The archiver maintains a group of object files as a single library
as used by the linker. The archiver operates on text and object
files, but does not allow mixing object formats within an archive.
The format of an archive is determined by the format of the first
object file on the file list when the archive is created.
The archiver invocation command is:
- arc960 |
gar960 -option [ -modifier
... ] archive [ name ... ]
Archiver options must be preceded by a -
character. (On DOS, you can also use a /
character.) Some options have modifiers. The options and modifiers
are listed below.
The archive
argument identifies the archive to be operated on. You must specify
a complete pathname if the archive is not in the current directory.
name specifies
an archive member or external file.
Options
- d
(Delete)
Deletes file
from the library lib.
- h (Help)
Displays help information.
- m (Move)
Moves members to the end of the archive or to the specified position.
- p (Print)
Prints members in the archive.
- r (Replace)
Replaces members or adds new members.
- t (Table)
Prints member information or the archive table of contents.
- u (Update)
updates members, or adds new members.
- x (Extract)
Extracts members to files without modifying the archive.
- z (Suppress)
Suppresses time stamp in archive header.
Modifiers
- a pname
(Position)
Adds or positions members after the pname
member. Used with r,
u, or m.
- b |
i pname (Before /Insert)
Adds or positions members before the pname
member. Used with r,
u, or m.
- c (Creation)
Suppresses the archive-creation message. Used with r
or u.
- l (Local)
Uses the current directory for temporary files. Used with any
option.
- o (Output
Date)
Creates file with the last-modified date recorded in the library.
Used with x.
- s (Symbols)
Creates or updates the library symbol table. Used with any option
or none.
- u (Update)
Updates members only if the member last-modified date is older
than the file last-modified date. Used with r.
- v (Progress)
Reports the archiver progress. Used with any option.
- V (Version)
Reports the archiver version and continues processing. Used with
any option.
- v960
(Version only)
Reports the archiver version and stops. Used with any option or
none.
Return
to the top of this page.
Go
to the ic960 Interface Index.
Go
to the gcc960 Interface Index.


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"How the Grinch Stole Christmas"
There has been a great deal of hoopla, over the past months, about the coming of the big-screen recreation of the Grinch tale that debuted in 1966 as the Boris Karloff-narrated, Dr. Seuss classic. As everyone must know, feel good director Ron Howard was teamed with zany Jim Carrey to bring the animated tale to live action life and create the feature length fantasy, "How the Grinch Stole Christmas."
The anticipation of this new rendition of the Christmas TV classic has probably set expectations extremely high for fans who have eagerly awaited the new Grinch. As such, I think that there may be some disappointment on the entertainment horizon for many of us. And, I think this is due to our fond memories of the original that color our recollection of that venerable oeuvre. If you think about it, the original "Grinch" had four things going for it - the Grinch, his faithful dog Max, the wonderful reading by Boris Karloff and the brilliant imagination of Theodor S. Geisel, A.K.A. Dr. Seuss. Beyond these four things (and the great songs - make that five things), there are the Whos and they are really boring. The Whos could be interchanged with Munchkins or Ewoks and it wouldn't have mattered. I never liked any of the little buggers anyway.
In the modern remake, produced by longtime partners Howard and Brian Grazer, we pretty much get the same thing, but with an attempt to flesh out the Who society. Unfortunately and inexplicably, the Whos are shown from the very start to be a culture of crass consumerism where buy, buy, buy is the name of the game and the spirit of Christmas is completely lost - except for little Cindy Lou Who (Taylor Momsen). The best things in the movie are still the Grinch (Jim Carrey) and Max (Kelley), but there is an effort to create a complete world on the screen.
Helmer Howard evokes a vision that is reminiscent of the one that Robert Altman created in his interesting and artistic flop, "Popeye," with Robin Williams. There, too, a fantasy world is built around a strange central figure and is populated by all manners of cartoon creatures. In both films the protagonists are loners who aren't accepted by society. The difference between the two films, and the thing that will make the new flick a success to Altman's ambitious failure, is Jim Carrey.
In a scant hour and a half or so of screen time, Carrey and makeup maestro Rick Baker have created a living, breathing version of the creature that came to life for so many of us in the Chuck Jones cartoon of 35 years ago. Way back then, the Grinch became a sustained Christmas icon and Carrey and crew have reinvented the creature whose heart "grew three times that day." The best moments on the screen are when the Grinch is giving his mordant soliloquies to no one save his faithful dog, Max. Remember how much you liked Max in the original? You're going to like the new Max at least as much, maybe more.
The Who world we are shown is glitzy and spangled with holiday cheer, but it is a forced world, at best. The makeup for the adult Who population takes on a feral quality that isn't very pleasant to look at and the petty and selfish dealings of the Whoville mayor, May Who (Jeffrey Tambor), are to be loathed. Only Cindy and her father Lou Lou Who (Bill Irwin) come across with any intelligence or integrity. Momsen may be a little too old to be an appropriate Cindy Lou Who, but the young actress makes her a real person, I mean, Who. The rest of the Who world are consumed by their rampant Christmas buying and holiday competition. Cindy's mom, Betty Lou Who (Molly Shannon), is obsessed with having the best Christmas light display and competes fanatically with her neighbor Martha May Whovier (Christine Baranski), who, we come to find out, has the hots for the Grinch.
Tech credits beyond Rick Baker's marvelous makeup are first-rate. Whoville, created by production designer Michael Corenblith, is bright and colorful with a slight off-kilter look that keeps up the fantasy flavor of the film. The Grinch's lair has all the paraphernalia necessary for him to perpetrate his grand theft of Who Christmas, including the requisite antler to disguise Max as a reindeer. High marks are due costume designer Rita Ryack who creates a furry skin for Carrey that is a match for Baker's makeup. Lenser Don Petermen does a yeoman's job capturing the action on film.
The part of the story that recreates the venerable 30 minute TV show and shows the Grinch go from lonely ogre to loving friend of the Whos is captured with care by the filmmakers. Those things that are invented specifically for the film - Who society, the flashback story on how the Grinch became the lonely creature he is - do not have the same imagination as the original Dr. Seuss work and it shows.
The brilliant casting of Jim Carrey and the intelligence to allow the actor to become the character are what make "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" a must see for the holiday season. It is certainly going to be a staple for holiday video watching that will be a perfect companion piece to the original. Carrey gives one of the most memorable performances of his career and is a new Grinch icon. I'm still not a fan of the Whos, though, and I give it a B.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder leading to lifelong elevations in LDL-Cholesterol, high cardiovascular risk and development of premature cardiovascular disease. Despite its frequency and preventable outcomes, FH is largely underdiagnosed and undertreated, and represents an unaddressed major public health problem that concerns countries worldwide. Joint efforts among multiple partners are key to reducing the burden of FH and closing knowledge gaps.
The EAS FHSC initiative is supported by the European Atherosclerosis Society and represents an international, worldwide, collaboration of stakeholders with an interest in FH. The mission statement of the EAS FHSC aims to empower the medical and global community to seek changes in their respective countries or organizations regarding how FH is detected and managed and the clinical consequences thereof, with a view to promoting early diagnosis and more effective treatment of FH.
The EAS FHSC global network of investigators will permit to generate robust information on how FH is detected, managed and the clinical consequences of current practices on outcomes. The information generated will help close gaps in knowledge, inform the best interventions, account for providing effective and efficient care, and consequently support the best evidence-based decision making in FH. Ultimately, this will aim to help prevent adverse outcomes and improve care of FH patients.
To ensure the smooth operation within the wider EAS FHSC global network, the EAS FHSC is supported by a number of National Lead Investigators/Country-leads. The Coordinating Centre for the EAS FHSC initiative is based at the Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (ICCP), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
Further detailed information can be shown in the EAS FHSC website at the EAS
Feel free to contact us should you are interested in the EAS FHSC initiative or have any comment or suggestion EAS FHSC website at the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)
EAS FHSC info<EMAIL_ADDRESS>EAS FHSC Coordinator coordinator@eas-fhsc.org


