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ndt_gslam
1.0
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#include <d2d_ndt2d_robust.h>
Public Types | |
| typedef boost::shared_ptr< D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust< PointSource, PointTarget > > | Ptr |
| typedef boost::shared_ptr< const D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust< PointSource, PointTarget > > | ConstPtr |
| typedef Eigen::Vector3d | VectorTrans |
Public Member Functions | |
| D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust () | |
| Constructor. Sets outlier_ratio_ to 0.35, step_size_ to 0.05 and resolution_ to 1.0. More... | |
| virtual | ~D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust () |
| Empty destructor. More... | |
| virtual void | setInputSource (const PclSourceConstPtr &cloud) |
| Sets the input source. More... | |
| virtual void | setInputTarget (const PclTargetConstPtr &cloud) |
| Sets the input target. More... | |
| virtual void | setInputSource (const GridSourceConstPtr &grid) |
| Sets the input source. More... | |
| virtual void | setInputTarget (const GridTargetConstPtr &grid) |
| Sets the input target. More... | |
| void | setRejectionLimit (float limit) |
| Sets the score threshold for correct match. More... | |
| void | setNumLayers (size_t num) |
| Sets the number of layers used in D2D. More... | |
| size_t | getNumLayers () |
| Gets the number layers. More... | |
| void | setCellSize (float base_size) |
| Set/change the voxel grid cell size for largest grid(finest). Other grids will have smaller longer cell size (coarser) More... | |
| float | getCellSize () const |
| Get voxel grid resolution. More... | |
| double | getStepSize () const |
| Get the newton line search maximum step length. More... | |
| void | setStepSize (double step_size) |
| Set/change the newton line search maximum step length. More... | |
| double | getOutlierRatio () const |
| Gets the outlier ratio of D2D algorithm. More... | |
| void | setOulierRatio (double step_size) |
| Sets the oulier ratio of D2D. More... | |
| float | getAlignmentQuality () const |
| Gets the alignment quality. More... | |
| int | getFinalNumIteration () const |
| Get the number of iterations required to calculate alignment. More... | |
| Eigen::Matrix3d | getCovariance () const |
| Gets the covariance. More... | |
| Eigen::Matrix3d | getInformMatrix () const |
| Gets the information matrix. More... | |
| void | setTranslationRange (float range) |
| Sets the translation range. More... | |
| void | setRotationRange (float range) |
| Sets the rotation range. More... | |
| void | enableMultithreading (unsigned int thread_count) |
| Enables the multithreading. More... | |
Protected Types | |
| typedef Registration< PointSource, PointTarget >::PointCloudSource | PclSource |
| typedef PclSource::Ptr | PclSourcePtr |
| typedef PclSource::ConstPtr | PclSourceConstPtr |
| typedef Registration< PointSource, PointTarget >::PointCloudTarget | PclTarget |
| typedef PclTarget::Ptr | PclTargetPtr |
| typedef PclTarget::ConstPtr | PclTargetConstPtr |
| typedef PointIndices::Ptr | PointIndicesPtr |
| typedef PointIndices::ConstPtr | PointIndicesConstPtr |
| typedef slamuk::NDTGrid2D< CellType, PointTarget > | GridTarget |
| typedef slamuk::NDTGrid2D< CellType, PointSource > | GridSource |
| typedef GridTarget::ConstPtr | GridTargetConstPtr |
| typedef GridSource::ConstPtr | GridSourceConstPtr |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual void | computeTransformation (PclSource &output) |
| Estimate the transformation and returns the transformed source (input) as output. More... | |
| virtual void | computeTransformation (PclSource &output, const Eigen::Matrix4f &guess) |
| Estimate the transformation and returns the transformed source (input) as output. More... | |
| virtual double | proofTransform (const Eigen::Matrix4f &trans) |
Protected Attributes | |
| D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2D< PointSource, PointTarget > | d2d_ |
| CorrelativeEstimation< PointSource, PointTarget > | corr_est_ |
| float | cell_size_ |
| float | alignment_quality_ |
| float | rejection_limit_ |
Definition at line 17 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
| typedef boost::shared_ptr< const D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust<PointSource, PointTarget> > pcl::D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust< PointSource, PointTarget, CellType >::ConstPtr |
Definition at line 45 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 35 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 37 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 34 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 36 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 22 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 24 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 23 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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Definition at line 27 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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Definition at line 29 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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Definition at line 28 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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Definition at line 32 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 31 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
| typedef boost::shared_ptr< D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust<PointSource, PointTarget> > pcl::D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust< PointSource, PointTarget, CellType >::Ptr |
Definition at line 42 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
| typedef Eigen::Vector3d pcl::D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust< PointSource, PointTarget, CellType >::VectorTrans |
Definition at line 46 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
| pcl::D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust< PointSource, PointTarget, CellType >::D2DNormalDistributionsTransform2DRobust | ( | ) |
Constructor. Sets outlier_ratio_ to 0.35, step_size_ to 0.05 and resolution_ to 1.0.
Definition at line 318 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inlinevirtual |
Empty destructor.
Definition at line 54 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inlineprotectedvirtual |
Estimate the transformation and returns the transformed source (input) as output.
| [out] | output | the resultant input transformed point cloud dataset |
Definition at line 297 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protectedvirtual |
Estimate the transformation and returns the transformed source (input) as output.
| [out] | output | the resultant input transformed point cloud dataset |
| [in] | guess | the initial gross estimation of the transformation |
proofTransform(d2d_.getFinalTransformation()))
Definition at line 328 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Enables the multithreading.
| [in] | thread_count | The thread count |
Definition at line 266 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Gets the alignment quality.
Definition at line 209 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Get voxel grid resolution.
Definition at line 159 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
|
inline |
Get the number of iterations required to calculate alignment.
Definition at line 218 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Gets the information matrix.
Definition at line 238 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Gets the number layers.
Definition at line 138 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Gets the outlier ratio of D2D algorithm.
Definition at line 189 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Get the newton line search maximum step length.
Definition at line 169 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protectedvirtual |
Definition at line 385 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Set/change the voxel grid cell size for largest grid(finest). Other grids will have smaller longer cell size (coarser)
| [in] | base_size | side length of voxels |
Definition at line 148 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inlinevirtual |
Sets the input source.
| [in] | cloud | The cloud |
Definition at line 63 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inlinevirtual |
Sets the input source.
| [in] | grid | The grid |
Definition at line 87 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inlinevirtual |
Sets the input target.
| [in] | cloud | The cloud |
Definition at line 75 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inlinevirtual |
Sets the input target.
| [in] | grid | The grid |
Definition at line 100 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Sets the number of layers used in D2D.
| [in] | num | The number of layers |
Definition at line 128 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Sets the oulier ratio of D2D.
| [in] | step_size | The step size |
Definition at line 199 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
|
inline |
Sets the score threshold for correct match.
| [in] | limit | The limit |
Definition at line 115 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Sets the rotation range.
| [in] | range | The range |
Definition at line 257 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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inline |
Set/change the newton line search maximum step length.
| [in] | step_size | maximum step length |
Definition at line 179 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
|
inline |
Sets the translation range.
| [in] | range | The range |
Definition at line 248 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 288 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 287 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 285 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 284 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 289 of file d2d_ndt2d_robust.h.


