Getting started with Thor
Thor contains two scripts - startThor and servicestartThor
startThor is a normal script started from the command line
servicestartThor runs Thor under the Jini Service Starter framework
Upgrading Thor
If you are running Thor beta3 or earlier, you should use the serviceUI to export your tree to XML, and then change your new version 1.0 configuration file (xmlfile config entry),
to point to the exported xml, and, if you have one, move the backstore file in <thor1.0_root>/data/<name of your thor instance>.backstore to
another directory. Thor will automatically detect that an existing tree is not available and will use the xmlfile to recreate the tree


- Some buttons will not be visible to the customer
-
- Make : {{vehicle.make}}
- Model : {{vehicle.model}}
- Year : {{vehicle.year}}
-
Details
- Performance
- 0-60: {{vehicle.performance.zeroToSixty}}
- Top Speed: {{vehicle.performance.topSpeed}}
- Engine Power: {{vehicle.performance.enginePower}}
- Power RPM: {{vehicle.performance.maximumEnginePowerRPM}}
- Torque: {{vehicle.performance.engineTorque}}
- Torque RPM: {{vehicle.performance.maximumEngineTorque}}
- Emissions
- CO2 Emissions: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Euro Emissions: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Engine and Drive Train
- FuelType: {{vehicle.engineAndDriveTrain.fuelType}}
- Capacity: {{vehicle.engineAndDriveTrain.capacity}}
- Gears: {{vehicle.engineAndDriveTrain.gears}}
- Number of Valves: {{vehicle.engineAndDriveTrain.numberOfValves}}
- Transmission: {{vehicle.engineAndDriveTrain.transmission}}
- Fuel Consumption
- EC Combined: {{vehicle.fuelConsumption.eCCombined}}
- EC Urban: {{vehicle.fuelConsumption.eCExtraUrban}}
- EC Extra Urban: {{vehicle.fuelConsumption.eCUrban}}
- Warranty
- Paintwork: {{vehicle.warranty.paintworkWarrantyMonths}}
- Service Interval: {{vehicle.warranty.serviceIntervalFrequencyMonths}}
- Service Mileage: {{vehicle.warranty.serviceIntervalMileage}}
- Warranty Miles: {{vehicle.warranty.standardManufacturersWarrantyMiles}}
- Warranty Years: {{vehicle.warranty.standardManufacturersWarrantyYears}}
- Insurance & Protection
- Insurance Group: {{vehicle.ip.insuranceGroup}}
- Adult NCAP: {{vehicle.ip.nCAPAdultOccupantProtection}}
- Child NCAP: {{vehicle.ip.nCAPChildOccupantProtection}}
- Pedestrian NCAP: {{vehicle.ip.nCAPPedestrianProtection}}
- Safety Assist: {{vehicle.ip.nCAPSafetyAssist}}
- Overall Rating: {{vehicle.ip.nCAPOverallRating}}
- Tyres
- Tyre Size Front: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Tyre Size Rear: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Dimensions
- Height: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Length: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Wheelbase: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Width: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Capacities
- Fuel Capacity: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Gross Weight: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Luggage Cap SD: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Luggage Cap SU: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Max. Tow: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Max. Tow braked: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- No. of Seats: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Turning Circle: {{vehicle.emissions.cO2Emissions}}
- Performance
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.


Conflict
January 2, 2015
On one occasion I had a conflict with my downstairs neighbor. They were playing their music loudly at night. I sent this person an email the following morning letting them know I could hear their music and asking them to kindly keep it down at night. They responded that I just needed to come downstairs and tell them that their music was too loud when necessary, and they'd comply.
Looking back at the conflict, it's clear that the source of it was the loud music and my response to it. When I think about the conflict, I feel disrespected. The action I took to resolve the conflict, sending an email the next morning, only resulted in further disregard for my personal (ear) space. If I could go back, I think I would make it more clear how disrespected I felt, not necessarily angry. I would also make it more clear that if there were any sounds that our neighbor noticed and reported, I would try my best ot get rid of them. I think an honest response about how I was feeling, as well as a clear concession on my part, would have alleviated my neighbor's brash response.
In conclusion, I think I learned that I need to express myself clearly, in terms that are not emotionally laden, but still express how I am feeling in the situation at hand. I need to offer a reasonable solution from the beginning. It is important to have an honest and respectful resolution planned from the outset of the conflict, if possible. Most importantly, by talking about the conflict honestly, it gives offenders a chance to recognize why one is upset and is less likely to make them defensive.


THE FIFTH ELEMENT A film review by David Wilcock Copyright 1997 David Wilcock
Directed by Luc Besson Starring Bruce Willis and Gary Oldman A Columbia Release
The film Luc Besson had been wanting to make for ages is finally here. And, its good fun! This film wa poorly recieved in America, with many people saying that it was just 'rubbish.' But I found it enjoyable, cheesy rubbish. The film is knows it is cheesy, and never takes itself seriously, which is what saves this film. If the film was serious the whole way through, this would of been one of the worst films of 1997. Willis plays a cab driver in the future, who is just driving along until a young woman smashes through the roof. She turns out to be the 'fifth element', who will save the earth from a planet heading straight for it. However, they must stop Oldman from getting the her, otherwise the whole world will be destroyed! Cheesy, eh? But the film makes up for its dreadful plot, with it sense of humour, and its very good speacial effects. Some of the effects are incredible. Willis gives his usual 'John Maclane' performance, Oldman is just crazy, and there is a D.J later on who did nothing but annoy me. But, generally, the peformances are very good.
Overall, then, I found this film very enjoyable sci-fi hokum. Recommended.
Overall Rating=**** out of ***** =============================== DAVID WILCOCK<EMAIL_ADDRESS>WILCOCK MOVIE PAGE: http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/9061
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


The following predicate functions are used with instances.
INSTANCE-ADDRESSP
INSTANCE-EXISTP
INSTANCE-NAMEP
INSTANCEP


Clients
Additional Options
Filter by Host
Filter by Source
Filter by Severity
ERROR
WARN
INFO
Timestamp
Message
Source
Severity


-
Pinhole camera model - a C++ implementation
Camera is the starting point of perceiving the world, and it is one of the most components in the computer vision/graphics library. This post discusses the implementation of a pinhole camera model WITHOUT lens distortion. Please refer to camera part 3 for camera with lens distortion.
-
Interpretation of transformations and the relation with the coordinate system
This is a post of useful notes and tricks on transformation for future reference.
-
Camera models
This post give an introduction to various camera models, and specifically focuses on the pinhole camera model.
-
Depth map estimation using multi-view stereo
This post talks about the algorithmic details and implementation of depth map estimation using multi-view stereo technique. The method is proposed in Secion 5, 6 of the paper Multi-View Stereo for Community Photo Collections (pdf). The MVE has a C++ implementation of the algorithms (source code).
-
挚爱音乐 - 周杰伦
到了今天，几乎每个人都会说一句：我是听着周杰伦的歌长大的。至于真实与否，见仁见智。但也足见周杰伦的额音乐在我们这一代人的成长中扮演多么重要的角色。到现在还记得小时候问我姐的一个问题，至于为什么我还记得我真心是不知道。
-
Paper list (Constantly updating)
This is the main page for the papers that I’ve read and summrized, the format of summary is as below
-
Book list (Constantly updating)
Computer vision/graphics
-
Physics-based vision
Since I first got exposed to this topic - physics based vision, there is only one thing in my mind: it’s hard, and I hate it. Yet, I spent a lot of time reading textbooks, articles, papers, trying to understand the intuition and math. But this area is so vastly broad and after a while, the only recollection I had started to fade away. That’s why I decided to write this post, put down everything that I can or cannot understand.
-
Methods for non-linear least squares problems
The content in this post is not original, the reference list is at the end of the post.
-
喜欢的话
UNIX is simple, it just takes a genius to understand its simplicity. — Dennis Ritchie


Use the information in this lesson and the component how-to sections to help you complete these questions and exercises.
Question 1: Find the component that best fits each of the following needs. Write down both the components common name (such as frame) and find the component's how-to page online. [Hint: You can use A Visual Index to the Swing Components to help you answer this question.]
Question 1a: A component that lets the user
pick a color.
Answer 1a: color
chooser
Question 1b: A component that displays an icon,
but that doesnt react to user clicks.
Answer 1b: label
Question 1c: A component that looks like a
button and that, when pressed, brings up a menu of items for the user to
choose from.
Answer 1c: uneditable
combo box
Question 1d: A container that looks like a
frame, but that appears (usually with other, similar containers) within
a real frame.
Answer 1d: internal
frame
Question 1e: A container that lets the user
determine how two components share a limited amount of space.
Answer 1e: split
pane
Question 2: Which method do you
use to add a menu bar to a top-level container such as a JFrame
?
Answer 2: setJMenuBar
Question 3: Which method do you
use to specify the default button for a top-level container such
as a JFrame
or JDialog
?
Answer 3: JRootPane
's setDefaultButton
method. (You get the top-level container's root pane using the getRootPane
method defined by the RootPaneContainer
interface, which every
top-level container implements.)
Question 4: Which method do you
use to enable and disable components such as JButton
s?
What class is it defined in?
Answer 4: setEnabled
,
which is defined in the Component
class
Question 5a: Which Swing components use ListSelectionModel
?
[Hint: The Use link at the top of the specification for
each interface and class takes you to a page showing where in the API that
interface or class is referenced.]
Answer 5a: JList
and JTable
Question 5b: Do those components
use any other models to handle other aspects of the components
state? If so, list the other models types.
Answer 5b: JList
also uses a ListModel
,
which holds the list's data. JTable
uses a TableModel
to hold its data and a TableColumnModel
to manage the table's
columns.
Question 6: Which type of model
holds a text components content?
Answer 6: Document
Exercise 1. Implement a program
with a GUI that looks like the one shown below. Put the main
method in a class named MyDemo1
.
Answer 1: See MyDemo1.java
.
Here's the code that adds the bold, italicized text:
JLabel label = new JLabel("My Demo"); frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, label); label.setFont(label.getFont().deriveFont(Font.ITALIC | Font.BOLD)); label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER)
Exercise 2. Make a copy of MyDemo1.java
named MyDemo2.java
. Add a menu bar to MyDemo2
.
Answer 2: See MyDemo2.java
.
The menu bar can be implemented
with this code:
JMenu menu = new JMenu("Menu"); JMenuBar mb = new JMenuBar(); mb.add(menu); frame.setJMenuBar(mb);
Exercise 3. Copy MyDemo1.java
to MyDemo3.java
. Add a button (JButton
) to MyDemo3.java
.
Make it the default button.
Answer 3: See MyDemo3.java
.
Here's the code that adds the button
and makes it the default button:
JButton b = new JButton("A button"); frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.PAGE_END, b); frame.getRootPane().setDefaultButton(b);


The Straight Story (1999) 4 stars out of 4. Starring William Farnsworth, Sissy Spacek, Everett McGill and Harry Dean Stanton. Directed by David Lynch.
The simplicity and sincerity of "The Straight Story" will put a stranglehold on your soul.
It's a movie that celebrates determination, love and life. It is one of those events that will cradle you in its warmth and caress you with its generosity of spirit.
"The Straight Story" is a feature that overwhelms you with its lack of pretense. It's unassuming art like a Grandma Moses painting or a Norman Rockwell drawing.
And it's protagonist, Alvin Straight, is a man who could have stepped out of one of those Rockwell works.
As portrayed by Richard Farnsworth, Straight is as leathery as an old saddle and as intransigent as Mount Rushmore. His character befits his name. He is a frank, honest man, quiet-spoken with an economy of words. He says little, but speaks volumes.
"The Straight Story," which is based on a true incident, follows Alvin as the 73-year-old decides to travel from his home in Laurens, Iowa, to Mount Zion, Wis., to visit his estranged brother, Lyle, who has been felled by a stroke.
Alvin and Lyle had a falling out about 10 years earlier and Alvin feels he must make things right.
However, Alvin is not in the best of health himself. He walks with the support of two canes and can't see well enough to drive.
So Alvin, fueled only by his determination, sets out on his 1966 John Deere riding lawnmower to cover the approximate 350 miles to Lyle's.
Alvin refuses help from those around him, including his beloved daughter, Rose (Sissy Spacek). This is a trip he feels he must make on his own terms. It is a kind of penance, he believes.
Along the way, Alvin meets various people, among them a runaway, pregnant teen-ager whom he teaches the value of family, and a good Samaritan former John Deere dealer who helps him out when his mower runs into problems.
"The Straight Story" is directed by David Lynch, the man who has given us such dark and perverse movies as "Eraserhead," "The Elephant Man," "Blue Velvet" and "Lost Highway."
It turns out Lynch is as talented at showing the heart of the heartland as he is the dark underbelly of society.
And "The Straight Story" is a movie with heart, lots of it. Alvin is a good man as are the people he knows and the people he meets along his journey. This is a movie that leisurely celebrates family in the all-encompassing sense of the word.
Lynch has us ambling along with Alvin as he travels at 5 mph on the highway berm drinking in the beauty of the land and the stars. This is a reflective movie and Lynch offers us plenty of time to think about the ties that bind people.
In one of the film's loveliest sequences, Alvin offers a meal and shelter to a runaway girl. He doesn't pry into her life. He simply tells her a story. When his children were young, he says, he would have them pick up a stick and break it. Then he would take a bundle of sticks and tie them together and tell his children to try to break the bundle.
They couldn't, of course. And that, Alvin explains, is family.
The next morning the girl is gone, a bundle of sticks lying near the campfire embers.
Another powerful sequence features Alvin and another World War II veteran sitting in a bar swapping their war memories. Their shared pain can be seen in their eyes. It's here that Alvin explains that the war led him to drink, which he admits caused much pain for his family.
But he has quit drinking and put that part of his life behind him. Now he only wants to make amends.
Farnsworth, a former stuntman, best known for his roles in such films as "Comes a Horseman" (for which he received a supporting actor Oscar nomination), "The Natural" and "The Grey Fox," gives a magnificent performance. It is so warm, so tender - so human - that if does not walk off with the best actor Oscar at the next ceremony, the movie industry should toss the entire proceedings into the trash heap.
This is a once-in-a-lifetime role, one which Farnsworth was born to play. Whether dealing with a distraught woman who - because she has to travel the same road every day to get to work - has hit and killed 14 deer in seven weeks (a typical Lynchian touch), or sweetly explaining to the bickering twin mechanics who repair his riding mower the special bond of brotherhood, Farnsworth carries himself with a craggy dignity.
Ably supporting Farnsworth are Spacek as his loving daughter, Everett McGill as the John Deere dealer who gets him the wheels to make his journey, and Harry Dean Stanton as Lyle.
When the brothers finally meet, no words are necessary. Alvin and Lyle merely need to look at each other. Their expressions convey all that needs to be said.
"The Straight Story" is one of the best movies of the year, and Lynch's finest achievement. Academy Award recognition should go to the movie, Lynch, Farnsworth, the cinematography of the legendary Freddie Francis and the screenplay by John Roach and Mary Sweeney.
"The Straight Story" is that rarity, a "G"-rated movie that is a true family experience. In this instance, the "G" stands for more than "general audiences;" it connotes gem, great and genuine. "The Straight Story" is a film that will make you stand up and cheer.
Bob Bloom is the film critic at the Journal and Courier in Lafayette, IN. He can be reached by e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


The start of RinoCloud
What happens when scientists get together?
Rinocloud is a team of physicists, biologists, chemists, environmental scientists, electronic engineers and programmers from the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, University of Granada and the Tyndall National Research Institute. Team members have access to some of the best labs in the world with some of the most sophisticated instrumentation and lab automation software available. Yet we still found ourselves wasting valuable time trying to figure out optimum ways to manage data being generated from our experiments and simulations.
Take experiments, for example. Instrument software has to be configured to generate the data. This has to be interfaced to lab automation software for data analysis. The data in turn has to be configured and formatted for saving in folders in local workstations and servers - and then copied to generic cloud storage, mainly Dropbox and Google Drive. Add to this the time needed to pull all the data back from the cloud, organise it with locally stored data and then format it again so that it can be analysed by local applications. It’s not efficient!
Rinocloud: scientists data hub
- A seamless storage hub for scientific data.
- Cloud based that can be searched, shared and secured the way scientists need it.
- Integrates with incumbent systems; lab automation and data analysis software.
- Built on the user familiarity of generic solutions such as Dropbox and Google Drive.
- Notebook, plotting, collaboration features intrinsic.
- Set up in minutes.
Well, we specced and built the software based on a minimalist view of what was the Most Viable Product. We asked colleagues and friends to comment and give feedback. Three hundred volunteered to beta test for us. We now have the software running in Cambridge, Tyndall, MIT, Oxford and in universities in Spain and Japan. Not only is it working - it’s exceeding expectations and scientists are clamouring to get access. It’s solving problems that our users struggle with every day. It’s dealing with inherent inefficiencies that cost projects, funders and labs money; through inefficient use of researchers time; through less than optimal collaboration; through data getting lost or deleted; through not meeting audit and regulator standards.
It’s helping sweat lab assets by getting the most out of investment in personnel and equipment – by efficiently organizing their outputs – data. It’s meeting funders needs for audit ability. It’s meeting regulators needs for open access standards.
Over the coming weeks we will be significantly increasing the numbers of beta users. We’re trying to get a cross section of different scientific disciplines and we’re looking for experimentalists and theorists. If you want to try the software just enter your email details and as soon as a slot opens up we’ll email you with instructions.
Helena is an Environmental scientist and graduate of the University of Granada and ex Institute of Water. She is one of the founders of Rinocloud. She’s managed large multidisciplinary projects, lots of PhDs and postdoc teams and learned to deal with the lots of different ways they manage their data.


Hover the mouse over this to fire an 'entering' event children fires a new event
Hover the mouse over this to fire an 'overing' event children don't fire new events
click here with the right button to see a customized context menu


The Sea
By Brian Spiegel.
I want to show the coastline from beach, to cliff, to rock, to stone. I want to show the coastline it is made better by time and will of nature. I want to show the beach showing as the light from the sun bounces off of it. I want you to see it in all its vivid color that's why these images are now HDR and you are seeing the most light detail possible perceived. I hope you like these pictures they took time and effort to create and I enjoy viewing them.


Yes.
The program must work correctly with an empty file. This may seem dumb, but there is no reason to have a program break when it is used in an unexpected fashion. Here is the copy program with pieces left out:
class CopyMaker { String sourceName, destName; BufferedReader source; PrintWriter dest; String line; CopyMaker ( String source, String dest ) { sourceName = source; destName = dest; } private boolean openFiles() // return true if files open, else false { } private void copyFiles() { } private void closeFiles() { } public static void main ( String[] args ) { if ( args.length == 3 && args[1].toUpperCase().equals("TO") ) { CopyMaker cp = new CopyMaker( args[0], args[2] ); if ( cp.openFiles() ) { cp.copyFiles() ; cp.closeFiles() ; } } else System.out.println("java CopyTextFile source to destination"); } }
Rather than write one big main()
it is convenient to
define an object whose several methods implement the steps in
copying files.
Potentially the object could be used as a component of a larger
program.
The main()
method collects
information from the user.
If the information looks correct,
it creates a CopyMaker
object
and
calls its methods.


Class: Aws::SecurityHub::Types::AwsBackupBackupPlanRuleCopyActionsDetails
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
|
| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-securityhub/lib/aws-sdk-securityhub/types.rb |
Overview
An array of CopyAction
objects, each of which contains details of
the copy operation.
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#destination_backup_vault_arn ⇒ String
rw
An Amazon
Resource
Name (ARN) that uniquely identifies the destination backup vault for the copied backup. -
#lifecycle ⇒ Types::AwsBackupBackupPlanLifecycleDetails
rw
Defines when a protected resource is transitioned to cold storage and when it expires.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Aws::Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#destination_backup_vault_arn ⇒ String
(rw)
An Amazon Resource
Name (ARN) that uniquely identifies the
destination backup vault for the copied backup.
#lifecycle ⇒ Types::AwsBackupBackupPlanLifecycleDetails (rw)
Defines when a protected resource is transitioned to cold storage
and when it expires. ::Aws::Backup
transitions and expires backups
automatically according to the lifecycle that you define. If you do
not specify a lifecycle, ::Aws::Backup
applies the lifecycle policy of the
source backup to the destination backup.
Backups transitioned to cold storage must be stored in cold storage for a minimum of 90 days.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-securityhub/lib/aws-sdk-securityhub/types.rb', line 2957
class AwsBackupBackupPlanRuleCopyActionsDetails < Struct.new( :destination_backup_vault_arn, :lifecycle) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end


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The XENUS OS is a multiuser, Unix-like operating system for the i386 (PC) platform.
Distribution floppy image: download (gzipped)
The system should be built on an OpenBSD 6.4/amd64 host. While other hosts may work, the system uses and is sensitive to the host compiler.
Additionally the qemu package must be installed on the host.
To build the system type "make" in the source code top directory.
Warning: installing XENUS on a hard disk will wipe the partition table and overwrite existing data on the hard disk.
To install XENUS on a hard disk:
Multiboot installation allows XENUS to coexist with other operating systems on the same disk.
To install XENUS in a multiboot configuration:
The system should be built on an OpenBSD 6.4/amd64 host. While other hosts may work, the system uses and is sensitive to the host compiler.
Additionally the qemu package must be installed on the host.
To build the system type "make" in the source code top directory.
Use the cc-xenus wrapper in the hostcmd directory if you want to compile programs for XENUS.
The system exposes an limited UNIX-like API.
The system now includes Minix binary compatibility.
There are two floppy disk images with software repackaged from Minix:
To install MNX or SDK:


POINTBLANK
incentivising compassion
Next Gen Housing
Vote - Via - Tax
Cortex Stimulation
Modular Energy
OPEN SOURCE
PRIVACY RESPECTED \ forever


Getting data out of CLIDE¶
Nicolas Fauchereau has written several helper functions in python, with the aim of mimicking the functions that are available in R from sourcing the common/clidesc.r file
These functions are contained in the file clidesc/common/clide.py which (for now and until we create a conda package and host it on binstar) needs to be copied over to the same common directory.
At the beginning of each Python script, one must import these functions (the equivalent of calling source() in a R script)
This is done by entering these lines:
import sys, os
Local = False # set to True for testing purposes
if local:
sys.path.append('../common')
from clide import *
else:
source_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(sys.argv[0]))
sys.path.append(os.path.join(source_path, '../common'))
from clide import *
conn = clide_open(base_path)
which will have for effect to i) make all the functions implemented in clide.py available for calling from within the python script, ii) parse the command line arguments and iii) establish the connection to the CLIDE database (which will be contained in the conn object).
These functions, their call sign and outputs are briefly described below: note that when returning a table (e.g. the result of a SQL query to the clide database) this table is a Pandas DataFrame object, which is similar to (but more efficient than!) a R dataframe, and makes slicing, columns or row selection, resampling etc extremely convenient. When time-series are returned, the index of the dataframe (i.e. the ‘rows’ identifier) is a Pandas datetime index object resulting from the conversion of the lsd field to a python datetime object and setting it as the index for the DataFrame. The name of the index is invariably timestamp.


These notes follows the CUHK deep learing course ELEG5491: Introduction to Deep Learning.
For concerns/bugs, please contact Hongyang Li in general or resort to the specific author in each note.
We encourage the use of the hypothes.is extension to annote comments and discuss these notes inline.
For concerns/bugs, please contact Hongyang Li in general or resort to the specific author in each note.
We encourage the use of the hypothes.is extension to annote comments and discuss these notes inline.
Lecture Notes
Machine Learning Basics
Cross entropy, generalization, overfit/underfit
Convolutional Neural Networks
Gradient flow of CNN, weight initialization
Optimization for deep learning
Squeeze the very last bit of CNN and network structure
Recurrent Neural Networks
RNN motivation, LSTM, application in vision and language
Generative Adversarial Network
Variants of GAN
Deep Reinforcement Learning
Attention model
Guest Notes
Supp Notes for Tutorial
Demystifying backpropagation: The core behind developping a new layer
Back-prop, chain rule, design of a new layer
Large-scale deep learning system and GPU programming
Spark, multi-GPU, parallel system
Spring 2017 Assignments
Assignment #3
The course focuses on the knowledge of deep learning and its applications (mainly) to computer vison. For the general audience, we suggest some good resources below.
Courses:
- cs231n: Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition. Featuring concrete, fresh and interesting case studies. Highly recommended.
- cs4476: Computer Vision. Classical computer vision course offered by James Hays.
- Introduction to Computer Vision. By Noah Snavely at Cornell.
- 6.869: Advances in Computer Vision. MIT Graduate-level course offered by Antonio Torralba.
- cs229: Machine Learning. The famous Andrew Ng style course with easy start and good intuitions. There are so many related materials about this course where you can take a peek online.
- Machine Learning. By Tony Jebara at Comlumbia University.
Textbooks:
- Deep Learning. By Ian Goodfellow and it covers most necessities.
- Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications. Most popular among the community, free e-book online and it covers a wide span of topics from low-level image processing to high-level vision recognition.
- Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Machine Learning Bible. Everyone should know at least some of it.
Misc:
- Arxiv sanity preserver. By Karpathy where the arXiv papers are arranged in a neat way.
- Top-tier journals and conferences in computer vision. Getting to know the vision community better.
- The Computer Vision Industry. Summarized by Prof. David Lowe. A rough list of companies related to computer vision and robotics.
- The Annual Consumer Electronics Show. The biggest, longest, most famous AI-based convention and exhibition where research work of the academia are transferred into the industry.
Reading list:
'Awesome paper' readling list hosted on GitHub.
- Deep learning papers 1 (Quick start)
- Deep learning papers 2 (More detailed version)
- Deep reinforcement learning papers 1
- Deep reinforcement learning papers 2


--- title: "Quick start" date: 2021-04-29T16:00:58+02:00 draft: false main_title: "Quick start" subheading: "Quick start" seo_title: "Quick start" description: "Start building your site in less than 1 minute" image: "Quick start" video: "Quick start" url: "/mdb-go/quick-start/" menu: go: name: "Quick start" ---
In order to start using Tailwind simply download our start from here
However our recommended way is to use free MDB GO platform.


[t]Welcome to the customer section of our website. You can search for candidates that may match your profile, upload new vacancies or view candidates that have applied for one of your jobs.[/t]
[t]Vacancy information[/t]
[t]Your company has added {$vcnt} vacancies of which {$vcnt_cp} were added by you.[/t]
{if $allow_jobs_amount_period}
{if $jobs_period == "month"}
{assign var=period value="[t]month[/t]"}
{elseif $jobs_period == "year"}
{assign var=period value="[t]year[/t]"}
{else}
{assign var=period value="[t]unknown period[/t]"}
{/if}
[t]You have {$jobsCount} jobs inserted this {$period} from {$jobs_amount_period} possible jobs.[/t]
{/if}
{if $allow_jobs_amount_publish}
[t]You have {$publicCount} published jobs from {$jobs_amount_publish} possible publicable jobs.[/t]
{/if}


When writing a review, remember that the more context your review has, the more valu able it will be. Try to be unbiased as much as possible, and write honestly.


Requirements
- iOS 8.0+
- Xcode 7.3
- Swift 2.3 (use the
v1.1
tag if you need Swift < 2.3 support)
Installation
You can use Carthage to install Taylor
by adding it to your Cartfile
:
github "mirego/taylor-ios"
CocoaPods
You can use CocoaPods to install Taylor
by adding it to your Podfile
:
platform :ios, '8.0'
use_frameworks!
pod 'YourLibrary'
Manually
- Download and drop the Swift file you need in your project.
- Congratulations!
Usage example
import Taylor
let button = UIButton(type: .Custom)
button.setBorder(width: 2, color: .redColor())
Bonus
- There is a
no-bitcode
branch that’s (hopefully) kept up to date with the master.
License
Taylor is © 2016 Mirego and may be freely
distributed under the New BSD license.
See the LICENSE.md
file.
About Mirego
Mirego is a team of passionate people who believe that work is a place where you can innovate and have fun. We’re a team of talented people who imagine and build beautiful Web and mobile applications. We come together to share ideas and change the world.
We also love open-source software and we try to give back to the community as much as we can.


ReST Server For Apache Cassandra
Real-Time Card Fraud Analysis and Prevention RTFAP2 on GitHub.

They want the ability to search and group transactions by credit card, period, merchant, credit card provider, amounts, status etc.
The client wants a REST API to:
- Identify all transactions tagged as fraudulent in the last minute/day/month/year
- Identify all transactions tagged as fraudulent for a specific card
- Report all transactions for a merchant on a specific day
- Report roll-up of all transactions by card and year
- Search the entire transaction database by merchant, cc_no, amounts
- Provide the ratio of transaction success based on the first 6 digits of their credit card no.
- Provide the ratio of confirmed transactions against fraudulent transactions in the last minute
- Provide a moving ratio of approved transactions per minute, per hour
- Provide a count of approved transactions per minute, per hour
The sample queries are served by a web service written in Node.js.
- A ReSTful web interface provides an API for calling programs to query the data in Cassandra.
- The code for this is in the restRTFAP directory provided in the repo. You will use a web browser interface to run the queries.
- Use the example url’s supplied - these will return a json representation of the data using the ReST service.
The ReST Server set up details are described here on Github
CQL Queries with Cassandra
Simple ReST queries with CQL, the Cassandra Query Language
We can run CQL queries to look up all transactions for a given credit card (cc_no).
The transactions table is primarily write-oriented - it's the destination table for the streamed transactions and used for searches.
We don't update the transactions in the transactions table once they have been written.
To run a simple query to return all transactions click http://localhost:3000/transactions
Tip: hover over the link to vire the CQL query that will be run
CQL & Solr QUeries
Solr brings Enterprise Search on Cassandra data
DataStax Enterprise provides a built-in enterprise search capability on data, stored in Cassandra, that scales and performs in a way that meets the search requirements of modern Internet Enterprise applications.
Using this search functionality allows the volume of transactions to grow without a reduction in performance or throughput.
DSE Search also supports live indexing for improved index throughput and reduced reader latency.
The transactions table has a primary key and clustering columns, so a typical query would look like this:
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions WHERE cc_no='1234123412341234' and year=2016 and month=3 and day=9;
But that doesn't provide a very flexible search capability. For this we need an Enterprise Search capability like Solr. We create Solr "cores" (indexes) on the data in Cassandra.
Then we aren't restricted by the limitations of the Cassandra table index structure :)
Examine how CQL and Solr are used together in the following queries that use Solr indexing on Cassandra tables:
- Identify transactions over a certain amount
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions where solr_query = \'\{"q":"*:*", "fq":"amount:[' + amount + ' TO *]"\}\';
- Retrieve all transactions in the TRANSACTIONS table where status="Rejected"
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions WHERE solr_query=\'\{"q":"status: Rejected"\}\';
- Retrieve all transactions in the TRANSACTIONS table, faceted by merchant
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions WHERE solr_query=\'\{"q":"*:*", "facet":{"field":"merchant"}\}\';
- Retrieve all transactions in the TRANSACTIONS table, faceted by status, over the last year/month/minute
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions WHERE solr_query = \'\{"q":"*:*", "fq":"txn_time:[NOW-1' + req.query.period + ' TO *]","facet":{"field":"status"}}\';
- Retrieve all transactions in the TRANSACTIONS table, faceted by status, for the specified card number and period
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions where solr_query = \'{"q":"cc_no:' + req.query.card + '*", "fq":"txn_time:[NOW-1' + req.query.period + ' TO *]","facet":{"field":"status"}}\';
- Retrieve all transactions in the TRANSACTIONS table for a specified card number (optional wild card)
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions where solr_query=\'{"q":"cc_no:' + req.query.card + '"}\';
- Retrieve all transactions in the TRANSACTIONS table tagged as "Fraudulent" for a specified card number
> SELECT * FROM rtfap.transactions where solr_query=\'{"q":"cc_no:' + req.query.card + '", "fq":["tags:Fraudulent"]}\';
- Retrieve data for all transactions in the TRANSACTIONS table tagged as "Fraudulent" over the last year
> SELECT * FROM transactions where solr_query = \'{"q":"*:*", "fq":["txn_time:[NOW-1' + req.query.period + ' TO *]", "tags:Fraudulent"]}\';
Spark & Querying Roll Up Tables
Streaming Real-Time Analytics with Spark & Kafka
DSE provides integration with Spark out-of-the box to enable analysis of data in-place on the same cluster where the data is ingested and stored.
Workloads can be isolated and there is no need to ETL the data.
Data ingested in a Cassandra-only (OLTP) data center can be automatically replicated to a logical data center of Cassandra nodes also hosting Spark Workers.
This tight integration between Cassandra and Spark offers huge value in terms of significantly reduced ETL complexity (no data movement to different clusters)
Co-locating the data and analytics means there is no latency from moving data, so reducing the time to insight from your data through a much less complex lambda architecture.
Streaming Analytics
The streaming analytics element of this application is made up of two parts:
A transaction "producer" - a Scala/Akka app that generates random credit card transactions and then places those transactions onto a Kafka queue.
A transaction "consumer" - also written in Scala, is a Spark streaming job that (a) consumes the messages put on the Kafka queue, and then (b) parses those messages, evalutes the transaction status and then writes them to the Datastax/Cassandra table transactions.
It also generates
rolling summary lines into the
txn_count_min table every minute.
Streaming analytics code can be found under the directory TransactionHandlers/producer (pre-requisite: make sure you have run the CQL schema create script as described above to create the necessary tables).
Follow the Spark streaming installation and set up instructions here on Github


This site is about saying »Hello« to the world.
Read what else I have to say. Here are all my blog posts. Enjoy reading!


|
MiniBot
2019/2020
|
A relitive point in 2D space. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| Translation2d () | |
| Translation2d (double x, double y) | |
| Translation2d (final Translation2d other) | |
| Translation2d (final Translation2d start, final Translation2d end) | |
| double | norm () |
| The "norm" of a transform is the Euclidean distance in x and y. More... | |
| double | getX () |
| double | getY () |
Protected Attributes | |
| final double | x |
| final double | y |
A relitive point in 2D space.
Taken form 254's library: https://github.com/Team254/FRC-2018-Public/blob/873e8f49e583e40167ea45382ed63cceaa07ac49/cheesy-path/src/main/java/com/team254/lib/geometry/Translation2d.java
Definition at line 11 of file Translation2d.java.
| frc.common.spatial.Translation2d.Translation2d | ( | ) |
Definition at line 16 of file Translation2d.java.
| frc.common.spatial.Translation2d.Translation2d | ( | double | x, |
| double | y | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 21 of file Translation2d.java.
| frc.common.spatial.Translation2d.Translation2d | ( | final Translation2d | other | ) |
Definition at line 26 of file Translation2d.java.
| frc.common.spatial.Translation2d.Translation2d | ( | final Translation2d | start, |
| final Translation2d | end | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 31 of file Translation2d.java.
| double frc.common.spatial.Translation2d.getX | ( | ) |
Definition at line 45 of file Translation2d.java.
| double frc.common.spatial.Translation2d.getY | ( | ) |
Definition at line 49 of file Translation2d.java.
| double frc.common.spatial.Translation2d.norm | ( | ) |
The "norm" of a transform is the Euclidean distance in x and y.
Definition at line 41 of file Translation2d.java.
|
protected |
Definition at line 13 of file Translation2d.java.
|
protected |
Definition at line 14 of file Translation2d.java.


pyxtal.symmetry module¶
-
class
pyxtal.symmetry.
Group
(group, dim=3)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class for storing a set of Wyckoff positions for a symmetry group. See the documentation for details about settings.
Parameters: - group – the group symbol or international number
- dim – the periodic dimension of the group
-
Wyckoff_positions
= None¶ A list of Wyckoff_position objects, sorted by descending multiplicity
-
get_wyckoff_position
(index)[source]¶ Returns a single Wyckoff_position object
Parameters: index – the index of the Wyckoff position within the group The largest position is always 0 Returns: a Wyckoff_position object
-
get_wyckoff_symmetry
(index, molecular=False)[source]¶ Returns the site symmetry symbol for the Wyckoff position
Parameters: - index – the index of the Wyckoff position within the group The largest position is always 0
- molecular – whether to use the Euclidean operations or not (for hexagonal groups)
Returns: a Hermann-Mauguin style string for the site symmetry
-
get_wyckoff_symmetry_m
(index)[source]¶ Returns the site symmetry symbol for the Wyckoff position (with molecular=True)
Parameters: index – the index of the Wyckoff position within the group The largest position is always 0 Returns: a Hermann-Mauguin style string for the site symmetry
-
w_symm
= None¶ A list of site symmetry operations for the Wyckoff positions, obtained from get_wyckoff_symmetry (molecular=False)
-
w_symm_m
= None¶ A list of site symmetry operations for the Wyckoff positions, obtained from get_wyckoff_symmetry (molecular=True)
-
wyckoff_generators
= None¶ A list of Wyckoff generators (molecular=False)
-
wyckoff_generators_m
= None¶ A list of Wyckoff generators (molecular=True)
-
wyckoffs
= None¶ The Wyckoff positions for the crystal’s spacegroup.
-
wyckoffs_organized
= None¶ A 2D list of Wyckoff_position objects, grouped and sorted by multiplicity.
-
class
pyxtal.symmetry.
Wyckoff_position
[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class for a single Wyckoff position within a symmetry group
-
from_dict
()[source]¶ Constructs a Wyckoff_position object using a dictionary. Used mainly by the Wyckoff class for constructing a list of Wyckoff_position objects at once
-
from_group_and_index
(index, dim=3, PBC=None)[source]¶ Creates a Wyckoff_position using the space group number and index
Parameters: - group – the international number of the symmetry group
- index – the index or letter of the Wyckoff position within the group. 0 is always the general position, and larger indeces represent positions with lower multiplicity. Alternatively, index can be the Wyckoff letter (“4a6” or “f”)
- dim – the periodic dimension of the crystal
- PBC – the periodic boundary conditions
-
wyckoff_from_generating_op
(gen_pos)[source]¶ Given a general position and generating operation (ex: “x,0,0”), returns a Wyckoff_position object.
Parameters: - gen_op – a SymmOp into which the generating coordinate will be plugged
- gen_pos – a list of SymmOps representing the general position
Returns: a list of SymmOps
-
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
check_wyckoff_position
(points, group, tol=0.001)[source]¶ Given a list of points, returns a single index of a matching Wyckoff position in the space group. Checks the site symmetry of each supplied point against the site symmetry for each point in the Wyckoff position. Also returns a point which can be used to generate the rest using the Wyckoff position operators
Parameters: - points – a list of 3d coordinates or SymmOps to check
- group – a Group object
- tol – the max distance between equivalent points
Returns: index is a single index for the Wyckoff position within the sg. If no matching WP is found, returns False. point is a coordinate taken from the list points. When plugged into the Wyckoff position, it will generate all the other points.
Return type: index, p
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
create_matrix
(PBC=[1, 1, 1])[source]¶ Used for calculating distances in lattices with periodic boundary conditions. When multiplied with a set of points, generates additional points in cells adjacent to and diagonal to the original cell
Parameters: PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis Returns: A numpy array of matrices which can be multiplied by a set of coordinates
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
distance
(xyz, lattice, PBC=[1, 1, 1])[source]¶ Returns the Euclidean distance from the origin for a fractional displacement vector. Takes into account the lattice metric and periodic boundary conditions, including up to one non-periodic axis.
Parameters: - xyz – a fractional 3d displacement vector. Can be obtained by subtracting one fractional vector from another
- lattice – a 3x3 matrix describing a unit cell’s lattice vectors
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
Returns: a scalar for the distance of the point from the origin
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
distance_matrix
(points1, points2, lattice, PBC=[1, 1, 1], metric='euclidean')[source]¶ Returns the distances between two sets of fractional coordinates. Takes into account the lattice metric and periodic boundary conditions.
Parameters: - points1 – a list of fractional coordinates
- points2 – another list of fractional coordinates
- lattice – a 3x3 matrix describing a unit cell’s lattice vectors
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
- metric – the metric to use with cdist. Possible values include ‘euclidean’, ‘sqeuclidean’, ‘minkowski’, and others
Returns: a 2x2 np array of scalar distances
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
distance_matrix_euclidean
(points1, points2, PBC=[1, 1, 1], squared=False)[source]¶ Returns the distances between two sets of fractional coordinates. Takes into account periodic boundary conditions, but assumes a Euclidean matrix.
Parameters: - points1 – a list of fractional coordinates
- points2 – another list of fractional coordinates
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
- squared – whether to return the squared distance (True) or the Euclidean distance (False)
Returns: a 2x2 np array of scalar distances
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
dsquared
(v)[source]¶ Returns the squared length of a 3-vector. Does not consider PBC.
Parameters: v – a 3-vector Returns: the squared length of the vector
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
filtered_coords
(coords, PBC=[1, 1, 1])[source]¶ Given an array of 3d fractional coordinates or a single 3d point, transform all coordinates to less than 1 and greater than 0. If one axis is not periodic, does not transform the coordinates along that axis. For example, for the point [1.2,1.6, -.4] with periodicity along the x and z axes, but not the y axis (PBC=[1,0,1]), the function would return [0.2, 1.6, 0.6].
Parameters: - coords – an array of real 3d vectors. The shape does not matter
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
Returns: an array of filtered coords with the same shape as coords
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
filtered_coords_euclidean
(coords, PBC=[1, 1, 1])[source]¶ Given an array of fractional 3-vectors, filters coordinates to between 0 and 1. Then, values which are greater than 0.5 are converted to 1 minus their value. This is used for converting displacement vectors with a Euclidean lattice.
Parameters: - coords – an array of real 3d vectors. The shape does not matter
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
Returns: an array of filtered coords with the same shape as coords
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
find_generating_point
(coords, wyckoff_position)[source]¶ Given a set of coordinates and Wyckoff generators, return the coord which can be used to generate the others. This is useful for molecular Wyckoff positions, for which the orientation, and not just the position, is needed for each point in the Wyckoff position. Thus, we need to know which coordinates to use for x, y, and z, so that rotations can be applied correctly using the Wyckoff geneators
Parameters: - coords – a list of fractional coordinates corresponding to a Wyckoff position
- wyckoff_position – a Wyckoff_position object
Returns: a fractional coordinate [x, y, z] corresponding to the first listed point in the Wyckoff position
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
general_position
(number, dim=3)[source]¶ Returns a Wyckoff_position object for the general Wyckoff position of the given group.
Parameters: - number – the international number of the group
- dim – the dimension of the group 3: space group, 2: layer group, 1: Rod group
Returns: a Wyckoff_position object for the general position
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_layer
(num, organized=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff positions for a given 2D layer group. Has option to organize the list based on multiplicity (this is used for random_crystal_2D.wyckoffs) For an unorganized list:
1st index: index of WP in layer group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity)
2nd index: a SymmOp object in the WP
For an organized list:
1st index: specifies multiplicity (0 is the largest multiplicity)
- 2nd index: corresponds to a Wyckoff position within the group of equal
- multiplicity.
3nd index: corresponds to a SymmOp object within the Wyckoff position
You may switch between organized and unorganized lists using the methods i_from_jk and jk_from_i. For example, if a Wyckoff position is the [i] entry in an unorganized list, it will be the [j][k] entry in an organized list.
For layer groups with more than one possible origin, origin choice 2 is used.
Parameters: - num – the international layer group number
- organized – whether or not to organize the list based on multiplicity
Returns: a list of Wyckoff positions, each of which is a list of SymmOp’s
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_layer_generators
(num, molecular=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff generators for a given layer group. 1st index: index of WP in group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a generator for the WP This function is useful for rotating molecules based on Wyckoff position, since special Wyckoff positions only encode positional information, but not information about the orientation. The generators for each Wyckoff position form a subset of the group’s general Wyckoff position.
Parameters: - num – the layer group number
- molecular – whether or not to return the Euclidean point symmetry operations. If True, cuts off translational part of operation, and converts non-orthogonal operations (3-fold and 6-fold rotations) to (orthogonal) pure rotations. Should be used when dealing with molecular crystals
Returns: a 2d list of SymmOp objects which can be used to generate a Wyckoff position given a single fractional (x,y,z) coordinate
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_layer_symmetry
(num, molecular=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff position site symmetry for a given space group. 1st index: index of WP in group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a point within the WP 3rd index: a site symmetry SymmOp of the point
Parameters: - num – the layer group number
- molecular – whether or not to return the Euclidean point symmetry operations. If True, cuts off translational part of operation, and converts non-orthogonal operations (3-fold and 6-fold rotations) to (orthogonal) pure rotations. Should be used when dealing with molecular crystals
Returns: a 3d list of SymmOp objects representing the site symmetry of each point in each Wyckoff position
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_point
(num, organized=False, molecular=True)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff positions for a given crystallographic point group. Has option to organize the list based on multiplicity.
1st index: index of WP in layer group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity)
2nd index: a SymmOp object in the WP
For point groups except T, Th, O, Td, and Oh, unique axis z is used.
Parameters: - num – the point group number (see bottom of source code for a list)
- organized – whether or not to organize the list based on multiplicity
- molecular – whether or not to convert to Euclidean reference frame (for hexagonal lattices: point groups 16-27)
Returns: a list of Wyckoff positions, each of which is a list of SymmOp’s
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_point_generators
(num, molecular=True)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff generators for a given point group. 1st index: index of WP in group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a generator for the WP This function is useful for rotating molecules based on Wyckoff position, since special Wyckoff positions only encode positional information, but not information about the orientation. The generators for each Wyckoff position form a subset of the group’s general Wyckoff position.
Parameters: - num – the Rod group number
- molecular – whether or not to convert to Euclidean reference frame (for hexagonal lattices: point groups 16-27)
Returns: a 2d list of SymmOp objects which can be used to generate a Wyckoff position given a single fractional (x,y,z) coordinate
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_point_symmetry
(num, molecular=True)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff position site symmetry for a given point group. 1st index: index of WP in group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a point within the WP 3rd index: a site symmetry SymmOp of the point
Parameters: - num – the point group number
- molecular – whether or not to convert to Euclidean reference frame (for hexagonal lattices: point groups 16-27)
Returns: a 3d list of SymmOp objects representing the site symmetry of each point in each Wyckoff position
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_rod
(num, organized=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff positions for a given 1D Rod group. Has option to organize the list based on multiplicity (this is used for random_crystal_1D.wyckoffs) For an unorganized list:
1st index: index of WP in layer group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity)
2nd index: a SymmOp object in the WP
For an organized list:
1st index: specifies multiplicity (0 is the largest multiplicity)
- 2nd index: corresponds to a Wyckoff position within the group of equal
- multiplicity.
3nd index: corresponds to a SymmOp object within the Wyckoff position
You may switch between organized and unorganized lists using the methods i_from_jk and jk_from_i. For example, if a Wyckoff position is the [i] entry in an unorganized list, it will be the [j][k] entry in an organized list.
For Rod groups with more than one possible setting, setting choice 1 is used.
Parameters: - num – the international Rod group number
- organized – whether or not to organize the list based on multiplicity
Returns: a list of Wyckoff positions, each of which is a list of SymmOp’s
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_rod_generators
(num, molecular=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff generators for a given Rod group. 1st index: index of WP in group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a generator for the WP This function is useful for rotating molecules based on Wyckoff position, since special Wyckoff positions only encode positional information, but not information about the orientation. The generators for each Wyckoff position form a subset of the group’s general Wyckoff position.
Parameters: - num – the Rod group number
- molecular – whether or not to return the Euclidean point symmetry operations. If True, cuts off translational part of operation, and converts non-orthogonal operations (3-fold and 6-fold rotations) to (orthogonal) pure rotations. Should be used when dealing with molecular crystals
Returns: a 2d list of SymmOp objects which can be used to generate a Wyckoff position given a single fractional (x,y,z) coordinate
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_rod_symmetry
(num, molecular=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff position site symmetry for a given Rod group. 1st index: index of WP in group (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a point within the WP 3rd index: a site symmetry SymmOp of the point
Parameters: - num – the Rod group number
- molecular – whether or not to return the Euclidean point symmetry operations. If True, cuts off translational part of operation, and converts non-orthogonal operations (3-fold and 6-fold rotations) to (orthogonal) pure rotations. Should be used when dealing with molecular crystals
Returns: a 3d list of SymmOp objects representing the site symmetry of each point in each Wyckoff position
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_wyckoff_generators
(sg, PBC=[1, 1, 1], molecular=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff generators for a given space group. 1st index: index of WP in sg (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a generator for the WP This function is useful for rotating molecules based on Wyckoff position, since special Wyckoff positions only encode positional information, but not information about the orientation. The generators for each Wyckoff position form a subset of the spacegroup’s general Wyckoff position.
Parameters: - sg – the international spacegroup number
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
- molecular – whether or not to return the Euclidean point symmetry operations. If True, cuts off translational part of operation, and converts non-orthogonal operations (3-fold and 6-fold rotations) to (orthogonal) pure rotations. Should be used when dealing with molecular crystals
Returns: a 2d list of SymmOp objects which can be used to generate a Wyckoff position given a single fractional (x,y,z) coordinate
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_wyckoff_symmetry
(sg, PBC=[1, 1, 1], molecular=False)[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff position site symmetry for a given space group. 1st index: index of WP in sg (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity) 2nd index: a point within the WP 3rd index: a site symmetry SymmOp of the point
Parameters: - sg – the international spacegroup number
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
- molecular – whether or not to return the Euclidean point symmetry operations. If True, cuts off translational part of operation, and converts non-orthogonal operations (3-fold and 6-fold rotations) to (orthogonal) pure rotations. Should be used when dealing with molecular crystals
Returns: a 3d list of SymmOp objects representing the site symmetry of each point in each Wyckoff position
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
get_wyckoffs
(sg, organized=False, PBC=[1, 1, 1])[source]¶ Returns a list of Wyckoff positions for a given space group. Has option to organize the list based on multiplicity (this is used for random_crystal.wyckoffs) For an unorganized list:
1st index: index of WP in sg (0 is the WP with largest multiplicity)
2nd index: a SymmOp object in the WP
For an organized list:
1st index: specifies multiplicity (0 is the largest multiplicity)
- 2nd index: corresponds to a Wyckoff position within the group of equal
- multiplicity.
3nd index: corresponds to a SymmOp object within the Wyckoff position
You may switch between organized and unorganized lists using the methods i_from_jk and jk_from_i. For example, if a Wyckoff position is the [i] entry in an unorganized list, it will be the [j][k] entry in an organized list.
Parameters: - sg – the international spacegroup number
- organized – whether or not to organize the list based on multiplicity
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis
Returns: a list of Wyckoff positions, each of which is a list of SymmOp’s
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
i_from_jk
(j, k, olist)[source]¶ Inverse operation of jk_from_i: gives one list index from 2
Parameters: - k (j,) – indices corresponding to the location of an element in the organized list
- olist – the organized list of Wyckoff positions or molecular orientations
Returns: - one index corresponding to the item’s location in the
unorganized list
Return type: i
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
index_from_letter
(letter, arr)[source]¶ Given the Wyckoff letter, returns the index of a Wyckoff position within the spacegroup
Parameters: - letter – The wyckoff letter
- arr – an unorganized Wyckoff position array
Returns: a single index specifying the location of the Wyckoff position within the spacegroup (0 is the general position)
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
jk_from_i
(i, olist)[source]¶ Given an organized list (Wyckoff positions or orientations), determine the two indices which correspond to a single index for an unorganized list. Used mainly for organized Wyckoff position lists, but can be used for other lists organized in a similar way
Parameters: - i – a single index corresponding to the item’s location in the unorganized list
- olist – the organized list
Returns: - two indices corresponding to the item’s location in the
organized list
Return type: [j, k]
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
letter_from_index
(index, arr)[source]¶ Given a Wyckoff position’s index within a spacegroup, return its number and letter e.g. ‘4a’
Parameters: - index – a single integer describing the WP’s index within the spacegroup (0 is the general position)
- arr – an unorganized Wyckoff position array
Returns: the Wyckoff letter corresponding to the Wyckoff position (for example, for position 4a, the function would return ‘a’)
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
list_point_groups
()[source]¶ Prints out the numbers and symbols of the crystallographic point groups
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
organized_wyckoffs
(group)[source]¶ Takes a Group object or unorganized list of Wyckoff positions and returns a 2D list of Wyckoff positions organized by multiplicity.
Parameters: group – a pyxtal.symmetry.Group object Returns: a 2D list of Wyckoff_position objects if group is a Group object. a 3D list of SymmOp objects if group is a 2D list of SymmOps
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
pgdict
= {1: 'C1', 2: 'Ci', 3: 'C2', 4: 'Cs', 5: 'C2h', 6: 'D2', 7: 'C2v', 8: 'D2h', 9: 'C4', 10: 'S4', 11: 'C4h', 12: 'D4', 13: 'C4v', 14: 'D2d', 15: 'D4h', 16: 'C3', 17: 'C3i', 18: 'D3', 19: 'C3v', 20: 'D3d', 21: 'C6', 22: 'C3h', 23: 'C6h', 24: 'D6', 25: 'C6v', 26: 'D3h', 27: 'D6h', 28: 'T', 29: 'Th', 30: 'O', 31: 'Td', 32: 'Oh'}¶ Dict of crystallographic point group symbols and their corresponding numbers (the number for initializing a Group object)
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
rand
()¶ random_sample(size=None)
Return random floats in the half-open interval [0.0, 1.0).
Results are from the “continuous uniform” distribution over the stated interval. To sample \(Unif[a, b), b > a\) multiply the output of random_sample by (b-a) and add a:
(b - a) * random_sample() + a
Parameters: size (int or tuple of ints, optional) – Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g., (m, n, k)
, thenm * n * k
samples are drawn. Default is None, in which case a single value is returned.Returns: out – Array of random floats of shape size (unless size=None
, in which case a single float is returned).Return type: float or ndarray of floats Examples
>>> np.random.random_sample() 0.47108547995356098 >>> type(np.random.random_sample()) <type 'float'> >>> np.random.random_sample((5,)) array([ 0.30220482, 0.86820401, 0.1654503 , 0.11659149, 0.54323428])
Three-by-two array of random numbers from [-5, 0):
>>> 5 * np.random.random_sample((3, 2)) - 5 array([[-3.99149989, -0.52338984], [-2.99091858, -0.79479508], [-1.23204345, -1.75224494]])
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
site_symm
(point, gen_pos, tol=0.001, lattice=array([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]), PBC=None)[source]¶ Given a point and a general Wyckoff position, return the list of symmetry operations leaving the point (coordinate or SymmOp) invariant. The returned SymmOps are a subset of the general position. The site symmetry can be used for determining the Wyckoff position for a set of points, or for determining the valid orientations of a molecule within a given Wyckoff position.
Parameters: - point – a 1x3 coordinate or SymmOp object to find the symmetry of. If a SymmOp is given, the returned symmetries must also preserve the point’s orientaion
- gen_pos – the general position of the spacegroup. Can be a Wyckoff_position object or list of SymmOp objects. Can be obtained using general_position()
- tol – the numberical tolerance for determining equivalent positions and orientations.
- lattice – a 3x3 matrix representing the lattice vectors of the unit cell
- PBC – A periodic boundary condition list, where 1 means periodic, 0 means not periodic. Ex: [1,1,1] -> full 3d periodicity, [0,0,1] -> periodicity along the z axis. Need not be defined here if gen_pos is a Wyckoff_position object.
Returns: a list of SymmOp objects which leave the given point invariant
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
ss_string_from_ops
(ops, number, dim=3, complete=True)[source]¶ Print the Hermann-Mauguin symbol for a site symmetry group, using a list of SymmOps as input. Note that the symbol does not necessarily refer to the x,y,z axes. For information on reading these symbols, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann-Mauguin_notation#Point_groups
Parameters: - ops – a list of SymmOp objects representing the site symmetry
- number – International number of the symmetry group. Used to determine which axes to show. For example, a 3-fold rotation in a cubic system is written as “.3.”, whereas a 3-fold rotation in a trigonal system is written as “3..”
- dim – the dimension of the crystal. Also used to determine notation type
- complete – whether or not all symmetry operations in the group are present. If False, we generate the rest
Returns: “2mm”
Return type: a string representing the site symmetry. Ex
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
symbol_from_number
(number, symbol)[source]¶ Returns the H-M symbol for a given international group number
-
pyxtal.symmetry.
symmetry_element_from_axis
(axis)[source]¶ Given an axis, returns a SymmOp representing a symmetry element on the axis. For example, the symmetry element for the vector (0,0,2) would be (0,0,z).
Parameters: axis – a 3-vector representing the symmetry element Returns: a SymmOp object of form (ax, bx, cx), (ay, by, cy), or (az, bz, cz)


About Mu¶
Mu is a fantastic editor for absolute beginners. Its design philosophy is to enable beginners to download a single program that comes with everything they need to begin their programming journey.
You can use Mu to program in different environments known as “modes”. Note that Mu uses the default language for the computer, which explains why all the screenshots I include are in French. It is currently not possible to (easily) change the language used for Mu’s menu items.
friendly has only been tested with the Python 3 mode. It should work when using the Pygame zero or the Web mode.
Warning
Unfortunately, I am not able at present to provide any support for the other modes (BBC micro:bit, CircuitPython, ESP MicroPython).
Two ways to use Python¶
Using the Python 3 mode, there are two ways to execute Python code:
Using a “run” button to execute code saved in a file.
Using a REPL to execute code interactively.
Running a program in the editor¶
First, I show what happens using the “run” method.
After clicking on the “run” button, the icon (1) changes to an “X”. The code in the editor (2) is executed and the result is shown in the output pane (3) where we can continue entering commands.
Using the REPL¶
After clicking on the REPL button (1), a panel (2) opens where you can
enter Python code (3). If you have a file saved (4) in the editor,
you can use the import
statement (5) and have its code executed
in the REPL.
Warning
The REPL used by Mu is a well-known Python interpreter which
has been created by a different group of developers.
It has at least one bug which I have reported: if you write code
with an extra closing )
, it is not interpreted as a SyntaxError
but behaves as though more code is expected to have a complete
statement.


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Morning, noon or evening?
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Coffee
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From text translation to video captioning, learning to map one sequence to another is an increasingly active research area in machine learning. Fueled by the success of recurrent neural networks in its many variants, the field has seen rapid advances over the last few years. Recurrent neural networks are typically trained using some form of stochastic gradient descent combined with backpropagation for computing derivatives. The fact that gradient descent finds a useful set of parameters is by no means obvious. The training objective is typically non-convex. The fact that the model is allowed to maintain state is an additional obstacle that makes training of recurrent neural networks challenging.
In this post, we take a step back to reflect on the mathematics of recurrent neural networks. Interpreting recurrent neural networks as dynamical systems, we will show that stochastic gradient descent successfully learns the parameters of an unknown linear dynamical system even though the training objective is non-convex. Along the way, we’ll discuss several useful concepts from control theory, a field that has studied linear dynamical systems for decades. Investigating stochastic gradient descent for learning linear dynamical systems not only bears out interesting connections between machine learning and control theory, it might also provide a useful stepping stone for a deeper undestanding of recurrent neural networks more broadly.
Linear dynamical systems
We focus on time-invariant single-input single-output system. For an input sequence of real numbers $x_1,\dots, x_T\in \mathbb{R}$, the system maintains a sequence of hidden states $h_1,\dots, h_T\in \mathbb{R}^n$, and produces a sequence of outputs $y_1,\dots, y_T\in \mathbb{R}$ according to the following rules:
Here $A,B,C,D$ are linear transformations with compatible dimensions, and $\xi_t$ is Gaussian noise added to the output at each time. In the learning problem, often called system identification in control theory, we observe samples of input-output pairs $((x_1,\dots, x_T),(y_1,\dots y_T))$ and aim to recover the parameters of the underlying linear system.
Although control theory provides a rich set of techniques for identifying and manipulating linear systems, maximum likelihood estimation with stochastic gradient descent remains a popular heuristic.
We denote by $\Theta = (A,B,C,D)$ the parameters of the true system. We parametrize our model with $\widehat{\Theta} = (\hat{A},\hat{B},\hat{C},\hat{D})$, and the trained model maintains hidden states $\hat{h}_t$ and outputs $\hat{y}_t$ exactly as in equation (1). For each given example $(x,y) = ((x_1,\dots,x_T), (y_1,\dots, y_t))$, the log-likelihood of model $\widehat{\Theta}$ is . The population risk is defined as the expected log-likelihood,
Stochastic gradients of the population risk can be computed in time $O(Tn)$ via back-propagation given random samples. We can therefore directly minimize population risk using stochastic gradient descent. The question is just whether the algorithm actually converges. Even though the state transformations are linear, the objective function we defined is not convex. Luckily, we will see that the objective is still close enough to convex for stochastic gradient to make steady progress towards the global minimum.
Hair dryers and quasi-convex functions
Before we go into the math, let’s illustrate the algorithm with a pressing example that we all run into every morning: hair drying. Imagine you have a hair dryer with a low temperature setting and a high temperature setting. Neither setting is ideal. So every morning you switch between the settings frantically in an attempt to modulate to the ideal temperature. Measuring the resulting temperature (red line below) as a function of the input setting (green dots below), the picture you’ll see is something like this:
You can see that the output temperature is related to the inputs. If you set the temperature to high for long enough, you’ll eventually get a high output temperature. But the system has state. Briefly lowering the temperature has little effect on the outputs. Intuition suggests that these kind of effects should be captured by a system with two or three hidden states. So, let’s see how SGD would go about finding the parameters of the system. We’ll initialize a system with three hidden states such that before training its predictions are just the inputs of the system. We then run SGD with a fixed learning rate on the same sequence for 400 steps.
The blue line shows the predictions of SGD after 0/400 gradient updates. Click to advance.
Evidently, gradient descent converges just fine on this example. Let’s look at the hair dryer objective function along the line segment between two random points in the domain.
The function is clearly not convex, but it doesn’t look too bad either. In particular, from the picture, it could be that the objective function is quasi-convex:
Definition: For $\tau > 0$, a function $f(\theta)$ is $\tau$-quasi-convex with respect to a global minimum $\theta ^ * $ if for every $\theta$,
Intuitively, quasi-convexity states that the descent direction $-\nabla f(\theta)$ is positively correlated with the ideal moving direction $\theta^* -\theta$. This implies that the potential function $\left|\theta-\theta ^ * \right|^2$ decreases in expectation at each step of stochastic gradient descent. This observation plugs nicely into the standard SGD analysis, leading to the following result:
Proposition: (informal) Suppose the population risk $f(\theta)$ is $\tau$-quasi-convex, then stochastic gradient descent (with fresh samples at each iteration and proper learning rate) converges to a point $\theta_K$ in $K$ iterations with error bounded by $ f(\theta_K) - f(\theta^*) \leq O(1/(\tau \sqrt{K}))$.
The key challenge for us is to understand under what conditions we can prove that the population risk objective is in fact quasi-convex. This requires some background.
Control theory, polynomial roots, and Pac-Man
A linear dynamical system $(A,B,C,D)$ is equivalent to the system $(TAT^{-1}, TB, CT^{-1}, D)$ for any invertible matrix $T$ in terms of the behavior of the outputs. A little thought shows therefore that in its unrestricted parameterization the objective function cannot have a unique optimum. A common way of removing this redundancy is to impose a canonical form. Almost all non-degenerate system admit the controllable canonical form, defined as
We will also parametrize our training model using these forms. One of its nice properties is that the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the state transition matrix $A$ can be read off from the last row of $A$. That is,
Even in controllable canonical form, it still seems rather difficult to learn arbitrary linear dynamical systems. A natural restriction would be stability, that is, to require that the eigenvalues of $A$ are all bounded by $1.$ Equivalently, the roots of the characteristic polynomial should all be contained in the complex unit disc. Without stability, the state of the system could blow up exponentially making robust learning difficult. But the set of all stable systems forms a non-convex domain. It seems daunting to guarantee that stochastic gradient descent would converge from an arbtirary starting point in this domain without ever leaving the domain.
We will therefore impose a stronger restriction on the roots of the characteristic polynomial. We call this the Pac-Man condition. You can think of it as a strengthening of stability.
Pac-Man condition: A linear dynamical system in controllable canonical form satisfies the Pac-Man condition if the coefficient vector $a$ defining the state transition matrix satisfies for all complex numbers $z$ of modulus $|z| = 1$, where $q_a(z) = p_a(z)/z^n = 1+a_1z^{-1}+\dots + a_nz^{-n}$.
Above, we illustrate this condition for a degree 4 system plotting the value of $q_a(z)$ on complex plane for all complex numbers $z$ on the unit circle.
We note that Pac-Man condition is satisfied by vectors $a$ with $|a|_1\le \sqrt{2}/2$. Moreover, if $a$ is a random Gaussian vector with expected $\ell_2$ norm bounded by $o(1/\sqrt{\log n})$, then it will satisfy Pac-Man condition with probability $1-o(1)$. Roughly speaking, the assumption requires the roots of the characteristic polynomial $p_a(z)$ are relatively dispersed inside the unit circle.
The Pac-Man condition has three important implications:
-
It implies via Rouche’s theorem that the spectral radius of A is smaller than 1 and therefore ensures stability of the system.
-
The vectors satisfying it form a convex set in $\mathbb{R}^n$.
-
Finally, it ensures that the objective function is quasi-convex
Main result
Relying on the Pac-Man condition, we can show:
Main theorem (Hardt, Ma, Recht, 2016): Under the Pac-Man condition, projected gradient descent algorithm, given $N$ sample sequences of length $T$, returns parameters $\widehat{\Theta}$ with population risk
The theorem sorts out the right dependence on $N$ and $T$. Even if there is only one sequence, we can learn the system provided that the sequence is long enough. Similarly, even if sequences are really short, we can learn provided that there are enough sequences.
Quasi-convexity in the frequency domain
To establish quasi-convexity under the Pac-Man condition, we will first develop an explicit formula for the population risk in frequency domain. In doing so, we assume that $x_1,\dots, x_T$ are pairwise independent with mean 0 and variance 1. We also consider the population risk as $T\rightarrow \infty$ for simplicity in this post.
A simple algebraic manipulation simplifies the population risk with infinite sequence length to
The first term, $(\hat D - D)^2$ is convex and appears nowhere else. We can safely ignore it and focus on the remaining expression instead, which we call the idealized risk:
To deal with the sequence $\hat{C}\hat{A}^kB$, we take its Fourier transform and obtain that
Similarly we take the Fourier transform of $CA^kB$, denoted by $G_{\lambda}$. Then by Parseval’s Theorem, we obtain the following alternative representation of the population risk,
Mapping out $G_\lambda$ and $\widehat G_\lambda$ for all $\lambda\in [0, 2\pi]$ gives the following picture:
Left: Target transfer function $G$. Right: Approximation $\widehat G$ at step 0/10. Click to advance.
Given this pretty representation of the idealized risk objective, we can finally prove our main lemma.
Lemma: Suppose $\Theta$ satisfies the Pac-Man condition. Then, for every $0\le \lambda\le 2\pi$, $|G_{\lambda}-\widehat{G}_{\lambda}|^2$, as a function of $\hat{A},\hat{C}$ is quasi-convex in the Pac-Man region.
The lemma reduces to the following simple claim.
Claim: The function $h(\hat{u},\hat{v}) = |\hat{u}/\hat{v} - u/v|^2$ is quasi-convex in the region where $Re(\hat{v}/v) > 0$.
The proof simply involves computing the gradients and checking the conditions for quasi-convexity by elementary algebra. We omit a formal proof, but intead show a plot of the function $h(\hat{u}, \hat{v}) = (\hat{u}/\hat{v}- 1)^2$ over the reals:
Click to rotate.
To see how the lemma follows from the previous claim we note that quasi-convexity is preserved under composition with any linear transformation. Specifically, $h(z)$ is quasi-convex, then $h(R x)$ is also quasi-convex for any linear map $R$. So, consider the linear map:
With this linear transformation, our simple claim about a bivariate function extends to show that $(G_{\lambda}-\widehat{G}_{\lambda})^2$ is quasi-convex when $Re(\hat{v}/v) \ge 0$. In particular, when $\hat{a}$ and $a$ both satisfy the Pac-Man condition, then $\hat{v}$ and $v$ both reside in the 90 degree wedge. Therefore they have an angle smaller than 90 degree. This implies that $Re(\hat{v}/v) > 0$.
Conclusion
We saw conditions under which stochastic gradient descent successfully learns a linear dynamical system. In our paper, we further show that allowing our learned system to have more parameters than the target system makes the problem dramatically easier. In particular, at the expense of slight over-parameterization we can weaken the Pac-Man condition to a mild separation condition on the roots of the characteristic polynomial. This is consistent with empirical observations both in machine learning and control theory that highlight the effectiveness of additional model parameters.
More broadly, we hope that our techniques will be a first stepping stone toward a better theoretical understanding of recurrent neural networks.


I was thinking on tweaking it to druid 16 / DWD 18 / Monk 6
What do people think? Another level of spells, Monk feats, and only a minor loss of damage reduction. I'm also considering trying to figure in getting Con to 21 somehow for epic damage reduction...Might not even be possible This build should also have 8 attack correct? Including haste and flurry of blows that is.
Edited By Akimb0 on 11/01/06 15:16
Check my latest build out:
Dragon of the Stone Halls - Druid 17/DwD 22/Monk 1 + Druid 21/DwD 18/Monk 1
Cheers, Kail _________________ Wait for me Dragon, we'll meet in the sky By fire and magic, I'm sworn Hell is calling, we cannot be denied Fly to the blackness of the Storm
We must die to be reborn!
Hahaha What are the chances of that eh?
Indeed, I was amazed when I read your post cause I had just posted my build. Funny coincidences... or not? _________________ Heavy metal Or no metal at all Whimps and posers Leave the hall!
Well I was influenced by all the posts recently on the General NWN discussion to do with druids, so I thought hmm...I'd like a Dragon....Druid a must...monk a must....another lawful class....Dwarven defender I thought....Amazing coincidence lol. Doesnt dragon shape get knockdown as a feat for free anyway?
Quote: Posted 11/01/06 18:33 (GMT) -- Akimb0
Well I was influenced by all the posts recently on the General NWN discussion to do with druids, so I thought hmm...I'd like a Dragon....Druid a must...monk a must....another lawful class....Dwarven defender I thought....Amazing coincidence lol. Doesnt dragon shape get knockdown as a feat for free anyway?
No it don't. But your size-modifier makes it a very desirable feat. _________________ I see the fear you have inside, you can run but never hide.
I run the Pre-Epic Builders guild. Join and share your experience.
Sure does. Imrpoved knockdown in Dragon shape has no bonus over normal knockdown though correct? seeing as there is no size catagory larger...
Quote: Posted 11/02/06 10:43 (GMT) -- Akimb0
Sure does. Imrpoved knockdown in Dragon shape has no bonus over normal knockdown though correct? seeing as there is no size catagory larger...
Yes it has. Still adds +4 over KD. _________________ I see the fear you have inside, you can run but never hide.
I run the Pre-Epic Builders guild. Join and share your experience.


| Methods' Details |
addAdjustmentListener
- Description
- registers an adjustment event listener.
|
|
removeAdjustmentListener
- Description
- unregisters an adjustment event listener.
|
|
setValue
| [oneway] void |
| setValue( |
[in] long |
n ); |
- Description
- sets the scroll value of the scroll bar.
|
|
setValues
| [oneway] void |
| setValues( |
[in] long |
nValue, |
| [in] long |
nVisible, |
| [in] long |
nMax ); |
- Description
- sets the scroll value, visible area and maximum scroll value
of the scoll bar.
|
|
getValue
- Description
- returns the current scroll value of the scroll bar.
|
|
setMaximum
| [oneway] void |
| setMaximum( |
[in] long |
n ); |
- Description
- sets the maximum scroll value of the scroll bar.
|
|
getMaximum
- Description
- returns the currently set maximum scroll value of the scroll bar.
|
|
setLineIncrement
| [oneway] void |
| setLineIncrement( |
[in] long |
n ); |
- Description
- sets the increment for a single line move.
|
|
getLineIncrement
- Description
- returns the currently set increment for a single line move.
|
|
setBlockIncrement
| [oneway] void |
| setBlockIncrement( |
[in] long |
n ); |
- Description
- sets the increment for a block move.
|
|
getBlockIncrement
| long |
| getBlockIncrement(); |
- Description
- returns the currently set increment for a block move.
|
|
setVisibleSize
| [oneway] void |
| setVisibleSize( |
[in] long |
n ); |
- Description
- sets the visible size of the scroll bar.
|
|
getVisibleSize
- Description
- returns the currently visible size of the scroll bar.
|
|
setOrientation
| [oneway] void |
| setOrientation( |
[in] long |
n ); |
- Description
- sets the ScrollBarOrientation of the scroll bar.
|
|
| getOrientation
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


{% url 'my_honeypot' as my_honeypot %} {% url 'home:index' as home_index %} {% url 'team_attacks' as team_attacks %} {% url 'team_stats' as team_stats %}


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NoSQL & Redis
NoSQL is a class of newer data storage technologies that sidestep traditional normalized databases that use SQL and schemas. While a comprehensive review of NoSQL projects was not done, investigation was done on a few commercial and open-source NoSQL projects when Redis was selected for its easy of deployment and flexibility in exploring data structures for representing bibliographic records. Work started on ${project.name} as a distinct proof-of-concept project with Library of Congress annoucement of Bibliographic Framework
##http://nosql-database.org/, ##http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoSQLBigTable, Google App Engine, and Hadoop
- Bigtable is the original distributed storage system for managing structured data at Google and the inspiration of Hadoop and Cassandra NoSQL open-source projects.
- Google App Engine provides access to Google proprietary implementation of BigTable and GFS but is limited by restrictions and is tied to Google's Cloud.
- Hadoop is one of the fastest growing open-source implementation of BigTable. It can be complex to set-up; but would seem to work for well for an FRBR-based datastore
Other NoSQL
There are many other NoSQL datastore technologies including document stores like CouchDB and MongoDB and more well-known graph datastores FlockDB and Neo4j.
Facebook donated their Cassandra technology to the Apache foundation, that along with Amazon's Dynamo are examples of eventually‐consistent key‐value stores.
Why Redis?
The key-value Redis.io nature means Redis is fast, small, and easy to deploy; key requirements of the LOC bibliographic frameworks and crucial for smaller libraries and leaner cultural IT organizations.
- Fast, C code
- Multiple language bindings including Python, Ruby, PHP, Perl, C#, and Java.
- Easy to represent multi-dimensional nature of bibliographic records


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data
- Variable in class lists.
LinkedList.Node
data
- Variable in class trees.
LinkedBinarySearchTree.Node
delete(T)
- Method in class lists.
DoublyLinkedList
delete(int)
- Method in class lists.
DoublyLinkedList
delete(T)
- Method in class lists.
LinkedList
delete(int)
- Method in class lists.
LinkedList
delete(T)
- Method in interface lists.
List
Removes
one
instance of element from the list.
delete(int)
- Method in interface lists.
List
Deletes the element at position
index
of the list.
delete(T)
- Method in class lists.
StaticArrayList
delete(int)
- Method in class lists.
StaticArrayList
delete(T)
- Method in interface trees.
BinarySearchTree
Removes the specified element from the tree and returns it.
delete(T)
- Method in class trees.
LinkedBinarySearchTree
deleteAll(T)
- Method in class lists.
DoublyLinkedList
deleteAll(T)
- Method in class lists.
LinkedList
deleteAll(T)
- Method in interface lists.
List
Removes
all
instances of element from the list.
deleteAll(T)
- Method in class lists.
StaticArrayList
deleteMin()
- Method in class heaps.
ArrayMinHeap
deleteMin()
- Method in class heaps.
LinkedMinHeap
deleteMin()
- Method in interface heaps.
MinHeap
Returns
and removes
the minimum element from the
MinHeap
.
dequeue()
- Method in class fifoqueues.
CircularArrayFIFOQueue
dequeue()
- Method in interface fifoqueues.
FIFOQueue
Removes and returns the element at the front of the queue.
dequeue()
- Method in class fifoqueues.
LinearArrayFIFOQueue
dequeue()
- Method in class fifoqueues.
LinkedFIFOQueue
dequeue()
- Method in class priorityqueues.
LinearPriorityQueue
dequeue()
- Method in class priorityqueues.
MinHeapPriorityQueue
dequeue()
- Method in interface priorityqueues.
PriorityQueue
Returns
and deletes
the top element of the
PriorityQueue
.
DoublyLinkedList
<
T
> - Class in
lists
A
DoublyLinkedList
is a
LinkedList
whose nodes have two references, one pointing to the previous and one to the next node.
DoublyLinkedList()
- Constructor for class lists.
DoublyLinkedList
DoublyLinkedListTest
- Class in
lists.test
A testing framework for
DoublyLinkedList
.
DoublyLinkedListTest()
- Constructor for class lists.test.
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Effective From 01st OCTOBER, 2015 - 30th SEPTEMBER, 2016
All Tariff Based on Per Person Per Night
| Plan |
Per pax per night |
Indian Rupees |
| Continental Plan (C.P.) (Bed & Breakfast) |
Twin Sharing |
Rs. 3000 |
|
Single Occupancy |
Rs. 4800 |
| American Plan (A.P.) (Accommodation & Buffet) |
Twin Sharing |
Rs. 3500 |
|
Single Occupancy |
Rs. 5600 |
Taxes extra: (A) Luxury Tax. (B) Vat. (C) Service tax and any other taxes as applicable.
SAFARI BOOKINGS :
- Safari bookings are on first come first serve basis, subject to availability. Please enquire for availability
- Photo ID’s would be required for safari booking, original of which is to be produced at the time of safari. On all wednesday evenings, safaris in Madhya Pradesh parks are only allowed in specific zones
- Full safari payment in advance on our confirming the availability.
- Cancellation or amendment will be as per forest department regulation
Note: During Monsoons though the core area of the national parks are closed. However, adjoining Sanctuaries & buffer Zones are open for Safaris.
Monsoons are indeed a beautiful time to visit Sanctuaries with lush greenery flowing rivulets coupled with great wildlife sightings.
PACKAGE COST INCLUDES:
- Meals: Choice of Indian, Continental and Chinese Cuisine.
- Wildlife Films / Lectures
- Services of Experienced Naturalists / Guides
- Campfire
- Library with books on Wildlife & Nature
- Nature Trek
* ABOVE SERVICES AS PER SPECIFIC PACKAGE SELECTED
PAYMENT TERMS :
- Due to limited accommodation at our Resorts, a deposit of 50% is required to secure confirmed bookings.
- All reservations requests will be tentative, unless accompanied by 50% advance. Balance 50% payment should be made 30 days prior to the guests’ arrival at the Resorts.
- Payments have to be made as per Terms & Conditions applicable; a 18% p.a. interest will be levied on any delays thereof.
REMITTANCES: Cheques / Credit Cards Are Accepted At Our Mumbai Office. Outstation Payments Need To Be Made Via RTGS/ NEFT/ Online Transfer / Pay Order.
|
Cheques / Demand Draft should be drawn in favour of Account Holder Name: Indian Adventure (Kanha) |
|
Bank Name : ICICI Bank |
|
Account Type : Current Account. |
| For Wild Chalet Resort : |
Account No. :<PHONE_NUMBER>39. |
|
IFSC: ICIC0000038. |
|
Branch Add: Water Field Road, Bandra West Mumbai. |
|
Branch City: Bandra West, Mumbai – 400050. |
|
E-mail Id<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
CANCELLATION CHARGES :
- 25% - Minimum cancellation charges.
- 50% - If Cancelled less than 30 days from date of check in.
- NO REFUND in case of cancellations made less than 10 days from date of check in.
- NO REFUND applicable on JUNGLE SAFARIS
RATES SUBJECT TO REVISION WITHOUT NOTICE
ALL DISPUTES ARE SUBJECT TO MUMBAI JURISDICTION


[§451K-16] Rules. The department may adopt rules under chapter 91 as necessary for the purposes of this chapter. [L 2009, c 191, pt of §2]


Tone.Loop creates a looped callback at the specified interval. The callback can be started, stopped and scheduled along the Transport's timeline.
The callback to invoke with the event.
The time between successive callback calls.
var loop = new Tone.Loop(function(time){
//triggered every eighth note.
console.log(time);
}, "8n").start(0);
Tone.Transport.start();
The callback to invoke with the next event in the pattern
The state of the Loop, either started or stopped.
The progress of the loop as a value between 0-1. 0, when the loop is stopped or done iterating.
The playback rate of the loop. The normal playback rate is 1 (no change).
A playbackRate
of 2 would be twice as fast.
Random variation +/-0.01s to the scheduled time. Or give it a time value which it will randomize by.
Muting the Loop means that no callbacks are invoked.
The number of iterations of the loop. The default value is Infinity (loop forever).
Start the loop at the specified time along the Transport's timeline.
Stop the loop at the given time.
Cancel all scheduled events greater than or equal to the given time