| Package | com.pblabs.sound |
| Interface | public interface ISoundManager |
| Implementors | SoundManager |
| Method | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
createCategory(category:String):void
For sanity purposes, all categories must be known to the manager.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
getCategoryMuted(category:String):Boolean
| ISoundManager | ||
|
getCategoryTransform(category:String):SoundTransform
| ISoundManager | ||
|
getCategoryVolume(category:String):Number
| ISoundManager | ||
|
getSoundHandlesInCategory(category:String, outArray:Array):void
Fetch all the SoundHandles in the specified category and store them
in the provided array.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
play(sound:*, category:String = "sfx", pan:Number = 0.0, loopCount:int = 1, startDelay:Number = 0.0, resourceType:Class = null):SoundHandle
Play a supplied sound, returning a ISoundHandle which allows management
of the sound while it is playing.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
removeCategory(category:String):void
If you wish to remove an existing category, removeCategory will do this for you.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
setCategoryMuted(category:String, muted:Boolean):void
Mute a named category of sounds.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
setCategoryTransform(category:String, transform:SoundTransform):void
Adjust the SoundTransform for a given category.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
setCategoryVolume(category:String, volume:Number):void
Adjust the volume of a named category of sounds.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
stopAll():void
Stop all the sounds playing in the SoundManager.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
stopCategorySounds(category:String):void
Stop all the sounds playing in a category.
| ISoundManager | ||
|
stream(url:String, category:String = "sfx", pan:Number = 0.0, loopCount:int = 1, startDelay:Number = 0.0):SoundHandle
Stream an MP3 or other Flash-compatible file from a URL.
| ISoundManager |
| muted | property |
muted:Boolean
[read-write]Implementation
public function get muted():Boolean
public function set muted(value:Boolean):void
| volume | property |
volume:Number
[read-write]Implementation
public function get volume():Number
public function set volume(value:Number):void
| createCategory | () | method |
public function createCategory(category:String):void
For sanity purposes, all categories must be known to the manager. This prevents typos and other problems when specifying categories in the other calls. Before playing sounds or setting properties on a category, make sure to call createCategory first.
Parameterscategory:String — Name of the category to create.
|
| getCategoryMuted | () | method |
public function getCategoryMuted(category:String):Boolean
Parameters
category:String |
Boolean |
| getCategoryTransform | () | method |
public function getCategoryTransform(category:String):SoundTransform
Parameters
category:String |
SoundTransform |
| getCategoryVolume | () | method |
public function getCategoryVolume(category:String):Number
Parameters
category:String |
Number |
| getSoundHandlesInCategory | () | method |
public function getSoundHandlesInCategory(category:String, outArray:Array):void
Fetch all the SoundHandles in the specified category and store them in the provided array.
Parameterscategory:String |
|
outArray:Array |
| play | () | method |
public function play(sound:*, category:String = "sfx", pan:Number = 0.0, loopCount:int = 1, startDelay:Number = 0.0, resourceType:Class = null):SoundHandle
Play a supplied sound, returning a ISoundHandle which allows management of the sound while it is playing. The sound is kept in memory for responsive playback.
Parameterssound:* — A SoundResource, string indicating a URI, or a Sound to
play.
|
|
category:String (default = "sfx ") — How many times to repeat this sound? 0 to play it
one time, 1 to repeat once, int.MAX_VALUE for infinite loop.
|
|
pan:Number (default = 0.0 ) — How far to skip ahead into the sound when we start
playing it.
|
|
loopCount:int (default = 1 ) — The PBE resource type for the sound. Defaults to
MP3Resource if no value is provided. It must be a subclass of
SoundResource. This parameter is only used if sound is a string
and a resource needs to be loaded.
|
|
startDelay:Number (default = 0.0 )
|
|
resourceType:Class (default = null )
|
SoundHandle |
| removeCategory | () | method |
public function removeCategory(category:String):void
If you wish to remove an existing category, removeCategory will do this for you.
Parameterscategory:String — Name of the category to remove.
|
| setCategoryMuted | () | method |
public function setCategoryMuted(category:String, muted:Boolean):void
Mute a named category of sounds.
Parameterscategory:String — Name of the category. (You might have to create it
with createCategory first.)
|
|
muted:Boolean — If true, mute the sounds. If false, return them to their
normal volume.
|
| setCategoryTransform | () | method |
public function setCategoryTransform(category:String, transform:SoundTransform):void
Adjust the SoundTransform for a given category.
Parameterscategory:String — Name of the category. (You might have to create it
with createCategory first.)
|
|
transform:SoundTransform — New SoundTransform to apply to this category.
|
| setCategoryVolume | () | method |
public function setCategoryVolume(category:String, volume:Number):void
Adjust the volume of a named category of sounds.
Parameterscategory:String — Name of the category. (You might have to create it
with createCategory first.)
|
|
volume:Number — Value between 0..1 to use as a new volume level.
|
| stopAll | () | method |
public function stopAll():void
Stop all the sounds playing in the SoundManager.
| stopCategorySounds | () | method |
public function stopCategorySounds(category:String):void
Stop all the sounds playing in a category.
Parameterscategory:String |
| stream | () | method |
public function stream(url:String, category:String = "sfx", pan:Number = 0.0, loopCount:int = 1, startDelay:Number = 0.0):SoundHandle
Stream an MP3 or other Flash-compatible file from a URL. This is useful for background music. Playback begins as soon as possible, before the download completes.
Parametersurl:String |
|
category:String (default = "sfx ")
|
|
pan:Number (default = 0.0 )
|
|
loopCount:int (default = 1 )
|
|
startDelay:Number (default = 0.0 )
|
SoundHandle |
See also


--- layout: default title: Kale Davis ---
During the day I work with Microsoft technologies like ASP.NET and SharePoint, but enjoy Ruby hacking the most and do that on the side with my Simplerise freelance business. No matter what I'm doing though, I have a great passion for learning and coming up with creative ideas. The idea part drives my wonderful wife nuts, but she keeps loving me anyhow.
I love hearing from people. You can contact me at kale {at} simplerise {dot} com.
This site is powered by Jekyll and Vim. It doesn't get any better than that. I use Linode to host everything.


Hi there, this is my blog for research result and knowledge base.
Currently intern in a cybersecurity solution company. I was born in 1999, I have a great interest in CTF and foresnic skills as I like to investigate and analyze case. Although, there is nothing much yet in this website. But I will continue update any interest case or scenario as much as possible.


content_indexer v0.2.5 ContentIndexer.Services.Calculator
Summary
calculates the content_indexer weights for a document of tokens against a corpus of tokenized documents
DEPRECATED - use the [`ContentIndexer.TfIdf.Calculate`](ContentIndexer.TfIdf.Calculate.html) module.
See also `ContentIndexer.TfIdf.IndexProcessTest`
Link to this section Summary
Functions
calculates the content_indexer weights for each token in the list of tokens against the corpus of tokens
calculates the content_indexer weights for each token in the list of tokens against the corpus of tokens
calculates the content_indexer weights for each token in the query - weights the query against itself
calculates the term frequency for each token in the list of tokens representing the document and returns a list of the tokens with their respective term frequencies
calculates the word count for each token in the list of tokens representing the document and returns a list of the tokens with their respective word counts
simple function to check if an item is contained in the list
Link to this section Functions
calculates the content_indexer weights for each token in the list of tokens against the corpus of tokens
## Parameters
- tokens: List of tokens to be indexed
- corpus_of_tokens: List of lists representing the corpus of all tokens
## Example
iex> ContentIndexerService.calculate_content_indexer_documents(
["bread","butter","jam"],
[
["red","brown","jam"],
["blue","green","butter"],
["pink","green","bread","jam"]
])
{:ok, [bread: 0.3662040962227032, butter: 0.3662040962227032,jam: 0.3662040962227032]}
calculates the content_indexer weights for each token in the list of tokens against the corpus of tokens
## Parameters
- tokens: List of tokens to be indexed
- corpus_of_tokens: List of lists representing the corpus of all tokens
- corpus_size: Integer with the size of the corpus_of_tokens - just so we can avoid re-calculating it
## Example
iex> ContentIndexerService.calculate_content_indexer_documents(
["bread","butter","jam"],
[
["red","brown","jam"],
["blue","green","butter"],
["pink","green","bread","jam"]
])
{:ok, [bread: 0.3662040962227032, butter: 0.3662040962227032,jam: 0.3662040962227032]}
calculates the content_indexer weights for each token in the query - weights the query against itself
## Parameters
- tokens: List of tokens to be indexed
## Example
iex> ContentIndexerService.calculate_content_indexer_query(["bread","butter","jam"])
{:ok, [bread: 0.0, butter: 0.0, jam: 0.0]}
calculates the term frequency for each token in the list of tokens representing the document and returns a list of the tokens with their respective term frequencies
## Parameters
- tokens: List of tokens to be indexed
## Example
iex> ContentIndexerService.calculate_tf_document(["bread","butter","jam","jam","bread","bread"])
{:ok, [bread: 0.5, butter: 0.16666666666666666, jam: 0.3333333333333333]}
calculates the word count for each token in the list of tokens representing the document and returns a list of the tokens with their respective word counts
## Parameters
- tokens: List of tokens to be indexed
## Example
iex> ContentIndexerService.calculate_token_count_document(["bread","butter","jam","jam","bread","bread"])
{:ok, [bread: 3, butter: 1, jam: 2]}
simple function to check if an item is contained in the list
## Parameters
- list: List of any type
- item: Any type of item stored in the list
## Example
iex> ContentIndexerService.calculate_content_indexer_documents(
["bread","butter","jam"],
[
["red","brown","jam"],
["blue","green","butter"],
["pink","green","bread","jam"]
])
{:ok, [bread: 0.3662040962227032, butter: 0.3662040962227032,jam: 0.3662040962227032]}


"Scarlet Street" is one of the strangest noir tales ever told on screen, primarily because it seems rooted in almost something farcical. Here is the story of a modest cashier who makes a conniving woman believe that he is a world-famous painter. This could be a comedy but under the hands of German director Fritz Lang ("Metropolis"), it takes on the existential - showing that one person's actions can result in a hopeless situation.
Edward G. Robinson plays Chris, a sullen cashier working for an anonymous bank company. His one joy in life is to paint, a habit not taken seriously by a single character in the film. One night, after hastily leaving a celebration in his honor, Chris sees a woman in the street robbed by some guy. The victim is Kitty (Joan Bennett), a purely electrifying doll, funny yet devious with a devilish smile. The thief gets away yet Chris is mesmerized by Kitty, taking her out for a drink (initially coffee, as always with a noir protagonist). He asks to meet her again, and his love for painting makes Kitty suspect he is a renown painter with lots of money to spare. Kitty thus uses Chris, and we discover the thief from earlier is actually her boyfriend, Johnny (Dan Duryea), whom she passes off as her cousin. Chris sees Johnny as an intrusion, but nevertheless, he falls hopelessly in love. He is so in love that he steals money from his bank so he can rent her a luxurious Greenwich Village apartment! Chris also sees the apartment as a studio where he can paint, away from the constant squabbling of his unhappy wife, Millie (it is more spacious than the bathroom he uses in his apartment). But Kitty has other plans - she sees Chris's paintings as an avenue for success and profit, and so does the irascible, persistent Johnny. Therein lie the twists.
"Scarlet Street" has lots of comical scenes, mostly provided by Bennett who does enough double takes and lascivious stares to make her the almost cartoonish version of Joan Crawford. All her scenes with Robinson are set in bedrooms or closed-in restaurants, and they are all perfectly flawless, exuding both humor and tension. Bennett also makes Kitty ambiguous - we are never sure what to make of her, and her sensuousness and supposed sensitivity reinforce her two-sided nature. She is out to make a buck anyway she can, but is she as amoral as Johnny, who goes so far as to sell Chris's paintings himself?
Robinson is at his most restrained and sympathetic, even when his actions become questionable, we know he will do anything for the love of his life. Counterbalancing between blindsightedness and naivete, his final act of love resulting in tragic consequences is a marvel to witness - his pained gestures show a man slowly coming apart at the seams. This is an extraordinary performance, almost as good as his similarly repressed protagonist in "Woman in the Window."
Fritz Lang, who previously directed "Woman in the Window," does wonders with the film, showing just about every single facet of noir - smoking, shadows in the night, wrongful murders, accusations, double twists, and an unseen electrocution. "Scarlet Street" is a terrific film, brimming with humor and horror in balanced doses. Most significant is Lang's inevitable ending reinforcing the hopelessness of Chris's situation. Though the ending initially had problems with the censors, it is justified and shows a degree of punishment - living with a crime is often more punishing than actual punishment from the law.
For more reviews, check out JERRY AT THE MOVIES at http://buffs.moviething.com/buffs/faust/
E-mail me with any questions, concerns or comments at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Self-motivated and hardworking pursuing graduation seeking an opportunity to work in a challenging environment to prove my skills and utilize my knowledge of various technologies for the growth of an organization. I am a dependable person who is great at time management and always energetic and eager to learn new skills.I am a daily learner.You Can download my resume by clicking On Resume in the navigation bar
SKILLS
Portfolio
Write here basic details about the project.
Write here basic details about the project.
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What is our project About
Our project is all about making our city’s healthy and a good environment for future generations. We saw that some of our cities have bad pollution problems and without monitoring the pollution it can get out of hand and can affect all communites, creating major health issues.
According to the world health organisation over 4.5 million people die per year from pollution ‘The World Health Organization estimates that 4.6 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution.’
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/air_pollution.htm
This is why we have created this open source project because we believe something should be done about this issue, because it has an impact on everyone.


