galtonwatson, a Go module for efficient manipulation of Galton-Watson trees
galtonwatson is a Go module in early development which implements efficient algorithms for the generation and manipulation of Galton-Watson trees. By extension, this tool can be used to generate uniformly random samples from many classes of rooted trees, including:
- uniformly random binary trees of a given size,
- uniformly random d-ary trees of a given size,
- uniformly random Cayley trees, i.e., unordered labeled trees of a given size,
- uniformly random ordered trees of a given size,
- etc.
I’ve recently taken up Go as part of my real job and learned to appreciate the language. It’s sometimes odd and stands out from other languages in a few striking ways. To name a few:
- Go module management is built-in to the language. Modules can be imported directly from GitHub, or wherever… gone are the days of using third-party package managers like pip.
- Another built-in feature is formatting, which is accomplished using the built-in tool
gofmt
. - Go has no generic types. Here are some of the alternatives which are widely used:
- Code generation. One copy per type you care to implement.
- The
interface{}
type, analogous to the Cvoid*
. - The complicated reflect, which allows for run-time reflection.
Still, I have grown to appreciate (some of) these quirks, and galtonwatson is just a project in which I can explore the language more deeply in my free time.
As part of the early development, I have explored efficient generation algorithms. This paper of Devroye (2011) has been a great resource.
To recall, briefly, Galton-Watson trees are a sort of random rooted ordered tree defined by an offspring distribution \(\xi\). Starting with the root node, each vertex has an independent number of offspring distributed as \(\xi\), and the structure obtained is a tree denoted \(T\). When conditioned upon having exactly \(n\) vertices, we denote this tree by \(T_n\) and call it the conditioned Galton-Watson tree of size \(n\).
Let \(\Xi = (\xi_1, \dots, \xi_n)\) denote the vector of the number of offspring observed when traversing the tree in a depth-first order. Clearly, \(T_n\) determines \(\Xi\), but not necessarily vice-versa. One condition that must be met for any admissible \(\Xi\) is \[ S(\Xi) := \sum_{i = 1}^n \xi_i = n - 1 , \] indicating the number of edges in the tree to be \(n - 1\). This is not sufficient. However, by the Dvoretzky-Motzkin cycle lemma, exactly one rotation \((\xi_\ell, \xi_{\ell+1}, \dots, \xi_n, \xi_1, \dots, \xi_{\ell-1})\) does correspond to a tree, and furthermore this rotation can be found in linear time. Therefore, generating \(T_n\) is in fact equivalent to generating \(\Xi\) with the right number of edges.
The paper of Devroye describes some slick approaches towards generating \(\Xi\) efficiently, which is not an a priori obvious task.
A Naive Approach
One straightforward approach towards generating \(\Xi\) is by the rejetion method. This simply works by generating the entire vector \(\Xi\) repeatedly until \[ S(\Xi) = n - 1 , \] discarding any samples which do not meet this criterion, and rotating appropriately. It’s the simplest possible idea and is not very efficient, it should be avoided when possible.
A General Solution
The multinomial distribution can be leveraged to provide a general solution which works well for many purposes.
Write \(p_i = \Pr\{\xi = i\}\), and let \((N_0, N_1, \dots) \sim \textrm{Multinomial}(n; p_0, p_1, \dots)\). Then, \[ S(\Xi) \overset{d}{=} \sum_{i = 1}^n i N_i . \]
The rejection method can then be used to generate the multinomial vector \((N_0, N_1, \dots)\) repeatedly until \[ \sum_{i = 1}^n i N_i = n - 1 . \] This gives us the number of nodes with \(i\) children for each integer \(i\), which we can shuffle in order to create the vector \(\Xi\).
Generating \((N_0, N_1, \dots)\) can sometimes be much more efficient than following the naive approach, especially when \(\xi\) has compact support.
Let us compare the cases for the offspring distribution \(p_0 = 1/4, p_1 = 1/2, p_2 = 1/4\), which serves for generating uniform binary trees of a given size. We assume to have access to an infinite source of uniform random samples, which take constant time each to generate.
In the naive case, it takes \(\varTheta(n)\) time to generate one vector \(\Xi\), and a success is observed with probability \[ \alpha := \Pr\left\{ S(\Xi) = n - 1 \right\} . \] This can be approximated to any desired degree by a local limit theorem, but we instead offer a direct approach, since this case can be solved explicitly without difficulty. Observe that we can write \(\xi_i = B_i + B_i’\), where \(I_i, I_i’ \sim \textrm{Bernoulli}(1/2)\) for each \(i = 1, \dots, n\) are independent. Then, \[ \begin{aligned} \alpha &= \Pr\left\{\sum_{i = 1}^n (I_i + I_i’) = n - 1 \right\} \\ &= \Pr\{ B_n + B_n’ = n - 1 \} , \end{aligned} \] for independent \(B_n, B_n’ \sim \textrm{Binomial}(n, 1/2)\). Then, \[ \begin{aligned} \alpha &= \sum_{t = 0}^{n - 1} \Pr\{ B_n = n - 1 - t \} \Pr\{ B_n’ = t \} \\ &= \sum_{t = 0}^{n - 1} \binom{n}{n - t - 1} \binom{n}{t} 2^{-2n} \\ &= 2^{-2n} \binom{2n}{n - 1} , \end{aligned} \] where the second equality holds by the definition of the binomial probability, and the third equality holds by Chu-Vandermonde. Therefore, by standard estimates of the central binomial coefficient, \[ \alpha \sim \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi n}} . \] The number of failed attempts in generating \(\Xi\) is distributed as \(\textrm{Geometric}(\alpha)\), so that the expected number of failures before the first success is \(1/\alpha \sim \sqrt{\pi n}\), and the total running time of the naive generator is \(\varTheta(n^{3/2})\).
Consider by comparison the multinomial approach. It is true, in fact, that for any \(\xi\) with \(\mathbf{E}\{\xi^2\} < \infty\), we have \(\alpha = \varTheta(1/\sqrt{n})\). It is also known that binomial random samples can be generated in constant time, so \((N_0, N_1, N_2)\) can be generated in constant time. Therefore, the expected running time to generate the conditioned multinomial is only \(\varTheta(\sqrt{n})\); the extra shuffling step to finish generating \(\Xi\) brings this up to \(\varTheta(n)\).
The multinomial approach is versatile and quite fast. But when \(\xi\) has infinite support, or infinite second moment, or other special properties, it may be best to use an alternative.
Poisson Offspring Distribution
Some special offspring distributions are amenable to a specific hand-picked approach which will likely beat any general purpose method. One such is the \(\textrm{Poisson}(\lambda)\) offspring distribution. Observe that for any integers \((k_1, \dots, k_n\)), that \[ \begin{aligned} \beta &:= \Pr\left\{\xi_1 = k_1, \dots, \xi_n = k_n \; \big\vert \; S(\Xi) = n - 1\right\} \\ &= \frac{\mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} \Pr\{\xi_1 = k_1, \dots, \xi_n = k_n\}}{\Pr\{S(\Xi) = n - 1\}} \\ &= \mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} \frac{\prod_{i=1}^n \frac{\lambda^{k_i} e^{-\lambda}}{k_i!}}{\Pr\{S(\Xi)=n-1\}} \end{aligned} \] In this case, \(S(\Xi) \sim \textrm{Poisson}(\lambda n)\), so \[ \begin{aligned} \beta &= \mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} \frac{(n-1)!}{n^{n -1} \prod_{i=1}^n k_i!} \\ &= \mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} \frac{(n - 1)!}{\prod_{i = 1}^{n} k_i! n^{k_i}} . \end{aligned} \] This is precisely the \(\textrm{Multinomial}(n - 1; 1/n, \dots, 1/n)\) density. So, \(\Xi\) can be generated by generating \(n - 1\) uniform points among \(n\) bins, and setting \(\xi_i\) as the number of points in the \(i\)-th bin.
Geometric Offspring Distribution
Another offspring distribution admitting a simple generator is the \(\textrm{Geometric}(p)\) distribution. In this case, observe that for any integers \((k_1, \dots, k_n)\), that \[ \begin{aligned} \beta &= \mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} \frac{\prod_{i = 1}^n \Pr\{\xi_i = k_i\}}{\Pr\{S(\Xi) = n - 1\}} \\ &= \mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} \frac{\prod_{i = 1}^n (1 - p)^{k_i} p}{\Pr\{S(\Xi) = n - 1\}} \\ &= \mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} \frac{(1 - p)^{n - 1} p^n}{\Pr\{S(\Xi) = n - 1\}} . \end{aligned} \] It is also known that \(S(\Xi) \sim \textrm{NegativeBinomial}(n, p)\), whence \[ \beta = \frac{\mathbf{1}\{k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\}}{\binom{2n - 2}{n - 1}} . \] It follows that \(\Xi\) is uniformly distributed on the discrete simplex \[ \{(k_1, \dots, k_n) \colon k_i \ge 0, k_1 + \dots + k_n = n - 1\} . \] Such a vector can be drawn uniformly at random by placing \(n - 1\) spacers \(X_1, \dots, X_{n-1}\) uniformly in between or on either ends of the points \(\{1, 2, \dots, n - 1\}\), and setting \[ k_i = X_{(i)} - X_{(i-1)} , \] where \(X_{(i)}\) is the \(i\)-th smallest among the \(X_i\), and \(X_{(0)} = 0, X_{(n)} = n - 1\). This again takes \(\varTheta(n)\) time.


