter. The position component of
the computed target state indicates the
direction that photons emitted from the
observer's location must be "aimed" to
hit the target.
'XCN' "Transmission" case: converged
Newtonian light time correction.
'XCN+S' "Transmission" case: converged
Newtonian light time and stellar
aberration corrections.
Neither special nor general relativistic effects are
accounted for in the aberration corrections applied
by this routine.
Neither letter case or embedded blanks are significant
in the 'abcorr' string.
obs the name of a observing body.
Optionally, you may supply the integer ID code
for the object as an integer string, i.e. both
'MOON' and '301' are legitimate strings that
indicate the Moon is the observing body.
[1,c4] = size(target); char = class(target)
or
[1,1] = size(target); cell = class(target)
the call:
starg = mice_spkezr(targ, et, ref, abcorr, obs)
returns:
starg the structure(s) containing the results of the calculation.
[1,n] = size(starg); struct = class(starg)
Each structure consists of the fields:
state the Cartesian state vector representing the
position and velocity of the target body relative
to the specified observer. 'starg' is corrected for
the specified aberrations, and is expressed with
respect to the reference frame specified by 'ref'.
The first three components of STARG represent
the x-, y- and z-components of the target's
position; the last three components form the
corresponding velocity vector.
[6,1] = size(starg(i).state)
double = class(starg(i).state)
The position component of STARG points from the
observer's location at 'et' to the
aberration-corrected location of the target.
Note that the sense of the position vector is
independent of the direction of radiation
travel implied by the aberration correction.
The velocity component of 'starg' is the derivative
with respect to time of the position component
of 'starg'.
Units are always km and km/sec.
Non-inertial frames are treated as follows:
letting LTCENT be the one-way light time between
the observer and the central body associated
with the frame, the orientation of the frame is
evaluated at et-LTCENT, et+LTCENT, or et depending
on whether the requested aberration correction is,
respectively, for received radiation, transmitted
radiation, or is omitted. LTCENT is computed using
the method indicated by 'abcorr'.
lt the value of the one-way light time between the
observer and target in seconds. If the target state
is corrected for aberrations, then 'lt' is the
one-way light time between the observer and the
light time corrected target location.
[1,1] = size(starg(i).lt)
double = class(starg(i).lt)
'starg' returns with the same vectorization measure, N, as 'et'.
Note, if needed, the user can extract the field data from vectorized
'starg' structures into separate arrays.
Extract the N 'state' field data to a 6XN array 'posvel':
posvel = reshape( [starg(:).state], 6, [] )
Extract the N 'lt' field data to a 1XN array 'lighttime':
lighttime = reshape( [starg(:).lt], 1, [] )
Any numerical results shown for this example may differ between
platforms as the results depend on the SPICE kernels used as input
and the machine specific arithmetic implementation.
%
% Load a set of kernels: an SPK file, a PCK
% file and a leapseconds file. Use a meta
% kernel for convenience.
%
cspice_furnsh( 'standard.tm' )
%
% Define parameters for a state lookup:
%
% Return the state vector of Mars (499) as seen from
% Earth (399) in the J2000 frame
% using aberration correction LT+S (light time plus
% stellar aberration) at the epoch
% July 4, 2003 11:00 AM PST.
%
target = 'Mars';
epoch = 'July 4, 2003 11:00 AM PST';
frame = 'J2000';
abcorr = 'LT+S';
observer = 'Earth';
%
% Convert the epoch to ephemeris time.
%
et = cspice_str2et( epoch );
%
% Look-up the state for the defined parameters.
%
starg = mice_spkezr( target, et, frame, abcorr, observer);
%
% Output...
%
txt = sprintf( 'The position of : %s', target);
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( 'As observed from : %s', observer );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( 'In reference frame : %s', frame );
disp( txt )
disp( ' ' )
%
% The first three entries of state contain the
% X, Y, Z position components. The final three contain
% the Vx, Vy, Vz velocity components.