|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object | +--waba.io.Stream | +--waba.io.File
File is a file or directory.
The File class will not work under the PalmPilot since it does not contain a filesystem.
Here is an example showing data being read from a file:
File file = new File("/temp/tempfile", File.READ_ONLY); if (!file.isOpen()) return; byte b[] = new byte[10]; file.readBytes(b, 0, 10); file.close(); file = new File("/temp/tempfile", File.DONT_OPEN); file.delete();
| Field Summary | |
static int |
CREATE
Create open mode. |
static int |
DONT_OPEN
Don't open the file mode. |
static int |
READ_ONLY
Read-only open mode. |
static int |
READ_WRITE
Read-write open mode. |
static int |
WRITE_ONLY
Write-only open mode. |
| Constructor Summary | |
File(String path,
int mode)
Opens a file with the given name and mode. |
| Method Summary | |
boolean |
close()
Closes the file. |
boolean |
createDir()
Creates a directory. |
boolean |
delete()
Deletes the file or directory. |
boolean |
exists()
Returns true if the file exists and false otherwise. |
int |
getLength()
Returns the length of the file in bytes. |
String |
getPath()
Return the file's path. |
boolean |
isDir()
Returns true if the file is a directory and false otherwise. |
boolean |
isOpen()
Returns true if the file is open for reading or writing and false otherwise. |
String[] |
listDir()
Lists the files contained in a directory. |
int |
readBytes(byte[] b,
int off,
int len)
Reads bytes from the file into a byte array. |
boolean |
rename(String path)
Renames the file. |
boolean |
seek(int pos)
Sets the file pointer for read and write operations to the given position. |
int |
writeBytes(byte[] b,
int off,
int len)
Writes to the file. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
equals, hashCode, toString |
| Field Detail |
public static final int DONT_OPEN
public static final int READ_ONLY
public static final int WRITE_ONLY
public static final int READ_WRITE
public static final int CREATE
| Constructor Detail |
public File(String path, int mode)
path
- the file's pathmode
- one of DONT_OPEN, READ_ONLY, WRITE_ONLY, READ_WRITE or CREATE| Method Detail |
public boolean close()
close
in class Stream
public boolean isOpen()
public boolean createDir()
public boolean delete()
public boolean exists()
public int getLength()
public String getPath()
public boolean isDir()
public String[] listDir()
public int readBytes(byte[] b, int off, int len)
readBytes
in class Stream
buf
- the byte array to read data intostart
- the start position in the arraycount
- the number of bytes to readpublic int writeBytes(byte[] b, int off, int len)
writeBytes
in class Stream
buf
- the byte array to write data fromstart
- the start position in the byte arraycount
- the number of bytes to writepublic boolean rename(String path)
public boolean seek(int pos)
file.seek(file.getLength());True is returned if the operation is successful and false otherwise.
|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


Rohit Sharma on verge of joining 400 sixes club
by IANSNAGPUR: India stand-in captain Rohit Sharma is all set to reach another milestone in international cricket. Rohit, who will lead the Men in Blue in the 3rd and final T20I against Bangladesh on Sunday, is two sixes away from joining the elite 400 sixes club in international cricket.
In the ODIs, Rohit has hammered 232 sixes, while he has struck 51 in Tests. In T20Is, the Mimbai batsman has struck 115 sixes so far.
Rohit now needs just two sixes to join the 400 sixes club. Till now, only two players have reached the milestone. Former Pakistan batsman Shahid Afridi has 476 sixes while West Indies opener Chris Gayle has amassed 534 sixes in international cricket.
After registering an emphatic victory in Rajkot to level the three-match rubber, India will aim for another commanding performance when they take on the Bangla Tigers in the series-deciding third T20I here on Sunday.
Teams batting first have won eight of the 11 T20Is played at this venue and thus it would be interesting to see what India would do in case they win the toss.


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| Date | Phase | Task | Status | Link/attachment |
| 10/2/17 | Sprint Zero | Design Style Guideline | Done | BNI Styleguide.pdf |
| 10/2/17 | Sprint Zero | Design Style Guideline | Done | BNI Styleguide.pdf |
| 10/2/17 | Sprint Zero | Design Style Guideline | Done | BNI Styleguide.pdf |
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| Date | Invoice No | Title of Project | Status | Currency | Balance | Redeem Voucher |
| 10/2/17 | 201702002 | BNI MVP2 | Active | USD | 1200 | No Voucher |
| 10/2/17 | 201702002 | BNI MVP2 | Active | USD | 1200 | No Voucher |
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This would be a step up to the next level for me. It would be the biggest role and the biggest challenge in my career to this point. I feel that I am capable of it, suited to it and ready for it.
I possess a humble worldly perspective, a talent for imagination and a desire to be a force for positive change.


fun addSequential(command: Command): Unit
Adds a new Command to the group. The Command will be started after all the previously added commands.
Note that any requirement the given Command has will be added to the group. For this reason, a command's requirements can not be changed after being added to a group.
It is recommended that this method be called in the constructor.
command
- the command to be added
IllegalUseOfCommandException
- if the group has been started before or been given to
another group
fun addSequential(command: Command, timeout: Double): Unit
Adds a new Command to the group with a given timeout. The Command will be started after all the previously added commands.
Once the Command is started, it will run until it finishes or the time expires, whichever is sooner. Note that the given Command will have no knowledge that it is on a timer.
Note that any requirement the given Command has will be added to the group. For this reason, a command's requirements can not be changed after being added to a group.
It is recommended that this method be called in the constructor.
command
- the command to be added
timeout
- The timeout (in seconds)
IllegalUseOfCommandException
- if the group has been started before or been given to
another group


{% set events = prismic.events | to_events_viewmodel(prismic.authors) %}
{% include "../src/partials/head.html" with { 'relative_path_to_root': relative_path_to_root, 'title': 'Zalando Tech Events', 'description': 'Check out the Zalando Tech events page. Here you’ll find past and upcoming Meetups, conferences and events we’re hosting and attending.', 'keywords': 'Zalando Tech, events, meetups, tech' } %} {% include "../src/partials/header.html" with { 'relative_path_to_root': relative_path_to_root, 'active': 'events' } %}


TASKSEL(8) Debian specific manpage TASKSEL(8) NAME tasksel - a user interface for installing tasks SYNOPSIS tasksel install <task> tasksel remove <task> tasksel [options] DESCRIPTION tasksel shows all available tasks and allows to user to select ones to install OPTIONS -t, --test test mode; don't actually install or remove packages --new-install automatically select some tasks without even displaying them to the user; default other tasks to on; used during new Debian installs. --list-tasks list on stdout the tasks that would be displayed in the tasksel interface --task-packages task lists on stdout the packages that are available and part of the given task Note that this option may be given more than once. --task-desc task outputs the extended description of the given task --debconf-apt-progress options Pass the specified options to the debconf-apt-progress command that tasksel runs. SEE ALSO dpkg(8), apt-get(8) FILES /usr/share/tasksel/*.desc and /usr/local/share/tasksel/*.desc are used to define tasks. AUTHOR tasksel was written by Randolph Chung<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and Joey Hess<EMAIL_ADDRESS>HISTORY This document first appeared with tasksel-1.0 3.14.1 2012-08-27 TASKSEL(8)


An rst directive starts with two periods, and has a keyword followed by two colons, like this:
.. MyDirective::
The rst parser is quite flexible and configurable. Directives may be added for specialized operations. Sphinx is a system that was designed for writing documentation, and, for example, readthedocs.org uses sphinx.
Display of rst files at github needs to cover two distinct use-cases:
Currently, github handles the first case fine, but could confuse viewers for the second case, because sometimes content is missing from the github display.
It would seem that one possibility for distinguishing these two cases is to add a github directive to control the display.
Unfortunately, this would place a burden on every other rst parser to ignore the github directive (some of them will error on unknown directives).
Instead, we can assign semantic content to specific comments.
This is a fairly ugly hack, but it has the benefit of not requiring any document changes that would create problems with any conformant parser.
The proposed special comment is:
.. github display [on | off]
If you pass this the "on" value, then all unknown directives will be displayed as literal code blocks. If you pass this the "off" value, then unknown directives will not be displayed.
In addition to controlling the display of literal code blocks, this also allows you to show comments specifically for github.
For example, somebody could place this at the top of their file:
.. github display This file was designed to be viewed at readthedocs. Some content will not display properly when viewing using the github browser.
By default, unknown directives should be displayed.
.. UnknownDirective:: This is an unknown directive it has a lot of stuff underneath it
But we can turn this off, and the next directive should not be displayed.
Or we can turn it back on...
.. UnknownDirective:: This is an unknown directive (3) it has a lot of stuff underneath it
Here is a comment that should display at github
YOU SHOULD SEE THIS!
And here is a comment that should not display at github
This concludes the tests.


