public abstract class AsyncTask<Params,Progress,Result>
extends java.lang.Object
AsyncTask enables proper and easy use of the UI thread. This class allows to perform background operations and publish results on the UI thread without having to manipulate threads and/or handlers.
AsyncTask is designed to be a helper class around Thread
and Handler
and does not constitute a generic threading framework. AsyncTasks should ideally be
used for short operations (a few seconds at the most.) If you need to keep threads
running for long periods of time, it is highly recommended you use the various APIs
provided by the java.util.concurrent
pacakge such as Executor
,
ThreadPoolExecutor
and FutureTask
.
An asynchronous task is defined by a computation that runs on a background thread and
whose result is published on the UI thread. An asynchronous task is defined by 3 generic
types, called Params
, Progress
and Result
,
and 4 steps, called onPreExecute
, doInBackground
,
onProgressUpdate
and onPostExecute
.
For more information about using tasks and threads, read the Processes and Threads developer guide.
AsyncTask must be subclassed to be used. The subclass will override at least
one method (doInBackground(Params...)
), and most often will override a
second one (onPostExecute(Result)
.)
Here is an example of subclassing:
private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> { protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) { int count = urls.length; long totalSize = 0; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]); publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100)); // Escape early if cancel() is called if (isCancelled()) break; } return totalSize; } protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) { setProgressPercent(progress[0]); } protected void onPostExecute(Long result) { showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes"); } }
Once created, a task is executed very simply:
new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);
The three types used by an asynchronous task are the following:
Params
, the type of the parameters sent to the task upon
execution.Progress
, the type of the progress units published during
the background computation.Result
, the type of the result of the background
computation.Not all types are always used by an asynchronous task. To mark a type as unused,
simply use the type Void
:
private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> { ... }
When an asynchronous task is executed, the task goes through 4 steps:
onPreExecute()
, invoked on the UI thread immediately after the task
is executed. This step is normally used to setup the task, for instance by
showing a progress bar in the user interface.doInBackground(Params...)
, invoked on the background thread
immediately after onPreExecute()
finishes executing. This step is used
to perform background computation that can take a long time. The parameters
of the asynchronous task are passed to this step. The result of the computation must
be returned by this step and will be passed back to the last step. This step
can also use publishProgress(Progress...)
to publish one or more units
of progress. These values are published on the UI thread, in the
onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
step.onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
, invoked on the UI thread after a
call to publishProgress(Progress...)
. The timing of the execution is
undefined. This method is used to display any form of progress in the user
interface while the background computation is still executing. For instance,
it can be used to animate a progress bar or show logs in a text field.onPostExecute(Result)
, invoked on the UI thread after the background
computation finishes. The result of the background computation is passed to
this step as a parameter.A task can be cancelled at any time by invoking cancel(boolean)
. Invoking
this method will cause subsequent calls to isCancelled()
to return true.
After invoking this method, onCancelled(Object)
, instead of
onPostExecute(Object)
will be invoked after doInBackground(Object[])
returns. To ensure that a task is cancelled as quickly as possible, you should always
check the return value of isCancelled()
periodically from
doInBackground(Object[])
, if possible (inside a loop for instance.)
There are a few threading rules that must be followed for this class to work properly:
android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN
.execute(Params...)
must be invoked on the UI thread.onPreExecute()
, onPostExecute(Result)
,
doInBackground(Params...)
, onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
manually.AsyncTask guarantees that all callback calls are synchronized in such a way that the following operations are safe without explicit synchronizations.
onPreExecute()
, and refer to them
in doInBackground(Params...)
.
doInBackground(Params...)
, and refer to them in
onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
and onPostExecute(Result)
.
When first introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single background
thread. Starting with android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#DONUT
, this was changed
to a pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting with
android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB
, tasks are executed on a single
thread to avoid common application errors caused by parallel execution.
If you truly want parallel execution, you can invoke
executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
with
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
.
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
AsyncTask.Status
Indicates the current status of the task.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static java.util.concurrent.Executor |
DUAL_THREAD_EXECUTOR |
static java.util.concurrent.Executor |
SERIAL_EXECUTOR
An
Executor that executes tasks one at a time in serial
order. |
static java.util.concurrent.Executor |
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
An
Executor that can be used to execute tasks in parallel. |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
AsyncTask()
Creates a new asynchronous task.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)
Attempts to cancel execution of this task.
|
AsyncTask<Params,Progress,Result> |
execute(Params... params)
Executes the task with the specified parameters.
|
static void |
execute(java.lang.Runnable runnable)
Convenience version of
execute(Object...) for use with
a simple Runnable object. |
AsyncTask<Params,Progress,Result> |
executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor exec,
Params... params)
Executes the task with the specified parameters.
|
Result |
get()
Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
retrieves its result.
|
Result |
get(long timeout,
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
to complete, and then retrieves its result.
|
AsyncTask.Status |
getStatus()
Returns the current status of this task.
|
static void |
init() |
boolean |
isCancelled()
Returns true if this task was cancelled before it completed
normally.
|
static void |
setDefaultExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor exec) |
public static final java.util.concurrent.Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
Executor
that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.public static final java.util.concurrent.Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR
Executor
that executes tasks one at a time in serial
order. This serialization is global to a particular process.public static final java.util.concurrent.Executor DUAL_THREAD_EXECUTOR
public AsyncTask()
public static void init()
public static void setDefaultExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor exec)
public final AsyncTask.Status getStatus()
public final boolean isCancelled()
cancel(boolean)
on the task,
the value returned by this method should be checked periodically from
doInBackground(Object[])
to end the task as soon as possible.cancel(boolean)
public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)
Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will fail if the task has already completed, already been cancelled, or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful, and this task has not started when cancel is called, this task should never run. If the task has already started, then the mayInterruptIfRunning parameter determines whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in an attempt to stop the task.
Calling this method will result in onCancelled(Object)
being
invoked on the UI thread after doInBackground(Object[])
returns. Calling this method guarantees that onPostExecute(Object)
is never invoked. After invoking this method, you should check the
value returned by isCancelled()
periodically from
doInBackground(Object[])
to finish the task as early as
possible.
mayInterruptIfRunning
- true if the thread executing this
task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed
to complete.isCancelled()
,
onCancelled(Object)
public final Result get() throws java.lang.InterruptedException, java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException
java.util.concurrent.CancellationException
- If the computation was cancelled.java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException
- If the computation threw an exception.java.lang.InterruptedException
- If the current thread was interrupted
while waiting.public final Result get(long timeout, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit) throws java.lang.InterruptedException, java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException, java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
timeout
- Time to wait before cancelling the operation.unit
- The time unit for the timeout.java.util.concurrent.CancellationException
- If the computation was cancelled.java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException
- If the computation threw an exception.java.lang.InterruptedException
- If the current thread was interrupted
while waiting.java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
- If the wait timed out.public final AsyncTask<Params,Progress,Result> execute(Params... params)
Note: this function schedules the task on a queue for a single background
thread or pool of threads depending on the platform version. When first
introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single background thread.
Starting with android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#DONUT
, this was changed
to a pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting
android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB
, tasks are back to being
executed on a single thread to avoid common application errors caused
by parallel execution. If you truly want parallel execution, you can use
the executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Params...)
version of this method
with THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
; however, see commentary there for warnings
on its use.
This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
params
- The parameters of the task.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- If getStatus()
returns either
AsyncTask.Status.RUNNING
or AsyncTask.Status.FINISHED
.executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
,
execute(Runnable)
public final AsyncTask<Params,Progress,Result> executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor exec, Params... params)
This method is typically used with THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
to
allow multiple tasks to run in parallel on a pool of threads managed by
AsyncTask, however you can also use your own Executor
for custom
behavior.
Warning: Allowing multiple tasks to run in parallel from
a thread pool is generally not what one wants, because the order
of their operation is not defined. For example, if these tasks are used
to modify any state in common (such as writing a file due to a button click),
there are no guarantees on the order of the modifications.
Without careful work it is possible in rare cases for the newer version
of the data to be over-written by an older one, leading to obscure data
loss and stability issues. Such changes are best
executed in serial; to guarantee such work is serialized regardless of
platform version you can use this function with SERIAL_EXECUTOR
.
This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
exec
- The executor to use. THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
is available as a
convenient process-wide thread pool for tasks that are loosely coupled.params
- The parameters of the task.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- If getStatus()
returns either
AsyncTask.Status.RUNNING
or AsyncTask.Status.FINISHED
.execute(Object[])
public static void execute(java.lang.Runnable runnable)
execute(Object...)
for use with
a simple Runnable object. See execute(Object[])
for more
information on the order of execution.


webdav-js
v2.0.0
A browser-based WebDAV client, written in JavaScript.
This simple WebDAV browsing/uploading client is a useful cross-browser addition to the bookmarks of anyone that has to interact with WebDAV. It supports previewing of many common filetypes (syntax highlighting for code, previews for images/videos/fonts), drag and drop file uploads and history state (for back button navigation).
Whilst this started out as a very simple bookmarklet with some basic styling (and it's still not much more than that!), I'd like to continue to improve it somewhat, adding in new features and using it as a testbed for front-end framework experience. I'd like to investigate more thorough testing using it too, ideally performing full end-to-end testing for all the features currently implemented.
To see how it looks clone the repo, run:
docker-compose up
and navigate to
http://localhost:8080/.
You're free to use this tool without restriction.


