Waves have some properties that aren't always intuitive.
Waves only transmit energy, not matter.
Multiple waves can be in the same position at the same time.
Waves move at a constant speed determined by their medium.
Waves expand in all directions.
Interference
Unlike particles, waves pass through each other without any effect. When two waves are in the same position we say they
are in
superposition.
The observed amplitude for waves in superposition is the sum of each wave's amplitude.
Ears are able to detect separate sound frequencies, even though they enter the ear in a superposition. This
spectrogram lets you visualize the frequencies that make up various sounds.
Waves add
constructively when both wave amplitudes are positive or both are negative. This produces a higher observed amplitude.
Constructive interference is how two speakers playing the same song are louder than just one.
Waves add
destructively when one wave amplitude is positive and the other is negative. This produces a lower observed amplitude.
Destructive interference is put to use in
noise cancelling headphones.

Question: A wave is created on each side of a rope with an amplitude of 0.3m. The waves
interfere as they pass through each other.
What is the amplitude of the rope when a crest lines up with a crest?
What is the amplitude of the rope when a crest lines up with a trough?
solution
Two crests add constructively to make a larger amplitude.
Example: Draw the superposition of these waves. They have the same wavelength, so they only add constructively.
solution
Example: Draw the superposition of these waves. They have the same wavelength but they are out of phase with
each other. They can only add destructively.
solution
Example: Draw the superposition of these waves.
solution
Example: Draw the superposition of these waves.
solution
Example: Draw the superposition of these waves.
solution
Example: Draw the superposition of these waves.
solution
Example: Draw the superposition of these waves. When waves have similar frequencies they produce a pattern called
beats.
solution
Adding many sine waves together can produce some interesting
waveforms. The two below are starting to look like sawtooth and triangle, but they need more contributing sine waves.
Interference is even more complex and interesting in higher dimensions. Take a look at these 2-D ripple tank simulations:
Dipole source: Two wave sources interfere.
Intersecting Planes: Two wave planes interfere at 90°.
Beats: Two wave sources with slightly different frequencies.
Polarization
Polarization is a property of transverse waves that describes the angle of oscillation. The polarization can
be any angle perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving.
Most light sources are unpolarized. They oscillate a bit in every direction. Light can become polarized after passing through
a polarization filter that only removes the light that oscillates at a certain angle.
A
polarization filter that blocks vertical light will let horizontally polarized light through. Polarization filters
are often used in sunglasses or 3-D movies.
Unpolarized light can also become partially polarized after reflecting off some shiny surfaces. The reflected light becomes
polarized parallel to the surface. For example, a flat road reflects horizontally polarized light.
Question: What polarization does the sun have?
solution Most light sources, including the sun, don't have one polarization. They have a bunch of random polarizations.
Although, the refracted blue sun light from
Rayleigh scattering
is polarized towards the sun.
Question: What classifications of waves can and can't be polarized?
solution Transverse wave, like light, can be polarized.
Longitudinal waves, like sound, can't be polarized.
(except for sound waves in solids, which can be transverse)
Question: What angle would a polarization filter need to be to block the glare from a highway road?
solution A horizontal polarization filter will block the glare from a road.
Question: Imagine looking at sunlight through a horizontal polarization filter and a vertical polarization filter.
What color would you see?
solution It would just be black, since all the light would be blocked.
Diffraction
Waves tend to spread out in every direction possible within their medium.
Diffraction is when a wave spreads out after some of the wave hits a barrier. This explains how sound can be
heard through an open door even when there is no line of sight.
Diffraction can be explained by thinking of every point on a wavefront as the source of spherical waves.
You can see examples of diffraction in these 2-D ripple tank simulations:
Single Slit: Waves spread out in a circle as they pass through a gap.
Double Slit: Notice the pattern of constructive and destructive interference.
Half Plane: Waves curve around a wall.
Obstacle: Waves of the right wavelength can almost ignore a small barrier.
Example: Draw the pattern of the waves that would pass through the gap as the waves propagate to the right.
solution
Example: Draw the pattern of the waves that would pass through the gap as the waves propagate to the right.
solution This is the famous
double slit experiment.
Notice the alternating constructive and destructive interference pattern.
Reflection and Refraction
Reflection and refraction occur when the wave speed changes as it enters a new medium. Part of the wave refracts into the
new medium, and part of the wave reflects back into the old medium.
These effects are produced because media have different propagation speeds.
Refraction = After entering a new medium, a wave will change its direction of propagation.
When slowing down, the wave will bend towards the normal.
When speeding up, the wave will bend away from the normal.
Reflection = When hitting a new medium, part of a wave stays in the original medium. The angle between the incident
ray and the normal line equals the angle between the reflected ray and the normal. $$\theta_i = \theta_r$$
Most substances are bumpy at the molecular level. Because of the bumpiness, they scatter reflected light in many directions.
Scattered light is called
diffuse light. Materials like dirt, skin, and wallpaper reflect diffuse light.
Smooth materials produce a clear mirror image, called a
specular reflection. Specular reflections are found in materials like metal, glass, and water. Mirrors are typically
made by coating one side of a plate of glass with metal.
Example: How will the light ray bend as it enters the denser media? Complete the path of light in the diagram
above.
solution
It will refract up, towards the normal.
Click to Run
Simulation: Try out this light bending simulation. Can you figure out how to produce total internal reflection?
This is when the light only reflects and doesn't refract.
solution Total internal reflection occurs when the light starts in the slower media and hit the faster media at a small angle.
Simulation:
Use the simulation to find out how the angle of incidence relates to the angle of reflection? These are the angles between
the wave and the line normal to the media barrier.
solution They are equal.
Simulation:
Dispersion is a phenomenon where different frequencies refract different amounts. Use the simulation to see how refraction
works differently for high vs. low frequency?
solution The wavelength/color/frequency of the light changes the refraction. A blue light has a shorter wavelength and it will
refract more.
When you shine a light on a substance the color coming from the substance is reflected light.
\( \theta_1 \) = angle of incidence
\( \theta_2 \) = angle of refraction
\(v\) = propagation speed [m/s]
\(\lambda\) = wavelength [m, meters]
\(n\) =
index of refraction [no units]
It helps to draw a quick diagram for each problem.
Label which medium is going to be 1 and which is 2.
Focus on just two ratios, and set them equal to each other.
Example: 7.0 mm light travels from air to water. Use the
index of refraction to find the wavelength of the light in water.
solution
$$\text{1 = air} \quad \quad \text{ 2 = water}$$ $$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\lambda_1}{\lambda_2}$$ $$\frac{n_1}{n_2} = \frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}$$
$$\lambda_2 = \frac{\lambda_1 n_1}{n_2} $$ $$\lambda_2 = \frac{(0.0070) (1)}{1.33} $$ $$\lambda_2 = 0.0053\, \mathrm{m}$$
$$\lambda_2 = 5.3\, \mathrm{mm}$$
Example: Why can't we compare the ratio of the frequencies in each medium?
solution Wavelength, speed, and angle change in each medium, yet frequency doesn't change.
Example: Light enters air from glass at 36.0º to the normal. This glass has an index of 1.52. What angle does
the light leave relative to the normal?
solution
$$\text{1 = glass} \quad \quad \text{ 2 = air}$$ $$\frac{\mathrm{sin} \theta_1}{\mathrm{sin} \theta_2} = \frac{n_2}{n_1}
$$ $$n_1 \mathrm{sin} (\theta_1) = n_2 \mathrm{sin} (\theta_2) $$ $$1.52 \mathrm{sin} (36.0) = 1 \mathrm{sin} (\theta_2)
$$ $$ \mathrm{sin}^{-1} (0.893) = \mathrm{sin}^{-1}(\mathrm{sin} (\theta_2)) $$ $$63.3^{\circ} = \theta_2 $$
Example: Diamonds have a very high
index of refraction. Its high index is why they seem sparkly. How fast does light move through a diamond?
hint Setup a situation where the light goes from air to diamonds.
Build an equation with the index of refractions and the velocities.
As the light wave enters a new medium some of the light is reflected, and some is refracted. If the angle of refraction
is 90º or higher, the light will only reflect. This is called
total internal reflection. The angle of incidence that produces a 90º angle of refraction is called the
critical angle.
You can see total internal reflection if you swim under some water and look upwards.
Example: A 600 nm wave of red light starts in water and enters air. What is the critical angle for total internal
reflection?
hint Look up the index of refraction for air and water.
Set the angle of refraction to 90º.
Solve for the angle of incidence.
Simulation: Use the simulation and Snell's law to calculate the index of refraction for mystery substances A
and B. Use the simulated protractor to measure the angles or use the speed tool.
solution A
$$\text{1 = air} \quad \quad \text{ 2 = mystery A}$$ $$\theta_1 = 39.0^{\circ} \quad \quad \quad n_1 = 1.0$$ $$\theta_2 =
15.0^{\circ} \quad \quad \quad n_2 = \ ?$$ $$\frac{\mathrm{sin} \theta_1}{\mathrm{sin} \theta_2} =\frac{n_2}{n_1} $$
$$n_2 = \frac{n_1 \mathrm{sin} \theta_1}{\mathrm{sin} \theta_2} $$ $$n_2 = \frac{(1.0) \mathrm{sin} (39.0)}{\mathrm{sin}
(15.0)} $$ $$ n_2 = 2.43 $$
solution B
$$\text{1 = air} \quad \quad \text{ 2 = mystery B}$$ $$\theta_1 = 39.0^{\circ} \quad \quad \quad n_1 = 1.0$$ $$\theta_2 =
26.5^{\circ} \quad \quad \quad n_2 = \ ?$$ $$\frac{\mathrm{sin} \theta_1}{\mathrm{sin} \theta_2} =\frac{n_2}{n_1} $$
$$n_2 = \frac{n_1 \mathrm{sin} \theta_1}{\mathrm{sin} \theta_2} $$ $$n_2 = \frac{(1.0) \mathrm{sin} (39.0)}{\mathrm{sin}
(26.5)} $$ $$ n_2 = 1.41 $$
The Doppler Effect
The Doppler effect is heard when a car moves past a stationary observer as a "vvvVVVRRROOOMMMmmm". The observed sound drops
in frequency very quickly as the car zooms past.
When an observer is moving
towards a wave source, the observer will see the wave's frequency as
higher and the wavelength as
shorter.
When an observer is moving
away from a wave source, the observer will see the wave's frequency as
lower and the wavelength as
longer.
A
sonic boom occurs when the source of sound is moving at the speed of sound. Can you produce a sonic boom in the simulation below?
Light can also be Doppler shifted, but it is harder to notice because light moves so fast. A light source near the speed
of light will noticeably shift in color.
The convention is to say that light is
blueshifted as it moves towards you and
redshifted as it moves away.
Astronomers use this color shifting to calculate the relative motion of far away objects. In 1929 Edwin Hubble published
the observation that almost all galaxies are
redshifted. This was the initial evidence that the universe is expanding.
Redshifted light from stars expanding away from us is actually the main reason why the sky is
dark at night.
The Doppler effect is used in
laser cooling to produce temperatures near absolute zero.
Radar guns use the Doppler effect to measure relative speed. They bounce radio waves off moving objects to measure the frequency
shift of the reflected waves. The frequency shift indicates the relative speed.
Question: Imagine you are driving towards a cop with a radar gun. How will your motion affect how they see your
reflected radio waves?
solution The cop will observe your light at a higher frequency and a shorter wavelength.