This is the SSH public key stored in this server's ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
This key should be used to grant access for this server to the Git repository which holds the Spring Cloud Configuration files.
{{ data }}
Here are detailed instruction when using the JHipster Registry Docker image, available at jhipster/jhipster-registry/.
docker exec -it <containerIdOrName> sh
ssh-keygen
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
to the remote Git repository you want to access (in Github, go to your
settings/SSH keys)
ssh -T<EMAIL_ADDRESS>In order not to lose our setup every time you recreate or update the container, you can mount the
/root/.ssh/
folder to a Docker volume.
To setup your own git repo, edit the GIT_URI environment variable passed to your container, for example using Docker Compose:
version: '2' services: jhipster-registry: container_name: jhipster-registry image: jhipster/jhipster-registry volumes: - ./ssh/:/root/.ssh/ environment: - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=prod - GIT_URI=git@github.com:jhipster/jhipster-registry.git - GIT_SEARCH_PATHS=central-config ports: - 8761:8761


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/CPDT.20Parser.20in.20Lean.html ---
My son got interested in parsers and I'm trying to understand them better by implementing the simple parser at the beginning of Certified Programming with Dependent Types. But actually I find making these inductive types quite hard -- in my area of expertise we don't really ever use complicated inductive structures like the ones showing up in these parsers. Here's an example of one I'm struggling with: in Coq it's
Fixpoint progDenote (p : prog) (s : stack) : option stack := match p with | nil ⇒ Some s | i :: p’ ⇒ match instrDenote i s with | None ⇒ None | Some s’ ⇒ progDenote p’ s’ end end.
http://adam.chlipala.net/cpdt/cpdt.pdf
page 21
I tried writing it by hand with list.rec_on
(prog := list instr
) but I seemed to end up knowing progDenote p' s
rather than progDenote p' s'
. Presumably this is the sort of thing the equation compiler can do for me somehow? Or is there some complicated issue which makes this definition problematic? I know very little about this sort of stuff beyond rec
.
Oh I see now, I should somehow carry s around as a parameter
Do you also have the definition of stack
?
definition progDenote (p : prog) : stack → option stack := list.rec_on p some $ λ i p' pDp' s,option.rec_on (instrDenote i s) none pDp'
So I can just do it in term mode
I am slightly unnerved by how incomprehensible mine looks compared to Chlipata's
definition stack := list ℕ
you can plough through http://adam.chlipala.net/cpdt/html/Cpdt.StackMachine.html to find these. I see my error now -- I should have been inducting on p before introducing s. These are subtleties I don't usually run into in my area of mathematics, you rarely induct on something other than nat
You can also write it:
definition progDenote (p : prog) : stack → option stack | [] := ... | (s :: ss) := ...
Which I find prettier than Coq
Sorry, I should write:
definition progDenote : prog → stack → option stack | [] s := some s | (p :: ps) s := instrDenote p s >>= progDenote ps
Oh thanks!
I was just working on this myself but I'm not sure I would have hit upon that crazy smiley thing
is >>=
the smiley? :)
I guess he looks pretty sad :-/
Or angry? I see >>
as eyebrows and =
as a nose
OK here's my effort:
definition progDenote' : prog → stack → option stack | ([]) := some | (i :: p') := λ s, match (instrDenote i s) with | none := none | some s' := progDenote' p' s' end
So you are doing the match with this crazy smiley?
I can see that your progDenote ps
is my progDenote p'
and then other than that I am sending none
to none
and s'
to s'
. You're exploiting this in some way?
PS @Simon Hudon I felt quite bad a week or so ago when I was trying to write some notation and didn't understand binding powers and was in a rush and you tried to explain them and I just said just gimme the number!
Yes, with option, >>=
returns none
if either of its parameters does
It was partially because of that incident that I thought it was time to learn about parsers!
Aah I see you're explictly utilising the fact that it's a monad?
No worries, I got that you were in a rush. And I know I'd always prefer to get deeper into it. But thanks for coming back to it :)
Exactly!
In Coq, he'd have to do some work to bring that in but it's just there for us in Lean so it's good to get used to it
The operators are a bit broken but in Haskell, I'd rather write progDenote ps =<< instrDenote p s
. It's a bit like function application with monads (you apply progDenote ps
to the result of instrDenote p s
)
I have my compiler working now and I'd like to do some unit tests using #eval
. This means as far as I can see that I have to go and define a bunch of has_repr
instances.
Here's one:
inductive binop | Plus : binop | Times : binop open binop instance : has_repr binop := ⟨λ b, match b with | Plus := "add" | Times := "mul" end ⟩
I just wanted to write
instance : has_repr binop := ⟨ | Plus := "add" | Times := "mul" end ⟩
but that didn't work so I had to put all the match waffle in. Am I missing something?
No I think that's the way to do it. I was looking to see if it could be generated for you but I haven't found tactics for that
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


|
BitShares-Core
6.1.0
BitShares blockchain implementation and command-line interface software
|
stores null, int64, uint64, double, bool, string, std::vector<variant>, and variant_object's. More...
#include <variant.hpp>
Classes | |
| class | visitor |
Public Types | |
| enum | type_id { null_type = 0, int64_type = 1, uint64_type = 2, double_type = 3, bool_type = 4, string_type = 5, array_type = 6, object_type = 7, blob_type = 8 } |
Public Member Functions | |
| variant () | |
| Constructs a null_type variant. More... | |
| variant (std::nullptr_t, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| Constructs a null_type variant. More... | |
| variant (const char *str, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (char *str, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (wchar_t *str, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (const wchar_t *str, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (float val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (uint8_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (int8_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (uint16_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (int16_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (uint32_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (int32_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (uint64_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (int64_t val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (double val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (bool val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (blob val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (std::string val, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (variant_object, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (mutable_variant_object, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (variants, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (const variant &, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| variant (variant &&, uint32_t max_depth=1) | |
| ~variant () | |
| void | visit (const visitor &v) const |
| type_id | get_type () const |
| bool | is_null () const |
| bool | is_string () const |
| bool | is_bool () const |
| bool | is_int64 () const |
| bool | is_uint64 () const |
| bool | is_double () const |
| bool | is_object () const |
| bool | is_array () const |
| bool | is_blob () const |
| bool | is_numeric () const |
| bool | is_integer () const |
| int64_t | as_int64 () const |
| uint64_t | as_uint64 () const |
| bool | as_bool () const |
| double | as_double () const |
| blob & | get_blob () |
| const blob & | get_blob () const |
| blob | as_blob () const |
| std::string | as_string () const |
| const std::string & | get_string () const |
| variants & | get_array () |
| const variants & | get_array () const |
| variant_object & | get_object () |
| const variant_object & | get_object () const |
| const variant & | operator[] (const char *) const |
| const variant & | operator[] (size_t pos) const |
| size_t | size () const |
| template<typename T > | |
| T | as (uint32_t max_depth) const |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | as (T &v, uint32_t max_depth) const |
| variant & | operator= (variant &&v) |
| variant & | operator= (const variant &v) |
| template<typename T > | |
| variant & | operator= (T &&v) |
| template<typename T > | |
| variant (const optional< T > &v, uint32_t max_depth) | |
| template<typename T > | |
| variant (const T &val, uint32_t max_depth) | |
| void | clear () |
stores null, int64, uint64, double, bool, string, std::vector<variant>, and variant_object's.
variant's allocate everything but strings, arrays, and objects on the stack and are 'move aware' for values allocated on the heap.
Memory usage on 64 bit systems is 16 bytes and 12 bytes on 32 bit systems.
Definition at line 198 of file variant.hpp.
| enum fc::variant::type_id |
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| null_type | |
| int64_type | |
| uint64_type | |
| double_type | |
| bool_type | |
| string_type | |
| array_type | |
| object_type | |
| blob_type |
Definition at line 201 of file variant.hpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | ) |
Constructs a null_type variant.
Definition at line 30 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | std::nullptr_t | , |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Constructs a null_type variant.
Definition at line 35 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | const char * | str, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
| str | - UTF8 string |
| max_depth | - the maximum depth to recurse into |
Definition at line 120 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | char * | str, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 114 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | wchar_t * | str, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 127 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | const wchar_t * | str, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 138 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | float | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 96 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | uint8_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 40 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | int8_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 46 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | uint16_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 52 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | int16_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 58 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | uint32_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 64 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | int32_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 70 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | uint64_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 76 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | int64_t | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 90 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | double | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 102 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | bool | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 108 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | blob | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 153 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | std::string | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 148 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | variant_object | obj, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 159 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | mutable_variant_object | obj, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 164 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | variants | arr, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 170 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | const variant & | v, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 200 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | variant && | v, |
| uint32_t | max_depth = 1 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 224 of file variant.cpp.
| fc::variant::~variant | ( | ) |
Definition at line 230 of file variant.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 360 of file variant.hpp.
| fc::variant::variant | ( | const T & | val, |
| uint32_t | max_depth | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 580 of file variant.hpp.
|
inline |
_types that use non-intrusive variant conversion can implement the following method to implement conversion from variant to T.
void from_variant( const Variant& var, T& val, uint32_t max_depth )
The above form is not always convienant, so the this templated method is used to enable conversion from Variants to other types.
Definition at line 337 of file variant.hpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 345 of file variant.hpp.
| blob fc::variant::as_blob | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 518 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::as_bool | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 441 of file variant.cpp.
| double fc::variant::as_double | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 420 of file variant.cpp.
| int64_t fc::variant::as_int64 | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 377 of file variant.cpp.
| string fc::variant::as_string | ( | ) | const |
Convert's double, ints, bools, etc to a string
| if | get_type() == array_type | get_type() == object_type |
Definition at line 469 of file variant.cpp.
| uint64_t fc::variant::as_uint64 | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 398 of file variant.cpp.
| void fc::variant::clear | ( | ) |
Definition at line 181 of file variant.cpp.
| variants & fc::variant::get_array | ( | ) |
| if | get_type() != array_type | null_type |
Definition at line 496 of file variant.cpp.
| const variants & fc::variant::get_array | ( | ) | const |
| if | get_type() != array_type |
Definition at line 545 of file variant.cpp.
| blob & fc::variant::get_blob | ( | ) |
Definition at line 503 of file variant.cpp.
| const blob & fc::variant::get_blob | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 510 of file variant.cpp.
| variant_object & fc::variant::get_object | ( | ) |
| if | get_type() != object_type | null_type |
Definition at line 554 of file variant.cpp.
| const variant_object & fc::variant::get_object | ( | ) | const |
| if | get_type() != object_type |
Definition at line 583 of file variant.cpp.
| const string & fc::variant::get_string | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 575 of file variant.cpp.
| variant::type_id fc::variant::get_type | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 304 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_array | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 368 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_blob | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 372 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_bool | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 318 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_double | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 322 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_int64 | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 330 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_integer | ( | ) | const |
int64, uint64, bool
Definition at line 335 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_null | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 309 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_numeric | ( | ) | const |
int64, uint64, double,bool
Definition at line 348 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_object | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 363 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_string | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 314 of file variant.cpp.
| bool fc::variant::is_uint64 | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 326 of file variant.cpp.
Definition at line 235 of file variant.cpp.
Definition at line 244 of file variant.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 354 of file variant.hpp.
| const variant & fc::variant::operator[] | ( | const char * | key | ) | const |
Definition at line 561 of file variant.cpp.
| const variant & fc::variant::operator[] | ( | size_t | pos | ) | const |
Definition at line 565 of file variant.cpp.
| size_t fc::variant::size | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 570 of file variant.cpp.
| void fc::variant::visit | ( | const visitor & | v | ) | const |
Definition at line 271 of file variant.cpp.