%
txt = sprintf( 'Scalar' );
disp( txt )
utc_epoch = cspice_et2utc( et, 'C', 3 );
txt = sprintf( 'At epoch : %s', epoch );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( ' : i.e. %s', utc_epoch );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( ['R (kilometers) : ' ...
'%12.4f %12.4f %12.4f'], starg.state(1:3) );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( ['V (kilometers/sec) : ' ...
'%12.7f %12.7f %12.7f'], starg.state(4:6) );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( 'Light time (secs) : %12.7f', starg.lt );
disp( txt )
disp(' between observer' )
disp(' and target' )
disp( ' ' )
%
% Create a vector of et's, starting at 'epoch'
% in steps of 100000 ephemeris seconds.
%
vec_et = [0:4]*100000. + et;
disp( 'Vector' )
vec_epoch = cspice_et2utc( vec_et, 'C', 3 );
%
% Look up the state vectors and light time values
% corresponding to the vector of input
% ephemeris time 'vec_et'.
%
starg = mice_spkezr( target, vec_et, frame, abcorr, observer );
for i=1:5
txt = sprintf( 'At epoch (UTC) : %s', vec_epoch(i,:) );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( ['R (kilometers) : ' ...
'%12.4f %12.4f %12.4f'], starg(i).state(1:3) );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( ['V (kilometers/sec) : ' ...
'%12.7f %12.7f %12.7f'], starg(i).state(4:6) );
disp( txt )
txt = sprintf( 'Light time (secs) : %12.7f', starg(i).lt );
disp( txt )
disp(' between observer' )
disp(' and target' )
disp( ' ' )
end
%
% It's always good form to unload kernels after use,
% particularly in MATLAB due to data persistence.
%
cspice_kclear
MATLAB outputs:
The position of : Mars
As observed from : Earth
In reference frame : J2000
Scalar
At epoch : July 4, 2003 11:00 AM PST
: i.e. 2003 JUL 04 19:00:00.000
R (kilometers) : 73822235.3105 -27127918.9985 -18741306.3015
V (kilometers/sec) : -6.8090923 7.5131823 3.0009890
Light time (secs) :<PHONE_NUMBER>
between observer
and target
Vector
At epoch (UTC) : 2003 JUL 04 19:00:00.000
R (kilometers) : 73822235.3105 -27127918.9985 -18741306.3015
V (kilometers/sec) : -6.8090923 7.5131823 3.0009890
Light time (secs) :<PHONE_NUMBER>
between observer
and target
At epoch (UTC) : 2003 JUL 05 22:46:40.000
R (kilometers) : 73140185.4144 -26390524.7797 -18446763.0348
V (kilometers/sec) : -6.8317855 7.2333512 2.8893940
Light time (secs) :<PHONE_NUMBER>
between observer
and target
At epoch (UTC) : 2003 JUL 07 02:33:20.000
R (kilometers) : 72456239.6608 -25681031.0146 -18163339.1448
V (kilometers/sec) : -6.8470343 6.9552228 2.7786326
Light time (secs) :<PHONE_NUMBER>
between observer
and target
At epoch (UTC) : 2003 JUL 08 06:20:00.000
R (kilometers) : 71771127.0087 -24999259.4606 -17890946.6362
V (kilometers/sec) : -6.8551544 6.6789442 2.6687919
Light time (secs) :<PHONE_NUMBER>
between observer
and target
At epoch (UTC) : 2003 JUL 09 10:06:40.000
R (kilometers) : 71085543.8280 -24345021.1811 -17629490.7100
V (kilometers/sec) : -6.8564772 6.4045794 2.5599191
Light time (secs) :<PHONE_NUMBER>
between observer
and target
A sister version of this routine exists named cspice_spkezr that returns
the structure field data as separate arguments.