Load from pc
Load via url
Url:
Name:
Description:
Cancel
Load Item
{{errorMsg}}
Gallery:
Load image
Delete image
Delete image
Information:
Name:
Type:
Description:
Change description
Change name
Delete image


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Cash, checks, and all credit cards are accepted.
Call or text Rachel Jordan at<PHONE_NUMBER> to schedule an appointment.
Appointments are available Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Hours are flexible. No walk-ins.
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| Service | Price |
|---|---|
| Haircuts (includes shampoo, scalp massage, deep conditioning, and full style) | |
| Women | $36 |
| Men | $25 |
| Children | $18 |
| Bang Trim | $9 |
| Hair Color (includes cut and full style) | |
| Color (with cut) | $86 and up |
| Full foil with toner | $95 |
| Partial foil with toner | $76 |
| Other Salon Services | |
| Perm (with cut) | $79 and up |
| Shampoo/Style | $20 |
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| Creative Style | Consult |
| Waxing | |
| Brows | $15 |
| Lip | $10 |
| Chin | $10 |
| Face | $35 |


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This application aims at using the interest and kinda close obession of technology geeks to provide useful info to everyone in the context of buying latest gadgets.
We are very much aware of how much these geeks want to discuss, review and provide feedbacks about the technology.
Here we are tryng to provide a platform for them to provide info and others can get fair idea to buy products. And based on the users feedback about the review, the reviewers are rated.


static
drawable playground
manual draw rect callbacks
dragable rect
resizable rect
resizable rect on drawable playground
unresize
setColor
setBorderColor
onDrag
onResize


Web developer, connoisseur
of the pun and lover of puzzles. As a Web Dev I have the
privilege of being able to dedicate my time to two of my
most-loved activities, developing new neural pathways, and problem
solving. I have a theatre background that taught me the
intricacies of collaborating, risk taking, and using criticism
as a new challenge rather than a defeat. After spending time
drumming and spitting paint on canvases in the Blue Man Group,
I sought a life change and an opportunity to problem solve on
a community level. What followed next was a year spent
managing the volunteer pool of the largest volunteer
mobilizer in New England, working extensively in
Salesforce and CMS programs and growing its engagement to
levels not seen in the last decade. The deeper I got into
work with CMS tools and web work, the more frustrated I became that
I had to rely on tools that others had built for me.
Never being one to sit on the sidelines and let others do the hard
work for me, I dove head first into web development so that I
could build the tools that the web needs rather than wondering why
they haven't been built yet. With a strong background of
collaboration and creative problem solving, web development allows
me to take my skills and apply them on a more powerful scale than
I'd imagined possible. I love collaborating with like-minded
individuals who meet challenges head-on, solve problems in
creative and beautiful ways and who never stop being excited to
learn new things.
Nozama.com
Click the screenshot to see the live site
Nozama.com is an e-commerce site developed as part of group project
during my time at General Assembly. This project provided valuable
experience in pair-programming, SCRUM, and collaborative development.
My primary responsibility during creation of Nozama was building a robust
API in Node.js the could accommodate a variety of user needs.
Date: October 2018
Category: Back-end Development (Node.js)
The Hammer
Click the screenshot to see the live site
The Hammer is a tool inventory management system inspired by the need
for easy-to-use, accessible, and cost effective IMSs in the non-profit sector.
This full stack application features a Rails API hosted through Heroku and
a Javascript frontend. The Hammer rapidly evolved into a css animation playground
for me and it's where I honed my skills working with flexbox, keyframes and transitions
Date: September 2018
Category: Fullstack(Front-End Focus)
Tic Tac Toe
Click the screenshot to see the live site
The project that began it all. Tic Tac Toe was my first adventure into web developemnt.
Built with a JavaScript front end and connecting to a third party API, Tic Tac Toe, provided
my first insight into the complexity of taking a simple task for most humans and breaking
that task down into something a computer can understand and work with.
Date: August 2018
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Weather or Not
Click the screenshot to see the live site
Weather or Not is a weather app focused on answering a very simple
question: 'do I need an umbrella today or not?'. Built with a React.js frontend,
a Ruby back-end and integrating the Dark Sky API, Weather or Not
analyzes weather information and then abstracts that data away from the
user to provide them with the simplest 'yes' or 'no' response.
Date: October 2018
Category: Full-Stack (React.js/Ruby on Rails)
Project Name
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Date: January 2017
Client: Southwest
Category: Website Design
Project Name
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Loading Spinner is responsible to display a spinner on data table body while on data fetch operation, once after the success data retrieval process it will disappear and data will be displayed on the table body.
Loading spinner is very useful when on Server Side Data Binding and Real Time Data Binding operations. from enabling data loading spinner ornamentum will keep updates the end user that the data retrieval process is still going on and preventing affect to user experience negatively.
Loading spinner can be enable by binding true to showLoadingSpinner
property in global level of data
table configuration (ng-data-table).
{{demoSnippet.loadingSpinner}}
Please note to display the loading spinner it is mandatory to enabling showLoadingSpinner
property and after
enabling, you can bind a custom template into the data loading scenario if you want. for loading spinner templates please refer
Loading Spinner Template section.
As explain in the above, there is a property that affect to the behaviour of table loading spinner.
showLoadingSpinner: boolean
Show Loading Spinner is responsible to continuously display default spinner on data table body until the data fetch operation is complete.