Welcome to InterVarsity Christian Fellowship here at OU! We're excited about learning and sharing God’s truths this year and would love for you to join us!
Whether you're looking to grow in your faith, or just curious about what Christianity is all about, we would love for you to get involved.
We have all sorts of events to develop friendships, learn about God, and serve our community. Look below to see what is coming up next!


NEWS for Ruby 1.9.1¶ ↑
This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between releases except for bug fixes.
Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference information is supplied with. For a full list of changes with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
Changes since the 1.8.7 release¶ ↑
See doc/NEWS-1.8.7 for changes between 1.8.6 and 1.8.7.
Compatibility issues¶ ↑
-
language core
* New syntax and semantics o Block arguments are always local o New semantics for block arguments o defined? and local variables o Parser expects that your source code has only valid byte sequence in some character encoding. Use magic comments to tell the parser which encoding you use. o New semantics for constant definition in instance_eval or in module_eval. * Deprecated syntax o colon (:) instead of "then" in if/unless or case expression. o retry in a loop or an iterator.
-
builtin classes and objects
* Kernel and Object o Kernel#methods and #singleton_methods used to return an array of strings but now they return an array of symbols. * Class and Module o Module#attr works as Module#attr_reader by default. Optional boolean argument is obsolete. o Module#instance_methods, #private_instance_methods and #public_instance_methods used to return an array of strings but now they return an array of symbols. o Extra subclassing check when binding UnboundMethods * Exceptions o Exceptions are equal to each other if they belong to the same class and have the same message and backtrace. o SystemStackError used to be a subclass of StandardError but not it is a direct subclass of Exception. o SecurityError: ditto o Removed Exception#to_str [Ruby2] * Enumerable and Enumerator o Enumerable::Enumerator, compatibility alias of Enumerator, is removed. o Enumerable#{map,collect} called without a block returns an enumerator. o Even more builtin and bundled libraries have been made to return an enumerator when called without a block. * Array o Array#nitems was removed (use count {|i| !i.nil?}) o Array#choice was removed (use sample) o Array#[m,n] = nil places nil in the array. * Hash o Hash#to_s is equivalent to Hash#inspect o Semantics for Hash#each and Hash#each_pair o Hash#select returns a hash o Hash#key is the new name for #index which has been deprecated. o Hash preserves order. It enumerates its elements in the order in which the keys are inserted. o Most of the changes in Hash apply to hash like interfaces such as ENV and *DBM. * IO operations o Many methods used to act byte-wise but now some of those act character-wise. You can use alternate byte-wise methods. o IO#getc o Non-blocking IO o Kernel#open takes "t" for newline conversion o Kernel#open takes encoding specified o IO automatically converts byte sequence from a character encodings into another if specified. o StringIO#readpartial o IO.try_convert o IO.binread o IO.copy_stream o IO#binmode? o IO#close_on_exec= and IO#close_on_exec? o Limit input in IO#gets, IO#readline, IO#readlines, IO#each_line, IO#lines, IO.foreach, IO.readlines, StringIO#gets, StringIO#readline, StringIO#each, StringIO#readlines o IO#ungetc, StringIO#ungetc o IO#ungetbyte, StringIO#ungetbyte o IO#internal_encoding, IO#external_encoding, IO#set_encoding o IO.pipe takes encoding option o Directive %u behaves like %d for negative values in printf-style formatting. * File and Dir operations o #to_path is called as necessary in File.path, File.chmod, File.lchmod, File.chown, File.lchown, File.utime, File.unlink, etc.. o File.world_readable? o File.world_writable? o Dir.[], Dir.glob o Dir.exist? o Dir.exists? * File::Stat o File::Stat#world_readable? o File::Stat#world_writable? * String o No longer an Enumerable: use each_line/lines for line oriented operation o Encoding-awareness o Character-wise semantics in many methods instead of byte-wise. o String#[]: Indexing a String with an integer returns a single character String instead of an integer. o String#[]=: No longer takes an integer as right side value. Note that "str[i] = ?c" because of the following change. o ?c is evaluated to a single character string instead of an integer. * Regexp o Encoding-awareness o Regexp matches only with strings which is encoded in a compatible character encoding to the regexp's. o Regexp#kcode is removed. use Regexp#encoding. * Symbols: restriction on literal symbols * Numeric o Numeric#div always rounds as Integer#div has done. o Numeric#fdiv: ditto. * Integer o Integer(nil) raises TypeError * Fixnum o Fixnum#id2name removed o Fixnum#to_sym removed * Struct o Struct#inspect * Time o New format in Time#to_s o Timezone information preserved on Marshal.dump/load * $SAFE and bound methods o New trusted/untrusted model in addition to tainted/untainted model. * Deprecation o $= (global flag for case-sensitiveness on string matching) o Kernel#to_a o Kernel#getc, #gsub, #sub o Kernel#callcc and Continuation now become 'continuation' bundled library. o Object#type o Removed Array and Hash #indices, #indexes o Hash#index o ENV.index o Process::Status#to_int o Numeric#rdiv o Precision is removed. Don't cry, it will be redesigned and come back in future version. o Symbol#to_int and Symbol#to_i o $KCODE is no longer effective. Use Encoding related features of each class. o VERSION and friends
-
bundled libraries
* Pathname o No longer has #to_str nor #=~. * time and date o Time.parse and Date.parse interprets slashed numerical dates as "dd/mm/yyyy". * Readline o If Readline uses libedit, Readline::HISTORY[0] returns the first of the history. * Continuation o as above * Deprecation o Complex#image: use Complex#imag o All SSL-related class methods in Net::SMTP o Prime#cache, Prime#primes, Prime#primes_so_far o mailread library: use tmail gem. o cgi-lib library: use cgi. o date2 library: use date. o eregex library o finalize library: use ObjectSpace.define_finalizer if you really need a finalizer. really? o ftools library: use fileutils. o generator library: use Enumerator. o importenv library and Env library o jcode library: use multilingualization support of String o parsedate library o ping library o readbytes library o getopts library and parsearg library: use optparse or getoptlong. o soap, wsdl and xsd libraries: use soap4r gem. o Win32API library: use dl. o dl library: Reimplemented and API changed. use the new version of dl or ffi gem. o rubyunit library and runit library: use minitest or test/unit. Or use anything you love through RubyGems. o test/unit is reimplemented on top of minitest. This is not fully compatible with the original.
Language core changes¶ ↑
* New syntax and semantics o Magic comments to declare in which encoding your source code is written o New literal hash syntax and new syntax for hash style arguments o New syntax for lambdas o .() and calling Procs without #call/#[] o Block in block arguments o Block local variables o Mandatory arguments after optional arguments allowed o Multiple splats allowed o #[] can take splatted arguments, hash style arguments and a block. o New directives in printf-style formatted strings (%). o Newlines allowed before ternary colon operator (:) and method call dot operator (.) o Negative operators such as !, != and !~ are now overloadable o Encoding.default_external and default_internal o __ENCODING__: New pseudo variable to hold the current script's encoding
Library updates¶ ↑
-
builtin classes and objects
* Kernel and Object o BasicObject o Object#=~ returns nil instead of false by default. o Kernel#define_singleton_method o Kernel#load can load a library from the highest versions of gems by default. * Class and Module o Module#const_defined?, #const_get and #method_defined? take an optional parameter. o #class_variable_{set,get} are public. o Class of singleton classes * Errno::EXXX o All of those are always defined. Errno::EXXX will be defined as an alias to Errno::NOERROR if your platform does not have one. * Binding#eval * Blocks and Procs o Arity of blocks without arguments o proc is now a synonym of Proc.new o Proc#yield o Passing blocks to #[] o Proc#lambda? o Proc#curry * Fiber: coroutines/micro-threads * Thread o Thread.critical and Thread.critical= removed o Thread#exit!, Thread#kill! and Thread#terminate! removed. * Enumerable and Enumerator o Enumerator#enum_cons and Enumerator#enum_slice are removed. Use #each_cons and #each_slice without a block. o Enumerable#each_with_index can take optional arguments and passes them to #each. o Enumerable#each_with_object o Enumerator#with_object o Enumerator.new { ... } * Array o Array#delete returns a deleted element rather than a given object o Array#to_s is equivalent to Array#inspect o Array.try_convert o Array#pack('m0') complies with RFC 4648. * Hash o preserving item insertion order o Hash#default_proc= o Hash#_compare_by_identity and Hash#compare_by_identity? o Hash.try_convert o Hash#assoc o Hash#rassoc o Hash#flatten * Range o Range#cover? o Range#include? iterates over elements and compares the given value with each element unless the range is numeric. Use Range#cover? for the old behavior, i.e. comparison with boundary values. o Range#min, Range#max * File and Dir operations o New methods * Process o Process.spawn o Process.daemon * String o String#clear o String#ord o String#getbyte, String#setbyte o String#chars and String#each_char act as character-wise. o String#codepoints, String#each_codepoint o String#unpack with a block o String#hash o String.try_convert o String#encoding o String#force_encoding, String#encode and String#encode! o String#ascii_only? o String#valid_encoding? o String#match * Symbol o Zero-length symbols allowed o Symbol#intern o Symbol#encoding o Symbol methods similar to those in String * Regexp o Regexp#=== matches symbols o Regexp.try_convert o Regexp#match o Regexp#fixed_encoding? o Regexp#encoding o Regexp#named_captures o Regexp#names * MatchData o MatchData#names o MatchData#regexp * Encoding * Encoding::Converter o supports conversion between many encodings * Numeric o Numeric#upto, #downto, #times, #step o Numeric#real?, Complex#real? o Numeric#magnitude o Numeric#round * Float o Float#round * Integer o Integer#round * Rational / Complex o They are in the core library now * Math o Math#log takes an optional argument. o Math#log2 o Math#cbrt, Math#lgamma, Math#gamma * Time o Time.times removed. Use Process.times. o Time#sunday? o Time#monday? o Time#tuesday? o Time#wednesday? o Time#thursday? o Time#friday? o Time#saturday? o Time#tv_nsec and Time#nsec * Misc. new methods o RUBY_ENGINE to distinguish between Ruby processor implementation o public_method o public_send o GC.count o ObjectSpace.count_objects o Method#hash, Proc#hash o Method#source_location, UnboundMethod#source_location and Proc#source_location o __callee__ o Elements in $LOAD_PATH and $LOADED_FEATURES are expanded
-
bundled libraries
* RubyGems o Package management system for Ruby. o Integrated with Ruby's library loader. * Rake o Ruby make. A simple ruby build program with capabilities similar to make. * minitest o Our new testing library which is faster, cleaner and easier to read than the old test/unit. o You can introduce the old test/unit as testunit gem through RubyGems if you want. * CMath o Complex number version of Math * Prime o Extracted from Mathn and improved. You can easily enumerate prime numbers. o Prime.new is obsolete. Use its class methods. * ripper o Ruby script parser * Readline o Readline.vi_editing_mode? o Readline.emacs_editing_mode? o Readline::HISTORY.clear * Tk o TkXXX widget classes are removed and redefined as aliases of Tk::XXX classes. * RDoc o Updated to version 2.2.2. See: http://rubyforge.org/frs/shownotes.php?group_id=627&release_id=26434 * json o JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder
-
commandline options
* -E, --encoding * -U * --enable-gems, --disable-gems * --enable-rubyopt, --disable-rubyopt * long options are allowed in RUBYOPT environment variable.
Implementation changes¶ ↑
-
Memory Diet
* Object Compaction - Object, Array, String, Hash, Struct, Class, Module * st_table compaction (inlining small tables)
-
YARV
* Ruby codes are compiled into opcodes before executed. * Native thread
-
Platform supports
* Support levels (0) Supported (1) Best effort (2) Perhaps (3) Not supported * Dropped o No longer supports djgpp, bcc32, human68k, MacOS 9 or earlier, VMS nor Windows CE.


