--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: 20th Anniversary of the First Night Game author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>excerpt: "\n\n \n\nToday is the 20th anniversary of the first night game at Wrigley Field. Actually, tomorrow is officially the 20th anniversary of the first night game. The game on 8/8/88 was called after 3 1/2 innings because of weather. At that time, my parents owned a True Value, which was one of the coroporate sponsors for the evening. Well, True Value had some contest to give tickets away and there was this sweet box you put your entry into that was shaped like the Wrigley Field sign that's on the stadium at the corner of Clark and Addison. I should have kept that box, it'll probably be worth something someday considering it was designed specially for the night game. Now I wasn't able to win this contest because I was a family member of employees of True Value. As an 10 year old, my parents had to explain this concept to me daily throughout the summer. \n\nSo here we are, a short 20 years later. I could write some great comprehensive blog documenting the best 10 moments " wordpress_id: 178 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.wordpress.com/?p=178 date: '2008-08-08 13:44:32 +0000' date_gmt: '2008-08-08 18:44:32 +0000' categories: - Broadcasters/Networks - The Cubs - Wrigley Field tags: - 8/8/88 - Brewers - Cardinals - CC Sabathia - Clark and Addison - Day Games - Ivy Envy - Jim Edmonds - Kermit the Frog - Len Kasper - Nickelodeon - Night Game - October - Pat and Ron - True Value - Wrigley Field - Wrigley Field Sign comments: [] ---
Today is the 20th anniversary of the first night game at Wrigley Field. Actually, tomorrow is officially the 20th anniversary of the first night game. The game on 8/8/88 was called after 3 1/2 innings because of weather. At that time, my parents owned a True Value, which was one of the coroporate sponsors for the evening. Well, True Value had some contest to give tickets away and there was this sweet box you put your entry into that was shaped like the Wrigley Field sign that's on the stadium at the corner of Clark and Addison. I should have kept that box, it'll probably be worth something someday considering it was designed specially for the night game. Now I wasn't able to win this contest because I was a family member of employees of True Value. As an 10 year old, my parents had to explain this concept to me daily throughout the summer.
 I could write some great comprehensive blog documenting the best 10 moments under the lights at Wrigley, but we aren't one of those legitimate blogs. The Cubs have not ended their season on a chilly night in October, under the lights with Chicago erupting into bedlam. I'm pretty sure that hasn't happened yet. Wouldn't that be the best moment under the lights at Wrigley?
I've kind of disappeared from Ivy Envy. I help organize an event the first weekend in August, so I've been distracted. The biggest thing that distracts me from watching the Cubs, my job, starts back up next Tuesday, so I will resort to watching night games and reading game-recaps and maybe sneaking in some Pat and Ron while I work. I have to admit, I'll miss Len Kasper's Kermit-the-frog homerun call.
 I'd much rather watch the Cubs than whatever Nickelodeon show is on. But when I go back to work that second week in August, I realize what everyone else that is a contributing member to society has been experiencing all summer and mark the night games on my calendar in anticipation.
I couldn't pick a better series for this weekend than the Cubs vs. Cardinals in Wrigley. I've mentioned before that about half of the people I work with are Cardinals fans and with the way the Cubs have been playing lately, I'd love to go back to work on Tuesday with a series win to brag about. I hope that it's been a long enough summer that they have forgotten everything I have said in the past and I'll be able to convince them that I've ALWAYS liked Jim Edmonds.
So why isn't tonight a night-game? It's the 20 year anniversary of the first night game, a meeting of two teams that are not only involved in the division race but also two teams that make up one of the biggest rivalries in baseball. Oh sorry Brewers fans, you have a long way to go before you de-throne the Cardinals as our biggest rival.


An overview of the Redland storage and retrieval architecture and implementation along with the current problems and issues.
Redland was designed and implemented from early 2000 with a modular approach to the internal parts - each has an interface and a set of implementations of that interface (details of how to do this in C and cross-languages are described in [1]). The storage architecture similarly abstracted the triple storing (librdf_storage class in Redland) away from the user access the RDF graph (librdf_model).
In Redland an RDF triple (librdf_statement) and the three triple terms, subject, predicate and object are nodes (librdf_node) of three types: RDF URI references also known as resources, blank nodes or literals (including datatyped, with/without languages). The nodes are independent of any graph and carry no other state than their respective identity or (for literals) strings.
Redland takes advantage of this and interns both nodes and (RDF) URIs so that triples in the system are three unique pointers to the node objects. All nodes and triples are identified by their content and not attached to any particular graph. This allows triples and nodes to be copied by simple reference counting. When stored, no other information need be recorded for a triple.
RDF graphs do not provide any other structure inside the graph between the triple level and the entire graph; such as sub-graphs or "quoted" triples. As will be discussed later in section 5, Redland introduces a facility called Redland Contexts[4] to aid with the common task of graph merging and tracking the original triple/graph sources.
The user API presented in Redland is a triple-based API one where the triples can be added removed, and searches done by passing in triples with any of the fields allowed to be omitted. This is typically called a "triples matching" query and is a common metaphor for retrieval seen in many RDF APIs and applications. Redland does not provide any way to store standalone nodes and arcs, but navigating the graph that is formed from triples can be done in a node-centric form by using model methods that return the object of a triple with a given (subject, predicate), that is, the node at the end of an arc. such as the pseudo code:
node=model.get_target(subject, predicate)
Retrieval of information from an RDF graph can be in the form of asking for triples that match a certain value - asking for some parts of the triples given other parts that are known. These return RDF concepts such as triples or nodes.
In relation databases, the SQL language provides retrieval by a textual query language rather than concepts in software, and the result are a set of variable bindings. This more classic query language style support is not currently directly available in Redland but underway and in the original design in [1] as another software module. There are many experimental RDF query languages as discussed in [10] but only a few with multiple interoperable implementations such as Squish[9] and RDQL[11] (not a complete list, see [10] for more).
The two store classes that were implemented (and always-present) were an in-memory store (storage name "memory") and a store using hashes of key:value ("hashes"), another class provided by Redland internally (librdf_hash). The Redland librdf_hash class provides key:value maps with duplicate values allowed for a key (aside: GDBM does not support this, which is why it was dropped, see section 4.2). The duplicate values allows duplicate triples to be stored, but this is not the primary reason for allowing them. They are needed to provide redland contexts, described later in section 5.
The current hash implementations are in-memory one based on a custom hash implementation and a persistent one using Sleepycat/Berkeley DB[2] (BDB) or any other. This means that an in-memory store, an in-memory indexed store or a persistent indexed store are all possible.
The in-memory store was designed to be simple to understand so that its operation was trivially verifiable and formed the basis for the storage unit tests. The indexed store was then developed, providing a more sophisticated storage solution.
Table 1 shows the current use of hashes, evolved from the indexes suggested after personal communications with Dan Brickley, informed by earlier work such as rdfDB[5] and earlier projects at the ILRT. The key piece of information used was that the disk access is so much slower than the transfer time or processor time, that it is more expensive and complex to have multiple hashes, identify the key and values uniquely and assign short IDs, than to just store all of the triples in each hash, the approach taken here. It is not clear if this balance still applies several years after the original work.
When a query is done using the triples matching style, Redland picks the most appropriate hash if it is available. When it is not, Redland lists all the (key,value) pairs of one of the hashes that stores all S,P,O and uses the resulting set of triples to match against. In this way, Redland can perform queries when the hash is not available with no user interaction. This store model can thus work with 1 hash only, since the S,P,O are stored in all of the hashes (1-4).
| Hash | Key | Value | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - SP2O | Subject and Predicate | Object | Optimises node-centric query: get targets of (source, arc) |
| 2 - PO2S | Predicate and Object | Subject | Optimises node-centric query: get sources of (arc, target) |
| 3 - SO2P | Subject and Object | Predicate | Optimises node-centric query: get arcs of (source, target) |
| 4 - P2SO (optional) |
Predicate | Subject and Object | Finding nodes using a predicate - useful for structural predicates such as rdf:type or important ones for some application such as foaf:knows in FOAF. |
| 5 - contexts (optional) |
- | - | Used for contexts, see section 5. |
The hashes are used both for the statement queries and the node centric ones. The former are provided by serialising the hash and filtering via the querying statement. This can be very slow for large models so the node-centric indexes are used when only one of the elements of the statement is blank. Node-centric queries mean querying using the Model relative to a particular resource node or arc. The SP2O hash finds outgoing nodes from a resource with a given arc, the PO2S hash finds incoming nodes with a given arc and destination and the SO2P hash finds the arcs between two given nodes. These combinations of indexes have been found to be quite useful in experiments and testbeds implemented previously at ILRT, without the need to have full combination of indexes.
Table 2 shows an alternate set of hashes, which more reflect the use of the triple APIs. It is more often the case that nodes and properties are followed "forward", i.e. from subject and predicate to object, rather than backwards. The SP2O hash would indeed be the best candidate for a 1-hash store solution. As with any choice, this is very application specific, and the P2SO hash might be critical in performance to some work.
| Hash | Key | Value | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - SP2O | Subject and Predicate | Object | Most common use of triples, asking for the object from a given subject and predicate |
| 2 - S2P | Subject | Predicate | Next most common use; from a given subject, find its predicates |
| 3 - contexts (optional) |
- | - | Still optionally needed for contexts, see section 5. |
Redland uses a dynamic hash configuration so that different stores could set up the hashes they want in any combination. This has not been exposed to the user api at this point due to the complexity. It might be better instead to offer a set of hash indexing choices from small to large or optimised for certain uses.
Reviewing what has already been mentioned and outlining the issues with the current in-memory stores, some further extrapalations can be made on the possible aproaches for improving the store.
This is implemented as a doubly linked list which is very simple to develop, understand and trivial to verify correctness. This approach allowed test cases to be built.
Very fast with small models due to simplicity but O(n) in all searches due to no indexing and inappropriate for graphs with moderate number sof triples.
Using in-memory hash types, this provides an indexed and fast in-memory store.
BDB has a feature that if no filename is provided for the persistent store, it will create an in-memory one instead. This is possible but has not been tested.
The goal of portability for Redland led to the on-disk store being developed that used either entirely standalone resources or widely available and stable databases. The first store based on hashes for the storing and indexing let the system depend on earlier work on persistent btree-based storage such as BDB.
BDB is widely available on many systems (Unix, Linux, POSIX, others) and has a long history, being developed in the early 1990s. There are four major versions of BDB seen in deployed systems each with different and slightly incompatible APIs; some of the minor versions also have APi changes. This meant a lot of torturous configuration and options to support but Redland currently can use BDB from version 2.4 to 4.1 (or later).
The persistent store using on-disk BDB hashes originally also had a GNU DBM (GDBM) implementation, but that persistent store proved inadequate - it both did not support duplicates and was not being regularly maintained.
Nothing is currently planned to extend this at present. The MySQL schema might be optimised to take advantage of other schema ideas from the workshop. It might be worth creating a BDB store that matched the binary format used by others such as rdflib.
For SWAD Europe we have already written in [7] and [8] in detail about other storage systems, APIs and looked at alternate ways to represent the triples.
A facility called Redland Contexts[4] were added to Redland in version 0.9.12 for supporting managing using multiple RDF graphs and merging graphs. The use case was to allow triples to be asserted from multiple sources (documents) and then during use of the union graph, for the information returned by the Redland model calls to return some link to the original source.
This feature was implemented by allowing,when triples are being added to the graph, for an additional librdf_node to be passed in as another parameter. This is the context node and can be retrieved as the result of any redland triple query, by using a method from the librdf_iterator or librdf_stream objects.
This was as a major update to the Redland internals for the librdf_iterator and librdf_stream classes and requried changes to all the implemented store SPIs and implementations.
This feature can be used for a variety of things depending on how the context nodes are used with the triples. The following is not an exhaustive list:
Contexts used this way do have a downside in that they cannot be transfered using the RDF/XML syntax outside Redland to other systems without extending the syntax. They are also probably not the same as N3 Formulae which amongst other things, quotes the triples in the contexts as not asserted in the containing graph. Redland context node information should also be available by any network API.
The current applications of Redland have been up to 3.5M triples using the BerkeleyDB stores on typical desktop PC hardware[1], with acceptable interactive response, but this is not considered a large triplestore. There are no standard data sets that are typically used across RDF triple stores (possibly the NCI cancer ontology[12], but that is rather specialised) to compare load and query times.