public class WiFi_Scan_approx_location
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static double |
MIN_DB_ERR |
static double |
NO_AP_DB_DIFF |
static double |
POWER_OF_DIFF |
static double |
POWER_OF_SIGNAL |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
WiFi_Scan_approx_location() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static WiFi_Scans |
approx_Scans_positions(WiFi_Scans db,
WiFi_Scans testing,
int max_samples)
This is the main function implementing the positioning algorithm for a given WiFi_Scan - with respect to
a given DB (Testing set).
|
static java.util.ArrayList<Weighted_WiFi_Scan> |
compute_correlation(WiFi_Scan curr,
WiFi_Scans db)
This function scan the list of WiFi_Scans and for each one computes its resembles (correlation) to a given
current WiFi_Scan - the List is then being sorted according to the weight.
|
static double |
correlation(WiFi_Scan curr,
WiFi_Scan db_record)
This function computes the correlation between two WiFi Scan (curr, db):
for each AP in curr, look for the same AP in db:
if exists, compute the signal diff + some constant (MIN_DB_ERR),
if not assume 100 db diff (NO_AP_DB_DIFF).
|
static double |
diff(WiFi_AP curr,
WiFi_Scan db) |
public static final double MIN_DB_ERR
public static final double NO_AP_DB_DIFF
public static final double POWER_OF_SIGNAL
public static final double POWER_OF_DIFF
public static WiFi_Scans approx_Scans_positions(WiFi_Scans db, WiFi_Scans testing, int max_samples)
db
- testing
- public static java.util.ArrayList<Weighted_WiFi_Scan> compute_correlation(WiFi_Scan curr, WiFi_Scans db)
curr
- db
- public static double correlation(WiFi_Scan curr, WiFi_Scan db_record)
curr
- db_record
-


WITNESS LIST Finance Committee March 17, 1999-9:00A SB 182 AGAINST: Canaday, R. Don (Foundation Appraisers Coalition of Texas), San Antonio Registering, but not testifying: Against: Little, Ronald P. (Foundation Appraisers Coalition of Texas), Houston SB 647 FOR: Aken, David (San Patricio County), Sinton ON: Krampitz, Tom (Texas District & County Attorneys Association), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Covington, Bob (Guadalupe County), Seguin Goff, Thomas M. (Self), San Angelo Hathcox, VaLinda (Self), Sulphur Springs Hofmann, Rob (Mason County), Mason Motley, David (Self), Kerrville Reese, Raymond H. (DeWitt County), city not given Wilson, Russell (Self), Floresville SB 713 FOR: Allison, Jim (County Judges & Commissioners Association of Texas), Austin Sims, Randy (County Judges & Commissioners Association of Texas), Bryan ON: Laney, David M. (Department of Transportation), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Addington, John R. (Bowie County), New Boston Brown, Tim (Bell County), Belton Evans, Mark (Counties), city not given Hathcox, VaLinda (Hopkins County), Sulphur Springs Jones, Tony (Brazos County), Bryan Thompson, John P. (Polk County), Livingston Against: Jackson, Lee (Dallas County), Dallas SB 783 FOR: Schwartz, Jonas (United Cerebral Palsy of Texas), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Ham, Laura (Texas Planning Council for Developmental Disabilities), Austin Sokolow, Judith (Disability Policy Consortium), Austin Westbrook, Redge (Coalition of Texans with Disabilities), Austin SB 928 THIS LIST HAS NO WITNESSES. SJR 21 FOR: Blassingame, David (NVLA Texas Chapter), city not given Registering, but not testifying: For: Cates, Phil (NVLA Texas Chapter), Austin Guerrero, Brenda (NVLA Texas Chapter), Austin Guerrero, Joe (Texas Vehicle Leasing Association), Austin Rogers, Rob (NVLA Texas Chapter), Dallas


Weekly Meeting: 2016-03-02
2nd Mar 2016: Decision to drop 4.01, 2.7 released, Hackathon and CI.
Agenda
- Quality and Test
- MirageOS 2.7 released!
- MirageOS Hackathon next week!
- GSoC / Xen
- Basic CI
- Pinned packages
Attendees: Amir, Gemma, Dan Williams, talex5, mindy, Drup, ThomasG, Mort, Hannes DavidK, SeanG, Anil, Chris ?, Daniel.
Notes
Quality and Test
- Anil working it. Got extra users now. Tests for 4.03.0 are running.
- Folks should switch to
-ppx
extensions instead (anyone using camlp4 should switch) - Discussion and decision that we should move to 4.02 support only (i.e. drop support for 4.01). No strong objections to this in the last few weeks.
camlp4toppx
works really well. Rudi wrote a good blog post on this. Anil found some bugs so does it manually.- Need to jump over at some point to ppx :) Need to do it together.
- If we had virtual packages it would have been easier to transition. Tedious to go through every single package. TG: sometimes you have new depopts? AM: Will take a look properly and figure it out. Virtual packages seem the way to go, but no clean answer right now.
cstruct
is one of the first packages that we need a pure version of (i.e. not camlp4). It has many reverse dependencies. To build, it doesn’t require camlp4.- Some comments about tyxml.
MirageOS 2.7 released!
- Yay for release! Thanks everyone!
- TG: Have seen an issue with the block devices. If you look at
mirage-www
we notice block device issues.mirage-www
needs only one but mounts 5. - Gabriel thinks he knows why and will comment on the issue.
MirageOS Hackathon
- Hannes has booked flights. All seems to be fine!
- Food at breakfast, 2pm and evening! All sorted.
- Could possibly have people joining remotely, maybe folks from Cambridge.
- How many people interested in that and is it possible to do that?
- There’s internet at the venue and someone could do that (won’t be Hannes).
- Benefit is it’s in the same time zone as the UK.
- Will use the IRC channel for comms if people want to join remotely. If anyone can transport books to Morocco, please tell Hannes :)
GSoC / Xen
- Xen Project not part of GSoC this year. 2nd year in a row that Xen isn’t selected. Many other orgs didn’t get selected either.
- SG: Clojure org not selected either and they have been for several years. Seems like Google just narrowing their organisation inclusion criteria.
- Suggestion about applying as unikernel.org. AC will take a look at requirements.
- Suggestion to look into ESA summer of code.
- We’re still part of Outreachy though.
Basic CI
- SeanG was surprised that when we went to deploy, he hit the
bootvar
issue when deploying to public cloud. Having some basic test harness would be good. - Looking at setting up a unikernel workshop at the OCaml meetups and having a CI set up would be great for this. Sean can take a crack at getting this up and running.
- SeanG’s tests needs to be running on EC2 to test things. As we move into more real world production it’ll be an issue.
- Need to have test set ups working for all major cloud providers. Current
testing is mostly compilation and units tests (e.g.
mirage-skeleton
). Should also be testingbootvars
to see if it can handle arbitrary things. - We’re missing an end-to-end solution.
- Spiros has EC2 bindings so Mindy will plan a blog post. SG: Mindy’s scripts were really useful in getting started — thank you for those.
Pinned packages
- SG: Wants to deploy unikernel-based service at his company. Need to have a consistent dev environment to share with others. Has manual instructions to pin packages (frustrating). People should make releases (but even then, doesn’t deal with the problem of versions.). Maybe functoria can be used to define things?
- AM: Maybe have mirage output a manifest and that’s consumed by opam (instead of baking opam into Mirage). Then we can use container infrastructure. Trying to control everything from config.ml is difficult.
- Containers make OPAM much easier. Right environment with everything precompiled. Easy for app to build on top of the container rather than controlling everything via config.ml
- Can also create your own remotes with packages. It’s a pain but it does work and only requires one instruction.
- These days we should not really call opam from within mirage :) Would make it easier to run mirage in a deployment pipeline. Would also make sense to remove the depexts.
- Most of this possible but not well integrated yet. Would like to get a config.ml to dockerfile thing.
- Need better cross-platform support.
- SG: Unclear about how mirage creates a makefile.
- DBuenzli: cross compilation for 1.3 in opam? Louis has a lot of stuff to work on for opam internals. Windows has made good progress too. If anyone has time to look at windows stuff, that would be useful too.
–
AoB
-
Are video calls useful to people? Thoughts that calls are not useful without previous notes. Amir thinks calls are useful as long as people contribute to an agenda. Can try an IRC meeting during the Hackathon.
-
The next call is scheduled for 16th March. Please add any agenda items you wish to discuss in advance and refer to the mailing list for actual details a day or so in advance.


Hello, as it states above my name is Thomas Martinez. I spent 8 years in the Air Force building jet engines. I was stationed in: Florida (Hurlburt Field), Al-Udeid(Qatar),Joint Base Lewis-McChord(washington), and March ARB(California)
You may not believe this but I am in fact a former mammal baby. I was born in Los Angeles, fast forward 8 years and
Was I born in WA? No
Was I ever in Qatar? Yes
Was I in Florida for more than two years? Yes
Was I born a mammal? Yes
Was I under the age of 10 when I moved to Washington? Yes
Name a state or country I have mentioned? Washington, Florida, California, Arizona
Choose a number 1-10? 9
What came first the ------- or the ---? Rhinocerous, Chicken, Egg


| Id | |
| Category | |
| Is Structural Element | |
| Volume | |
| #Direct Connected Elements | |
| #Direct Connected Structural Elements | |
| #Direct Supported Elements | |
| #Non Direct Dependent Elements | |
| #All Dependent Elements | |
| Direct Connected Elements (Volume m3) | |
| #Direct Connected Structural Elements (volume m3) | |
| Direct Supported Elements (Volume m3) | |
| Non Direct Dependent Elements (Volume m3) | |
| All Dependent Elements (Volume m3) |


YUIDoc Doc parser¶
YUIDoc is a [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/) application used at build time to generate API documentation for JavaScript code. YUIDoc is comment-driven and supports a wide range of JavaScript coding styles. The output of YUI Doc is API documentation formatted as a set of HTML pages including information about methods, properties, custom events and inheritance for JavaScript objects. YUIDoc was orignally written for the YUI Project; it uses YUI JavaScript and CSS in the generated files and it supports common YUI conventions like Custom Events. That said, it can be used easily and productively on non-YUI code.
Current Build Status¶
[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/yui/yuidoc.png?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/yui/yuidoc)
Installation¶
npm -g i yuidocjs
Documentation¶
- [User Guides](http://yui.github.com/yuidoc/)
- [API Docs](http://yui.github.com/yuidoc/api/)
- [Support Mailing List](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/yuidoc)
Released under the YUI BSD License¶
Copyright 2012 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- Neither the name of the Yahoo! Inc. nor the
names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL YAHOO! INC.