Python Tkinter ButtonThe button widget is used to add various types of buttons to the python application. Python allows us to configure the look of the button according to our requirements. Various options can be set or reset depending upon the requirements. We can also associate a method or function with a button which is called when the button is pressed. The syntax to use the button widget is given below. SyntaxA list of possible options is given below.
ExampleOutput: ExampleOutput:
Next TopicPython Tkinter Canvas
|
Python Tkinter ButtonThe button widget is used to add various types of buttons to the python application. Python allows us to configure the look of the button according to our requirements. Various options can be set or reset depending upon the requirements. We can also associate a method or function with a button which is called when the button is pressed. The syntax to use the button widget is given below. SyntaxA list of possible options is given below.
ExampleOutput: ExampleOutput:
Next TopicPython Tkinter Canvas
|
Python Tkinter ButtonThe button widget is used to add various types of buttons to the python application. Python allows us to configure the look of the button according to our requirements. Various options can be set or reset depending upon the requirements. We can also associate a method or function with a button which is called when the button is pressed. The syntax to use the button widget is given below. SyntaxA list of possible options is given below.
ExampleOutput: ExampleOutput:
Next TopicPython Tkinter Canvas
|
Python Tkinter ButtonThe button widget is used to add various types of buttons to the python application. Python allows us to configure the look of the button according to our requirements. Various options can be set or reset depending upon the requirements. We can also associate a method or function with a button which is called when the button is pressed. The syntax to use the button widget is given below. SyntaxA list of possible options is given below.
ExampleOutput: ExampleOutput:
Next TopicPython Tkinter Canvas
|


Snookes1516.github.io
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WITNESS LIST Ways & Means Committee March 24, 1999-2:00P HB 161 On: Wilson, Dan (Comptroller of Public Accounts) HB 161property tax For: Bier, Samuel (Self) McLemore, Bill (Texas Coalition of State Veterans Organizations) Against: Petree, Richard (Abilene ISD) Registering, but not testifying: For: Hall, Kerry (The American Legion) HB 405property tax For: Berkley, Tyler (Good Sheperd Lutheran Church) Gardner, Dan (Hyde Park Baptist Church) HB 453 On: Wilson, Dan (Comptroller of Public Accounts) HB 453property tax For: Lehman, Mark (Texas Association of Realtors) Registering, but not testifying: Against: Clevenger, Christy (Tax Assessor-Collector's Association) Guerra, Rosalva (Self and Zapata County) Petree, Richard (Texas Association of Appraisal Districts) HB 541 Registering, but not testifying: Against: Cornett, Ray (Tax Assessor Collectors Association) HB 541property tax For: Camacho, Jose (Texas Association of Community Health Centers, Inc.) Registering, but not testifying: Against: Clevenger, Christy (Tax A/C Association of Texas) HB 575property tax For: Rodrigue, Kathy (Self and Ellis County Appraisal District) HB 873 On: Wilson, Dan (Comptroller of Public Accounts) HB 873property tax On: Moreau, Walter (Central Texas Mutual HSG, Executive Director) Ocanas, Reymundo (Texas Association of Community Development Corporations) HB 958property tax For: Hufford, Ron (Texas Forestry Association) Registering, but not testifying: For: Clevenger, Christy (Self and Texas Tax A/C Association) Cornett, Ray (Tax Assessor Collectors Association) Foreman, JImmy (Texas Association of Appraisal Districts) Guerra, Rosalva (Self and Zapata County) HB 968 On: Wilson, Dan (Comptroller of Public Accounts) HB 1143 On: Wilson, Dan (Comptroller of Public Accounts) HB 1143 property tax For: Bruns, Richard (Self) HB 1978 On: Wilson, Dan (Comptroller of Public Accounts) HB 1978 property tax For: Van Booven, Le Roy (Seguin/Guadalupe County Senior Citizen's Center) HB 2014 property tax For: Ottmers, Terry (Gillespie County Fair Association) Ransleben, Gordon (Gillespie County Fair & Festival Association) Tisdale, Olan (Gillespie County Fair & Festivals Association) HB 2067 On: Ghiglieri, Catherine (Texas Department of Banking) HB 2067 property tax For: Craymer, Dale (Texas Taxpayers & Research Association) Registering, but not testifying: For: Heasley, John (Texas Bankers Association) Sandberg, Eric (Texas Savings & Community Border Association) Scurlock, Steve (Independent Bankers Association of Texas) HB 2406 property tax For: Fondren, Bentley (Self and U.S. Customs Broker) Registering, but not testifying: For: Martinez, Mario (Farias & Farias) HJR 4 property tax For: Van Booven, Le Roy (Seguin/Guadalupe County Senior Citizen's Center) HJR 23 property tax For: Berkley, Tyler (Good Sheperd Lutheran Church) Gardner, Dan (Hyde Park Baptist Church)


