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SCA/254/2009 29/ 29 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION No. 254 of 2009 For Approval and Signature: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR.BHASKAR BHATTACHARYA HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA ========================================================= 1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment ? 2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? 3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgment ? 4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the constitution of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? 5 Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? ========================================================= GOVINDBHAI PRAGAJIBHAI DOBARIYA, SARPANCH & 2 - Petitioner(s) Versus STATE OF GUJARAT & 5 - Respondent(s) ========================================================= Appearance : MR DIPAK H SINDHI for Petitioner(s) : 1 - 3. MR PK JANI, GOVERNMENT PLEADER for Respondent(s) : 1,2,4. MRS KALPANA K RAVAL for Respondent(s) : 3, MR RD RAVAL for Respondent(s) : 5, MR RR TRIVEDI for Respondent(s) : 6, MR BHAVESH P TRIVEDI for Respondent(s) : 6, ========================================================= CORAM : HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR.BHASKAR BHATTACHARYA and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA Date : 12/09/2012 CAV JUDGMENT
(Per : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA) By way of this petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, in the nature of a Public Interest Litigation, seeking direction to the respondents to perform their statutory duties for preventing and controlling the pollution, and to see that the drinking water is not polluted by various industrial units located in Jetpur, who are engaged in the activities of dyeing, printing and washing sarees and clothes, the petitioners, residents of different villages of Taluka Jetpur, District Rajkot have prayed for the following reliefs:-
"(A) To admit this petition and further be pleased to allow this petition with costs in the interest of the justice .
(B) To issue a writ of mandamus and/or writ in nature of mandamus or any other(s) appropriate writ, directions and/or orders, directing the respondent Nos. 1 to 4, it's officer, servants administrators, executors, agents and all other authorized person to discharge & perform their statutory duties for taking appropriate actions for preventing and controlling the pollution and further to take appropriate measures for improving, preserving and conserving the ecology and environment of the Rajkot District of Gujarat State in the interest of justice ;
(C) To issue a writ of mandamus and/or writ in nature of mandamus or any other(s) appropriate writ, directions and/or orders, directing the respondent no.1 to 4, its officers, servants, administrators, executors, agents and all other authorized person to perform their statutory duties for taking appropriate actions closure of industrial units/establishment/undertaking involved in commercial activities of dyeing, printing and washing of sarees and clothes/bandhni, which are operating either without trade licenses or requisite consent/no objection certificate or which are discharging untreated effluents into the stream polluting the river Urben, river Bhadar, Saparvadi dam, various lakes, ponds, canals, wells, inland and sub-subterranean water and other water stream in the area of Rajkot District and Bhatgam of District Junagadh of Gujarat State, in the interest of justice.
(D) To issue a writ of mandamus and/or writ in nature of mandamus or any other(s) appropriate writ, directions and/or orders, directing the respondent no.1 to 4, its officers, servants, administrators, executors, agents and all other authorized person to take appropriate legal actions for removal and demolishing of all the unauthorized and illegal washing ghats operating without effluent treatment plants washing sarees and clothes and discharging untreated trade effluent causing pollution in the area of Rajkot District of Gujarat - State, in the interest of justice.
(E) To issue a writ of mandamus and/or writ in nature of mandamus or any other(s) appropriate writ, directions and/or orders, directing the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to investigate in the matter about the erring officers/servants of the respondent no.1 to 4 who failed and neglect to take appropriate legal actions for preventing and controlling pollution and who abetted and aided the causing of pollution due to their non-action for their personal gain at the cost of environmental pollution and to lodge complaints against such erring officers of the respondent no.1 to 4, in the interest of justice.
(F) To issue a writ of mandamus and/or writ in nature of mandamus or any other(s) appropriate writ directions and/or orders, directing the respondent authorities, its officers, servants, etc. to lodge criminal complaints against the units and its responsible persons/owners who fails to comply with or contravenes any of the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and of the provisions of The Water (Prevention and Control Pollution) Act, 1974 or rules made or orders of directions issued thereunder, within the area of District - Rajkot, in the interest of justice and to maintain law and order.
(G) To issue a writ of mandamus and/or writ in nature of mandamus or any other(s) appropriate writ, directions and/or orders, directing the respondent authorities, its officers, servants, etc. for constitution of comprehensive Authority/Experts Committee under S.3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to enquire and investigate into the question of disturbance of ecology and pollution and affection of air, water and environment by reason of discharge of untreated effluent treatment plant and to deal with the entire matters relating to proper administration and implementation of the programs of preventing and controlling the environmental pollution including powers to take all appropriate actions for prevention and control of the pollution caused due to discharge of untreated trade effluent by industrial units/person carrying on the activities of dyeing, printing and washing of sarees and cloths and to deal with the entire matter relating to proper administration and implementation of the programs of improving, rehabilitation, preservation and conservation of environment including water streams, dams, wells, land etc. and all other necessary powers, within the area of the District - Rajkot, State - Gujarat.
(H) To issue a writ of mandamus and/or writ in nature of mandamus or any other(s) appropriate writ, directions and/or orders, directing the respondent no.1 to 4, it's officers, servants, etc. to recover cost of remedial measures from the polluter units/establishment/undertaking etc. required for taking the remedial measures for improvement of environmental pollution caused due to discharge of untreated trade effluent from the units/establishment carrying on activities of dyeing, printing and/or washing of sarees and cloths into the streams and for preservation and conservation of the ecology and environment of the District of Rajkot.
(I) Your Lordships may be further pleased to direct the respondent authorities to strictly comply with the earlier directions issued by this Hon'ble High Court in various petitions ;
(J) Such other relief(s) as this Honourable Court deems just and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case, may please be granted."
FACTUAL MATRIX In the present petition, a very grave and serious problem of pollution caused by dyeing and printing industry at Jetpur has been highlighted before this Court. Jetpur is situated in Saurashtra (part of Gujarat) about 65 kms. from Rajkot city. The town of Jetpur has about 1170 dyeing and printing units. Around 40,000 workers earn their livelihood by working in such dyeing and printing units at Jetpur. It appears that the units have formed an association, named, the Jetpur Dyeing & Printing Association (for short, 'JDPA'). It appears that around 30.00 MLD water is used for washing of sarees every day and at the end of the day, the trade effluent is discharged into a pond named as "Fatal Talav". It also appears that majority of the units use their own water and space facility for washing their printed materials within their units, but those who do not have this facility, send their product to washing ghats located in the surrounding villages covering 40 kms. of the area. Some of the dyeing units, inspite of having their own washing systems, outsource their washing job to increase their daily production. It also appears that some of such washing ghats were illegally constructed and were being used without any permission or sanction from any competent authority. Such ghats have a capacity to cater to the requirement of five to seven dyeing & printing units per ghat.
It also appears that well-developed natural drainage in the surrounding area of Jetpur town tempted the dyeing & printing units to discharge their effluents directly into the nearby drainage without any treatment. This resulted in adverse effect on the water resource. To curb this problem, the authority concerned forced the units to implement the Common Sewerage Treatment plant (for short, 'CETP') for disposal of waste water. However, inspite of such steps being taken by the authority, majority of the units continue to outsource washing job to illegal ghats, and thereby, divert the untreated discharge to natural drainage, and as a result of this, the ground water pollution in streams, ponds, rivulets, rivers got contaminated thereby, directly affecting the cattle and the soil. When such water is being used for the purpose of irrigation, it result in built-up of a secondary salinization/alkalinization, affecting the production of crop.
This petition was filed in the year 2009. This Court has been monitoring this petition for almost more than three years. On 15th January 2009, a Division Bench of this Court took cognizance of this pollution problem for the first time and directed the respondent No.3
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, to submit its report.
On receipt of the report filed by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board, this Court asked the learned Government Pleader to ascertain whether any unit was functioning illegally without the consent of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board, and if so, what action had been taken by the District Collector. Thereafter, on 24th July 2009, it was reported to this Court that about 900 industrial units are functioning in that area and the District Collector had initiated various course of actions. It was also stated that raw-materials like gum, starch, synthetic dyes, acetic acid, caustic soda and sodium silicate are used by the textile processing units in the dyeing and printing process of fabrics. It was also brought to the notice of this Court that various complaints had been received by the GPCB. After conducting a detailed enquiry, the GPCB noticed that some of the units were causing serious environmental pollution and most of the polluting units had not obtained consent from the GPCB. It was also informed to this Court that, consequently, statutory notices had been issued to all those units. On 24th July 2009, the GPCB filed a report before this Court stating that they had taken action in this regard. It was also brought to the notice of this Court that there are effluent treatment plants and two more were under contemplation.
Considering the seriousness of the matter, this Court directed the GPCB to submit periodical report, with the interval of three months, after assessing the situation, and also directed to state as to what further actions were taken against the polluting units. On 28th June 2010, this Court directed the GPCB and the respondent No.4 to undertake joint measures to demolish all unauthorized washing ghats.
On 27th July 2012, a Division Bench of this Court passed the following order:-
"Inspite of the order dated 28th June, 2010, the 4th respondent has not made clear whether he has taken joint measures with Gujarat Pollution Control Board to demolish unauthorised washing ghats. No affidavit or report has been filed. By way of last chance, we allow two weeks' time to 4th respondent to file action taken report failing which, the 4th respondent will appear before the Court in person on the next date and/or the Court may be impose costs. Post the matter on 12th August, 2010 withing 10 cases in the first board.
The Pollution Control Board may also file report by that date."
Thereafter, on 9th September 2010, the matter was taken up for further hearing, and on that day, it was informed by the GPCB that 104 illegal washing ghats had already been demolished with the help of the Collector, and 36 more illegal ghats were required to be demolished. The Court was also informed that steps had been taken to identify and demolish those ghats too. On behalf of the Association, a statement was made that the GPCB had cleared the proposal to set up new effluent treatment plants, for which land had already been identified and steps had been taken to set up one new effluent treatment plant at Derdi near Jetpur. With regard to the second plant, land had been identified and purchased, but clearance of Junagadh Municipalty was awaited. A statement was also made that two common effluent treatment plants were already functioning and, if necessary, the GPCB may monitor the two treatment plants. Taking into consideration the steps taken by the respondents, the following directions were issued on 9th September 2010:-
"(i) 5th respondent is directed to complete setting up of one effluent treatment plant at Derdi. So far as other treatment plants are concerned, the matter be taken up with the Municipality and other competent authorities. If there is any difficulty, in the interest of public in general, setting up of such effluent treatment plants is required in the local municipal area, the authority will consider the same in accordance with law.
(ii) The Gujarat Pollution Control Board is directed to demolish 36 identified illegal washing ghats. The Collector and the concerned Mamlatdar will provide suitable assistance in the matter of such demolition and report the progress to the Court. If there are more than 36 illegal washing ghats, the petitioner will give details of such Ghats to the competent authorities. The Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Rajkot and the concerned Mamlatdar in their turn will identify and if so required, demolish such illegal washing ghats.
(iii) If there is any Dyeing and Printing unit which is illegally functioning in the area, without the consent of the competent authority or the Pollution Control Board, it will be open to the petitioner to bring the said fact to the notice of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board at its Rajkot office.
(iv) The competent authority and the Pollution Control Board, Rajkot is directed to monitor the local ETPs and CEPT units atleast once in every two months and submit its report regularly to this Court. The next by-monthly inspection report be filed by the next date of hearing."
On 23rd November 2010, this Court noticed, from the stand taken by the respondents, that the effluent was being discharged in the agricultural fields. The stand on behalf of the Association was that such effluent was being discharged after treatment and was suitable for the purpose of agriculture as per the agricultural norms. Therefore, this Court passed the following order:-
"From the stand taken by the respondent, it appears that the effluent is being discharged in the agricultural fields. Counsel for the 5th respondent-Association submits that such effluent is discharged after treatment, as per the agricultural norms. However, this Court wants experts' opinion on the question whether discharge of such water is polluting: (i) Agricultural crops; (ii) Agricultural fields/soil;
(iii) Underground water and/or; (iv) adjacent rivers; if any. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of Gujarat Pollution Control Board will give details of the Experts of area; including Professors of Universities who can be requested to carry out inspection and submit report before the Court on this issue.
Let a copy of this order be handed over to learned counsel appearing on behalf of Gujarat Pollution Control Board.
Post the matter on 22nd December 2010."
On 22nd December 2010, the GPCB provided list of experts, and accordingly, passed the following order:-
"Learned counsel appearing on behalf of Gujarat Pollution Control Board forwarded a list of experts as shown hereunder:
1. Shri N.M.Zalawadia, Professor, Department of Agriculture, Chemical and Soil Science College of Agriculture, J.A.U.Junagadh.
2. Shri N.B.Babria, Professor, Department of Agriculture, Chemical and Soil Science College of Agriculture, J.A.U.Junagadh.
3. Shri M.C.Rathod, Superintendent Geohydrologist, Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar.
4. Shri Ravi Solanki, Chief Engineer, Water Supply & Sewerage Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar.
Learned counsel for the petitioner and other respondents are directed to state whether they have any objection to formation of the Committee of the aforesaid Experts for inspection, verification and to find out whether the industries at Jetpur are polluting the agricultural fields, crops, underground water, adjacent river etc. And to suggest steps to be taken to avoid such pollution. The respondent-Association of Dyeing and Printing Industry will also state whether they will bear the costs of the Experts. It will be open to the respondents to file their respective affidavits and enclose a copy of the report, if any, submitted earlier by one or the other Experts Body. Post the matter on 24.01.2011."