| Anova {car} | R Documentation |
Calculates type-II or type-III analysis-of-variance tables for
model objects produced by lm
, glm
, multinom
(in the nnet package), polr
(in the MASS
package), coxph
(in the survival package),
coxme
(in the coxme pckage),
svyglm
(in the survey package), rlm
(in the MASS package),
lmer
in the lme4 package,
lme
in the nlme package, and (by the default method) for most
models with a linear predictor and asymptotically normal coefficients (see details below). For linear
models, F-tests are calculated; for generalized linear models,
likelihood-ratio chisquare, Wald chisquare, or F-tests are calculated;
for multinomial logit and proportional-odds logit models, likelihood-ratio
tests are calculated. Various test statistics are provided for multivariate
linear models produced by lm
or manova
. Partial-likelihood-ratio tests
or Wald tests are provided for Cox models. Wald chi-square tests are provided for fixed effects in
linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models. Wald chi-square or F tests are provided
in the default case.
Anova(mod, ...) Manova(mod, ...) ## S3 method for class 'lm' Anova(mod, error, type=c("II","III", 2, 3), white.adjust=c(FALSE, TRUE, "hc3", "hc0", "hc1", "hc2", "hc4"), vcov.=NULL, singular.ok, ...) ## S3 method for class 'aov' Anova(mod, ...) ## S3 method for class 'glm' Anova(mod, type=c("II","III", 2, 3), test.statistic=c("LR", "Wald", "F"), error, error.estimate=c("pearson", "dispersion", "deviance"), singular.ok, ...) ## S3 method for class 'multinom' Anova(mod, type = c("II","III", 2, 3), ...) ## S3 method for class 'polr' Anova(mod, type = c("II","III", 2, 3), ...) ## S3 method for class 'mlm' Anova(mod, type=c("II","III", 2, 3), SSPE, error.df, idata, idesign, icontrasts=c("contr.sum", "contr.poly"), imatrix, test.statistic=c("Pillai", "Wilks", "Hotelling-Lawley", "Roy"),...) ## S3 method for class 'manova' Anova(mod, ...) ## S3 method for class 'mlm' Manova(mod, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Anova.mlm' print(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'Anova.mlm' summary(object, test.statistic, univariate=object$repeated, multivariate=TRUE, p.adjust.method, ...) ## S3 method for class 'summary.Anova.mlm' print(x, digits = getOption("digits"), SSP=TRUE, SSPE=SSP, ... ) ## S3 method for class 'univaov' print(x, digits = max(getOption("digits") - 2L, 3L), style=c("wide", "long"), by=c("response", "term"), ...) ## S3 method for class 'univaov' as.data.frame(x, row.names, optional, by=c("response", "term"), ...) ## S3 method for class 'coxph' Anova(mod, type=c("II", "III", 2, 3), test.statistic=c("LR", "Wald"), ...) ## S3 method for class 'coxme' Anova(mod, type=c("II", "III", 2, 3), test.statistic=c("Wald", "LR"), ...) ## S3 method for class 'lme' Anova(mod, type=c("II","III", 2, 3), vcov.=vcov(mod, complete=FALSE), singular.ok, ...) ## S3 method for class 'mer' Anova(mod, type=c("II", "III", 2, 3), test.statistic=c("Chisq", "F"), vcov.=vcov(mod, complete=FALSE), singular.ok, ...) ## S3 method for class 'merMod' Anova(mod, type=c("II", "III", 2, 3), test.statistic=c("Chisq", "F"), vcov.=vcov(mod, complete=FALSE), singular.ok, ...) ## S3 method for class 'svyglm' Anova(mod, ...) ## S3 method for class 'rlm' Anova(mod, ...) ## Default S3 method: Anova(mod, type=c("II", "III", 2, 3), test.statistic=c("Chisq", "F"), vcov.=vcov(mod, complete=FALSE), singular.ok, ...)
mod |
|
error |
for a linear model, an |
type |
type of test, |
singular.ok |
defaults to |
test.statistic |
for a generalized linear model, whether to calculate
|
error.estimate |
for F-tests for a generalized linear model, base the
dispersion estimate on the Pearson residuals ( |
white.adjust |
if not |
SSPE |
For |
SSP |
if |
error.df |
The degrees of freedom for error; if missing, will be taken from the model. |
idata |
an optional data frame giving a factor or factors defining the intra-subject model for multivariate repeated-measures data. See Details for an explanation of the intra-subject design and for further explanation of the other arguments relating to intra-subject factors. |
idesign |
a one-sided model formula using the “data” in |
icontrasts |
names of contrast-generating functions to be applied by default
to factors and ordered factors, respectively, in the within-subject
“data”; the contrasts must produce an intra-subject model
matrix in which different terms are orthogonal. The default is
|
imatrix |
as an alternative to specifying |
x, object |
object of class |
multivariate, univariate |
compute and print multivariate and univariate tests for a repeated-measures
ANOVA or multivariate linear model; the default is |
p.adjust.method |
if given for a multivariate linear model when univariate tests are requested, the
univariate tests are corrected for simultaneous inference by term; if specified, should be one of the methods
recognized by |
digits |
minimum number of significant digits to print. |
style |
for printing univariate tests if requested for a multivariate linear model; one of |
by |
if univariate tests are printed in |
row.names, optional |
not used. |
vcov. |
in the |
... |
do not use. |
The designations "type-II" and "type-III" are borrowed from SAS, but the definitions used here do not correspond precisely to those employed by SAS. Type-II tests are calculated according to the principle of marginality, testing each term after all others, except ignoring the term's higher-order relatives; so-called type-III tests violate marginality, testing each term in the model after all of the others. This definition of Type-II tests corresponds to the tests produced by SAS for analysis-of-variance models, where all of the predictors are factors, but not more generally (i.e., when there are quantitative predictors). Be very careful in formulating the model for type-III tests, or the hypotheses tested will not make sense.
As implemented here, type-II Wald tests are a generalization of the linear hypotheses used to generate these tests in linear models.
For tests for linear models, multivariate linear models, and Wald tests for generalized linear models,
Cox models, mixed-effects models, generalized linear models fit to survey data, and in the default case,
Anova
finds the test statistics without refitting the model. The svyglm
method simply
calls the default
method and therefore can take the same arguments.
The standard R anova
function calculates sequential ("type-I") tests.
These rarely test interesting hypotheses in unbalanced designs.
A MANOVA for a multivariate linear model (i.e., an object of
class "mlm"
or "manova"
) can optionally include an
intra-subject repeated-measures design.
If the intra-subject design is absent (the default), the multivariate
tests concern all of the response variables.
To specify a repeated-measures design, a data frame is provided defining the repeated-measures factor or
factors
via idata
, with default contrasts given by the icontrasts
argument. An intra-subject model-matrix is generated from the formula
specified by the idesign
argument; columns of the model matrix
corresponding to different terms in the intra-subject model must be orthogonal
(as is insured by the default contrasts). Note that the contrasts given in
icontrasts
can be overridden by assigning specific contrasts to the
factors in idata
. As an alternative, the within-subjects model matrix
can be specified directly via the imatrix
argument.
Manova
is essentially a synonym for Anova
for multivariate linear models.
If univariate tests are requested for the summary
of a multivariate linear model, the object returned
contains a univaov
component of "univaov"
; print
and as.data.frame
methods are
provided for the "univaov"
class.
For the default method to work, the model object must contain a standard
terms
element, and must respond to the vcov
, coef
, and model.matrix
functions.
If any of these requirements is missing, then it may be possible to supply it reasonably simply (e.g., by
writing a missing vcov
method for the class of the model object).
An object of class "anova"
, or "Anova.mlm"
, which usually is printed.
For objects of class "Anova.mlm"
, there is also a summary
method,
which provides much more detail than the print
method about the MANOVA, including
traditional mixed-model univariate F-tests with Greenhouse-Geisser and Huynh-Feldt
corrections.
Be careful of type-III tests: For a traditional multifactor ANOVA model with interactions, for example, these tests will normally only be sensible when using contrasts that, for different terms, are
orthogonal in the row-basis of the model, such as those produced by contr.sum
, contr.poly
, or contr.helmert
, but not by the default
contr.treatment
. In a model that contains factors, numeric covariates, and interactions, main-effect tests for factors will be for differences over the origin. In contrast (pun intended),
type-II tests are invariant with respect to (full-rank) contrast coding. If you don't understand this issue, then you probably shouldn't use Anova
for type-III tests.
John Fox<EMAIL_ADDRESS>the code for the Mauchly test and Greenhouse-Geisser and Huynh-Feldt
corrections for non-spericity in repeated-measures ANOVA are adapted from the functions
stats:::stats:::mauchly.test.SSD
and stats:::sphericity
by R Core; summary.Anova.mlm
and print.summary.Anova.mlm
incorporates code contributed by Gabriel Baud-Bovy.
Fox, J. (2016) Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models, Third Edition. Sage.
Fox, J. and Weisberg, S. (2019) An R Companion to Applied Regression, Third Edition, Sage.
Hand, D. J., and Taylor, C. C. (1987) Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Repeated Measures: A Practical Approach for Behavioural Scientists. Chapman and Hall.
O'Brien, R. G., and Kaiser, M. K. (1985) MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer. Psychological Bulletin 97, 316–333.
linearHypothesis
, anova
anova.lm
, anova.glm
,
anova.mlm
, anova.coxph
, svyglm
.
## Two-Way Anova mod <- lm(conformity ~ fcategory*partner.status, data=Moore, contrasts=list(fcategory=contr.sum, partner.status=contr.sum)) Anova(mod) Anova(mod, type=3) # note use of contr.sum in call to lm() ## One-Way MANOVA ## See ?Pottery for a description of the data set used in this example. summary(Anova(lm(cbind(Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na) ~ Site, data=Pottery))) ## MANOVA for a randomized block design (example courtesy of Michael Friendly: ## See ?Soils for description of the data set) soils.mod <- lm(cbind(pH,N,Dens,P,Ca,Mg,K,Na,Conduc) ~ Block + Contour*Depth, data=Soils) Manova(soils.mod) summary(Anova(soils.mod), univariate=TRUE, multivariate=FALSE, p.adjust.method=TRUE) ## a multivariate linear model for repeated-measures data ## See ?OBrienKaiser for a description of the data set used in this example. phase <- factor(rep(c("pretest", "posttest", "followup"), c(5, 5, 5)), levels=c("pretest", "posttest", "followup")) hour <- ordered(rep(1:5, 3)) idata <- data.frame(phase, hour) idata mod.ok <- lm(cbind(pre.1, pre.2, pre.3, pre.4, pre.5, post.1, post.2, post.3, post.4, post.5, fup.1, fup.2, fup.3, fup.4, fup.5) ~ treatment*gender, data=OBrienKaiser) (av.ok <- Anova(mod.ok, idata=idata, idesign=~phase*hour)) summary(av.ok, multivariate=FALSE) ## A "doubly multivariate" design with two distinct repeated-measures variables ## (example courtesy of Michael Friendly) ## See ?WeightLoss for a description of the dataset. imatrix <- matrix(c( 1,0,-1, 1, 0, 0, 1,0, 0,-2, 0, 0, 1,0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,1, 0, 0,-1, 1, 0,1, 0, 0, 0,-2, 0,1, 0, 0, 1, 1), 6, 6, byrow=TRUE) colnames(imatrix) <- c("WL", "SE", "WL.L", "WL.Q", "SE.L", "SE.Q") rownames(imatrix) <- colnames(WeightLoss)[-1] (imatrix <- list(measure=imatrix[,1:2], month=imatrix[,3:6])) contrasts(WeightLoss$group) <- matrix(c(-2,1,1, 0,-1,1), ncol=2) (wl.mod<-lm(cbind(wl1, wl2, wl3, se1, se2, se3)~group, data=WeightLoss)) Anova(wl.mod, imatrix=imatrix, test="Roy") ## mixed-effects models examples: ## Not run: library(nlme) example(lme) Anova(fm2) ## End(Not run) ## Not run: library(lme4) example(glmer) Anova(gm1) ## End(Not run)