Monitoring the state of a function with the Lambda API
When you create or update a function, Lambda provisions the compute and networking resources that enable it to run. In most cases, this process is very fast, and your function is ready to be invoked or modified right away.
If you configure your function to connect to a virtual private cloud (VPC), the process can take longer. When you first connect a function to a VPC, Lambda provisions network interfaces, which takes about a minute. To communicate the current state of your function, Lambda includes additional fields in the function configuration document that is returned by several Lambda API actions.
When you create a function, the function is initially in the Pending
state. When the function is
ready to be invoked, the state changes from Pending
to Active
. While the state is
Pending
, invocations and other API actions that operate on the function return an error.
If you build
automation around creating and updating functions, wait for the function to become
active before performing
additional actions that operate on the function.
You can use the Lambda API to get information about a function's state. State information
is included in the
FunctionConfiguration document returned by several API actions.
To view the function's state with the AWS CLI, use the get-function-configuration
command.
aws lambda get-function-configuration --function-name my-function
You should see the following output:
{ "FunctionName": "my-function", "FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-2:123456789012:function:my-function", "Runtime": "nodejs12.x", "Role": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/lambda-role", "TracingConfig": { "Mode": "Active" },
"State": "Pending", "StateReason": "The function is being created.", "StateReasonCode": "Creating",
... }
The StateReason
and StateReasonCode
contain additional information about the state
when it is not Active
. The following operations fail while function creation is pending:
When you update a function's configuration, the update can trigger an asynchronous
operation to provision
resources. While this is in progress, you can invoke the function, but other operations
on the function fail.
Invocations that occur while the update is in progress run against the previous configuration.
The function's state
is Active
, but its LastUpdateStatus
is InProgress
.
Example Function configuration – Connecting to a VPC
{ "FunctionName": "my-function", "FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-2:123456789012:function:my-function", "Runtime": "nodejs12.x", "VpcConfig": { "SubnetIds": [ "subnet-071f712345678e7c8", "subnet-07fd123456788a036", "subnet-0804f77612345cacf" ], "SecurityGroupIds": [ "sg-085912345678492fb" ], "VpcId": "vpc-08e1234569e011e83" },
"State": "Active", "LastUpdateStatus": "InProgress"
, ... }
The following operations fail while an asynchronous update is in progress:
Other operations, including invocation, work while updates are in progress.
For example, when you connect your function to a virtual private cloud (VPC), Lambda
provisions an elastic
network interface for each subnet. This process can leave your function in a pending
state for a minute or so. Lambda
also reclaims network interfaces that are not in use, placing your function in an
Inactive
state. When
the function is inactive, an invocation causes it to enter the Pending
state while network access is
restored. The invocation that triggers restoration, and further invocations while
the operation is pending, fail
with ResourceNotReadyException
.
If Lambda encounters an error when restoring a function's network interface, the function
goes back to the
Inactive
state. The next invocation can trigger another attempt. For some configuration errors,
Lambda
waits at least 5 minutes before attempting to create another network interface. These
errors have the following
LastUpdateStatusReasonCode
values:
-
InsufficientRolePermission
– Role doesn't exist or is missing permissions. -
SubnetOutOfIPAddresses
– All IP addresses in a subnet are in use.
For more information on how states work with VPC connectivity, see Configuring a Lambda function to access resources in a VPC.


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Aaron Cruden homecoming complete for 2020 Super Rugby season
by Online EditorsAfter a few years in the wilderness, Aaron Cruden has come back home.
The 50-test All Blacks first five-eighth has signed on for another stint with the Chiefs, signing with the club on a one-year deal.
Cruden, 30, returns to the club from French side Montpelier, having already played in more than 80 matches for the Hamilton club between 2012 and 2017.
The team’s new head coach Warren Gatland said he was excited to welcome Cruden back.
“As a player, he has a proven ability to create opportunities with his boot and can spark up an attack from anywhere on the park. We are fortunate and privileged to have him return and I will look forward to coaching him in the coming season.”
Cruden’s signing likely signals the end of the Chiefs’ No 10 experiment, with Damian McKenzie set to return to fullback.
Cruden returns with fond memories of the club, and was a key director of their back-to-back Super Rugby titles in 2012 and 2013.
His was the second major signing announced by a New Zealand franchise for the upcoming Super Rugby season, with English representative centre Joe Marchant agreeing to join the Blues.
Marchant joins the Auckland club on a sabbatical from parent club Harlequins, and was expected to help fill the gaping hole in the side’s lineup left by the departures of Ma’a Nonu and Sonny Bill Williams.
This article first appeared on the NZ Herald and is republished with permission here.
Sonny Bill Williams joins Toronto Wolfpack:


FROM: MOHAMMED WILLIAMS JOHANNESBURG REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA TEL: +27-78-393-0704 Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Dear Sir, PRIVATE AND HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL Greeting! I know you will be surprised to read from me, but please this letter is a request from a family in dire need of assistance. I am Mr. Mohammed Williams from Angola.The first and the only son of Brigadier Chanza Williams communicating to you from Johannesburg, South Africa. I got your address from my random search at the net. And, I on behalf of my widowed mother Mrs. Bridget Williams decided to solicit for your assistance to transfer the sum of US$35.8 Million (Thirty five Million Eight Hundred Thousand United States Dollars), which he deposited in a safe box to private security company in Johannesburg, South Africa. In fact, my father said, and I quote: �My son, I wish to draw your attention to US$35.8 Million (Thirty five Million Eight Hundred Thousand United States Dollars). I deposited the box containing the fund in a security company in Johannesburg, South Africa as valuables. During the war, I was very committed and dedicated in winning the war against the rebels, until I found out that the senior army officers and government functionaries were busy helping themselves with government funds and properties, sending them to foreign countries. Due to this, when the former adviser to the president and I were assigned by the president (JOSE EDUARDO SANTOS) to purchase arms in South Africa, we saw this as a golden opportunity and diverted the money and share it, of which I got a total sum of US$35.8 Million (Thirty five Million Eight Hundred Thousand United States Dollars). In case of my absence on earth as a result of death, only you should solicit for assistance of a reliable and sincere foreign partner to assist you to transfer this money out of South Africa for investment purpose. I deposited the box in your name and you can claim it alone with deposited code.   We are now living in South Africa as political asylum seekers. Financial laws and regulations of the Republic of South Africa do not permit us certain financial rights. In view of this, I cannot invest this fund in South Africa hence; I am seeking your assistance to transfer this fund out of South Africa for investment purpose. For your assistance, we are prepared to offer you 25% of the total fund while 5% will be set aside for any expenses incurred during this transaction. Please note that this transaction is 100% risk-free and the major thing I demand from you is to assure me the safety of this money when it finally gets to you. Further information and arrangement commence as soon as trust confidence and good relationship are established. I shall be most grateful if you maintain the confidentiality of this matter. Please, confirm your interest through the above contact telephone numbers or email. Best regards, MOHAMMED WILLIAMS. {For the family} All responses should be sent to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>_________________________________________________________________ Could you be the guest MSN Movies presenter? Click Here to Audition http://www.lightscameraaudition.co.uk


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4 Session 3: Data analysis
Looking at your data
Building your analysis dataset
Answering questions with data
Missing data
Grouping and pivoting data
Filtering data
4.1 Looking at your data
Section from Epidemiologist R handbook- 17 Descriptive Tables
There are many functions available to look at descriptive statistics from your dataset. For this example we will use a function that is included in the basic installation of R.
summary(africa_covid_cases_long)
## ISO COUNTRY_NAME AFRICAN_REGION excel_date
## Length:25917 Length:25917 Length:25917 Length:25917
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
##
## cases date_format
## Min. : -209.0 Min. :2020-01-01
## 1st Qu.: 0.0 1st Qu.:2020-05-02
## Median : 7.0 Median :2020-09-01
## Mean : 177.6 Mean :2020-09-01
## 3rd Qu.: 78.0 3rd Qu.:2021-01-01
## Max. :21980.0 Max. :2021-05-03
## NA's :231
This function provides useful information which we can use for building our approach to designing an analysis workflow.
For example, we can see from the summary of the date variable that the first record (Min
) is from 2020-01-01 and the last record (Max
) is from 2021-05-03,
For the cases variable, the maximum number of cases recorded on one day was 6,195.
4.2 Building an analysis dataset
Before analysing the data, it is a good idea to generate a new dataset which only contains the variables you need to analyse.
So what variables do we have in africa_covid_cases_long
names(africa_covid_cases_long)
## [1] "ISO" "COUNTRY_NAME" "AFRICAN_REGION" "excel_date"
## [5] "cases" "date_format"
We can select the variables we want to keep using the select function from the dplyr package
dplyr
is a core part of the tidyverse
so it is loaded when you write library(tidyverse)
<- africa_covid_cases_long %>%
analysis_dataset select(date_format,AFRICAN_REGION, COUNTRY_NAME, cases)
We can look at the first few rows of the dataset we have created to check we have selected the desired variables.
head(analysis_dataset)
## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## date_format AFRICAN_REGION COUNTRY_NAME cases
## <date> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 2020-01-01 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 2 2020-01-02 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 3 2020-01-03 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 4 2020-01-04 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 5 2020-01-05 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 6 2020-01-06 Northern Africa Algeria 0
The select
function from the dplyr
package is very useful.
It can also be used to rename selected variables
<- africa_covid_cases_long %>%
analysis_dataset select(date=date_format,region=AFRICAN_REGION, country=COUNTRY_NAME, cases)
We have renamed AFRICAN_REGION
and COUNTRY_NAME
as region
and country
head(analysis_dataset)
## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## date region country cases
## <date> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 2020-01-01 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 2 2020-01-02 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 3 2020-01-03 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 4 2020-01-04 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 5 2020-01-05 Northern Africa Algeria 0
## 6 2020-01-06 Northern Africa Algeria 0
4.3 Answering questions with data
The Epidemiologist R handbook has several comprehensive sections focusing on data analysis. We will continue to work with the dataset we have built while applying some of the examples from the handbook.
So far we have:
Imported the data from an Excel worksheet
Reshaped the data into a “tidy” format
Changed the format of a variable to a date
Selected only the variables we want to use for the analysis
Now we can start to use the dataset to answer questions
The dplyr
package contains many useful functions for analysing data.
Some of these functions are covered in the Epidemiologist R Handbook - Section 17.4
We will use some of these functions to answer questions using our dataset.
How many confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been recorded in Africa?
%>% # Tell R what dataset we want to use
analysis_dataset summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases)) #Tell R what function we want to apply to the data
## # A tibble: 1 x 1
## total_covid_cases
## <dbl>
## 1 NA
The answer is “NA”, which stands for “Not Available”
This is a good example of how R deals with missing data
There may be dates in our dataset where there were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 recorded
When data are missing, R will display “NA” for the variable
If you try to run a calculation on data where there is one or more “NA” values, the results will be “NA”
4.4 Missing data
There are several options for dealing with missing values in R including imputation and other statistical techniques which will not be discussed here. For this section we will discuss the 2 most straightforward options but when building a graph, table or report it is very important to report how missing data were handled.
Complete case analysis
- Remove rows with any missing data
<- na.omit(analysis_dataset) full_dataset
Exclude “NA” values from calculations
- Add an additional argument to the function to remove any record with “NA” in the variable “cases”
<- analysis_dataset %>%
total_covid_cases summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases, na.rm=TRUE))
total_covid_cases
## # A tibble: 1 x 1
## total_covid_cases
## <dbl>
## 1 4561465
This command has now excluded NA values and has provided us with an answer for the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa - 4.561465^{6}
4.5 Grouping and pivoting data
group_by
is a very powerful function for summarising data. You can instruct R to recognise specific groups in your data. Functions can then be applied to these groups providing you with additional information.
How many confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been recorded in Africa, by region?
<- analysis_dataset %>%
total_covid_cases_region group_by(region) %>%
summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases, na.rm=TRUE))
The arrange
function can be used to organise the results. In this case we have instructed R to sort the results by the total_covid_cases
variable, from highest to lowest value.
%>%
analysis_dataset group_by(region) %>%
summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases, na.rm=TRUE)) %>%
arrange(-total_covid_cases)
## # A tibble: 5 x 2
## region total_covid_cases
## <chr> <dbl>
## 1 Southern Africa 1970137
## 2 Northern Africa 1371469
## 3 Eastern Africa 622537
## 4 Western Africa 435969
## 5 Central Africa 161353
We can add multiple variables to group_by
If we add region and country to the group_by command, sort from highest to lowest, we can see which countries reported the most confirmed COVID-19 cases
%>%
analysis_dataset group_by(region, country) %>%
summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases, na.rm=TRUE)) %>%
arrange(-total_covid_cases)
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'region'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
## # A tibble: 53 x 3
## # Groups: region [5]
## region country total_covid_cases
## <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 Southern Africa South Africa 1584064
## 2 Northern Africa Morocco 511856
## 3 Northern Africa Tunisia 311743
## 4 Eastern Africa Ethiopia 258353
## 5 Northern Africa Egypt 228584
## 6 Northern Africa Libya 178335
## 7 Western Africa Nigeria 165199
## 8 Eastern Africa Kenya 160559
## 9 Northern Africa Algeria 122522
## 10 Western Africa Ghana 92683
## # … with 43 more rows
4.6 Filtering data
Another useful function is filter
which can be used to apply filters to calculations
We can repeat the previous calculation, but then add a filter to only include results from countries in Northern Africa
%>%
analysis_dataset group_by(region, country) %>%
summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases, na.rm=TRUE)) %>%
arrange(-total_covid_cases) %>%
filter(region=="Northern Africa")
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'region'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
## # A tibble: 6 x 3
## # Groups: region [1]
## region country total_covid_cases
## <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 Northern Africa Morocco 511856
## 2 Northern Africa Tunisia 311743
## 3 Northern Africa Egypt 228584
## 4 Northern Africa Libya 178335
## 5 Northern Africa Algeria 122522
## 6 Northern Africa Mauritania 18429
The filter can be applied at any point within the calculation. For very complex calculations, it is helpful to apply the filter as early as possible. This reduces the number of records before the complex portion of the calculation occurs.
filter
can also be used to make data frames
<- analysis_dataset %>%
northern_africa filter(region=="Northern Africa")
Using filters, we can answer additional questions.
What percentage of North Africa’s confirmed COVID-19 cases were recorded in each country in North Africa?
#to convert the calculation to percentage we will need to install an additional package
#install.packages("scales")
%>%
northern_africa group_by(country) %>%
summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases, na.rm=TRUE)) %>%
mutate(percentage=scales::percent(total_covid_cases/sum(total_covid_cases))) %>%
#with this mutate command we are telling r to divide the total number of covid cases for each country by the total number of covid cases for all countries in northern africa
arrange(-total_covid_cases)
## # A tibble: 6 x 3
## country total_covid_cases percentage
## <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 Morocco 511856 37.3%
## 2 Tunisia 311743 22.7%
## 3 Egypt 228584 16.7%
## 4 Libya 178335 13.0%
## 5 Algeria 122522 8.9%
## 6 Mauritania 18429 1.3%
We can store the result as a data frame by assigning the calculation to an object.
<- northern_africa %>%
northern_africa_cases_country group_by(country) %>%
summarise(total_covid_cases=sum(cases, na.rm=TRUE)) %>%
mutate(percentage=scales::percent(total_covid_cases/sum(total_covid_cases))) %>%
#with this mutate command we are telling r to divide the total number of covid cases for each country by the total number of covid cases for all countries in northern africa
arrange(-total_covid_cases)
4.7 Additional questions and workflows
4.7.1 When was the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Northern Africa?
<- northern_africa %>%
first_cases_northern_africa filter(cases>0) %>%
filter(date == min(date, na.rm=TRUE))
first_cases_northern_africa
## # A tibble: 1 x 4
## date region country cases
## <date> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 2020-02-14 Northern Africa Egypt 1
Here we have added 2 filters:
Only keep records where the value for
cases
is higher than 0Only keep records where the value for
date
is equal to the minimum value fordate.
We have also added thena.rm=TRUE
command from a previous step. If you don’t know the data very well, it is good practice to add this command.
When was the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Northern Africa, by country?
<- northern_africa %>%
first_case_northern_africa_country group_by(country) %>%
filter(cases>0) %>%
filter(date == min(date, na.rm=TRUE))
first_case_northern_africa_country
## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## # Groups: country [6]
## date region country cases
## <date> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 2020-02-25 Northern Africa Algeria 1
## 2 2020-02-14 Northern Africa Egypt 1
## 3 2020-03-24 Northern Africa Libya 1
## 4 2020-03-13 Northern Africa Mauritania 1
## 5 2020-03-02 Northern Africa Morocco 1
## 6 2020-03-02 Northern Africa Tunisia 1
The filter function can also be used to exclude certain records from the analysis
<- northern_africa %>%
first_case_northern_africa_country_exclude_tunisia group_by(country) %>%
filter(cases>0) %>%
filter(date == min(date, na.rm=TRUE)) %>%
#filter(!country=="Tunisia") %>%
filter(country!="Tunisia") #both methods for excluding results (in this case excluding results where the value for country is Tunisia) can be used
first_case_northern_africa_country_exclude_tunisia
## # A tibble: 5 x 4
## # Groups: country [5]
## date region country cases
## <date> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 2020-02-25 Northern Africa Algeria 1
## 2 2020-02-14 Northern Africa Egypt 1
## 3 2020-03-24 Northern Africa Libya 1
## 4 2020-03-13 Northern Africa Mauritania 1
## 5 2020-03-02 Northern Africa Morocco 1
On what date, was the 100th case of COVID-19 reported from each country in Northern Africa?
<- northern_africa %>%
first_cases_northern_africa_data group_by(country) %>%
mutate(cumulative_cases=cumsum(cases)) %>%
filter(cumulative_cases>=100) %>%
slice(1) %>%
pull(date, country)
Here we have introduced two new functions slice
and pull
slice
can be used to select specific rows from a dataset. In this case, we have added a column which is the cumulative number of cases, selected the first row after filtering the dataset to only include results where the value is greater than or equal to 100, and then selected the first row using the slice command.
An additional function is the pull
command. This is useful when you want to extract specific values from the result.
<- northern_africa %>%
first_100cases group_by(country) %>%
mutate(cumulative_cases=cumsum(cases)) %>%
filter(cumulative_cases>=100) %>%
slice(1) %>%
pull(date, country)
4.7.2 Using the results in RMarkdown
RStudio has a powerful tool for writing documents called RMarkdown. These slides were written in RMarkdown and there are many resources online built using the same approach.
One major benefit of RMarkdown is that is an excellent tool for reproducible research
RMarkdown will not be covered during this training but there are excellent resources online providing walkthrough guides.
Here is one example:
If we write this text
-19 case recorded in Northern Africa was in `r first_cases_northern_africa %>% pull(country)` on `r first_cases_northern_africa %>% pull(date)`. The first COVID
it will work through the functions and this is the result
The first COVID-19 case recorded in Northern Africa was in Egypt on 2020-02-14.
If you were to re-run the report with data from eastern Africa, the figures will update based on the funcitons you have instructed R to do. This is very helpful when there are multiple people working on a report which needs to be run at regular intervals.
4.7.3 Moving averages
The dataset is currently set up so that each row contains information on the number of recorded COVID-19 cases for a specific date for a specified country. One calculation which we may be interested in is the overall trend of case numbers over a period of time. For this, we can calculate cumulative values and averages to identify any trends in the data.
To demonstrate this, we will filter the dataset to only include 1 country - in this case, Morocco.
<- northern_africa %>%
morocco_covid_cases filter(country=="Morocco")
When data are collected on a daily basis, it can be helpful to apply functions to improve the interpretation of trends which may be present in the data. For example, with this COVID dataset, data are available for 489 days between January 1, 2020 & May 3, 2021. There will be some days when 0 cases are reported and there will be some days when many more cases are reported. Some of these differences may be due to delays in reporting cases if ,for example, reporting does not take place at the weekend.
There are a number of functions in the zoo
package which can help us to partially account for reporting delays.
<IP_ADDRESS> Rolling seven-day average (mean) of cases
::p_load(zoo)
pacman<- morocco_covid_cases %>%
morocco_covid_cases_mean mutate(cases_7day_mean=rollmean(cases,k=7, fill=NA))
We have now created a new variable which calculates the 7-day moving average of cases. In the visualisation session of this training, we will compare the graphs of cases to the seven-day moving average to show the difference between the two indicators.
If you wanted to calculate a moving average over a longer time period, you can adjust the number after k=
<- morocco_covid_cases %>%
morocco_covid_cases_mean mutate(cases_7day_mean=rollmean(cases,k=7, fill=NA)) %>%
mutate(cases_14day_mean=rollmean(cases,k=14,fill=NA))