On 18th April 2011, it was submitted on behalf of the respondent-Association that some other officials of the Water Supply and Sewerage Board of the State may be made as Members of the Experts Committee in place of two persons as shown at serial Nos.3 and 4 of the order dated 22nd December 2010. Therefore, the learned AGP was directed to give list of one or two Geo-hydrologist of Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Gujarat, and one or two names of Engineers not less than the rank of Executive Engineer possessing thorough knowledge of underground water and river water and would also be a Member of Water Supply and Irrigation Department of the State.
On 21st April 2011, this Court noticed the list of experts as forwarded by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board to find out as to who could inspect and report to the Court that the industries at Jetpur are polluting the agricultural fields, crops, underground water, adjacent river, etc., and to suggest steps, if any, to avoid such pollution. This Court, therefore, constituted a Committee of the following members namely:-
1. Shri N.M.Zalawadia, Professor, Department of Agriculture, Chemical and Soil Science College of Agriculture, J.A.U.Junagadh.
2. Shri N.B.Babria, Professor, Department of Agriculture, Chemical and Soil Science College of Agriculture, J.A.U.Junagadh.
3. Shri M.C.Rathod, Superintendent Geohydrologist, Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar.
4. Shri Ravi Solanki, Chief Engineer, Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar.
Mr.
M.C. Rathod, Superintendent, Geo-hydrologist of Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Gandhinagar was made a Co-ordinator.
The First Report of the Expert Committee was placed before this Court for its consideration, and on perusal of the said report, this Court recorded the following order dated 5th July 2011:-
"From the progress report submitted by the Experts Committee constituted by the Court, it appears that there is pollution in the water bodies. The flow of the streams/rivers is being contaminated by untreated effluent from washing ghats. The contamination varies with the site situation and the soil characteristics. From the said report, it further appears that the Committee need the help of a Soil Analyst and a Hydro Geologist. If it is so required, they may take the help of them of their choice.
In the circumstances, the dyeing and printing units situated in and around the town of Jetpur in the District of Rajkot are directed to state as to why all the units be not closed as they are polluting the water bodies, rivers, water dam, etc. After closure , it it is found that one or the other unit has taken steps to rectify the defects and is not discharging any effluent in the water bodies, rivers, dam, etc and do not take any advantage of washing in the illegally constructed washing ghats, the Court may order to reopen of such unit.
The Gujarat State Pollution Control Board is directed to come out with a notice in the newspapers, one English and another Vernacular (Gujarati) published from Rajkot and inform the dyeing and printing units that the Court may close all the units if illegally constructed washing ghats are not demolished immediately, and if they do not stop discharging effluent in the water bodies, rivers, dam, agricultural fields, etc., in such a case, no separate notice need be issued to any individual unit.
Post the matter on 27th July 2011 withing five cases."
Thereafter, on 27th July 2011, on behalf of the Committee constituted by this Court, a prayer was made for extension of time till 30th September 2011, to submit final report. Accordingly, the Committee was granted time up to 30th September 2011, to submit its final report. On the same day, this Court also directed the Committee to submit an interim report showing illegal discharge of effluents, if any, made by any industrial unit which was causing pollution by use of washing ghats. The GPCB was also directed to find out whether any unit was using illegally constructed washing ghats and/or causing pollution, and in such case, the GPCB was directed to request the Electricity Board to disconnect the electric connection and also the competent authority to disconnect the water connection of such units. The GPCB was also directed to issue order for closure of such unit without waiting for further orders from this Court.
On 6th September 2011, the second interim report was filed before this Court by the Superintending Geo-hydrologist, Coordinator of Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board. On consideration of the same, this Court passed the following order:
"Second interim report has been filed by Superintending Geo Hydrologist, Coordinator of Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board by letter dated 25th August 20011. It appears that many of the illicit structures and illegal washing ghats have been demolished. There are certain more illicit structures/unauthorised washing ghats still existing. The Committee has recommended to develop a joint mechanism, which will have a periodical check of the area to see that no such illicit structures are made in near future. Learned counsel on behalf of the petitioner referring to the affidavit filed today submitted that the illegal washing ghats are continuing to discharge effluents directly into the river and in open land, and the Dying Unit Supplying material to the illegal ghat. Though the aforesaid facts has been brought to the notice of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board, but no action has been taken.
Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the association submits that the electrical connections of such units have been disconnected, but it is not made clear as to why illegal washing ghats have not yet been demolished.
We accordingly direct the Collector and the Association of the Units to demolish all the washing ghats in the area by 21st October 2011, failing which, this Court may pass appropriate strictures against the officers of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Collector of the District and other Officers.
If the petitioner bring such fact to the notice of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board and no demolition is made within ten days, it will be open to the petitioner to bring such fact to the notice of this Court at any time. Let a copy of this order be handed over to the counsel for the Gujarat Pollution Control Board and the counsel for the Association. Post the matter on 8th November 2011.
In the meantime, the Committee will submit its final report before this Court. If the effluent treatment plant-DERDI pursuant to the earlier order is not constructed, court may pass appropriate order."
Thereafter, on 28th September 2011, a Final Report was placed before us by the Experts Committee. We deem it fit to quote the observations as under:
"(a) As any activity in a village comes easily to the notice of the concerned Talati, it is apparent that concerned Talatis must be aware about illegal washing ghats. However, they seem to be unconcerned about it and feel that any reporting on this to higher authorities does not come under their preview or responsibility.
(b) It has already been established that the present CETP is not competent enough to tackle treatment of effluents from both Nagarpalika and JDPA units. Two new CET Plants have been proposed by JDPA at Derdi and Bhatgam. Design and estimate for these projects is under process. Delay in these projects has already resulted in illegal outsourcing of washing and mushrooming up of illegal ghats in agricultural lands.
(c) The illegal washing ghats also use some adjoining land for drying the cloths. Thus agricultural land is being used for nonagricultural purposes.
(d) As mechanism of reporting illegal washing does not exist, no action has been taken on any Dyeing and Printing unit for promoting illegal ghats.
(e) In Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) two levels of effluents are drained through a common drainage network of about 35-40 kms.
a.
Nagarpalika effluent (About 3.0 MLD) b.
Process house effluent from units of Jetpur Dyeing and Printing Association (JDPA) (about 4.0 MLD-effluent of approximately 1175 JDPA units)
(f) Both the effluents have wide variation in their chemical composition. The Nagar Palika effluent is less contaminated than the effluents of process houses. This dilutes the process house effluent. But during last few years water consumption by Nagarpalika has increased manifold and the effluent has increased by 25 to 30%. The CETP is originally designed for effluents load of 7.0 MLD only. Excess effluent load of Nagarpalika is burdening the CETP of JDPA and hence hampers its efficiency.
(g) The water contaminated by effluents of illegal ghats has different color shades (Green/Yellow/Orange), with foul odour not to the liking of human senses.
(h) The washing ghats located in upstream areas are affecting the ground water as will as river water due to contamination of effluent in downstream area and also deteriorate the soil matrix in the fields where it is used for irrigation.
(i) The effluent contaminated water fall under either salinity or alkalinity or both. This results in secondary Salinization and alkalinization in soils
(j) With a few exceptions, all the water contaminated samples have high sodicity hazards.
(k) On the basis of water quality class, exceptionally (only three samples), all the samples fall in C4S4 class; hence is not suitable for irrigation.
(l) The process house and ETP effluent water have BOD values higher than the permissible limit.
(m) No third party assessment or Periodical performance evaluation (Qualitatively and Quantitatively) of CETP of JDPA is being done at present and hence no impartial report on such aspects is available.
(n) It has been observed that CETP inlet effluent parameters (Qualitatively and Quantitatively) have not been fixed for all CETP members to match with the norms of the CETP design parameters.
(o) In the present modern era lack of an on-line monitoring system (which is a must for effective pollution monitoring) to check important parameters of quality of treated water from out let of CETP is quite visible as no such data on day to day basis is available with any concerned agency.
(p) No method or model to evaluate the water audit exists in the area and farmers use the treated effluent water for irrigation purpose without the basic awareness about the long term effect of treated water on soil matrix and groundwater.
(q) Being rocky terrain, a good drainage system is developed in the area. Several small and medium drains are carrying the effluents from illegal ghats and draining in to the major drainage systems and finally to the rivers. Such inlets to major drainage Systems and main rivers are not being monitored peridocally by and agency. This unchedked polluted flow will have very adverse effects on the overall surface and groundwater regime of the area.
(r) The Quantity of the effluent, released by the units, is fixed by the GPCB at the time of sanction and is also monitored by them. However, a common and effective monitoring system for periodical checks of the effluent quantity to avoid the extra load on CETP has not been established.
(s) It is apparent that all the effluent generated by licensed units of JDPA has some specific production and effluents treatment norms, hence, effluent generated will directly be proportional to the chemicals used. However, there is no mechanism of providing stock positioning record by JDPA to GPCB, with which an assessment model could be developed to check the effluent intensity and concentration at various levels.
(t) The dyeing and printing units are within the vicinity of Nagarpalika but it has no control on JDPA and does not take action on any illegal activity, with effects the environment.
(u) It is observed that maximum illegal washing ghats are situated in the vicinity of water bodies like Uben and Chhaparwadi dams. Irrigation department does not take any action on demolishing of such ghats.
(v) As Jetpur Nagarpalika does not have its own sewerage treatment plant, untreated municipal effluents overloads the CETP and untreated water that does not enter the CETP must certainly be spoiling the close by ecosystem.
(w) Rainfall data of the area reveals that even after better rains in last decade, the impact of rain in dilution of pollutants in ground water is negligible.
(x) It has been observed that steps are not being taken for periodical health survey in the affected areas by some reputed medical teams, under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
(y) JDPA has not made any considerable efforts for R & D to develop suitable technology on "Reuse of effluent water from dyeing and printing industry, after filtration" & JDPA does not have its own effective, qualified and experienced team for monitoring of its CETP.
(z) A mechanism by JDPA to provide names and addresses of defaulting units to GPCB and other concerned agencies for suitable action is missing.
In the said Final Report, the Committee also showed the results of effluent contaminated water samples which were as under:
Physical feature:
The water sample analysis date (Table-1) indicates that:
All effluent contaminated river water is green in colour.
The effluent from ETP and washing ghat is found yellow in colour with greenish tint.
The untreated process house water is found orange in colour with yellowish tint, which gets converted to orange colour when diluted in process house.
Treated process house water was observed to be of green colour with yellowish tint.
It was also observed that waste water has foul odour, which is certainly not to the liking of human senses.
Chemical Characteristics The date (Table-1) showed that:
The electrical conductivity (EC) values varied from 0.91 ti 19.30 dSm-1 with a mean value of 5.90 dSm-1.
The maximum values of EC range from 7.57 to 19.30 dSm-1 The EC values show decreasing order from Process house effluent contaminated water followed by washing ghat, ETP and river water.
All the water samples, except Chhaparvadi River water at Mewasa and the Uben River at Bhatgam were falling in high category to salinity (C4 class).
If such type of effluent contaminated water is used directly for irrigation purpose, it in long run may cause secondary salinization in the irrigated fields.
Thereafter, the Committee made the following recommendations:
1. As any activity in a village comes easily to the notice of the concerned Talati, District Collectors (Rajkot & Junagadh) may be directed to instruct Mamlatdar and Talaties to report about existence of any such illegal activities in their areas. Permanent and dedicated teams for demolition of illegal washing ghats are required to be constituted for all affected villages.(Action-District Collector).
2. Derdi and Bhatgam projects of creation of new CETPs must be completed at the earliest. As it may take some time for construction, JDPA meanwhile should assure the authorities that they will run their washing ghats as per the GPCB norms and will not do any illegal out-sourcing for washing. (Action JDPA)
3. The washing ghats have some adjoining land also for drying the cloths. These are the agricultural lands for agricultural purposes only and cannot be used for other purposes; this is a case of change in assigned purpose. Against such activities legal action must be taken by the authorities to ensure that land use does not change. If so, action to the level of land seizure should be recommended. (Action-Revenue Department)
4. Any Dyeing and Printing unit promoting illegal ghats must be closed for a minimum period of 6 months. (Action-GPCB)
5. In Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) two levels of effluents are coming with one drainage systems. The Nagarpalika must have separate sewerage treatment plant for their municipal waste and treated water from this plant should be used to dilute the industrial effluent before sending it to the CETP for subsequent treatment. This will enhance the efficiency of CETP/ (Action-Nagarpalika, JDPA & GPCB)
6. Periodical performance evaluation (Qualitatively and Quantitatively) of CETP and JDPA must be done by third party (like NEERI) (Action-JDPA)
7. CETP inlet effluent parameters ( Qualitatively and quantitatively) should be fixed for all CETP members to match with the norms of the CETP design parameters. (Action- JDPA & CETP members)
8. On-line monitoring system of important parameters at the out let of CETP should be installed by JDPA, so that quality of treated water from CETP can be regularly checked by GPCB authorities for corrective actions, if required. (Action-JDPA)
9. There is a need of effluent water audit. The treated effluent from CETP must be periodically checked by some third party like NEERI or any other agency. This will help to the farmers to assure themselves to use the treated effluent water for irrigation purpose.(Action-JDPA)
10. Being rocky terrain, a good drainage (natural rivulet system) is developed in the area. Several small and medium drains (rivulets) carry the effluents from illegal ghats and drain them in to the bigger rivulets and finally to the major rivers. All inlets of such major drainage Systems and main rivers should be monitored periodically be GPCB. (Action-GPCB)