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18 Times People Wanted to Take a Perfect Photo, but Something Went Wrong
Taking the perfect photo today seems so easy — all you need to do is just put on your best smile and take the phone out of your pocket. However, sometimes, even when we take an ordinary picture that doesn’t require any professional skills, we can get some pretty unexpected results because something suddenly goes wrong. Let’s take a look at some hilarious examples of these failures.
Bright Side put together 18 photography fails that will make you laugh out loud.
18. “My children’s first Christmas photo together”
17. “I took this picture trying to get a fun candid shot of the bride and groom. Best choice ever.”
16. When you’re trying to recreate a Pinterest photo:
15. Groom thought everybody was jumping.
14. Bring your toddler to the wedding, they said, it will be cute, they said...
13. He didn’t choose the filter life, the filter life chose him.
12. “My friend’s brother’s wedding photo... with a planking pastor in the background.”
11. “When the photographer told our daughter to ’Smile pretty like a princess,’ this magic happened.”
10. “I asked my boyfriend to get a cute picture of me by the ocean in Iceland.”
9. “Our wedding photographer captured the moment our cake started to topple.”
8. “I was taking a picture of my parents and this happened.”
7. A “man” bun
6. We all have a friend like this.
5. “My mom’s first attempt at a selfie”
4. “My mom missed a group photo, so she offered to Photoshop herself in.”
3. “We took engagement pictures with our new puppy. This one is my favorite.”
2. Fall always comes out of the blue.
1. “My daughter’s reaction when holding her new baby sister. Much heavier than the dolls she practiced on.”
Do you have your own examples of photo fails? We’re eager to see them in the comments below!
Preview photo credit unknown / reddit


Project III
A Matlab Galerkin spectral Fourier Method for Navier Stokes.
The main objective of this project is to implement and use an spectral code to solve the two-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a periodic domain. We have chosen the Fourier collocation method to deal with this task. Basically, we use the vorticity stream formulation for the implementation and then we compute the velocity field from the stream function. The idea is to use our implementation to get a better understanding of the dependency on initial condition in the Navier-Stokes equations as well as to study the convergence and stability of the employed numerical method.
The incompressible Navier–Stokes equation.
The dimensionless incompressible Navier–Stokes equation in its traditional form for solving the velocity field is given as follows
where represents the Reynold’s number, and the velocity field in two-dimensions which is given by .
In order to derive the vorticity stream function for the Navier-Stokes equation in two dimensions, we apply the operator. The following procedure is a common way of deriving the vorticity equation. The vorticity is thus defined as
We also know that the following vectorial identity holds
hence, for an scalar function the following relation holds
Therefore re-writing the latter identity in terms of and we get
where the last two terms vanish since and . Employing the above identities, we can transform the Navier-Stokes equation into
We can take the on both sides of the equation. Using the identities previously mentioned, we get the vorticity equation:
This gives us the two–dimensional vorticity equation
The above is the main equation we want to consider. This equation is a nonlinear advection diffusion equation. Once we can successfully solve for vorticity we solve for stream function which is defined as follows
The Warm-up Steps to Get Started.
This section’s purpose is to make the end job easier by setting-up several simple tasks. In order to achieve this purpose, we are going to emply Matlab as our programming environment; therefore, we do not need to install any Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) package, since the built-in function fft() carries out this task.
In order to understand how the fft() function works in Matlab, let us first define the following analytical function
Now, let us compute the continuous Fourier transform over the real interval defined when for as follows
If we consider the values , , and a windows for , we can plot the discrepancy between continuous Fourier transform, and the discrete fourier transform. Figure 1 shows in fact this results.
Figure 1: (a) The analytical function , (b) The Fourier coefficients comparison.
Now we are in position of changing the values of and , and by comparison of the coefficients for the two functions and their analytical counterpart, we will isolate and evaluate three potential errors: truncation of the Fourier coefficients, sampling/aliasing, and non-periodicity errors.
To meassure the error, we have chosen the -norm defined as
Table 1 summarizes these findings.
Table 1 shows that the truncation error comes from the fact of employing an small number . That is why we see for a given , the error decreases if the number of ampling points increases.
On the other hand, since sampling is the process of discretizing the domain of a continuous function to produce a discrete function, it is not surprising that if the sampling rate is too low, information is lost and the continuous funtion is not uniquely determined by the samples. This kind of phenomenon is called aliasing error and that is why we see that the error decreases faster when the value of is much larger because we need to sample more.
Now, to make things a bit more interesting, let us consider the following analytic two-dimensional function
The Fourier coefficients of are computed in the following manner
For numerical visualization, let us compare the coefficients obtained using the analytical expression and the one obtained using fft2() in Matlab. For this purpose, we considered the values , over the domain .
Figure 2: Fourier coefficients comparison.
Now we could also compute the error made in the coefficients for differents values of and . Once again, we have chosen the -norm as measurement of the error over the domain.
Table 2 summarizes these findings.
Table 2 again shows that the truncation error is decreased when a larger number of sampling points is employed. Morever, the aliasing error also decreases faster when the value of is larger.
At this point, we are in possition to write our first Fourier-spectral solver for the (vorticity-stream function) Poisson equation:
here was provided in the appendix of this project. The analytical Taylor vortex function for this particular case is
The analytic solution for can be obtained by means of integration of the provided expression
The domain is considered periodic over the domain . Now, we assume that the solution of can be written as follows
Replacing equation previous equation into the Poisson’s equation, we obtain
here , and . Solving for the coefficients , we are in position to get back to the physical domain using the ifft2() function in Matlab. Figure 3 shows the results obtained considering .
Figure 3: Fourier-spectral solver for the Poisson equation.
To measure quantitatively the error made by truncation and alaising, we have employed the -norm. Table 3 summarizes these findings.
Table 3 shows that the error decreases when a larger number is employed, this is basically because the approximation becomes more accurate since the error made by truncation is smaller, and the alaising component was taken care by increasing the size of the domain.
The last task of this warm-up will be to write a program to evaluate the discrete Fourier coefficients of products of functions. For the sake of simplicity, we will use multiplied by itself, since we can evaluate the exact fourier coefficients of this new function analytically.
The Fourier coefficients of are computed as follows
For numerical visualization, let us compare the coefficients obtained using the analytical expression and the one obtained using the di-aliased method. For this purpose, we considered the values , over the domain .
Figure 4: Di–Aliased Fourier coefficients for .
Now we could also compute the error made in the coefficients for differents values of and . Once again, we have chosen the -norm as measurement of the error over the domain. This result is summarized in Table 4.
The Employed Numerical Scheme.
We use Fourier-spectral method for solving the incompresible Navier–Stokes equations
so if we assume that the solution of this equation can be writen as
and, if we replace it into the the vorticity equation, we get
where
The right hand side of can be solved using discrete Fourier transform on the grid points as it was done in the warm-up section. We have used the fft2() algorithm implemented in Matlab to solve the right hand side. For time evolution we have implemented the Runge–Kutta fourth–order implicit method.
We also have to take care of the aliasing problem by throwing out the frequencies in the convective term employing the method specified in the warm–up. This procedure is implemented in the function DiAliasedFunction() for more details.
Algorithm and Convergence.
In order to empirically determine the stability bounds of the time marching scheme, we will initialize the Fourier coefficients to random complex numbers. We will also run several cases with different values of time step , grid spacing , and Reynold numbers, and then we will compare them with the stability limits for the integration sheme provided bellow:
The physical domain was taken as . We have considered the discretization in the Reynold numbers to be , and . For the grid spacing, the number of sampling points was taken to be uniform in both directions and equal to , , , , , , , and . Finally, for the time step , we employed the values , , , , .
The reults of this exhaustive analysis are shown in Figure 5 and 6. Here the solids black circles represents that the scheme was able to run the case for a long time, here , and the empty circle represents overflow of the method.
Figure 5: Empirical determination of for .
Figure 6: Empirical determination of for .
We see clearly, that the bound specified for agrees very well the convergence criterion for selecting the time step.
Next, to demonstrate convergence to an exact solution, we will compute the solution for the Taylor vortex for relatively short times, so that our solution should be very close to the exact solution.
First, we will hold the time-step constant, here but small enough so that the error is dominated by the spatial discretization. The spatial domain was taken to be , and the simulation time . The spectral convergence is shown in Figure 7. We see clearly that while the amount of grid ponts is increased, the error accordingly decreases very fast as expected.
Figure 7: The spectral convergence Fourier-spectral scheme.
Second to show the fourth-order convergence of the Runge-Kutta scheme, we will decrease the time step in proportion to the grid spacing. Since the spectral discretization error decreases rapidly for sufficiently large meshes, we expect to be able to see this behavior with some difficulties since the machine presition is reached very fast due to the spectral behavior of the method.
Figure 8: Fourth-order convergence of the Runge-Kutta scheme.
In Figure 8, we have considered to be , , , , and , the time steps were taken as , , , , and , the error was meassured employing the -norm as usual. We see in Figure 8 that we almost get the fourth-order convergence , the variation in the slope might be related to the lack of presition in the last values of .
Finally, to demonstrate the spatial convergence to a numerical solution on a very fine grid, we compute a reference solution which is a ultra-fine mesh in time and space, and then we compare the solution on coarser meshes. In this analysis we have employed , and . We expect that the differences between the coarser mesh solutions is sufficiently large that the difference between the fine mesh and the exact solutions are insignificant.
Figure 9 shows in a log-linear scale the decrease in the error as increases. It is important to point out that the coefficient obtained in this regard () is less than the one specified in the project, however this analysis still confirms the spectral nature of this method.
Figure 9: Spatial convergence to a numerical solution.
We have employed in this analysis to be , , and . The spatial domain was taken to be , and the simulation time was fixed at .
Some Interesting Selected Examples.
Let us start Dynamics of a co-rotating vortex pair. We will initialize two Taylor vortices with core size , equal maximum velocity, and separated by a distance . This setting will allow the two vortex to form a single (wobbly) vortex. Figure 10 shows the evolution of this phenomenon
Figure 10: Dynamics of a co-rotating vortex pair.
In order to generate Figure 10 we have considered the domain to be , the number os sampling points , the maximum time step , and the Reynold’s number .
Next, we will check the stability of a Periodic array of vortices. In order to do this, we will initialize the domain with a doubly-periodic array of alternating sign vortices. We expect that if there are no external disturbances that break the symmetry, the vortices should be stationary and simply diffuse in time. This is in fact was is shown in Figure 11
Figure 11: Evolution of a periodic array of vortices
In order to generate Figure 11 we have considered the domain to be , the number os sampling points , the maximum time step , the Reynold’s number .
Next, we consider the Two-dimensional turbulence. We will initialize our domain with Fourier coefficients of equal magnitude – for this case we have employed the amplitud to be one – but randomly chosen phases. We also excited only the portion of wavenumbers in the range of , . Figure 12 shows the evolution of this case.
Figure 12: Evolution of a two-dimensional turbulence.
In order to generate Figure 12 we have considered the domain to be , the number os sampling points , the maximum time step was taken as , the simulation time , and the Reynold’s number .
Finally, we will study the Temporally evolving jet. In order to accomplish this task, we will create two equal and opposite mixing layers separated by a distance . We have also added some perturbations to observe the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13: Temporally evolving jet.
In order to generate Figure 13 we have considered the domain to be , the number os sampling points , the maximum time step , the Reynold’s number . We have also employed a little noise, which was added to the initial condition, as a uniform random variable of amplitude 0.01.
References
[1] Colonius, Tim. Lecture notes – Computational Fluid Dynamics California Institute of Technology, Fall 2016.
[2] Ferziger, J.H, and Peri'c, M. Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics 3rd Edition, Springer.