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| AbstractBuilder |
Kurento Media Builder base interface.
|
| AlphaBlending.Builder |
|
| AudioCaps |
Format for audio media
|
| AudioCodec |
Codec used for transmission of audio.
|
| BaseRtpEndpoint |
Base class for the implementation of RTP-based communication endpoints.
|
| CertificateKeyType |
.
|
| CodeFoundEvent |
Event raised by a ZBarFilter when a code is found in the data being streamed.
|
| Composite.Builder |
|
| ConnectionState |
State of the connection.
|
| ConnectionStateChangedEvent |
This event is raised when the connection between two peers changes.
|
| Continuation |
This interface is to be used in asynchronous calls to the media server.
|
| CryptoSuite |
Describes the encryption and authentication algorithms
|
| DataChannelClosedEvent |
Event fired when a data channel is closed.
|
| DataChannelOpenedEvent |
Event fired when a new data channel is created.
|
| Dispatcher.Builder |
|
| DispatcherOneToMany.Builder |
|
| DSCPValue |
Possible DSCP values
|
| ElementConnectedEvent |
Indicates that an element has been connected to another
|
| ElementConnectionData |
|
| ElementDisconnectedEvent |
Indicates that an element has been disconnected from another
|
| ElementStats |
A dictionary that represents the stats gathered in the media element.
|
| EndOfStreamEvent |
Event raised when the stream that the element sends out is finished.
|
| Endpoint |
Base interface for all end points.
|
| ErrorEvent |
Fired whenever an undefined error related to the MediaObject has occurred
|
| Event |
Parent interface for Kurento events.
|
| EventListener |
Interface to be implemented by MediaEvent listeners.
|
| FaceOverlayFilter.Builder |
|
| Filter |
Base interface for all filters.
|
| FilterType |
Type of filter to be created.
|
| Fraction |
Type that represents a fraction of an integer numerator over an integer denominator
|
| GapsFixMethod |
How to fix gaps when they are found in the recorded stream.
|
| GenericMediaElement.Builder |
|
| GstreamerDotDetails |
Details of gstreamer dot graphs
|
| GStreamerFilter.Builder |
|
| Handler |
|
| HttpEndpoint |
Endpoint that enables Kurento to work as an HTTP server, allowing peer HTTP clients to access media.
|
| HttpPostEndpoint.Builder |
|
| Hub |
|
| HubPort |
|
| HubPort.Builder |
|
| IceCandidate |
IceCandidate representation based on RTCIceCandidate interface.
|
| IceCandidateFoundEvent |
Notifies a new local candidate.
|
| IceCandidatePair |
The ICE candidate pair used by the ICE library, for a certain stream.
|
| IceComponentState |
States of an ICE component.
|
| IceComponentStateChangedEvent |
Event fired when and ICE component state changes.
|
| IceConnection |
The ICE connection state for a certain stream and component.
|
| IceGatheringDoneEvent |
Event fired when al ICE candidates have been gathered.
|
| ImageOverlayFilter.Builder |
|
| KurentoClient |
|
| KurentoClientBuilder |
|
| KurentoConnectionListener |
|
| KurentoObject |
|
| ListenerSubscription |
Interface to be implemented by objects that represent the subscription to an event in Kurento.
|
| MediaElement |
The basic building block of the media server, that can be interconnected inside a pipeline.
|
| MediaEvent |
Base for all events raised by elements in the Kurento media server.
|
| MediaFlowInStateChangedEvent |
Fired when the incoming media flow begins or ends.
|
| MediaFlowOutStateChangedEvent |
Fired when the outgoing media flow begins or ends.
|
| MediaFlowState |
Flowing state of the media.
|
| MediaLatencyStat |
A dictionary that represents the stats gathered.
|
| MediaObject |
Base interface used to manage capabilities common to all Kurento elements.
|
| MediaPipeline |
A pipeline is a container for a collection of MediaElements and :rom:cls:`MediaMixers `.
|
| MediaProfileSpecType |
Media profile, used by the RecorderEndpoint builder to specify the codecs and media container that should be used for the recordings.
|
| MediaSessionStartedEvent |
Event raised when the endpoint has successfully finished the signaling stage,
and is ready for establishing a connection.
|
| MediaSessionTerminatedEvent |
Event raised when the endpoint has finished its operation and the connection has
been tore down.
|
| MediaState |
State of the media.
|
| MediaStateChangedEvent |
This event is fired when the media connection between two peers changes, based on the RTCP packet flow.
|
| MediaTranscodingState |
Transcoding state for a media.
|
| MediaTranscodingStateChangedEvent |
Event fired when an incoming media begins and codec transcoding is either required or not.
|
| MediaType |
Type of media stream to be exchanged.
|
| Mixer.Builder |
|
| ModuleInfo |
Description of a loaded modules
|
| NewCandidatePairSelectedEvent |
Event fired when a new pair of ICE candidates is used by the ICE library.
|
| ObjectCreatedEvent |
Indicates that an object has been created on the media server
|
| ObjectDestroyedEvent |
Indicates that an object has been destroyed on the media server
|
| OfferOptions |
Used to customize the offer created by SdpEndpoint.generateOffer .
|
| OnKeySoftLimitEvent |
Fired when encryption is used and any stream reached the soft key usage limit, which means it will expire soon.
|
| PassThrough.Builder |
|
| PausedEvent |
Fired when the recorder goes to pause state
|
| PlayerEndpoint.Builder |
|
| Properties |
|
| RaiseBaseEvent |
|
| ReconnectedHandler |
|
| RecorderEndpoint.Builder |
|
| RecordingEvent |
Fired when the recoding effectively starts.
|
| RembParams |
Defines values for parameters of congestion control
|
| RTCDataChannelState |
Represents the state of the RTCDataChannel
|
| RTCRTPStreamStats |
Statistics for the RTP stream
|
| RTCStats |
An RTCStats dictionary represents the stats gathered.
|
| RTCStatsIceCandidatePairState |
Represents the state of the checklist for the local and remote candidates in a pair.
|
| RTCStatsIceCandidateType |
Types of candidates
|
| RtpEndpoint.Builder |
|
| SDES |
Security Descriptions for Media Streams
|
| SdpEndpoint |
Interface implemented by Endpoints that require an SDP Offer/Answer negotiation in order to configure a media session.
|
| ServerInfo |
Description of the media server
|
| ServerManager |
This is a standalone object for managing the MediaServer
|
| ServerType |
Indicates if the server is a real media server or a proxy
|
| SessionEndpoint |
All networked Endpoints that require to manage connection sessions with remote peers implement this interface.
|
| Stats |
A dictionary that represents the stats gathered.
|
| StatsType |
The type of the object.
|
| StoppedEvent |
Fired when the recorder has been stopped and all the media has been written to storage.
|
| Tag |
Pair key-value with info about a MediaObject
|
| TFuture |
|
| Transaction |
|
| TransactionException |
|
| TransactionExecutionException |
|
| UriEndpoint |
Interface for endpoints the require a URI to work.
|
| UriEndpointState |
State of the endpoint
|
| UriEndpointStateChangedEvent |
Indicates the new state of the endpoint
|
| VideoCaps |
Format for video media
|
| VideoCodec |
Codec used for transmission of video.
|
| VideoInfo |
|
| WebRtcEndpoint.Builder |
|
| ZBarFilter.Builder |
|