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Located just 30 minutes from Baguio City, Strawberry Farm "opens it doors" for the activity from November to May every year.
The rates for strawberry picking vary. In general, it costs twice the market price to pick your own strawberries, which folks find strange, especially those who have tried apple or orange picking in orchards in other countries thinking they provide "free labor."
The difference here is that strawberries are a very delicate fruit compared to apples and oranges and a lot are actually ruined or wasted when harvested by 'amateurs.' So half the cost is for the strawberries, and the other half is for the activity itself. There's no minimum amount per person, by the way, they just weigh how much you all have picked together and you're charged for it.
All in all, strawberry picking "Baguio style" is an experience well worth it as it is the stuff that warm childhood memories are made of -- priceless even!


10
1 The army of Philistia again fought against the Israelites. The Israelite soldiers ran away from them, and many Israelites were killed on Mount Gilboa.
2 The soldiers of Philistia caught up with Saul and his sons, and they killed his sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua.
3 The fighting was very fierce around Saul, and the archers shot Saul and wounded him severely.
4 Saul said to the man who was carrying his weapons, "Take out your sword and kill me with it, in order that these heathen Philistines will not be able to injure me further and make fun of me while I am dying." But the man who was carrying Saul's weapons was terrified and refused to do that. So Saul took his own sword and fell on it and died.
5 When the man carrying his weapons saw that Saul was dead, he also threw himself on his own sword and died.
6 So Saul and three of his sons all died, and none of his descendants ever became king.
7 When the Israelites who were living in the valley saw that their army had run away and that Saul and his three sons were dead, they left their towns and ran away. Then the soldiers from Philistia came and occupied those towns.
8 The next day, when the Philistines came to take away the weapons of the dead Israelite soldiers, they found the corpses of Saul and his three sons on Mount Gilboa.
9 They took the clothes off Saul's corpse and cut off his head and took it and Saul's armor.
10 Then they sent messengers throughout their land, to proclaim the news throughout their own area, to their idols and to the other people. They put Saul's armor in the temple where their idols were, and they hung Saul's head in the temple of their god Dagon.
11 All the people who lived in Jabesh in the region of Gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul's corpse.
12 So the bravest men of Jabesh went and got the corpses of Saul and his sons and brought them back to Jabesh. They buried their bones under a large tree in Jabesh. Then the people of Jabesh fasted for seven days.
13 Saul died because he did not faithfully obey what Yahweh told him to do. He even went to a woman who talks to the spirits of dead people and asked her what he should do,
14 instead of asking Yahweh what he should do. So Yahweh caused him to die, and he appointed David son of Jesse, to be the king of Israel.


weird issue with dropped items
Posted: Tue Aug 26, 2008 6:14 pm
dropped items have this crazy red stuff going all over the place.
However i'm defiantly having fun testing! Great game! Shortly after this screenshot i got the "blue screen" and had to close
However i'm defiantly having fun testing! Great game! Shortly after this screenshot i got the "blue screen" and had to close


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#include <hwlib-color.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| constexpr bool | is_transparent () const |
| return whether the color is transparent | |
| uint_fast32_t | rgb () const |
| constexpr | color (color_special special) |
| constexpr | color (uint_fast32_t red, uint_fast32_t green, uint_fast32_t blue) |
| constexpr | color (uint_fast32_t rgb32=0) |
| constexpr color | operator- (void) const |
| return the negative of a color | |
| constexpr color | operator/ (int n) const |
| return a color divided by a value (reduced intensity) | |
| constexpr bool | operator== (const color c) const |
| reports whether two colors are equal | |
| constexpr bool | operator!= (const color c) const |
| reports whether two colors are unequal | |
| constexpr color | specify (const color &c) const |
| return ourselves, or c when we are unspecified | |
Public Attributes | |
| color_special | special |
| uint8_t | red |
| the RED attribute (part) of the color | |
| uint8_t | green |
| the GREEN attribute (part) of the color | |
| uint8_t | blue |
| the BLUE attribute (part) of the color | |
color
This class abstracts a color as used in a graphics window. A color can either be the special value default or transparent, or be represented by 3 RGB bytes.
|
inline |
construct a special color
This constructor can be used to construct a special color value, but better use the pre-defined constants.
|
inline |
construct a color from its RGB components
The arguments are integers, but they are clipped to the 0..255 range by the constructor.
|
inlineexplicit |
constructs a color from a three-byte integer value
For instance, color( 0xFF00FF ) is magenta.
|
inline |
the 3-byte RGB representation of the color
This function returns the RGB representation of the color. For a special color (transparent or default), the returned value will not be meaningful.
| color_special hwlib::color::special |
the special color values
When a color is default or transparent, the read green and blue attributes are meaningless.


This is a sample post to denote the features of Swift theme . The theme consists of various share plugins , feedburner support , sitemap generation etc. You can configure the blog in similar way you use a word press blog
Basic
Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit, amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.
- lorem
- ipsum
- dolor
- sit
Blockquote
They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.
Benjamin Franklin
Code
static void asyncEnabled(Dict* args, void* vAdmin, String* txid, struct Allocator* requestAlloc)
{
struct Admin* admin = Identity_check((struct Admin*) vAdmin);
int64_t enabled = admin->asyncEnabled;
Dict d = Dict_CONST(String_CONST("asyncEnabled"), Int_OBJ(enabled), NULL);
Admin_sendMessage(&d, txid, admin);
}
Image


Hot Jobs
Recent Jobs
Popular Jobs
Categorie
All
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Full Time
{{task.offertasksolution.title}}
{{task.offertasksolution.poste}}
{{task.offertasksolution.location}}
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${{task.offertasksolution.cost}} - $6,000
{{task.offertasksolution.title}}
{{task.offertasksolution.poste}}
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Loop
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Loop
San Francisco, CA, US
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Dig File
San Francisco, CA, US
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$5,000 - $6,000
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Dig File
San Francisco, CA, US
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$5,000 - $6,000
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San Francisco, CA, US
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$5,000 - $6,000
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Families
San Francisco, CA, US
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$5,000 - $6,000
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Posted Oct 09, 2017
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Humanity Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
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$5,000 - $6,000
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Humanity Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
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$5,000 - $6,000
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Posted 10 day ago
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Pencil
San Francisco, CA, US
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$5,000 - $6,000
Design Associate
Pencil
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Full Time
Posted 23 hours ago
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Project Manager
Sky Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Project Manager
Sky Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Freelance
Posted 1 day ago
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Design Consultant
Owl
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Design Consultant
Owl
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Part Time
Posted 10 day ago
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Graphic Designer
Fox
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Graphic Designer
Fox
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Full Time
Posted Oct 09, 2017
Full Time
Graphic Designer
Fox
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Graphic Designer
Fox
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Full Time
Posted Oct 09, 2017
Part Time
Design Associate
Loop
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Design Associate
Loop
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Part Time
Posted 1 day ago
Full Time
Project Manager
Dig File
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Project Manager
Dig File
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Full Time
Posted 23 hours ago
Freelance
Graphic Designer
Humanity Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Graphic Designer
Humanity Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Freelance
Posted 10 day ago
Full Time
Design Consultant
Families
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Design Consultant
Families
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Full Time
Posted Oct 09, 2017
Freelance
Design Associate
Pencil
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Design Associate
Pencil
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Freelance
Posted 23 hours ago
Part Time
Design Consultant
Owl
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Design Consultant
Owl
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Part Time
Posted 10 day ago
Full Time
Project Manager
Sky Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Project Manager
Sky Creative
San Francisco, CA, US
Mid Level
$5,000 - $6,000
Full Time
Posted 1 day ago


Displays an individual product from a given catalogue on a web page according to the Individual Product - Small layout.
{module_product,catID,prodID,targetFrame}
The {module_product} module is always rendered using either the Individual Product - Small layout or the backup one. The site visitor is redirected to the product detail view (rendered using the Individual Product - Large layout) only after clicking one of the links outputted by one of these tags: {tag_button,Your Text}, {tag_name} or {tag_itemurl_withhost}.
{module_product,591,166845,_blank }
- will display a single product according to the Individual Product - Small. If one clicks the product link the product detail window will open in a new tab.{module_product,63882,5450055,_top template="/layouts/custom/productfeaturelist.tpl"}
- this rendes an individual product a custom template.


Modals Examples
Modal Type
Example
Basic
Show Me
Custom Width
Show Me
Full Width
Show Me
Confirm to Close
Show Me
Long Modal
Show Me
Responsive Modal
Show Me
Ajax Modal
Show Me
×
Basic Modal
Hello I am a Modal!
×
Custom Width Modal
Any type of width can be applied.
×
Full width
Its about 100%
Confirm Modal
You can close this modal when you click on button only!
×
Long Height Modal
×
Modal Content is Responsive
Name
Surname
Address
City
Country
Zip
Personal Info
×
Dynamic Content
Content is loading...


Deluge Remote for Chrome - v
Configuration
Basic Setup
Address
http
https
://
:
/
/
Password
Link Handling
Handle .torrent links
Handle magnet links
(versions 1.3.4 and up only)
Enable context menu
Extras
Badge timeout
How long to show add/fail when adding torrents/magnets
100ms
250ms
500ms
1s
2s
5s
Debug mode
Cancel
OK
Apply


To be able to build Plexus applications and runtimes you'll need:
TODO: Make a link to the maven site that explains what a archetype is.
Some stub directories will be created:
$ mvn archetype:create \ -DarchetypeGroupId=org.codehaus.plexus \ -DarchetypeArtifactId=plexus-archetype-application \ -DarchetypeVersion=1.0-alpha-1-SNAPSHOT \ -DgroupId=mygroup \ -DartifactId=my-application \ -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT \ -Dpackage=my.app
You need to add the following dependency in /my-application pom:
<dependency> <groupId>mygroup</groupId> <artifactId>my-component</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency>
and in src/conf/application.xml, add this so the Plexus component will be loaded at startup:
<load-on-start> <component> <role>mygroup.HelloWorld</role> </component> </load-on-start>
To build the application simply type in /my-application:
$ mvn plexus-appserver:assemble-app
and you should have a application in target/plexus-application. Inside the exploded application there will be two directories: conf and lib. The conf directory contains the configuration file for your application and lib contains all the dependencies the application has.
If you want to do some extra processing on these files or possibly add your own files you can have a plugin with a post goal on plexus:app and it would be invoked before the application was packaged.
If you now run the plexus-appserver:package-app goal:
$ mvn plexus-appserver:package-app
the resulting JAR file will be ready for deployment in a Plexus runtime. Our example application JAR will be target/my-application-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar.
you can run the above commands in one:
$ mvn install
Creating the stub runtime is as easy as creating the application:
$ mvn archetype:create \ -DarchetypeGroupId=org.codehaus.plexus \ -DarchetypeArtifactId=plexus-archetype-runtime \ -DarchetypeVersion=1.0-alpha-1-SNAPSHOT \ -DgroupId=mygroup \ -DartifactId=my-runtime \ -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT \ -Dpackage=my.runtime
$ mvn package
You should now have a usable runtime in target/plexus-runtime and a packaged runtime in target/my-runtime-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar. Now lets copy over the application:
$ cp ../my-application/target/my-application-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \ target/plexus-app-runtime/apps
You can also add a dependency on my-application in the my-runtime pom, so it won't be necessary to copy the application manually in the runtime.
<dependency> <groupId>mygroup</groupId> <artifactId>my-application</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <type>plexus-application</type> </dependency>
Now you have a working Plexus runtime with your application installed. To start it run:
$ sh target/plexus-app-runtime/bin/plexus.sh
Hopefully you should now have a runtime running with. The message "Starting Hello Component." sended by my-component at startup must appears in logs.
Plexus runtimes can have a set of services thats shared between the applications. One very useful service is a servlet container. This enables several isolated applications to share the same Jetty instance without the need for complicated Apache HTTPD proxy setups. The servlet container service will all the web in a configured directory. The application contains a commented out configuration section for the servlet container which you must uncomment so the service would be enabled.
NOTE: This example assumes that you have the runtime that was created in the last section.
First add the service dependency into the runtime:
<dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId> <artifactId>plexus-appserver-service-jetty</artifactId> <version>2.0-alpha-1</version> <type>plexus-service</type> </dependency>
Now we need to add a web application to the application. As a simple web application we're using the Jetty JavaDocs. Add this in my-application pom:
<dependency> <groupId>jetty</groupId> <artifactId>javadoc</artifactId> <version>4.2.23RC0</version> <type>war</type> </dependency>
Now we need to configure the servlet container service so it knows where to find the web applications. In src/conf/application.xml uncomment the servlet container section. Now bundle the application again:
$ mvn install
We suppose there you added my-application dependency in my-runtime pom. Execute this commands from /my-runtime
$ mvn package
Now when the application server is started again it should
So lets start it:
$ sh target/plexus-app-runtime/bin/plexus.sh
And open your browser to http://localhost:8080/


@(url: String, booking: Booking)(implicit session: Session) @main("Payment") { @* //userid*@
| Item | Quantity | Price | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Tickets | @booking.adult_tickets | £12.50 Per Ticket | £@("%.2f".format(booking.adult_tickets * 12.50)) |
| Child Tickets | @booking.children_tickets | £8.50 Per Ticket | £@("%.2f".format(booking.children_tickets * 8.50)) |
| Concession Tickets | @booking.concession_tickets | £5.00 Per Ticket | £@("%.2f".format(booking.concession_tickets * 5.00)) |
| Total | @(booking.adult_tickets + booking.children_tickets + booking.concession_tickets) | £@{ "%.2f".format((booking.adult_tickets * 12.50) + (booking.children_tickets * 8.50) + (booking.concession_tickets * 5)) } |


My Visits
- Online Consult
- DOCTOR REVIEW
- APPROVE PROGRAM
Skin care
By turning on this toggle, I agree to receive texts from RMD and/or Tripathi to<PHONE_NUMBER> that might be considered marketing and that may be sent using an auto dialer. I understand that agreeing is not required to purchase.
- Online Consult
- DOCTOR REVIEW
- APPROVE PROGRAM
Erectile dysfunction treatment
You completed an annual visit on Sep 30. You’re all set with your doctor!
PROVIDER
Dr. Alice Brown
TREATMENT
Sildenafil


Setting up the database
The asset package provides a modifiable editor script which will setup the game, achievements and leaderboards in the database. The SeedSUGARDatabase.cs script is found in "Assets/Plugins/SUGAR/Scripts". To run the script, select Tools > Seed SUGAR Database. This will show a popup to login as admin.
In it's default state, the script will connect to the database specified in the base address field of the SUGAR Unity manager component and update the Game Id field with the row that matches the Game Token. If such a token does not exist in the database, a new entry will be made and that enty's Id will be placed into the Game Id field.
To set up achievements and leaderboards, some editing of the script is required.
The CreateAchievements() function contains a commented out template for creating an achievements. Multiple achievements can be made by duplicating the code. For information about each of the required fields please refer to the Evalutation Criteria section.
The CreateLeaderboards() function has the same purpose but for generating leaderboards. Please refer to the LeaderboardStandings section for my information.


EUR/USD drops to lows near 1.1060, focus shifts to FOMC
by Pablo Piovano- EUR/USD comes under pressure and tests 1.1060.
- The 1.1080/90 band remains a key barrier.
- German Producer Prices surprised to the downside.
The single currency is now under renewed downside pressure and drags EUR/USD to fresh 2-day lows in the 1.1060 region.
EUR/USD weaker on trade concerns, looks to FOMC
The pair is interrupting a 4-day positive streak on Wednesday in response to the pick-up in the demand for the greenback, increasing risk off sentiment and the broad-based decline in bond yields both in the US and in the Old Continent.
In the meantime, another failed attempt to break above the 1.1080/90 band has motivated sellers to return to the markets and collaborate with the ongoing knee-jerk.
In the docket, German Producer Prices missed consensus earlier in the day after contracting at a monthly 0.2% during October and 0.6% from a year earlier. Later in the day, the FOMC are expected to grab all the attention.
What to look for around EUR
Spot met strong resistance in the 1.1080/90 band for the time being while it keeps looking to USD-dynamics and headlines from the US-China trade front for direction. On the macro view, the outlook in Euroland remains fragile and does nothing but justify the ‘looser for longer’ monetary stance by the ECB and the bearish view on the single currency in the medium term at least. In this regard, all the looks will be upon the release of November’s preliminary PMIs later in the week.
EUR/USD levels to watch
At the moment, the pair is losing 0.17% at 1.1059 and a breach of 1.0989 (monthly low Nov.14) would target 1.0925 (low Sep.3) en route to 1.0879 (2019 low Oct.1). On the upside, the initial barrier emerges at 1.1089 (high Nov.18) followed by 1.1174 (200-day SMA) and finally 1.1179 (monthly high Oct.21).


Sweet Free Stuff
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Free, one-night DVD rental - Enter code: TYTY7676 (online or via Redbox
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This is a resubmission. In this version, I have added examples on usage of each of the country PPI tables as suggested by CRAN.
I have run checks given all these changes with results below:
0 errors | 0 warnings | 1 note
This is a new release, so there are no reverse/downstream dependencies.
This is a resubmission. In this version, the following changes have been made based on CRAN comments made to previous submission:
I have changed nomenclature of PPI tables in the package as suggested. I have also added the naming syntax in the README to describe the nomenclature accordingly
Thank you for the suggestion. I had this in mind initially but decided to create a separate package that computes the PPI score for the following reasons:
- The 10 questions used to provide data to create a PPI score and to which
the reference tables can be used to get the poverty probability is
country-specific so the functions I am currently making requires
country-specific calculations. I have completed 20 of the 60 country
calculation functions already and aiming to complete all but thought that
having the tables available for other separately can facilitate immediate
usage without having to wait for the calculation functions.
- As mentioned in the previous CRAN comments, the PPI tables will most
likely change quite often whilst the functions to calculate will be very much
the same over time. I felt it would be more straighforward to maintain a
separate package for the tables as it requires more updating as compared to
the calculation functions.
- Finally, I wanted to be able to clearly demarcate LICENSE for the PPI tables
as being CCO (I have made a mistake with the earlier submission and have put
the PPI tables as MIT license which I have meant for the calculation package)
as specified by the developers of the tables.
I am aiming to finish the calculation package in the next week which will have a dependency on the tables package.
I am hoping this is acceptable and sensible approach?
The PPI doesn’t have publications per se but instead a website by the maintainers which is the International Poverty Action (IPA). Hence, I referenced their website on the DESCRIPTION.
I have also made additional updates and changes from previous version based on some editorial mistakes I’ve made from previous version:
I missed adding Ecuador and Pakistan PPI tables. They are now included.
I cleaned up documentation of each country table to become very informative to user
I have changed LICENSE from MIT to CC0 which is more appropriate
I have run checks given all these changes with results below:
0 errors | 0 warnings | 1 note
This is a new release, so there are no reverse/downstream dependencies.


From 2016 to 2017,our first long travel.
I fare height but just fall in love with you.
My second school called Peizheng,your's called SCNU.
Remix version.


node-zillow
Node wrapper for the Zillow API
Getting Started
Install the module with: npm install node-zillow
var Zillow = require('node-zillow');
//Instantiate
var zillow = new Zillow('your zws-id', options);
var your-zws-id = process.env.ZWSID
is the recommended way
Accepted options
https - default is false
None of this will make sense without reading the Zillow API Docs
Also be sure to follow the Zillow API terms of use and branding requirements
Documentation
Methods
get
- Method for the entire zillow api
- takes the name of the api call (i.e. GetSearchResults) -- refer to the Zillow API Docs, the
lib/api-list.js
, or see below - Returns a promise with the result
- The eventual returned result is an object with the following properties:
message
,request
, and sometimesresponse
- Please Note:
response
property is NOT always included in the zillow api response
Following API Methods supported:
- GetDeepSearchResults
- GetUpdatedPropertyDetails
- GetDeepComps
- GetRateSummary
- GetMonthlyPayments
- GetDemographics
- GetRegionChildren
- GetRegionChart
- GetSearchResults
- GetZestimate
- GetChart
- GetComps
Examples
Example of all API calls through the get()
method can be found in examples
var Zillow = require('node-zillow')
var zwsid = process.env.ZWSID
var zillow = new Zillow(zwsid)
var parameters = {
zpid: 1111111
};
zillow.get('GetZestimate', parameters)
.then(function(results) {
return results;
// results here is an object { message: {}, request: {}, response: {}}
})
The following API calls are deprecated and will be removed in the 1.0.0 release. Using get()
is the recommended approach and should be able to do everthing that the legacy functions do. If you see problems with get()
, PR's and issues are welcome.
Zillow.callApi()
Zillow.getDeepSearchResults()
Zillow.getUpdatedPropertyDetails()
Zillow.getDemographics()
Contributing
This module uses promises via the Q library. Please continue to use promises. And in lieu of any further formal styleguide, take care to maintain the existing coding style. Add unit tests for any new or changed functionality. Lint and test your code using Grunt.
Contributors
Release History
- v1.0.1 - Added protocol option
- v1.0.0 - Created single method (get), updated response handling, removed all deprecated methods, updated tests
- v0.0.5 - updates
- v0.0.4 - Added error-checking and parameter checking
- v0.0.3 - Includes the following methods: callApi, getUpdatedPropertyDetails, getDeepSearchResults, getDemographics
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Richard Lucas. Licensed under the MIT license.


WEEK 33 MONDAY
Year 1 (Year 2)
FIRST READING 1 Maccabees 1:10-15.41-43.54-57.62-64
“Very great wrath came upon Israel.”
A reading from the first Book of Maccabees
In those days: There came forth a sinful root,
Antiochus Epiphanes, son of Antiochus the king; he
had been a hostage in Rome.
He began to reign in the one hundred and thirty-seventh year of the kingdom of
the Greeks. In those days lawless men came forth from Israel, and misled many, saying,
"Let us go and make a covenant with the Gentiles round about us, for since
we separated from them many evils have come upon us." This proposal
pleased them, and some of the people eagerly went to the king. He authorized
them to observe the ordinances of the Gentiles. So they built a gymnasium in Jerusalem, according to
Gentile custom, and removed the marks of circumcision, and abandoned the holy
covenant. They joined with the Gentiles and sold themselves to do evil. Then
the king wrote to his whole kingdom that all should be one people, and that
each should give up his customs. All the Gentiles accepted the command of the
king. Many even from Israel
gladly adopted his religion; they sacrificed to idols and profaned the sabbath. Now on the fifteenth day of Chislev,
in the one hundred and forty-fifth year, they erected
a desolating sacrilege upon the altar of burnt offering. They also built altars
in the surrounding cities of Judah,
and burned incense at the doors of the houses and in the streets. The books of
the law which they found they tore to pieces and burned with fire. Where the
book of the covenant was found in the possession of any one, or if any one
adhered to the law, the decree of the king condemned him to death. But many in Israel stood
firm and were resolved in their hearts not to eat unclean food. They chose to
die rather than to be defiled by food or to profane the holy covenant; and they
did die. And very great wrath came upon Israel.
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM
Ps 119:<IP_ADDRESS>.155.158 (R. see 88)
R. Give me life, O Lord, and I will keep your
commands.

Though the nets of the wicked ensnared me, your law
I did not forget.
R.

R.

Salvation is far from the wicked, who are heedless of your statutes.
R.

(Gospel Acclamation)
Year 2
FIRST READING Revelation
1:1-4; 2:1-5a
“Remember from what you have fallen, and repent.”
The beginning of the Book of Revelation
The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him
to show to his servants what must soon take place; and
he made it known by sending his angel to his servant John, who bore witness to
the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, even to all that he saw.
Blessed is he who reads aloud the words of the prophecy, and blessed are those
who hear, and who keep what is written therein; for the time is near. John to
the seven churches that are in Asia: Grace to
you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the
seven spirits who are before his throne. [I heard the Lord saying to me:]
"To the angel of the church in Ephesus
write: 'The words of him who holds the seven stars in his right hand, who walks
among the seven golden lampstands. "'I know your
works, your toil and your patient endurance, and how you cannot bear evil men
but have tested those who call themselves apostles but are not, and found them
to be false; I know you are enduring patiently and bearing up for my name's
sake, and you have not grown weary. But I have this against you,
that you have abandoned the love you had at first. Remember then from
what you have fallen, repent and do the works you did at first.
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM
Ps 1:1-2.3.4 and 6 (R. Revelation 2:7b)
R. To him who conquers, I will grant to eat of the tree of
life.
Blessed indeed is the
man who follows not the counsel of the wicked, nor stands in the path with
sinners, nor abides in the company of scorners, but whose delight is the law of
the LORD, and who ponders his law day and night.
R. To him who conquers, I will grant to eat of the tree of
life.
He is like a tree
that is planted beside the flowing waters, that yields its fruit in due season,
and whose leaves shall never fade; and all that he does shall prosper.
R. To him who conquers, I will grant to eat of the tree of
life.
Not so are the
wicked, not so! For they, like winnowed chaff, shall be driven away by the
wind. For the LORD knows the way of the just, but the way of the wicked will
perish.
R. To him who conquers, I will grant to eat of the tree of
life.
ALLELUIA John 8:12
R. Alleluia. I
am the light of the world, says the Lord; he who follows me will have the light
of life. R. Alleluia.
GOSPEL
Luke 18:35-43
“What do you want me to do for you? Lord, let me receive my sight.”
A reading from the holy Gospel according to Luke
It happened that, as Jesus drew near to Jericho, a blind man was
sitting by the roadside begging; and hearing a multitude going by, he inquired
what this meant. They told him, "Jesus of Nazareth is passing by."
And he cried, "Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!"  And Jesus stopped, and
commanded him to be brought to him; and when he came near, he asked him,
"What do you want me to do for you?" He said, "Lord, let me
receive my sight." And Jesus said to him, "Receive your sight; your
faith has made you well." And immediately he received his sight and
followed him, glorifying God; and all the people, when they saw it, gave praise
to God.
The Gospel of the Lord


Skate is a library designed to be an easy-to-use, minimal and performant foundation for building modular and reusable web components. It's built on the philosophy that all libraries should be focused on doing one thing well and therefore makes no assumptions about things better left to other libraries such as templating, data-binding and routing. It can be used standalone or along-side your framework of choice.
Skate uses the W3C Custom Element Spec as the basis for defining its functionality and extends it to make it easier for you to build new custom elements as well as transition your legacy components to custom elements.
Custom elements are just normal HTML elements that you give a custom name and functionality to:
The spec says that a custom element name must be hyphenated and only allows you to bind functionality to elements whose tag name matches that custom element name. With Skate, you can not only create new custom elements, but you can also define behaviour for existing elements using tag names, attribute names and class names. This means you can do things like polyfill the output
element:
or polyfill the placeholder
attribute on an input
element:
Have a buch of legacy jQuery components? No problem. In most cases you can refactor these without touching any markup. For example, you might have a jQuery tabs plugin:
You could very easily refactor this into a Skate component.
Once a Skate component, you don't have to worry about when the element is inserted to the DOM; no more manual initialsation.
Skate is available on NPM:
and Bower:
or you can download the source from GitHub.
The Skate source resides in src/
and is written using ES2015 (formerly ES6). If you're using a transpilation method, then you can import skate from 'src/index';
and use it in your projects as you would any ES6 module.
UMD files are located in the lib/
directory. Load the lib/index.js
file using the CommonJS or AMD loader of your choice.
Skate does not provide a named AMD module. You should use an optimiser such as amd-optimize or r.js that will generate this for you.
If you're still skating old school the dist/
directory contains the compiled ES5 source. The compiled source does not use a module loader; everything will just work. Access Skate as a global with window.skate
.
The global is always set no matter what and will trump any existing globals stored under window.skate
. If you're using multiple versions of Skate on the same page, use a module format if possible. If it is not possible, you may call skate.noConflict()
to restore the previous global and return the current one.
Underneath the hood, Skate will use native custom elements if the following criteria is met:
document.registerElement()
.ELEMENT
binding type.In all other instances Skate will use a MutationObserver
to polyfill the same behaviour. In browsers that do not have native support for Mutation Observers, Skate will polyfill it internally.
When using native vs polyfilled components, the element's lifecycle is handled differently.
An element's lifecycle consists of three stages. The following describes the stages as they behave when using native custom elements:
When these lifecycle stages are polyfilled, they behave differently because Mutation Observers batch mutations and fire asynchronously. Mutation Observers also only fire when an element is inserted to the document, which means an element's lifecycle cannot be handled until after it has been inserted into the document and cannot be handled synchronously.
When polyfilled, each lifecycle stage behaves as follows:
This isn't just Skate specific; all custom element polyfills have these quirks.
In both native and polyfilled, the attached and detached stages will be called for every time you insert or remove an element from the DOM.
In order to get around these inconsistencies, and to provide a bit of sugar in how elements are created, Skate gives you a common way to create any type of element:
This is like document.createElement()
except that it will always ensure your element is initialsed synchronously before returning. It also only ever requires one argument instead of making you remember which arguments - and in what order - need to be passed to document.createElement()
depending on how your element was registered.


This is a Header
Here is some text with a link.
Collapsible set with 4 sections:
Section 1
I'm the content in section 1.
Section 2
I'm the content in section 2.
Section 3
I'm the content in section 3.
Section 4
I'm the content in section 4.
Here is some text with a link.
Collapsible set with 4 sections:
I'm the content in section 1.
I'm the content in section 2.
I'm the content in section 3.
I'm the content in section 4.


Before Change
gt_avg = RunningAverage()
for sample in input.samples:
log_avg.add(sample.log_reward)
weight = (
sample.tgt_action_probabilities[sample.log_action]
/ sample.log_action_probabilities[sample.log_action]
)
weight = self._weight_clamper(weight)
dm_action_reward, dm_reward = self._calc_dm_reward(
input.action_space, sample
)
tgt_avg.add((sample.log_reward - dm_action_reward) * weight + dm_reward)
gt_avg.add(sample.ground_truth_reward)
return EstimatorResult(
log_avg.average, tgt_avg.average, gt_avg.average, tgt_avg.count
)
After Change
log_avg = RunningAverage()
logged_vals = []
tgt_avg = RunningAverage()
tgt_vals = []
gt_avg = RunningAverage()
for sample in input.samples:
log_avg.add(sample.log_reward)
logged_vals.append(sample.log_reward)
dm_action_reward, dm_reward = self._calc_dm_reward(
input.action_space, sample
)
tgt_result = 0.0
weight = 0.0
if sample.log_action is not None:
weight = (
0.0
if sample.log_action_probabilities[sample.log_action]
< PROPENSITY_THRESHOLD
else sample.tgt_action_probabilities[sample.log_action]
/ sample.log_action_probabilities[sample.log_action]
)
weight = self._weight_clamper(weight)
assert dm_action_reward is not None
assert dm_reward is not None
tgt_result += (
sample.log_reward - dm_action_reward
) * weight + dm_reward
else:
tgt_result = dm_reward
tgt_avg.add(tgt_result)
tgt_vals.append(tgt_result)
gt_avg.add(sample.ground_truth_reward)
(
tgt_score,
tgt_score_normalized,


{{ self.title() }}
Example Record
{{ example_record|safe }}
Configure Map / Reduce
Mapping and reducing... this might take a little while.
Please be patient.
{% extends "_base.html" %}
{% block title %}Map Reduce for Collection: {{ collection_name }}{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
Mapping and reducing... this might take a little while. Please be patient.{{ self.title() }}
Example Record
{{ example_record|safe }}
Configure Map / Reduce