Aberration corrections
======================
In space science or engineering applications one frequently
wishes to know where to point a remote sensing instrument, such
as an optical camera or radio antenna, in order to observe or
otherwise receive radiation from a target. This pointing problem
is complicated by the finite speed of light: one needs to point
to where the target appears to be as opposed to where it actually
is at the epoch of observation. We use the adjectives
"geometric," "uncorrected," or "true" to refer to an actual
position or state of a target at a specified epoch. When a
geometric position or state vector is modified to reflect how it
appears to an observer, we describe that vector by any of the
terms "apparent," "corrected," "aberration corrected," or "light
time and stellar aberration corrected." The SPICE Toolkit can
correct for two phenomena affecting the apparent location of an
object: one-way light time (also called "planetary aberration") and
stellar aberration.
One-way light time
------------------
Correcting for one-way light time is done by computing, given an
observer and observation epoch, where a target was when the observed
photons departed the target's location. The vector from the
observer to this computed target location is called a "light time
corrected" vector. The light time correction depends on the motion
of the target relative to the solar system barycenter, but it is
independent of the velocity of the observer relative to the solar
system barycenter. Relativistic effects such as light bending and
gravitational delay are not accounted for in the light time
correction performed by this routine.
Stellar aberration
------------------
The velocity of the observer also affects the apparent location
of a target: photons arriving at the observer are subject to a
"raindrop effect" whereby their velocity relative to the observer
is, using a Newtonian approximation, the photons' velocity
relative to the solar system barycenter minus the velocity of the
observer relative to the solar system barycenter. This effect is
called "stellar aberration." Stellar aberration is independent
of the velocity of the target. The stellar aberration formula
used by this routine does not include (the much smaller)
relativistic effects.
Stellar aberration corrections are applied after light time
corrections: the light time corrected target position vector is
used as an input to the stellar aberration correction.
When light time and stellar aberration corrections are both
applied to a geometric position vector, the resulting position
vector indicates where the target "appears to be" from the
observer's location.
As opposed to computing the apparent position of a target, one
may wish to compute the pointing direction required for
transmission of photons to the target. This also requires correction
of the geometric target position for the effects of light time
and stellar aberration, but in this case the corrections are
computed for radiation traveling *from* the observer to the target.
We will refer to this situation as the "transmission" case.
The "transmission" light time correction yields the target's
location as it will be when photons emitted from the observer's
location at `et' arrive at the target. The transmission stellar
aberration correction is the inverse of the traditional stellar
aberration correction: it indicates the direction in which
radiation should be emitted so that, using a Newtonian
approximation, the sum of the velocity of the radiation relative
to the observer and of the observer's velocity, relative to the
solar system barycenter, yields a velocity vector that points in
the direction of the light time corrected position of the target.
One may object to using the term "observer" in the transmission
case, in which radiation is emitted from the observer's location.
The terminology was retained for consistency with earlier
documentation.
Below, we indicate the aberration corrections to use for some
common applications:
1) Find the apparent direction of a target for a remote-sensing
observation.
Use 'LT+S' or 'CN+S' apply both light time and stellar
aberration corrections.
Note that using light time corrections alone ('LT' or 'CN')
is generally not a good way to obtain an approximation to
an apparent target vector: since light time and stellar
aberration corrections often partially cancel each other,
it may be more accurate to use no correction at all than to
use light time alone.
2) Find the corrected pointing direction to radiate a signal
to a target. This computation is often applicable for
implementing communications sessions.
Use 'XLT+S' or 'XCN+S' apply both light time and stellar
aberration corrections for transmission.
3) Compute the apparent position of a target body relative
to a star or other distant object.
Use 'LT', 'CN', 'LT+S', or 'CN+S' as needed to match the
correction applied to the position of the distant
object. For example, if a star position is obtained from
a catalog, the position vector may not be corrected for
stellar aberration. In this case, to find the angular
separation of the star and the limb of a planet, the
vector from the observer to the planet should be
corrected for light time but not stellar aberration.
4) Obtain an uncorrected state vector derived directly from
data in an SPK file.
Use 'NONE'.
5) Use a geometric state vector as a low-accuracy estimate
of the apparent state for an application where execution
speed is critical.
Use 'NONE'.