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THE RELIC A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1997 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 5.0 Alternative Scale: ** out of ****
United States, 1997 Release date: 1/10/97 (wide) Running Length: 1:45 MPAA Classification: R (Violence, extreme gore) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1
Cast: Penelope Ann Miller, Tom Sizemore, Linda Hunt, James Whitmore Director: Peter Hyams Producers: Gale Ann Hurd, Sam Mercer Screenplay: Amy Holden Jones and John Raffo and Rick Jaffa & Amanda Silver based on the novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child Cinematography: Peter Hyams Music: John Debney U.S. Distributor: Paramount Pictures
There are moments when THE RELIC is almost enjoyable, albeit in a visceral sort of way. Unfortunately, when all is said and done, this horror/science fiction amalgamation seems like nothing more ambitious than a bad reworking of elements from ALIENS, SPECIES, JAWS, and PREDATOR. Except for the choice of protagonists and the setting, there's nothing remotely new here. Even the homicidal monster, created in the workshop of veteran creature master, Stan Winston, looks like the result of mixing and matching some of the most gruesome attributes of recent non-human villains.
Director Peter Hyams (one of the few film makers to act as his own cinematographer), who once helmed Sean Connery in OUTLAND, manages to occasionally elevate the tension to a level that arrests the audience's attention, but it doesn't lead to anything worthwhile. The ending is a classic example of deus ex machina -- a sudden, unexpected turn-of- events that leaves movie-goers shaking their heads sadly and wondering why the screenwriters couldn't have thought up something more reasonable and satisfying.
Most of the action takes place in Chicago's Museum of Natural History, the destination of a mysterious artifact from Brazil. Shortly after its arrival, a security guard is brutally murdered (he's decapitated and part of his brain is eaten). Chicago P.D. Detective D'Agosta (Tom Sizemore) thinks there's a link between the museum murder and a recent massacre on a ship found adrift in Lake Michigan. As D'Agosta's investigation takes him deeper into the bowels of the building, he is reluctantly helped by Dr. Margo Green (Penelope Ann Miller), an evolutionary biologist who discovers important DNA evidence about the killer.
The second half of the movie, which is by far the most energetic, involves a gala celebration at the museum that turns into a bloodbath when the creature gets loose and starts beheading people and sucking out their brains. A power failure causes all the security doors to crash down, trapping a number of dignitaries inside the building. This results in a cat-and-mouse hunt through unlit, underground tunnels and water-filled catacombs, with D'Agosta and Green trying to distract the monster so that it doesn't devour the mayor.
The film is filled with references to DNA, evolution, and all sorts of other scientific (or, in some cases, pseudo-scientific) mumbo-jumbo. While these may have been important plot aspects of the novel upon which THE RELIC is based, all they manage to accomplish here is to add minutes to the running time without providing any valuable insight into what's going on. To borrow a term, THE RELIC is basically designed as a "bug hunt"; attempts to make it anything more intelligent or interesting fail.
Penelope Ann Miller definitely isn't classic action heroine material. She looks nice in a slinky black dress and can let out a pretty decent scream, but she's too petite to get involved in any face- to-face combat. As a result, the always-reliable Tom Sizemore is on hand to provide some muscle (although he's shut out of the final battle by a conveniently-locked metal door). I suppose these two deserve credit for maintaining such a level of earnestness amidst all the cliches.
This kind of movie has a built-in audience, although it's not clear how large that audience is. We've seen so many variations on this same story that it's gradually losing whatever appeal it once held. THE RELIC isn't the film to inject new life into the sub-genre. Instead, this is just the latest attempt to milk a mostly-dry formula, and the result is what you might expect -- a slick, gory motion picture with lots of cheap shocks, including the obligatory cat jumping out of the darkness. Such a poor payoff is hardly a good reason to shell out the price of admission at the box office.
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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1. NovoLog FlexPen
(It is an insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus.)
2. Dutasteride
(This medication is used in men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It works by reducing the size of the enlarged prostate.)
3. Timolol
(It is a beta blocker medication used either by mouth or as eye drops. As eye drops it is used to treat increased pressure inside the eye such as in ocular hypertension and glaucoma)
4. Omega-3 acid ethyl esters
(Omega-3 acid ethyl esters are ethyl esters of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid found in fish oil. Together with dietary changes, they are used to treat high blood triglycerides which may reduce the risk of pancreatitis.)
5. Prescription for Alzheimer's ?
6. Prescription for Diabetes ?
7. Travoprost
(It is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient.)
8. Finasteride
(It is a medication used to treat hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia in men.)
9. Any past history of Heart Attack ?
10. Latanoprost
(It is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye. This includes ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma. It is applied as eye drops to the eyes.)
11. Insulin glargine
(It is a long-acting insulin, used in the management of type I and type II diabetes. It is typically the recommended long acting insulin in the United Kingdom. It is used once a day as an injection just under the skin.)
12. Insulin detemir
(It is a long-acting insulin used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is used by injection under the skin. It is effective for up to 24 hours.)
13. Brimonidine Tartrate
(This medication is used to treat open-angle glaucoma or high fluid pressure in the eye. Lowering high fluid pressure in the eye reduces the risk of vision loss, nerve damage, or blindness.)
14. Bimatoprost
(It is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It may also be used to increase the size of the eyelashes. )
15. Cyclosporine
(It is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant medication. It is a natural product. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, nephrotic syndrome, and in organ transplants to prevent rejection)
16. Morphine sulfate
(A strong prescription pain medicine that contains an opioid (narcotic) that is used to manage pain severe enough to require daily around-the-clock, long-term treatment with an opioid, when other pain treatments such as non-opioid pain medicines or immediate-release opioid medicines do not treat)
17. Neomycin Topical
(It is used to prevent or treat skin infections caused by bacteria. It is not effective against fungal or viral infections.)
18. Primidone
(It is a barbiturate medication that is used to treat partial and generalized seizures, as well as essential tremors. It is taken by mouth. )
19. Humalog
(It is a type of insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Typically it is taken around the time of eating. It is used by injection under the skin or within an insulin pump.)
20. NovoLog
(It is a type of manufactured insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Typically it is taken just before eating. It is generally used by injection under the skin but may also be used by injection into a vein.)
21. Dorzolamide / Timolol
(It is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. It is a combination of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate. It may be used when a beta blocker, like timolol, is not sufficient alone. It is used as an eye drop. )
22. Diclofenac
(Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. It is taken by mouth, rectally in a suppository, used by injection, or applied to the skin. Improvements in pain last for as much as eight hours.)


Project title is required
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|
| | Face () |
| | Default constructor. More...
|
| |
| | Face (const size_t my_zone_in, const short int my_id_in) |
| | Parametrized constructor (leaves Face::node, Face::nbr empty) More...
|
| |
| virtual | ~Face () |
| | Destructor. More...
|
| |
| virtual void | clear () |
| | Reset *this Face to the state initialized by Face::Face. More...
|
| |
| void | set_my_zone (const size_t my_zone_in) |
| | Setter for Face::my_zone. More...
|
| |
| size_t | get_my_zone () const |
| | Getter for Face::my_zone. More...
|
| |
| void | set_my_id (const short int my_id_in) |
| | Setter for Face::my_id. More...
|
| |
| short int | get_my_id () const |
| | Getter for Face::my_id. More...
|
| |
| virtual size_t | size () const |
| | Getter for the size of Face::node. More...
|
| |
| virtual bool | is_curved (const Grid &g) const =0 |
| | Flag for the shape of *this Face. More...
|
| |
| bool | is_flat (const Grid &g) const |
| | Flag for the shape of *this Face. More...
|
| |
| void | add_node (const size_t i) |
| | Adds a Node ID to the end of Face::node. More...
|
| |
| size_t | get_node (const size_t i) const |
| | Retrieves the Node ID from given location in Face::node. More...
|
| |
| double | abs_diff (const Face &o) const |
| | Absolute difference between two Face objects. More...
|
| |
| virtual std::string | to_string () const |
| | String representation of a Face object. More...
|
| |
| void | load_face (std::ifstream &istr, const size_t nnodes) |
| | Loads a Face from an input file. More...
|
| |
| virtual void | load (std::ifstream &istr)=0 |
| | Constructor helper: loads a Face from an input file. More...
|
| |
| void | add_neighbor (const size_t zone_in, const short int face_in) |
| | Adds a neighbor's FaceID to the end of Face::nbr. More...
|
| |
| size_t | num_nbr () const |
| | Getter for the size of Face::nbr. More...
|
| |
| FaceID | get_neighbor (const size_t i) const |
| | Retrieves neighbor's FaceID from given location in Face::nbr. More...
|
| |
| virtual Vector3d | area2_normal_center (const Grid &g, Vector3d &c) const =0 |
| | Normal vector of *this oriented Face of length 2*area; center of *this Face is also calculated as a byproduct. More...
|
| |
| virtual Vector3d | normal (const Grid &g) const =0 |
| | Unit normal vector of *this oriented Face. More...
|
| |
| virtual double | area (const Grid &g) const =0 |
| | Area of *this Face. More...
|
| |
| virtual double | distance (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &w) const =0 |
| | Signed distance of a point from *this Face. More...
|
| |
| virtual Vector3d | subpoint (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &w) const =0 |
| | Location of a point's subpoint on *this Face. More...
|
| |
| virtual Vector3d | face_point (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &w) const =0 |
| | A reference point on *this Face (used by Zone::zone_point) More...
|
| |
| bool | has_above (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &w) const |
| | Flags whether a point is above *this oriented Face. More...
|
| |
| bool | has_below (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &w) const |
| | Flags whether a point is below *this oriented Face. More...
|
| |
| virtual bool | contains (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &w) const =0 |
| | Flags whether a point is within *this Face. More...
|
| |
| virtual RetIntercept | intercept (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &p, const Vector3d &u, const double eqt, const FaceID &fid) const =0 |
| | Ray intercept with *this Face. More...
|
| |
| virtual Vector3d | velocity (const Grid &g, const Vector3d &w) const =0 |
| | Velocity of a point on *this Face. More...
|
| |
Abstract base class for various Face types that define Zone objects.
Definition at line 113 of file Face.h.


Issue reporting and testing¶
If you like the idea of this software, please help improving it by filing issue report when you find bugs.
To file a bug¶
- Create a minimal working example (MWE) TeX document that contains absolutely nothing aside from the material necessary for reproducing the bug. The document should (if possible) be able to compile on a fresh installation of LateX without any custom packages.
- Open an issue report and describe the conditions under which you experience the bug. It should be possible for me to reproduce the bug by following your directions.
- If the script returns an error, copy and paste the error reporting into the report.
- If the script returns you document, include that, and describe the result you expected, and how that differs from what you get.
Testing updated issue branches¶
Once I (think I) have a solution, I will ask you to test a branch. You can do that by either downloading that specific branch as a zip or clone the repository and pull down the changed branch. Choose one of the following two, depending on you preferences.
Downloading branch zip This approach is simplest if (1) you don’t
feel quite comfortable using git
or (2) only want to test a single
change or issue.
- Navigate to the relevant branch in Github (the “Branch:” dropdown).
- Download that branch to your computer (the “Clone or download” button).
- Navigate to the downloaded zip file, unzip it and enter the directory.
Clone repository and checkout branch This approach is more flexible
and makes it easier for you to pull and test different branches. It also
makes it easier to keep track of which branch you are testing on (with
the git status
command). Finally, if you should want to push changes
in pull requests, this is also the approach you should use.
- Navigate to an appropriate directory.
- Run
git clone https://github.com/stenskjaer/samewords.git
. A directory with the name “samewords” will be created in you current working directory. - Check out the branch that you want to test. If that is called
issue-13
rungit checkout issue-13
.
After either of the above processes, the rest is identical:
- Create a virtual environment for testing with
python3 -m venv .env
, and then activate it withsource .env/bin/activate
(this is based on a Unix environment, if you run Windows, check out the Python documentation). - Install the script in the virtual environment with
pip install -e .
. - To make sure you run the version in the virtual environment, run
.env/bin/samewords
from the directory (to avoid using a global version of the script, if you have that). - Run your supplied MWE (or other material provided by me in the issue report) and inspect whether the problem is solved and report back in the issue report.
- When you are done testing, deactivate the virtual environment by running
deactivate
(Bash on Unix) ordeactivate.bat
(Windows).
Notice that if you are asked to test a branch it is not necessary to run any of the automated tests.
If you have downloaded a branch zip, you can delete the unzipped directory, and everything should be back to normal.
If you have cloned the repository, you can just leave it there.