11. The Quantity of the effluent, released by the units, is fixed by the GPCB at the time of sanction and is also monitored by them. However, a common and effective monitoring system (GPCB + Agriculture + Water expert + administration) should be established for periodical checks of the effluent quantity to avoid the extra load on CETP (Action- All concerned agencies)
12. As the effluent is being generated by JDPA, and all licensed units have some specific production and effluents treatment norms. Stock of the chemicals required for such treatments should be checked periodically be all monitoring agencies. (Action-GPCB)
13. Power supply bills of treatment plants should be checked regularly to ensure the operational status by all monitoring agencies. (Action-GPCB & District Collector)
14. As the dyeing and printing units are within the vicinity of Nagarpalika, they should have control on JDPA. No such activity should be allowed which effects the environment. (Action-Jetpur Nagarpalika)
15. It is observed that maximum illegal washing ghats are situated in the vicinity of water bodies like Uben and Chhaparwadi dams. Irrigation Department shall issue specific directives that no water abstraction activity should be done in the near vicinity of the dam for any washing ghats. Therefore, the irrigation department should take immediate action on closing and demolishing of such ghats and get assurance from the civic body that they will not allow ton develop such washing ghats in future. (Action-Irrigation Department)
16. Nagarpalika should also have some reserve funds available with them to meet the unforessen expenses related to O & M and up-gradation of sewerage treatment plant. (Action-Jetpur Nagarpalika)
17. Rainfall date of the area reveal that even after better rains in last decade, the impact of rain in dilution of pollutants in ground water is negligible. Therefore, it is recommended that ground, water recharge activity by providing suitable recharge structures should be promoted. This will help in control the run-off and storing ground water which will dilute the pollutants. (Action-Water Resources Department)
18. Under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), periodical health survey in the affected areas must be done by National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH) or some reputed hospital teams. This will help to assess the impact of surface/ground water on human health. A permanent record should be maintained. (Action-JDPA)
19. R & D on developing suitable technology on "Reuse of effluent water from dyeing and printing industry, after filtration" is required to be done. JDPA must make sincere efforts to use their effluent water, after treatment as recycled water. (Action-JDPA)
20. JDPA must have its own dedicated team for monitoring of its CETP. The team should comprise of qualified and experienced personnel for Operation & Maintenance. (Action-JDPA)
21. In addition to this, they should follow the earlier use of urea fertilizer in printing design. (Action-JDPA)
22. A long term field experiments need to be taken up with different crops for confirmatory purpose through agricultural university. (Action-Reputed Agricultural University)
23. The farmers shall utilize the effluent contaminated water only if it is treated in the plant and should first get the samples analyzed before using it for irrigation. Similarly, the irrigated soil should also be analyzed periodically. (Action-Individual farmer)
24. JDPA shall provide names and addresses of defaulting units to GPCB and other concerned agencies for suitable action. (Action-JDPA)"
After the receipt of the Final Report of the Committee of Experts, the matter was further adjudicated and it was jointly submitted on behalf of the GPCB as well as the Association that they would like to give suggestions to this Court in respect of the report given by the said Committee. Accordingly, we permitted both the respondents i.e. respondent No. 5 and the GPCB vide order dated 9th February 2012 to give their suggestions to the Committee, which had already submitted its report. The Committee submitted its supplementary report dated 9th April 2012 after considering the suggestions made by the Association dated 22nd February 2012 as well as the suggestions of the GPCB, and after careful study of the suggestions of the Association, the Committee once again revisited some of the sites at Jetpur and also discussed the matter. Accordingly, few suggestions of the Committee were modified. Few salient features of the supplementary report submitted by the Committee on 9th April 2012 are as under:
The Committee recommended that in an emergent situation or gross violation of any of the norms or rules or regulations, it should be kept open for the Gujarat Pollution Control Board to involve other Government machineries even for a limited period.
The Committee agreed that it would not be in the fitness of things to involve Talati of a particular area but the Collector or the Mamlatdar of a particular area could be asked to keep a close watch over the units, and if any illegal activity is noticed, then they should inform the Gujarat Pollution Control Board.
The Committee was of the opinion that dyeing of sarees or clothes by itself would not create pollution as it is a practice followed since time immemorial. However, the Committee suggested that the activity of dyeing should be undertaken in such a manner that it would have no adverse effect on the agricultural activities.
The Committee further suggested that one sewerage treatment plant having the capacity of 50 lac liters per day must be constructed at the cost of the Association and the Association must be asked to operate such sewerage treatment plant on behalf of the Nagarpalika till the Nagarpalika makes its own sewerage treatment plant.
An undertaking on oath has also been filed on behalf of the respondent No.5-Association through its President, wherein, it has undertaken to abide by the recommendations of the Experts Committee including the supplementary report. The respondent No.5 has also undertaken to complete the construction of common Effluent Treatment Plant at Bhatgam within a period of two and a half years i.e. by November 2014, and make it functional. The Association has also undertaken to identify outlet site in place of Derdi by December 2012, and will report about the same to the GPCB. The Association has undertaken to complete the construction within two and a half years from the date of NOC and approval from the GPCB. The Association has also undertaken to treat municipal sewerage by constructing a sewerage treatment plant having capacity of treating 50 lac liters sewerage per day, and after treatment, its treated effluent would be taken over to the CETP for further treatment. The Association has undertaken to complete the construction of such STP within a period of 6 to 8 months from today at its cost and will continue to treat waste water/effluent till Jetpur municipality makes its own treatment plant in approximately a period of five years.
After taking into consideration the aforesaid factual background of the entire litigation, now time has come for us to decide as to whether, we should close this Public Interest Litigation, by issuing appropriate final directions or we should continue to monitor the progress for a further period in the interest of the people at large.
The Supreme Court in Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v/s. Union of India, reported in (1996)5 SCC 647, considered in detail the "sustainable development" to the extent which has been recognised under the international law and also its practicability under the environmental laws in India. The Supreme Court in the said judgment held that the "precautionary principle" and "the polluter pays" principle have been accepted as part of the law of the land. The relevant part of the judgment is as under :
"11.
Some of the salient principles of "Sustainable Development", as called out from Brundtland Report and other international documents, are Inter-Generational Equity, Use and Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection, the Precautionary Principle, Polluter Pays Principle, Obligation to Assist and Co-operate, Eradication of Poverty and Financial Assistance to the developing countries. We are, however, of the view that "The Precautionary Principle" and "The Polluter Pays" principle are essential features of "Sustainable Development." The "Precautionary Principle" - in the context of the municipal law - means :
Environmental measures - by the State Government and the statutory authorities - must anticipate, prevent and attack the causes of environmental degradation.
Where there are threats of serious and irreversible damage, lack of scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation.
The "Onus of proof' is on the actor or the developer/industrialist to show that his action is environmentally benign.
"The Polluter Pays" principle has been held to be a sound principle by this Court in Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India, (1996)3 SCC 212. The Court observed:
"We are of the opinion that any principle evolved in this behalf should be simple, practical and suited to the conditions obtaining in this country".
The Court ruled that:
"...once the activity carried on is hazardous or inherently dangerous, the person carrying on such activity is liable to make good the loss caused to any other person by his activity irrespective of the fact Whether he took reasonable care While carrying on his activity. The rule is premised upon the very nature of the activity carried on".
Consequently the polluting industries are ''absolutely liable to compensate for the harm caused by them to villagers in the affected area, to the soil and to the underground water and hence, they are bound to take all necessary measures to remove sludge and other pollutants lying in the affected areas". The ''Polluter Pays'' principle as interpreted by this Court means that the absolute liability for harm to the environment extends not only to compensate the victims of pollution but also the cost of restoring the environmental degradation. Remediation of the damaged environment is part of the process of ''Sustainable Development'' and as such polluter is liable to pay the cost to the individual sufferers as well as the cost of reversing the damaged ecology.
The Precautionary Principle and the Polluter Pays Principle have been accepted as part of the law of the land. Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees protection of life and personal liberty. Articles 47, 48A and 51-A(g) of the Constitution are as under :
"47.
Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health- The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and in particular, the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.
48A.
Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life - The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.
51A(g).
To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures."
We heard Mr.Dipak H.Sindhi, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner, Mr.P.K.Jani, learned Government Pleader, appearing for the respondent Nos.1, 2 and 4, Ms.Dharmishta Raval and Mrs.Kalpana K.Raval, learned advocates for the respondent No.3 - GPCB, Mr.M.C.Bhatt, learned senior counsel, appearing with Mr.R.D.Raval for the respondent No.5 - Association and Mr.R.R.Trivedi appearing with Mr.Bhavesh P.Trivedi, learned advocate, for the respondent No.6 - Jetpur Nagarpalika.
Having heard the learned counsel for the respective parties and having gone through the materials on record, we are of the opinion that the level of pollution at Jetpur and surrounding areas was alarming. We are of the view that monitoring for some more time at our end is still necessary to protect the ecologically-fragile Jetpur Taluka. We may only say that it is only when this Court started looking into this matter that the authorities concerned thought fit to take appropriate steps. Over a period of time, the situation has improved to a considerable extent, and we are sure that with the cooperation of one and all, the ecological conditions at Jetpur and its surrounding areas can be made much better and all endeavours must be made to take care of the problem of water pollution and soil pollution. On suggestions being made by the GPCB and other authorities, many units were ordered to be closed down, and most of the illegal washing ghats where illegal washing activities were being undertaken, have been demolished. However, it appears that, there are still few washing ghats which may not be authorised by the GPCB are still continuing with the activity leading to pollution. After assessing the situation and being satisfied about the steps being taken to curb the problem of pollution, we also started passing orders of trial run of such units, whereby the units are given a chance to start its operation and the GPCB would monitor the same and place its report as to whether the units are complying with all the norms and should be permitted to continue its operation. Many individual petitions by the respective unit have been preferred and are still pending before this Court. We have extended the order of the trial run time and again on being satisfied that the concerned unit is complying with the norms and is not creating any pollution. Wherever GPCB have objected saying that the unit has failed to comply with the norms and is creating pollution, we have authorized GPCB to close down such Units.
As stated above, we do not close this Public Interest Litigation but would like to issue few directions and continue to monitor the further progress in the matter for some more time. Thus, we issue the following directions:
In all pending writ petitions of individual units, wherein we have ordered trial run, we direct the GPCB to permit such individual units to give three months trial run from today. However, it is clarified that during this period of three months, the GPCB shall continue to inspect the respective unit periodically, preferably every 15 days, and if it is found by the GPCB at any point of time that a particular unit is creating pollution or is not complying with the directions issued by this Court or the GPCB, it shall be open for the GPCB to immediately pass an order of closure as recommended by the Experts Committee. On expiry of period of three months' trial run, the respective unit shall directly apply with the GPCB for further extension of three months' trial run, and on such application being made, the GPCB shall decide the same and pass necessary orders in accordance with law.
Respondent no.3 - GPCB shall organize a task force or a team, if necessary, and it would also be open for the GPCB to mobilize other departmental officers of the State for strict implementation of our directions as well as the recommendations of the Experts Committee.
There should be periodical inspection of the entire area so far as illegal washing ghats are concerned, and if any person is found operating such illegal washing ghats, the District Collector/Mamlatdar/Association is directed to inform the GPCB so that appropriate steps could be taken by the GPCB.
We also direct the District Collector/Mamlatdar to take immediate steps for demolition of such illegal washing ghats and also to take necessary legal action against the owner of the land who may have permitted construction of such illegal washing ghats.
Respondent No.5 Association is directed to immediately undertake the work of construction of sewerage treatment plant at Jetpur at its cost to treat municipal sewerage, having a capacity of treating at least 50 lac liters of sewerage per day, within a period of 6 to 8 months from today. Respondent No. 5 Association shall continue to treat municipal waste water/effluent till Jetpur Nagarpalika sets up its own plant in approximately five years.
Respondent No. 6 Jetpur Nagarpalika is directed to fully cooperate with the GPCB and other authorities so far as the cleaning its gutters and disposal of its solid waste is concerned.
Respondent No. 5 Association is directed to make CETP at Bhatgam, District Junagadh, operational at any cost, within a period of two and a half years, that is, by November 2014. Respondent No. 5 Association shall exhibit promptness so far as construction of CETP at Bhatgam is concerned, as undertaken by the Association.
Respondent No. 5 Association shall immediately identify outlet sites to the GPCB instead of Derdi for setting up of CETP, within a period of three months from today, that is, by December 2012, and the GPCB is directed to immediately issue necessary NOC in that regard.
Respondent No.5 Association is directed to complete the construction of CETP at such outlet site within a period of two and a half years from the date of obtaining an NOC from the GPCB.
Respondent No.5 Association is directed to strictly comply with the conditions mentioned in Annexures-I and II, and in case of any violation of any of the conditions, it will be open for the respondent No.3 GPCB to take appropriate action in accordance with law.
We have issued comprehensive directions for achieving the end result in this case. We direct the Registry of this Court to notify this matter after a period of six months from today.
We give liberty to the parties to approach this Court as and when necessary.
In view of the order passed in the main matter, all the connected Civil Applications would not survive and are accordingly disposed of.
(BHASKAR BHATTACHARYA, CJ.) (J.B.PARDIWALA, J.) /MOIN


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Eager to learn and work on free and open source software.
Has worked with security analysis software.
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October 04, 2003
Tiger attacks Roy during magic performance
San Francisco Chronicle | Submitted by: Soylent
Roy has been attacked! Roy Horn of the fabulous duo Siegfried and Roy was attacked onstage by a rare white Bengal tiger. He is at UNLV University Hospital listed in critical condition. Witnesses described the incident as Ray looking like a "rag doll". The show has been cancelled indefinitely.
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Read article... and
This article...
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CIA leak keeps getting worse
Washington Post | Submitted by: Gambrinus
"The leak of a CIA operative's name has also exposed the identity of a CIA front company, potentially expanding the damage caused by the original disclosure, Bush administration officials said yesterday. ... After the name of the company was broadcast yesterday, administration officials confirmed that it was a CIA front. ... The inadvertent disclosure of the name of a business affiliated with the CIA underscores the potential damage to the agency and its operatives caused by the leak of Plame's identity. Intelligence officials have said that once Plame's job as an undercover operative was revealed, other agency secrets could be unraveled and her sources might be compromised or endangered."
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Read article...
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Dr. Laura insists that wives spread 'em
News Corporation | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"Women are duty-bound to provide their husbands with sex on demand, claims a controversial book on achieving wedded bliss. Wives have a 'loving obligation' to have sex whenever they are asked for it -- even if they are not in the mood, says American author Dr Laura Schlessinger. ... 'If husbands are expected to go to work and earn money and visit relatives they don't like, why can't wives put out on demand?'"
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NYFD suckered by Scientology
New York Times | Submitted by: Reid Fleming
"More than 140 New York City firefighters, some ailing from their work in the ruins of the World Trade Center, have walked into a seventh-floor medical clinic just two blocks from the former disaster site. Once inside, some have abandoned the medical care and emotional counseling provided to them by their own department's doctors, and all have taken up a treatment regimen devised by L. Ron Hubbard, the late science fiction writer and founder of the Church of Scientology. ... Joseph Higgins, a retired firefighter who is now a paid member of the clinic's advisory board, said Tom Cruise, the actor, had paid for 'quite a bit' of the treatments for rescue workers, estimated by Mr. Higgins to cost $5,000 to $6,000 apiece."
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20-year sentence for graverobber
News Corporation | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"A crematorium owner who removed heads, knees, spines and other parts from dozens of bodies and sold them to medical researchers was sentenced to 20 years in prison. ... Prosecutors said the former owner of Pacific Care Crematorium in Lake Elsinore, southeast of Los Angeles, removed parts from bodies intended for cremation, selling them to research companies through his business, Biotech Anatomical."
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Redneck Day proves problematic for high school
WKMG-TV 6 Orlando | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"Some parents are angry over a 'Redneck Day' held as part of a weeklong homecoming celebration, saying it inflamed racial tension at Northview High School. One black parent said her 10th grade daughter got into a fight over racial slurs during the event Wednesday and was suspended from the school in this rural Florida Panhandle community. ... 'A redneck is an ignorant, white racist,' parent Shirley Moorer said."
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Preschooler killed by soccer goal
Chicago Sun-Times | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"Zachary Tran started skiing at age 3, joined a soccer league at age 4 1/2, and signed up for hockey at age 5. By age 6, he had added snowboarding in Aspen, baseball and camping. On Wednesday, a soccer goal at Century Park in Vernon Hills toppled over on the first-grader, fracturing his skull just before a practice. ... Police said they later found the goal was not secured to the ground, a situation the Consumer Product Safety Commission has warned for years is dangerous. Since 1979, 26 people have died from toppled-over soccer goals that were not properly secured."
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Philadelphia hospital accommodates racist demand
Philadelphia Inquirer | Submitted by: UncleGum
"For several days in early September, supervisors at Abington Memorial Hospital told African American employees to stay out of a patient's room after a man ordered that no blacks assist in the delivery of his child. Despite a hospital policy stating that 'care will be provided on a nondiscriminatory basis,' maternity ward staffers accommodated the man's wishes. ... 'The staff informed our African American employees that there was a volatile situation, and they suggested that they not interact with the family,' she said. 'In some cases, they actually told employees that they probably ought not to go into the room.'"
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It's splatterday night live
Independent | Submitted by: Kero
"Derren Brown, the 'psychological illusionist,' is determined to press ahead tomorrow night with a game of Russian roulette using a loaded gun live -- more or less -- on British television. ... At about 9.45pm, one of three people, chosen from 12,000 volunteers to assist, will load a live bullet into a handgun and hand it to Brown at a secret location outside the UK. In the words of his publicity team, 'he will then use his infamous ability to predict people's behaviour to determine which of the numbered chambers contains the bullet.' He will put the gun to his head, and pull the trigger until he comes to the live chamber, when he will fire the gun at the floor."
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Russian utilities announce housepet repos
BBC | Submitted by: Kreepy Monster
"If you live in Russia's Far East and don't pay your electricity bills on time, you would be well advised to keep a close eye on your pets. The local electricity company is threatening to take them hostage in order to force consumers to pay up. ... according to the authorities, there is nothing illegal about seizing pets."
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Frogs from Heaven
Wire Services | Submitted by: Veggie
"Primo D'Agata was startled by what he thought was hail smacking on his porch Sept. 19 as the remnants of Isabel moved through the state. But when he went outside to investigate, D'Agata discovered tiny, gelatinous eggs with dark spots in the middle. It had apparently been raining frogs. Since no frogs in Connecticut lay eggs this late in the year, scientists and naturalists speculate they may have come up from North Carolina or another warm location on the winds of Isabel."
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Canadian Prime Minister longs for the chronic
canada.com | Submitted by: Gorg
"The 69-year-old prime minister has never smoked marijuana, he says, but he joked in an interview this week he might be willing to give it a try once it's decriminalized. ... Chretien was asked how it felt to have bills for decriminalizing marijuana and legalizing same-sex marriages as the exclamation points to his lengthy political career. 'I don't know what is marijuana,' Chretien replied. 'Perhaps I will try it when it will no longer be criminal. I will have my money for my fine and a joint in the other hand.'"
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I have opened http port on my router to give me access to emoncms on my local Pi from anywhere on the internet. This works well, although since I don't have any form dynamic DNS setup my WAN IP regularly changes. Setting up a dynamic DNS would solve this problem but since the Pi is also posting my data to a remote emoncms server I though why not get it to post it's external WAN IP to the remote emoncms as a number of feeds.
Here is a bash script I wrote to do just that, I'm a beginner when it comes to programming to please point out if you think this could be done easier.
The setup I've got working does require a small php script which returns the users IP to be put on the remote server. This script is then called from the local Pi and the IP address posted back to the remote server as four integer feeds. I set this script to run as cron ever couple of hours.
Maybe something like this could form the basis of an emoncms Module in the future. I think it would also be very useful for people installing energy monitoring systems based using the Pi as an emonbase and require remote ssh access for debugging, updating etc
#!/bin/bash
: <<'END'
Place the following PHP script as IP.php in the root directory of your remote server to return the users IP address
<?php
//Gets the IP address
$ip = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR") ;
Echo $ip;
?>
END
URL="http://REMOTE_EMONCMS_URL"
API="REMOTE_EMONCMS_APIKEY"
PATH_TO_EMONCMS="/emoncms"
NODE_ID=30 #node ID for WAN IP to be posted to
WANIP=`wget -q -O - $URL/ip`
arr=$(echo $WANIP | tr "." "\n")
for x in $arr
do
((i++))
IP[$i]="$x";
done
echo ${IP[*]}
curl --request GET "$URL$PATH_TO_EMONCMS/input/post.json node=$NODE_ID&csv=${IP[1]},${IP[2]},${IP[3]},${IP[4]}&apikey=$API"
Posting WAN Raspberry Pi IP address to emoncms - dev test idea
Submitted by glyn.hudson on Sun, 22/12/2013 - 15:49Recently I have been testing controlling my heating system from emoncms running on a local raspberry Pi: http://openenergymonitor.blogspot.com/2013/12/emoncms-early-heating-control-demo.html
This works great when I'm in the house (although I still need to work on a front-end UI), maybe this heating scheduler could be integrated: https://github.com/elyobelyob/boiler-scheduler-php ?
I have opened http port on my router to give me access to emoncms on my local Pi from anywhere on the internet. This works well, although since I don't have any form dynamic DNS setup my WAN IP regularly changes. Setting up a dynamic DNS would solve this problem but since the Pi is also posting my data to a remote emoncms server I though why not get it to post it's external WAN IP to the remote emoncms as a number of feeds.
Here is a bash script I wrote to do just that, I'm a beginner when it comes to programming to please point out if you think this could be done easier.
The setup I've got working does require a small php script which returns the users IP to be put on the remote server. This script is then called from the local Pi and the IP address posted back to the remote server as four integer feeds. I set this script to run as cron ever couple of hours.
Maybe something like this could form the basis of an emoncms Module in the future. I think it would also be very useful for people installing energy monitoring systems based using the Pi as an emonbase and require remote ssh access for debugging, updating etc
#!/bin/bash : <<'END'Place the following PHP script as IP.php in the root directory of your remote server to return the users IP address <?php
//Gets the IP address
$ip = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR") ;
Echo $ip;
?>
END URL="http://REMOTE_EMONCMS_URL" API="REMOTE_EMONCMS_APIKEY"
PATH_TO_EMONCMS="/emoncms"
NODE_ID=30 #node ID for WAN IP to be posted to WANIP=`wget -q -O - $URL/ip` arr=$(echo $WANIP | tr "." "\n") for x in $arr
do
((i++))
IP[$i]="$x";
done echo ${IP[*]} curl --request GET "$URL$PATH_TO_EMONCMS/input/post.json node=$NODE_ID&csv=${IP[1]},${IP[2]},${IP[3]},${IP[4]}&apikey=$API"


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Threesa Infoway Pvt LtdShop No 4, 1st Floor, Anand Ram Laghu Sankul, Near Siddhanchal Phase V, Vasant Vihar, Thane(W) | ||||
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Amount in Received By : | {{data.createdby}} |


Text Utilities¶
json_sorter
¶
Take a json
file, sort the keys and insert 4 spaces for indents.
One Line Solution¶
>>> sorted((json.loads(open('settings.json').read()).items()), key=operator.getitemattr)
You definitely shouldn’t implement it as a one liner, as you can clearly see,; however 5 functions and a handful of instantiated classes and debugging, and we’re somehow barely closer to done.
The functions for reading and writing files could be refactored and used over the entire package.
The logger should be set up that way.
This code is going to easily clear 100 lines when a JSON encoded object shouldn’t take more than a few lines to de-serialize and work with.
This’ll serve as a good template for testing out tools to build a simple script with.
The problem is already solved. Let’s see what we can’t squeeze out of our tools along the way.
Interestingly enough, this display of excessiveness started as a simple quick fix.
Originally, this module was used to fix my ../.vscode/settings.json from VSCode.
-
pyutil.json_sorter.
_parse_arguments
()[source]¶ Parse arguments given by the user.
This implementation still, somehow isn’t done. An option for inplace modifications needs to be added.
Unfortunately this will be mutually exclusive to the output file option. So we’ll need to work on learning argparse.mutually_exclusive_groups.
- Returns
args – Arguments provided by the user and handled by argparse.
- Return type
argparse.NameSpace()
-
pyutil.json_sorter.
sort_json
(file_obj)[source]¶ Read in a
json
object, sort it and write it back to a new file.By writing to a new file, the user is allowed the opportunity to inspect the file and ensure that the desired results have been achieved.
wrap
¶
Wrap text similarly to textwrap.dedent()
but with multiple paragraphs.
Allow the user to input any parameters that are accepted by
textwrap.TextWrapper
-
class
pyutil.wrap.
TextWrap
¶ Subclass
textwrap.TextWrapper()
.Primarily want to modify initialized arguments. Not entirely looking to reimplement the text formatting methods, both private and public.
Now the publicly available methods from
TextWrapper
.:>>> from textwrap import TextWrapper >>> dir(TextWrapper) ['_fix_sentence_endings', '_handle_long_word', '_munge_whitespace', '_split', '_split_chunks', '_wrap_chunks', 'fill', 'sentence_end_re', 'unicode_whitespace_trans', 'uspace', 'wordsep_re', 'wordsep_simple_re', 'wrap', 'x']
__init__().text
defaults to None.However, it is still a required parameter. It’s simply not enforced. We’re all responsible users here right?
- Parameters
text (str) – A multi-line string.
-
wrap_paragraphs
(text, ncols)¶ Wrap multiple paragraphs to fit a specified width.
This is equivalent to
textwrap.wrap()
, but with support for multiple paragraphs, as separated by empty lines.- Parameters
text (str) – text to wrap using
re
andtextwrap.dedent()
ncols (int) – column to wrap text at
- Returns wrapped_text
list of complete paragraphs, wrapped to fill
ncols
columns.- Return type
list of str
Examples¶
>>> from wrap import ZimText
>>> wrapper = ZimText()
>>> f = open('unix-ide-editing.txt')
>>> text = f.read()
>>> wrapped = wrapper.wrap(text)
>>> with open('unix-ide-editing.txt', 'wt') as f:
... f.write(text)
See also