6) While this routine cannot perform the relativistic
aberration corrections required to compute states
with the highest possible accuracy, it can supply the
geometric states required as inputs to these computations.
Use 'NONE', then apply relativistic aberration
corrections (not available in the SPICE Toolkit).
Below, we discuss in more detail how the aberration corrections
applied by this routine are computed.
Geometric case
==============
spkezr_c begins by computing the geometric position T(et) of the
target body relative to the solar system barycenter (SSB).
Subtracting the geometric position of the observer O(et) gives
the geometric position of the target body relative to the
observer. The one-way light time, lt, is given by
| T(et) - O(et) |
lt = -------------------
c
The geometric relationship between the observer, target, and
solar system barycenter is as shown:
SSB ---> O(et)
| /
| /
| /
| / T(et) - O(et)
V V
T(et)
The returned state consists of the position vector
T(et) - O(et)
and a velocity obtained by taking the difference of the
corresponding velocities. In the geometric case, the
returned velocity is actually the time derivative of the
position.
Reception case
==============
When any of the options "LT", "CN", "LT+S", "CN+S" is selected
for `abcorr', spkezr_c computes the position of the target body at
epoch et-lt, where `lt' is the one-way light time. Let T(t) and
O(t) represent the positions of the target and observer
relative to the solar system barycenter at time t; then `lt' is
the solution of the light-time equation
| T(et-lt) - O(et) |
lt = ------------------------ (1)
c
The ratio
| T(et) - O(et) |
--------------------- (2)
c
is used as a first approximation to `lt'; inserting (2) into the
right hand side of the light-time equation (1) yields the
"one-iteration" estimate of the one-way light time ("LT").
Repeating the process until the estimates of `lt' converge yields
the "converged Newtonian" light time estimate ("CN").
Subtracting the geometric position of the observer O(et) gives
the position of the target body relative to the observer:
T(et-lt) - O(et).
SSB ---> O(et)
| \ |
| \ |
| \ | T(et-lt) - O(et)
| \ |
V V V
T(et) T(et-lt)
The position component of the light time corrected state
is the vector
T(et-lt) - O(et)
The velocity component of the light time corrected state
is the difference
T_vel(et-lt)*(1-d(lt)/d(et)) - O_vel(et)
where T_vel and O_vel are, respectively, the velocities of the
target and observer relative to the solar system barycenter at
the epochs et-lt and `et'.
If correction for stellar aberration is requested, the target
position is rotated toward the solar system
barycenter-relative velocity vector of the observer. The
rotation is computed as follows:
Let r be the light time corrected vector from the observer
to the object, and v be the velocity of the observer with
respect to the solar system barycenter. Let w be the angle
between them. The aberration angle phi is given by
sin(phi) = v sin(w) / c
Let h be the vector given by the cross product
h = r X v
Rotate r by phi radians about h to obtain the apparent
position of the object.
When stellar aberration corrections are used, the rate of change
of the stellar aberration correction is accounted for in the
computation of the output velocity.
Transmission case
==================
When any of the options "XLT", "XCN", "XLT+S", "XCN+S" is
selected, spkezr_c computes the position of the target body T at
epoch et+lt, where `lt' is the one-way light time. `lt' is the
solution of the light-time equation
| T(et+lt) - O(et) |
lt = ------------------------ (3)
c
Subtracting the geometric position of the observer, O(et),
gives the position of the target body relative to the
observer: T(et-lt) - O(et).
SSB --> O(et)
/ | *
/ | * T(et+lt) - O(et)
/ |*
/ *|
V V V
T(et+lt) T(et)
The position component of the light-time corrected state
is the vector
T(et+lt) - O(et)
The velocity component of the light-time corrected state
consists of the difference
T_vel(et+lt)*(1+d(lt)/d(et)) - O_vel(et)
where T_vel and O_vel are, respectively, the velocities of the
target and observer relative to the solar system barycenter at
the epochs et+lt and `et'.