| Category of Spending | Aug 1, 2011 to Aug 1, 2012 | Aug 1, 2012 to Aug 1, 2013 |
| Boat Maintenance and Equipment Items -see detail for 2011 to 2012 | $ 23,345 | $ 16,656 |
| Groceries (no alcohol in this cost) | $ 8,750 | $ 8,623 |
| Boat Insurance | $ 3,522 | $ 3,180 |
| Dog Medicine and Vet bills | $ 3,060 | $ 2,063 |
| Diesel fuel for boat and gas for dinghy | $ 2,915 | $ 3,691 |
| Dining out | $ 1,975 | $ 2,363 |
| Miscellaneous home supplies | $ 1,400 | $ 1,662 |
| Clothing | $ 1,000 | $ 464 |
| School supplies for 7th and 8th grade | $ 950 | $ 20 |
| Pet food | $ 843 | $ 685 |
| Gifts to others | $ 700 | $ 378 |
| Charts and Cruising guides | $ 696 | $ 1,520 |
| Cell phone | $ 642 | $ 263 |
| Books and magazines | $ 500 | $ 146 |
| Moorings and Dock | $ 500 | $ 675 |
| Leisure activities, museums, park fees | $ 400 | $ 120 |
| Foreign Country fees | $ 320 | $ 698 |
| Rental cars, taxis and busses | $ 290 | $ 315 |
| Laundry | $ 278 | $ 92 - see notes on this year |
| Internet | $ 201 | $ 291 |
| Computer supplies | $ 200 | $ 0 |
| Toys and Games | $ 152 | $ 100 |
| Propane | $ 130 | $ 105 |
| Pump out of holding tanks (sewage) | $ 120 | $ 10 |
| Movie Rentals | $ 100 | $ 0 |
| Healthcare* - doctors and medicines (we have no health insurance)* | $ 98 | $ 533 |
| Shipping | $ 89 | $ 106 |
| Other phone and fax | $ 45 | $ 206 |
| Total for one year | $ 53,221 | $ 44,965 |
| Cost per day | $ 146 | $ 124 |
What does it cost to cruise? Inspired by other cruisers who list their costs - and this being one question everyone wants to know but is afraid to ask - we have decided to let you all know exactly what this costs.
In case you would like to check out some other cruisers who post costs - here are some:
| We had put some money prepping the boat before we left. We spent about $30,000 on the boat to get it "ready" to go. Lots of engine work, new hoses and solar panels, new pumps, charts, cruising guides, anchors, bottom paint, and miscellaneous. Remember our boat had been "stripped" by the previous owner, with not a spare line or shackle to be found. Also, virtually no maintenance had been done on it for a couple of years. We bought the boat under value - it was valued at $155,000 and we paid $139,800, so we knew we would have to put some money into it. The $30,000 also includes the cost to insure it, move it from Charleston to Connecticut, and to store it in the water, and on land for over a year. |
|
Detail for 2011
to 2012 Breakout of Boat maintenance and equipment expenditures - just so you can see what some of the big ticket items were. |
|
| New Watermaker | $ 5,159 |
| High power alternator and accesories | $ 2,400 |
| Bottom Paint and some other misc | $ 1,700 |
| Repair boom and boom vang | $ 1,100 |
| Hired engine repair | $ 1,000 |
| New props | $ 824 |
| Repair of headsail, halyard and sheaves from storm | $ 650 |
| Repair navigation instruments | $ 645 |
| Split zinc holder and spare zincs for new props | $ 469 |
| Kayak | $ 440 |
| New air conditioning pump | $ 404 |
| Instrument repair after lightning strike | $ 390 |
| Spare and replace pumps | $ 389 |
| *It should be noted that before we quit our jobs, we visited doctors and dentists and took care of any health needs before departing. | |
$
| August 1, 2011 to August 1, 2012. We sailed from Connecticut, to Rhode Island, and then down the East Coast, mostly on the ICW to Florida, then out to the Bahamas and back to Connecticut. Both dogs were with us at this time. | |
| August 1, 2012 to August 1, 2013 - We sailed from Rhode Island down the east coast to Florida, then to the Bahamas and on through the Caribbean Islands ending up in Grenada |
|
Detail for 2012
to 2013 Breakout of Boat maintenance and equipment expenditures |
|
| New gearbox for main winch and shipping | $ 1809 |
| New linear drive for autopilot and shipping | $ 1751 |
| Engine muffler, rear seals, oil filters, water pump, spares and shipping | $ 1500 |
| 250' of 5/16 chain | $ 1021 |
| New starter for engine | $ 780 |
| Haul boat and repaint bottom | $ 768 |
| New EPIRB | $ 700 |
| New camber spar and shipping | $ 665 |
| Dive tanks and hoses | $ 367 |
| * We bought a small washing machine from Walmart for $200 this year, so laundry costs are down, now that we do laundry on the boat. |
| B.O.A.T. - Break Out Another Thousand |


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When planning to visit a Nebula, it's important to remember a few key things about what actually makes them up before you head out. Nebula are comprised of gases and dusts, and while they look breath-taking from afar, especially when back-lit by stars, they would look much different in person.
In fact, they would hardly be recognizable if you were to attempt to enter them. Just a dark, cloudy area of space. And even if you took a sight-seeing tour some distance away, they would look vastly different than how we see them from earth through telescopes. It's important to remember that the images we receive here on earth are altered images of the visible spectrum of light. Through a Telescope, these areas are viewed in X-Rays, Gamma Rays, amongst others-- which the human eye cannot perceive.
It's also important when planning a trip to remember what most Nebula actually exist for. They're either back-lit by forming or newly born stars feeding on matter... or the remnants of collapsed stars and back-lit by intense levels of radiation agitating the gas. Either way, to actually hope to enter one would be most unsafe.


A professional technologist with over 20 years of experience.
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In this page, we will learn data()
function that shows prebuilt datasets in R. data()
function will show the list of all datasets in your workspace. data()
is a function within a "utils" package in "base" version of R installation so that you do not need to install any package to run this.
When you install R in your computer, the package "datasets" is included in the base installation of R. Datasets in the package "datasets" are provided openly and free. These datasets can be used when you want to verify your statistical methods. When you install some packages that include datasets, data()
function will show the datasets in the packages.
You can see the document of data()
function at the following link:
Copy and Run the sample code in your RStudio to see how data() function works.
# DO NOT RUN HERE
# Copy and Run the sample code in your RStudio.
# list all available data sets
data()
# print iris dataset
iris