Example
- javascript
function hello() { var strings = new Strings("chrome://sample/locale/sidebar.properties"); alert(strings.get("hello")); }
- locale/en-US/sidebar.properties
hello = hello,world.
- locale/ja/sidebar.properties
hello = こんにちは、世界。
Reference Manual
function: Strings aPropertiesFile
Construct an instance of the Strings class.
aPropertiesFile An URI for a properties file. String.
function: get aName &optional aArgs
Get a localized string.
aName A name of key. String.
aArgs An arguments for a formatted string like the printf. Array of string.
Database.jsm
OR Mapper for the SQLite RDBMS builted in the Firefox. Developped by tombloo.
By specifing a TIMESTAMP type, you can read and write the Javascript's Date object transparently.
(Note: Actually the SQLite doesn't have the Date type, so the library store the value of "Date.getTime()" as INTEGER type.)
Similarly, by specifing a LIST type, you can do the Array object transparently.
(Note: The library store the value of "A CSV-format string made from the array" as TEXT type.)
You can find and count the model with its value of "Foo" or "Bar". This is realized by hooking the __noSuchMethod__.
function: Database aFile
Construct an instance of the Database class.
aFile a file path of the database file of the SQLite. An instance of nsIFlie.
getter: version
Get the version of the database, corresponding to the PRAGMA's user_version(not to the schema_version).
setter: version
Set the version of the database.
function: getPragma aName
Get the value of the PRAGMA.
aName A name of the PRAGMA. String.
function: setPragma aName aVal
Set the value of the PRAGMA.
aName A name of the PRAGMA. String.
aVal A value to set. String.
function: createStatement aSQL
Create a statement. It returns a mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aSQL A SQL statement. String.
function: bindParams aWrapper aParams
Bind a parameter to the statement. It returns a mozIStorageStatementWrapper of the binded statement.
aWrapper A statement. An instance of the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aParams A parameter. Dispatch for its type in the followings manner.
object: bind as a named parameter.
array: bind the elements in order in the array.
value: bind to the first parameter.
null: do nothing.
function: getParamNames aWrapper
Get an array of the named parameters of the statement.
aWrapper A statement. An instance of the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
function: getColumnNames aStatement
Get an array of the column names of the statement.
aStatement A statement. An instance of the mozIStorageStatement or the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
function: getRow aRow aColumnNames
Get a object which converted the table rows.
aRow A table row. An instance of the mozIStorageStatementRow.
aColumnNames A list of the column names. Array.
function: execute aSQL aParams
Execute the SQL query. You can use both DDL and DML.
aSQL A SQL statement. String or mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aParams A parameter for the SQL statement. Object or Array or Statement, same with the bindParams.
function: transaction aProc
Execute operations in a transaction.
Use for a batch processing which requires high performance.
When it raise an error, we'll rollback the transaction.
Otherwise, we'll commit it automatically.
If another transaction was already started, we don't start any transaction.
aProc A oparation. A function with no arguments.
function: beginTransaction
Begin a transaction.
We don't raise error still the transaction is already started.
function: commitTransaction
Commit a transaction.
We don't raise error still the transaction is not started.
function: rollbackTransaction
Rollback a transaction.
We don't raise error still the transaction is not started.
function: throwException aError
Interpret an error of the database and throw it again.
aError An error of the database.
function: close
Close the database.
You have to close it to delete the file, as it's locked.
function: tableExists aName
Check wheather a database exists or not.
aName A name of the tabel. String.
function: vacuum
Vacuum a waste of the data area in the database.
function: save
Save a model to the database. Firstly do with "insert" with a generated id, nextly with "update".
function: remove
Remove a model from the database. We use deleteById internally.
property: definitions
An object indicates the entity definition of the model.
function: initialize
CREATE a table.
We execute the following SQL internally.
DROP a table.
We execute the following SQL internally.
INSERT a model.
We execute the following SQL internally.
UPDATE a model.
We execute the following SQL internally.
DELETE a model by id.
aId An id of the model. Integer.
We execute the following SQL internally.
DELETE all of models.
We execute the following SQL internally.
Count all of models.
We execute the following SQL internally.
Find all of models.
We execute the following SQL internally.
Find a model with a parameter "LIMIT 1".
aParams A parameter, same with Database.execute.
We execute the following SQL internally.
Find models with a parameter.
aSQL An object or an instance of the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aParams A parameter, same with Database.execute.
We execute the following SQL internally when aParams is null, aSQL is object, and aSQL.where is string.
function: findByFooAndBarAnd... aFoo aBar ...
Find models by a value of the Foo or the Bar. This is realized by hooking the __noSuchMethod__.
We execute the following SQL internally.
function: countByFooAndBar... aFoo aBar ...
Count models by a value of the Foo or the Bar. This is realized by hooking the __noSuchMethod__.
We execute the following SQL internally.
Construct an instance of the model from an object, except when you call the "save" method, we will call the "update".
aObject An object with proper elements for the entity definition.
function: Entity aDefinition
Construct an instance of the model with the entity definition.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition.
(name property is a name of the table, fields property is a mapping between a name of entity and its type.
function: createWhereClause aFields
Create a string for a WHERE clause.
aFields An array of parameters' name for WHERE.
function: createInitializeSQL aDefinition
Create a string for a "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS..." statement.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition, same with Entity.
function: createInsertSQL aDefinition
Create a string for a "INSERT INTO..." statement.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition, same with Entity.
function: createUpdateSQL aDefinition
Create a string for a "UPDATE ..." statement.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition, same with Entity.
function: compactSQL aSQL
Remove useless whitespaces from a SQL statement and create a compact string of it.
This aims to hold the variation of the statement's representation to a minimum and increase a cache-hit rate of interpreted statements.
aSQL A string of the SQL statements.
Bibliography
There are three simple types and some complex types.
Keep to use your original branch (ex. "extensions." or something like that) is a good manner.
function: Prefs aBranchName
Construct a new instance.
aBranchName A branch's name. String.  String.
aDefaultValue A return value when the function failed to get.
aType A type of preference. String. Please see the table.1 below.
function: set aPrefName aValue &optional aType aRelFileRelativeToKey
Set the value of preference.
aPrefName A preference's name. String.
aValue A value to set.
aType A type of preference. String. Please see the table.2 below.
aRelFileRelativeToKey A keyword for the relative file path's root directory(ex. "ProfD", etc). String.
function: clear aPrefName
Clear the preference.
aPrefName A preference's name. String.
function: getChildList &optional aStartingAt
Get the array of preferences' name of below the branch.
aStartingAt A branch's name. String.
Table.1: aType for get
Table.2: aType for set
Please refer the File I/O - MDC about the relative file path.
Example
// Make a Model for "Bookmark". var Bookmark = Entity({ name : 'bookmarks', fields : { id : 'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY', url : 'TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL', title : 'TEXT', date : 'TIMESTAMP NOT NULL', last_visited : 'TIMESTAMP', comment : 'TEXT', } }) // Get the file of database(at "ProfD/foobar/foobar.sqlite"). function dbFile() { var pd = DirectoryService.get("ProfD", Ci.nsIFile); pd.append("hogehoge"); if (!pd.exists() || !pd.isDirectory()) { pd.create(Ci.nsIFile.DIRECTORY_TYPE, 0755); } pd.append("hogehoge.sqlite"); return pd; } // Construct an instance of the Database class. var db = new Database(dbFile()); // Set the instance to the model of Bookmark. Bookmark.db = db; // initialize the model. Bookmark.initialize(); ... //Bookmark.insert, find, update, deleteById, and so on. ... // Close the database. db.close();
Remarks#1: TIMESTAMP type, LIST type.
By specifing a TIMESTAMP type, you can read and write the Javascript's Date object transparently.
(Note: Actually the SQLite doesn't have the Date type, so the library store the value of "Date.getTime()" as INTEGER type.)
Similarly, by specifing a LIST type, you can do the Array object transparently.
(Note: The library store the value of "A CSV-format string made from the array" as TEXT type.)
Remarks#2: findByFoo, findByFooAndBar, countByFoo、countByFooAndBar
You can find and count the model with its value of "Foo" or "Bar". This is realized by hooking the __noSuchMethod__.
Reference Manual
Database Class
function: Database aFile
Construct an instance of the Database class.
aFile a file path of the database file of the SQLite. An instance of nsIFlie.
getter: version
Get the version of the database, corresponding to the PRAGMA's user_version(not to the schema_version).
setter: version
Set the version of the database.
function: getPragma aName
Get the value of the PRAGMA.
aName A name of the PRAGMA. String.
function: setPragma aName aVal
Set the value of the PRAGMA.
aName A name of the PRAGMA. String.
aVal A value to set. String.
function: createStatement aSQL
Create a statement. It returns a mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aSQL A SQL statement. String.
function: bindParams aWrapper aParams
Bind a parameter to the statement. It returns a mozIStorageStatementWrapper of the binded statement.
aWrapper A statement. An instance of the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aParams A parameter. Dispatch for its type in the followings manner.
object: bind as a named parameter.
array: bind the elements in order in the array.
value: bind to the first parameter.
null: do nothing.
function: getParamNames aWrapper
Get an array of the named parameters of the statement.
aWrapper A statement. An instance of the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
function: getColumnNames aStatement
Get an array of the column names of the statement.
aStatement A statement. An instance of the mozIStorageStatement or the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
function: getRow aRow aColumnNames
Get a object which converted the table rows.
aRow A table row. An instance of the mozIStorageStatementRow.
aColumnNames A list of the column names. Array.
function: execute aSQL aParams
Execute the SQL query. You can use both DDL and DML.
aSQL A SQL statement. String or mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aParams A parameter for the SQL statement. Object or Array or Statement, same with the bindParams.
function: transaction aProc
Execute operations in a transaction.
Use for a batch processing which requires high performance.
When it raise an error, we'll rollback the transaction.
Otherwise, we'll commit it automatically.
If another transaction was already started, we don't start any transaction.
aProc A oparation. A function with no arguments.
function: beginTransaction
Begin a transaction.
We don't raise error still the transaction is already started.
function: commitTransaction
Commit a transaction.
We don't raise error still the transaction is not started.
function: rollbackTransaction
Rollback a transaction.
We don't raise error still the transaction is not started.
function: throwException aError
Interpret an error of the database and throw it again.
aError An error of the database.
function: close
Close the database.
You have to close it to delete the file, as it's locked.
function: tableExists aName
Check wheather a database exists or not.
aName A name of the tabel. String.
function: vacuum
Vacuum a waste of the data area in the database.
Model Class
function: save
Save a model to the database. Firstly do with "insert" with a generated id, nextly with "update".
function: remove
Remove a model from the database. We use deleteById internally.
property: definitions
An object indicates the entity definition of the model.
function: initialize
CREATE a table.
We execute the following SQL internally.
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {def.name} (function: deinitialize
{def.fields.join(', ')}
)
DROP a table.
We execute the following SQL internally.
DROP TABLE {def.name}function: insert
INSERT a model.
We execute the following SQL internally.
INSERT INTO {def.name} (function: update
{fields.join(', ')}
) VALUES (
{params.join(', ')}
)
UPDATE a model.
We execute the following SQL internally.
UPDATE {def.name}function: deleteById aId
SET {fields}
WHERE id = :id
DELETE a model by id.
aId An id of the model. Integer.
We execute the following SQL internally.
DELETE FROM {def.name}function: deleteAll
WHERE id = :id
DELETE all of models.
We execute the following SQL internally.
DELETE FROM {def.name}function: countAll
Count all of models.
We execute the following SQL internally.
SELECT count(*) AS countfunction: findAll
FROM {def.name}
Find all of models.
We execute the following SQL internally.
SELECT *function: findFirst aParams
FROM {def.name}
Find a model with a parameter "LIMIT 1".
aParams A parameter, same with Database.execute.
We execute the following SQL internally.
SELECT *function: find aSQL aParams
FROM {def.name}
...Contents of aParams...
LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0
Find models with a parameter.
aSQL An object or an instance of the mozIStorageStatementWrapper.
aParams A parameter, same with Database.execute.
We execute the following SQL internally when aParams is null, aSQL is object, and aSQL.where is string.
SELECT *We execute the following SQL internally when aParams is null, aSQL is object.
FROM {def.name}
WHERE {sql.where}
SELECT *Otherwise, We do the Database.execute internally.
FROM {def.name}
Model.db.execute(sql, params).map(Model.rowToObject);function: findByFoo aFoo
function: findByFooAndBarAnd... aFoo aBar ...
Find models by a value of the Foo or the Bar. This is realized by hooking the __noSuchMethod__.
We execute the following SQL internally.
SELECT *function: countByFoo aFoo
FROM {def.name}
WHERE foo = aFoo and bar = aBar and ...
function: countByFooAndBar... aFoo aBar ...
Count models by a value of the Foo or the Bar. This is realized by hooking the __noSuchMethod__.
We execute the following SQL internally.
SELECT count(id) AS countfunction: rowToObject aObject
FROM {def.name}
WHERE foo = aFoo and bar = aBar and ...
Construct an instance of the model from an object, except when you call the "save" method, we will call the "update".
aObject An object with proper elements for the entity definition.
Entity Class
function: Entity aDefinition
Construct an instance of the model with the entity definition.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition.
(name property is a name of the table, fields property is a mapping between a name of entity and its type.
Example
var Bookmark = Entity({ name : 'bookmarks', fields : { id : 'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY', url : 'TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL', title : 'TEXT', date : 'TIMESTAMP NOT NULL', last_visited : 'TIMESTAMP', comment : 'TEXT', } })
function: createWhereClause aFields
Create a string for a WHERE clause.
aFields An array of parameters' name for WHERE.
function: createInitializeSQL aDefinition
Create a string for a "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS..." statement.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition, same with Entity.
function: createInsertSQL aDefinition
Create a string for a "INSERT INTO..." statement.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition, same with Entity.
function: createUpdateSQL aDefinition
Create a string for a "UPDATE ..." statement.
aDefinition An object indicates the entity definition, same with Entity.
function: compactSQL aSQL
Remove useless whitespaces from a SQL statement and create a compact string of it.
This aims to hold the variation of the statement's representation to a minimum and increase a cache-hit rate of interpreted statements.
aSQL A string of the SQL statements.
Bibliography
Prefs.jsm
What is the User Preferences?
Remarks #1: Every preferences have a type.
There are three simple types and some complex types.
- boolean
- integer
- string
- and some complex types.
Remarks #2: Don't overlap your preference's name to others.
Keep to use your original branch (ex. "extensions." or something like that) is a good manner.
Example #1: How to handle the "javascript.options.strict" preference.
- Construct a instance of Prefs Class.
//Specify a branch. Note: you must terminate it with a period.
var prefs = new Prefs("javascript.options.");
- Set the value of preference to true.
prefs.set("strict", true);
- Get the value of preference.
var v = prefs.get("strict");
That's all. The library can infer a proper type for the preference automatically (and you can specify it manually if you want).Reference Manual
function: Prefs aBranchName
Construct a new instance.
aBranchName A branch's name. String.  String.
aDefaultValue A return value when the function failed to get.
aType A type of preference. String. Please see the table.1 below.
function: set aPrefName aValue &optional aType aRelFileRelativeToKey
Set the value of preference.
aPrefName A preference's name. String.
aValue A value to set.
aType A type of preference. String. Please see the table.2 below.
aRelFileRelativeToKey A keyword for the relative file path's root directory(ex. "ProfD", etc). String.
function: clear aPrefName
Clear the preference.
aPrefName A preference's name. String.
function: getChildList &optional aStartingAt
Get the array of preferences' name of below the branch.
aStartingAt A branch's name. String.
Table.1: aType for get
| type |
aType
|
calls internally |
| boolean | "boolean" | getBoolPref(aPrefName) |
| integer | "integer" | getIntPref(aPrefName) |
| string | "string" | getComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsISupportsString).data |
| localized string | "localized" | getComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsIPrefLocalizedString).data |
| absolute file path | "file" | getComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsILocalFile) |
| relative file path | "relFile" | getComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsIRelativeFilePref) |
Table.2: aType for set
| type |
aType
|
calls internally |
| boolean | "boolean" | setBoolPref(aPrefName, !!aValue) |
| integer | "integer" | setIntPref(aPrefName, +aValue) |
| string | "string" | setComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsISupportsString, nsISupportsString's instance) |
| localized string | "localized" | setComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsIPrefLocalizedString, nsIPrefLocalizedString's instance |
| absolute file path | "file" | setComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsILocalFile, aValue) |
| relative file path | "relFile" | setComplexValue(aPrefName, Ci.nsIRelativeFilePref, nsIRelativeFilePref's instance) |
Please refer the File I/O - MDC about the relative file path.


3 writes to Alignment
System.Management.Automation (3)
engine\serialization.cs (1)
7390
Alignment
= GetPropertyValue<Alignment>(deserializedHeader, "Alignment"),
FormatAndOutput\common\DisplayDatabase\displayDescriptionData_Table.cs (2)
340
Alignment
= (Alignment)colheaderdefinition.alignment;
362
this.
Alignment
= alignment;
3 references to Alignment
System.Management.Automation (3)
FormatAndOutput\common\DisplayDatabase\typeDataXmlLoader.cs (1)
607
chd.alignment = (int)header.
Alignment
;
FormatAndOutput\common\FormatXMLWriter.cs (2)
174
if (columnheader.
Alignment
!= Alignment.Undefined)
176
_writer.WriteElementString("Alignment", columnheader.
Alignment
.ToString());


I checked to make sure that he was still alive. I love eating toasted cheese and tuna sandwiches. We have a lot of rain in June. Someone I know recently combined Maple Syrup & buttered Popcorn thinking it would taste like caramel popcorn. It didn’t and they don’t recommend anyone else do it either.
I am counting my calories, yet I really want dessert. There was no ice cream in the freezer, nor did they have money to go to the store. She always speaks to him in a loud voice. The memory we used to share is no longer coherent. There are a million ways to say I love you.
Should we start class now, or should we wait for everyone to get here? Rock music approaches at high velocity. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. He ran out of money, so he had to stop playing poker. Why didn't they clean the big green tractor sitting in the street?


{% extends "base.html" %} {% set title = "Login" %} {% block content %} The Sweat Notebooks is an application that gives you reports about your Strava activities. Learn more at /about. {% endblock %}


This application enables users to discover their Akan names which are derived from Ghanian culture. Frequently in Ghana, children are given their first name as a 'day name' which corresponds to the day in the week they were born. Read more
Before you submit, ensure you've selected:


WITNESS LIST Subcommittee on Agriculture Committee April 8, 1999-1:00P SB 1183 Registering, but not testifying: For: Copeland, Chris (Texas Veterinary Medical Association), Austin McBride, Dan E (Texas Association of Veterinary General Pratice), Burnet Rogers, Johnnie Jr (Texas Veterinary Association of Texas), Austin SB 1265 FOR: Combs, Susan (Texas Department of Agriculture (Commissioner)), Austin Kercheval, David (Houston Community College Agricultural Science Department), Houston SB 1304 ON: Butler, Jim (Texas A & M System Ag Program), College Station SB 1481 THIS LIST HAS NO WITNESSES.


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The more you eat, the more you'll grow.
Each wall describes the number of bombs immediately surrounding it.
Isolating a wall with a bomb reveals a hidden human.
Detonating a bomb reduces your score and snake's length.
Eat the hidden humans in walls without bombs to advance.
Speed:
Power-Up Duration:
s
Starting Length:
Humans Present:
Walls:
Bombs:
%
Move
↑→↓←
Pause
p
-Items-
Human
Double Points
Shrink Length
Slow Time
Invincibility
Next Level
Ready!
0
0pts
Resume
Main Menu
Congrats! You've won. Crazy, bro.
Score:
Rank:
Submit a name to the high scores to view ranking.
Submit
Play Again
Main Menu


If you would like to use Chipster to analyze your data, you have a few options:
-
Contact maintainers of this Chipster server and ask to get an account.
-
Setting up a Chipster server at your institute. This is free of charge, but you need an IT person to help
you and suitable computing resources to run the server. The actual installation is easy, because Chipster is
available as a
ready-to-use virtual machine image. If you have an IT support
person but lack suitable computing resources, you can install and run the Chipster server free of charge in the
EGI Federated cloud.
-
See https://chipster.rahtiapp.fi/access for other hosted
Chipster services


encodeMind's mission is to empower and educates young minds how to solve community problems using technology.We offer education on hardware and software related skills (how to use real programming languages and professional tools while creating games, coding apps, programming drones, building websites, and more). Our main motive is to upskill our next generation and help them transforming their ideas into innovation.
"Padega India Tabhi Toh Badega India".
coding is used in almost every aspects of modern life eg. developing websites/web applications like facebook&youtube, android apps like whatsApp, interesting games like PUBG, self driving cars, launching rockets etc.
Coding helps in many ways like it improves problem solving skills, develop logical thinking capabilities, improve math skills etc. Coding isn't just about teaching how to type lines of code but it is more about teaching how to thing differently.
"Children must be taught how to think not what to think"
The BBC micro:bit is a pocket-sized codeable computer with motion detection, a built-in compass and Bluetooth technology
LEVEL 1 GRADE 5-9
FREE ₹Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming language
LEVEL 1 GRADE >= 8
FREE ₹This course will cover the fundamentals of HTML and CSS and you’ll build your own website site.
LEVEL 1 GRADE >= 6
FREE ₹This course will cover the fundamentals of Python, Flask and database and you’ll build your own website site.
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Objectives and Outcome
The Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
- To impart solid foundation of applied mathematics and sciences along with the fundamentals of electronics and telecommunication engineering for sustained contribution in their professional life.
- To help students stay updated with the emerging technologies and to provide them with an opportunity to actively participate in professional communities to enhance professional as well as team-building skills and nourish ever-developing careers.
- To prepare students to be employable for successful careers and/or pursue higher studies and to promote student inclination for life-long learning in order to contribute to industry, research and society.
- To introduce students to the ethics and codes of professional conduct, help them embrace cultural, societal, environmental and ethical issues in their work to fulfill their professional responsibilities towards themselves, peers, employers, and local and global communities.
The Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
- Graduates will be able to demonstrate knowledge of mathematics, applied sciences, electronics, communication and multidisciplinary subjects.
- Graduates will be able to perform literature survey, identify the problem and analyse it.
- Graduates will be able to design and develop solutions for engineering problems with the aid of modern engineering simulation software tools and verify by hardware experimentation.
- Graduates will be able to exhibit professional engineering values and ethics in understanding and assessing contemporary issues of the society.
- Graduates will be able to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, engineering and social context.
- Graduates will be able to contribute individually and apply engineering as well as managerial skills in multidisciplinary teams to achieve the organization’s objectives.
- Graduates will be able to represent the solution to a problem in the form of reports or presentations.
- Graduates will be able to apply the skills necessary for research, higher studies and continually update one’s knowledge.
Program Outcomes
The POs formulated for each program must be consistent with the Graduate Attributes mentioned in Washington Accord. Graduates Attributes (GAs) form a set of individually assessable outcomes that are the components indicative of the graduate’s potential to acquire competence to practice at the appropriate level. The GAs are exemplars of the attributes expected of a graduate of an accredited program. The Graduate Attributes of the NBA are as following:
- Engineering knowledge:
Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization for the solution of complex engineering problems.
- Problem analysis:
Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
- Design/development of solutions:
Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, and cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
- Conduct investigations of complex problems:
Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
- Modern tool usage:
Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations.
- The engineer and society:
Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
- Environment and sustainability:
Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
- Ethics:
Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
- Individual and team work:
Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multi-disciplinary settings.
- Communication:
Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with t h e society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
- Project management and finance:
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
- Life- long learning:
Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change. Graduates will be able to secure employment or be an entrepreneur with ability to apply professional knowledge with ethical responsibility.


Time to explore get thumbnail API now. You must have been familiar with using Microsoft Computer Vision API quite a lot now.
The official document about this API can be found here.
Link to Get Thumbnail API official documentationAccording to the official document, this API makes an thumbnail in a size the user wants. When user input width, and height the user desire the picture to be then this API makes that specific-sized thumbnail as a result. The point of Microsoft Computer Vision get thumbnail API is it crops the picture based on ROI(Region Of Interest). So it crops the important part of the picture with intelligence in any size.
Console Usage
There is a console also you can test Microsoft Computer Vision API which is called OPEN API testing console.
Link is here
Link to Get Thumbnail API ConsoleYou can input some values including your API key, width, height, and the picture URL. And the request URL and HTTP request will be like below. And it seems it worked well.
You must have this result. It did work well. Good request and Good respond, but why can not see a thumbnail we want? The official document says it returns [Binary image data]. Dealing with Binary image data to display on the web browser needs extra work. Binary image data should be encoded to base64 style, which means we have to encode the file but this is a subject beyond what we learnt from CS290 so we can skip this now and deal with how to encode binary image data to base64 and eventually display that base64 encoded image on the browser later. Now, we can check whether our request and response work well.
Focus on Request URL header again, you can see what kind of information is being carried. As you can see from HTTP request. This request is done via POST way. We input URL and size of thumbnail to be so using POST will be more proper.
Actual code to get a new thumbnail
You can input URL, width, and height as you did into console before. Let's see the code.
This part is same with Analyze Image API. because there is a form we can type in width, height, and URL. so jQuery waits till the form is loaded and we click the submit button.
Now the parameters got different as you can notice. We put URL, width, and height as a parameter to be carried on URL. We use AJAX here. as AJAX works the program works asynchronously, so the user does not have to wait till the response to come to do other action.(Program works asynchronously.)
We set header using setRequestHeader() function. Content Type and API key should be in the header so we set those data to the request header here. And type is "POST". To send the data we make the data into string.


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Next: Embedded Newlines in Condition Reports, Previous: Capitalization and Punctuation in Condition Reports, Up: Printing Conditions
It is recommended that a report message not begin with any introductory text, such as "Error: " or "Warning: " or even just freshline or newline. Such text is added, if appropriate to the context, by the routine invoking the condition reporter.
It is recommended that a report message not be followed by a trailing freshline or newline. Such text is added, if appropriate to the context, by the routine invoking the condition reporter.
(error "This is a message.~ (error "~&This is a message.") ; Not recommended (error "~&This is a message.~ (error "This is a message.") ; Recommended instead


MaxBettiNumbers : Index
-
almostLexBetti -- Graded Betti numbers of an almost lexsegment ideal.
-
almostLexBetti(..., AsTally => ...)
-
almostLexBetti(ZZ,List) -- Graded Betti numbers of an almost lexsegment ideal.
-
almostLexIdeal -- Create an almost lexsegment ideal.
-
almostLexIdeal(PolynomialRing,List) -- Create an almost lexsegment ideal.
-
AsTally
-
BettiUpperBound
-
HilbertDifferenceLowerBound
-
HilbertDifferenceUpperBound
-
HilbertFunctionLowerBound
-
HilbertFunctions
-
HilbertFunctionUpperBound
-
HilbertPolynomial
-
isRealizable
-
lexBetti -- Graded Betti numbers of a lexsegment ideal.
-
lexBetti(..., AsTally => ...)
-
lexBetti(ZZ,List) -- Graded Betti numbers of a lexsegment ideal.
-
lexsegmentIdeal -- Create a lexsegment ideal.
-
lexsegmentIdeal(PolynomialRing,List) -- Create a lexsegment ideal.
-
MaxBetti
-
MaxBettiNumbers -- Methods to find maximum Betti numbers given bounds on the Hilbert function.
-
maxBettiNumbers -- Upper bounds for total Betti numbers in a family of saturated ideals.
-
maxBettiNumbers(..., Algorithm => ...)
-
maxBettiNumbers(..., HilbertDifferenceLowerBound => ...)
-
maxBettiNumbers(..., HilbertDifferenceUpperBound => ...)
-
maxBettiNumbers(..., HilbertFunctionLowerBound => ...)
-
maxBettiNumbers(..., HilbertFunctionUpperBound => ...)
-
maxBettiNumbers(..., HilbertPolynomial => ...)
-
maxBettiNumbers(..., ResultsCount => ...)
-
maxBettiNumbers(ZZ) -- Upper bounds for total Betti numbers in a family of saturated ideals.
-
MaximalBettiNumbers
-
MaximumBettiSum
-
ResultsCount


I am so excited to be finally tackling my first 14er mountain this month. I have decided to summarize the details of the activities that I have already planned out. I am very much looking forward to the next post talking about the actual trip and having photos and videos of my own to share.
Day 1: Arriving in Estes Park Colorado
Estes Park is at an elevation of 7,522 feet above sea level, which makes it a great spot to spend a few days acclimating to the elevation since we are coming from sea level. This small little town is nestled right in the middle of the Colorado Rocky Mountains surrounded with beautiful mountain scenery.
We have decided to stay in the historic Stanley Hotel while we are in Estes Park which is supposed to be haunted.
The Stanley Hotel is a 140-room Colonial Revival hotel in Estes Park, Colorado. Approximately five miles from the entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park, the Stanley offers panoramic views of Lake Estes, the Rockies and especially Long's Peak. It was built by Freelan Oscar Stanley of Stanley Steamer fame and opened on July 4, 1909, catering to the American upper class at the turn of the century.[2] The hotel and its surrounding structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Stanley Hotel also hosted the horror novelist Stephen King, serving as inspiration for the Overlook Hotel in his 1977 bestseller The Shining. Today, it includes a restaurant, spa, and bed-and-breakfast and provides guided tours which feature the history and alleged paranormal activity of the site. - Wikipedia
Day 2: Four Wheeling
We wanted to have a few days to properly acclimate to the altitude before we attempt to summit Longs Peak. Which works out well because it gives us a lot of time to explore the park and check out all of the other sites, which also making this a relaxing trip as well.
What better way is there to explore the park and cover lots of ground in a short period of time then renting some ATV's!
Day 3: Hiking out to Base Camp at the Boulder Field
If you are wanting to climb Longs Peak in one day it can be done. But you have to start at 2AM, since this peak is notorious for its afternoon thunderstorms. Instead of making this a single day hike we decided that it would be better to hike up to the boulder field and setup base camp. This way we can still acclimate since the Boulder Field is at an elevation of 12,750 feet. This also means that we do not have to wake up at 2AM to begin our hike.
There are no sources of water at this point, so we have to hike in with enough water to last us for the two days this also includes cooking. We have been closely following the weather reports since we are doing this in September and there has already been reports of snow and ice. Despite these reports the conditions still appear to be good for summiting and not difficulties have been reported as of yet.
Day 4: Summit Day
We will be waking up dark and early around 4AM, then eating a good breakfast and lots of coffee for some of us. We will then begin to break down the campsite if we feel the time permits. Since we have to summit before noon because of daily storms, we also have the option to break the campsite down on our egress. We have the time since I have booked the site for 2 days just in case of inclement weather.
We will be summiting Longs Peak via the Keyhole Route. We will approach the Keyhole route from the boulder field, this will lead us to the Ledges, then the Trough, next is the Narrows, and then the Homestretch which ends at the summit.
Day 5: Sports Climbing in Boulder Canyon
Since we are out in Colorado which has thousands or different climbing routes to choose from. We felt that this would be a great opportunity to learn some more outdoor skills and hire a guide for the day to go over some sports climbing techniques with us. All of us in the group have done top rope climbing, and some even lead climbing in the rock gym. But this is completely different then actually climbing outside on a sports route. Even though you might have the book smarts to attempt to do something, I would still recommend hiring a professional for the first time. You can always learn something, and this can help boost your confidence so that you know you are doing it correctly.
We will be heading out early in the morning from Estes Park to Boulder Canyon where there are over 850 different sports routes. We will be starting off with something simple, like a 5.6 or a 5.7 and progress from there.


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Cloud Architect at Mission
Previously: Full Stack Lead Software Developer
at ISAM - UCS
| Principal Software Engineer / SRE / Team Lead | Thanos co-author | Prometheus maintainer 📈 |
| CNCF SIG Observability Tech Lead | Go & open source enthusiast | Blogger | Volleyball player 🏐 |
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The source code for this example can be found in the file basic.js.
This example showcases the use of jsinq.Enumerable without the use of the JSINQ query compiler. Queries are defined by chaining together method calls on an instance of jsinq.Enumerable. In this concrete example, an HTML table is filled from a JSON structure using a simple query statement. The query itself generates the HTML nodes that make up the rows of the results table.
| id | firstname | lastname | gender |


stay happy and keep smiling :-)
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AMERICAN PIE *** (out of four) -a review by Bill Chambers<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(For more purple prose, visit: Film Freak Central - http://filmfreakcentral.net Bring a date.)
starring Jason Biggs, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Chris Klein, Tara Reid screenplay by Adam Herz directed by Paul Weitz
American Pie acknowledges a cold, hard fact that most movies don't: it is very difficult to get laid. Its four virgin heroes are Jim (Biggs), a chronic masturbator, Kev (Nicholas), who desperately wants to deflower his girlfriend (Reid), Oz (Klein), a lacrosse player whose approach requires some fine tuning, and Finch (Eddie Kaye Thomas), a germphobe (his crass nickname is hilarious, but I won't spoil it here) who pays a classmate to spread rumours about the size of his member.
Jim, Kev, Oz and Finch attend a high school in suburban Michigan full of so many impossibly beautiful women it's no wonder they're horny all the time. After a party at their studly friend Stifler's (Seann William Scott, in the film's sharpest performance) house leaves them sexually unsatisfied, the quartet make a pact: to "lose it" by graduation-specifically, prom night, which is only a few weeks away.
American Pie is in the tradition of Bachelor Party or Revenge of the Nerds. Almost every conversation these characters have revolves around makin' whoopee. All women are there to be ogled. (Alyson Hannigan's perky music student is the only memorable female of the bunch.) Situations abound that defy logic only to arouse and/or amuse its core audience, adolescent boys. (To arouse: Nadia's (Shannon Elizabeth) Internet striptease-an unexpectedly raucous (and guiltily pleasurable) sequence. To amuse: Jim's lusty encounter with a hot apple pie.)
What differentiates American Pie from those dirty eighties comedies, aside from a very nineties obsession with bodily fluids*, is a cast that's light years more appealing than that of, say, Just One of the Guys. Two more standouts: Klein and "SCTV"'s Eugene Levy. Klein plays a kind-hearted athlete for the second time in a row, after Alexander Payne's underappreciated Election. I hope to see more of this warm actor with the disarmingly honest face very soon. Levy's is the most crowd-pleasing performance, and indeed, it's nice to see him back on the big screen in a role that makes wonderful use of that expressive brow.
American Pie also wants to emulate the teen flicks your parents _would_ let you watch growing up. It skillfully employs a broad mix of pop tunes, much like John Hughes' movies did, and even pays homage to The Breakfast Club a couple of times, most evidently when the prom band covers Simple Minds' "Don't You (Forget About Me)."
The picture ultimately has a healthy, if obligatory, attitude towards safe sex-even at their most libidinous, American Pie's protagonists first whip out a condom. The filmmakers prove that socially responsible raunch is possible.
For its familiarity and for its charming leads, I recommend American Pie, but the buzz on this film had me expecting something...fresher. As far as the New Teen Cinema goes, it's at the top of the heap.
*Don't say I didn't warn you about the party scene.
-July, 1999
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