IoTPy.core package¶
Submodules¶
IoTPy.core.agent module¶
This module contains the Agent class. The Agent and Stream classes are the building blocks of IoTPy.
The module also contains the BasicAgent class. This class has only two parameters: call_streams and next(). When a call_stream is modified, next() is called.
The Agent class, in contrast to BasicAgent, has an parameter transition() which is called when a call stream is modified. The difference between transition() and next() is that transition operates on lists whereas next() operates on streams.
-
class
IoTPy.core.agent.
Agent
(in_streams, out_streams, transition, state=None, call_streams=None, name=None)¶ Bases:
object
An agent is an automaton: a state-transition machine. An agent has only one important method: the method next() that makes the agent execute a state transition.
An agent has lists of: (1) input streams, (2) output streams and (3) call streams. Streams are described in Stream.py.
During a state transition an agent: (1) May read values from its input streams. (Note that
reading values in a stream does not change the stream.)
Append values to the tails of its output streams.
Change the agent’s own state.
When a call stream is modified the agent’s next() method is called which causes the agent to execute a state transition.
The default is that every input stream is also a call stream, i.e., the agent executes a state transition when any of its input streams is modified.
You may want the agent to execute a step when some event occurs where the event is not a change in an input stream. For example, for performance reasons, we may want an agent to execute state transitions periodically — for example, every second — rather than when an input stream is modified. In this case, the call streams will be different from the input streams because the call streams will be the streams that cause the agent to be woken up. For example, a call stream that has a value appended to it every second will cause the agent to execute a state transition every second.
- Parameters
in_streams (list of streams) – The list of the agent’s input streams. This list may be empty.
out_streams (list of streams) – The list of the agent’s output streams. This list may be empty.
call_streams (list of streams) – When a new value is added to a stream in this list a state transition is invoked. This the usual way in which state transitions occur. A state transiton for an agent ag can also be executed by calling ag.next()
state (object) – The state of the agent. The state is updated after a transition.
transition (function) – This function is called by next() which is the state-transition operation for this agent. An agent’s state transition is specified by its transition function.
name (str, optional) – name of this agent
- Variables
_in_lists (list of InList) –
Recall that Inlist has fields: [‘list’, ‘start’, ‘stop’] _in_lists[j].list refers to a slice of the most recent values of the j-th input stream of this agent. The slice into self.recent of the j-th input stream starts at _in_lists[j].start and stops at _in_lists[j].stop. This agent can read the following slice of self.recent of the j-th input stream:
_in_lists[j][ _in_lists[j].start : _in_lists[j].stop ]
of the jth input stream.
_out_lists (list) – The j-th element of _out_lists is the list of values to be appended to the j-th output stream after the state transition.
-
next
()¶ - Execute a state transition. The method has 3 parts:
set up the data structures to execute a state transition,
call the transition function to: (a) get the values to be appended to output streams, (b) get the next state, and (c) update ‘start’ indices for each input stream.
A start index for a stream indicates that this agent no longer accesses elements of this input streams with indices earlier (i.e. smaller) than ‘start’. So, as far as this agent is concerned, elements with indices earlier than start can be discarded.
update data structures after the transition.
Notes
Implementation notes: The next() method of this agent is called when any call_stream of this agent is modified. Calling the next() method happens in the following way.
Step 1. When a call_stream is modified, the agent is placed in the queue, q_agents, of the ComputeEngine of this process. See ComputeEngine.q_agents. This queue contains agents waiting to execute a next() step. Step 2. The main compute thread of this process gets agents from this queue and calls next() on them. (See create_compute_thread() in ComputeEngine).
-
halt
()¶ The agent stops operating because it is no longer woken up when streams are modified.
-
next
(stream_name=None)¶ Execute the next state transition.
This function does the following: Part 1: set up data structures for the state transition. Part 2: execute the state transition by calling self.transition Part 3: update data structures after the transition.
This method can be called by any agent and is called whenever a value is appended to any stream in call_streams
- Parameters
stream_name (str, optional) – A new value was appended to the stream with name stream_name as a result of which this agent executes a state transition. The stream_name tells this agent the name of stream that is causing this agent to be woken up and execute a state transition.
-
restart
()¶ This function can be used only after the agent has been halted by calling halt(). The restart is nondeterministic. The restarted agent may re-read parts of streams that it had read before it was halted. Also, it may skip parts of streams that it hasn’t read. This function is rarely used in most applications.
-
class
IoTPy.core.agent.
BasicAgent
(call_streams, next)¶ Bases:
IoTPy.core.agent.Agent
IoTPy.core.compute_engine module¶
-
class
IoTPy.core.compute_engine.
ComputeEngine
(process=None)¶ Bases:
object
Manages the queue of agents scheduled for execution. When an agent has new data on which to operate, the agent is placed on a queue called q_agents.
- Parameters
name (str (optional)) – The name of the process in which this ComputeEngine operates. A process name is required for executing multicore computations using multicore.py
- Variables
input_queue (multiprocessing.Queue) – Elements for input streams of this thread are put in this queue. Each element of the queue is a 2-tuple: (stream_name, data).
name_to_stream (dict) – key: stream name value: stream The values in name_to_stream are the in_streams of compute_func. name_to_stream is defined in multicore(). name_to_stream[‘s’] is the stream with name ‘s’.
q_agents (multiprocessing.Queue()) – The queue of agents scheduled for execution.
scheduled_agents (Set) – An agent is in the set if and only if it is in the queue, q_agent. This set is used to ensure that each agent appears at most once in the queue.
compute_thread (threading.Thread) – The compute engine runs in this thread.
lock (threading.Lock()) – The lock on using scheduled_agents. Ensures thread safety for scheduling and de-scheduling agents.
stopped (Boolean) – True if and only if this computation is stopped. This attribute can be set to True only in the compute_engine.
Notes
1. Implementation of functionality to get new data from sensors and other sources. Also see: IoTPy/IoTPy/multiprocessing/multicore.py.
The function create_compute_thread() creates a thread and makes self.compute_thread that thread. This thread gets a message from input_queue. A message is a 2-tuple: (stream_name, data). The thread appends data to the stream with the name stream_name. It gets the stream from the stream’s name by looking up the dict self.name_to_stream.
Incoming messages are “pickleable” provided that the data is “pickleable”. The thread calls self.step() which causes agents to execute their next() functions.
2. Implementation of execution of agents. The queue, q_agents, is the queue of agents scheduled for execution. The function self.step() executes a loop to get the next agent from the queue and call its next() function. The loop terminates when the queue becomes empty. At that point all agents are quiescent, waiting for more input.
When an agent that is executing its next() function extends a stream s, the stream puts an agent A in the queue, q_agents, if s is a call stream of A. So, self.step() continues execution until all agents are quiescent, i.e., no stream has been modified since an agent has read it.
When self.step() terminates, the compute thread attempts to get more data from input_queue. The compute thread terminates if no data is available in input_queue.
-
create_compute_thread
()¶
-
get
()¶ Waits until q_agents is non-empty, and then gets and returns the agent at the head of the queue. Updates the set, scheduled_agents, to ensure that the set contains exactly those agents in q_agents.
- Returns
a – The agent at the head of the queue of scheduled agents.
- Return type
Note
Get the agent at the head of the queue of agents waiting to be executed and discard that agent from the set of waiting-for-scheduling agents.
-
join
()¶
-
put
(a)¶ Puts the agent a into q_agents if the agent is not already in the queue.
- Parameters
a (Agent)
-
start
()¶ Starts the compute thread. Gets stream_name, data_for_stream from input_queue and appends the data to the stream with the specified name.
-
step
()¶ Continues executing the next() step of an agent in the queue of agents until the queue gets empty. Note: Update the set, scheduled_agents, to ensure that this set contains exactly the agents in the queue of agents.
IoTPy.core.helper_control module¶
-
class
IoTPy.core.helper_control.
TimeAndValue
(time, value)¶ Bases:
tuple
-
property
time
¶ Alias for field number 0
-
property
value
¶ Alias for field number 1
-
property
-
IoTPy.core.helper_control.
remove_None
(lst)¶
-
IoTPy.core.helper_control.
remove_novalue_and_open_multivalue
(l)¶ This function returns a list which is the same as the input parameter l except that (1) _no_value elements in l are deleted and (2) each _multivalue element in l is opened
i.e., for an object _multivalue(list_x) each element of list_x appears in the returned list.
- llist
A list containing arbitrary elements including, possibly _no_value and _multi_value
Same as l with every _no_value object deleted and every _multivalue object opened up.
Example
l = [0, 1, _no_value, 10, _multivalue([20, 30])] The function returns:
[0, 1, 10, 20, 30]
IoTPy.core.stream module¶
This module contains the Stream class. The Stream and Agent classes are the building blocks of PythonStreams. (Version 1.5 January, 2020. Created by: K. Mani Chandy)
-
class
IoTPy.core.stream.
Stream
(name='UnnamedStream', initial_value=[], num_in_memory=1048576, discard_None=True)¶ Bases:
object
A stream is a sequence of values. Agents can: (1) Append values to the tail of stream. (2) Read a stream. (3) Subscribe to be notified when a stream is
modified.
(See Agent.py for details of agents.)
An agent is either asleep (inactive) or awake (active). An agent sleeps until it is woken up by a notification from a stream to which the agent has subscribed.
When an agent wakes up it executes a method called next(). The agent may read and write streams while it executes this method. When execution of the method terminates, the agent goes back to sleep. The method is called “next” because waking up the agent causes it to execute its next step.
The ONLY way in which a stream can be modified is that values can be appended to its tail. The length of a stream (number of elements in its sequence) can stay the same or increase, but never decrease. If at some point, the length of a stream is k, then from that point onwards, the first k elements of the stream remain unchanged.
Any number of agents can read or subscribe to the same stream. A stream can be modified by more than one agent; however, reasoning about the correctness of an application is much simpler if a stream is modified by exactly one agent. If a stream is modified by multiple agents, then values may be appended to the tail of the stream by different agents in a nondeterministic fashion. Testing nondeterministic programs is difficult because successive runs with the same input may produce different outputs. For each stream, we recommend having exactly one agent that writes the stream.
An agent can reade, write and subscribe to the same stream. An agent may subscribe to a stream without reading the stream’s values; for example the agent may subscribe to a clock stream so that the agent is woken up whenever the clock stream has a new value.
The most recent values of a stream are stored either in a list or a NumPy array. For the NumPy array case see the class StreamArray.
- Parameters
name (str, optional) – name of the stream. The name helps with debugging. default : ‘UnnamedStream’
initial_value (list or array, optional) – The list (or array) of initial values in the stream. default : []
num_in_memory (int (positive)) – If the length of a stream is less than or equal to num_in_memory then readers can read the entire stream. If the stream length exceeds num_in_memory then readers of the stream can read the latest num_in_memory elements of the stream.
discard_None (Boolean (optional)) – default is True The default is that a stream does not contain None values. If discard_None is True then None values are discarded from the stream. If discard_None is False then the stream may contain elements that are None.
- Variables
recent (list or NumPy array.) – A list or array whose elements up to self.stop contain the most recent elements of the stream. recent is a buffer that is written and read by agents. recent[:stop] contains the most recent elements of the stream. The elements of recent[stop:] are garbage. The length of recent is: num_in_memory
stop (int) –
- index into the list recent.
0 <= stop < len(self.recent) = num_in_memory
recent[:stop] contains the stop most recent values of this stream. recent[stop:] contains arbitrary (garbage) values.
offset (int (nonnegative)) –
recent is a list or array of a given length whereas a stream can grow to an arbitrary length. offset maps a value in a stream to a value in the buffer self.recent. For a stream s:
s.recent[i] = s[i + s.offset] for i in range(s.stop)
The length of a stream s (i.e. the number of elements in it) is s.offset + s.stop.
start (dict) –
key = reader value = start index of the reader The next element of stream s that reader r will read is:
s.recent[s.start[r]]
The usual case is that a reader r starts reading a stream s when the stream is created, and reads at a rate that keeps up with the rate that the stream is written. In this case r will have read s.offset + s.start[r] elements. If r reads s at a rate that is so slow that the size of the buffer, recent, is too small, then r may miss reading some elements in which case r will have read fewer than s.recent[s.start[r]] elements.
num_elements_lost (dict) – key = reader value = int The value is the number of elements in the stream that the reader missed reading because a reader read slower than the stream was being written. If the buffer, recent, gets full before a reader has read the first elements of the buffer then these elements are over-written and the reader misses reading them.
subscribers_set (set) – the set of subscribers for this stream. Subscribers are agents that are notified when the stream is modified. When a new subscriber r is added, s.start[r] = 0.
Notes
SUBSCRIBING TO A STREAM
An agent is an object that implements a method next(). If agent x is a subscriber to a stream s then x.next() is invoked when s is modified.
The only reason for an agent x to subscribe to a stream is to be “woken up” by the call: x.next(). An agent can read or write a stream without subscribing for it.
- An agent x subscribes to a stream s by executing
s.call(x).
An agent x unsubscribes from a stream s by executing:
s.delete_caller(x)
When a stream is modified, all agents that are subscribers of the stream are put on a queue called the compute_engine queue. The compute_engine wakes up each agent in its queue in turn.
READING A STREAM
An agent can read a stream only after it registers with the stream as a reader. An agents r registers with a stream s by executing:
s.register_reader(r)
An agent r deletes its registration for reading s by executing:
s.delete_reader(r)
In most (but not all) cases, a reader r of a stream s wants to be woken up when s is modified. So, the default case is: a reader of a stream is woken up whenever the stream is modified. In some cases, however, a reader of a stream does not want to be woken up when the stream is modified, but wants to be woken up only when some other event - such as the next clock tick - occurs.
An agent that reads a stream is also a subscriber to that stream unless the agent has a call-stream. Default Case: an agent has no call-stream.
In this case the agent is woken up whenever any of its input streams is modified.
- Non Default Case: the agent has one or more call streams.
The agent is woken up only when one of its call streams is modified. If an input stream s is not a call stream then the agent is not woken up when s gets modified.
An agent r registered to read a stream s can read the stream from its next value at index s.start[r] to the end of the stream at index s.stop.
Reader r informs stream s that it will only read values with indexes greater than or equal to j in the list, recent, by executing
s.set_start(r, j)
which makes s.start[r] to be set to j.
WRITING A STREAM
When an agent is created it is passed a list of streams that it can write.
An agent adds a single element v to a stream s by executing:
s.append(v)
An agent adds the sequence of values in a list l to a stream s by executing:
s.extend(l)
The operations append and extend of streams are analogous to operations with the same names on lists.
Notes
1. Implementing the functionality of mapping an infinite stream on finite memory.
The elements of a stream are stored in the buffer self.recent which is a NumPy array or a list of fixed size num_in_memory. The most recent values of the stream are in self.recent[: self.stop].
If appending values to self.recent causes self.stop to exceed num_in_memory, then the elements in self.recent are compacted so as to retain only the most recent values, and the earlier values are discarded. This is done by the function _set_up_next_recent().
A reader r does not read elements of the stream before index self.start[r]. So, no reader reads elements of the stream before:
min_start = min(self.start.values()
So, only the elements of recent with indices between min_start and stop need to be retained in self.recent. These elements are shifted down by _set_up_next_recent().
2. Waking up agents subscribing to a stream. When a stream is modified, the stream calls wakeup_subscribers() which puts the subscribing agents into a queue in ComputeEngine. This queue is called q_agents and contains agents waiting for execution. The main compute thread of the process (see create_compute_thread() in ComputeEngine) gets agents from this queue and calls the funcion next() of each agent.
-
append
(value)¶ Append a single value to the end of the stream.
-
delete_reader
(reader)¶ Delete this reader from the set of agents that read this stream.
-
delete_subscriber
(agent)¶ Delete a subscriber for this stream. Same as delete_caller()
-
extend
(value_list)¶ Extend the stream by value_list.
- Parameters
value_list (list)
-
get_contents_after_column_value
(column_number, value)¶ Assumes that the stream consists of rows where the number of elements in each row exceeds column_number. Also assumes that values in the column with index column_number are in increasing order.
- Returns the rows in the stream for which:
row[column_number] >= value
-
get_earliest_index_in_memory
(default_for_empty_stream=- 1)¶ Returns the index of the earliest element in the stream that is in main memory. If the stream is empty then it returns the default.
-
get_elements_after_index
(index)¶ - Parameters
index (int) – index is a pointer to an element in the stream. (Example: stream has 38 elements, num_in_memory is 10, and index is 35.)
- Returns
(pointer, list)
Case 1 (if index is greater than the length of)
the stream the function returns the tuple – (length of stream, empty list)
Case 2 (index is less than or equal to the stream length.)
The function returns the tuple (p, l) where p
is a pointer into the buffer, recent, and l is stream[p (].)
In the example where a stream s has 38 elements and
index is 35, l is s[35 (39].)
If this section of the stream is stored in recent[3 (7] then)
p is 3.
-
get_index_for_column_value
(column_number, value)¶ Similar to get_contents_after_column_value except that the value returned is an index into recent rather than the sequence of rows.
-
get_last_n
(n)¶ - Parameters
n (positive integer)
- Returns
The list of the last n elements of the stream. If the
number of elements in the stream is less than n, then
it returns all the elements in the stream.
-
get_latest
(default_for_empty_stream=0)¶ Returns the latest element in the stream. The latest element is the most recent element put in the stream. If the stream is empty then it returns the default.
-
get_latest_index
(default_for_empty_stream=- 1)¶ Returns the index of the latest element in the stream. The latest element is the most recent element put in the stream. If the stream is empty then it returns the default.
-
get_latest_n
(n)¶ Same as get_last_n()
-
is_empty
()¶ True if and only if this stream is empty, i.e., self.len == 0
-
len
()¶ Number of elements in the stream.
-
operator_overload
(another_stream, func)¶
-
print_recent
()¶
-
register_reader
(new_reader, start_index=0)¶ A newly registered reader starts reading the stream from the point start_index. If reader has already been registered with this stream its start value is updated to start_index.
-
register_subscriber
(agent)¶ Register a subscriber for this stream. Same as call()
-
scheduler
= <IoTPy.core.compute_engine.ComputeEngine object>¶
-
set_name
(name)¶
-
set_start
(reader, starting_value)¶ The reader tells the stream that it is only accessing elements of the list, recent, with index start or higher.
-
wakeup_subscribers
()¶
-
class
IoTPy.core.stream.
StreamArray
(name='NoName', dimension=0, dtype=<class 'float'>, initial_value=None, num_in_memory=1048576)¶ Bases:
IoTPy.core.stream.Stream
-
append
(value)¶ - Parameters
value (numpy array) – The value appended to the StreamArray
Notes
See self._create_recent() for a description of the elements of the stream. This function extends the stream by a single element, i.e, value.
-
extend
(output_array)¶ See extend() for the class Stream. Extend the stream by an numpy array.
- Parameters
output_array (np.array)
Notes
See self._create_recent() for a description of the elements of the stream.
-
get_contents_after_time
(start_time)¶
-
length
()¶
-
operator_overload
(another_stream, func)¶
-
-
IoTPy.core.stream.
run
()¶
IoTPy.core.system_parameters module¶
SYSTEM_PARAMETERS