{% extends "common/base-narrow.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block narrowcontent %}
Your account and projects are as you left them, and you can continue as usual:
If you object to Pebble running CloudPebble, you can export your data and delete your account.
Note that deleting your account is permanent and irreversible. Be sure you export your data first!


Shoptime
home
orders
product
admin
Select All
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Shipping
Done
ADD NEW PRODUCT
Product
Original
Discount
Size
Color
Inventory
Status
Ian Medina
$2,200
$2,200
L
Gray
Black
15
20
M
Gray
Black
15
20
S
Gray
Black
15
20
Paid
Paid
Unpaid
Shipping
Done
Ian Medina
$2,200
$2,200
L
Gray
Black
15
20
M
Gray
Black
15
20
S
Gray
Black
15
20
Paid
Paid
Unpaid
Shipping
Done
1
2
3
4
5
add new product
Drag an image or click here to upload…
Product Discription
Product Discription
Specification
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add new specification
publish
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Diplonet is an open source interface to the Bitcoin network, which lets you certificate and timestamp diplomas thanks to Blockchain technology.
Diplonet is not an authority, just a mean.
DiploNet aims to certificate diplomas by using a blockchain technology
Today, there is around 8% of fake diplomas advertised on resumes. DiploNet is here to fix this.
The process is initiated by schools administration services on their DiploNet own space. DiploNet platform, thereafter, generates identification QR code for each diploma in order to assess their validity. Then graduates are able to guarantee their certification by reporting their QR code on resumes or other documents. By scanning the QR code the recruiters can check the authenticity of candidates background in real-time.


Closing (real estate)
Closing (also referred to as completion or settlement) is the final step in executing a real estate transaction. The closing date is set during the negotiation phase, and is usually several weeks after the offer is formally accepted. On the closing date, the ownership of the property is transferred to the buyer. In most jurisdictions, ownership is officially transferred when a deed from the seller is delivered to the buyer. Lenders providing a mortgage loan will often require title service, including title search and title insurance, appraisal, land survey, and attorneys to be involved. Several things happen during closing:
- The buyer and/or his/her lender delivers a cheque (generally in the US, a cashier's check or wire transfer) for the balance owed on the purchase price.
- The seller signs the deed over to the buyer and gives it to the buyer. A recorder's office which would record the deed commonly requires the seller's signature to be notarized. If applicable, a mortgage will also be recorded. In jurisdictions that use the Torrens title system, such as New Zealand and Australia, this step involves the lodging of a transfer instrument with the relevant Registrar.
- Commonly, the seller delivers possession to the buyer, typically by giving the buyer keys for any buildings or apartment. Unless otherwise specified in the real estate contract, delivery of possession should be at the closing.
- A title company, lawyer, notary, or the buyer registers the new deed with the local land registry office or recorder's office. A declaration or statement by the buyer or seller regarding the purchase price may have to be filed with the government. Conveyancing taxes and recorder's fee will typically have to be paid, which are part of the closing costs.
- The seller receives a cheque or bank transfer for the proceeds of the sale, less closing costs and mortgage payouts.
- From the funds allotted for closing costs, prepayments for real estate taxes and insurance may be required, and fees charged by other parties may be paid, such as real estate brokers/agents, title companies, lawyers, etc.
In some states, closing in escrow may occur. In this process, a title company or other trusted party holds the money and the signed deed, and arranges for the transfer. This is primarily so that the seller can give up ownership of the property, and the buyer can hand over the payment, without both parties having to be present at the closing at the same time. Escrow ensures an orderly transaction, or if something goes wrong, an orderly termination of the agreement. In other states, a process called settlement takes place on a specified date and time during which all parties (usually including the agents involved) meet at a settlement company, and which is presided over or supervised by a lawyer or settlement agent. At that time, the settlement agent disburses all funds listed on the settlement statement (in form of certified or wired funds) and the property conveyance takes place, and the deed is then recorded by the settlement company. A reference to completion is in effect the same as closing and takes its name from the contract to convey property having been completed once the balance owed on the purchase price has been paid to the seller and title transferred to the buyer.


"This board is for the discussion of classic, or "retro" games. Retro gaming means consoles, computer games, arcade games (including pinball) and any other forms of video games on platforms launched in 1999 and earlier. With the release of the 8th generation of consoles, the Sega Dreamcast will now be considered "retro", though the remainder of the sixth generation (Xbox, PS2, GameCube) will not."
/vr/ Is the place to specifically talk about retro video games, some of the games mentioned in /tg/ are also retro games but you are more likely to find retro games posted here than in /tg/.
Threads here talk about specific retro games, usually rating them, or talking about how to obtain them. Threads about the mechanics and simplicity of the games are also common in this board. People also sometimes sell their games on this board, simply because they don't want it or they need to sell it.


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h2 { font-size: 2em; color: #000; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; } .small { font-size: 1em; } .bright { color: rebeccapurple; }
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Chapter 5 R Programming
5.1 What is R?
The R statistical programming language is a free, open source package based on the S language developed by John Chambers.
5.1.1 Some history of R and S
S was further developed into R by Robert Gentlemen (Canada) and Ross Ihaka (New Zealand)
5.1.2 It is:
- Large, probably one of the largest based on the user-written add-ons/procedures
- Object-oriented
- Interactive
- Multiplatform: Windows, Mac, Linux
According to John Chambers (2009), six facets of R:
- an interface to computational procedures of many kinds;
- interactive, hands-on in real time;
- functional in its model of programming;
- object-oriented, “everything is an object”;
- modular, built from standardized pieces; and,
- collaborative, a world-wide, open-source effort.
5.2 Why R?
- A programming platform environment
- Allow development of software/packages by users
- Currently, the CRAN package repository features over 14,000 available packages (as of May, 2019).
- Graphics!!!
- Scaleble and Portable
- Interface with other platform/langauges (e.g. C++, Python, JavaScript, Stan, SQL)
- Comparing R with other software?
Source: Oscar Torres-Reyna. 2010. Getting Started in R~Stata Notes on Exploring Data
5.3 RStudio
RStudio is a user interface for the statistical programming software R.
- Object-based environment
- Window system
- Point and click operations
- Coding recommended
- Expansions and development
- a multi-functional Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
5.4 Basic operations and object assignment
Arithmetic Operations:
+, -, *, /, ^ are the standard arithmetic operators.
Assignment
To assign a value to a variable use “<-” or “=”:
## Introduction to R sample program
## file: introR02.R
## Adapted from Venables, W.N., Smith, D.M. and Team, R.C., 2018. An Introduction to R, Version 3.5.1 (2018-07-02)
# Clear any existing objects
rm(list = ls())
# Generate x, y and w to demontrate linear models and plots.
# Make x = (1,2,...,20).
x <- 1:20
# Create A ‘weight’ vector of standard deviations.
w <- 1 + sqrt(x)/2
# Create a data frame of two columns, x and y.
dummy <- data.frame(x=x, y= x + rnorm(x)*w)
# Fit a simple linear regression
# With y to the left of the tilde then x, meaning y being dependent on x.
# Unlike other statistical packages, R does not display all output. It is recommended
# to create an object to store the estimates.
fm <- lm(y ~ x, data=dummy)
# Display the summary of the output of model fm.
summary(fm)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = y ~ x, data = dummy)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -4.8994 -0.9048 -0.0818 1.3375 3.9169
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.22236 0.95924 0.232 0.819
## x 1.03215 0.08008 12.890 1.58e-10 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 2.065 on 18 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9023, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8968
## F-statistic: 166.1 on 1 and 18 DF, p-value: 1.582e-10
# Use w for a weighted regression.
fm1 <- lm(y ~ x, data=dummy, weight=1/w^2)
# Display the summary of the output of model fm1.
summary(fm1)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = y ~ x, data = dummy, weights = 1/w^2)
##
## Weighted Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.4813 -0.4128 -0.0213 0.5554 1.3700
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.35091 0.70106 0.501 0.623
## x 1.02043 0.07148 14.275 2.94e-11 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.7747 on 18 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9188, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9143
## F-statistic: 203.8 on 1 and 18 DF, p-value: 2.945e-11
# Make the columns in the data frame visible as variables.
attach(dummy)
# Make a nonparametric local regression function.
lrf <- lowess(x, y)
# Standard point plot, with plotting character (pch) as bullet.
plot(x, y,pch=20)
# Add in the local regression.
lines(x, lrf$y)
# The true regression line: (intercept 0, slope 1, with dotted line type )
abline(0, 1, lty=3)
# Unweighted regression line.
abline(coef(fm))
# Weighted regression line.
abline(coef(fm1), col = "red")
# A standard regression diagnostic plot to check for heteroscedasticity. Can you see it?
plot(fitted(fm), pch=20, resid(fm), xlab="Fitted values", ylab="Residuals", main="Residuals vs Fitted")
# How about now?
abline(0,0, col="red")
# A normal scores plot to check for skewness, kurtosis and outliers.
qqnorm(resid(fm), main="Residuals Rankit Plot", pch=17)
# Cleaning up
rm(list = ls())
5.5 Illustration
In this section, we demonstrate exploring data about Taiwan elections in 2016. The Taiwan Election and Democratization Study (TEDS) is one of the longest and most comprehensive elections studies starting in 2001. TEDS collects data through different modes of surveys including face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews and internet surveys. More detail of TEDS can be found at the National Chengchi University Election Study Center website at https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/main.php.
Taiwan Election and Democratization Study 2016 data
# Import the TEDS 2016 data in Stata format using the haven package
##install.packages("haven")
library(haven)
TEDS_2016 <- haven::read_stata("https://github.com/datageneration/home/blob/master/DataProgramming/data/TEDS_2016.dta?raw=true")
# Prepare the analyze the Party ID variable
# Assign label to the values (1=KMT, 2=DPP, 3=NP, 4=PFP, 5=TSU, 6=NPP, 7="NA")
TEDS_2016$PartyID <- factor(TEDS_2016$PartyID, labels=c("KMT","DPP","NP","PFP", "TSU", "NPP","NA"))
Take a look at the variable:
# Check the variable
attach(TEDS_2016)
head(PartyID)
## [1] NA NA KMT NA NA DPP
## Levels: KMT DPP NP PFP TSU NPP NA
tail(PartyID)
## [1] NA NA DPP NA NA NA
## Levels: KMT DPP NP PFP TSU NPP NA
Frequency table:
# Run a frequency table of the Party ID variable using the descr package
## install.packages("descr")
library(descr)
freq(TEDS_2016$PartyID)
## TEDS_2016$PartyID
## Frequency Percent
## KMT 388 22.9586
## DPP 591 34.9704
## NP 3 0.1775
## PFP 32 1.8935
## TSU 5 0.2959
## NPP 43 2.5444
## NA 628 37.1598
## Total 1690 100.0000
Get a better chart of the Party ID variable:
# Plot the Party ID variable
library(ggplot2)
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'ggplot2':
## method from
## [.quosures rlang
## c.quosures rlang
## print.quosures rlang
ggplot(TEDS_2016, aes(PartyID)) +
geom_bar()
We can attend to more detail of the chart, such as adding labels to x and y axes, and calculating the percentage instead of counts.
ggplot2::ggplot(TEDS_2016, aes(PartyID)) +
geom_bar(aes(y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) +
scale_y_continuous(labels=scales::percent) +
ylab("Party Support (%)") +
xlab("Taiwan Political Parties")
Adding colors, with another theme:
ggplot2::ggplot(TEDS_2016, aes(PartyID)) +
geom_bar(aes(y = (..count..)/sum(..count..),fill=PartyID)) +
scale_y_continuous(labels=scales::percent) +
ylab("Party Support (%)") +
xlab("Taiwan Political Parties") +
theme_bw()
Hold on, colors are not right!
ggplot2::ggplot(TEDS_2016, aes(PartyID)) +
geom_bar(aes(y = (..count..)/sum(..count..),fill=PartyID)) +
scale_y_continuous(labels=scales::percent) +
ylab("Party Support (%)") +
xlab("Taiwan Political Parties") +
theme_bw() +
scale_fill_manual(values=c("steel blue","forestgreen","khaki1","orange","goldenrod","yellow","grey"))
To make the chart more meaningful, we can use a package called tidyverse to manage the data.
##install.packages("tidyverse")
library(tidyverse)
TEDS_2016 %>%
count(PartyID) %>%
mutate(perc = n / nrow(TEDS_2016)) -> T2
ggplot2::ggplot(T2, aes(x = reorder(PartyID, -perc),y = perc,fill=PartyID)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
ylab("Party Support (%)") +
xlab("Taiwan Political Parties") +
theme_bw() +
scale_fill_manual(values=c("steel blue","forestgreen","khaki1","orange","goldenrod","yellow","grey"))