backend
Class TurtleModel
java.lang.Object
backend.TurtleModel
public class TurtleModel
- extends java.lang.Object
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
TurtleModel
public TurtleModel(int name)
getHeading
public double getHeading()
- Returns:
- Returns heading of the turtle
setHeading
public void setHeading(double heading)
- Parameters:
heading
- Sets heading of the turtle
getPosition
public Tuple getPosition()
- Returns:
- Gets position of the turtle
setPosition
public void setPosition(Tuple position)
- Parameters:
position
- Sets position of the turtle
isShowing
public boolean isShowing()
- Returns:
- Returns true if the turtle is showing
setShowing
public void setShowing(boolean showing)
- Parameters:
showing
- Sets whether or not the turtle is showing
setImagePath
public void setImagePath(java.lang.String imagePath)
- Parameters:
imagePath
- Sets the image used for the turtle
getID
public int getID()
- Returns:
- Returns unique id of each turtle
getImage
public java.awt.image.BufferedImage getImage()
- Returns:
- Gets the image currently used by the turtle


| rprojroot-package {rprojroot} | R Documentation |
Robust, reliable and flexible paths to files below a project root. The 'root' of a project is defined as a directory that matches a certain criterion, e.g., it contains a certain regular file.
See the "Value" section in root_criterion()
for documentation
of root criterion objects, and criteria for useful predefined
root criteria.
Maintainer: Kirill Müller<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(ORCID)
Useful links:
Report bugs at https://github.com/r-lib/rprojroot/issues
criteria ## Not run: is_r_package$find_file("NAMESPACE") root_fun <- is_r_package$make_fix_file() root_fun("NAMESPACE") ## End(Not run)


The UHC provides a high-level abstraction of the usb host. More...
Modules | |
| Implementation of UHC | |
| Internal implementation. | |
| USB Host Controller (UHC) - Prerequisites | |
| Common prerequisites for all USB hosts. | |
| USB Host Controller (UHC) - Example code | |
| Common example code for all USB hosts. | |
| USB Device Controller (UHC) - Workflow | |
| Common workflow for all USB devices. | |
Classes | |
| struct | USBH_device_t |
| Structure to store device information. More... | |
Macros | |
| #define | UHC_DATA(x) COMPILER_ALIGNED(x) |
| #define | UHC_BSS(x) COMPILER_ALIGNED(x) |
Enumerations | |
| enum | USBH_enum_status_t { UHC_ENUM_SUCCESS = 0, UHC_ENUM_UNSUPPORTED, UHC_ENUM_OVERCURRENT, UHC_ENUM_FAIL, UHC_ENUM_HARDWARE_LIMIT, UHC_ENUM_SOFTWARE_LIMIT, UHC_ENUM_MEMORY_LIMIT, UHC_ENUM_DISCONNECT } |
| Enumeration status Used in UHC_ENUM_EVENT() callback when a USB device enumeration is completed. More... | |
Functions to control the USB host stack | |
| void | USBH_start (void) |
| Starts the host mode. More... | |
| void | USBH_stop (bool b_id_stop) |
| Stops the host mode. More... | |
| void | USBH_suspend (bool b_remotewakeup) |
| Suspends a USB line. More... | |
| bool | USBH_is_suspend (void) |
| Test if the suspend state is enabled on the USB line. More... | |
| void | USBH_resume (void) |
| Resumes the USB line. More... | |
User functions to manage a device | |
| uint8_t | USBH_get_device_number (void) |
| Returns the number of connected devices. More... | |
| char * | USBH_dev_get_string_manufacturer (USBH_device_t *dev) |
| Gets the USB string manufacturer from a USB device. More... | |
| char * | USBH_dev_get_string_product (USBH_device_t *dev) |
| Gets the USB string product from a USB device. More... | |
| char * | USBH_dev_get_string_serial (USBH_device_t *dev) |
| Gets the USB string serial from a USB device. More... | |
| char * | USBH_dev_get_string (USBH_device_t *dev, uint8_t str_id) |
| Gets a USB string from a USB device. More... | |
| uint16_t | USBH_dev_get_power (USBH_device_t *dev) |
| Gets the maximum consumption of a device (mA) More... | |
| USBH_Speed_t | USBH_dev_get_speed (USBH_device_t *dev) |
| Returns the current device speed. More... | |
| bool | USBH_dev_is_high_speed_support (USBH_device_t *dev) |
| Tests if the device supports the USB high speed This function can wait the end of a setup request and the timing can be long (1ms to 5s). More... | |
The UHC provides a high-level abstraction of the usb host.
You can use these functions to control the main host state (start/suspend/resume/...).
The following USB host configuration must be included in the conf_usb_host.h file of the application.
USB_HOST_UHI (List of UHI APIs)
Define the list of UHI supported by USB host. (Ex.: UHI_MSC,UHI_HID_MOUSE).
USB_HOST_POWER_MAX (mA)
Maximum current allowed on Vbus.
USB_HOST_HS_SUPPORT (Only defined)
Authorize the USB host to run in High Speed.
USB_HOST_HUB_SUPPORT (Only defined)
Authorize the USB HUB support.
The following optional USB host callback can be defined in the conf_usb_host.h file of the application.
void UHC_MODE_CHANGE(bool b_host_mode)
To notify that the USB mode are switched automatically. This is possible only when ID pin is available.
void UHC_VBUS_CHANGE(bool b_present)
To notify that the Vbus level has changed (Available only in USB hardware with Vbus monitoring).
void UHC_VBUS_ERROR(void)
To notify that a Vbus error has occurred (Available only in USB hardware with Vbus monitoring).
void UHC_CONNECTION_EVENT(USBH_device_t* dev,bool b_present)
To notify that a device has been connected or disconnected.
void UHC_WAKEUP_EVENT(void)
Called when a USB device or the host have wake up the USB line.
void UHC_SOF_EVENT(void)
Called for each received SOF each 1 ms. Available in High and Full speed mode.
uint8_t UHC_DEVICE_CONF(USBH_device_t* dev)
Called when a USB device configuration must be chosen. Thus, the application can choose either a configuration number for this device or a configuration number 0 to reject it. If callback not defined the configuration 1 is chosen.
void UHC_ENUM_EVENT(USBH_device_t* dev, uint8_t b_status)
Called when a USB device enumeration is completed or fail.
| #define UHC_BSS | ( | x | ) | COMPILER_ALIGNED(x) |
| #define UHC_DATA | ( | x | ) | COMPILER_ALIGNED(x) |
| enum USBH_enum_status_t |
Enumeration status Used in UHC_ENUM_EVENT() callback when a USB device enumeration is completed.
| uint16_t USBH_dev_get_power | ( | USBH_device_t * | dev | ) |
Gets the maximum consumption of a device (mA)
| dev | Device to request |
| USBH_Speed_t USBH_dev_get_speed | ( | USBH_device_t * | dev | ) |
Returns the current device speed.
| dev | Device to request |
| char* USBH_dev_get_string | ( | USBH_device_t * | dev, |
| uint8_t | str_id | ||
| ) |
Gets a USB string from a USB device.
This function waits the end of setup requests and the timing can be long (3ms to 15s). Thus, do not call it in an interrupt routine. This function allocates a buffer which must be free by user application.
| dev | Device to request |
| str_id | String ID requested |
| char* USBH_dev_get_string_manufacturer | ( | USBH_device_t * | dev | ) |
Gets the USB string manufacturer from a USB device.
This function waits the end of setup requests and the timing can be long (3ms to 15s). Thus, do not call it in an interrupt routine. This function allocates a buffer which must be free by user application.
| dev | Device to request |
| char* USBH_dev_get_string_product | ( | USBH_device_t * | dev | ) |
Gets the USB string product from a USB device.
This function waits the end of setup requests and the timing can be long (3ms to 15s). Thus, do not call it in an interrupt routine. This function allocates a buffer which must be free by user application.
| dev | Device to request |
| char* USBH_dev_get_string_serial | ( | USBH_device_t * | dev | ) |
Gets the USB string serial from a USB device.
This function waits the end of setup requests and the timing can be long (3ms to 15s). Thus, do not call it in an interrupt routine. This function allocates a buffer which must be free by user application.
| dev | Device to request |
| bool USBH_dev_is_high_speed_support | ( | USBH_device_t * | dev | ) |
Tests if the device supports the USB high speed This function can wait the end of a setup request and the timing can be long (1ms to 5s).
Thus, do not call it in an interrupt routine.
| dev | Device to request |
| uint8_t USBH_get_device_number | ( | void | ) |
Returns the number of connected devices.
| bool USBH_is_suspend | ( | void | ) |
Test if the suspend state is enabled on the USB line.
| void USBH_resume | ( | void | ) |
Resumes the USB line.
| void USBH_start | ( | void | ) |
Starts the host mode.
| void USBH_stop | ( | bool | b_id_stop | ) |
Stops the host mode.
| b_id_stop | Stop USB ID pin management, if true. |
| void USBH_suspend | ( | bool | b_remotewakeup | ) |
Suspends a USB line.
| b_remotewakeup | Authorize the remote wakeup features, if true |