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CALCULUS I
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MOMENTUM
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NEW WORKSHEETS THIS WEEK
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BODMAS RULES
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--- layout: post title: A closer look at expression closures tags: - js ---
I was recently working hacking on something in Firebug console and remembered about expression closures — a language addition, introduced in Mozilla’s JavaScript 1.8. The concise explanation on MDC captures the essence of expression closures:
And that’s exactly what I used it for — to quickly experiment with something, shortening function expressions to save on typing.
MDC also gives a simple example, showcasing a function written using expression closure:
// Regular syntax
function() { return x * x }
// Expression closure
function(x) x * x
As you can see, expression closure is essentially a more concise way to create a function. Based on MDC, expression closure allows us to drop “return” and braces denoting function body.
The information on MDC, however, was so tiny that I became curious about some of the finer details of how expression closures (EC from now on) work. Can they only be used to create function expressions? How about function declarations? What about named function expressions? Is function() ...
always identical to function(){return ...}
no matter what’s in the ...
(function body)? And what are these “simple functions” MDC is talking about?
There was no answer to any of these questions, so I decided to quickly investigate this funky language addition a bit deeper. These are some of my findings; you’ll see that certain behavior isn’t always obvious.
Letting the code speaks for itself, here’s is a list of questions followed by simple tests, attempting to answer those questions. Feel free to skip to the next section for a shorter overview of these findings.
Can EC be used to create function declarations (not just function expressions)?
Yes.
function f(x, y) x + y
typeof f; // "function"
What about named function expressions?
Works as expected.
typeof (function f(x, y) x + y); // "function"
How does EC affect function representation?
As usual, but does not include curly braces (or “return” keyword)!
String(function (x) x + x ); // "function (x) x + x;"
What about non-standard `name` property?
Works as expected.
function foo(x, y) x + y;
foo.name; // "foo"
How about immediately invoked function expression?
Works fine.
(function(x, y) x + y)(1, 2); // 3
What about immediately invoked function expression without wrapping parens?
Not so fast!
var f1 = (function(x, y) x + y)(1, 2);
var f2 = function(x, y) x + y (1, 2);
f1; // 3
f2; // function(x, y) x + y(1, 2)
As you can see, (1, 2)
following x + y
actually applies to an inner expression, so instead of calling outer function — and assigning returned value to f2
— f2
is being assigned a function that has x + y(1, 2)
as its body. Something to be aware of.
How does EC work with ES5 accessor syntax (let’s try getter first)?
Works!
var obj = ({ get foo() 1 });
obj.foo; // 1
How about setter?
Works!
var _x;
var obj = ({ set foo(x) _x = x });
obj.foo = 5;
_x; // 5
How about both?
Works as well! Well, why wouldn’t it…
var _x = 'initial value';
var obj = ({ get foo() _x, set foo(x) _x = x });
obj.foo; // 'initial value'
obj.foo = 'overwritten value';
obj.foo; // 'overwritten value'
Can we confuse parser with a comma?
Yes we can.
({ set foo(x) bar = 1, baz = 2 }); // SyntaxError
In this case, we might want bar = 1, baz = 2
as an expression inside a function, but instead, comma is parsed as part of an object intializer. Wrapping expression in parenthesis would solve this problem, of course.
({ set foo(x) (bar = 1, baz = 2) });
Are statements allowed in function body of a function created via EC?
No.
var f = function() if (true) "foo"; // Error
This is pretty understandable, considering that expression after function()
in EC is treated as an expression inside return
statement. And return
statement obviously can’t contain other statements (only expressions). Fortunately, there’s always a ternary operator to take care of cases like this:
var f = function() someCondition ? "foo" : "bar";
Can body of a function created via EC be omitted?
Nope.
function f() // Error
You would think that function f()
should be identical to function f(){ return }
, but no, empty function body is not allowed there. It’s not clear why this was made like this. Parsing complexities, perhaps?
What happens when we include more than 1 expression?
Only first one is consumed.
function f() alert("1st statement"); alert("2nd statement"); // alerts "2nd statement"
The above is parsed as function f() alert("1st statement");
followed by alert("2nd statement")
. Only first expression becomes an expression in the return statement of a function.
What about automatic semicolon insertion rules?
Same rules seem to apply.
function foo(x) x
(function() {
/* ... */
})()
foo; // function foo(x) x(function(){ /* ... */})()
A classic example of ASI — function declaration followed by newline and another expression makes for an unexpected behavior. Same rules apply here, and foo
function — even though expressed via EC — ends up having function body of x(function(){})()
(rather than just x
).
Is “{” interpreted as a block or an object literal?
As a block! Overall production essentially matches regular function syntax.
function foo(x) { top: 0, left: 0 } // SyntaxError
You would think that function() { … }
is interpreted as function(){ return { … } }
but the production rules of “regular” function syntax precede here, and function foo() { top: 0, left: 0 }
results in an error. {
and }
are essentially parsed as a function body (and top: 0, left: 0
as function body contents).
What if it’s an expression?
Same thing. Treated as regular function syntax.
(function(x, y) { left: x, top: y }) // SyntaxError
You need to be careful to wrap returning object with parenthesis, so that curly braces aren’t considered to be part of a function production. In this case — left: x, top: y
results in an error. But if returned object only contains one value, or no value at all, the silent behavior can make for an unexpected behavior down the road:
(function() { x: 1 } )(); // returns `undefined`
(function() ({ x: 1 }) )(); // Expression Closure; returns object with x=1
(function() {} )(); // returns `undefined`
(function() ({}) )(); // Expression Closure; returns object
Can we make function explicitly strict?
No.
function foo(x, y) "use strict"; 1 + 1;
typeof foo(); // "string" (not "number")
This obviously doesn’t work; “use strict” — which is a strict directive that’s supposed to make function behave as per ES5 strict mode rules — doesn’t behave in any special way. It’s simply treated as a string literal and so resulting function becomes identical to function foo(){ return “use strict”; }
(followed by a useless 1 + 1
statement).
(This file was used for testing)
Well that was fun. To summarize some of the main traits:
function idopt (argsopt) expr
is not fully identical to function idopt (argsopt) { return expr }
(depends on context)(function()x+y)()
vs. function()x+y()
To my knowledge, expression closures are currently only supported by Mozilla-based browsers. They also aren’t supported by tools like Google Closure Compiler or YUI Compressor, which certainly makes it challenging to use them in production.
It’s not clear if more implementations will join Mozilla and add support for these shortcuts. Could they be part of an experimental road to Harmony (and its shorter function syntax) — the next version of the ECMAScript language? Do you already use expression closures in your work/experiments, or perhaps planning to? And would you change anything in their behavior?


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java.lang.Object cetus.analysis.AnalysisPass cetus.analysis.IPAnalysis cetus.analysis.IPPointsToAnalysis
public class IPPointsToAnalysis
Interprocedural analysis enables computation of points-to relations through whole-program analysis provided by the common interprocedural framework in Cetus. The algorithms are based on "Context-sensitive inter-procedural points-to analysis in the presence of function pointers", PLDI'94. Although handling of function pointers and precise context-sensitivity as in the paper are not supported, the analysis provides single-depth context-sensitivity (differentiates call sites) and supports most features presented in the paper.
| Nested Class Summary | |
|---|---|
static class |
IPPointsToAnalysis.AbstractLocation
AbstractLocation represents a abstract location that is not referenced to in terms of a program variable. |
| Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class cetus.analysis.IPAnalysis |
|---|
IPAnalysis.Option |
| Field Summary |
|---|
| Fields inherited from class cetus.analysis.IPAnalysis |
|---|
callgraph, name, option, verbosity |
| Fields inherited from class cetus.analysis.AnalysisPass |
|---|
program |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
IPPointsToAnalysis(Program program)
Constructs a new interprocedural points-to analyzer. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
analyzeProcedure(IPANode node)
Invokes intraprocedural analysis. |
static void |
clearPointsToRelations()
Invalidates the analysis result. |
static Domain |
getPointsToRelations(Statement stmt)
Returns points-to relations for the given statement. |
static java.util.Set<PointsToRel> |
getReturnRelations(CallSite callsite)
Returns the set of points-to relations pointed by the return value of the specified function call. |
protected static java.util.List<Specifier> |
getTypeSpecifiers(Symbol symbol)
Returns the type specifiers after handling array parameters and discarding useless information such as EXTERN. |
static boolean |
isSafeLibraryCall(FunctionCall fcall)
Checks if the given function call is known for having no side effects on the "points-to relation" (not on memory). |
void |
start()
Starts interprocedural points-to analysis. |
boolean |
updateCall(IPANode node)
Not used. |
java.util.Set<CallSite> |
updateCalls(IPANode node)
Updates the forward information for each call site by performing mapping, and by maintaining map-info for each different single-depth context. |
boolean |
updateReturn(IPANode node)
Updates the backward information available at the exit of a procedure by performing unmapping. |
| Methods inherited from class cetus.analysis.IPAnalysis |
|---|
compute, getContext, getContexts, getPassName, isAnalyzable, removeContexts, saveData, toPrettyDomain |
| Methods inherited from class cetus.analysis.AnalysisPass |
|---|
run |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public IPPointsToAnalysis(Program program)
program
- the input program.| Method Detail |
|---|
public static Domain getPointsToRelations(Statement stmt)
stmt
- the statement before which points-to relations are computed.
public static void clearPointsToRelations()
public void start()
start
in class IPAnalysis
public void analyzeProcedure(IPANode node)
analyzeProcedure
in class IPAnalysis
node
- the procedure node to be analyzed.public static java.util.Set<PointsToRel> getReturnRelations(CallSite callsite)
callsite
- the calling site that generates the query.
null
means no information is
available (should produce universe doamin).public static boolean isSafeLibraryCall(FunctionCall fcall)
fcall
- the function call to be examined.
public java.util.Set<CallSite> updateCalls(IPANode node)
updateCalls
in class IPAnalysis
node
- the procedure node being analyzed.
public boolean updateCall(IPANode node)
updateCall
in class IPAnalysis
node
- the node that was just analyzed.
public boolean updateReturn(IPANode node)
updateReturn
in class IPAnalysis
node
- the procedure node to be analyzed.
protected static java.util.List<Specifier> getTypeSpecifiers(Symbol symbol)
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Set an absolute limit on sessions lifetime by including the :expire_after
parameter in the session_store file.
Even when using TLS there is still a risk of session hijacking and replay attacks. There are other out-of-band ways to steal session tokens. The shorter the session limit, or session expiry, the less time an attacker has to capture a session cookie and use it to access your application.
Session default behavior is to expire when the user closes the browser window or logs out. If the user does not log out, and leaves the browser window open, the session can be compromised by an attacker who keeps the session alive. Setting an absolute limit for the session is part of defense-in-depth, and helps to mitigate the amount of damage the attacker can perform.
All applications should consider the length of their sessions carefully. An application which handles any sensitive information should make session length as short as possible.
To set a default expiry time to limit session lifetime, follow these steps:
Find session code. Find all instances in the application code where sessions are created. Check authentication and re-authentication activities for session hooks. Verify that standard configuration is in use.
Include expire_after
in session configuration. Edit config/initializers/session_store.rb to include a base session lifetime setting:
YourApp::Application.config.session_store :cookie_store,
:expire_after => 30.minutes
Include expire_after
in controllers. If you need to set different expiration time in different controllers or actions, use the following code in action or some before_filter
:
request.session_options = request.session_options.dup
request.session_options[:expire_after] = 15.minutes
request.session_options.freeze


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