Interface FacebookClient
- All Known Implementing Classes:
DefaultFacebookClient
public interface FacebookClient
If you'd like to...
- Fetch an object: use
fetchObject(String, Class, Parameter...)
orfetchObjects(List, Class, Parameter...)
- Fetch a connection: use
fetchConnection(String, Class, Parameter...)
- Execute operations in batch: use
executeBatch(BatchRequest...)
orexecuteBatch(List, List)
- Publish data: use
publish(String, Class, Parameter...)
orpublish(String, Class, BinaryAttachment, Parameter...)
- Delete an object: use
deleteObject(String, Parameter...)
You may also perform some common access token operations. If you'd like to...
- Extend the life of an access token: use
obtainExtendedAccessToken(String, String, String)
- Obtain an access token for use on behalf of an application instead of a user, use
obtainAppAccessToken(String, String)
. - Convert old-style session keys to OAuth access tokens: use
convertSessionKeysToAccessTokens(String, String, String...)
- Verify and extract data from a signed request: use
parseSignedRequest(String, String, Class)
- Author:
- Mark Allen, Scott Hernandez, Mattia Tommasone, Chris Petersen, Josef Gierbl, Broc Seib
-
Nested Class Summary
Nested Classes Modifier and Type Interface Description static class
FacebookClient.AccessToken
Represents an access token/expiration date pair.static class
FacebookClient.DebugTokenError
static class
FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo
Represents the result of adebugToken(String)
inquiry. -
Method Summary
Modifier and Type Method Description List<FacebookClient.AccessToken>
convertSessionKeysToAccessTokens(String appId, String secretKey, String... sessionKeys)
Converts an arbitrary number ofsessionKeys
to OAuth access tokens.FacebookClient
createClientWithAccessToken(String accessToken)
creates a newFacebookClient
from a old one.FacebookClient.DebugTokenInfo
debugToken(String inputToken)
When working with access tokens, you may need to check what information is associated with them, such as its user or expiry.boolean
deleteObject(String object, Parameter... parameters)
Performs a Graph API delete operation on the givenobject
.List<BatchResponse>
executeBatch(BatchRequest... batchRequests)
Executes operations as a batch using the Batch API.List<BatchResponse>
executeBatch(List<BatchRequest> batchRequests)
Executes operations as a batch using the Batch API.List<BatchResponse>
executeBatch(List<BatchRequest> batchRequests, List<BinaryAttachment> binaryAttachments)
Executes operations as a batch with binary attachments using the Batch API.<T> Connection<T>
fetchConnection(String connection, Class<T> connectionType, Parameter... parameters)
Fetches a Graph APIConnection
type, mapping the result to an instance ofconnectionType
.<T> Connection<T>
fetchConnectionPage(String connectionPageUrl, Class<T> connectionType)
Fetches a previous/next page of a Graph APIConnection
type, mapping the result to an instance ofconnectionType
.DeviceCode
fetchDeviceCode(ScopeBuilder scope)
Method to initialize the device access token generation.<T> T
fetchObject(String object, Class<T> objectType, Parameter... parameters)
Fetches a single Graph API object, mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.<T> T
fetchObjects(List<String> ids, Class<T> objectType, Parameter... parameters)
Fetches multiple Graph API objects in a single call, mapping the results to an instance ofobjectType
.JsonMapper
getJsonMapper()
Gets theJsonMapper
used to convert Facebook JSON to Java objects.String
getLoginDialogUrl(String appId, String redirectUri, ScopeBuilder scope, Parameter... additionalParameters)
generates the login dialog urlString
getLogoutUrl(String next)
generates an logout urlWebRequestor
getWebRequestor()
Gets theWebRequestor
used to talk to the Facebook API endpoints.FacebookClient.AccessToken
obtainAppAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret)
Obtains an access token which can be used to perform Graph API operations on behalf of an application instead of a user.String
obtainAppSecretProof(String accessToken, String appSecret)
Generates anappsecret_proof
value.FacebookClient.AccessToken
obtainDeviceAccessToken(String code)
Method to poll Facebook and fetch the Device Access Token.FacebookClient.AccessToken
obtainExtendedAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret)
Convenience method which invokesobtainExtendedAccessToken(String, String, String)
with the current access token.FacebookClient.AccessToken
obtainExtendedAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String accessToken)
Obtains an extended access token for the given existing, non-expired, short-lived access_token.FacebookClient.AccessToken
obtainUserAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String redirectUri, String verificationCode)
Obtains an access token which can be used to perform Graph API operations on behalf of a user.<T> T
parseSignedRequest(String signedRequest, String appSecret, Class<T> objectType)
Parses a signed request and verifies it against your App Secret.<T> T
publish(String connection, Class<T> objectType, BinaryAttachment binaryAttachment, Parameter... parameters)
Performs a Graph API publish operation on the givenconnection
and includes a file - a photo, for example - in the publish request, and mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.<T> T
publish(String connection, Class<T> objectType, Parameter... parameters)
Performs a Graph API publish operation on the givenconnection
, mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.<T> T
publish(String connection, Class<T> objectType, List<BinaryAttachment> binaryAttachments, Parameter... parameters)
Performs a Graph API publish operation on the givenconnection
and includes some files - photos, for example - in the publish request, and mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.
-
Method Details
-
fetchObject
Fetches a single Graph API object, mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.- Type Parameters:
T
- Java type to map to.- Parameters:
object
- ID of the object to fetch, e.g."me"
.objectType
- Object type token.parameters
- URL parameters to include in the API call (optional).- Returns:
- An instance of type
objectType
which contains the requested object's data. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while performing the API call.
-
createClientWithAccessToken
creates a newFacebookClient
from a old one. App secret and and api version are taken from the original client.- Parameters:
accessToken
- this accesstoken is used for the new client- Returns:
- a new Facebookclient
-
fetchObjects
Fetches multiple Graph API objects in a single call, mapping the results to an instance ofobjectType
.You'll need to write your own container type (
objectType
) to hold the results. See http://restfb.com for an example of how to do this.- Type Parameters:
T
- Java type to map to.- Parameters:
ids
- IDs of the objects to fetch, e.g."me", "arjun"
.objectType
- Object type token.parameters
- URL parameters to include in the API call (optional).- Returns:
- An instance of type
objectType
which contains the requested objects' data. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while performing the API call.
-
fetchConnection
<T> Connection<T> fetchConnection(String connection, Class<T> connectionType, Parameter... parameters)Fetches a Graph APIConnection
type, mapping the result to an instance ofconnectionType
.- Type Parameters:
T
- Java type to map to.- Parameters:
connection
- The name of the connection, e.g."me/feed"
.connectionType
- Connection type token.parameters
- URL parameters to include in the API call (optional).- Returns:
- An instance of type
connectionType
which contains the requested Connection's data. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while performing the API call.
-
fetchConnectionPage
Fetches a previous/next page of a Graph APIConnection
type, mapping the result to an instance ofconnectionType
.- Type Parameters:
T
- Java type to map to.- Parameters:
connectionPageUrl
- The URL of the connection page to fetch, usually retrieved viaConnection.getPreviousPageUrl()
orConnection.getNextPageUrl()
.connectionType
- Connection type token.- Returns:
- An instance of type
connectionType
which contains the requested Connection's data. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while performing the API call.
-
executeBatch
Executes operations as a batch using the Batch API.- Parameters:
batchRequests
- The operations to execute.- Returns:
- The execution results in the order in which the requests were specified.
-
executeBatch
Executes operations as a batch using the Batch API.- Parameters:
batchRequests
- The operations to execute.- Returns:
- The execution results in the order in which the requests were specified.
-
executeBatch
List<BatchResponse> executeBatch(List<BatchRequest> batchRequests, List<BinaryAttachment> binaryAttachments)Executes operations as a batch with binary attachments using the Batch API.- Parameters:
batchRequests
- The operations to execute.binaryAttachments
- Binary attachments referenced by the batch requests.- Returns:
- The execution results in the order in which the requests were specified.
- Since:
- 1.6.5
-
publish
Performs a Graph API publish operation on the givenconnection
, mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.- Type Parameters:
T
- Java type to map to.- Parameters:
connection
- The Connection to publish to.objectType
- Object type token.parameters
- URL parameters to include in the API call.- Returns:
- An instance of type
objectType
which contains the Facebook response to your publish request. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while performing the API call.
-
publish
<T> T publish(String connection, Class<T> objectType, List<BinaryAttachment> binaryAttachments, Parameter... parameters)Performs a Graph API publish operation on the givenconnection
and includes some files - photos, for example - in the publish request, and mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.- Type Parameters:
T
- Java type to map to.- Parameters:
connection
- The Connection to publish to.objectType
- Object type token.binaryAttachments
- The files to include in the publish request.parameters
- URL parameters to include in the API call.- Returns:
- An instance of type
objectType
which contains the Facebook response to your publish request. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while performing the API call.
-
publish
<T> T publish(String connection, Class<T> objectType, BinaryAttachment binaryAttachment, Parameter... parameters)Performs a Graph API publish operation on the givenconnection
and includes a file - a photo, for example - in the publish request, and mapping the result to an instance ofobjectType
.- Type Parameters:
T
- Java type to map to.- Parameters:
connection
- The Connection to publish to.objectType
- Object type token.binaryAttachment
- The file to include in the publish request.parameters
- URL parameters to include in the API call.- Returns:
- An instance of type
objectType
which contains the Facebook response to your publish request. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while performing the API call.
-
deleteObject
Performs a Graph API delete operation on the givenobject
.- Parameters:
object
- The ID of the object to delete.parameters
- URL parameters to include in the API call.- Returns:
true
if Facebook indicated that the object was successfully deleted,false
otherwise.- Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurred while attempting to delete the object.
-
convertSessionKeysToAccessTokens
List<FacebookClient.AccessToken> convertSessionKeysToAccessTokens(String appId, String secretKey, String... sessionKeys)Converts an arbitrary number ofsessionKeys
to OAuth access tokens.See the Facebook Platform Upgrade Guide for details on how this process works and why you should convert your application's session keys if you haven't already.
- Parameters:
appId
- A Facebook application ID.secretKey
- A Facebook application secret key.sessionKeys
- The Old REST API session keys to be converted to OAuth access tokens.- Returns:
- A list of access tokens ordered to correspond to the
sessionKeys
argument list. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while attempting to convert the session keys to API keys.- Since:
- 1.6
-
obtainUserAccessToken
FacebookClient.AccessToken obtainUserAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String redirectUri, String verificationCode)Obtains an access token which can be used to perform Graph API operations on behalf of a user.See Access Tokens.
- Parameters:
appId
- The ID of the app for which you'd like to obtain an access token.appSecret
- The secret for the app for which you'd like to obtain an access token.redirectUri
- The redirect URI which was used to obtain theverificationCode
.verificationCode
- The verification code in the Graph API callback to the redirect URI.- Returns:
- The access token for the user identified by
appId
,appSecret
,redirectUri
andverificationCode
. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while attempting to obtain an access token.- Since:
- 1.8.0
-
obtainAppAccessToken
Obtains an access token which can be used to perform Graph API operations on behalf of an application instead of a user.- Parameters:
appId
- The ID of the app for which you'd like to obtain an access token.appSecret
- The secret for the app for which you'd like to obtain an access token.- Returns:
- The access token for the application identified by
appId
andappSecret
. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while attempting to obtain an access token.- Since:
- 1.6.10
-
obtainExtendedAccessToken
FacebookClient.AccessToken obtainExtendedAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String accessToken)Obtains an extended access token for the given existing, non-expired, short-lived access_token.- Parameters:
appId
- The ID of the app for which you'd like to obtain an extended access token.appSecret
- The secret for the app for which you'd like to obtain an extended access token.accessToken
- The non-expired, short-lived access token to extend.- Returns:
- An extended access token for the given
accessToken
. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while attempting to obtain an extended access token.- Since:
- 1.6.10
-
obtainAppSecretProof
Generates anappsecret_proof
value.See Facebook's 'securing requests' documentation for more info.
- Parameters:
accessToken
- The access token required to generate theappsecret_proof
value.appSecret
- The secret for the app for which you'd like to generate theappsecret_proof
value.- Returns:
- A hex-encoded SHA256 hash as a
String
. - Throws:
IllegalStateException
- If creating theappsecret_proof
fails.- Since:
- 1.6.13
-
obtainExtendedAccessToken
Convenience method which invokesobtainExtendedAccessToken(String, String, String)
with the current access token.- Parameters:
appId
- The ID of the app for which you'd like to obtain an extended access token.appSecret
- The secret for the app for which you'd like to obtain an extended access token.- Returns:
- An extended access token for the given
accessToken
. - Throws:
FacebookException
- If an error occurs while attempting to obtain an extended access token.IllegalStateException
- If this instance was not constructed with an access token.- Since:
- 1.6.10
-
parseSignedRequest
Parses a signed request and verifies it against your App Secret.- Type Parameters:
T
- class of objectType- Parameters:
signedRequest
- The signed request to parse.appSecret
- The secret for the app that can read this signed request.objectType
- Object type token.- Returns:
- An instance of type
objectType
which contains the decoded object embedded withinsignedRequest
. - Throws:
FacebookSignedRequestParsingException
- If an error occurs while trying to processsignedRequest
.FacebookSignedRequestVerificationException
- IfsignedRequest
fails verification againstappSecret
.- Since:
- 1.6.13
-
fetchDeviceCode
Method to initialize the device access token generation. You receive aDeviceCode
instance and have to show the user theDeviceCode.getVerificationUri()
and theDeviceCode.getUserCode()
. The user have to enter the user code at the verification url. Save theDeviceCode.getCode()
to use it later, when polling Facebook with theobtainDeviceAccessToken(java.lang.String)
method.- Parameters:
scope
- List of Permissions to request from the person using your app.- Returns:
- Instance of
DeviceCode
including the information to obtain the Device access token
-
obtainDeviceAccessToken
FacebookClient.AccessToken obtainDeviceAccessToken(String code) throws FacebookDeviceTokenCodeExpiredException, FacebookDeviceTokenPendingException, FacebookDeviceTokenDeclinedException, FacebookDeviceTokenSlowdownExceptionMethod to poll Facebook and fetch the Device Access Token. You have to use this method to check if the user confirms the authorization.FacebookOAuthException
can be thrown if the authorization is declined or still pending.- Parameters:
code
- The device- Returns:
- An extended access token for the given
FacebookClient.AccessToken
. - Throws:
FacebookDeviceTokenCodeExpiredException
- theDeviceCode.getCode()
is expired, please fetch a newDeviceCode
.FacebookDeviceTokenPendingException
- the user has not finished the authorisation process, yet. Please poll again later.FacebookDeviceTokenDeclinedException
- the user declined the authorisation. You have to handle this problem.FacebookDeviceTokenSlowdownException
- you tried too often to fetch the device access token. You have to use a larger interval- Since:
- 1.12.0
-
debugToken
When working with access tokens, you may need to check what information is associated with them, such as its user or expiry. To get this information you can use the debug tool in the developer site, or you can use this function.
You must instantiate your FacebookClient using your App Access Token, or a valid User Access Token from a developer of the app.
Note that if your app is set to Native/Desktop in the Advanced settings of your App Dashboard, the underlying GraphAPI endpoint will not work with your app token unless you change the "App Secret in Client" setting to NO. If you do not see this setting, make sure your "App Type" is set to Native/Desktop and then press the save button at the bottom of the page. This will not affect apps set to Web.
The response of the API call is a JSON array containing data and a map of fields. For example:
{ "data": { "app_id":<PHONE_NUMBER>80948, "application": "Social Cafe", "expires_at":<PHONE_NUMBER>, "is_valid": true, "issued_at":<PHONE_NUMBER>, "metadata": { "sso": "iphone-safari" }, "scopes": [ "email", "publish_actions" ], "user_id": 1207059 } }
Note that the
issued_at
field is not returned for short-lived access tokens.- Parameters:
inputToken
- The Access Token to debug.- Returns:
- A JsonObject containing the debug information for the accessToken.
- Since:
- 1.6.13
-
getJsonMapper
Gets theJsonMapper
used to convert Facebook JSON to Java objects.- Returns:
- The
JsonMapper
used to convert Facebook JSON to Java objects. - Since:
- 1.6.7
-
getWebRequestor
Gets theWebRequestor
used to talk to the Facebook API endpoints.- Returns:
- The
WebRequestor
used to talk to the Facebook API endpoints. - Since:
- 1.6.7
-
getLogoutUrl
generates an logout url- Parameters:
next
- may be null, url the webpage should redirect after logout- Returns:
- the logout url
- Since:
- 1.9.0
-
getLoginDialogUrl
String getLoginDialogUrl(String appId, String redirectUri, ScopeBuilder scope, Parameter... additionalParameters)generates the login dialog url- Parameters:
appId
- The ID of your app, found in your app's dashboard.redirectUri
- The URL that you want to redirect the person logging in back to. This URL will capture the response from the Login Dialog. If you are using this in a webview within a desktop app, this must be set tohttps://www.facebook.com/connect/login_success.html
.scope
- List of Permissions to request from the person using your app.additionalParameters
- List of additional parameters- Returns:
- the login dialog url
- Since:
- 1.9.0
-