FROM: MR DAVID.R. BAILA DAKAR, SENEGAL WEST AFRICA. Dear Beloved One. Thank you for giving me your time, Please be patient and read my email to you, this letter might come as a surprise to you and you could be wondering where i got your contact. I got your address through a personal search on the internet for someone relaible and trustworthy,so i decided to contact you for an assistant, which I do hope you will take your time to consider. My name is DAVID RICH BALA, am personal political adviser to former liberia president CHARLES TAYLOR,during his tenures in office as president, Charles Taylor who left to Nigeria for political assylum under president Olusegun Obasanjo, until pressure become unbearable from global world particularly the goverment of America and the newly elected president of Liberia for Obasanjo to hand him over to Liberia goverment and finally he decided to escape to Camerrom where he was arrested at border between Nigeria and Camerron named Boki and finally hand over to Liberia democratic elected president for trial later end up in prison for interogation. Now let me introduce to you the secrect behind these letter which i would like you to keep the contents confidential between us, am the above name. CHARLES TAYLOR deposited the sum of us$12.5millon (twelve millon five hundred thousand united state dollar) in a security company before he left to Nigeria for asylum, as the beneficiary before he escaped to Cameroon he deposited all the document with me and later arrested by Nigeria police.i tried to escaped to Dakar Senegal where am presently. Am now seeking for your assistances to enable me take out the money from the security company, and i have agreed to offer you 30% of the total sum for your assistance, 5% will be set-aside for any expenses that maybe incurred in the course of this transaction and the remaining 65% will be for me to invest in any lucrative investment. All I want you to do is to help me finish this transaction and at the same time to help me to invest some of my share of the money in a lucrative business in your country. Please get back to me via my private email address(davidrich_bala@yahoo)for better discussion or should incase you have any questions you would like to ask,please feel free to contact me any time via my email address. Thanks and God bless as i will be looking forward to your swift and positive response. Regards, MR.DAVID. R.BAILA


Welcome to the LPGP %user% ! Please to continue your account, insert that code next time you log in the LPGP Official site.
%key%
If you aren't %user% or don't created a LPGP account , then just ignore this e-mail.


In August 2018, Jaydeep Borkar, then a third-year undergraduate student, learnt about a lot of problems faced by the different sections of the society and how NGOs are making a difference. He remained fascinated to solve these problems using computer science, which eventually led him to start Empowerange, with his friend Santosh Vijapure.
Empowerange is derived from two words -- Empower and Change, empowering the society by bringing the change.
We are actively looking for supporters and sponsors to fund our initiative. Please, contact us if you’re interested in funding us.
You can support us financially if you’re a company, and if you’re an NGO, and want to collaborate with us, then please contact us.
Currently, we are reaching out to the NGOs in Pune and Mumbai, but we are open to and want to collaborate with NGOs in the different parts of the country.
You can help us by spreading a word about us, contacting us if you know any NGO that would love to collaborate with us, or if you know any potential sponsor. Also, we have a few positions in the team, so please keep contact us.
If you want to donate to any NGO, then we will redirect you to that NGO. And if you want to fund us, then please reach out to us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Apart from financial donations, please have a look at the list of the NGOs to get an idea of what all things do they need. We will keep the list updated.
Please reach out to us at hi.empowerange@gmail.com.


Introduction to Bioinformatics (ALWAYS UNDER CONSTRUCTION)
BIOL 1011-002--Fall 2022
Syllabus
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Distinguish the process of science from other ways of understanding the world. 2. Evaluate evidence to solve problems using scientific thinking. 3. Describe the basic terminology and principles of the bioinformatic “omics” - such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc. 4. Contrast the different methodologies of DNA sequencing. 5. Effectively use databases, websites, and computational methods for studying biological data in relation to the evolution of genes, proteins, and whole genomes. 6. Interact with the practical applications of bioinformatics, including some basic coding
Schedule (Subject to change)
| Week of Class | Dates(Month/Day) | Topic(s) | Assignments/Activities | RecommendedReading | Additional Reading(on Canvas) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | 08/23 T08/25 R | Intro. to Bioinformatics Nature of Science: Scientific Process | Syllabus Quiz | Lesk: Preface, pp. 34-37 | Gauthier et al. 2019Markowetz 2017 |
| Week 2 | 08/30 T09/01 R | Evolution | Case Study: Does sugar cause hyperactivity | Lesk: pp. 1-7 | - |
| Week 3 | 09/06 T09/08 R | InheritanceVariation and Selection | Evolution Worksheet | - | - |
| Week 4 | 09/13 T09/15 R | Central Dogma: DNA StructureCentral Dogma: DNA Replication | Inheritance Assignment | Lesk: pp. 9-17,49-58 | Crick 1970 |
| Week 5 | 09/20 T09/22 R | RNA TranscriptionProtein Translation | DNA Structure Assignment | Lesk: 88-122 | - |
| Week 6 | 09/27 T09/29 R | Central Dogma--Omics Genome Sequencing Intro | TAKE HOME EXAM 1DUE SEP. 27 | Lesk: 57-67 | - |
| Week 7 | 10/04 T10/06 R | Next and 3rd Generation SequencingSteps of Sequencing Processing | Sequencing Intro Assignment | - | Shendure et al. 2017Sims et al. 2014Logsdon et al. 2020Heather & ChainGoodwin et al. 2016 |
| Week 8 | 10/11 T10/13 R | Genome AssemblyFALL BREAK--NO CLASS | Sequencing Assignment | Lesk: pp. 68-73 | Rice and Green 2017 |
| Week 9 | 10/18 T10/20 R | Genome Assembly pt. 2 BLAST | BLAST/NCBI Assignment (Due Thursday) | Lesk: pp. 123-143 | Langmead and Nellore 2018Erlich and Narayanan 2014 |
| Week 10 | 10/25 T10/27 R | Biology and ComputersIntroduction to R | -- | Lesk: pp. 154-171 | Kapli et al. 2020 |
| Week 11 | 11/01 T11/03 R | Using R | TAKE HOME EXAM 2DUE NOV. 01 | Lesk: pp. 356-372, 378-393 | Stark et al. 2019 |
| Week 12 | 11/08 T11/10 R | Subsetting Data Writing a Function | R assignment | - | - |
| Week 13 | 11/15 T11/17 R | Transcriptomics/ProteomicsIdentifying Types of Chromosomes | R Assignment | - | - |
| - | 11/22 T11/24 R | THANKSGIVING BREAK--NO CLASS | |||
| Week 14 | 11/29 T12/01 R | Other Uses of NCBIPhylogenetics | -- | - | - |
| Week 15 | 12/06 T12/08 R | Phylogentics Pt. 2DNA kits/Genetic Privacy | TAKE HOME EXAM 3DUE DEC. 6Building your own Phylogeny | - | - |
| Final | 12/13 T | FINAL PROJECT | FINAL PROJECTDUE DEC. 13 | - | - |


A wiki page is created or updated. For more information, see the "About wikis" in the GitHub Help documentation.
The event object includes properties that are common for all events. Each event object includes a payload
property and the value is unique to each event type. The payload
object for this event is described below.
payload
object| Key | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
pages |
array |
The pages that were updated. |
pages[][page_name] |
string |
The name of the page. |
pages[][title] |
string |
The current page title. |
pages[][action] |
string |
The action that was performed on the page. Can be created or edited . |
pages[][sha] |
string |
The latest commit SHA of the page. |
pages[][html_url] |
string |
Points to the HTML wiki page. |


Promofocus
Podomoro
Short Break
Long Break
00:00
START
WORKING ON
Time to work!
Tasks
Add Task
Est Podomoro
+ Add Note
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0
Act:
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00:00


Gossiping is a cloud-based instant messaging and voice over IP service developed by Team AI. Enjoy !
Please check your email to verify the account.


Welcome to CSS
CSS Style Sheet used for make web pages more stylish
This is design for web pages
current Version is 2.1


Before Change
logger.info("[MERGE ALIGNMENTS]") // Tidy up cli output
skip_count = 0
merge_count = 0
for _, src_alignments, _, frame in tqdm(self.alignments2.yield_faces(),
desc="Merging Alignments",
total=self.alignments2.frames_count):
for idx, alignment in enumerate(src_alignments):
if not alignment.get("hash", None):
logger.warning("Alignment "%s":%s has no Hash! Skipping", frame, idx)
skip_count += 1
continue
if self.check_exists(frame, alignment, idx):
skip_count += 1
continue
self.merge_alignment(frame, alignment, idx)
merge_count += 1
logger.info("Alignments Merged: %s", merge_count)
logger.info("Alignments Skipped: %s", skip_count)
if merge_count != 0:
self.set_destination_filename()
After Change
logger.info("[MERGE ALIGNMENTS]") // Tidy up cli output
skip_count = 0
merge_count = 0
total_count = sum([alignments.frames_count for alignments in self.process_alignments])
with tqdm(desc="Merging Alignments", total=total_count) as pbar:
for alignments in self.process_alignments:
for _, src_alignments, _, frame in alignments.yield_faces():
for idx, alignment in enumerate(src_alignments):


new Generator(speedFactor)
Trap and Bonus Generator
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
speedFactor |
Number | Speed Factor PassThru |
- Source:
- Generator.js, line 12
Members
-
speedFactor
-
Current Speed Factor which decrements (gets faster!) over time.
- Source:
- Generator.js, line 18
Methods
-
destruct()
-
Destructor - Cleans up all Lime Elements and DataStructures
- Source:
- Generator.js, line 87
-
getRandomTime(minTime, maxTime) → {number}
-
Calculates a random Time (in ms) between a minimum and maximum
Parameters:
Name Type Description minTime
Number maxTime
Number - Source:
- Generator.js, line 37
Returns:
- Type
- number
-
getRandomTrap() → {String}
-
Returns a random Trap type, fitting to the current Theme
- Source:
- Generator.js, line 47
Returns:
- Type
- String
-
startThrowBonus()
-
Starts trowing Boni to both Players
- Source:
- Generator.js, line 76
-
startThrowTrap()
-
Starts trowing Traps to both Players
- Source:
- Generator.js, line 58


Up, Up and Away!
2016/08/28
Real size
DeviantART
Kal-El's Pillar
2016/05/01
Real size
DeviantART
Hubble's Force Awakening
2016/03/19
Real size
DeviantART
The Ring Goes South
2016/03/06
Real size
DeviantART
Brand New World
2016/01/31
Real size
DeviantART


{%extends 'index.html'%} {% block article %}
Nothing to know about me, if you are in need, I will help you... I am as the wind, going where fate leads me...


{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block head %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
{% for src, dest in shortcuts.items() %}
{% endfor %}
keyboardKeyboard
{% for row in range(4) %}
{% for col in range(64) %}
{{ codepage[row * 64 + col].replace("\n", "⏎") }}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
You can also press ALT-ENTER to combine the last couple of characters. See this page for a list of these combinations.
codeHeader: 0 bytes
codeCode: 0 bytes
codeFooter: 0 bytes
flagFlags
inputSTDIN: 0 bytes
desktop_windowsSTDOUT: 0 bytes
bug_reportSTDERR: 0 bytes
This page's design is heavily inspired by Try It Online! and uses lyxal.pythonanywhere.com's API to run code. Full credit to Dennis, lyxal, and the Vyxal development team for their work on TIO, Vyxal, and the Vyxal online interpreter.
{% endblock %}
{% block tail %}
{% endblock %}


Perform Web-RFC string format validations. Supports the following formats:
"date-time"
rfc-3339 timestamps."date"
"time"
"email"
Supports the most commonly used parts of rfc-5322."hostname"
rfc-1034 internet host names."ipv4"
rfc-2673 IPv4 addresses."ipv6"
rfc-2373 IPv6 addresses."uri"
rfc-3986 universal internet resource identifier.
Source borrows heavily from another validating lib.


This SRFI describes how to modify the Revised Report (R5RS) in order to enable conforming implementations to use an extended character set such as (but not limited to) Unicode.
Changes to some requirements of the report are recommended. Currently, the Revised Report contains requirements which are difficult or impossible to satisfy with some extended character sets.
New required procedures are proposed, specified, and included in the reference implementation. These procedures enable portable Scheme programs to manipulate Scheme source texts and source data accurately, even in implementations using extended character sets.
This SRFI concludes with some suggestions for implementors interested in providing good Unicode support, using these suggestions to illustrate how the proposed changes to the Revised Report can "play out" in Unicode-based Scheme.
This SRFI does not attempt to provide a comprehensive library for global text processing. For example, one issue in global text processing is the need for linguistically-sensitive, locale-sensitive procedures for sorting strings. Such procedures are beyond the scope of this SRFI. On the other hand, by making Scheme compatible with extended character sets, this SRFI is a step in the direction of permitting global text processing standard libraries to be developed in a form portable across all conforming implementations.
This SRFI does not propose that
implementations be required to support Unicode or any other extended
character set. It does not specify a representation for Unicode
characters or strings. It does revise the specifications of the
report so that char?
values may be Unicode (or other)
characters.
The reference implementation included should prove to be easily ported to and effective for all ASCII-only implementations and for many implementations using an 8-bit character set which is an extension of ASCII (it will require very minor modifications for each particular implementation). Other implementations may need to use a different implementation.


Text to Save:
Filename to Save As:
Save Text to File
Select a File to Load:
Load Selected File
Warning: Refreshing will delete anything inside the textbox.