Common ACK Error Codes. More...
#include <dji_error.hpp>
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const uint16_t | SUCCESS = 0x0000 |
| static const uint16_t | KEY_ERROR = 0xFF00 |
| static const uint16_t | NO_AUTHORIZATION_ERROR = 0xFF01 |
| static const uint16_t | NO_RIGHTS_ERROR = 0xFF02 |
| static const uint16_t | SYSTEM_ERROR = 0xFF03 |
| static const uint16_t | NO_RESPONSE_ERROR = 0xFFFF |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_NONE = 0 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_COMPASS_ABNORMAL = 1 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ASSISTANT_PROTECTED = 2 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_DEVICE_LOCKED = 3 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_NEED_ADV_CALIBRATION = 5 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_SN_ERROR = 6 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_PREHEATING = 7 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_COMPASS_CALIBRATING = 8 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_NO_ATTITUDE = 9 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_NO_GPS_IN_NOVICE_MODE = 10 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_CELL_ERROR = 11 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_COMMUNICATION_ERROR = 12 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_VOLTAGE_TOO_LOW = 13 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_USER_LOW_LAND = 14 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_MAIN_VOL_LOW = 15 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_TEMP_VOL_LOW = 16 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_SMART_LOW_LAND = 17 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_NOT_READY = 18 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RUNNING_SIMULATOR = 19 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_PACK_MODE = 20 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_ATTI_LIMIT = 21 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_NOT_ACTIVATED = 22 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IN_FLYLIMIT_AREA = 23 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_BIAS_LIMIT = 24 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_ERROR = 25 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_INITING = 26 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_UPGRADING = 27 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_HAVE_RUN_SIM = 28 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_CALIBRATING = 29 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_TAKEOFF_TILT_TOO_LARGE = 30 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_31 = 31 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_32 = 32 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_33 = 33 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_34 = 34 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_35 = 35 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_36 = 36 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_37 = 37 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_38 = 38 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_39 = 39 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_40 = 40 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_SN = 41 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_42 = 42 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_43 = 43 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_FLASH_OPERATING = 44 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GPS_DISCONNECT = 45 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_INTERNAL_46 = 46 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RECORDER_ERROR = 47 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_PRODUCT = 48 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_49 = 49 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_50 = 50 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_51 = 51 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_52 = 52 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_53 = 53 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_54 = 54 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_55 = 55 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_56 = 56 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_57 = 57 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_58 = 58 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_59 = 59 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_60 = 60 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_DISCONNECTED = 61 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RC_CALIBRATING = 62 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RC_CALI_DATA_OUT_RANGE = 63 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RC_QUIT_CALI = 64 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RC_CENTER_OUT_RANGE = 65 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RC_MAP_ERROR = 66 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_WRONG_AIRCRAFT_TYPE = 67 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_SOME_MODULE_NOT_CONFIGURED = 68 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_69 = 69 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_70 = 70 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_71 = 71 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_72 = 72 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_73 = 73 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_NS_ABNORMAL = 74 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_TOPOLOGY_ABNORMAL = 75 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RC_NEED_CALI = 76 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_FLOAT = 77 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_TOO_FEW = 78 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_AUTH_ERR = 79 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_COMM_ERR = 80 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_DIF_VOLT_LARGE_1 = 81 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_BOLTAHGE_DIFF_82 = 82 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_VERSION = 83 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_GYRO_ABNORMAL = 84 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ESC_PITCH_NO_DATA = 85 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ESC_ROLL_NO_DATA = 86 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ESC_YAW_NO_DATA = 87 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_FIRM_IS_UPDATING = 88 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_OUT_OF_CONTROL = 89 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_PITCH_SHOCK = 90 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ROLL_SHOCK = 91 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_YAW_SHOCK = 92 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_CALI_SUCCESS = 93 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_TAKEOFF_EXCEPTION = 94 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_STALL_NEAR_GOUND = 95 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_UNBALANCE_ON_GRD = 96 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_PART_EMPTY_ON_GRD = 97 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ENGINE_START_FAILED = 98 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_AUTO_TAKEOFF_LAUNCH_FAILED = 99 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ROLL_OVER_ON_GRD = 100 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BAT_VERSION_ERR = 101 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RTK_INITING = 102 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RTK_FAIL_TO_INIT = 103 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_104 = 104 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_105 = 105 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_106 = 106 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_107 = 107 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_108 = 108 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_RESERVED_109 = 109 |
| static const uint8_t | START_MOTOR_FAIL_MOTOR_STARTED = 110 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_INTERNAL_111 = 111 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_CALIBRATING = 112 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GPS_SIGNATURE_INVALID = 113 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_CALIBRATING = 114 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_FORCE_DISABLE = 115 |
| static const uint8_t | TAKEOFF_HEIGHT_EXCEPTION = 116 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_NEED_UPGRADE = 117 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_GYRO_DATA_NOT_MATCH = 118 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_APP_NOT_ALLOW = 119 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_COMPASS_IMU_MISALIGN = 120 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_FLASH_UNLOCK = 121 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_SCREAMING = 122 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_TEMP_HIGH = 123 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_BAT_ERR = 124 |
| static const uint8_t | IMPACT_IS_DETECTED = 125 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_MODE_FAILURE = 126 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_CRAFT_FAIL_LATELY = 127 |
| static const uint8_t | KILL_SWITCH_ON = 135 |
| static const uint8_t | MOTOR_FAIL_MOTOR_CODE_ERROR = 255 |
Detailed Description
Common ACK Error Codes.
- Deprecated:
- This error code type is deprecated and will replaced by new errorcode in the future.
Member Data Documentation
◆ IMPACT_IS_DETECTED
|
static |
The aircraft detects an impact if the measured value of accelerometer exceeds 8g near ground.
◆ KILL_SWITCH_ON
|
static |
The aircraft kill switch is on, please disable it
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_APP_NOT_ALLOW
|
static |
APP stops the takeoff.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ASSISTANT_PROTECTED
|
static |
The aircraft is connected to the software for debugging parameters via the USB cable.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_AUTO_TAKEOFF_LAUNCH_FAILED
|
static |
During automatic take-off, the status of aircraft doesn't change from "on the ground" to "in the air" in 5s.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BAT_ERR
|
static |
The battery is not in place.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BAT_VERSION_ERR
|
static |
Battery version error. Please check the battery version.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_CELL_ERROR
|
static |
Error occured in the battery cell.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_COMMUNICATION_ERROR
|
static |
Battery communication is abnormal.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_MAIN_VOL_LOW
|
static |
The voltage is below the second-level power set by user.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_NOT_READY
|
static |
This error occurs whin 7s after power up. Also, it occurs if the battery certification hasn't passed yet.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_SMART_LOW_LAND
|
static |
Flight contol calculates that current power is only adequate to land.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_USER_LOW_LAND