If correction for stellar aberration is requested, the target
position is rotated away from the solar system barycenter-
relative velocity vector of the observer. The rotation is
computed as in the reception case, but the sign of the
rotation angle is negated.
Precision of light time corrections
===================================
Corrections using one iteration of the light time solution
----------------------------------------------------------
When the requested aberration correction is "LT", "LT+S",
"XLT", or "XLT+S", only one iteration is performed in the
algorithm used to compute lt.
The relative error in this computation
| LT_ACTUAL - LT_COMPUTED | / LT_ACTUAL
is at most
(V/C)**2
----------
1 - (V/C)
which is well approximated by (V/C)**2, where V is the
velocity of the target relative to an inertial frame and C is
the speed of light.
For nearly all objects in the solar system V is less than 60
km/sec. The value of C is ~300000 km/sec. Thus the
one-iteration solution for LT has a potential relative error
of not more than 4e-8. This is a potential light time error of
approximately 2e-5 seconds per astronomical unit of distance
separating the observer and target. Given the bound on V cited
above:
As long as the observer and target are separated by less
than 50 astronomical units, the error in the light time
returned using the one-iteration light time corrections is
less than 1 millisecond.
The magnitude of the corresponding position error, given
the above assumptions, may be as large as (V/C)**2 * the
distance between the observer and the uncorrected target
position: 300 km or equivalently 6 km/AU.
In practice, the difference between positions obtained using
one-iteration and converged light time is usually much smaller
than the value computed above and can be insignificant. For
example, for the spacecraft Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and
Mars Express, the position error for the one-iteration light
time correction, applied to the spacecraft-to-Mars center
vector, is at the 1 cm level.
Comparison of results obtained using the one-iteration and
converged light time solutions is recommended when adequacy of
the one-iteration solution is in doubt.
Converged corrections
---------------------
When the requested aberration correction is 'CN', 'CN+S',
'XCN', or 'XCN+S', as many iterations as are required for
convergence are performed in the computation of LT. Usually
the solution is found after three iterations. The relative
error present in this case is at most
(V/C)**4
----------
1 - (V/C)
which is well approximated by (V/C)**4.
The precision of this computation (ignoring round-off
error) is better than 4e-11 seconds for any pair of objects
less than 50 AU apart, and having speed relative to the
solar system barycenter less than 60 km/s.
The magnitude of the corresponding position error, given
the above assumptions, may be as large as (V/C)**4 * the
distance between the observer and the uncorrected target
position: 1.2 cm at 50 AU or equivalently 0.24 mm/AU.
However, to very accurately model the light time between
target and observer one must take into account effects due to
general relativity. These may be as high as a few hundredths
of a millisecond for some objects.
Relativistic Corrections
=========================
This routine does not attempt to perform either general or
special relativistic corrections in computing the various
aberration corrections. For many applications relativistic
corrections are not worth the expense of added computation
cycles. If however, your application requires these additional
corrections we suggest you consult the astronomical almanac (page
B36) for a discussion of how to carry out these corrections.
For important details concerning this module's function, please refer to
the CSPICE routine spkezr_c.
MICE.REQ
SPK.REQ
NAIF_IDS.REQ
FRAMES.REQ
TIME.REQ
-Mice Version 1.0.3, 03-DEC-2014, EDW (JPL)
Edited I/O section to conform to NAIF standard for Mice documentation.
Discussion of light time corrections was updated. Assertions
that converged light time corrections are unlikely to be
useful were removed.
-Mice Version 1.0.2, 07-NOV-2013 (EDW)
I/O descriptions edits to conform to Mice documentation format.
Added aberration algorithm explanation to Particulars section.
-Mice Version 1.0.1, 22-DEC-2008, EDW (JPL)
Header edits performed to improve argument descriptions.
These descriptions should now closely match the descriptions
in the corresponding CSPICE routine.
-Mice Version 1.0.0, 16-DEC-2005, EDW (JPL)
using body names get target state relative to an observer
get state relative to observer corrected for aberrations
read ephemeris data
read trajectory data
|