Average calorie needs per day by age, sex and moderate physical activity level
Macronutrients
| Macronutrient | Recommended Intake per day |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | 225 - 325 grams |
| Total Fiber | 25 grams |
| Protein | 45 grams |
| Fat | 44 - 78 grams |
| Saturated fatty acids | As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. |
| Trans fatty acids | As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. |
| α-Linolenic Acid | 1.1 grams |
| Linoleic Acid | 12 grams |
| Dietary Cholesterol | As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. |
| Total Water | 2.7 Liters (about 11 cups) |
Vitamins
| Vitamin | Recommended Intake per day | Tolerable UL Intake per day |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 700 mcg | 3,000 mcg |
| Vitamin C | 75 mg | 2,000 mg |
| Vitamin D | 15 mcg | 100 mcg |
| Vitamin B6 | 1.3 mg | 100 mg |
| Vitamin E | 15 mg | 1,000 mg |
| Vitamin K | 90 mcg | ND |
| Thiamin | 1.1 mg | ND |
| Vitamin B12 | 2.4 mcg | ND |
| Riboflavin | 1.1 mg | ND |
| Folate | 400 mcg | 1,000 mcg |
| Niacin | 14 mg | 20 mg |
| Choline | 0.425 g | 3.5 g |
| Pantothenic Acid | 5 mg | ND |
| Biotin | 30 mcg | ND |
| Carotenoids | NA | ND |