|
static |
The volume (%) is below the second-level power set by user.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_BATTERY_VOLTAGE_TOO_LOW
|
static |
Battery voltage is below the minimum allowable value.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_COMPASS_ABNORMAL
|
static |
The compass being used appears as follows:
(1) The compass data has too much noise.
(2) The compass data is stuck.
(3) The compass is disconnected.
(4) Compass user compilation error.
For the flight control of N3, A3 and M600, there are more situations:
(5) The compass is disturbed.
(6) Multiple compasses point different directions.
(7) Compass calibration failed.
(8) The compass is not calibrated.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_COMPASS_CALIBRATING
|
static |
Compass is being calibrated.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_COMPASS_IMU_MISALIGN
|
static |
Compass direction is not the same with IMU.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_CRAFT_FAIL_LATELY
|
static |
The aircraft recently had an error of NO. 125.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_DEVICE_LOCKED
|
static |
The structure of the parameter list has changed after the FW upgrade.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ENGINE_START_FAILED
|
static |
During starting, the speed of any motor is less than the minimum starting speed.
For N3 and A3, the minimum starting speed is 100rpm.
For M600, the minimum starting speed is 700rpm.
For other aircrafts, the minimum starting speed is 1100rpm.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_CALIBRATING
|
static |
The esc is in calibration.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_ERROR
|
static |
The status output by any esc is unhealthy.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_NEED_UPGRADE
|
static |
ESC needs upgrade.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_PART_EMPTY_ON_GRD
|
static |
There are some no-load motors. Please check the status of the motors and blades.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_SCREAMING
|
static |
The ESC is in the buzzing mode.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_STALL_NEAR_GOUND
|
static |
The motor is locked. Please check the status of the motors and blades.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_TEMP_HIGH
|
static |
The temperature of ESC is too high.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ESC_UNBALANCE_ON_GRD
|
static |
The feedback speed of motor is different with the input command.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_FLASH_OPERATING
|
static |
accessing flash data, MCU is blocked
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_FLASH_UNLOCK
|
static |
The flash is unlocked.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_FORCE_DISABLE
|
static |
The aircraft is force locked by APP.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ESC_PITCH_NO_DATA
|
static |
There is an gimbal pitch motor error which happens only in M600.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ESC_ROLL_NO_DATA
|
static |
There is an gimbal roll motor error which happens only in M600.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ESC_YAW_NO_DATA
|
static |
There is an gimbal yaw motor error which happens only in M600.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_FIRM_IS_UPDATING
|
static |
The gimbal is updating. Please wait for the upgrade.
This happens only in M600.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_GYRO_ABNORMAL
|
static |
There is an gimbal attitude error which happens only in M600.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_PITCH_SHOCK
|
static |
The gimbal has self-oscillation in the pitch direction.
Please lock the camera or reduce the gimbal sensitivity.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_ROLL_SHOCK
|
static |
The gimbal has self-oscillation in the roll direction.
Please lock the camera or reduce the gimbal sensitivity.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GIMBAL_YAW_SHOCK
|
static |
The gimbal has self-oscillation in the yaw direction.
Please lock the camera or reduce the gimbal sensitivity.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_GYRO_DATA_NOT_MATCH
|
static |
IMU direction is misaligned.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_HAVE_RUN_SIM
|
static |
The simulator has already been run.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_ATTI_LIMIT
|
static |
This error is caused by attitude limit of IMU if horizontal attitude output by navigation system is over 55 degrees when the system powered up for the first time.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_BIAS_LIMIT
|
static |
The IMU is too biased if the gyro's bias is over 0.03rad/s or the accelerometer's bias is over 50 mg when first started up.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_CALI_SUCCESS
|
static |
IMU calibration finished. Please reset aircraft.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_CALIBRATING
|
static |
The IMU is in calibration or the aircraft should reset after IMU calibration.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_DISCONNECTED
|
static |
IMU is disconnected. Please ask technical assistance for help if repeats after reset.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_INITING
|
static |
The IMU is initializing.The attitude data of the current navigation system has not converged yet and the height data of the current navigation system is not ready.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_NEED_ADV_CALIBRATION
|
static |
The IMU being used appears as follows:
(1) The accelerometer output exceeds its range.
(2) The accelerometer is stuck.
(3) The accelerometer data has too much noise.
(4) The accelerometer outputs illegal floating numbers.
(5) The factory data of IMU has exception.
(6) Multiple accelerometers output differently.
(7) The temperature of the IMU is too high.
(8) The temperature of the IMU is very high.
(9) The gyro output exceeds its range.
(10) The gyro is stuck.
(11) The gyro data has too much noise.
(12) The gyro outputs illegal floating numbers.
(13) Multiple accelerometers output differently.
(14) The temperature control of gyro is abnormal.
For the flight control of Inspire 2, there are more situations:
(15)The default IMU exception causes the switch to backup IMU.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_NO_ATTITUDE
|
static |
The attitude data output by navigation system being used is zero.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_PREHEATING
|
static |
The IMU being used is preheated and current temperature is not wihin the calibration range.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IMU_SN_ERROR
|
static |
The SN status is wrong.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_IN_FLYLIMIT_AREA
|
static |
The drone is in the restricted take-off area.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_FLOAT
|
static |
The system detects illegal data.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_PRODUCT
|
static |
The firmware is unmatched with configured type.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_SN
|
static |
invalid serial number
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_INVALID_VERSION
|
static |
Version mismatch. Please check the firmware version.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_AUTH_ERR
|
static |
Battery certification failed.
Please ask technical assistance for help if repeats after reset.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_COMM_ERR
|
static |
Battery communication is abnormal.
Please check the battery connection.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_DIF_VOLT_LARGE_1
|
static |
Battery voltage difference is too large. Please check the battery status.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_M600_BAT_TOO_FEW
|
static |
This error will happen only in M600 if the aircraft detects the battery number is not engouh.
Please insert more battery.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_MODE_FAILURE
|
static |
Under the P stall, the aircraft mode degenerates to the Attitude mode.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_MOTOR_CODE_ERROR
|
static |
The code logic is illegal.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_NO_GPS_IN_NOVICE_MODE
|
static |
The aircraft is in Novice Mode without gps.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_NOT_ACTIVATED
|
static |
The device is not activated.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_NS_ABNORMAL
|
static |
navigation system abnormal
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_PACK_MODE
|
static |
The aircraft (Inspire series) is setting itself to packing config.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_RC_CALI_DATA_OUT_RANGE
|
static |
RC calibration has an exception. Please calibrate the RC.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_RC_CALIBRATING
|
static |
RC is in calibration. Please finish rc calibration.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_RC_NEED_CALI
|
static |
The RC needs calibration. Please calibrate the RC.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_RECORDER_ERROR
|
static |
SD card has an exception. Please repair SD card if repeats after reset.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_ROLL_OVER_ON_GRD
|
static |
The aircraft is on a rollover on the ground or the attitude control fails near ground.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_RTK_FAIL_TO_INIT
|
static |
rtk yaw and magnetometer yaw misaligned
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_RTK_INITING
|
static |
RTK initialization error.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_RUNNING_SIMULATOR
|
static |
The simulator is running.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_SOME_MODULE_NOT_CONFIGURED
|
static |
Some modules that must be configured have not been configured yet.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_TAKEOFF_EXCEPTION
|
static |
The aircraft has rollover when taking off.
Please check the status of the IMU and motors.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_TAKEOFF_TILT_TOO_LARGE
|
static |
The aircraft's horizontal attitude angle exceeds the limit angle when requesting automatic takeoff.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_TOPOLOGY_ABNORMAL
|
static |
Each craft has a set of devices to register.
It won't take off if a class of device is missing. Please reset and check the connection.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_UPGRADING
|
static |
The system is being upgraded.
◆ MOTOR_FAIL_WRONG_AIRCRAFT_TYPE
|
static |
The aircraft type in flash is unmatched with the type in firmware.
Please check the aircraft type.
◆ START_MOTOR_FAIL_MOTOR_STARTED
|
static |
The motor status shows the motor has been started.
◆ TAKEOFF_HEIGHT_EXCEPTION
|
static |
The height of the takeoff is abnormal.
This error happens when the takeoff height relative to ground is up to 100m.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- osdk-core/api/inc/dji_error.hpp
- osdk-core/api/src/dji_error.cpp


