perl5100delta - what is new for perl 5.10.0
This document describes the differences between the 5.8.8 release and the 5.10.0
release.
Many of the bug fixes in 5.10.0 were already seen in the 5.8.X
maintenance releases; they are not duplicated here and are documented in the
set of man pages named perl58[1-8]?delta.
The "feature" pragma is used to enable new
syntax that would break Perl's backwards-compatibility with older releases of
the language. It's a lexical pragma, like
"strict" or
"warnings".
Currently the following new features are available:
"switch" (adds a switch statement),
"say" (adds a
"say" built-in function), and
"state" (adds a
"state" keyword for declaring
"static" variables). Those features are described in their own
sections of this document.
The "feature" pragma is also
implicitly loaded when you require a minimal perl version (with the
"use VERSION" construct) greater than, or
equal to, 5.9.5. See feature for details.
-E is equivalent to -e, but it implicitly enables all optional
features (like "use feature
":5.10"").
A new operator "//" (defined-or) has been
implemented. The following expression:
$a // $b
is merely equivalent to
defined $a ? $a : $b
and the statement
$c //= $d;
can now be used instead of
$c = $d unless defined $c;
The "//" operator has the same
precedence and associativity as "||".
Special care has been taken to ensure that this operator Do What You Mean
while not breaking old code, but some edge cases involving the empty regular
expression may now parse differently. See perlop for details.
Perl 5 now has a switch statement. It's available when
"use feature
'switch'" is in effect. This feature introduces
three new keywords, "given",
"when", and
"default":
given ($foo) {
when (/^abc/) { $abc = 1; }
when (/^def/) { $def = 1; }
when (/^xyz/) { $xyz = 1; }
default { $nothing = 1; }
}
A more complete description of how Perl matches the switch
variable against the "when" conditions is
given in "Switch statements" in perlsyn.
This kind of match is called smart match, and it's also
possible to use it outside of switch statements, via the new
"~~" operator. See "Smart matching in
detail" in perlsyn.
This feature was contributed by Robin Houston.
- Recursive Patterns
- It is now possible to write recursive patterns without using the
"(??{})" construct. This new way is more
efficient, and in many cases easier to read.
Each capturing parenthesis can now be treated as an
independent pattern that can be entered by using the
"(?PARNO)" syntax
("PARNO" standing for
"parenthesis number"). For example, the following pattern will
match nested balanced angle brackets:
/
^ # start of line
( # start capture buffer 1
< # match an opening angle bracket
(?: # match one of:
(?> # don't backtrack over the inside of this group
[^<>]+ # one or more non angle brackets
) # end non backtracking group
| # ... or ...
(?1) # recurse to bracket 1 and try it again
)* # 0 or more times.
> # match a closing angle bracket
) # end capture buffer one
$ # end of line
/x
PCRE users should note that Perl's recursive regex feature
allows backtracking into a recursed pattern, whereas in PCRE the
recursion is atomic or "possessive" in nature. As in the
example above, you can add (?>) to control this selectively. (Yves
Orton)
- Named Capture Buffers
- It is now possible to name capturing parenthesis in a pattern and refer to
the captured contents by name. The naming syntax is
"(?<NAME>....)". It's possible to
backreference to a named buffer with the
"\k<NAME>" syntax. In code, the
new magical hashes "%+" and
"%-" can be used to access the contents
of the capture buffers.
Thus, to replace all doubled chars with a single copy, one
could write
s/(?<letter>.)\k<letter>/$+{letter}/g
Only buffers with defined contents will be "visible"
in the "%+" hash, so it's possible to
do something like
foreach my $name (keys %+) {
print "content of buffer '$name' is $+{$name}\n";
}
The "%-" hash is a bit more
complete, since it will contain array refs holding values from all
capture buffers similarly named, if there should be many of them.
"%+" and
"%-" are implemented as tied hashes
through the new module
"Tie::Hash::NamedCapture".
Users exposed to the .NET regex engine will find that the perl
implementation differs in that the numerical ordering of the buffers is
sequential, and not "unnamed first, then named". Thus in the
pattern
/(A)(?<B>B)(C)(?<D>D)/
$1 will be 'A',
$2 will be 'B', $3 will
be 'C' and $4 will be 'D' and not
$1 is 'A', $2 is 'C' and
$3 is 'B' and $4 is 'D'
that a .NET programmer would expect. This is considered a feature. :-)
(Yves Orton)
- Possessive Quantifiers
- Perl now supports the "possessive quantifier" syntax of the
"atomic match" pattern. Basically a possessive quantifier
matches as much as it can and never gives any back. Thus it can be used to
control backtracking. The syntax is similar to non-greedy matching, except
instead of using a '?' as the modifier the '+' is used. Thus
"?+",
"*+",
"++",
"{min,max}+" are now legal quantifiers.
(Yves Orton)
- Backtracking control verbs
- The regex engine now supports a number of special-purpose backtrack
control verbs: (*THEN), (*PRUNE), (*MARK), (*SKIP), (*COMMIT), (*FAIL) and
(*ACCEPT). See perlre for their descriptions. (Yves Orton)
- Relative backreferences
- A new syntax "\g{N}" or
"\gN" where "N" is a decimal
integer allows a safer form of back-reference notation as well as allowing
relative backreferences. This should make it easier to generate and embed
patterns that contain backreferences. See "Capture buffers" in
perlre. (Yves Orton)
- "\K" escape
- The functionality of Jeff Pinyan's module Regexp::Keep has been added to
the core. In regular expressions you can now use the special escape
"\K" as a way to do something like
floating length positive lookbehind. It is also useful in substitutions
like:
s/(foo)bar/$1/g
that can now be converted to
s/foo\Kbar//g
which is much more efficient. (Yves Orton)
- Vertical and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
- Regular expressions now recognize the
"\v" and
"\h" escapes that match vertical and
horizontal whitespace, respectively.
"\V" and
"\H" logically match their complements.
"\R" matches a generic
linebreak, that is, vertical whitespace, plus the multi-character
sequence "\x0D\x0A".
- Optional pre-match and post-match captures with the /p flag
- There is a new flag "/p" for regular
expressions. Using this makes the engine preserve a copy of the part of
the matched string before the matching substring to the new special
variable "${^PREMATCH}", the part after
the matching substring to
"${^POSTMATCH}", and the matched
substring itself to "${^MATCH}".
Perl is still able to store these substrings to the special
variables "$`",
"$'", $&,
but using these variables anywhere in the program adds a penalty to all
regular expression matches, whereas if you use the
"/p" flag and the new special
variables instead, you pay only for the regular expressions where the
flag is used.
For more detail on the new variables, see perlvar; for the use
of the regular expression flag, see perlop and perlre.
say() is a new built-in, only available when "use
feature 'say'" is in effect, that is similar to print(),
but that implicitly appends a newline to the printed string. See
"say" in perlfunc. (Robin Houston)
The default variable $_ can now be lexicalized, by
declaring it like any other lexical variable, with a simple
my $_;
The operations that default on $_ will use
the lexically-scoped version of $_ when it exists,
instead of the global $_.
In a "map" or a
"grep" block, if
$_ was previously my'ed, then the
$_ inside the block is lexical as well (and scoped
to the block).
In a scope where $_ has been lexicalized,
you can still have access to the global version of
$_ by using $::_, or, more
simply, by overriding the lexical declaration with
"our $_". (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
A new prototype character has been added. "_"
is equivalent to "$" but defaults to
$_ if the corresponding argument isn't supplied (both
"$" and
"_" denote a scalar). Due to the optional
nature of the argument, you can only use it at the end of a prototype, or
before a semicolon.
This has a small incompatible consequence: the prototype()
function has been adjusted to return "_"
for some built-ins in appropriate cases (for example,
"prototype('CORE::rmdir')"). (Rafael
Garcia-Suarez)
"UNITCHECK", a new special code block has been
introduced, in addition to "BEGIN",
"CHECK",
"INIT" and
"END".
"CHECK" and
"INIT" blocks, while useful for some
specialized purposes, are always executed at the transition between the
compilation and the execution of the main program, and thus are useless
whenever code is loaded at runtime. On the other hand,
"UNITCHECK" blocks are executed just after
the unit which defined them has been compiled. See perlmod for more
information. (Alex Gough)
A new pragma, "mro" (for Method Resolution
Order) has been added. It permits to switch, on a per-class basis, the
algorithm that perl uses to find inherited methods in case of a multiple
inheritance hierarchy. The default MRO hasn't changed (DFS, for Depth First
Search). Another MRO is available: the C3 algorithm. See mro for more
information. (Brandon Black)
Note that, due to changes in the implementation of class hierarchy
search, code that used to undef the *ISA glob will
most probably break. Anyway, undef'ing *ISA had the
side-effect of removing the magic on the @ISA array
and should not have been done in the first place. Also, the cache
*::ISA::CACHE:: no longer exists; to force reset the
@ISA cache, you now need to use the
"mro" API, or more simply to assign to
@ISA (e.g. with "@ISA =
@ISA").
The readdir() function may return a "short filename" when the
long filename contains characters outside the ANSI codepage. Similarly
Cwd::cwd() may return a short directory name, and glob() may
return short names as well. On the NTFS file system these short names can
always be represented in the ANSI codepage. This will not be true for all
other file system drivers; e.g. the FAT filesystem stores short filenames in
the OEM codepage, so some files on FAT volumes remain unaccessible through the
ANSI APIs.
Similarly, $^X, @INC, and
$ENV{PATH} are preprocessed at startup to make sure
all paths are valid in the ANSI codepage (if possible).
The Win32::GetLongPathName() function now returns the UTF-8
encoded correct long file name instead of using replacement characters to
force the name into the ANSI codepage. The new
Win32::GetANSIPathName() function can be used to turn a long pathname
into a short one only if the long one cannot be represented in the ANSI
codepage.
Many other functions in the
"Win32" module have been improved to
accept UTF-8 encoded arguments. Please see Win32 for details.
The built-in function readpipe() is now overridable. Overriding it
permits also to override its operator counterpart,
"qx//" (a.k.a.
"``"). Moreover, it now defaults to
$_ if no argument is provided. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
readline() now defaults to *ARGV if no argument
is provided. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
A new class of variables has been introduced. State variables are similar to
"my" variables, but are declared with the
"state" keyword in place of
"my". They're visible only in their lexical
scope, but their value is persistent: unlike
"my" variables, they're not undefined at
scope entry, but retain their previous value. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez, Nicholas
Clark)
To use state variables, one needs to enable them by using
use feature 'state';
or by using the "-E"
command-line switch in one-liners. See "Persistent Private
Variables" in perlsub.
As a new form of syntactic sugar, it's now possible to stack up filetest
operators. You can now write "-f -w -x
$file" in a row to mean "-x $file &&
-w _ && -f _". See "-X" in perlfunc.
The "UNIVERSAL" class has a new method,
"DOES()". It has been added to solve
semantic problems with the "isa()" method.
"isa()" checks for inheritance, while
"DOES()" has been designed to be overridden
when module authors use other types of relations between classes (in addition
to inheritance). (chromatic)
See "$obj->DOES( ROLE )" in UNIVERSAL.
Formats were improved in several ways. A new field,
"^*", can be used for variable-width,
one-line-at-a-time text. Null characters are now handled correctly in picture
lines. Using "@#" and
"~~" together will now produce a
compile-time error, as those format fields are incompatible. perlform has been
improved, and miscellaneous bugs fixed.
There are two new byte-order modifiers, ">"
(big-endian) and "<" (little-endian),
that can be appended to most pack() and unpack() template
characters and groups to force a certain byte-order for that type or group.
See "pack" in perlfunc and perlpacktut for details.
You can now use "no" followed by a version
number to specify that you want to use a version of perl older than the
specified one.
"chdir",
"chmod" and
"chown" can now work on filehandles as well
as filenames, if the system supports respectively
"fchdir",
"fchmod" and
"fchown", thanks to a patch provided by
Gisle Aas.
$( and $) now return groups in
the order where the OS returns them, thanks to Gisle Aas. This wasn't
previously the case.
You can now use recursive subroutines with sort(), thanks to Robin
Houston.
The constant folding routine is now wrapped in an exception handler, and if
folding throws an exception (such as attempting to evaluate 0/0), perl now
retains the current optree, rather than aborting the whole program. Without
this change, programs would not compile if they had expressions that happened
to generate exceptions, even though those expressions were in code that could
never be reached at runtime. (Nicholas Clark, Dave Mitchell)
It's possible to enhance the mechanism of subroutine hooks in
@INC by adding a source filter on top of the
filehandle opened and returned by the hook. This feature was planned a long
time ago, but wasn't quite working until now. See "require" in
perlfunc for details. (Nicholas Clark)
- "${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}"
- This variable controls what debug flags are in effect for the regular
expression engine when running under "use re
"debug"". See re for details.
- "${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}"
- This variable gives the native status returned by the last pipe close,
backtick command, successful call to wait() or waitpid(), or
from the system() operator. See perlvar for details. (Contributed
by Gisle Aas.)
- "${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}"
- See "Trie optimisation of literal string alternations".
- "${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}"
- See "Sloppy stat on Windows".
"unpack()" now defaults to unpacking the
$_ variable.
"mkdir()" without arguments now
defaults to $_.
The internal dump output has been improved, so that non-printable
characters such as newline and backspace are output in
"\x" notation, rather than octal.
The -C option can no longer be used on the
"#!" line. It wasn't working there anyway,
since the standard streams are already set up at this point in the execution
of the perl interpreter. You can use binmode() instead to get the
desired behaviour.
The copy of the Unicode Character Database included in Perl 5 has been updated
to version 5.0.0.
MAD, which stands for Miscellaneous Attribute Decoration, is a
still-in-development work leading to a Perl 5 to Perl 6 converter. To enable
it, it's necessary to pass the argument
"-Dmad" to Configure. The obtained perl
isn't binary compatible with a regular perl 5.10, and has space and speed
penalties; moreover not all regression tests still pass with it. (Larry Wall,
Nicholas Clark)
On Windows platforms, "kill(-9, $pid)" now
kills a process tree. (On Unix, this delivers the signal to all processes in
the same process group.)
The semantics of pack() and unpack() regarding UTF-8-encoded data
has been changed. Processing is now by default character per character instead
of byte per byte on the underlying encoding. Notably, code that used things
like "pack("a*", $string)" to see
through the encoding of string will now simply get back the original
$string. Packed strings can also get upgraded during
processing when you store upgraded characters. You can get the old behaviour
by using "use bytes".
To be consistent with pack(), the
"C0" in unpack() templates
indicates that the data is to be processed in character mode, i.e. character
by character; on the contrary, "U0" in
unpack() indicates UTF-8 mode, where the packed string is processed
in its UTF-8-encoded Unicode form on a byte by byte basis. This is reversed
with regard to perl 5.8.X, but now consistent between pack() and
unpack().
Moreover, "C0" and
"U0" can also be used in pack()
templates to specify respectively character and byte modes.
"C0" and
"U0" in the middle of a pack or unpack
format now switch to the specified encoding mode, honoring parens grouping.
Previously, parens were ignored.
Also, there is a new pack() character format,
"W", which is intended to replace the old
"C". "C"
is kept for unsigned chars coded as bytes in the strings internal
representation. "W" represents unsigned
(logical) character values, which can be greater than 255. It is therefore
more robust when dealing with potentially UTF-8-encoded data (as
"C" will wrap values outside the range
0..255, and not respect the string encoding).
In practice, that means that pack formats are now
encoding-neutral, except "C".
For consistency, "A" in
unpack() format now trims all Unicode whitespace from the end of the
string. Before perl 5.9.2, it used to strip only the classical ASCII space
characters.
A new unpack() template character, ".",
returns the number of bytes or characters (depending on the selected encoding
mode, see above) read so far.
$*, which was deprecated in favor of the
"/s" and
"/m" regexp modifiers, has been removed.
The deprecated $# variable (output format
for numbers) has been removed.
Two new severe warnings, "$#/$* is no longer
supported", have been added.
The lvalues returned by the three argument form of substr() used to be a
"fixed length window" on the original string. In some cases this
could cause surprising action at distance or other undefined behaviour. Now
the length of the window adjusts itself to the length of the string assigned
to it.
The identifier "_" is now forced to be a
bareword after a filetest operator. This solves a number of misparsing issues
when a global "_" subroutine is defined.
The ":unique" attribute has been made a no-op,
since its current implementation was fundamentally flawed and not threadsafe.
The compile-time value of the "%^H" hint
variable can now propagate into eval("")uated code. This makes it
more useful to implement lexical pragmas.
As a side-effect of this, the overloaded-ness of constants now
propagates into eval("").
A bareword argument to chdir() is now recognized as a file handle.
Earlier releases interpreted the bareword as a directory name. (Gisle Aas)
An old feature of perl was that before
"require" or
"use" look for a file with a .pm
extension, they will first look for a similar filename with a .pmc
extension. If this file is found, it will be loaded in place of any
potentially existing file ending in a .pm extension.
Previously, .pmc files were loaded only if more recent than
the matching .pm file. Starting with 5.9.4, they'll be always loaded
if they exist.
$^V can still be used with the %vd format in printf, but
any character-level operations will now access the string representation of
the "version" object and not the ordinals of
a v-string. Expressions like "substr($^V, 0,
2)" or "split //, $^V" no longer
work and must be rewritten.
The special arrays "@-" and
"@+" are no longer interpolated in regular
expressions. (Sadahiro Tomoyuki)
If you call a subroutine by a tainted name, and if it defers to an AUTOLOAD
function, then $AUTOLOAD will be (correctly) tainted.
(Rick Delaney)
When perl is run under taint mode, "printf()"
and "sprintf()" will now reject any tainted
format argument. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
Undefining or deleting a signal handler via "undef
$SIG{FOO}" is now equivalent to setting it to
'DEFAULT'. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
"use strict 'refs'" was ignoring taking a hard
reference in an argument to defined(), as in :
use strict 'refs';
my $x = 'foo';
if (defined $$x) {...}
This now correctly produces the run-time error
"Can't use string as a SCALAR
ref while "strict refs" in use".
"defined @$foo" and
"defined %$bar" are now also subject to
"strict 'refs'"
(that is, $foo and $bar
shall be proper references there.)
("defined(@foo)" and
"defined(%bar)" are discouraged constructs
anyway.) (Nicholas Clark)
The regular expression construct "(?p{})",
which was deprecated in perl 5.8, has been removed. Use
"(??{})" instead. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
Support for pseudo-hashes has been removed from Perl 5.9. (The
"fields" pragma remains here, but uses an
alternate implementation.)
"perlcc", the byteloader and the supporting
modules (B::C, B::CC, B::Bytecode, etc.) are no longer distributed with the
perl sources. Those experimental tools have never worked reliably, and, due to
the lack of volunteers to keep them in line with the perl interpreter
developments, it was decided to remove them instead of shipping a broken
version of those. The last version of those modules can be found with perl
5.9.4.
However the B compiler framework stays supported in the perl core,
as with the more useful modules it has permitted (among others, B::Deparse
and B::Concise).
The JPL (Java-Perl Lingo) has been removed from the perl sources tarball.
Perl will now immediately throw an exception if you modify any package's
@ISA in such a way that it would cause recursive
inheritance.
Previously, the exception would not occur until Perl attempted to
make use of the recursive inheritance while resolving a method or doing a
"$foo->isa($bar)" lookup.
The behaviour in 5.10.x favors the person using the module; The behaviour in
5.8.x favors the module writer;
Assume the following code:
main calls Foo::Bar::baz()
Foo::Bar inherits from Foo::Base
Foo::Bar::baz() calls Foo::Base::_bazbaz()
Foo::Base::_bazbaz() calls: warnings::warnif('substr', 'some warning
message');
On 5.8.x, the code warns when Foo::Bar contains
"use warnings;" It does not matter if
Foo::Base or main have warnings enabled to disable the warning one has to
modify Foo::Bar.
On 5.10.0 and newer, the code warns when main contains
"use warnings;" It does not matter if
Foo::Base or Foo::Bar have warnings enabled to disable the warning one has
to modify main.
Even more core modules are now also available separately through the CPAN. If
you wish to update one of these modules, you don't need to wait for a new perl
release. From within the cpan shell, running the 'r' command will report on
modules with upgrades available. See "perldoc
CPAN" for more information.
- "feature"
- The new pragma "feature" is used to
enable new features that might break old code. See "The
"feature" pragma" above.
- "mro"
- This new pragma enables to change the algorithm used to resolve inherited
methods. See "New Pragma,
"mro"" above.
- Scoping of the "sort" pragma
- The "sort" pragma is now lexically
scoped. Its effect used to be global.
- Scoping of "bignum", "bigint", "bigrat"
- The three numeric pragmas "bignum",
"bigint" and
"bigrat" are now lexically scoped.
(Tels)
- "base"
- The "base" pragma now warns if a class
tries to inherit from itself. (Curtis "Ovid" Poe)
- "strict" and "warnings"
- "strict" and
"warnings" will now complain loudly if
they are loaded via incorrect casing (as in "use
Strict;"). (Johan Vromans)
- "version"
- The "version" module provides support
for version objects.
- "warnings"
- The "warnings" pragma doesn't load
"Carp" anymore. That means that code
that used "Carp" routines without having
loaded it at compile time might need to be adjusted; typically, the
following (faulty) code won't work anymore, and will require parentheses
to be added after the function name:
use warnings;
require Carp;
Carp::confess 'argh';
- "less"
- "less" now does something useful (or at
least it tries to). In fact, it has been turned into a lexical pragma. So,
in your modules, you can now test whether your users have requested to use
less CPU, or less memory, less magic, or maybe even less fat. See less for
more. (Joshua ben Jore)
- "encoding::warnings", by Audrey Tang, is
a module to emit warnings whenever an ASCII character string containing
high-bit bytes is implicitly converted into UTF-8. It's a lexical pragma
since Perl 5.9.4; on older perls, its effect is global.
- "Module::CoreList", by Richard Clamp, is
a small handy module that tells you what versions of core modules ship
with any versions of Perl 5. It comes with a command-line frontend,
"corelist".
- "Math::BigInt::FastCalc" is an
XS-enabled, and thus faster, version of
"Math::BigInt::Calc".
- "Compress::Zlib" is an interface to the
zlib compression library. It comes with a bundled version of zlib, so
having a working zlib is not a prerequisite to install it. It's used by
"Archive::Tar" (see below).
- "IO::Zlib" is an
"IO::"-style interface to
"Compress::Zlib".
- "Archive::Tar" is a module to manipulate
"tar" archives.
- "Digest::SHA" is a module used to
calculate many types of SHA digests, has been included for SHA support in
the CPAN module.
- "ExtUtils::CBuilder" and
"ExtUtils::ParseXS" have been
added.
- "Hash::Util::FieldHash", by Anno Siegel,
has been added. This module provides support for field hashes:
hashes that maintain an association of a reference with a value, in a
thread-safe garbage-collected way. Such hashes are useful to implement
inside-out objects.
- "Module::Build", by Ken Williams, has
been added. It's an alternative to
"ExtUtils::MakeMaker" to build and
install perl modules.
- "Module::Load", by Jos Boumans, has been
added. It provides a single interface to load Perl modules and .pl
files.
- "Module::Loaded", by Jos Boumans, has
been added. It's used to mark modules as loaded or unloaded.
- "Package::Constants", by Jos Boumans,
has been added. It's a simple helper to list all constants declared in a
given package.
- "Win32API::File", by Tye McQueen, has
been added (for Windows builds). This module provides low-level access to
Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
- "Locale::Maketext::Simple", needed by
CPANPLUS, is a simple wrapper around
"Locale::Maketext::Lexicon". Note that
"Locale::Maketext::Lexicon" isn't
included in the perl core; the behaviour of
"Locale::Maketext::Simple" gracefully
degrades when the later isn't present.
- "Params::Check" implements a generic
input parsing/checking mechanism. It is used by CPANPLUS.
- "Term::UI" simplifies the task to ask
questions at a terminal prompt.
- "Object::Accessor" provides an interface
to create per-object accessors.
- "Module::Pluggable" is a simple
framework to create modules that accept pluggable sub-modules.
- "Module::Load::Conditional" provides
simple ways to query and possibly load installed modules.
- "Time::Piece" provides an object
oriented interface to time functions, overriding the built-ins
localtime() and gmtime().
- "IPC::Cmd" helps to find and run
external commands, possibly interactively.
- "File::Fetch" provide a simple generic
file fetching mechanism.
- "Log::Message" and
"Log::Message::Simple" are used by the
log facility of "CPANPLUS".
- "Archive::Extract" is a generic archive
extraction mechanism for .tar (plain, gzipped or bzipped) or
.zip files.
- "CPANPLUS" provides an API and a
command-line tool to access the CPAN mirrors.
- "Pod::Escapes" provides utilities that
are useful in decoding Pod E<...> sequences.
- "Pod::Simple" is now the backend for
several of the Pod-related modules included with Perl.
- "Attribute::Handlers"
- "Attribute::Handlers" can now report the
caller's file and line number. (David Feldman)
All interpreted attributes are now passed as array references.
(Damian Conway)
- "B::Lint"
- "B::Lint" is now based on
"Module::Pluggable", and so can be
extended with plugins. (Joshua ben Jore)
- "B"
- It's now possible to access the lexical pragma hints
("%^H") by using the method
B::COP::hints_hash(). It returns a
"B::RHE" object, which in turn can be
used to get a hash reference via the method B::RHE::HASH(). (Joshua
ben Jore)
- "Thread"
- As the old 5005thread threading model has been removed, in favor of the
ithreads scheme, the "Thread" module is
now a compatibility wrapper, to be used in old code only. It has been
removed from the default list of dynamic extensions.
- perl -d
- The Perl debugger can now save all debugger commands for sourcing later;
notably, it can now emulate stepping backwards, by restarting and
rerunning all bar the last command from a saved command history.
It can also display the parent inheritance tree of a given
class, with the "i" command.
- ptar
- "ptar" is a pure perl implementation of
"tar" that comes with
"Archive::Tar".
- ptardiff
- "ptardiff" is a small utility used to
generate a diff between the contents of a tar archive and a directory
tree. Like "ptar", it comes with
"Archive::Tar".
- shasum
- "shasum" is a command-line utility, used
to print or to check SHA digests. It comes with the new
"Digest::SHA" module.
- corelist
- The "corelist" utility is now installed
with perl (see "New modules" above).
- h2ph and h2xs
- "h2ph" and
"h2xs" have been made more robust with
regard to "modern" C code.
"h2xs" implements a new
option "--use-xsloader" to force use
of "XSLoader" even in backwards
compatible modules.
The handling of authors' names that had apostrophes has been
fixed.
Any enums with negative values are now skipped.
- perlivp
- "perlivp" no longer checks for
*.ph files by default. Use the new
"-a" option to run all
tests.
- find2perl
- "find2perl" now assumes
"-print" as a default action.
Previously, it needed to be specified explicitly.
Several bugs have been fixed in
"find2perl", regarding
"-exec" and
"-eval". Also the options
"-path",
"-ipath" and
"-iname" have been added.
- config_data
- "config_data" is a new utility that
comes with "Module::Build". It provides
a command-line interface to the configuration of Perl modules that use
Module::Build's framework of configurability (that is,
*::ConfigData modules that contain local
configuration information for their parent modules.)
- cpanp
- "cpanp", the CPANPLUS shell, has been
added. ("cpanp-run-perl", a helper for
CPANPLUS operation, has been added too, but isn't intended for direct
use).
- cpan2dist
- "cpan2dist" is a new utility that comes
with CPANPLUS. It's a tool to create distributions (or packages) from CPAN
modules.
- pod2html
- The output of "pod2html" has been
enhanced to be more customizable via CSS. Some formatting problems were
also corrected. (Jari Aalto)
The perlpragma manpage documents how to write one's own lexical pragmas in pure
Perl (something that is possible starting with 5.9.4).
The new perlglossary manpage is a glossary of terms used in the
Perl documentation, technical and otherwise, kindly provided by O'Reilly
Media, Inc.
The perlreguts manpage, courtesy of Yves Orton, describes
internals of the Perl regular expression engine.
The perlreapi manpage describes the interface to the perl
interpreter used to write pluggable regular expression engines (by AEvar
Arnfjoerd` Bjarmason).
The perlunitut manpage is a tutorial for programming with Unicode
and string encodings in Perl, courtesy of Juerd Waalboer.
A new manual page, perlunifaq (the Perl Unicode FAQ), has been
added (Juerd Waalboer).
The perlcommunity manpage gives a description of the Perl
community on the Internet and in real life. (Edgar "Trizor"
Bering)
The CORE manual page documents the
"CORE::" namespace. (Tels)
The long-existing feature of
"/(?{...})/" regexps setting
$_ and pos() is now documented.
Sorting arrays in place ("@a = sort @a") is
now optimized to avoid making a temporary copy of the array.
Likewise, "reverse sort ..." is
now optimized to sort in reverse, avoiding the generation of a temporary
intermediate list.
Access to elements of lexical arrays via a numeric constant between 0 and 255 is
now faster. (This used to be only the case for global arrays.)
Some pure-perl code that perl was using to retrieve Unicode properties and
transliteration mappings has been reimplemented in XS.
The interpreter internals now support a far more memory efficient form of
inlineable constants. Storing a reference to a constant value in a symbol
table is equivalent to a full typeglob referencing a constant subroutine, but
using about 400 bytes less memory. This proxy constant subroutine is
automatically upgraded to a real typeglob with subroutine if necessary. The
approach taken is analogous to the existing space optimisation for subroutine
stub declarations, which are stored as plain scalars in place of the full
typeglob.
Several of the core modules have been converted to use this
feature for their system dependent constants - as a result
"use POSIX;" now takes about 200K less
memory.
The new compilation flag
"PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV", introduced as an
option in perl 5.8.8, is turned on by default in perl 5.9.3. It prevents perl
from creating an empty scalar with every new typeglob. See perl589delta for
details.
Weak reference creation is now O(1) rather than O(n), courtesy of
Nicholas Clark. Weak reference deletion remains O(n), but if deletion
only happens at program exit, it may be skipped completely.
Salvador Fandin~o provided improvements to reduce the memory usage of
"sort" and to speed up some cases.
Several internal data structures (typeglobs, GVs, CVs, formats) have been
restructured to use less memory. (Nicholas Clark)
The UTF-8 caching code is now more efficient, and used more often. (Nicholas
Clark)
On Windows, perl's stat() function normally opens the file to determine
the link count and update attributes that may have been changed through hard
links. Setting ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT} to a true value speeds up stat()
by not performing this operation. (Jan Dubois)
- Engine de-recursivised
- The regular expression engine is no longer recursive, meaning that
patterns that used to overflow the stack will either die with useful
explanations, or run to completion, which, since they were able to blow
the stack before, will likely take a very long time to happen. If you were
experiencing the occasional stack overflow (or segfault) and upgrade to
discover that now perl apparently hangs instead, look for a degenerate
regex. (Dave Mitchell)
- Single char char-classes treated as literals
- Classes of a single character are now treated the same as if the character
had been used as a literal, meaning that code that uses char-classes as an
escaping mechanism will see a speedup. (Yves Orton)
- Trie optimisation of literal string alternations
- Alternations, where possible, are optimised into more efficient matching
structures. String literal alternations are merged into a trie and are
matched simultaneously. This means that instead of O(N) time for matching
N alternations at a given point, the new code performs in O(1) time. A new
special variable, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, has been added to fine-tune this
optimization. (Yves Orton)
Note: Much code exists that works around perl's
historic poor performance on alternations. Often the tricks used to do
so will disable the new optimisations. Hopefully the utility modules
used for this purpose will be educated about these new
optimisations.
- Aho-Corasick start-point optimisation
- When a pattern starts with a trie-able alternation and there aren't better
optimisations available, the regex engine will use Aho-Corasick matching
to find the start point. (Yves Orton)
- "-Dusesitecustomize"
- Run-time customization of @INC can be enabled by
passing the "-Dusesitecustomize" flag to
Configure. When enabled, this will make perl run
$sitelibexp/sitecustomize.pl before anything else.
This script can then be set up to add additional entries to
@INC.
- Relocatable installations
- There is now Configure support for creating a relocatable perl tree. If
you Configure with
"-Duserelocatableinc", then the paths in
@INC (and everything else in
%Config) can be optionally located via the path of
the perl executable.
That means that, if the string
".../" is found at the start of any
path, it's substituted with the directory of $^X. So, the relocation can
be configured on a per-directory basis, although the default with
"-Duserelocatableinc" is that
everything is relocated. The initial install is done to the original
configured prefix.
- strlcat() and strlcpy()
- The configuration process now detects whether strlcat() and
strlcpy() are available. When they are not available, perl's own
version is used (from Russ Allbery's public domain implementation).
Various places in the perl interpreter now use them. (Steve Peters)
- "d_pseudofork" and "d_printf_format_null"
- A new configuration variable, available as
$Config{d_pseudofork} in the Config module, has
been added, to distinguish real fork() support from fake pseudofork
used on Windows platforms.
A new configuration variable,
"d_printf_format_null", has been
added, to see if printf-like formats are allowed to be NULL.
- Configure help
- "Configure -h" has been extended with
the most commonly used options.
- Parallel build
- Parallel makes should work properly now, although there may still be
problems if "make test" is instructed to
run in parallel.
- Borland's compilers support
- Building with Borland's compilers on Win32 should work more smoothly. In
particular Steve Hay has worked to side step many warnings emitted by
their compilers and at least one C compiler internal error.
- Static build on Windows
- Perl extensions on Windows now can be statically built into the Perl DLL.
Also, it's now possible to build a
"perl-static.exe" that doesn't depend
on the Perl DLL on Win32. See the Win32 makefiles for details. (Vadim
Konovalov)
- ppport.h files
- All ppport.h files in the XS modules bundled with perl are now
autogenerated at build time. (Marcus Holland-Moritz)
- C++ compatibility
- Efforts have been made to make perl and the core XS modules compilable
with various C++ compilers (although the situation is not perfect with
some of the compilers on some of the platforms tested.)
- Support for Microsoft 64-bit compiler
- Support for building perl with Microsoft's 64-bit compiler has been
improved. (ActiveState)
- Visual C++
- Perl can now be compiled with Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 (and 2008 Beta
2).
- Win32 builds
- All win32 builds (MS-Win, WinCE) have been merged and cleaned up.
- Module auxiliary files
- README files and changelogs for CPAN modules bundled with perl are no
longer installed.
Perl has been reported to work on Symbian OS. See perlsymbian for more
information.
Many improvements have been made towards making Perl work
correctly on z/OS.
Perl has been reported to work on DragonFlyBSD and
MidnightBSD.
Perl has also been reported to work on NexentaOS (
http://www.gnusolaris.org/ ).
The VMS port has been improved. See perlvms.
Support for Cray XT4 Catamount/Qk has been added. See
hints/catamount.sh in the source code distribution for more
information.
Vendor patches have been merged for RedHat and Gentoo.
DynaLoader::dl_unload_file() now works on Windows.
- strictures in regexp-eval blocks
- "strict" wasn't in effect in regexp-eval
blocks ("/(?{...})/").
- Calling CORE::require()
- CORE::require() and CORE::do() were always parsed as
require() and do() when they were overridden. This is now
fixed.
- Subscripts of slices
- You can now use a non-arrowed form for chained subscripts after a list
slice, like in:
({foo => "bar"})[0]{foo}
This used to be a syntax error; a
"->" was required.
- "no warnings 'category'" works correctly with -w
- Previously when running with warnings enabled globally via
"-w", selective disabling of specific
warning categories would actually turn off all warnings. This is now
fixed; now "no warnings 'io';" will only
turn off warnings in the "io" class.
Previously it would erroneously turn off all warnings.
- threads improvements
- Several memory leaks in ithreads were closed. Also, ithreads were made
less memory-intensive.
"threads" is now a dual-life
module, also available on CPAN. It has been expanded in many ways. A
kill() method is available for thread signalling. One can get
thread status, or the list of running or joinable threads.
A new "threads->exit()"
method is used to exit from the application (this is the default for the
main thread) or from the current thread only (this is the default for
all other threads). On the other hand, the exit() built-in now
always causes the whole application to terminate. (Jerry D. Hedden)
- chr() and negative values
- chr() on a negative value now gives
"\x{FFFD}", the Unicode replacement
character, unless when the "bytes"
pragma is in effect, where the low eight bits of the value are used.
- PERL5SHELL and tainting
- On Windows, the PERL5SHELL environment variable is now checked for
taintedness. (Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
- Using *FILE{IO}
- "stat()" and
"-X" filetests now treat *FILE{IO}
filehandles like *FILE filehandles. (Steve Peters)
- Overloading and reblessing
- Overloading now works when references are reblessed into another class.
Internally, this has been implemented by moving the flag for
"overloading" from the reference to the referent, which
logically is where it should always have been. (Nicholas Clark)
- Overloading and UTF-8
- A few bugs related to UTF-8 handling with objects that have
stringification overloaded have been fixed. (Nicholas Clark)
- eval memory leaks fixed
- Traditionally, "eval 'syntax error'" has
leaked badly. Many (but not all) of these leaks have now been eliminated
or reduced. (Dave Mitchell)
- Random device on Windows
- In previous versions, perl would read the file /dev/urandom if it
existed when seeding its random number generator. That file is unlikely to
exist on Windows, and if it did would probably not contain appropriate
data, so perl no longer tries to read it on Windows. (Alex Davies)
- PERLIO_DEBUG
- The "PERLIO_DEBUG" environment variable
no longer has any effect for setuid scripts and for scripts run with
-T.
Moreover, with a thread-enabled perl, using
"PERLIO_DEBUG" could lead to an
internal buffer overflow. This has been fixed.
- PerlIO::scalar and read-only scalars
- PerlIO::scalar will now prevent writing to read-only scalars. Moreover,
seek() is now supported with PerlIO::scalar-based filehandles, the
underlying string being zero-filled as needed. (Rafael, Jarkko
Hietaniemi)
- study() and UTF-8
- study() never worked for UTF-8 strings, but could lead to false
results. It's now a no-op on UTF-8 data. (Yves Orton)
- Critical signals
- The signals SIGILL, SIGBUS and SIGSEGV are now always delivered in an
"unsafe" manner (contrary to other signals, that are deferred
until the perl interpreter reaches a reasonably stable state; see
"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in perlipc). (Rafael)
- @INC-hook fix
- When a module or a file is loaded through an
@INC-hook, and when this hook has set a filename
entry in %INC, __FILE__ is now set for this module
accordingly to the contents of that %INC entry.
(Rafael)
- "-t" switch fix
- The "-w" and
"-t" switches can now be used together
without messing up which categories of warnings are activated.
(Rafael)
- Duping UTF-8 filehandles
- Duping a filehandle which has the
":utf8" PerlIO layer set will now
properly carry that layer on the duped filehandle. (Rafael)
- Localisation of hash elements
- Localizing a hash element whose key was given as a variable didn't work
correctly if the variable was changed while the local() was in
effect (as in "local $h{$x}; ++$x"). (Bo
Lindbergh)
- Use of uninitialized value
- Perl will now try to tell you the name of the variable (if any) that was
undefined.
- Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
- A new deprecation warning, Deprecated use of my()
in false conditional, has been added, to warn against the use of the
dubious and deprecated construct
my $x if 0;
See perldiag. Use "state"
variables instead.
- !=~ should be !~
- A new warning, "!=~ should be !~", is
emitted to prevent this misspelling of the non-matching operator.
- Newline in left-justified string
- The warning Newline in left-justified string has been removed.
- Too late for "-T" option
- The error Too late for "-T" option has been reformulated
to be more descriptive.
- "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration
- This warning is now emitted in more consistent cases; in short, when one
of the declarations involved is a "my"
variable:
my $x; my $x; # warns
my $x; our $x; # warns
our $x; my $x; # warns
On the other hand, the following:
our $x; our $x;
now gives a ""our" variable %s
redeclared" warning.
- readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid
dirhandle
- These new warnings are now emitted when a dirhandle is used but is either
closed or not really a dirhandle.
- Opening dirhandle/filehandle %s also as a file/directory
- Two deprecation warnings have been added: (Rafael)
Opening dirhandle %s also as a file
Opening filehandle %s also as a directory
- Use of -P is deprecated
- Perl's command-line switch "-P" is now
deprecated.
- v-string in use/require is non-portable
- Perl will warn you against potential backwards compatibility problems with
the "use VERSION" syntax.
- perl -V
- "perl -V" has several improvements,
making it more useable from shell scripts to get the value of
configuration variables. See perlrun for details.
In general, the source code of perl has been refactored, tidied up, and
optimized in many places. Also, memory management and allocation has been
improved in several points.
When compiling the perl core with gcc, as many gcc warning flags
are turned on as is possible on the platform. (This quest for cleanliness
doesn't extend to XS code because we cannot guarantee the tidiness of code
we didn't write.) Similar strictness flags have been added or tightened for
various other C compilers.
The relative ordering of constants that define the various types of
"SV" have changed; in particular,
"SVt_PVGV" has been moved before
"SVt_PVLV",
"SVt_PVAV",
"SVt_PVHV" and
"SVt_PVCV". This is unlikely to make any
difference unless you have code that explicitly makes assumptions about that
ordering. (The inheritance hierarchy of
"B::*" objects has been changed to reflect
this.)
Related to this, the internal type "SVt_PVBM"
has been removed. This dedicated type of
"SV" was used by the
"index" operator and parts of the regexp
engine to facilitate fast Boyer-Moore matches. Its use internally has been
replaced by "SV"s of type
"SVt_PVGV".
A new type "SVt_BIND" has been added, in
readiness for the project to implement Perl 6 on 5. There deliberately is no
implementation yet, and they cannot yet be created or destroyed.
The C preprocessor symbols
"PERL_PM_APIVERSION" and
"PERL_XS_APIVERSION", which were supposed to
give the version number of the oldest perl binary-compatible (resp.
source-compatible) with the present one, were not used, and sometimes had
misleading values. They have been removed.
The "BASEOP" structure now uses less space.
The "op_seq" field has been removed and
replaced by a single bit bit-field "op_opt".
"op_type" is now 9 bits long. (Consequently,
the "B::OP" class doesn't provide an
"seq" method anymore.)
perl's parser is now generated by bison (it used to be generated by byacc.) As a
result, it seems to be a bit more robust.
Also, Dave Mitchell improved the lexer debugging output under
"-DT".
Andy Lester supplied many improvements to determine which function parameters
and local variables could actually be declared
"const" to the C compiler. Steve Peters
provided new *_set macros and reworked the core to use
these rather than assigning to macros in LVALUE context.
A new file, mathoms.c, has been added. It contains functions that are no
longer used in the perl core, but that remain available for binary or source
compatibility reasons. However, those functions will not be compiled in if you
add "-DNO_MATHOMS" in the compiler flags.
The "AvFLAGS" macro has been removed.
The "av_*()" functions, used to manipulate
arrays, no longer accept null "AV*"
parameters.
The implementation of the special variables $^H and %^H has changed, to allow
implementing lexical pragmas in pure Perl.
The inheritance hierarchy of "B::" modules has
changed; "B::NV" now inherits from
"B::SV" (it used to inherit from
"B::IV").
The anonymous hash and array constructors now take 1 op in the optree instead of
3, now that pp_anonhash and pp_anonlist return a reference to a hash/array
when the op is flagged with OPf_SPECIAL. (Nicholas Clark)
There's still a remaining problem in the implementation of the lexical
$_: it doesn't work inside
"/(?{...})/" blocks. (See the TODO test in
t/op/mydef.t.)
Stacked filetest operators won't work when the
"filetest" pragma is in effect, because
they rely on the stat() buffer "_"
being populated, and filetest bypasses stat().
The handling of Unicode still is unclean in several places, where it's dependent
on whether a string is internally flagged as UTF-8. This will be made more
consistent in perl 5.12, but that won't be possible without a certain amount
of backwards incompatibility.
When compiled with g++ and thread support on Linux, it's reported that the
$! stops working correctly. This is related to the
fact that the glibc provides two strerror_r(3) implementation, and perl
selects the wrong one.
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently
posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at
http://rt.perl.org/rt3/ . There may also be information at
http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the
perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug
down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the
output of "perl -V", will be sent off to
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
The Changes file and the perl590delta to perl595delta man pages for
exhaustive details on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright
information.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Scoping.20notation.html ---
Chapter 7 mentions how to implement list
. Instead of reusing the identifier list
, I used List
:
namespace hidden_72 universe u inductive List (α : Type u) | Nil {} : List | Cons : α → List → List open List notation `[` l : (foldr `,` (h t, Cons h t) Nil) `]` := l #check [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] -- [1,2,3,4,5] : List ℕ end hidden_72
In a later namespace, I was surprised to see that the [ ]
notation carried over:
namespace hidden_73 #check [10, 20, 30] -- [10,20,30] : hidden_72.List ℕ end hidden_73
Is there a way to limit the scope of the custom [ ]
notation on my List
to just namespace hidden_72
?
I.e. in any later separate namespace after hidden_72
, I'd like for the [ ]
notation to build a list
, not a List
.
Thanks!
You can look into localized notation in mathlib
You can look into localized notation in mathlib
Interesting! Thanks @Simon Hudon!
For anyone curious, the above example converted to use localized
looks as follows:
import tactic.localized namespace hidden_72 universe u inductive List (α : Type u) | Nil {} : List | Cons : α → List → List open List localized "notation `[` l : (foldr `,` (h t, Cons h t) Nil) `]` := l" in my.List #check [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] -- [1,2,3,4,5] : List ℕ end hidden_72 namespace hidden_73 #check [10, 20, 30] -- list ℕ end hidden_73
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


These checks relate to DLL Hijacking
Implicit Linking
Dependency Walker
Dumpbin
dumpbin.exe /dependents <executable_file>
Explicit Linking
Rattler (sensepost)
Process Monitor (sysinternals)
Metasploit: exploit/windows/local/ikeext_service
PowerSploit: - Find-PathDLLHijack
- Find-ProcessDLLHijack
Write-HijackDLL
DLL_Hijack_Detect (adamkramer)


▶ settings_howToUse
All specified paths are relative to your browser save folder.
If you leave "save path" field empty, it will save files straight to it.
if you leave "filename" field empty, files will be saved with default filenames.
File extension will be set automatically, please don't specify it explicitly.
Using placeholders from the list below you can save files from each domain
in their own folders, or with some specific filenames.
Feel free to request more.
List of available placeholders, must be surrounded with ::
::domain:: Domain name of the current site
::title:: Title of the current page
::board_code:: Board code if exists
::thread_number:: Thread number if exists
::datetime:: Current date and time
::date:: Current date
::time:: UNIX timestamp
::filename:: Default filename as assigned by browser
::original_filename:: Original filename, available on most popular imageboards
::both_filenames:: Same as empty field, filename depending on mouse button pressed
You can choose mouse button or keyboard hotkey or both for each template.
You can specify domain name if you want some hotkey/save template to work only on this specific site.
You can also exclude hotkey for specific site, so it will work everywhere except this specific site.
To do this add domain name starting with "-" symbol.
You can get domain name either from address bar, or you can open
Web Console (Ctrl+Shift+K) and write document.location.hostname, the result will be
domain name you should insert into "domain name" field.
Rules with "domain name" have higher priority than "-domain name" rules.
Rules without domain name specified have lowest priority.
Examples:
wikipedia.org : this hotkey will only work on wikipedia.org
-twitter.com : this hotkey will work everywhere except twitter.com


| get_model_temp {rWBclimate} | R Documentation |
Function wraps get_climate_data() and returns temperature by basin or country in degrees C as output from all 15 models, for the a1 and b2 scenarios.
get_model_temp(locator, type, start, end)
locator |
A vector of either watershed basin ID's from http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/climate_data_api_basins.pdf It can be just a single basin id, or a vector of ids. ids should be strings. |
type |
the type of data to retrieve, must be "mavg" for monthly averages, "annualavg" for annual averages, "manom" for monthly anomaly, and "annualanom" for annual anomaly. |
start |
the start year to gather data for. |
end |
the end year to gather data to. |
start and end year can be any years, but all years will be coerced into periods outlined by the API (http://data.worldbank.org/developers/climate -data-api) anomaly periods are only valid for future scenarios and based on a reference period of 1969 - 1999, see API for full details.
a dataframe with temperature predictions in degrees C for all scenarios, gcms, for each time period.
## Not run: # Get data for 2 basins, annual average temperature for all valid time periods # then subset them, and plot temp_dat <- get_model_temp(c("2","231"),"annualavg",1900,3000) temp_dat <- subset(temp_dat,temp_dat$gcm=="ukmo_hadcm3") temp_dat <- subset(temp_dat,temp_dat$scenario!="b1") ggplot(temp_dat,aes(x=fromYear,y=data,group=locator, colour=locator))+geom_path() ### Get data for 4 countries with monthly tempitation values temp_dat <- get_model_temp(c("USA","BRA","CAN","YEM"),"mavg",2020,2030) temp_dat <- subset(temp_dat,temp_dat$gcm=="ukmo_hadcm3") temp_dat <- subset(temp_dat,temp_dat$scenario!="b1") ggplot(temp_dat,aes(x=as.factor(month),y=data,group=locator, colour=locator))+geom_path() ## End(Not run)


Pushover allows you to receive push messages directly on your mobile or desktop.
Create an account, buy mobile app (around 5€) or install free desktop app and fill informations below.


Data Scientist, Entity Resolution and Data Linking - Alpharetta, GA 30005
The Data Scientist will perform complex algorithm development on large data sets to resolve disparate data into a single real world entity and develop relationship structures among entities. Typical solutions will use probabilistic matching, machine learning and graph theory to resolve entities, and very large scale structured and unstructured data sets.
Essential Job Functions
-
Analyzing, processing, evaluating and documenting large data sets
-
Identifying/developing appropriate analytical techniques to resolve entities and create relationships
-
Prototyping tools and techniques to solve complex data problems
-
Applying, modifying and inventing algorithms to solve challenging business problems
-
Validating entity resolution and linking capabilities
-
Conducting ROI and benefit analysis
-
Evaluating research for practical application
-
Documenting and presenting process and performance measurements
Skills
-
Advanced degree preferred in Machine Learning, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics, Statistics, Applied Math or other quantitative fields
-
Minimum 3+ years of working experience in analytics, data mining, data visualization, and/or predictive modeling
-
Strong business acumen
-
Demonstrated ability to execute projects from start to finish
-
Proven track record in modifying and applying advanced algorithms to address practical problems
-
Experience with graph and probabilistic technology a plus
-
Proven ability to work independently on development of complex models with extremely large and complex data structures
-
Proficient in at least one of SAS, SQL, Python, R
-
Knowledge and experience with statistical methods and hypothesis testing
-
Experience with Hadoop related technologies such as Map Reduce, Spark, Hive, etc.
Education
-
Bachelor’s Degree in related field
Experience
-
3+ years relevant experience
Location
#LI-CH1
Primary Location:
USA-Atlanta JV White
Function:
Function - Data and Analytics
Schedule:
Full time


Here is a list of the features requsted by clients (Create New Request)
| Title | Description | Client | Client Priority | Target Date | Product Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ featurerequest.Title }} | {{ featurerequest.Description }} | {{ client_mapping[featurerequest.ClientID] }} | {{ featurerequest.ClientPriority }} | {{ featurerequest.TargetDate[:10] }} | {{ featurerequest.ProductArea }} |


 This page serves as a standing "thank you" to all the organizations that have supported us through the years.
If you're interested in sponsoring Hack for the Sea, get in touch.
Part of what makes the North Shore and Cape Ann awesome is its rich legacy of community-based organization, many of which work directly in concert with Hack for the Sea to create and maintain technologies that benefit the ocean.


Plugin Development: Hosts
This page documents how to add new host OS implementations to Vagrant, allowing Vagrant to properly configure new host operating systems for features such as NFS shared folders. Prior to reading this, you should be familiar with the plugin development basics.
Warning: Advanced Topic! Developing plugins is an advanced topic that only experienced Vagrant users who are reasonably comfortable with Ruby should approach.
Definition Component
Within the context of a plugin definition, new hosts can be defined like so:
host "some_os" do
require_relative "host"
Host
end
Guests are defined with the host
method. The first argument is th name of the host. This name isn't actually used anywhere, but may in the future, so choose something helpful. Then, the block argument returns a class that implements the Vagrant.plugin(2, :host)
interface.
Implementation
Implementations of hosts subclass Vagrant.plugin(2, :host)
. Within this implementation, various methods for different tasks must be implemented. Instead of going over each task, the easiest example would be to take a look at an existing host implementation.
There are many host implementations, but you can view the BSD host implementation as a starting point.


This inspection check that the number of expressions on right-hand side and targets on left-hand side are the same.


I Have Deep Half Guard I Can Bananna Split Half Guard Lock Down Sweep Forwards Sweep Backwards
Opponent Can Half Guard
some notes about this technique
xx
xxx


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Episode 5.29 - Baez pulled a D.T. Cromer author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 8588 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=8588 date: '2013-09-15 22:44:10 +0000' date_gmt: '2013-09-16 03:44:10 +0000' categories: - Podcast tags: - Jeff Samardzija - Scott Baker - Anthony Rizzo - Rock Shoulders - Ryan Sweeney - D.T. Cromer comments: [] ---
Andy, Corey and Kurt begin wrapping up the 2013 Cubs season by looking at the performances that earned Javier Baez and Kyle Hendricks the organization's Minor League Player of the Year and Minor League Pitcher of the Year.
We look at Scott Baker and Ryan Sweeney, who have come back from injury and the Cubs are probably evaluating whether or not they'd like to bring them back for the 2014 season.
Starlin Castro is wrapping up his 4th MLB season and things are not looking good, either at the plate or in the field and Corey believes Castro is at a crossroads in his career.
We answer listener questions about Rock Shoulders, Jeff Samardzija and Anthony Rizzo.


Use ArcGIS Server map services in common web mapping APIs like Leaflet, OpenLayers and Google Maps.
Check out the GitHub repo for code and more documentation.
To get started paste a ArcGIS Server map service URL below and modify the URL parameters as necessary. Click "Update Tile Layer" to refresh the map.


Marketing automation is more than just setting up campaigns and landing pages to capture leads. It’s about operationalizing end-to-end marketing strategy into scalable, repeatable, and measurable programs that drive engagement and create revenue.
Are you looking for Certified salesforce.com professional?. Feel free to connect with us with your salesforce need.
Helps in creating reports and dashboard in PowerBI to provide indepth campaign analysis and how it has performed with sales team.
Working in the fortune 500 companies and creating Marketing and Sales automation system.
Started the agency to provide end to end Marketing Automation services..


To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video


{{ count | number }}
Number of hospitals
"How is it computed? 👉"
{{ count | number }} is the count of all records found in the dataset:
{{ ushospitals.dataset.metas.title }}{{ count | number }}
Number of hospitals
"How is it computed? 👉"
{{ count | number }} is the count of all records found in the dataset:
{{ ushospitals.dataset.metas.title }}


AP Interview: Evo Morales calls on United Nations, possibly Pope Francis, to mediate Bolivia's ...
by EndPlayMEXICO CITY - MEXICO CITY (AP) - AP Interview: Evo Morales calls on United Nations, possibly Pope Francis, to mediate Bolivia's political crisis.


Static Member Summary
| Static Public Members | ||
| public static get |
|
|
| public static get |
|
|
| public static get |
|
|
| public static get |
|
|
| public static set |
|
|
| public static get |
Model: * The related Node class or a function that returns a Node class |
|
| public static get |
|
|
| public static get |
direction: * The direction of the relationship, can be Relationship.IN or Relationship.OUT |
|
| public static set |
|
|
| public static get |
model: * Alias for Model |
|
| public static set |
|
|
| public static set |
|
|
| public static get |
singular: * If true a relationship will always have only a single related Node |
|
| public static set |
|
|
| public static get |
type: * The type of the relationship, will be used as the name of the relationship created in the graph |
Constructor Summary
| Public Constructor | ||
| public |
constructor(relation: object | neo4j.types.Relationship, graph: Graph) Creates an instance of Relationship |
Member Summary
| Public Members | ||
| public get |
$direction: * |
|
| public get |
Whether or not the Node has changed properties. |
|
| public |
$entity: * |
|
| public |
$graph: * |
|
| public get |
The neo4j entity ID. |
|
| public get |
Whether or not the node is already stored in the graph database. |
|
| public get |
$type: * |
|
| public get |
end: * |
|
| public set |
|
|
| public get |
start: * |
|
| public set |
|
Method Summary
| Public Methods | ||
| public |
async save(tx: any) Save the relationship |
|
| public |
setProperty(key: string, value: any) Set property value |
Static Public Members
public static set Model source
public static get direction: * source
The direction of the relationship, can be Relationship.IN or Relationship.OUT
public static set direction source
public static set model source
public static set singular source
public static get singular: * source
If true a relationship will always have only a single related Node
public static set type source
public static get type: * source
The type of the relationship, will be used as the name of the relationship created in the graph
Public Constructors
Public Members
public get $direction: * source
public $entity: * source
public $graph: * source
public get $id: number source
The neo4j entity ID. Note that this could change over time, use id instead.


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Draws a character by finding the correct letter within line data and applying a size, location and rotation (unit circle coordinates) to it before drawing a series of lines.
The unit circle coordinate data is only calculated when the rotation data is new or changed. This makes it faster.
Draws a string using the "drawAsciiChar" function.


Overall Status
| No | Registration No | Student Name | Quiz 1 | Quiz 2 | Quiz 3 | Quiz 4 | Overall Marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | D/CS/18/0001 | Raveen Fernando | 25% | 35% | 45% | 35% | |
| 02 | D/CS/18/0002 | Malith Ileperuma | 25% | 35% | 45% | 35% | |
| 03 | D/CS/18/0003 | Chanakya Bandara | 25% | 35% | 45% | 35% | |
| 04 | D/CS/18/0004 | Vidura Bandara | 25% | 35% | 45% | 35% | |
| 05 | D/CS/18/0005 | Charith Bimsara | 25% | 35% | 45% | 35% |


CUSTOMER REGISTERATION
customer name :
pass word :
<\tr>
gender :
male
female
address :
telephone no:
hobbies :
reading
writing
playing
traveling


NGETTEXT(1) GNU NGETTEXT(1) NAME ngettext - translate message and choose plural form SYNOPSIS ngettext [OPTION] [TEXTDOMAIN] MSGID MSGID-PLURAL COUNT DESCRIPTION The ngettext program translates a natural language message into the user's language, by looking up the translation in a message catalog, and chooses the appropriate plural form, which depends on the number COUNT and the language of the message catalog where the translation was found. Display native language translation of a textual message whose grammati‐ cal form depends on a number. -d, --domain=TEXTDOMAIN retrieve translated message from TEXTDOMAIN -e enable expansion of some escape sequences -E (ignored for compatibility) -h, --help display this help and exit -V, --version display version information and exit [TEXTDOMAIN] retrieve translated message from TEXTDOMAIN MSGID MSGID-PLURAL translate MSGID (singular) / MSGID-PLURAL (plural) COUNT choose singular/plural form based on this value If the TEXTDOMAIN parameter is not given, the domain is determined from the environment variable TEXTDOMAIN. If the message catalog is not found in the regular directory, another location can be specified with the environment variable TEXTDOMAINDIR. Standard search directory: /usr/share/locale AUTHOR Written by Ulrich Drepper. REPORTING BUGS Report bugs to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>COPYRIGHT Copyright © 1995-1997, 2000-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. SEE ALSO The full documentation for ngettext is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and ngettext programs are properly installed at your site, the command info ngettext should give you access to the complete manual. GNU gettext-runtime 0.18.1 June 2010 NGETTEXT(1)


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
NYC based, previous buyer in fashion turned coder.


When using a tsconfig.json file with the following settings:
{
"compilerOptions": {
"outFile": "app.js"
}
}
Publishing the solution fails with the following error:
Copying file foo.js to obj\Release\Package\PackageTmp\foo.js failed. Could not find file 'foo.js'.
Guess: The concat settings in the tsconfig.json file are ignored in the VS integration.
foo.ts:
fooBar.ts:


This intention converts selected qualified reference into simple reference and adds
static import
for corresponding class.


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I agree to the terms and conditions:


import numpy as np
import warnings
from scipy.stats import norm
[docs]def gaussian_acquisition_1D(X, model, y_opt=None, acq_func="LCB",
acq_func_kwargs=None, return_grad=True):
"""
A wrapper around the acquisition function that is called by fmin_l_bfgs_b.
This is because lbfgs allows only 1-D input.
"""
return _gaussian_acquisition(np.expand_dims(X, axis=0),
model, y_opt, acq_func=acq_func,
acq_func_kwargs=acq_func_kwargs,
return_grad=return_grad)
def _gaussian_acquisition(X, model, y_opt=None, acq_func="LCB",
return_grad=False, acq_func_kwargs=None):
"""
Wrapper so that the output of this function can be
directly passed to a minimizer.
"""
# Check inputs
X = np.asarray(X)
if X.ndim != 2:
raise ValueError("X is {}-dimensional, however,"
" it must be 2-dimensional.".format(X.ndim))
if acq_func_kwargs is None:
acq_func_kwargs = dict()
xi = acq_func_kwargs.get("xi", 0.01)
kappa = acq_func_kwargs.get("kappa", 1.96)
# Evaluate acquisition function
per_second = acq_func.endswith("ps")
if per_second:
model, time_model = model.estimators_
if acq_func == "LCB":
func_and_grad = gaussian_lcb(X, model, kappa, return_grad)
if return_grad:
acq_vals, acq_grad = func_and_grad
else:
acq_vals = func_and_grad
elif acq_func in ["EI", "PI", "EIps", "PIps"]:
if acq_func in ["EI", "EIps"]:
func_and_grad = gaussian_ei(X, model, y_opt, xi, return_grad)
else:
func_and_grad = gaussian_pi(X, model, y_opt, xi, return_grad)
if return_grad:
acq_vals = -func_and_grad[0]
acq_grad = -func_and_grad[1]
else:
acq_vals = -func_and_grad
if acq_func in ["EIps", "PIps"]:
if return_grad:
mu, std, mu_grad, std_grad = time_model.predict(
X, return_std=True, return_mean_grad=True,
return_std_grad=True)
else:
mu, std = time_model.predict(X, return_std=True)
# acq = acq / E(t)
inv_t = np.exp(-mu + 0.5*std**2)
acq_vals *= inv_t
# grad = d(acq_func) * inv_t + (acq_vals *d(inv_t))
# inv_t = exp(g)
# d(inv_t) = inv_t * grad(g)
# d(inv_t) = inv_t * (-mu_grad + std * std_grad)
if return_grad:
acq_grad *= inv_t
acq_grad += acq_vals * (-mu_grad + std*std_grad)
else:
raise ValueError("Acquisition function not implemented.")
if return_grad:
return acq_vals, acq_grad
return acq_vals
[docs]def gaussian_lcb(X, model, kappa=1.96, return_grad=False):
"""
Use the lower confidence bound to estimate the acquisition
values.
The trade-off between exploitation and exploration is left to
be controlled by the user through the parameter ``kappa``.
Parameters
----------
X : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Values where the acquisition function should be computed.
model : sklearn estimator that implements predict with ``return_std``
The fit estimator that approximates the function through the
method ``predict``.
It should have a ``return_std`` parameter that returns the standard
deviation.
kappa : float, default 1.96 or 'inf'
Controls how much of the variance in the predicted values should be
taken into account. If set to be very high, then we are favouring
exploration over exploitation and vice versa.
If set to 'inf', the acquisition function will only use the variance
which is useful in a pure exploration setting.
Useless if ``method`` is not set to "LCB".
return_grad : boolean, optional
Whether or not to return the grad. Implemented only for the case where
``X`` is a single sample.
Returns
-------
values : array-like, shape (X.shape[0],)
Acquisition function values computed at X.
grad : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Gradient at X.
"""
# Compute posterior.
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
if return_grad:
mu, std, mu_grad, std_grad = model.predict(
X, return_std=True, return_mean_grad=True,
return_std_grad=True)
if kappa == "inf":
return -std, -std_grad
return mu - kappa * std, mu_grad - kappa * std_grad
else:
mu, std = model.predict(X, return_std=True)
if kappa == "inf":
return -std
return mu - kappa * std
[docs]def gaussian_pi(X, model, y_opt=0.0, xi=0.01, return_grad=False):
"""
Use the probability of improvement to calculate the acquisition values.
The conditional probability `P(y=f(x) | x)` form a gaussian with a
certain mean and standard deviation approximated by the model.
The PI condition is derived by computing ``E[u(f(x))]``
where ``u(f(x)) = 1``, if ``f(x) < y_opt`` and ``u(f(x)) = 0``,
if``f(x) > y_opt``.
This means that the PI condition does not care about how "better" the
predictions are than the previous values, since it gives an equal reward
to all of them.
Note that the value returned by this function should be maximized to
obtain the ``X`` with maximum improvement.
Parameters
----------
X : array-like, shape=(n_samples, n_features)
Values where the acquisition function should be computed.
model : sklearn estimator that implements predict with ``return_std``
The fit estimator that approximates the function through the
method ``predict``.
It should have a ``return_std`` parameter that returns the standard
deviation.
y_opt : float, default 0
Previous minimum value which we would like to improve upon.
xi : float, default=0.01
Controls how much improvement one wants over the previous best
values. Useful only when ``method`` is set to "EI"
return_grad : boolean, optional
Whether or not to return the grad. Implemented only for the case where
``X`` is a single sample.
Returns
-------
values : [array-like, shape=(X.shape[0],)
Acquisition function values computed at X.
"""
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
if return_grad:
mu, std, mu_grad, std_grad = model.predict(
X, return_std=True, return_mean_grad=True,
return_std_grad=True)
else:
mu, std = model.predict(X, return_std=True)
# check dimensionality of mu, std so we can divide them below
if (mu.ndim != 1) or (std.ndim != 1):
raise ValueError("mu and std are {}-dimensional and {}-dimensional, "
"however both must be 1-dimensional. Did you train "
"your model with an (N, 1) vector instead of an "
"(N,) vector?"
.format(mu.ndim, std.ndim))
values = np.zeros_like(mu)
mask = std > 0
improve = y_opt - xi - mu[mask]
scaled = improve / std[mask]
values[mask] = norm.cdf(scaled)
if return_grad:
if not np.all(mask):
return values, np.zeros_like(std_grad)
# Substitute (y_opt - xi - mu) / sigma = t and apply chain rule.
# improve_grad is the gradient of t wrt x.
improve_grad = -mu_grad * std - std_grad * improve
improve_grad /= std**2
return values, improve_grad * norm.pdf(scaled)
return values
[docs]def gaussian_ei(X, model, y_opt=0.0, xi=0.01, return_grad=False):
"""
Use the expected improvement to calculate the acquisition values.
The conditional probability `P(y=f(x) | x)` form a gaussian with a certain
mean and standard deviation approximated by the model.
The EI condition is derived by computing ``E[u(f(x))]``
where ``u(f(x)) = 0``, if ``f(x) > y_opt`` and ``u(f(x)) = y_opt - f(x)``,
if``f(x) < y_opt``.
This solves one of the issues of the PI condition by giving a reward
proportional to the amount of improvement got.
Note that the value returned by this function should be maximized to
obtain the ``X`` with maximum improvement.
Parameters
----------
X : array-like, shape=(n_samples, n_features)
Values where the acquisition function should be computed.
model : sklearn estimator that implements predict with ``return_std``
The fit estimator that approximates the function through the
method ``predict``.
It should have a ``return_std`` parameter that returns the standard
deviation.
y_opt : float, default 0
Previous minimum value which we would like to improve upon.
xi : float, default=0.01
Controls how much improvement one wants over the previous best
values. Useful only when ``method`` is set to "EI"
return_grad : boolean, optional
Whether or not to return the grad. Implemented only for the case where
``X`` is a single sample.
Returns
-------
values : array-like, shape=(X.shape[0],)
Acquisition function values computed at X.
"""
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
if return_grad:
mu, std, mu_grad, std_grad = model.predict(
X, return_std=True, return_mean_grad=True,
return_std_grad=True)
else:
mu, std = model.predict(X, return_std=True)
# check dimensionality of mu, std so we can divide them below
if (mu.ndim != 1) or (std.ndim != 1):
raise ValueError("mu and std are {}-dimensional and {}-dimensional, "
"however both must be 1-dimensional. Did you train "
"your model with an (N, 1) vector instead of an "
"(N,) vector?"
.format(mu.ndim, std.ndim))
values = np.zeros_like(mu)
mask = std > 0
improve = y_opt - xi - mu[mask]
scaled = improve / std[mask]
cdf = norm.cdf(scaled)
pdf = norm.pdf(scaled)
exploit = improve * cdf
explore = std[mask] * pdf
values[mask] = exploit + explore
if return_grad:
if not np.all(mask):
return values, np.zeros_like(std_grad)
# Substitute (y_opt - xi - mu) / sigma = t and apply chain rule.
# improve_grad is the gradient of t wrt x.
improve_grad = -mu_grad * std - std_grad * improve
improve_grad /= std ** 2
cdf_grad = improve_grad * pdf
pdf_grad = -improve * cdf_grad
exploit_grad = -mu_grad * cdf - pdf_grad
explore_grad = std_grad * pdf + pdf_grad
grad = exploit_grad + explore_grad
return values, grad
return values


On 3 June 1990 the Arundel community voted to make a foundation in Kenya. In October 1991 three sisters travelled to the Poor Clare community in Mbarara, Uganda to experience African Poor Clare life and in March 1992 they moved to Kenya and the diocese of Bungoma to which they had been invited by the then Bishop, Longinus Atundo.
They were offered land near the village of Myanga by a local family who wished to donate it in memory of their parents. The sisters returned to UK for more consultations with the Arundel community and in October 1992, after a Mass of Missioning, they left for Kenya.
The sisters settled in Myanga and supervised the building of the Monastery and the first Mass was celebrated on 1 December 1992. The building was done in several stages and culminated in the construction of the chapel which was consecrated on 19 July 2001
The diocese of Bungoma is situated in Western Kenya and Myanga village is 26 km from Bungoma town and very near to the border with Uganda. Our monastery is on the edge of Myanga village surrounded by the houses and small plots of land of the local people.
The community are 10 in number at present. Three sisters from Arundel, three solemnly professed Kenyans and four novices.
We are in contact with many young Kenyan women who are beginning the process of discerning whether they are called to Poor Clare life and we pray daily for more young women to join us. Over the years many sisters from our parent community in Arundel have visited us.
Our contemplative life of prayer and praise is centred around the celebration of Mass, the Divine Office and daily adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. We pray for the needs of the Church, our diocese and the many people who come to us for help. We also spend a good part of the day working at simple tasks. Cooking, cleaning and growing food. We make church vestments, candles and rosaries.
We have a small guesthouse and welcome people for a time of quiet, rest or for private retreats.
Please contact us if you would like us to pray for you. Also for booking a place in the guesthouse or if you would like more information about our community and way of life.
Monastery of Poor Clares


STARSTRUCK PIZZA
WELCOME TO STARSTRUCK PIZZA!


Integer Inquiry
问题描述 :
One of the first users of BIT’s new supercomputer was Chip Diller. He extended his exploration of powers of 3 to go from 0 to 333 and he explored taking various sums of those numbers.
“This supercomputer is great,” remarked Chip. “I only wish Timothy were here to see these results.” (Chip moved to a new apartment, once one became available on the third floor of the Lemon Sky apartments on Third Street.)
“This supercomputer is great,” remarked Chip. “I only wish Timothy were here to see these results.” (Chip moved to a new apartment, once one became available on the third floor of the Lemon Sky apartments on Third Street.)
输入:
The input will consist of at most 100 lines of text, each of which contains a single VeryLongInteger. Each VeryLongInteger will be 100 or fewer characters in length, and will only contain digits (no VeryLongInteger will be negative).
The final input line will contain a single zero on a line by itself.
输出:
Your program should output the sum of the VeryLongIntegers given in the input.
This problem contains multiple test cases!
The first line of a multiple input is an integer N, then a blank line followed by N input blocks. Each input block is in the format indicated in the problem description. There is a blank line between input blocks.
The output format consists of N output blocks. There is a blank line between output blocks.
样例输入:
1<PHONE_NUMBER>12345678901234567890<PHONE_NUMBER>12345678901234567890<PHONE_NUMBER>12345678901234567890 0
样例输出:
370370367037037036703703703670
题目连接：http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1047
题目大意：给出测试组数，每组之间有空行，结束为“0”， 求每组给出的数字之和，输出每两组之间空行。
解题思路：处理一下空行就可以了，‘+’法套模板。
模板连接：http://blog.csdn.net/keshuai19940722/article/details/10087993
int main() { int cas; bign sum, num; char str[N]; cin >> cas; while (cas--) { sum = 0; getchar(); while (cin >> str ) { if (strcmp(str, "0") == 0) break; num = str; sum = sum + num; } sum.put(); cout << endl; if (cas) cout << endl; } return 0; }
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
其实就是DFS搜索，数据量较小，穷举了所有情况
A的话不是不能避免冲突么？感觉出题者在考察是否考虑了冲突解决办法？
顶一个 赞一个
A猴子认识的所有猴子和B猴子认识的所有猴子都能认识，这句话用《爱屋及乌》描述比较容易理解……
思路二可以用一个长度为k的队列来实现，入队后判断下队尾元素的next指针是否为空，若为空，则出队指针即为所求。
输入样例作为一个整体输入，带回车
C语言版本的代码好像有点问题
有两个重复的话结果是正确的，但解法不够严谨，后面重复的覆盖掉前面的，由于题目数据限制也比较严，所以能提交通过。已更新算法
第15行代码，/n/n，应该改为nn
不考虑最后将结果排序的话，快排的时间复杂度是O(N) ，而堆排的是O(N*logK)
为什么暴力求解方法循环到sqrt(n) 就可以了呢
使用ListNodeWrapper很蹩脚的感觉，没有更好的解决办法？
我表示楼主不要乱抄题，你写的另一个题吧，直接扒了代码没跑吧


--- layout: post title: Pics from RSA Conference 2009 at Moscone date: 2009-04-23 09:30:00.000000000 -07:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: - baracuda - Check Point - yubico meta: _publicize_pending: '1' author: login: phoneboy email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Dameon Welch first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
Yesterday, I took the train up to The City and walked around Moscone Center, where the RSA Conference was being held. I took a few pics of people from the Check Point booths, the Barracuda Babes, and Stina from Yubico.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load humanize %} {% block whole_title %}arXiv Vanity – Read academic papers from arXiv as web pages{% endblock %} {% block footer_class %}fixed{% endblock %} {% block content %}
arXiv Vanity renders academic papers from arXiv as responsive web pages so you don’t have to squint at a PDF.
For example, Generative Adversarial Networks: An Overview
To convert papers with one click, drag this bookmarklet to your bookmarks bar:


Use the below forms to print a Zebra Label or a PDF separately, and provide the name of the printer as seen by your Operating System.


I look back and I cannot help but think about how much I
learned while living at tep. Yes, I learned to cook and to
handle money and to fix things; but, at least for me, that
isn't what was important. There were the times when trying
to relate to 30 people felt overwhelming and pointless;
and there were the times the house was there for me when I
really needed it to be.
I learned how to trust a compatriate only because he knew what you
were going through. I learned how somebody you don't like can save
you. I learned how an awkward ‘I don't know what to say' or a fumbled
hug can make all the differance in the world. I learned how to talk to
people about things that I really thought I couldn't. I learned that
trying to reach out or trying to listen, even if you fail, can
honestly help. I learned that I can help those around me whom I love
when they need it. I learned that love isn't a sexual thing.
 I am a better person
for having gone through tep, and I notice the same differences in
trust and confidence every day across my colleagues who joined
fraternities and those who didn't.
quarter of two a.m.. two hours ago, pounding down the
street, will and rhett at my heels, the only thought to
get to the ice cream shoppe before it closes. wet ground,
the occasional car. boston still alive at that time of
night, but headed for bed shortly. on the stereo,
u2. “still haven't found what i'm looking for”. not
exactly true, is it? something special here. got cookies
and cream, size medium, and colyn insisted that we go to
the supermarket afterward, silly thing really, only we'd
go any damned place at that time of night, if you asked.
across the hall, bo doing that weird thing with his mouth
while he studies, some freshman class. he does the same
thing when he plays the bass, that chipmunk-cheeked
expression. like there's a smile about to burst out. we
all get together and play at cocoa sometimes: twenty-two
dollar budget for snacks, and a steaming cauldron of cocoa
(except the nights someone makes goddamn lemonade, but i
guess i shouldn't complain). invite everyone we know over,
and this strange assortment of people sort of spills all
over our living room. like someone upended a box of
weirdos. nice to see so many boys, girls, people from all
over the institute. usually a good audience, as well,
couldn't tell you why. guess it takes that spark to see
what's special about this place. just left-of-center,
where it belongs.
i miss edgar. not that we take the fraternity practice of
“big brother/little brother” that seriously, mind you: he
still owes me that dinner, because a box of mcnuggets
isn't going to cover it. i remember last year, the first
time i did rush from the other side of the line, how
difficult it was. one day just broke down in tears (lots
of reasons, i guess, but you know what 19-year-olds are
like). he walked by, and didn't say anything, just lay
down and hugged me. stayed that way for a while: you need
the release of it, sometimes, the tears. afterward we
laughed at it all, at how love is love, and little enough
to be sad about. was making straight a's in eight classes
when he left to join the army. wonder how he's doing?
something told me it was a little different here, even
that first meeting when i arrived at mit. i was ready for
water war, for kiddie pools of oobleck, for the hanging
couch, the foam room, the lemon pie performance art. i
wasn't ready for seppo crying when he moved out, for
friday nights with rota and half the house, for eric's
marriage at the aquarium, for the fred event, for the five
of us sleeping in a basement in chicago, for holding
nick's hand when i was sad.
been wondering lately about a lot of things, same as
always: mit doesn't let you off easy. don't know about
computer science, or graduate school, or midterms. i know
i'm someplace unique, though. “don't dream it's over”
plays, a kind of lullaby for a rainy night. feel so
completely safe, so at home here. so difficult to just
explain why: people ask, i always end up with, “you've
just got to be there. to live it for a while.” sounds like
a cop-out, but how else can i explain? i heard a man say
to me, “i love my brothers,” and as silly as it sounds, i
know he meant it: because i feel the same way. every once
in a while, things just work. something about these guys:
they just work.


Akan names are derived from Ghanian culture. Frequently in Ghana, children are given their first name as a 'day name' which corresponds to the day in the week they were born. Here are Ghanian day names. so by calculating your A kan name ,you get to know the day you were born.calculate your akan name and find out the day you were born


Director of Sales and Product Marketing at Personify
Area of Expertise
Building organizations is in my blood. I come from a very entrepreneurial background, and then started my first company when I was 18. I've experienced some success since, and certainly have fallen on my face a few times as well.
Since starting at Personify desk has been right next to the CEO's, giving me a front row seat in creating, scaling, and learning to lead a world-class technology company.
Personify has taken my organization-building skills to a completely new level. And I am absolutely thrilled to help in my small way to use my expertise in tech to help young girls love STEM.
Why you're passionate about getting more girls interested in STEM
Quite simply, it's because I have a young daughter, Addy, and she is my whole world. MakerGirl is without question favorite activity. My passion for helping young girls in STEM is a reflection of my little girl's passion for technologically oriented creativity. I want nothing more than to continue to ennoble that in Addy, and others like her.
Your advice for little kids (girls) to be successful
I named my son, Soren, after my favorite Philosopher, Soren Kierkegaard. He once wrote, "What if, rather than speaking or dreaming of an absolute beginning, we speak of a leap?” Anything worth doing is going to be harder than you first imagined, and carries the risk of failure. To make a difference in the world, sometimes you just have to take a leap.
Allan Kay, a researcher in the 1970s at the famous Xerox PARC, put it another way: "Don't worry about what anybody else is going to do…The best way to predict the future is to invent it."
Being an Innovator when you grow older - inventing the future - is going to be hard. You will fail. But take heart! Always strive to be on the exponential part of a learning curve. Be bold. Be Innovative. Take the leap!
Teaching this to Addy is why I'm proud that my daughter calls herself a MakerGirl.


NYC Dreams of Sushi
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{% extends "lostnfound/base.html" %} {% block content %}
Hooray for responsibility! Simply fill out the form below to keep track of your item


You can view the insights of your backtest in the GUI or download them to your local machine.
On the backtest result page, click the Insights tab to see the insights emitted throughout a backtest. If there are more than 10 insights, use the pagination tools at the bottom of the Insights Summary table to see all of the insights.
Follow these steps to download the insights in CSV format:


Download Code
The aim of this tutorial is to give a numerical method for solving an age structured virus model.
Introduction
The virus infection mathematical models are proposing and studying for a long time (see for example C.L. Althaus, R.J. DE Boer [1] and F. Brauer, C. Castillo-Chavez [2]. In particular case of an HIV infection model (see for P. W. Nelson and al. [6]), the corresponding model is usually divided into three classes called uninfected cells, $T$, infected cells, $i$ and free virus particles, $V$.
schematic representation of HIV dynamic.
We refer the reader to [4] and [5] for more general class on nonlinear incidence rates that take into account the saturation phenomenon.
We consider an age-structured HIV infection model with a very general nonlinear infection function
with the boundary and initial conditions
We denote by
The number $R_0$ represents the expected number of secondary infections produced by a single infected cell during its lifetime,
The complete global stability analysis for the system (\ref{A}) has been studied in [4]. The system (\ref{A}) admits at most two equilibrium, from Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 5.2 in [4], we obtain the following result:
-
If $R_0 \leqslant 1$, the disease free equilibrium $E_0=(\frac{A}{\mu},0,0)$ is globally asymptotically stable.
-
If $R_0>1$, the positive infection equilibrium $E^{\ast}=(T^\ast,i^\ast,V^\ast)$ is globally asymptotically stable.
Numerical method
We consider the Beddington-Deangelis function $f$ defined by
In this case, the basic reproduction number ${\cal R}_0$ is given by
Where $\pi(a)=\exp^{-\int_{0}^{a} \delta (s) ds}$ and $N=\int_{0}^{\infty} p(a) \pi(a) da$.
The numerical method to solve this system of equation is based on the upwind method for solving hyperbolic partial differential equation, (see [3]) called also the FTBS method (Forward-Time-Backward-Space), has first-order accuracy in both space and time. The CFL condition is necessary for the stability of numerical solutions. The ODEs are solving by explicit Euler method.
we use a grid with points $(x_j,t_n)$ defined by
with age step $\Delta a$ and time step $\Delta t$. Denoting, respectively, by $T^n$, $i^n_j$ and $V^n$ the numerical approximation of $T(t_n)$, $i(t_n,a_j)$ and $V(t_n)$, moreover,
we thus obtain the difference scheme of hyperbolic PDE
with $\lambda = \frac{\Delta t}{\Delta a}$. We fix the following values of parameters
with the initial conditions
The functions $p$ is given by
We change the values of $\tau_1$ in order to have $R_0 \leq 1$ or to have $R_0 > 1$. If we choose $ \tau_1 = 3 $ then $ R_0 = 0.5417 < 1 $,
And if we choose $ \tau_1 = 0.5 $ then $ R_0 = 1.4216 > 1 $,
clear all,close all
a1=0;
a2=60;
Tf=300;
I0=@(t)4*exp(-0.3*t);
T0=20;
V0=5;
A0=2; mu=0.02; muc=0.4;
beta=0.1;
alpha1=0.1;
alpha2=0.2;
delta=0.4;
fct=@(x,y) (beta*x*y)/(1+alpha1*x+alpha2*y);
N=199;M=1200;
h=(a2-a1)/N;
k=Tf/M;
a=a1+(1:N)*h;
ap=[0,a];
t=0+(0:M)*k;
lambda=k/h;
C=eye(N);
A=(1-lambda)*C+lambda*diag(ones(1,N-1),-1);
The reproduction number $R_0$
R0=tauxR(N,h,a,delta,beta,muc,mu,A0,alpha1)
T(1)=T0;
V(1)=V0;
U= I0(a(1:N))'; %% initial values
Up=[fct(T0,V0); U]; %% Initial value + Boundary condition
Uf=Up;
F=zeros(N,1);
UI=zeros(1,M);;
for j=1:M
Uold=U;
UI(j)=h*fct(T(j),V(j));
for o=1:N
UI(j)=UI(j)+h*Uold(o);
end
B=[lambda*fct(T(j),V(j)) ;zeros(N-1,1)];
F=- delta*Uold ;
U=A*Uold+B+k*F;
val=feval(@int,Uold,N-1,h,a);
T(j+1)=T(j)+k*(A0-mu*T(j)-fct(T(j),V(j)));
V(j+1)=V(j)+k*(val - muc *V(j));
Up=zeros(N+1,1);
Up=[fct(T(j+1),V(j+1)); U];
Uf=[Uf,Up];
end
figure(1);
[X , Y] = meshgrid( ap ,t);
mesh (X , Y , Uf')
title('The evolution of solution i(t,a)')
xlabel('Age')
ylabel('time')
figure(2)
plot(t,T','b',t,[UI UI(N+2)],'r',t,V','g')
legend('S(t)','I(t)=\int i(t,a)da','R(t)')
xlabel('Time')
References
[1] R. J. De Boer C. L. Althaus. Dynamics of immune escape during hiv/siv infection, PloS Comput. Biol, 2008.
[2] F. Brauer and C. Castillo-Chavez. Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology Springer, New York, 2000.
[3] L. Edsberg. Introduction to Computation and Modeling for Differential Equations, 2nd Edition. Wiley, 288 Pages, 2016.
[4] M. N. Frioui S. E. Miri, T. M. Touaoula. Unified lyapunov functional for an age-structured virus model with very general nonlinear infection response. J. Appl. Math. Comput, pages 1–27, 2017.
[5] T. Kuniya J. Wang, R. Zhang.. Mathematical analysis for an age-structured hiv infection model with saturation infection rate, Elect. J. Diff. Eq, pages 1–19, 2015.
[6] A. S. Perelson P. W. Nelson. Mathematical analysis of delay differential equation models of hiv-1 infection. Math. Biosc, 179, pages 73–94, 2002.


--- layout: default title: Home permalink: '/' pagination: enabled: true --- WE WORK HARD, WE PLAY HARD We’re a Design Studio That Belies In the Great Ideas See Our Works Connect with us The Proof is in the Pudding! {% if site.data.counters.size > 0 %} {% for counter in site.data.counters %} {{ counter.title }} {{ counter.count }} {% endfor %} {% endif %} OUR RECENT WORKS Crafting experiences and seeking to make the complex clear & beautiful. {% assign posts = site.posts | where:'type', 'portfolio' %} {%- for post in posts limit: 4 -%} {{ post.category[0] }} {{ post.title }} view project {%- endfor -%} MORE WORKS {% if site.data.testimonials.enable %} {{ site.data.testimonials.title }} {{ site.data.testimonials.subtitle }} {% for testimonial in site.data.testimonials.testimonial_item %} {{ testimonial.name }} {{ testimonial.company_position }} {{ testimonial.quote }} {% endfor %} {% endif %} {% include call-to-action.html %}
Crafting experiences and seeking to make the complex clear & beautiful.
{{ site.data.testimonials.subtitle }}
{{ testimonial.company_position }}
{{ testimonial.quote }}


txml.parse
The heart of this library is the parse
method. It will transform a string into javascript objects.
txml.simplify, txml.simplifyLostLess
Two simplify methods make working with xml data more convenient. While the normal simplify
is behaving exactly as PHPs simple XML module, the lost less
implementation keeps all values within an array. As you use the data, you can decide to map
or use the first element.
txml.filter
Filter is traversing the parsed DOM structure returning a flat array of found items. This is useful as an alternative to css selectors, not as convenient but still very powerful and fast.
txml.getElementById, txml.getElementsByClassName
With getElementById
and getElementsByClassName
you get the queried elements. However they work directly on the string. That allow them to parse only the elements of interest, not the entire xml or html document. The speed you can gain with these methods can go beyond 100 times faster.
txml.transformStream
transformStream
is the second implementation of parsing an xml stream in node.js the old implementation triggered xml
events. With the use of transformStream
you can parse a large xml stream even using the modern for await
syntax.


---
layout: post
title: Seigenthaler Defamer Tracked Down.. Moron.
categories: []
tags: []
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
_original_post_id: ''
_original_import_author: John Duprey
author:
---
"A man in Nashville has admitted that, in trying to shock a colleague with a joke, he put false information into a Wikipedia entry about John Seigenthaler Sr., a former editor of The Tennessean in Nashville." - NY Times
"In a confessional letter to Mr. Seigenthaler, Mr. Chase said he thought Wikipedia was a "gag" Web site and that he had written the assassination tale to shock a co-worker, who knew of the Seigenthaler family and its illustrious history in Nashville." - NY Times
Of course you thought wikipedia was a gag site!  Ironically, Chase now has a Wikipedia entry. (Currently under consideration for deletion.)
Wikipedia has some detractors: http://www.wikipedia-watch.org/
I'm not a purist when it comes to the "right" of anonymity of the internet. In general, I think everyone should have to stand by what they say and do on the internet - as they should in "real life." However, there are times when doing that can get you killed or put in jail.. even here.. Perhaps Wikipedia should work to get the users trust enough to privately manage identities. I believe that Wikipedia has already placed restrictions such that only registered users can create new pages.
View this post on my blog