This shows how to load textures and map them to objects.
Note: due to browser security constraints, this might not work if you view it from a file:// URL.
file://


4.6 Authorization Testing
Authorization is the concept of allowing access to resources only to those permitted to use them. Testing for Authorization means understanding how the authorization process works, and using that information to circumvent the authorization mechanism.
Authorization is a process that comes after a successful authentication, so the tester will verify this point after he holds valid credentials, associated with a well-defined set of roles and privileges. During this kind of assessment, it should be verified if it is possible to bypass the authorization schema, find a path traversal vulnerability, or find ways to escalate the privileges assigned to the tester.
(OTG-AUTHZ-001) Directory Traversal/File Inclusion
(OTG-AUTHZ-002) Bypassing Authorization Schema
(OTG-AUTHZ-003) Privilege Escalation
(OTG-AUTHZ-004) Insecure Direct Object References


Department of Justice declines to comment on reports of migrants going missing
Some of the 16 Kurdish migrants found on a ferry in Rosslare on Thursday have reportedly left a reception centre.
by Orla DwyerTHE DEPARTMENT OF Justice has said it cannot comment on reports that Kurdish migrants who were discovered on a ferry in Rosslare on Thursday have left the reception centre to which they were sent.
Several newspapers reported today that up to 11 of the 16 migrants had left the centre in Dublin.
The department said it is not compulsory for asylum seekers to accept accommodation offered by the State.
“The Department of Justice does not comment on individual cases, and has a legal obligation to protect the identity and privacy of any person or persons who make a claim for international protection,” a spokesperson said in a statement.
“The system of Direct Provision is in place to offer food, shelter and ancillary services to persons seeking international protection.
“It is not compulsory, and persons who arrive seeking asylum are offered accommodation by the State while their cases are being considered, but are not obliged to take up the offer.”
Fifteen adults males and one minor were found in a lorry on a Stena Line ferry going to Rosslare from Cherbourg in France last Thursday.
The boat left France on Wednesday night and arrived in Rosslare at 3pm on Thursday, when the 16 people were found during a routine inspection.
The Sunday World reported that 11 migrants had left the reception centre within hours of arriving, and that gardaí were contacted.
The Sunday Times reported that nine men were believed to be en route to the UK after leaving the centre, while the Irish Mail on Sunday said six had left the centre.
The men were said to be in good health by Superintendent James Doyle after they were found and were due to be processed under Irish immigration law.
Several newspaper reports said the men may be heading towards the UK.