Procedural File: XmlDoc.php
Source Location: /framework/XmlDoc.php
Classes:
XmlDoc
Class XmlDoc Version 1.1.0 Author: Deepak Dutta, http://www.eocene.net Unrestricted license, subject to no modifcations to the line above.
XmlNode
Class XmlNode Version 1.0.0 Author: Deepak Dutta, http://www.eocene.net Unrestricted license, subject to no modifcation to the line above.
Page Details:
Class XmlDoc Version 1.1.0 Author: Deepak Dutta, http://www.eocene.net Unrestricted license, subject to no modifcations to the line above.
Please include any modification history. 10/01/2002 Initial creation. 03/17/2003 Changed the xml read in one chunk XmlDoc class converts an xml file into a dom (tree) structure using PHP's XPAT xml support. Accepts an xml file in its constructor. PUBLIC PROPERTIES var $root XmlNode object representing root of the document var $numNodes number of element nodes in the xml file var $error error string PUBLIC METHODS isError() checks if $error has a string parse($xmlFile) parse the xml file and set $root.
Tags:
|


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title_block %}Sponsors - What is the PLAN?{% endblock %} {% block body_block %}
Thank you to those who sponsored PLAN 27!
Thank you for those who sponsored us for PLAN 25!


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This is a simple Flask microservice that we wrote for you.
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One
livestreaming app has always been a fascinating, generally positive, and all around beautiful place.
In April, The Outline - one of my favorite Web Sites ever - closed its virtual doors. I should be more sad about this, but since before they even launched, they never responded to a single one of my emails. I sent them words of encouragement, admiration, spelling and pronoun corrections, and even a few pitches. Some of them were pretty good ideas, but I never once heard back. I pitched this very piece, in fact, for their series called "A Good Place," which began with the tag "the internet is too much, but this place is just right." In general, it sought the more wholesome, "positive" bits of The Web and detailed the histories of - and some pseudotheraputic uses for - its often-quaint subjects. In my experience, I have not encountered anything more appropriate and yet mainstream for this supposition than Periscope, the live streaming app which Twitter bought before its independent launch that's quietly taken a place which could only be its very own.
TAKING A SHOWER/TAKING A SHIT EMBED
Through this service, I have watched - and watched with - people from all over the world and met apparently lifelong friends. I've spoken to users in their first 3 weeks trying to learn English and laughed with many more who couldn't understand each other whatsoever. I've streamed out hundreds of hours of live improv piano and had conversations with folks lasting late into the night on just about everything. I have observed Martin Shkreli’s pungent ideas come out of him in real time and popped into live interviews with celebrities at the beautiful, surreal Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. Periscope is embedded more deeply in society than one would think, considering how little it's mentioned in media.
In February 2014, Kayvon Beykpour and Joe Bernstein founded Periscope with a seed round from angel investors "including Adobe executive Scott Belsky." A year later, Twitter bought it for some $50-100 million (not even Business Insider knows for sure.) The app was briefly in direct competition with Meerkat - the since-extinct arguably originating service in the space.
By building a dead-simple broadcasting interface that piggybacks on Twitter‘s interest graph for identity, communication, and distribution, Meerkat made the first mobile livestreaming app that “just works."
Meerkat was an important rung in the ladder, but it ultimately died at the hands of Periscope due to its lack of a stream archive. "The surprise emergence of Meerkat as a social phenomenon this year has been accompanied by a frequent complaint: the links are usually dead by the time you click them," reported Casey Newton for The Verge.
For everything it got right, Meerkat still looks like an app built in eight weeks — which it was. Periscope has been in development for more than a year, and the app arrives showing nice attention to detail.
Periscope, by contrast, maintains an archive of past broadcasts for a significant period and allows users to save broadcasts locally on their phones. We have to remember how much has changed in the past five years in mobile terms. Dan Frommer in Quartz:
What has changed? Almost everything. Mobile phones are faster and more powerful, with large screens capable of displaying beautiful, high-definition video. Mobile networks—where LTE service is available, at least—can now easily handle high-quality streams in both directions. Data service is frequently affordable.
In 2015-2016, I worked afternoons (3-11PM) at a grocery store gas station in a moderately-sized shopping center on the South side of Columbia, Missouri. After work, I'd sit in my old Jaguar parked in front of the laundromat (for the WiFi) chainsmoking cigarettes on Periscope, talking about anything. I found my only real following, ever there. Friends like Juanita and Nicole were made. Ashers bought me a pack of cigarettes once (thank you!)
When I write about social services, I usually take some discerning care in my notes to document supporting instances in the wild demonstrating and supporting my arguments, but in just considering such a process in Periscope’s case, I realized that I am 95% sure I have never had what I would call a negative experience on Periscope – as either viewer or broadcaster, which makes any prior consideration of experiences far less necessary. I maintain that I could play a game of stream hopping across the “live-only” offering in the map view for a twenty-minute period, noting down the URL to each stream as I went, paying no more mind to the actual live content of each than would be required to know when to move on, and come away with a list containing entirely-wholesome, additive videos, peppered with a handful I would consider actually uplifting. Last night, I happened to open the app accidentally (I’ve kept it on my first iOS home screen page for as long as I can remember in an effort to remind myself to use it more, which I’ll come back to in a moment,) and immediately found


Gambling den busted in Ajni, cash, material worth Rs 9.57 lakh seized
by Nagpur Today, Nagpur NewsNagpur: In a major crackdown, the special squad of DCP Zone 5, Nilotpal busted a gambling den running on the terrace of the house under Ajni police station in the wee hours of Monday. Besides seizing cash and valuables collectively of Rs 9.57 lakh, cops have also rounded up around 27 gamblers.
According to police sources, the cops received secret information about a house near Rahate Nagar Toli road, where around 30 men have engaged in gambling activities inside a tent on the roof top. Acting swiftly on the information the special squad comprising API D Annachantre, Constables Suraj Bharti, Yogesh Tatod, Vinod Sontakke, PRabhakar Mankar, Ravindra Raut, Chetan Jadhav, Mrudul Nagare raided the house and rounded up 27 gamblers including house owner Sandeep Nade.
Cops have booked all the accused under Sections 4,5 of the Maharashtra Gambling Act against the accused and started the probe.


I feel concerned pressing these bright red buttons. “SIXTH FLOOR?” Satan asks....
3/1/2020, 7:32:34 AM
Favs: 7
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
I feel concerned pressing these bright red buttons. “SIXTH FLOOR?” Satan asks....
3/1/2020, 7:32:34 AM
Favs: 7
Retweets: 0
link


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{% extends 'base.html'%} {% block content %}
{{user.bio}}
{{user.username| capitalize}} has no bio
{{pitch.pitch_post}} category : {{pitch.pitch_category}}
{{pitch.pitch_post}}
category : {{pitch.pitch_category}}
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Challenge 5
-
Write a function
everyXsecsForYsecs
that will accept three arguments: a function,
an interval time in seconds, and a total time in seconds.
-
everyXsecsForYsecs
should invoke the given function every X times 1000 milliseconds,
but then stop invoking the function after Y times 1000 milliseconds.
-
Write function
sayHowdy
that will log "Howdy"
to the console.
-
Then test your
everyXsecsForYsecs
function by using it to invoke sayHowdy
every 1 second for 5 seconds.
-
Now, modify your everyXsecsForYsecs function so it does not use
setInterval
, but still keeps the same functionality.


Sample Manager
  Manager
- EMPLOYEE ID:  54
- EMAIL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- OFFICE NUMBER:  5
Cailin Bell Wold
  Engineer
- EMPLOYEE ID:  54
- EMAIL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- GITHUB USERNAME:  CailinBellWold
Sample Engineer
  Engineer
- EMPLOYEE ID:  54
- EMAIL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- GITHUB USERNAME:  Sample


JsViews: Next-generation jQuery Templates
JsViews are Interactive data-driven views, built on top of JsRender templates
JsRender templates are optimized for high-performance pure string-based rendering, without DOM or jQuery dependency
Perf tests
Perf comparison. (Wait... will not render immediately)
Source code:
https://github.com/BorisMoore/jsviews


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| C++Class-class {Rcpp} | R Documentation |
Information about an internal c++ class.
Objects are usually extracted from a Module using the dollar extractor.
.Data
:mangled name of the class
pointer
:external pointer to the internal infomation
module
:external pointer to the module
fields
:list of C++Field objects
constructors
:list of C++Constructor objects
methods
:list of C++OverloadedMethods objects
the generator object for the class
description of the class
unmangled typeid of the class
enums of the class
names of the parent classes of this class
signature(object = "C++Class")
: prints the class.
signature(object = "C++Class")
: ...


The open studio provides students with community and discussion around the production and submission of media. It is a tool for submitting assignments, managing workloads and discovering what classmates are up to. It provides an engine for giving each other feedback and incentivizes critique and open discussions.
A project helps group assignments together in a logical way. This could be something like "Open design project" or "Unit 1". It's up to you. It just helps group things for students and teachers mentally. It's also displayed in the project management area as the grouping card on the kanban board.
The details of what someone should submit to complete a requirement
The evidence that a student has submitted in trying to complete an assignment.
Students can comment on each other's work openly in order to learn from one another.


Tech News - Week 44
28 Oct 2016
- Debunking 3 common MYTHS around vCloud Director -
Link
- NSX Bytes: Important Bug in 6.2.4 to be aware of -
Link
- vCloud Availability PowerCLI Monitoring Cmdlets -
Link
- vSphere visibility for Storage Team -
Link
- How to run a Docker Container on the vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) 6.5? -
Link
- 5 ways to a run PowerCLI script using the PowerCLI Docker Container -
Link
- Introducing VMware Tools 10.1 and 10.0.12 -
Link
- How to deploy the vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) 6.5 running on Fusion & Workstation? -
Link
- Virtual NVMe and Nested ESXi 6.5? -
Link
Misc
- The Myth of the Root Cause: How Complex Web Systems Fail -
Link
- Giving Your Product A Soul -
Link
- Running containers without Docker -
Link
- Bending the Dynamic vs Static Language Tradeoff -
Link
- Changelog.com is Open Source -
Link
- Managing AWS Infrastructure with Ansible -
Link
- Designing a modern multi-tenant DC network -
Link
- Cisco Application Centric - Infrastructure Design Guide Release 2.0 (ACI) -
Link
- DTrace for Linux 2016 -
Link
- Linux Performance -
Link
- Seven (More) Deadly Sins of Microservices -
Link
- OpenShift Application Platform -
Link
- Open Broadcaster Software - Stream your desktop -
Link
- Introducing Microsoft Surface Studio -
Link
- Life after Google -
Link
- Solarized color settings for Windows command prompt -
Link
- AWS Data Transfer Costs Pictured! -
Link
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Colorpicker plugin for Twitter Bootstrap
Originally written by Stefan Petre
Read the documentation here
Contributors
Please, before perform a Pull Request:
- Check that the index.html demos aren’t broken (modify if necessary)
- Test your code in all modern browsers (and at least IE >= 9)
Thank you


The Guidance and Admission Unit of Gordon College is based on philosophical and psychological assumptions, which believe that individuals are positive, forward-moving, basically good, rational, socialized, realistic, cooperative, constructive, and trustworthy. They are ultimately self-actualizing. They know what is best for themselves under normal or ideal conditions. However, when problem and difficulty arise, the individual is lead to believe that he is unworthy which often leads to actions that may harm themselves and others. In this case, the individual must be helped to become a full functioning person with optimal psychological adjustment and maturity. In other words, Gordon College students must be helped to move towards self-actualization or experience full humanness in thorough enjoyment of life in all its aspects.
The Guidance and Admission Unit shares and supports the vision-mission of Gordon College committed to the holistic development of students and society. The Office envisions its program to be an effective instrument in assisting students to realize their full potential and to become effective members of the society.
The Guidance and Admission Unit provides assistance and service to students’ developmental needs and help them become dynamic, competitive individuals imbued with values and guide them to be secured, forward-moving, rational, self-directed, and fully functioning member of the society.
The Guidance and Admission Unit offers a set of services utilizing integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning individual primarily by helping them utilize their potentials to the fullest. The function of the Guidance and Admission Unit is aimed at:
Specifically the Guidance and Admission Unit aims to: