Ansible is an automation tool, with strong focus on security and reliability. Use of OpenSSH for transport.
Ansible manages machines in an agent-less manner. Decentralized by using existing OS credentials to control access to remote machines. It will try to use native OpenSSH for remote communication when possible.
This enables ControlPersist, Kerberos, and JumpHost. Ansible does not expose a channel to allow communication between user and the ssh process.
Ad-hoc task execution
Playbook execution
Playbook are the basis for really simple configuration management and multi-machine deployment system.
While I might run the main program for ad-hoc tasks, playbooks are more likely to be kept in source control.
Consists of one or more plays.
A play maps a group of hosts to some well defined roles, represented by things ansible calls tasks.
A task is a call to an ansible module.
By composing a playbook of multiple ‘plays’, it is possible to orchestrate multi-machine deployments.
For each play, I get to define which machines are targeted, and what the remote user should do to complete the tasks.
hosts
line is a list of 1 or more groups or host patterns, separated by colons. remote_user
is name of user account.
Each play contains a list of tasks. Tasks executed in order, one at a time, against all machines matched by a host pattern.
Hosts with failed tasks are taken out of rotation for entire playbook.
Modules should be idempotent. Should always check if desired final state has been achieved, and if state has been achieved, to exit without performing any actions.
name
is a human readable output.
Handlers list of tasks referenced by a globally unique name, notified by notifiers. Handlers are listed in the notify
section.
ansible-pull : small script that checksout a repo of configuration instructions from git
ansible-lint : runs a detailed check of playbook
Should be specified in the config files. There should be a concern when replaying as the variables might not be the same/not declared
Register variables are used when we want to capture output of a task to a register. Some modules have specific return values.
Lookup plugins allow Ansible to access data from outside sources. This means that ansible can read file system, contact external datastores, services. Evaluated on the Ansible control machine and not the target or remote.
Lookup plugins can be used anywhere in the templating in Ansible: in a play, variables file, Jinja2 template for the template module.
query
is used for lookup plugins.


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HTTP in Networking protocol Stack
TCP/IP Network Programming Design Pattens in C++
Play with others
- dns
host google.com nslookup renrendai.com
dns && ip.src=[localhost’s ip] on wireshark to filter the packets
- ssh
ssh<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- ping
ping www.renrendai.com
- NTP on UDP
echo "Hello world" > /dev/udp/<IP_ADDRESS>/8080
Play with HTTP
- as a client
set up a simple server first
- HEAD method
HEAD / HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost
- method or http version not support
OPTIONS / HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost GET / HTTP/2.0 Host: localhost
- make a request to get standard http response
telnet localhost 8000
- as a server
- make a response tell browser to redirect
HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect Location: https://www.renrendai.org/
- a response to tell not exist
HTTP/1.1 404 Not found Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8  <title>Not found</title> Can't find the resource.
- make a normal response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-type: text/plain Content-length: 50 Hello, browser! I am a real HTTP server, honestly!
3. try some real website
- get 3xx status code
telnet google.com 80
Command line tools
- http-server #node module
- python -m SimpleHTTPServer
- python3 -m http.server 8000
- ncat -l 8080 && ncat localhost 8080 # use wireshark to capture the communication
- dig, host or nslookup #lookup address or domain name from DNS
- echo “Hello world” > /dev/udp/<IP_ADDRESS>/3000 # send data using UDP
- Swiss File Knife
Reference
- HTTP概述
- An easy way to send UDP packets in Linux
- HTTP request methods
- HTTP/1.1: Status Code Definitions


Netflix Announces 'Chilling Adventures of Sabrina' Season 3 Release Date
“Welcome to Hell.”
by Mallory ChinAlthough Part 2 of Chilling Adventures of Sabrina only aired earlier this year in April, Netflix is gearing up to release a new batch of episodes from the hit series.
Warning: This post contains spoilers.
In the super short teaser trailer shared by the streaming giant over the weekend, Sabrina Spellman (portrayed by Kiernan Shipka) is seen wearing a red hooded robe while walking through the fog. “Welcome to Hell,” a witchy narrator voice whispers in the trailer. The clip then reveals the upcoming season’s release date of January 24, 2020.
According to the show synopsis, even though Sabrina defeated her father Lucifer Morningstar/The Dark Lord (Luke Cook) last season, he remains trapped within the human body of her boyfriend, Nick Scratch (Gavin Leatherwood).  Sabrina and her mortal friends must then ban together to help save Nick from eternal damnation.
The show’s inaugural season debuted in October of 2018, followed by a Christmas special in December of the same year. Season 3 of Chilling Adventures of Sabrina will contain around eight episodes.
In related news, You season 2 trailer teases Joe starting a new life in Los Angeles.


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We are the team of 3 people who are crazy enough to make great product that helps people
make their life easier, better and smarter. Our whole purpose is to is make the world a
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live.
We work on latest technology of 2016 to make really cool product in mainly 3 fields.
- Web Technology
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(#) Invalid attribute for Wear uses-feature !!! ERROR: Invalid attribute for Wear uses-feature This is an error. Id : `InvalidWearFeatureAttribute` Summary : Invalid attribute for Wear uses-feature Severity : Error Category : Correctness Platform : Android Vendor : Android Open Source Project Feedback : https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708 Affects : Manifest files Editing : This check runs on the fly in the IDE editor See : https://developer.android.com/training/wearables/apps/packaging.html Implementation : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-checks/src/main/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/WearStandaloneAppDetector.java) Tests : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/WearStandaloneAppDetectorTest.java) Copyright Year : 2016 For the `android.hardware.type.watch` uses-feature, android:required="false" is disallowed. A single APK for Wear and non-Wear devices is not supported. (##) Example Here is an example of lint warnings produced by this check: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~text AndroidManifest.xml:4:Error: android:required="false" is not supported for this feature [InvalidWearFeatureAttribute] <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.type.watch" android:required="false"/> ------------------------ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Here is the source file referenced above: `AndroidManifest.xml`: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xml linenumbers <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <uses-sdk android:targetSdkVersion="23" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.type.watch" android:required="false"/> <application> <meta-data android:name="com.google.android.wearable.standalone" android:value="true" /> </application> </manifest> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can also visit the [source code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/WearStandaloneAppDetectorTest.java) for the unit tests for this check to see additional scenarios. The above example was automatically extracted from the first unit test found for this lint check, `WearStandaloneAppDetector.testInvalidAttributeValueForUsesFeature`. To report a problem with this extracted sample, visit https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708. (##) Suppressing You can suppress false positives using one of the following mechanisms: * Adding the suppression attribute `tools:ignore="InvalidWearFeatureAttribute"` on the problematic XML element (or one of its enclosing elements). You may also need to add the following namespace declaration on the root element in the XML file if it's not already there: `xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"`. ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <manifest xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"> ... <uses-feature tools:ignore="InvalidWearFeatureAttribute" .../> ... </manifest> ``` * Using a special `lint.xml` file in the source tree which turns off the check in that folder and any sub folder. A simple file might look like this: ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <lint> <issue id="InvalidWearFeatureAttribute" severity="ignore" /> </lint> ``` Instead of `ignore` you can also change the severity here, for example from `error` to `warning`. You can find additional documentation on how to filter issues by path, regular expression and so on [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/lintxml.md.html). * In Gradle projects, using the DSL syntax to configure lint. For example, you can use something like ```gradle lintOptions { disable 'InvalidWearFeatureAttribute' } ``` In Android projects this should be nested inside an `android { }` block. * For manual invocations of `lint`, using the `--ignore` flag: ``` $ lint --ignore InvalidWearFeatureAttribute ...` ``` * Last, but not least, using baselines, as discussed [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/baselines.md.html).


Aug 26, 2016 11:05 AM
When consultations at the TC Graduate Writing Center became a free service in the Spring of 2015, a surge of new users arrived at the Center with varying expectations and hopes for what could be done for them. But while we quote Stephen North (1984) in our mission "to produce better writers, not better writing," the perception of the Center as a "fix-it" or remedial service has grown. The view of writing as a product rather than a process persists, and we at the Center struggle with ways of not only pushing back on this expectation but adapting to the needs of the TC community (students and faculty alike). Our hope for this seminar is to share some of the steps we have already taken as well as discuss other possibilities with outside thinkers engaged in the future of education. Ben Villarreal is the Coordinator of the Teachers College Graduate Writing Center as well as a doctoral student and adjunct instructor in the English Education program. He also teaches Freshman English for CUNY, where he is researching the use of video games as texts for his dissertation. He has been working in writing centers for the past 10 years, beginning as a masters student and then as Assistant Coordinator of Academic Enrichment Programs at New Mexico Highlands University. This work has acquainted him with many aspects of student life in and out of the classroom, experience he uses to better understand student and faculty expectations.


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CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:1:- IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH CRM-M No.5743 of 2013. Date of decision : December 21, 2013 M/s Ashoka Stone Crushing Company ...... Petitioner Versus The State of Haryana ...... Respondent CORAM : HON'BLE MR.JUSTICE AMOL RATTAN SINGH *** Present : Mr. Hemant Saini, Advocate, for the petitioner. Mr. G.S. Sandhu, A.A.G. Haryana. *** AMOL RATTAN SINGH, J.
1. This petition, invoking Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, seeks quashing of FIR No.25 dated 22.1.2013, registered at Police Station, Khaidki Daula, Tehsil and District Gurgaon, with regard to an offence punishable under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom.
A prayer for interim order of stay of proceedings has also been made.
2. At the outset, Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code is reproduced hereinunder :-
S.188. "Whoever, knowing that, by an order promulgated Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:2:- by a public servant lawfully empowered to promulgate such order, he is directed to abstain from a certain act, or to take certain order with certain property in his possession or under his management, disobeys such direction, shall, if such disobedience causes or tends to cause obstruction, annoyance or injury, or risk of obstruction, annoyance or injury, to any person lawfully employed, be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both;
and if such disobedience causes or trends to cause danger to human life, health or safety, or causes or tends to cause a riot or affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both".
Explanation: - It is not necessary that the offender should intend to produce harm, or contemplate his disobedience as likely to produce harm. It is sufficient that he knows of the order which he disobeys, and that his disobedience produces, or is likely to produce, harm.
3. Thus the above provision provides for punishment for violation of an order promulgated by a public servant.
4. The allegation in the FIR, registered at the instance of The Assistant Mining Engineer, Gurgaon, is that, vide order of this Court (a Division Bench), dated 2.8.2012, the closure of operation of the petitioners' Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:3:- stone crusher had been directed. The complaint further states that in view of the above, the Director Mines and Geology, Haryana, had, vide order dated 29.8.2012, cancelled the application of the petitioner for grant of licence also.
5. On 21.1.2013, the checking staff of the Assistant Mining Engineers' Office submitted a report, that the petitioner has again started crushing activities, in violation of the Haryana Regulation and Control of Crushers Act, 1991. Thus the order of the Division Bench, dated 2.8.2012 (Annexure P-2 with the petition), had been violated.
6. Consequently, the complainant requested for registration of an FIR, upon which the police made out an offence under Section 188 of the IPC, as also, (without mentioning the specific provision) of the Haryana Regulations and Control of Crushers Act, 1991.
7. Mr. Hemant Saini, learned counsel for the petitioner, on 12.08.2013, had submitted that the same Division Bench, as had passed the order dated 2.8.2012 in CWP No.19634 of 2010, had also, while dismissing the petition filed by the petitioner (CWP No.18708 of 2012), on 20.09.2012, granted liberty to the petitioner to file an appeal against the order impugned in that petition. That order was the same one as was referred to in the FIR, "cancelling the application for grant of licence to the crusher". He had further submitted that the Appellate Authority {Appellate Authority under the water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, AIR (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Bio Medical Wate (Management and Handling) Rules, 1988}, vide order dated 17.10.2012, had stayed operation of the said order and had specifically allowed the unit to run. A copy of the said order of the Appellate Authority is also annexed with the Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:4:- petition as Annexure P-4.
The argument, therefore, was that when the unit itself had been allowed to run by a competent authority, there was no question of any disobedience to an order. However, Mr. Saini further submitted that an assurance had been given to the Division Bench, in CWP No.19634 of 2010, on 31.1.2013, that despite the permission given by the Appellate Authority, the crusher would not function and, consequently, it was not functioning even now.
8. He had further submitted that there was also no violation of any provision of the Environment Protection Act and that the Special Environment Court had specifically exonerated the proprietor of the petitioner-firm, of any violation of the Indian Forest Act, vide its judgment dated 25.07.2012 (Annexure P-5).
9. In view of the above contentions, not refuted by the State, coercive action against the petitioner had been stayed by this Court, pursuant to the FIR registered.
10. At the time of final arguments, Mr. Saini had again reiterated the above, as also the contents of the pleadings which are, in essence, the same as what has been noted above and further state that, in any case, any violation of the High Court order dated 2.8.2012 was only on account of a misinterpretation / misunderstanding, as the Appellate Authority had specifically allowed the petitioner to run its stone crusher, vide order dated 17.10.2012. Thus, the running of the crusher could not be treated to be a violation of any order duly promulgated, so as to attract Section 188 of the IPC.
11. In the reply filed on behalf of the respondent-State, it has been Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:5:- stated that, firstly, the petitioner was in violation of the order of the Division Bench and secondly, since there is no licence issued to the petitioner to run a stone crusher, he was in violation of statutory requirements and consequently, for both these reasons, the FIR was registered.
12. It has also been stated that the licence was not issued because, as per the Haryana Regulation Control of Stone Crushers Rules 1992, a no objection certificate was required to be obtained by the petitioner from the Haryana State Pollution Control Board, which had not been so obtained.
13. At the outset, the question would be as to whether the FIR itself is maintainable or not.
14. Section 195(1)(a)(i) places a bar on any Court to take cognizance of any offence punishable under Sections 172 to 188 of the IPC (both inclusive), except on the complaint in writing of the public servant concerned, or of some public servant to whom he is administratively subordinate.
15. In the present case, no doubt, the complaint is made by the Assistant Mining Engineer, who is a public servant subordinate to the Director of Mines and Geology, who had issued the order dated 29.8.2012.
However, Mr. Saini has placed reliance upon a Division Bench Judgment of this Court in the case of Jeevan Kumar vs. State of Punjab and Ors. reported in 2008(2) PLR, 675, wherein it was held, in Para No.8 thereof, that:-
...... "in other words no FIR can be registered by the Police. It would not be open to the Police to register a case against the offender for offence punishable under Section 188 IPC and then to submit a report under Section 173 of the Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:6:- Code to the concerned Court".
The Division Bench had agreed with a earlier Single Bench Judgment of this Court in that regard, passed in Jagtar Singh vs. Union Territory, Chandigarh (1996) (1) R.C.R. (Criminal) 669, wherein it was held that Section 195(1) of the Code "does not contemplate investigation in a normal way by the Police and filing of the challan, but the complaint has to be presented directly to the concerned Court".
16. Thus, it is obvious that the complaint itself was made in a wrong forum (Police), which has been held to be debarred from taking cognizance of an offence punishable under Section 188 IPC. As such, the FIR is not maintainable and thus necessarily has to be quashed.
However, I shall proceed to discuss the issue on merits also, as to whether an offence under Section 188, IPC, or even under Haryana Regulation of Crushers Act, 1991, in the circumstances, is made out.
17. Since the reply of the respondent State, as also the FIR itself, give a two fold reason for invoking Section 188 IPC, let us examine each reason, qua the initiation of proceedings under Section 188, against the petitioner.
18. As regards the order of the Division Bench dated 2.8.2012 (Annexure P-2), it categorically directed the petitioner, who was respondent No.7 in that petition, along with two more stone crushers, to stop operation on that date itself. The Director Mines and Geology, Haryana, was also directed to take a final decision on the pending application (for grant of licence), of respondents No.7 to 9 in that petition, within 3 days.
19. That license not having been granted and the stone crusher having been directed to stop operations, a petition bearing CWP No.18708 Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:7:- of 2012 was filed by the petitioner and the other two stone crushers, taking shelter of the order of the Special Environment Court, Faridabad, dated 25.7.2012, to say that they were not in violation of any Environment Act and, as such, could not have been refused a licence.
20. As already stated earlier, that petition was dismissed with liberty to avail of the remedy of appeal. The Appellate Court having specifically allowed the petitioner to run its stone crusher vide order dated 17.10.2012, obviously the petitioner was not in disobedience of the order of a public servant, i.e. Director Mines & Geology, so as to come within the purview of Section 188 IPC.
21. Could he, therefore, be held to be in violation of the said provision, on account of violation of the order of this Court dated 12.08.2012?
22. In my opinion that also cannot be so, for the same reason as has been noticed above. It is obvious that the Division Bench of this Court had allowed the petitioner to approach the Appellate Authority against the order passed subsequent to 2.8.2012, i.e. the order dated 29.8.2012 of the Director, Mines & Geology, and the Appellate Authority had allowed the petitioner to run the unit. It was only on January 31, 2013, thereafter, that an assurance was given to the Division Bench, that despite the order of the Appellate Authority, the crusher would not run, which order, admittedly, is not being violated.
23. Thus, Section 188 IPC could not have been invoked against the petitioner, for alleged violation of the order of the Division Bench, dated 2.8.2012, in the above given circumstances.
24. Secondly, as regards the order dated 29.08.2012 being violated, Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:8:- obviously there is no violation thereof also, in view of the stay of that order, specifically, by the Appellate Authority.
25. On the same analogy, there cannot be any violation of the provisions of the Haryana Regulation of Crushers Act, 1991, due to non- obtaining of a licence, at least between 17.10.2012 and 31.1.2013, as the order of the Appellate Authority, allowing the unit to run, remained in operation till an assurance was given before the Division Bench that, despite the said order, the unit would not run.
26. In view of the above, this petition is allowed and FIR No.25 dated 22.01.2013, registered for the alleged commission of offences punishable under Section 188 of the IPC and under the provisions of the Haryana Regulation and Control of Crushers Act, 1991, registered at Police Station Khaidki Daula, Tehsil and District Gurgaon, along with all consequential proceedings arising therefrom, is hereby quashed.
27. However, allowing of the petition, even holding that on merits the petitioner is not in violation of the Haryana Regulation Control of Crushers Act, 1991 or Section 188 IPC, will not be construed to mean that the petitioner can operate its crushing unit, either without proper licences and permissions as are required by any provisions of law, or in contravention of any judicial order.
The above observations are given in view of the fact that the running of the petitioners' unit after 2.8.2012, up-till 31.1.2013, was obviously only in view of the stay granted to it by the "Appellate Authority under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act, 1981 and Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1988".
Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M No.5743 of 2013 -:9:- For future running of the unit, obviously the petitioner would be bound by the order dated 31.01.2013 and any subsequent order of the Division Bench and by all statutory requirements which are required to be complied with, for running of stone crushers.
( AMOL RATTAN SINGH ) December 21, 2013 JUDGE Gaurav Sorot Sorot Gaurav 2014.01.14 14:24 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document


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Table of Contents:
E-Mail services on the Internet exchange messages through a clients/servers mechanism where the client sends and retrieves mail from servers who store these messages for future forwarding (store and forward.) Three components of e-mail (as noted above) is the service for (a) clients to recieve their mail (b) servers to recieve mail from clients 'store', and (c) servers to 'forward' stored mail.
The default mail server (sendmail) installed with OpenBSD can be activated for processing incoming and queues by reviewing the /etc/rc.conf file.
In this instruction sheet we will take a look at the postfix mail server, which we have been playing with for a while.
1. Setup services to process the SMTP as well as forwarding Mail Queues
2. Setup services for Processing POP
a) Install the package
b)
| File: /etc/rc.conf | enable/disable sendmail in this configuration file |
| File: /etc/rc | launches sendmail using the switches specified in /etc/rc.conf |
sendmail is installed as part of the base installation of OpenBSD 2.6 and 2.7. To have sendmail service smtp queries, we make changes to the /etc/rc.conf file.
File: /etc/rc.conf
change the line that reads
| sendmail="-q30m" # for normal use: "-bd -q30m" |
to be
| sendmail="-bd –q30m" # for normal use: "-bd -q30m" |
The line specifies switches (command line options) that /etc/rc will pass sto sendmail during system startup. –bd tells sendmail to run as a daemon, running in the background, listening for and handling incoming SMTP connections. As a daemon, sendmail does a listen(2) on TCP port 25 for incoming SMTP messages. When another site connects to the listening daemon, the daemon performs a fork(2) and the child handles receipt of the incoming mail message. This is the preferred method for high use (smtp) servers.
The /etc/rc file checks for the value of the above 'options' and if options exist the /etc/rc will execute sendmail with the given options.
Further Documentation ? The Sendmail Operations Manual has a number of suggested recommendations, scripts clearly described for starting sendmail as an smtp service.
In a LAN only mail setup the queuing may not be necessary. The Sendmail bat book suggests 1h is a good setting for most sites, and for sites with few users –q15m may be appropriate to ensure immediate delivery of mail.
An alternative method for starting sendmail to process smtp requests is to use the inetd super server to launch sendmail on an as need basis.
Add a line (or modify an existing line) so that smtp requests causes an action by inetd
File: /etc/inetd.conf
|
smtp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/sendmail sendmail –bs |
The line tells inetd to launch sendmail on smtp requests. Verify that sendmail exists in the /usr/sbin folder. The “-bs” command tells sendmail to (a) be launched in “SMTP on standard input” (b) collect SMTP message over its standard input/output (c) deliver the message, and exit
Note that the above command does not specify when to process queued messages.
Force inetd to reload and read the new configuration by using the below command.
# kill –HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`
Note (alternative SMTP processor): OpenBSD 2.7 (2.6?) ships with the Obtuse Systems SMTPD message storing daemon (/usr/libexec/smtpd) and the Obtuse Systems SMTPFWDD message forwarding daemon (/usr/libexec/smtpfwdd). I haven't used it but it is documented in the man pages and http://www.obtuse.com/smtpd.html
Package: popa3d-0.3.tgz (OpenBSD 2.6 or popa3d-0.4.tgz in OpenBSD 2.7)
source-file: cucipop-1.31.tar.gz (available from the distfiles directory)
The simplest, fastest way to install the pop daemon is to install the popa3d-0.4.tgz package using pkg_add
# pkg_add /[path-to-package]/popa3d-0.4.tgz
pkg_add extracts the files and documentation from the popa3d package and specifically places the binary popa3d into the /usr/local/libexec directory. Verify the location of popa3d file.
Now we need to configure the super server inetd to route pop requests to be handled by our installed pop daemon. To do this we make the following changes.
File: /etc/services - Make sure there exists a line specifying port address 110 as a pop3 service
|
pop3 110/tcp # Post Office
Protocol 3 |
File: /etc/inetd.conf - Make sure you have a line specifying the pop services (pop3) and the responsibility for handling it is popa3d as shown in this example.
|
pop3 stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/libexec/popa3d popa3d |
After making the changes, force inetd to re-read its configuration file by sending it the hang up signal.
# kill –HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`
We now have a functioning smtp server (sendmail) and a functioning pop server (popa3d) Mail should be recieved and delivered on your mail-server.
source-file: imap-4.7c2.tar.Z(available from the distfiles directory)
The UW IMAP Toolkit provides an IMAP server, necessary for advanced mailing options required by Web Based Mail services such as IMP and TWIG. There are security concerns (for some) with the UW imap installation, be concerned and review the web information available. The following is the process for installing and configuring an IMAP server:
(1) extract the source code,
(2) compile/make the binaries and
(3) copy the binaries to where other OpenBSD system tools expect the files.
(4) edit configuration files
(5) restart the inetd super-server
(1) Extract the source code, untar the distribution
# cd /usr/src
# tar -zxf /[path-to-tar-source]/imap-4.7c2.tar.Z
# cd imap-4.7c2
(2) Make/Compile the binaries. We use "bso" to specify building for OpenBSD and the make process creates sub-directories c-client, ipopd and imapd where it makes the binaries to be used. (3) After building we need to move the daemon files where we want to set up processing, I have chosen /usr/local/libexec because that's where the package system put the popa3d daemon so I hope I'm following some sort of standard with the file placement.
# make bso
# mv ipopd/ipop2d /usr/local/libexec
# mv ipopd/ipop3d /usr/local/libexec
# mv imapd/imapd /usr/local/libexec
[ref: IMP FAQ]
Optional: The next part is not necessary for mail delivery, but for compiling programs that need c-client (IMAP) support. The same results should be achievable by installing the c-client packages and copying only the *.h files described below.
Compiling IMAP support into programs will require the c-client header files in a 'standard' location and c-client library files. An example when these files are needed is if you compile php with IMAP support.
|
# cp c-client/c-client.a /usr/local/lib # cp src/c-client/rfc822.h /usr/local/include # cp src/c-client/mail.h /usr/local/include # cp c-client/linkage.h /usr/local/include
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/c-client.a /usr/local/lib/libc-client.a |
Optional: Documentation for IMAP is included with the source distribution and since I regularly clean out my /usr/src directories it would be good to manually copy the documentation to another location:
# mkdir /usr/share/doc/imap-4.7c2
# mv README* /usr/share/doc/imap-4.7c2
# cd docs
# mv * /usr/share/doc/imap-4.7c2
(4) Update the files /etc/services and /etc/inetd.conf where necessary (the files should be something similar to the following files.)
Review the file: /etc/services which should already have lines like the following:
|
pop2 109/tcp
# Post Office Protocol 2 |
Edit the file: /etc/inetd.conf and include lines like the following
|
pop2 stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/libexec/ipop2d ipop2d pop3 stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/libexec/ipop3d ipop3d imap stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/libexec/imapd imapd imap3 stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/libexec/imapd imapd |
(5) restart the inetd daemon
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`
The imap revision I use in this example was pulled down from the imap web-site (http://www.washington.edu/imap/) An earlier revision of the same release was available on the OpenBSD distfile mirrors, and the current release may be there now.
For some reason the php compilation fails without the 'ln -s /usr/local/lib/c-client.a usr/local/lib/libc-client.a' The actual file was not found on my hard disk and the closest file /usr/local/lib/libc-client4.a seems to be the same file ? If the above link is not performed than the php3-3.0.16 fails during compilation complaining about problems with the non-existent libc-client.a library.
The following are tweaks to the configuration files to get the system working smoothly on my configuration and may be helpful.
| File: /etc/mail/sendmail.cf | |
| File: /etc/mail/relay-domains | List of domains for which you allow relaying through your server |
| File: /etc/hosts | known hostnames |
| File: /usr/share/sendmail/cf/ | Sample Configuration Files for Sendmail |
Sometimes things may not be happening because you just can't tell who you are (as the mail server.) To find out who sendmail things it is serving as, use the following commands.
|
# sendmail -d0 < /dev/null |
|
[ . . . stuff cut-out . . . ] ============ SYSTEM IDENTITY (after readcf) ============ (short domain name) $w = myhostname (canonical domain name) $j = myhostname.mydomain.com (subdomain name) $m = mydomain.com (node name) $k = myhostname ======================================================== [ . . . stuff cut-out . . . ]
|
The screen displays a number of useful information that may assist you in reviewing your assumptions about what settings have been given to sendmail.
When Sendmail starts it will try to determine the name of the server by using the gethostname and getbyhostname system call. You may also need to edit the /etc/hosts file for the reason specified below from the IMAP Toolkit FAQ
From the IMAP Toolkit FAQ
|
Q: Why isn't it showing the local host name as
a fully-qualified domain name? <IP_ADDRESS> bombastic.blurdybloop.com bombastic
A common mistake of novice system administrators is to have the short name first, e.g. <IP_ADDRESS> bombastic bombastic.blurdybloop.com
or to omit the fully qualified domain name entirely, e.g. <IP_ADDRESS> bombastic
|
If your system pauses for a length of time when sendmail is started, the above situation may be the solution for your problem.
Make sure we have a fully qualified domain associated with each ip address used by the server. With two network cards, OpenBSD will only specify the domain name for one of the network ip addresses. [Discovered the same problem with Linux Mandrake 7.1]
File: /etc/hosts
|
# The NIC for the external connection
is: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd (a legitimate ip address from my ISP) |
[Ref OpenBSD FAQ - 10.0 System Management -> 10.4 ... Relay Access Denied ...]
I want the server to service all smtp messages sent from users in my private-ip network, regardless of where they are sending it from. To do this, we create the file /etc/mail/relay-domains and include a list of the host domains we will service. For example, if the server domain is mydomain.com then including mydomain.com in the /etc/mail/relay-hosts file lets me smtp messages from a remote client, so long as I specify my user information is @mydomain.com
Create or Edit: /etc/mail/relay-domains
mydomain.com
What we are doing above assumes the standard /etc/mail/sendmail.cf supplied with the OpenBSD 2.7 install. To verify the name of the file where we can place relay-domains use:
# cat /etc/mail/sendmail.cf | grep relay-domains
and the output would be something like this (if the the sendmail.cf supports relaying.)
FR-o /etc/mail/relay-domains
If you do not get something similar to the above, then you will have to create another sendmail.cf (cf. /usr/share/sendmail) Sendmail 8.9 changes the previous behaviour of Sendmail, where it now defaults to not forwarding e-mail to combat bulk-mailers/spammers. So, the sendmail.cf needs to include some support for relaying mail from other domains. Look at using
define(confCR_FILE,`/etc/mail/relay-domains')
General format for the /etc/mail/relay-domains file is:
| .mydomain.com | #Allow relaying for/to any host in mydomain.com |
| sub.mydomain.com | #Allow relaying for/to sub.mydomain.com and any host in that domain |
| 10.2 | #Allow relaying from all hosts in the IP net 10.2.*.* |
Although sendmail is hard to grasp, there is an abundance of documentation on how to use, configure, and validate your sendmail configuration. This abundant information is available online and in print. The following tidbits are some of the commands I've used to check my sendmail configurations, they are in no special order and in many cases not cleverly written. For a list of reference resoureces visit the Sendmail site http//www.sendmail.org
To get a listing of mail stuck in the queue (not yet delivered and for what reason) then you can use the "-bp" option of sendmail. For example:
|
# sendmail -bp |
| /var/spool/mqueue
(1 request) ----Q-ID---- --Size-- -----Q-Time----- ------------Sender/Recipient------------ e6UBU7B02385 24 Mon Jul 31 00:30<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(host map: lookup (externalserver.com): deferred<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
-v (verbose) -d (debug) are two modes which print extra diagnostic information on the screen while processing.
sendmail -v user-id < info-to-send
The -v (verbose) option will display sendmail's activities in trying to send mail to user-id. I find this especially useful when trying to understand why sendmail fails trying to send to an external host. You can use a user-id on another machine to watch what sendmail's doing in trying to send your mail to that external host. For example:
sendmail -v<EMAIL_ADDRESS>< info-to-send
The above will display the sendmail session trying to connect to the SMTP port at remotehost.com. With the details of the connection you can see any rejection messages from the external host.
sendmail -d## user-id < info-to-send
The -d (debug) option (as it should) can generate a lot of information and it is up to you to select the level of information that is useful for isolating the cause of your problem. Further documentation should be available at http://www.sendmail.org otherwise I have seen the use of -d40 (limit output to information about the queue) -d0 (produce general debugging information, as shown in earlier example above.)
To get a comprehensive listing from sendmail of the current settings, use the -d option without qualifiers.
# sendmail -d < /dev/null
The screen output will display the compiled in options and some of the settings configured for sendmail. This is not a comprehensive list of settings.
[ref: dig(1)]
sendmail prioritises mail using the MX records given by your DNS server. It may be useful sometimes to verify your assumptions of what the MX records are saying by interrogating the MX records with dig, and to follow a mail message using sendmail -v.
| # dig mydomain.com mx |
| ; <<>> DiG 2.2 <<>> samnet.com mx ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch ;; got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40547 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 2, Auth: 2, Addit: 2 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; mydomain.com, type = MX, class = IN ;; ANSWERS: mydomain.com. 86000 MX 50 mail2.mydomain.com. mydomain.com. 86000 MX 20 mail.mydomain.com. ;; AUTHORITY RECORDS: mydomain.com. 86000 NS dns.mydomain.com. mydomain.com. 86000 NS dns2.mydomain.com. ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS: mail2.mydomain.com. 86000 A <IP_ADDRESS> mail.mydomain.com. 86000 A <IP_ADDRESS> ;; Total query time: 3 msec ;; FROM: iwill to SERVER: default -- <IP_ADDRESS> ;; WHEN: Tue Aug 1 09:06:47 2000 ;; MSG SIZE sent: 28 rcvd: 140 |
[ref: http://www.eudora.com/techsupport/kb/2139hq.html]
A test available on your OpenBSD box to test whether you IMAP installation is working as expected is 'telnet.' Telnet allows us to connect to the server and manually enter commands to verify its status. The simplest process is to:
If there are any problems in any of the above stages, then there is likely problems with the IMAP installation that will require further investigation (i.e. your mailer is not an issue yet.)
$ telnet localhost imap
The above command should get some banner response if your IMAP is active, other variations of the above command are telnet servername imap-port such as telnet example.com 143. A sample response from a courier-imap server follows:
$ telnet localhost imap
Trying <IP_ADDRESS>...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE STARTTLS] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2003 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution information.
The next thing is to attempt to login, and we do this by first prepending our command-line with a number, the command login followed by the username and then password then ENTER. For example
001 login myusername mypassword
In context, it will look something like this
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE STARTTLS] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2003 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution information.
001 login myusername mypassword
login NO Error in IMAP command received by server.
Another response I've recieved include
001 login myusername mypassword
001 OK login OK
Apparently the number doesn't matter, I haven't read the RFC or docs, but in the example I've seen it seems good to use a sequence
To prevent your test session from locking up the mailbox, lets log out using the logout command.
002 logout
* BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down
002 OK LOGOUT completed
Connection closed by foreign host.
And there we have an installed and tested, working IMAP server. We haven't tested very many features, but we do know it is up and running.
A few of the places we're working in do not have a live Internet connection, or prefers to process the world mail queue on a scheduled basis. On a dial-up class machine, we do not want the mail server attempting to send mail on every message and the below is one configuration that may be useful.
Essentially, we want the mail server to deliver local mail immediately, but hold all external mail until we process the queue. The concept is to define mail as expensive. For more details on implementation, consult the HOWTO Sendmail and dial-up modem internet by Wouter Hanegraaff
define(SMTP_MAILER_FLAGS, e)
define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `16h')
define(`SMART_HOST', `myISP')
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
I think from the above, smtp of local mail will get sent straight away. The
queue will only need to be processed when external mail needs to be
delivered (ie. when online)
From the docs:
Mailer Flag
e This mailer is expensive to connect to, so try to avoid connecting normally;
any necessary connection will occur during a queue run.
Options:
There are a number of global options that can be set from a configuration file.
Options are represented by full words; some are also representable as single
characters for back compatibility.
The syntax of this line is:
O option=value
This sets option option to be value. Note that there must be a space between
the letter 'O' and the name of the option. An older version is:
Oo value
where the option o is a single character. Depending on the option, value may be a string, an integer, a boolean (with legal values "t", "T", "f", or "F"; the default is TRUE), or a time interval.
The options supported (with the old, one character names in brackets) are:
HoldExpensive [c] If an outgoing mailer is marked as being expensive, don't connect immediately. This requires that queueing be compiled in, since it will depend on a queue run process to actually send the mail.
Copyright (c) 2000/1/2 Samiuela LV Taufa. All Rights Reserved.
I reserve the right to be totally incorrect even at the best advice of betters.
You are permitted and encouraged to use this guide for fun or for profit as you see fit. If you republish this work in what-ever form, it would be nice (though not enforceable) to be credited.
|
Serving Up Mail - sendmail, pop, imap OpenBSD |
Copyright © 2000/1/2 NoMoa.COM All rights reserved.


While working from home, the importance of separating work and personal life has become prevalent and necessary now more than ever. Both on campus and uptown Athens, options for workspaces are plentiful and functional. However, these spots can fill up rather quickly, or can personally become overused. A great, often overlooked alternative to structured indoor spaces is found within outdoor seating.
While indoors is ideal in poor weather conditions, utilizing outdoor seating is an easy way to “accidentally” enjoy the weather when it’s nice. On hot days, shade and seating may be found underneath Donkey’s, Brenen’s or Court Street Coffee’s outdoor overhangs, or on The Front Room Coffee House patio. Camping out on College Green is another classic study/lounge spot favorite, providing a break from familiar walls and giving way to shade with trees.
Alongside Front Room’s patio, traveling a few feet further in Baker Center presents an even more secluded, large patio complete with various options for seating. This patio also sits on Baker’s fourth floor next to the ballroom, providing a beautiful lookout onto The Convo and West Green. It’s a great sunset spot, and is very easy to enjoy. Baker harbors plenty of chairs and spaces allowing for outdoor options to seem unnecessary, but the views and environment created outdoors makes the extra steps worthwhile.
Similarly, Schoonover also houses a patio off of its main floor, filled with tables and chairs. It’s a convenient place to hang out for a while, as Court Street remains close for grabbing a quick coffee as does campus for making it to other classes. For Journalism majors, the location could not be better as many necessary classes may be found within the Radio Television Building or Schoonover itself. When Schoonover’s lobby fills up and seating becomes scarce, the patio certainly stands as a commonly missed scene worth being scoped.
In March, Brenen’s also incorporated more outdoor seating. The shop reinstalled their parklet, providing another beautiful patio to enjoy. The “Streatery” is complete with three tables and tons of booth space, allowing for space to grab a bite or work. Not to mention, the location is incredible.
Donkey also took to construction and opened limited indoor seating in May 2020, showcasing their freshly installed new bar seating area on their upstairs patio. While not fully outside, it is an open patio and the bar seating is spacious, facing outward onto W. Washington and Court. While many of us are returning to Athens, these new coffee shop sights and spaces will be exciting to check out, while also providing options to change it up.
Utilizing outdoor seating is a great way to alter surroundings and enjoy Athens. The variety of patio options, furniture and spots serve as reasons to continually scope out the entire scene and find the underrated outdoor areas.
Lauren Patterson is a junior studying journalism. Please note that the views and ideas of columnists do not reflect those of The Post. Want to talk to Lauren? Tweet her @lpaatt.


Bowen Xiao
I'm currently innovating the next-generation streaming database system in Singularity.
-
Database Developer. I wrote kernel code.
- Entrepreneur. I'm the founding members of Singularity-data Inc.
- Blogger or Researcher in database system (Zhihu).
I graduate from Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen in 2021. My expertise lise heavily in database system.
Some facts: Got PhD offers in Purdue/SFU for database system in 2021, but decided to decline and build a real database product.
Email  /
Google Scholar  /
Github  /
Linkedin  /
Zhihu
|


Data Fields | |
| short | id |
| short | vreg |
| short | valid |
| short | ctype |
| L_Oper * | def_oper |
| Set | op |
| Set | def_op |
| Set | ref_op |
| Set | live_out_op |
Definition at line 76 of file l_pipe_rename.c.
| short _LpipeLiveRange::ctype |
Definition at line 80 of file l_pipe_rename.c.
| L_Oper* _LpipeLiveRange::def_oper |
| short _LpipeLiveRange::id |
Definition at line 77 of file l_pipe_rename.c.
| short _LpipeLiveRange::valid |
Definition at line 79 of file l_pipe_rename.c.
| short _LpipeLiveRange::vreg |


This site is created with assisting new programmers with understanding some of the simpler parts of various languages. I've started here with JavaScript, and plan to add more languages over time.
console.log('Hello, world!');


A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V W
R
- randomizeSeed() - Method in class terrain.TerrainGenerator
- randomObjects - package randomObjects
- RawModel - Class in models
-
Pure model loaded in GPU
- RawModel(int, int, int[]) - Constructor for class models.RawModel
- regenerate(int, int) - Method in class terrain.Terrain
- regenerate(int, int, int, int, boolean) - Method in class terrain.Terrain
- render(Camera) - Method in class skybox.SkyboxRenderer
- render(Light, Camera, Vector4f) - Method in class renderEngine.MasterRenderer
-
Main rendering method, prepares shaders and calls the renderers to draw objects
- render(List<GuiTexture>) - Method in class guis.GuiRenderer
- render(List<Terrain>) - Method in class renderEngine.TerrainRenderer
- render(List<WaterTile>, Camera, Light) - Method in class water.WaterRenderer
- render(Map<TexturedModel, List<Entity>>) - Method in class renderEngine.EntityRenderer
-
renders entities from textureModel-entity map
- renderEngine - package renderEngine
- renderEngineTest - package renderEngineTest
- renderScene(Light, Camera, List<Terrain>, List<Entity>, List<Entity>, List<Entity>, Vector4f) - Method in class renderEngine.MasterRenderer
-
Renders the whole scene, first processes entities to divide them based on their TextureModels, then render
- replaceVAO(RawModel, float[], float[], float[], int[]) - Method in class renderEngine.Loader
-
Replaces VAO with new data
- RigidMulti - terrain.FastNoise.FractalType
- rotV3fByV3f(Vector3f, Vector3f, float) - Static method in class utils.Maths
-
rotates vector by around vector by angle in degrees
- run() - Method in class randomObjects.SpawnManager
- run() - Method in class terrain.TerrainManager


Just wanted to display some stuff here that I've done either with photography or in photoshop with compiled images that I've shot.


You should now start to change everything !!!
This template includes all of the libraries that mean.js supplied but has had the articles sample removed.
The template also includes the Tedious library for using SQL Server, angular-validation-match and an updated NUH stylesheet


Background noise and patterns in this page have been dynamically generated in your browser through JavaScript. That's unless your browser doesn't support the canvas element, in which case a fallback image is used. The jQuery plugin noiseGen takes care of all that.
↑
$("#box1").noiseGen({ opacity: 1, width: 60, height: 60, grainDimension: 1, bias: 5, distribution: "bell", fromColor: "0088c0", toColor: "10a9cf", independentChannels: true, fallbackImage: "blue.png" });
↑
$("#box2").noiseGen({ opacity: 1, width: 120, height: 80, grainDimension: { width: 60, height: 1 }, fromColor: "777777", toColor: "BBBBBB", distribution: 10, bias: -9, fallbackImage: "grey.png" });
↑
$("#box3").noiseGen({ opacity: 1, width: 100, height: 70, grainDimension: { width: 10, height: 1 }, fromColor: "472B00", toColor: "573700", distribution: "bell", bias: 8, fallbackImage: "brown.png" });


@* * Copyright 2019 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import models._ @(bankDetailsForm: Form[HasBankDetails], oldFormBundleNo: String, backLink: Option[String])(implicit atedContext: AtedContext, messages: Messages) @import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html._ @import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html.helpers._ @import views.html.helpers._ @import views.html.helpers.error._ @implicitFormInstance = @{ Some(bankDetailsForm) } @pageScripts = { } @analyticsJs = { var id = "@oldFormBundleNo"; var page = document.location.pathname.replace('/' + id, ''); ga('set', 'page', page); } @atedMain(title = Messages("ated.bank-details.has-bank-details.title"), attorney = atedContext.user.authContext.attorney, pageScripts = Some(pageScripts), analyticsAdditionalJs = Some(analyticsJs)) { @pageHeadersAndError(backLink, "pre-heading", Messages("ated.property-details.pre-header-dispose"), "bank-details-header", Messages("ated.bank-details.has-bank-details.header"), Some(atedErrorSummary(bankDetailsForm, "ated.bank-details.error-key"))) @form(action=controllers.editLiability.routes.DisposeLiabilityHasBankDetailsController.save(oldFormBundleNo)) {


Oklahoma likely to be warmer than normal December-February, climate forecasters say
by www.tulsaworld.comMost of Oklahoma has a chance of being warmer than normal this winter, with equal chances of above- or below-normal precipitation, climate forecasters said.
The Climate Prediction Center on Thursday released its December-February climate outlook for the United States and said much of the southern U.S. is more likely to be warmer than normal during that time.
Most of Oklahoma has a 33% to 40% chance of being warmer than normal, and has equal chances of above- or below-normal precipitation.
See this story on www.tulsaworld.com
Related Photos


Are you a sports fan eager to know how the domain of sport will change in the future? Or an entrepreneur looking for a booming business domain to be an early player? Or are you a tech-enthusiast wanting to know how recent innovative technologies are going to change the game in the domain of sports? Or are you simply curious to learn the effects technology is having on the sports domain?
If your answer is yes to any of these questions, it is imperative that you read up ahead.
Technology will revolutionise sports to an extent unseen in the future years to come.
The figure above shows that the market of sports technology will affect not just one sport industry, but many sports almost equally.
With a growth rate of 19.17% each year, this sector appears to be an interesting venue for investors, expecting a market of 31.1 billion $ by 2024.
In the sections to come let us look at some existing technologies in the sports domain which are heavily influencing this domain.
We begin with the well known chatbots and their role in the sports industry.
What is a chatbot?
Chatbot is simply a software capable of talking to an individual ou consumer by its capabilities to generate automatic conversations.
Talking more specifically means generating human-like , comprehensible and complex-enough conversations.
Chatbots may be hosted on a messaging tool like 'Whatsapp' or 'Messenger'. They are generally hosted on Messenger application for allowing easier access to a larger public.
They are employed by many companies in various sectors like Banking, Finance etc.
Examples of chatbots in the Sports domain
Let us look at where and how chatbots are being implemented in our domain of interest - sports.
IBM have used their Watson technology and created a chatbot called 'ASK FRED' for the Wimbledoon tournaments.
This is an interesting chatbot because it works in colloboration with 'Smart Stadium' technologies and enhances the user experience.
With its capabilities of a chatbot and connections to internet and the stadium sensors, it has multifaceted capabilities.
For one, we can use and talk to the chatbot regarding the smart stadium data like restroom availabilities in real time for example. With its connections to the internet we get real time stats of the matches and even the possibility to buy tickets.
Another interesting example of Chatbots in the sports industry.
The football club of 'FC Barcelona' decided to launch their own chatbot which comes in-built with their application to increase fan satisfaction and engagement.
The user gets to reply to questions posed by the application and the chatbot will eventually learn the fan tastes and suggest personalised content feed.
There is a substantial amount of Recommender systems logic being implemented as well.
Architectures of chatbot
Chatbot with AI Chatbot without IATwo types of architechtures of chatbots possible.
From the images above we see that we can either use a simple decision tree for our chatbot or we can use NLP(Natural Language Processing) for creating our Chatbot architechture.
Domain and types of chatbots
Chatbots may be categorized in a different manner as well.
There are two types of chatbots- Retrieval based and Generative Based.
Retrieval based works on the simple principle of retrieving the information from a database.
The database could be an excel, SQL, websites with information , RSS flux etc.
On the other hand, Generative chatbots understand the user questions and responses a little more and are capable of creating personalised responses catering to the demand at hand.
These type of chatbots require the use of Machine learning and NLP, the architechtures of which we discussed in the section before.
Now the difficulty of implementing these chatbots may change depending on its type and domain of application.
The easiest type of chatbot to implement would be a retrieval-based in a closed domain. It would simply work with certain pre-defined rules and queries, sort of like our decision tree described above.
Staying within a closed domain, a generative based chatbot would be a little harder to create as it would have to understand human queries albeit in a restricted domain of interest.
Moving on to an Open Domain, where there are no restrictions on topics of questioning, we acknowledge that building a Retrieval-Based chatbot in the Open Domain would be impossible.
This is because we can build a decision tree like query structure for an infinitely large domain.
And finally of course, the hardest chatbot to build would be a General AI which can understand and reply to questions on any given topic. This could be a part of the General Intelligence which many fear to be a part of the AI-Singularity.
Computer vision is an interdisciplinary scientific field that is concerned with
teaching computers a high level of understanding from digital images or videos.
In the field of sport, researchers are training deep learning neural networks to achieve accuracy that surpasses humans in the ability to quickly capture and understand a variety of situations from photos and videos.
For the next step in the future, they are working on building processes integrated into an automated framework.
Let us look at some examples of Computer Vision applied to the sport industry
The image to the left shows the prototype image of the Robot referrees being planned to be introduced by the NBA by 2021. This particular one called 'Danny' would be equipped with computer vision technology and feed from various cameras including its own, and hence it could comprehend the game from the Point of view of many angles and be capable to take refereeing decisions much more accurately and unbiased than a human.
Although, lots of ethical questions are being posed about referees losing their jobs and possible security issues with the robot referree which is initiating debates on its implementation.
Many of you must be familiar with the image on the right, it is a hawkeye prediction system.
During matches of tennis when the player challenges the call of the referree, this system is called upon. Using Computer vision and ball-tracking technology, Hawkeye predicts whether the ball had fallen in or out.
The video on the left is taken from the site of CSAIL. This is one of the labs at the forefront of sports-technology research. Through the video we see the capability of the Computer Vision technology to rate a human diver from the video footage.
We can assume no bias unless intentionally maliciously fed into the system, hence the system would rate the divers unbiasedly only based on their performance. Another very interesting point is that this technology, through motion tracking and computer vision training is capable of providing the diver feedback on how to improve based on their recent performance. A certain amount of NLP capabilities are also attached to this system.
The idea is quite simple.
Cameras are set up througout the race track. Back in the days of yore, pictures were taken of cars at high speed and the pictures were verified by experts in recognising cars from these 'blurry' high-speed images. Then through the pictures the defects in the cars were identified and appropriately the pit-stop teams were informed to prevent car-failures and hence eventual crashes.
This is where Computer Vision application comes into play. Although, cars were identified by human trained experts, this process was always not quite efficient or accurate.
With the advancements in technology, computers are being asked to identify cars in real time.
How is this being done so? (Technical Details)
We are employing Convolutional Neural Networks to perform this task of image classification.
Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) are made up of many layers as shown in the figure to the right.
The input is an image in the form of a matrix and the output is a one hot encoded classification.
Just like any Machine Learning model we need a training and test set. The model is fed with traning models and their corresponding labels and through iterations the CNN learns the important features for distinguishing the images.
Then we test on the test data to see the capacity of the model to work on unseen new real-world data.
To dissect and understand our model a little more, let us take the output of one of the feature maps after a few iterations of training (sufficiently trained by now with little error rate).
What we would see is shown in the picture above. The image of the on the right car would be transformed into the one on the left where only the numbers are visible. This means that the feature maps are giving more weightage to the numbers on the vehicles as features.
This is in sync with our logic because indeed the numbers being unique for each vehicle are one key method to identifying the vehicles.
Wearable technology is a hot market in recent times. With the purchase of Fitbit by Google for a whopping 5 Billion, more attention is being drawn to this domain than ever before. Research advancements in IOT - Sensor Networks, Analytics are revolutionilising the domain of Wearable technologies and their connectivity with the internet.
The market for Wearable technology is vast and ever growing, but for our research let us stick to their usage and applications in the sports industry.
First the basics
What is IOT and Wearable Tech?
IOT or internet of things represents networks of variety of connected objects. These objects are capable of connecting and sharing information with the internet.
Wearable technology are simply appliacances or devices equipped with IOT technologies and are for being worn by humans.
In the domain of sports
As of today, the three main areas where IOT-wearable technology is being used is for Player development, Player safety and for fan engagement. These three factors have a huge impact on the performance and financial gain for a sports club, hence clubs are investing millions of dollars on the latest technologies.
Figure showing the three key areas of
How does the process work?
The figure to the right encapsulates the process for analytics to be implemented in sports.
First the players are equipped with various sensors which track their movements and measure vital signs from them like speed, heartrate, pressure etc.
These data combined with the live match video feed are used to feed an algorithm which analyses them and gives suggestions/information in real time.
The problem of injury is one serious issue for players of the NFL. Being an intense physical sport there are often crashes and falls which could impact many parts of the body, most important being the head. Concussions in players are not unheard of.
To tackle this challenge NFL has decided to harness the power of IOT. They are building sensor equipped helmets which track the impacts in real time and alert the coaching and medical staff in advance by predicting the susceptible injuries in players.
Here let us look at an example real-time player tracking dashboard for coaches and training teams.
Crucial statistics like shot power, pressure, speed, Hydration in the player can be tracked in real time with sensors embedded on wearable technology.
Assesments are then made of players in various situations enabling a correction or improvement suggestion from the coaches.
Critical points of failure in individual athletes and their weaknesses and strengths may be analysed as well.
Recently grand stadiums are embracing IOT trends and becoming more 'intelligent'.
What do we mean by intelligence here?
Equipped with sensors and connections to the internet, the stadiums are offering more pleasant experiences for the fans.
Information like Restroom Availability, Parking Availability and Stadium directions are provided in real time through sensors. With access to internet even replays and in-seat concession ordering features are pampering fans of the sport.
First, the player is equipped with a Body Area Network (BAN). This is a network that consists of many sensors like heartbeat, temperature, pressure etc. Critical regions of the body which need to be monitored are targeted according to the sport.
The BAN consists also of a gateway which collects all the flux of information from the sensors and connects to the internet. Think of it like a path to the internet.
Once we are connected to the internet, now these data are stored and processed on the cloud. Various cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud , Azure etc are often used and designated in the process workflow.
Finally, the analysed results on the cloud are often sent to dashboards for visualisation in a human comprehensible manner.
Often these dashboards used by the coaching staff are hosted on the cloud itself for providing dynamic and interactive analysis and feed back for individual players.
Wikipedia Article on IOT:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
Wikipedia article on Automated Journalism:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
Deloitte Sports tech report:
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consumer-business/us-cb-internet-of-things-sports.pdf
Machine Learning Mastery Feature Maps article
https://machinelearningmastery.com/how-to-visualize-filters-and-feature-maps-in-convolutional-neural-networks/
NVIDIA blogs article on NASCAR safety:
https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2017/05/18/nascar-safety/
CSAIL MIT site article:
https://www.csee.umbc.edu/~hpirsiav/quality.html
USINE Nouvelle article sur AWS dans NFL
https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/la-nfl-et-amazon-web-services-s-associent-pour-prevenir-les-commotions-cerebrales-des-joueurs.N911009
Analysis of tech in sport
https://emerj.com/ai-sector-overviews/artificial-intelligence-in-sports/
Growth and trends of Sports tech Market research report
https://newsparent.com/sports-technology-market-2020-market-manufacturers-analysis-share-size-growth-outlookfuture-trends-and-research-report/
Forbes article on how technology will revolutionalise sport forever
https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/03/15/heres-how-ai-will-change-the-world-of-sports/#5bbf732556be


adjacent_find
|
|
| Category: algorithms |
Component type: function |
Prototype
Adjacent_find is an overloaded name; there are actually two adjacent_find
functions.
template <class ForwardIterator>
ForwardIterator adjacent_find(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
template <class ForwardIterator, class BinaryPredicate>
ForwardIterator adjacent_find(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
BinaryPredicate binary_pred);
Description
The first version of adjacent_find
returns the first iterator i such that i and i+1
are both valid iterators in [first, last), and such that
*i == *(i+1). It returns last if no such iterator exists.
The second version of adjacent_find
returns the first iterator i such that i and i+1
are both valid iterators in [first, last), and such that
binary_pred(*i, *(i+1)) is true.
It returns last if no such iterator exists.
Definition
Defined in algo.h.
Requirements on types
For the first version:
For the second version:
-
ForwardIterator is a model of Forward Iterator.
-
ForwardIterator's value type is convertible to BinaryPredicate's
first argument type and to its second argument type.
Preconditions
-
[first, last) is a valid range.
Complexity
Linear. If first == last then no comparison are performed;
otherwise, at most (last - first) - 1 comparisons.
Example
Find the first element that is greater than its successor.
int A[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 7, 8};
const int N = sizeof(A) / sizeof(int);
const int* p = adjacent_find(A, A + N, greater<int>());
cout << "Element " << p - A << " is out of order: "
<< *p << " > " << *(p + 1) << "." << endl;
Notes
See also
find, mismatch, equal, search
Copyright © 1996 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
|


|
RayTracer
|
Abstract class implemented by objects that can be contained in a volume. More...
#include <BoundedVolume.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual BoundingBox | get_bounds () const =0 |
| Public Member Functions inherited from RenderObject | |
| virtual Intersection | ray_intersect (const Ray &ray) const =0 |
| Method to detect intersection of ray and object. More... | |
| virtual IntersectionProperties | intersect_properties (const Ray &ray) const =0 |
| If ray intersects this object, this method will provide additional Information. More... | |
| virtual std::ostream & | print (std::ostream &sink) const =0 |
| virtual | ~RenderObject () |
Abstract class implemented by objects that can be contained in a volume.
|
pure virtual |
Implemented in CSG, BinaryVolumeHierarchy, ImplicitSurface, Triangle, SimpleSphere, SDFSphere, and SDFCylinder.


#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2021, Arcangelo Massari<EMAIL_ADDRESS>#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose
# with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
# and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,
# DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
# SOFTWARE.
from typing import List, Tuple, Dict, Set
from datetime import datetime
from rdflib.graph import ConjunctiveGraph
from rdflib.term import URIRef
import copy
from rdflib.plugins.sparql.processor import processUpdate
from dateutil import parser
from time_agnostic_browser.sparql import Sparql
from time_agnostic_browser.prov_entity import ProvEntity
[docs]class AgnosticEntity:
"""
An entity you want to obtain information about.
Not only the present ones, but also the past ones,
based on the snapshots available for that entity.
:param res: The URI of the entity.
:type res: str.
:param related_entities_history: True if you also want to return information on related entities, that is, the ones that have the URI of the res parameter as object, False otherwise. The default is False.
:type related_entities_history: bool.
"""
def __init__(self, res:str, related_entities_history:bool=False):
self.res = res
self.related_entities_history = related_entities_history
[docs] def get_history(self) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, ConjunctiveGraph]]:
"""
Given the URI of a resource, it reconstructs its entire history,
returning a dictionary according to the following model: ::
{
"entity_URI": {
"time_snapshot_1": graph_at_time_1,
"time_snapshot_2": graph_at_time_2,
"time_snapshot_n": graph_at_time_n
}
}
What is meant by graph? By graph we mean all the triples that have
the entity as subject plus the provenance information present at time t
(not all existing ones, only those existing at that given instant).
If the object of type AgnosticEntity has been instantiated by passing the
related_entities_history parameter as True, the graph also contains the related entities,
that is, those that have the entity as an object.
:returns: Dict[str, Dict[str, ConjunctiveGraph]] -- A dictionary containing the graphs related to each considered entities in each of the existing snapshots of these entities.
"""
if self.related_entities_history:
entities_to_query = {self.res}
current_state = self._query_dataset()
related_entities = current_state.triples((None, None, URIRef(self.res)))
for entity in related_entities:
if ProvEntity.PROV not in entity[1]:
entities_to_query.add(str(entity[0]))
return get_entities_histories(entities_to_query)
entity_history = self._get_entity_current_state()
entity_history = self._get_old_graphs(entity_history)
return entity_history
[docs] def get_state_at_time(self, time:str, get_hooks:bool=False) -> Dict:
"""
Given a time, the function returns the resource's state at that time
and, optionally, the hooks to the previous and subsequent states.
Specifically, a dictionary is returned according to the following pattern: ::
{
"t": Graph at time t
"before": {
"t-1": Graph at time t-1,
"t-n": Graph at time t-n
},
"after": {
"t+1": Graph at time t+1,
"t+n": Graph at time t+n
}
}
:param time: The snapshot time for the resource to be returned.
:type time: str.
:param get_hooks: If True, hooks are returned to the previous and subsequent states. The default value is False.
:type get_hooks: bool.
:returns: dict -- A dictionary containing the resource at time t and, optionally, hooks to the previous and subsequent states of the resource.
"""
entity_history = self.get_history()
datetime_time = self._convert_to_datetime(time)
entity_at_time = dict()
if get_hooks:
for snapshot in entity_history[self.res]:
if snapshot < datetime_time:
entity_at_time["before"][snapshot] = entity_history[self.res][snapshot]
elif snapshot > datetime_time:
entity_at_time["after"][snapshot] = entity_history[self.res][snapshot]
entity_at_time[datetime_time] = entity_history[self.res][datetime_time]
return entity_at_time
def _get_entity_current_state(self) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, ConjunctiveGraph]]:
"""
Given the URI of a resource, it outputs a dictionary populating only
the instant at time t, that is the present one, according to the following model:
{
"entity_URI": {
"time_snapshot_1": graph_at_time_1,
"time_snapshot_2": None,
"time_snapshot_n": None
}
}
"""
entity_current_state = {self.res: dict()}
current_state = ConjunctiveGraph()
for quad in self._query_dataset().quads():
current_state.add(quad)
for quad in self._query_provenance().quads():
current_state.add(quad)
triples_generated_at_time = current_state.triples((None, ProvEntity.iri_generated_at_time, None))
most_recent_time = None
for triple in triples_generated_at_time:
snapshot_time = triple[2]
snapshot_date_time = self._convert_to_datetime(snapshot_time)
if most_recent_time:
if snapshot_date_time > self._convert_to_datetime(most_recent_time):
most_recent_time = snapshot_time
elif not most_recent_time:
most_recent_time = snapshot_time
entity_current_state[self.res][snapshot_time] = None
entity_current_state[self.res][most_recent_time] = current_state
return entity_current_state
def _get_old_graphs(
self, entity_current_state:Dict[str, Dict[str, ConjunctiveGraph]]
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, ConjunctiveGraph]]:
"""
Given as input the output of _get_entity_current_state, it populates the graphs
relating to the past snapshots of the resource.
"""
ordered_data:List[Tuple[str, ConjunctiveGraph]] = sorted(
entity_current_state[self.res].items(),
key = lambda x:self._convert_to_datetime(x[0]),
reverse=True
)
for index, date_graph in enumerate(ordered_data):
if index > 0:
next_snapshot = ordered_data[index-1][0]
previous_graph:ConjunctiveGraph = copy.deepcopy(entity_current_state[self.res][next_snapshot])
snapshot_uri = list(previous_graph.subjects(object=next_snapshot))[0]
snapshot_update_query:str = previous_graph.value(
subject=snapshot_uri,
predicate=ProvEntity.iri_has_update_query,
object = None)
# The following condition is temporary, there is probably a bug related to creating update queries in oc-ocdm.
if snapshot_update_query is None:
entity_current_state[self.res][date_graph[0]] = previous_graph
else:
snapshot_update_query = snapshot_update_query.replace("INSERT", "%temp%").replace("DELETE", "INSERT").replace("%temp%", "DELETE")
try:
processUpdate(previous_graph, snapshot_update_query)
# TEMP: When the update query is too long, RecursionError is raised by the processUpdate function
except RecursionError:
pass
previous_graph.remove((snapshot_uri, None, None))
entity_current_state[self.res][date_graph[0]] = previous_graph
for time in list(entity_current_state[self.res]):
entity_current_state[self.res][self._convert_to_datetime(str(time))] = entity_current_state[self.res].pop(time)
return entity_current_state
def _query_dataset(self) -> ConjunctiveGraph:
# A SELECT hack can be used to return RDF quads in named graphs,
# since the CONSTRUCT allows only to return triples in SPARQL 1.1.
# Here is an exemple of SELECT hack:
#
# SELECT ?s ?p ?o ?c
# WHERE {
# GRAPH ?c {?s ?p ?o}
# VALUES ?s {<{res}>}
# }}
#
# Aftwerwards, the rdflib add method can be used to add quads to a Conjunctive Graph,
# where the fourth element is the context.
if self.related_entities_history:
query_dataset = f"""
SELECT DISTINCT ?s ?p ?o ?c
WHERE {{
GRAPH ?c {{?s ?p ?o}}
{{VALUES ?s {{<{self.res}>}}}}
UNION
{{VALUES ?o {{<{self.res}>}}}}
}}
"""
else:
query_dataset = f"""
SELECT DISTINCT ?s ?p ?o ?c
WHERE {{
GRAPH ?c {{?s ?p ?o}}
VALUES ?s {{<{self.res}>}}
}}
"""
return Sparql().run_construct_query(query_dataset)
def _query_provenance(self) -> ConjunctiveGraph:
query_provenance = f"""
CONSTRUCT {{
?snapshot <{ProvEntity.iri_generated_at_time}> ?t;
<{ProvEntity.iri_has_update_query}> ?updateQuery.
}}
WHERE {{
?snapshot <{ProvEntity.iri_specialization_of}> <{self.res}>;
<{ProvEntity.iri_generated_at_time}> ?t.
OPTIONAL {{
?snapshot <{ProvEntity.iri_has_update_query}> ?updateQuery.
}}
}}
"""
return Sparql().run_construct_query(query_provenance)
@classmethod
def _convert_to_datetime(cls, time_string:str) -> datetime:
# date_patterns = ["%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f%z", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z"]
# for pattern in date_patterns:
# try:
# return datetime.strptime(time_string, pattern)
# except:
# pass
return parser.parse(time_string)
[docs]def get_entities_histories(res_set:Set[str], related_entities_history=False) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, ConjunctiveGraph]]:
"""
Given a set of entities URIs it returns the history of those entities.
You can also specify via the related_entities_history parameter
if you are also interested in the history of related entities.
It returns a dictionary according to the following model: ::
{
"entity_1_URI": {
"time_snapshot_1": graph_at_time_1,
"time_snapshot_2": graph_at_time_2,
"time_snapshot_n": graph_at_time_n
},
"entity_2_URI": {
"time_snapshot_1": graph_at_time_1,
"time_snapshot_2": graph_at_time_2,
"time_snapshot_n": graph_at_time_n
},
"entity_n_URI": {
"time_snapshot_1": graph_at_time_1,
"time_snapshot_2": graph_at_time_2,
"time_snapshot_n": graph_at_time_n
}
}
:param res_set: A set of the entities URI you want to retrieve the history about.
:type res_set: set.
:param related_entities_history: True if you also want to return information on related entities, that is, the ones that have the URIs in the res_set parameter as object, False otherwise. The default is False.
:type related_entities_history: bool.
:returns: Dict[str, Dict[str, ConjunctiveGraph]] -- A dictionary containing the graphs related to each considered entities in each of the existing snapshots of these entities.
"""
entities_histories = dict()
for res in res_set:
agnosticEntity = AgnosticEntity(res, related_entities_history)
entities_histories.update(agnosticEntity.get_history())
return entities_histories


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{% extends 'layouts/layout-bsa-design-system.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Start page template - NHS.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
A collection of resources to help teams design and build services in Government and the NHS.
Resources cover:


Residents are advised not to be involved in relationships for the first 90 days as it may be detrimental to the recovery process.
New Life Residential Center will help you initiate contact with the Department of Social Services.
In case of relapse, residents personal belongings must be removed from New Life Residential Center within 3 days. After that time, all belongings remaining will be disposed. No rent will be reimbursed.
All residents of New Life Residential Center have a private room.
No. For the first three months at New Life Residential Center, your full time job is RECOVERY.
Residents are required to travel using public transportation.
New Life Residential Center is unable to provide the necessary care for children, however provision will be made for visitation.
Yes, as a resident of New Life Residential Center you must be able to take a bus, climb stairs, do chores which may involve lifting not more than 15 pounds and get along with other women.


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Module: Recording configuration (CrRecordingConfig.dll).
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 27/06/2011
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 21/3/2011
- Improvement: file format text
- New: FileLastSaveLocation option to the config. You can see the parameter in the user tab but not chang it
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 06/10/2010
- Fix: problem with saving and deleting extension of a chat connection
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 14/9/2010
- Improvement: support for version build 10 of the CrCustomControl
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 20/8/2010
- New: config parameter UseStreamingForHttp --> when the transfer mode of the server is of type http this setting allow you to do streaming of the recording file
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 19/8/2010
- Improvement: "Preload filenames from server" is now disabled
- Improvement: "User service" is now disabled as it is not yet used
- Improvement: of the help for the transfer root
- Fix: some layout and text issues
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 12/7/2010
- Fix: some layout and text issues
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 7/7/2010
- New: config parameter KeepRecordingAvailable is now in the GUI
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 16/6/2010
- New: config parameter KeepRecordingAvailable --> let you chang the keep recording flag in the database. default is false. Not yet fully impl
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 11/6/2010
- New: the score list is now limint to 20 items
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 7/6/2010
- Improvement: made option score multiple invisble
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 3/6/2010
- Improvement: max number of stars is now set on 9
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 3/6/2010
- New: using crCommonControls <IP_ADDRESS>
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 2/6/2010
- New: config parameter useCommentVersion0 --> to tell if score and comment has to be save using version 0 (in the memo field)
- New: config parameter ScoreLevel --> how many star do you want to use between 1 and 10
- New: config parameter MultiScore --> if on true the score will be saved per login user
- New: config parameter ScoreList --> the list of item to score on
- New: handling the new parameters in the gui
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 26/5/2010
- New: Handling the split of location and config file name
- Version: <IP_ADDRESS>. Date: 20/4/2010
- Improvement: clean of some chat code


'Any authoritative figure could pose a threat' - Call for pathway to residency for undocumented immigrants
by By Digital Desk staffThe Government is being called on to provide a pathway to residency for the thousands of undocumented young people in Ireland.
The Migrant Rights Centre says up to 3,000 people are missing out on travel, an education, and a career because of the issue.
The group is presenting an open letter signed by 4,000 people to Justice Minister Charlie Flanagan today in an effort to highlight the problem.
Youth worker with MRCI, Mairead McDevitt, says their human rights are being denied:
"If they are the victims of a crime or abuse, they feel they can't report it.
The fear of deportation over their shoulders is too heavy that they don't seek help because any authoritative figure could pose a potential threat.
"Their lives are quite clandestine," she added.
Meanwhile, the Immigrant Council of Ireland has described Verona Murphy's comments on asylum seekers as "outrageous."
The Wexford by-election candidate has apologised twice after remarks made in separate interviews about asylum seekers.
She described her statement that asylum seekers may need to be "de-programmed" as a poor choice of words.
Ms Murphy has since visited a Direct Provision centre in Waterford, to gain a better understanding of asylum and refugee issues.
READ MORE
Over 4,500 suspected child abuse concerns reported by teachers


Illegal strike by water purification staff affects water supply
The staff responsible for water purification and production processes in the plants embarked on an illegal labour unrest as of Monday.
by Content provided.The Bushbuckridge Local Municipality says the risk to water supply is a result of an illegal labour unrest by the staff members.
The municipality issued a press statement notifying members of the community about the disturbance of water purification processes in some water treatment plants, including Inyaka Water Treatment Works, Hoxani and Acornhoek.
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In a statement they stated that, “The staff responsible for water purification and production processes in the abovementioned water treatment plants embarked on an illegal labour unrest as of Monday. The illegal labour unrest could have catastrophic effects on water production and supply to the whole of Bushbuckridge.
“Hence, the municipality has put in place immediate temporary measures to ensure that water production processes and supply resumes earliest while the municipality attempts to resolve the labour impasse with the illegal striking workers.
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“We call upon all residents to use water sparingly. Water harvesting is one way of conserving water, so we encourage our communities to take advantage of the rain we are receiving lately. Lets store water.
We will update our communities once the situation has been resolved and back to normal operations. The municipality apologises for the inconvenience the situation might have caused.”


In [1]: import pandas as pd
This tutorial uses the titanic data set, stored as CSV. The data consists of the following data columns:
PassengerId: Id of every passenger.
Survived: This feature have value 0 and 1. 0 for not survived and 1 for survived.
Pclass: There are 3 classes: Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3.
Name: Name of passenger.
Sex: Gender of passenger.
Age: Age of passenger.
SibSp: Indication that passenger have siblings and spouse.
Parch: Whether a passenger is alone or have family.
Ticket: Ticket number of passenger.
Fare: Indicating the fare.
Cabin: The cabin of passenger.
Embarked: The embarked category.
In [2]: titanic = pd.read_csv("data/titanic.csv") In [3]: titanic.head() Out[3]: PassengerId Survived Pclass ... Fare Cabin Embarked 0 1 0 3 ... 7.2500 NaN S 1 2 1 1 ... 71.2833 C85 C 2 3 1 3 ... 7.9250 NaN S 3 4 1 1 ... 53.1000 C123 S 4 5 0 3 ... 8.0500 NaN S [5 rows x 12 columns]
What is the average age of the titanic passengers?
In [4]: titanic["Age"].mean() Out[4]: 29.69911764705882
Different statistics are available and can be applied to columns with numerical data. Operations in general exclude missing data and operate across rows by default.
What is the median age and ticket fare price of the titanic passengers?
In [5]: titanic[["Age", "Fare"]].median() Out[5]: Age 28.0000 Fare 14.4542 dtype: float64
The statistic applied to multiple columns of a DataFrame (the selection of two columns return a DataFrame, see the subset data tutorial) is calculated for each numeric column.
DataFrame
The aggregating statistic can be calculated for multiple columns at the same time. Remember the describe function from first tutorial tutorial?
describe
In [6]: titanic[["Age", "Fare"]].describe() Out[6]: Age Fare count 714.000000 891.000000 mean 29.699118 32.204208 std 14.526497 49.693429 min 0.420000 0.000000 25% 20.125000 7.910400 50% 28.000000 14.454200 75% 38.000000 31.000000 max 80.000000 512.329200
Instead of the predefined statistics, specific combinations of aggregating statistics for given columns can be defined using the agg method:
agg
In [7]: titanic.agg({'Age' : ['min', 'max', 'median', 'skew'], ...: 'Fare' : ['min', 'max', 'median', 'mean']}) ...: Out[7]: Age Fare max 80.000000 512.329200 mean NaN 32.204208 median 28.000000 14.454200 min 0.420000 0.000000 skew 0.389108 NaN
Further details about descriptive statistics is provided in Descriptive statistics.
What is the average age for male versus female titanic passengers?
In [8]: titanic[["Sex", "Age"]].groupby("Sex").mean() Out[8]: Age Sex female 27.915709 male 30.726645
As our interest is the average age for each gender, a subselection on these two columns is made first: titanic[["Sex", "Age"]]. Next, the groupby method is applied on the Sex column to make a group per category. The average age for each gender is calculated and returned.
titanic[["Sex", "Age"]]
groupby
Sex
Calculating a given statistic (e.g. mean age) for each category in a column (e.g. male/female in the Sex column) is a common pattern. The groupby method is used to support this type of operations. More general, this fits in the more general split-apply-combine pattern:
mean
split-apply-combine
Split the data into groups
Apply a function to each group independently
Combine the results into a data structure
The apply and combine steps are typically done together in pandas.
In the previous example, we explicitly selected the 2 columns first. If not, the mean method is applied to each column containing numerical columns:
In [9]: titanic.groupby("Sex").mean() Out[9]: PassengerId Survived Pclass Age SibSp Parch Fare Sex female 431.028662 0.742038 2.159236 27.915709 0.694268 0.649682 44.479818 male 454.147314 0.188908 2.389948 30.726645 0.429809 0.235702 25.523893
It does not make much sense to get the average value of the Pclass. if we are only interested in the average age for each gender, the selection of columns (rectangular brackets [] as usual) is supported on the grouped data as well:
Pclass
[]
In [10]: titanic.groupby("Sex")["Age"].mean() Out[10]: Sex female 27.915709 male 30.726645 Name: Age, dtype: float64
Note
The Pclass column contains numerical data but actually represents 3 categories (or factors) with respectively the labels ‘1’, ‘2’ and ‘3’. Calculating statistics on these does not make much sense. Therefore, pandas provides a Categorical data type to handle this type of data. More information is provided in the user guide Categorical data section.
Categorical
What is the mean ticket fare price for each of the sex and cabin class combinations?
In [11]: titanic.groupby(["Sex", "Pclass"])["Fare"].mean() Out[11]: Sex Pclass female 1 106.125798 2 21.970121 3 16.118810 male 1 67.226127 2 19.741782 3 12.661633 Name: Fare, dtype: float64
Grouping can be done by multiple columns at the same time. Provide the column names as a list to the groupby method.
More information on groupby and the split-apply-combine approach is provided in Group By: split-apply-combine.
What is the number of passengers in each of the cabin classes?
In [12]: titanic["Pclass"].value_counts() Out[12]: 3 491 1 216 2 184 Name: Pclass, dtype: int64
The value_counts function counts the number of records for each category in a column.
value_counts
The function is a shortcut, as it is actually a groupby operation in combination with counting of the number of records within each group:
In [13]: titanic.groupby("Pclass")["Pclass"].count() Out[13]: Pclass 1 216 2 184 3 491 Name: Pclass, dtype: int64
Both size and count can be used in combination with groupby. Whereas size includes NaN values and just provides the number of rows (size of the table), count excludes the missing values. In the value_counts method, use the dropna argument to include or exclude the NaN values.
size
count
NaN
dropna
For more information about value_counts, see Value counts (histogramming) / mode.
Aggregation statistics can be calculated on entire columns or rows
groupby provides the power of the split-apply-combine pattern
value_counts is a convenient shortcut to count the number of entries in each category of a variable