Password Reset
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kieker.model.analysismodel.execution
Interfaces
AggregatedInvocation
AggregatedStorageAccess
ExecutionFactory
ExecutionModel
ExecutionPackage
ExecutionPackage.Literals
Tuple
Enums
EDirection


Me, Myself, and I.
This is a test page about my interests :)
My Hobbies:
Photography
Robotics
Gaming
Music
My Ordered Hobbies:
Photography
Robotics
Gaming
Music
Reading & Writing
Creative Writing
Novels
My Tabled Hobbies:
Section A
Section B
Section C
Photography
Robotics
Writing
Insta
Music
Reading


G# Templates
There are a number of different templates that can be used when creating classes.
· G#Template Standard template for creating classes. Base or sub class. Recommended.
· G#Interface Standard template for creating an interface.
· G#StaticTemplate Template when creating a static class with only static member. Can not be inherited.
· LvNative LabVIEW native class. Not reference based.
· G#InterfaceImplementation Template used when implementing an interface.
· G#BaseTemplateG3 Template used for creating a base class compatible with Endevo GOOP3. Used when converting classes from GOOP3 to G#. Not recommended when creating new classes.
· G#SubTemplateG3 Template used for creating a sub class compatible with Endevo GOOP3. Used when converting classes from GOOP3 to G#. Not recommended when creating new classes.
All templates are located in:
<LabVIEW>/vi.lib/addons/_AddQ/G#Templates
G# Classes File Structure
All G# classes have the same structure as shown below. A G# class is located in a folder called <ClassName>_class. With the following structure.
· <top> - lvclass-file and public methods
· protected protected methods and attribute definitions type def controls
· private private methods of the class
· properties properties methods of the class. If using LabVIEW 2010 these will contain the new property definition folder.
· utils G# implementation support VIs and controls. The GetAttributes and GetClassAttributes VIs for accessing the attributes are located here.
Property Definition
The property definition folder will be used to contain the properties. In the code, you can use LabVIEW property nodes on the class reference to access the attributes through property definition methods.
G# Wire Appearance
The G# uses two kinds of wire appearance.
G#Object all G# object references get this wire appearance, a solid green line.
G#Interface all G# Interface references get this wire appearance.


This class allows you to control phone calls in real-time. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| RealTimeResponse | Dialout (string cdrField, string cli, string ringtone, List< Target > targets, string whisper) |
| This method makes another call, and bridges the call on answer. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | Hangup () |
| This method hangs up the call. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | Play (string mediaId) |
| This method plays a Media.Library or say something with the Text-to-Speech. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | PlayRecord (string mediaFile) |
| This method plays a recording recorded with the Record command. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | Read (int attempts, int maxDigits, string mediaId, int timeoutMs) |
| This method plays a Media and wait for a DTMF input at the same time. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | Record (int maxDuration, int silence) |
| This method records the user. The recording can be stopped by pressing the hash key '#', when silence is detected, or when maximum recording duration is reached. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | SendDtmf (string digits, int durationMs, int timeoutMs) |
| This method sends DTMF digits. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | Wait (int wait) |
| This method waits for a few seconds. More... | |
| RealTimeResponse | WaitForSilence (int iterations, int silenceMs, int timeout) |
| This method waits until silence is detected, or timeout is reached. More... | |
This class allows you to control phone calls in real-time.
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.Dialout | ( | string | cdrField, |
| string | cli, | ||
| string | ringtone, | ||
| List< Target > | targets, | ||
| string | whisper | ||
| ) |
This method makes another call, and bridges the call on answer.
| cdrField | Value written in the CDR. |
| cli | Outbound Caller ID. |
| ringtone | Plays music or classic ringtone (possible values are defined in ThecallrApi.Enums.RealTimeRingtones class). |
| targets | Phone numbers called sequentially until one answers. |
| whisper | Callee whispering Media. |
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.Hangup | ( | ) |
This method hangs up the call.
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.Play | ( | string | mediaId | ) |
This method plays a Media.Library or say something with the Text-to-Speech.
| mediaId | Media ID or Text to say. |
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.PlayRecord | ( | string | mediaFile | ) |
This method plays a recording recorded with the Record command.
| mediaFile | Temporary file name. |
/>
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.Read | ( | int | attempts, |
| int | maxDigits, | ||
| string | mediaId, | ||
| int | timeoutMs | ||
| ) |
This method plays a Media and wait for a DTMF input at the same time.
| attempts | Maximum attempts. min:1 max:10. |
| maxDigits | Maximum digits. min:1 max:20. |
| mediaId | Prompt message. |
| timeoutMs | Input timeout in milliseconds. min:100 max:30000. |
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.Record | ( | int | maxDuration, |
| int | silence | ||
| ) |
This method records the user. The recording can be stopped by pressing the hash key '#', when silence is detected, or when maximum recording duration is reached.
| maxDuration | (seconds) Maximum recording duration. Min:0 (disabled), Max:300. |
| silence | (seconds) Stop recording on silence. Min:0 (disabled), Max:20. |
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.SendDtmf | ( | string | digits, |
| int | durationMs, | ||
| int | timeoutMs | ||
| ) |
This method sends DTMF digits.
| digits | Digits to send (0-9, , #). Example : "123#". |
| durationMs | (milliseconds) Duration of each digit. Min: 1, Max: 5000. |
| timeoutMs | (milliseconds) Amount of time between tones. Min: 0, Max: 10000. |
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.Wait | ( | int | wait | ) |
This method waits for a few seconds.
| wait | (seconds) Time to wait. Min:1, Max: 30. |
| RealTimeResponse ThecallrApi.Services.Server.RealTimeService.WaitForSilence | ( | int | iterations, |
| int | silenceMs, | ||
| int | timeout | ||
| ) |
This method waits until silence is detected, or timeout is reached.
| iterations | Number of times to try. Min:1, Max:10. |
| silenceMs | (milliseconds) Minimum silence duration. Min:1, Max:5000. |
| timeout | (seconds) Global timeout if silence is not detected. Min:0 (disabled), Max:300. |


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/lt_of_le_of_ne.7B.2C'.7D.html ---
Is there any reason for this?
#print lt_of_le_of_ne -- theorem lt_of_le_of_ne : ∀ {α : Type u} [_inst_1 : partial_order α] {a b : α}, -- a ≤ b → a ≠ b → a < b := _ #print lt_of_le_of_ne' -- theorem lt_of_le_of_ne' : ∀ {α : Type u} [_inst_1 : partial_order α] {a b : α}, -- a ≤ b → a ≠ b → a < b := _
the proof is different, probably
IIRC one uses an axiom
and Kenny wasn't happy
Not all proofs are equal after all!
aha
#print axioms lt_of_le_of_ne -- classical.choice -- quot.sound -- propext #print axioms lt_of_le_of_ne' -- no axioms
Aaahrg... I see.
Ok, I'll be nice, and use the '
version.
if you don't care, probably don't bother
It would be nice if there was a comment explaining this reason in the source (@Kenny Lau, you are missing chances to spread the word)
one day the tick will go away and that's one less thing to fix in your proof
an axiomall the axioms
what is the format of the title of this thread? It doesn't look like regex
It's a bashism
mv file.{txt,tex}
will do mv file.txt file.tex
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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amprate(1) Qualcomm Atheros Open Powerline Toolkit amprate(1) NAME amprate - Qualcomm Atheros AR7x00 PHY Rate Monitor SYNOPSIS amprate [options] [device] [device] [...] DESCRIPTION The Atheros PHY Rate Utility polls one or more devices and prints the average transmit and receive PHY rates between a device and each neighboring network device. Output is column-oriented and suitable for loading into a spreadsheet or being read by a simple program. This program is part of the Qualcomm Atheros Powerline Toolkit. See the plc man page for an overview and installation instructions. COMMENTS This program version is identical to legacy program int6k, except for options -t and -T which use version 1 of the Qual‐ comm Atheros VS_NW_INFO vendor-specific message. Older firmware versions may not recognize this message version. OPTIONS -c Display coded PHY rates. Coded PHY rates are displayed by default so this option is redundant but it has been kept for backword compatibility. This option and option -u are mutually exclusive. -d seconds Traffic duration in seconds per connection. Directional traffic is systematically sent between each pair of pow‐ erline network devices for this period of time. Consequently, the total time needed to generate traffic between all network devices will be approximately n! times this value, so don’’t get carried away. The minimum value is 1 second and the maximum value is 60 seconds. -e Redirects stderr messages to stdout. By convention status and error messages are printed on stderr while primary program output is printed on stdout. This option prints all output on stdout in cases where this is desired. -i interface Select the host Ethernet interface. All requests are sent via this host interface and only reponses received via this host interface are recognized. The default interface is eth1 because most people use eth0 as their principle network connection; however, if environment string "PLC" is defined then it takes precedence over the default interface. This option then takes precedence over either default. -n Reads the average transmit and receive PHY rate for wach device using VS_NW_INFO and prints it on stdout. Each output line displays the ethernet interface, source address, destination address and either the transmit or receive PHY rate. -o milliseconds Read timeout in milliseconds. Values range from 0 through UINT_MAX. This is the maximum time allowed for a response. The default is shown in brackets on the program menu. -r Reads device hardware and software revision information using VS_SW_VER and prints it on stdout. -R Resets the device using VS_RS_DEV. -t Generate powerline traffic between the local device and each remote device on each powerline network connected to the host. It does not generate any traffic between remote powerline device pairs. This option is especially use‐ ful when remote powerline devices are not connected to Ethernet devices capable of sending traffic back to the host. -T Generate powerline traffic between all devices on each powerline network connected to the host. This option is similar to option -t but it takes much longer because traffic is systematically generated between each pair of powerline devices. Consequently, the time to complete will increase factorially as the number of network devices increases. Such complete traffic path coverage is not always needed. -u Display un-coded PHY rates. Coded PHY rates are displayed by default. This option and option -c are mutually exclusive. -q Enter quiet mode. Progress messages are suppressed. -v Enter verbose mode. All Etherenet frames sent or received by the program are displayed on stdout. -x Exit program on first error with a non-zero exit code. This option allows shell scripts to detect failed or incomplete operations and take the appropriate action. -?,--help Print program help summary on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line. -!,--version Print program version information on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line. Use this option when sending screen dumps to Atheros Technical Support so that they know exactly which version of the Linux Toolkit you are using. ARGUMENTS device The MAC address of some powerline device. More than one address may be specified. If more than one address is specified then operations are performed on each device in turn. The default address is local. See DEVICES for information about symbolic device addresses. DEVICES Powerline devices use Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. A MAC address is a 48-bit value entered as 12 hex‐ adecimal digits in upper, lower or mixed character case. Octets may be separated with colons for clarity. For example, "00b052000001", "00:b0:52:00:00:01" and "00b052:000001" are valid and equivalent. The following MAC addresses are special and may be entered by name instead of number. all Same as "broadcast". broadcast A synonym for the Ethernet broadcast address, FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. All devices, whether local, remote or foreign recognize messages sent to this address. A remote device is any device at the far end of a powerline connection. A foreign device is any device not manufactured by Atheros. local A synonym for the Qualcomm Atheros vendor specific Local Management Address (LMA), 00:B0:52:00:00:01. All local Atheros devices recognize this address but remote and foreign devices do not. A remote device is any device at the far end of a powerline connection. A foreign device is any device not manufactured by Atheros. REFERENCES See the Qualcomm Atheros HomePlug AV Firmware Technical Reference Manual for more information. EXAMPLES The following example displays the average transmit and receive PHY rates from each of two devices. One is a local device connected to interface eth2 and the other is a remote device at the far end of the powerline. In this case, they are the only two devices on the powerline network. Observe the recipricol rates shown. # amprate -ni eth2 00:B0:52:00:00:AA 00:B0:52:00:00:BB eth2 00:B0:52:00:00:AA 00:B0:52:00:00:BB TX 163 mbps eth2 00:B0:52:00:00:AA 00:B0:52:00:00:BB RX 176 mbps eth2 00:B0:52:00:00:BB 00:B0:52:00:00:AA TX 176 mbps eth2 00:B0:52:00:00:BB 00:B0:52:00:00:AA RX 163 mbps The following example generates powerline traffic between the local device and each remote device because option -t is present. It then displays the PHY rate read from the local device. # amprate -tni eth2 eth2 00:B0:52:00:00:AA 00:B0:52:00:00:BB TX 163 mbps eth2 00:B0:52:00:00:AA 00:B0:52:00:00:BB RX 176 mbps DISCLAIMER Atheros HomePlug AV Vendor Specific Management Message Entry structure and content is proprietary to Qualcomm Atheros, Ocala FL USA. Consequently, public information may not be available. Qualcomm Atheros reserves the right to modify mes‐ sage structure and content in future firmware releases without any obligation to notify or compensate users of this pro‐ gram. SEE ALSO plc(1), amprule(1), ampstat(1), amptone(1) CREDITS Nathaniel Houghton<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Charles Maier<EMAIL_ADDRESS>open-plc-utils-0.0.3 November 2013 amprate(1)


I work with small and medium-sized businesses, design teams and agencies, building fast, responsive and utilizable website front-ends, with strong focus on HTML5, SVG, CSS, JavaScript, responsive design and performance.
If you’re a designer or a design agency looking for someone to implement your designs in a responsive, performant manner, and think you can benefit from my skill set, then I’m happy to hear from you.
I am passionate about programming, especially Front-end with more than 20+ branding projects.
I have 3+ years experience working with HTML5, CSS3, jQuery and AngularJS. I am also strong in .NET Technology such as ASP.NET MVC 5; SharePoint 2013 Development, Migration and Farm Administration; ASP Identity 2.0 and Entity Framework.
My objective
To gain a solid foundation in software engineering in a corporation where my experience in analysis, design, implementation and testing would highly contribute to the success of company project.


FIFA 20 Team Of The Week 10 Is An Absolute Blockbuster
by Sean MeehanLots of people bemoan the international break, saying they interrupt the flow of the club season.
Now, those people are wrong, make no mistake about it, but they're allowed to live their lives with their mistakes in tow. International breaks are brilliant, not least because the whole country bands together like no other time. But they're also brilliant because, without fail, they always produce brilliant a Team of the Week on FIFA, and this week is no different.
The star of the show in Team of the Week 10 is undoubtedly Cristiano Ronaldo. The Piemonte Calcio star was in stellar form for Portugal, scoring a hat-trick in their 6-0 defeat of Lithuania on Thursday evening. He notched another in their 2-0 win over Luxembourg on Monday, taking his international goal tally to 99.
Also in this jam-packed TOTW is Harry Kane. Although his club may be in turmoil, the England captain had another brilliant international break. He played just 57 minutes in England's 7-0 romp against Montenegro, but managed in that time to score a hat-trick. He also managed to get an assist and a goal in England's 4-0 away to Kosovo. His goalscoring exploits over the window saw him move above the likes of Tom Finney and Alan Shearer as England's sixth all-time leading goalscorer.
Another attacker, but certainly a marquee one, can be found in this TOTW. Eden Hazard's woes at club level haven't impinged on his ability to turn it on for Belgium. The tricky winger scored twice as Belgium won 4-1 away to Russia. He took it easier in the next match against Cyprus, playing 64 minutes as Belgium destroyed the Cypriots 6-1.
Team of the Week 10 Starting XI
GK - Gianluigi Donnarumma (AC Milan) - 86
RB - Stefan Lainer (Borussia Monchengladbach) - 81
CB - Nico Elvedi (Borussia Monchengladbach) - 82
CB - Nicolas Otamendi (Manchester City) - 85
CM - Thomas Partey (Atletico Madrid) - 84
CM - Toni Kroos (Real Madrid) - 89
LM - Ole Kristian Selnaes (Shenzhen) - 81
LW - Cristiano Ronaldo (Piemonte Calcio) - 94
LF - Eden Hazard (Real Madrid) - 92
ST - Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur) - 91
These players will be available from 6pm GMT on November 20 until 6pm GMT on November 27.
SEE ALSO:


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Skills vs. Competencies
After reading this section(pg.9 of 21st Century compentcies), I am firmly aware that there is a gaping hole in the notion of “skill” and “competency”, big enough to drive a giant purple elephant through without anyone even batting an eye.
When you don’t define things precisely using mathematics you end up with this huge yet subtle issue: words that are good enough to print but not good enough to guide.
Here is my example: consider a mathematics class where a teacher is teaching a concept, say trigonometry(easy and straight forward enough right?). The student asks “why should I believe anything you write down?”. The teacher responds: “because it is true.” And the student says, from their heart: “that does not feel good enough”.
Lets consider where competencies and skills come in to this example: Are the students skills at mathematics just not good enough to understand what the teacher is teaching? Are the teacher’s competencies up to par to make the point?
There is clearly an issue here. If you have an answer to this please feel free to point this out to me. One thing you might be thinking is that “authority” might be part of the competency of the educator. But why should one have to appeal to authority when teaching mathematics? Should everything be completely tautological? By that I mean because it is true that student recognizes it and follows, in some form.
Until there are better definitions of skills and competencies we will end up with this “nightmare” scenario playing out in classrooms all over the world. Where students never admit to learning and teachers never have to speak of the foundations. Meaning we can all continue in our zombie like trance towards: “job done”.
To begin this journey towards a better object oriented point of view, which I will do a poor man’s version of below, we will need to consider some basic structures needed to consider these notions of skill and competency:
[ ] - when we see these brackets we will think about multi-sets. This means we will be able to have more than one of each element in the set. In summary we should consider the notion of "generic" when dealing with m-sets(multi-sets). {} – when we see these brackets we will think about sets. This means we will have only one of each element in this set, as a rule. In summary we should consider the notion of "specification" when dealing with sets.
Instead of thinking about this as a “rule that is being made up” consider it apparatus to conceptualize the following solution to help the student, in the example, appreciate the difference between skill and competency to help her better appreciate the skills and competencies in question in the work at hand.
Teacher-“Well if that is not good enough then you are already using mathematics.”
Student-“What do you mean? I am questioning what you are doing which mean I am not engaging in mathematics.”
Teacher-“To engage in mathematics requires you to begin to identify the difference between objects I am presenting and the elements in your mind.
Student-“I suppose I am.”
One very interesting experience to consider is the ability to solve a rubiks cube, quickly. When you participate in this activity you will being to question this notion heavily, more than one might if one has not completed this task a variety of times and ways.
I will elaborate more in further blog entries about how the Rubik’s cube solves the problem of a consistent mathematical narrative across mathematics classrooms around the world.
This will take up from where previous cubers have left off
We only wish to surpass ourselves without impacting others.
References: Space Ipsum. Wildberger, N.J. (2003). A new look at multisets. Why We Cube.TheCubicle. (2018, August 10). Retrieved January 27, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oZY2e25VUw&t=30s


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Predict probability of completing given leg and collecting fares.
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Probability of failure to collect:
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Probability of collecting {{i}} passenger
{{pickupProbabilities[i] * 100 | number:'1.1-1'}}%


Panel
Panel in Metro 4 docs
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OpenAPI and Swagger
惟精惟一
Links
https://openapi-generator.tech/
https://github.com/deepmap/oapi-codegen
https://swagger.io/tools/swagger-editor/
https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/examples/v3.0/petstore.yaml
scripts
package-openapi-generator.sh
package-swagger.sh for swagger editor