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Write about whatever is in your mind. Check in to see how you're feeling -- are you hungry, thirsty, anxious, excited, bored? Are you procrastinating, and what exactly is it that you're procrastinating?
 It's just to help you get a feeling for what patterns match up with each other.
Like, do you go to Facebook when you're feeling lonely? Or hungry? At some point, I noticed that I was going to a certain website when I also happened to be craving sweets. What does that mean? I don't really know, but it makes me think that I was somehow using this website as a reward mechanism, and I would go there instead of eating something sweet since it was more accessible than ice cream if I was already on the computer.
And I think that's ok, for what it is? But it helps me understand better what it is that I'm looking for when I go there. And I can figure out if I'm getting what I'm hoping for when I go there. If not, I should probably just go get ice cream, or go for a run, or whatever.


Azure
API
Management
Bryan Coller
Bryan Coller
|
|
Director @ |
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
Consulting Experience
|
| Roughly 20
years of development industry experience (Java, .NET) |
Built software
for major manufacturing, healthcare and insurance providers in the Milwaukee, Chicago
area |
Relevant Focus Areas
|
~15 years Service-Oriented Architectures
|
~3 years API Management |
~1 year Azure |
Agenda
- API Management Overview
- Why Azure API Management?
- Use Cases/Demos
- Q&A
Goal
- Demonstrate the capabilities of API Management through the eyes of Azure.
API Management Overview
API Management Overview
- API Facade/Gateway for existing (backend) systems
Courtesy of: Apigee
|
Masks complexity & simplifies accessing those underlying systems/APIs |
API Management Core Components
- Gateway (API Management Runtime)
- Proxy API requests/responses
- Policies (throttling, security, etc)
- Products (Bundles of APIs)
- Transform/Orchestrate requests/responses
- Handle authentication, authorization
- Caching and analytics collection
- Publishing tools (API Administrator)
- Manage API lifecycle (Creation, versioning, revisions, retirement)
- Managing access and policies
- Developer testing & debugging
API Management Core Components, cont'd
- Developer portal/API store (API Consumer)
- Self-service access to APIs
- Interactive console for test-driving
- Ability to subscribe, gain access keys
- Reporting and analytics (API Administrator/Stakeholder)
- Monitor and report on API usage and loads
- Raise alerts
- Monetization (API Stakeholder)
API Management Logical View
Why Azure API Management?
Many API Managment vendors:
Azure API Management: Pros/Cautions
| Pros |
Cautions |
- Immediate option for Azure organizations
- Easy learning
- Quickly up-and-running
- Easy UI/UX
|
- Long-term viability in evolving API Management market
- Does not support hosted on-premise deployments
- Lacks standardized promotion/deployment options
- Azure is an evolving cloud product (things change a lot)
|
API Management on Azure
Use Cases/Demos
- Proxy Pattern
- Transformation/Mediation
- Orchestration
- OAuth2.0
API Management Use Cases
Proxy Pattern
- Most frequently used pattern
Proxy Pattern
|
- Best for modern (REST/JSON/OpenAPI) services
Demo
Proxy using REST/JSON via OpenAPI/Swagger
API Management Use Cases, cont'd
Transformation/Mediation
- Legacy APIs/Services can be complex
- Transform (mediate) to modern practices
- Encapsulate underlying service details
|
|
|
Message Translator Pattern
|
Content Filter Pattern
|
Demo
Transformation from SOAP/WSDL to REST/JSON/OpenAPI
API Management Use Cases, cont'd
Orchestration
- Require data from multiple systems
- Multiple endpoints/transports/protocols
- Prefer a single client request/response
- Encapsulating and aggregating multiple backend requests
Scatter & Gather Pattern
|
Gateway Aggregation Pattern
|
Demo
Multiple aggregated backend (Google Maps) calls
API Management Use Cases, cont'd
OAuth2.0
- Token-based access to resources.
- Can be on behalf of user or an application
OAuth2.0 Client Credentials Flow
|
OAuth2.0 using Azure Active Directory
Demo
Create an OAuth2.0 Client Credentials Proxy
Validate JWT Token
API Management DevOps Recommendation


Charme is a distributed social network with client side encryption. This means you can choose a server, where your data is stored or even set up your own, and the server can not read your messages.
Multiple Walls
You are not interested in someones private life, but like the music she or he produces?
Charme allows you to create different walls, so called collections, which can be subscribed separately. So in this case you would only subscribe to the Music Collection.
Mobility
We will release Apps for smartphones and talbets.
Technology and Design at its finest
Charme has a minimalistic design reduced on the important functions. To reduce web traffic we only load JSON Data from server, no html.
Everything you expect from a social network
Stream, Profile, Messaging and more.
Simply all you need for communication and sharing.
The Infrastructure
The Charme network consits of many independent servers and data centers. You can choose a provider where your data is stored or even set up your own server.
We use GridFS/MongoDB in combination with PHP for a super scalable and fail safe infrastructure which is capable to maintain millions of users on a single - or multiple data centers.
From time to time we are looking for some beta testers. You can register here and receive an email if we have choosen you. This may take a while. We can not accept every beta request.
If you know how, you can also grab the source code from GitHub and setup a test server. Installation instructions can be found here.
WARNING: FOR CHARME BETA DO NOT PROVIDE ANY PERSONAL INFORMATION IN YOUR ACCOUNT! We have not implemented privacy control yet. However, your mail address and password is secure :)
Whats your first name?
Whats you email adress? You will send the acoount data to this address
Spam protection: 4+4=
Tell us something abount yourself. Why do you want to test this?


subscriptions.conf
Section: Apple Inc. (5)Updated: CUPS
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
subscriptions.conf - subscriptions file for cupsDESCRIPTION
The subscriptions.conf file defines the local subscriptions that are active. It is normally located in the /etc/cups directory and is generated automatically by the cupsd(8) program when subscriptions are created, renewed, or cancelled.Each line in the file can be a configuration directive, a blank line, or a comment. Comment lines start with the # character.
DIRECTIVES
- <Subscription NNN> ... </Subscription>
-
Defines a subscription. - Events name [ ... name ]
-
Specifies the events that are subscribed. - ExpirationTime unix-time
-
Specifies the expiration time of a subscription as a UNIX time value in seconds since January 1st, 1970. - Interval seconds
-
Specifies the preferred time interval for event notifications in seconds. - JobId job-id
-
Specifies the job ID associated with the subscription. - LeaseDuration seconds
-
Specifies the number of seconds that the subscription is valid for. If 0, the subscription does not expire. - NextEventId number
-
Specifies the next notify-sequence-number to use for the subscription. - NextSubscriptionId number
-
Specifies the next subscription-id to use. - Owner username
-
Specifies the user that owns the subscription. - PrinterName printername
-
Specifies the printer or class associated with the subscription. - Recipient uri
-
Specifies the notify-recipient-uri value for push-type notifications. - UserData hex-escaped-data
-
Specifies user data to be included in event notifications. This is typically the "from" address in mailto: notifications.
SEE ALSO
classes.conf(5), cupsd(8), cupsd.conf(5), mime.convs(5), mime.types(5), printers.conf(5)http://localhost:631/help
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2007-2009 by Apple Inc.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:00 GMT, December 24, 2015


Turn On/Off
Anki Deck Name
Anki Type Name
Expression Field
Definition Field
Sentence Field
Repository
Load
Dictionaries
encn-Default
encn-CNDict


Group Atomic Primitives
Portable atomic operations.
Grouped Function Overview
-
TResult atomicAdd(x, y)
Atomically add an integer to another integer. -
TResult atomicCas(x, cmp, y)
Atomic ompare-and-Swap operation. -
TResult atomicDec(x);
Atomically decrement an integer. -
TResult atomicInc(x);
Atomically increment an integer. -
TResult atomicOr(x, y);
Atomically combine two integers with OR operation. -
TResult atomicXor(x, y);
Atomically combine two integers with XOR operation.
Grouped Functions Detail
TResult atomicAdd(x, y)
- Defined in
- <seqan/parallel.h>
Parameters
x
|
Integer, by reference. |
|---|---|
y
|
Integer to add to x. |
Returns
TResult |
The old value of x. |
|---|
Remarks
This is equivalent to an atomic x += y.
Note that atomic fetch-and-add is limited to 32 bit and 64 bit with MSVC (64 bit is only available on 64 bit Windows).
You are responsible for correctly aligning x such that the atomic increment works on the hardware you target.
Data Races
TResult atomicCas(x, cmp, y)
- Defined in
- <seqan/parallel.h>
Parameters
x
|
Pointer to the integer to swap. |
|---|---|
cmp
|
Value to compare x with. |
y
|
Value to set x to if it is equal to cmp. |
Returns
TResult |
Returns the original value of x. |
|---|
Remarks
The pseudo code for this is as follows:
atomic { T val = *(&x); if (val == cmp) *(&x) = y; return val; }
On Windows, atomic CAS is only available for 16, 32, and 64 bit integers, 64 bit is only available on 64 bit Windows.
You are responsible for correctly aligning x such that the atomic increment works on the hardware you target.
Data Races
TResult atomicDec(x);
- Defined in
- <seqan/parallel.h>
Parameters
x
|
An integer, by reference. |
|---|
Returns
TResult |
The old value of $x$, TResult has the same type as x. |
|---|
Remarks
This is equivalent to an atomic --x.
Note that atomic decrements are limited to 32 bit and 64 bit with MSVC (64 bit is only available on 64 bit Windows).
You are responsible for correctly aligning x such that the atomic decrement works on the hardware you target.
Data Races
TResult atomicInc(x);
- Defined in
- <seqan/parallel.h>
Parameters
x
|
An integer, by reference. |
|---|
Returns
TResult |
The old value of $x$, TResult has the same type as x. |
|---|
Remarks
This is equivalent to an atomic ++x.
Note that atomic increments are limited to 32 bit and 64 bit with MSVC (64 bit is only available on 64 bit Windows).
You are responsible for correctly aligning x such that the atomic increment works on the hardware you target.
Data Races
TResult atomicOr(x, y);
- Defined in
- <seqan/parallel.h>
Parameters
x
|
Integer, by reference. |
|---|---|
y
|
Integer to combine with OR operation. |
Returns
TResult |
The old value of x, TResult is the type of x. |
|---|
Remarks
This is equivalent to an atomic x |= y.
Atomic fetch-and-or for 64 bit integers is only available on 64 bit processors when targeting Intel.
Atomic fetch-and-or does not work in VS8 on 64 bit Windows, you can only use atomicOr() portably on 32 and 64 bit integers.
You are responsible for correctly aligning x such that the atomic increment works on the hardware you target.
Data Races
TResult atomicXor(x, y);
- Defined in
- <seqan/parallel.h>
Parameters
x
|
Integer, by reference. |
|---|---|
y
|
Integer to combine with XOR operation. |
Returns
TResult |
The old value of x, TResult is the type of x. |
|---|
Remarks
This is equivalent to an atomic x ^= y.
Atomic fetch-and-xor fxor 64 bit integers is only available on 64 bit processxors when targeting Intel.
Atomic fetch-and-xor does not wxork in VS8 on 64 bit Windows, you can only use atomicXor() pxortably on 32 and 64 bit integers.
You are responsible fxor cxorrectly aligning x such that the atomic increment wxorks on the hardware you target.


Chicago City Council Employees
Search
Add Employee
About
Search For Employees
Name...
Title...
Salary...
Department...
Add New Employee
Description: This app just searches up employees on the Chicago City Data Portal.


Introduction
As part of learning process with JavaScript, I intended to keep this as much as short so that anyone can consume it and get going easily and particularly to avoid overwhelming.
Thank You Freecodecamp
As part of learning process with JavaScript, I intended to keep this as much as short so that anyone can consume it and get going easily and particularly to avoid overwhelming.


Easy, just do this:
String fileName = args[0] ;
The constructor for BufferedReader
looks
like this:
BufferedReader( Reader in )
The constructor for FileReader
looks
like this:
FileReader( String fileName ) throws FileNotFoundException
The methods from BufferedReader
which
interest us are:
void close() throws IOException close the stream int read() throws IOException read a single character into an int String readLine() throws IOException read one line of characters into a String.
The read()
method will be discussed later.
(Both classes have other constructors and methods
which will not be discussed here).


Jack of Trades
Enter your level and find out how many days of Jack of Trades until you reach your goal.
Jack of Trades
Normal
Master
Supreme
Legendary
Aura Resets
Current Level


© 2012-2015 Pokémon Card Maker II. Pokémon Card Maker II is not affiliated with Nintendo, GameFreak, or any of its affiliates. Pokémon is © 1996-2015 Pokémon/Nintendo. Graphics used in Pokémon Card Maker II are the property of their respective owners and may not be used or redistributed without their permission.


--- title: AutoML keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "functions for automated ML" ---
get_num_nodes
get_num_nodes(num_all_nodes:int=64, num_stages:int=3, fold:int=4)
num_all_nodes
int
64
num_stages
3
fold
4
generate num of nodes of all stages randomly, constrint to a condition based on fold
num_nodes = get_num_nodes(num_all_nodes=64, num_stages=3, fold=4) num_nodes
[12, 7, 34, 11]


A plank on two bricks and we have to make it fall on the ground by hitting with a ball
Face off between 2 teams with 1 team forming a circle hitting the team inside the circle and the team knocking of whole team in less time will win.
Two people dodgin for a ball in the middle and the one which takes the the ball first wins.
Playing with marbles
Apart from these , there are events like Musical chairs ,Gilli-Danda,Maaram-Pitti,Rubik's cube.
Pastry eating without using hands.
With the eggs lying over the ground, the player should walk a certain distance without breaking those.(The player will be blindfolded ).
The player have to reach a certain point where the fruit slices are placed in a bucket and pick those only using his/her mouth, and reach the initial point. After collecting 3 slices in this way, they have to eat all those collected slices standing at the intial point. The one who completes this task first will be taken to the next level( 7 people will play at a time).. Maximum number of pieces should be eaten in 1 min 30 .
This is a suprise event with team size of 2. It will be a competition with level 1 on 22nd feb and level 2 on 23rd feb.


 WE HAVE OUR OWN FORUM AND POKEDEX AND WILL BE ON POKEMON SHOWDOWN OR POKEBATTLE SOON.
BAM Forum
The BAM forum is where we discuss our ideas and record them, everthing from moves, to item to the pokemon themselves all have a place for discussion. It also has a chat for you to talk to us live if you wish. It's also a good way to learn about the project and get involved youself. We also need spriters so if you know how to make pixal art please sign up on the forum and make a introduction thread. See the forum here.
BAMDEX
The BAMDEX is BAM's version of the smogdex, made by scratch by myself ouside of a JS file for sortable tables and searchable tables. It has tables of all types of pokemon and BAM information that are sortable and have search bars. I update it weekly and make progress on the moves list when I have time. I plan on making a master search and a homepage after the moves list is completed. View it here.


{# Copyright (c) 2012, VeRSI Consortium #} {# (Victorian eResearch Strategic Initiative, Australia) #} {# All rights reserved. #} {# #} {# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without #} {# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions #} {# are met: #} {# #} {# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright #} {# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. #} {# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above #} {# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following #} {# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided #} {# with the distribution. #} {# * Neither the name of the VeRSI, the VeRSI Consortium members, nor #} {# the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote #} {# products derived from this software without specific prior #} {# written permission.   #}


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block page_title %}Update Project{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Select any of the buttons to navigate to the update page for that part of the project


My To Do List
Add
Learn HTML,CSS and Bootstrap
Learn JS
Learn How to Hack
Python
Create a fully functional Application
Build an online Profile and Resume
Learn Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Next


In this lesson, we add metadata to the component to expose it in Lightning App Builder. We then add it to the default account record home page in Lightning Experience.
Lightning App Builder allows you to customize pages with clicks, not code. Custom components may be added to pages allowing for infinite customization. If you're not familiar with Lightning App Builder and Lightning pages, check out the Lightning App Builder documentation.
Every Lightning web components includes a metadata file declaring its type, version information, and whether it's accessible by other namespaces. The metadata file for the playground component, playground.js-meta.xml, looks like this.
Step 1
Update the metadata file to specify the component may be added to record home Lightning Pages (lightning__RecordHome
) and can receive the active record Id (lightning__HasRecordId
) via a recordId
attribute. Replace the contents of playground.js-meta.xml with this.
Step 2
The account card component is now on the account record home page! Return to this page and proceed to the next lesson.


| Particulars | Quantity | Rate | Freight Charges |
Other Charges |
Total Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
{% if lr_number %}
LR No:
{{ lr_number|linebreaks }}
Shipment Date: {{ date|date:'d-M-Y' }} Source: {{ from_city }} Destination: {{ to_city }} Vehicle No.: {{ lorry_number }} |
{{ charged_weight|floatformat:'3' }} | {{ party_rate }} | {{ freight }} | {{ other_charge }} {% if remarks %}*{% endif %} | {{ total_amount }} |
| Total | {{ total_amount }} | ||||
| Advance Paid | {{ advance_to_transiq_inr }} | ||||
| Balance Amount | {{ balance_amount }} | ||||
| Rupees {{ total_amount_in_rupee|title }} only |


Copy your code below, and click submit.
Full size:
Counted bytes:
The full size must not exceed 4096 bytes (rule §2.1).
The number of counted bytes must not exceed 2048 (rule §2.2).
Copy your code below, and click submit.
Full size:
Counted bytes:
The full size must not exceed 4096 bytes (rule §2.1).
The number of counted bytes must not exceed 2048 (rule §2.2).


TYTYNE
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