KUWK: Kylie Jenner’s Daughter Stormi Rocks Her Dad Travis Scott’s Signature Braids In New Pics – So Cute!
by Ashley MitchellLike father, like daughter! Kylie Jenner and Travis Scott’s baby girl, Stormi Webster rocked her rapper dad’s hairstyle and it’s safe to say that she looked absolutely adorable! The proud dad took to social media to share the cute snaps that showed the toddler wearing his signature braids!
It looks like the father-daughter duo spent the weekend together and they took this opportunity to get matching hair!
That being said, after the makeover, little Stormi looks like her daddy’s twin!
Travis posted the pics on his platform of choice yesterday and simply captioned one of them: ‘Daddy’s hair.’
A second post was captioned: ‘Stormi’s world,’ a reference to his highly successful album Astroworld!
He’s totally right about this being Stormi’s world since everyone loves the child, be it her closest ones like her mom and dad and immediate family, or her parents’ fans on social media who just can’t get enough of the cute baby.
And she is really lucky to have such loving parents who are dedicated to being the best co-parents they can be despite the fact that at this time, they are on a break!
As fans remember, at the beginning of this month, Kylie took Stormi along and went to Texas for Travis’ Astroworld Festival.
Their daughter was equipped with noise-canceling headphones so that she could relax and have her fun backstage as her dad was hyping up his audience.
She definitely enjoyed the show as always! After all, videos of the child loving her dad’s music have been posted multiple times on social media!
Stormi is a ‘daddy’s girl’ for sure, something even Kylie admitted in a post’s caption not too long ago.


Syntax:
with-condition-restarts condition-form restarts-form form*
=> result*
Arguments and Values:
condition-form---a form; evaluated to produce a condition.
condition---a condition object resulting from the evaluation of condition-form.
restart-form---a form; evaluated to produce a restart-list.
restart-list---a list of restart objects resulting from the evaluation of restart-form.
forms---an implicit progn; evaluated.
results---the values returned by forms.
Description:
First, the condition-form and restarts-form are evaluated in normal left-to-right order; the primary values yielded by these evaluations are respectively called the condition and the restart-list.
Next, the forms are evaluated in a dynamic environment in which each restart in restart-list is associated with the condition. See Section <IP_ADDRESS>.4 (Associating a Restart with a Condition).
Examples: None.
Side Effects: None.
Affected By: None.
Exceptional Situations: None.
See Also:
Notes:
Usually this macro is not used explicitly in code, since restart-case handles most of the common cases in a way that is syntactically more concise.


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--- title: Clay Programming Language layout: post ---
Why Clay? Clay is concise.If you've written generic programs with C++ templates, you know how verbose it is. This is because type names are longer in generic code. Clay solves this problem elegantly by providing whole program type propagation. Generic programming, when combined with whole program type propagation lets you write high-level code rivaling scripting languages in conciseness.
Clay is fast.Efficient type-specialized code is generated during compilation. This type-specialized code is low-level and is equivalent to C in performance. Clay uses LLVM to optimize the generated low-level code.
Clay is a systems programming language.Clay has the same memory footprint and runtime overhead as C. It is suitable for writing garbage collectors, embedded systems, database servers, games etc.
Clay design philosophy.Efficient, concise, generic - Pick any three.
This looks hella more interesting than Go, save for the fact that Go has CSP built-in.


benwiv
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|
Pebble Foundation Classes
0.2.0
C++ for Pebble
|
Controlling the vibration motor. More...
Classes | |
| struct | VibePattern |
Functions | |
| void | vibes_cancel (void) |
| void | vibes_short_pulse (void) |
| Makes the watch emit one short vibration. | |
| void | vibes_long_pulse (void) |
| Makes the watch emit one long vibration. | |
| void | vibes_double_pulse (void) |
| void | vibes_enqueue_custom_pattern (VibePattern pattern) |
Controlling the vibration motor.
The Vibes API provides calls that let you control Pebble’s vibration motor.
The vibration motor can be used as a visceral mechanism for giving immediate feedback to the user. You can use it to highlight important moments in games, or to draw the attention of the user. However, you should use the vibration feature sparingly, because sustained use will rapidly deplete Pebble’s battery, and vibrating Pebble too much and too often can become annoying for users.
| void vibes_cancel | ( | void | ) |
Cancel any in-flight vibe patterns; this is a no-op if there is no on-going vibe.
| void vibes_double_pulse | ( | void | ) |
Makes the watch emit two brief vibrations.
| void vibes_enqueue_custom_pattern | ( | VibePattern | pattern | ) |
Makes the watch emit a ‘custom’ vibration pattern.
| pattern | An arbitrary vibration pattern |


{% extends "help/base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block title %}{% trans "Making requests" %} - {{SITE_NAME}}{% endblock %} {% block helpbody %}
It can be hard to untangle the complicated structure of government, and work out who has the information you want. Here are a few tips:
If the department is one of the Departments to which the Code applies then please contact us with the name of the department and, if you can find it, their contact email address for Code on Access to Information requests.
Please put in your request only what is needed so that someone can easily identify what information you are asking for. Please do not include any of the following:
If you include extraneous material, we may have to remove your request to avoid problems with libel law, which is a pain for both you and us.
The site is only for hosting requests under the Code on Access to Information, not for general correspondence with public authorities. Phrasing your request as a question or a request for comment (e.g. "why are you doing X?" or "please explain why you are doing X") makes it more likely that your message will not be seen as a valid request, both by us and by the department. Asking for "copies of all policies and procedures regarding X" would, on the other hand, normally result in a valid request. Remember: You are asking for records already held by the government.
Short, succinct messages make it easier for authorities to be clear what information you are requesting, which means you will get a reply more quickly.
Section 1.24 of the Code states in its entirety:
Processing requests for information uses resources and departments may therefore require payment for this service. Any charges levied will reflect the cost of providing the information, and the information will not be released until the requisite payment has been made.
The only charges explicitly mentioned on the Code on Access to Information website are photocopying charges of $1.1 per copy (A4 size) and $1.3 per copy (A3 size).
The guidelines state that
1.24.1 The policy of openness in government requires that charges for information provided in accordance with the Code be simple and inexpensive. Paragraph 1.24 reflects this, but is deliberately phrased in flexible terms to allow for adjustments to the charging regime. Successful applicants for access to information should only be charged for the cost of reproducing the required documents, etc. at the current standard charge where one exists.
and
1.24.2 In all cases, applicants should be informed in advance how much they will have to pay for copies of documents they are seeking. It is then their choice to pursue or abandon the request. Departments are required to publish or make available for inspection a schedule of current reproduction charges.
The Code states that
So far as possible, information will be provided in the form in which it exists. Where disclosure of certain information in a record is to be refused, access will normally be provided to the remaining part of the record.
The Code states that
1.16 Where possible, information will be made available within ten [calendar] days of receipt of a written request. If that is not possible the applicant will be so advised by an interim reply within ten days of receipt of the request. The target response time will then be twenty-one days from receipt of the request.and
1.18 Response may be deferred beyond twenty-one days only in exceptional circumstances, which should be explained to the applicant. Any deferral should not normally exceed a further thirty days.
The guidelines state that 51 days is the maximum for a "complicated request", only in "exceptional circumstances", for example "the need to seek legal advice on a request", or "the need for an extensive search of files in order to meet the request".
Opengov.hk will email you if you don't get a timely response. You can then send the department a message to remind them, and/or tell them they are potentially in breach of the Code.
There are several things you can do if you never get a response.
No. Requests made using opengov.hk are public, made under the Code on Access to Information, and cannot help you find information about a private individual.
If you would like to know what information a public authority holds about yourself, you should make a "Data Access Request" in private using the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance. The PCPD's website provides advice on accessing your own personal information.
If you see that somebody has included personal information, perhaps unwittingly, in a request, please contact us immediately so we can remove it.
Yes, it is possible for you to make requests privately on opengov.hk, and open up to the public the request and any responses later.


I'm A Celeb's Ant jokes about 'year off' as he's reunited with Dec after drink-drive shame
Ant McPartlin and Declan Donnelly were finally back together on I'm A Celeb this evening after two years
by Irishmirror.ieAnt McPartlin joked about his "year off" as he was reunited with Declan Donnelly on I'm A Celebrity tonight.
The double act was back and stronger than ever this evening as a whole new host of scared celebrities ventured into the jungle.
However the pair couldn't resist a joke at Ant's drink-drive shame last year.
Introducing the programme tonight, Dec announced: "We're back, he's back, we're all back, back back!"
After a series of hilarious gags at Prince Andrew's expense, they said it was down to the public to decide who wins and is crowned queen or king of the jungle.
Ant said: “I'm A Celebrity 2019 can only have one winner.”
Dec said: “Caitlyn Jenner's agent by the sound of it.”
Ant added: “OK so two winners. Time to meet our first celeb, someone who always does the right thing, is a right laugh and is made of the right stuff. It's...”
Dec interupted by joking: “It's Kate Garraway.”
Ant said: “It's Ian Wright. I have had a year off, what is your excuse?"
Ant was forced to pull out of the series in 2018 and was replaced by Holly Willoughby following his drink-drive shame earlier that year.
The 43-year-old decided to take a break from his TV presenting duties to focus on his recovery.
In a statement, he said: "My recovery is going very well and for that to continue having spoken to Dec and ITV, I have made the decision to take the rest of the year off."
Ant returned to his presenting duties in January 2019, just after Holly filled in for him in Australia.
This year's I'm A Celebrity line-up includes the likes of reality TV Caitlyn Jenner , footballer Ian Wright , Girls Aloud star Nadine Coyle , and former EastEnders star Jacqueline Jossa .
However former host Holly won't be tuning in for this evening's episode.
Instead, she will be skipping a night in front of the TV with the rest of the nation to attend the premiere of Frozen 2 in London on Sunday night.
Holly, 38, is more than just a fan of the ITV reality show as she was brought in to replace Ant McPartlin when he took a year out of I'm A Celebrity.
A self-confessed Disney fan, Holly made sure she didn't miss out on being one of the first to see the highly anticipated sequel.
*I'm A Celebrity returns tomorrow AT 9pm on ITV


VILAGE Trademarks and Patens had a internal system responsible for supporting more than 100 employees in 29 cities in their daily routine attending more than 35,000 clients.
The proposition was to rebuild it, since its' last version was made with Bootstrap 2.
The new version it's made following Material Design concepts.
The first need was to comprehend what was called as first layer of the system.
An organogram came out as a result of this study.
To clarify the size of the system, this is the smaller or the 7 modules. And the simpler one.
The Dashboard is the first screen the user sees when logging into the system.
Therefore it contains diverse information regarding many subjects that might be interesting to the user.
One of the sections is Agents.
It's an area with informations about all international agents responsible for making connections between VILAGE and international clients and institutions.
The agent dashboard shows the more important and urgent information as quickly as possible.
Many different dashboards were mades, each to its needs.
Another important feature is to be able to add new information to the system.
infoVILAGE, the other side of the system, the one avaliable to the clients also had to be remade.
Some of its' screens can be seen below.
The Dashboard is the first screen the user sees when logging into the system.
It contains some of the more urgent and needed information to the user.
One of the more problematic functionalities of the first version of the system was the information table.
The standard was to be confusing, compressed and lacking proper visibility to important data.
The new version merges the data table with a search bar, being collapsed or not.
A smaller section of the system contains the user register screen and also the access permissions linked to it.
The main focus of infoVILAGE is to be able to show simple versions of complex informations to user who are not familiarized with many of the terms used.
This screen shows clearly the amount of interaction avaliable, showing a lot of information and also allowing the user to upload and download files.
Results of our researches shows that the user's most deared feature are the reports.
This report shows in a simple way which of the user's trademarks are in what part of its process. Either being approved, rejected and in process.
We have a side menu. It was the best option to save space and optimize the information flow.


BUILD_NUMBER
For example, if you set this field to BUILD_NUMBER, you can access the BUILD_NUMBER value from the script using:
ontrack.branch('PRJ', '1.0').build("1.0-${BUILD_NUMBER}", '')


Collected: 10
Click on a pooper to make it poop
Cost: 10
Cost: 30
Cost: 250
Cost: 1000
Cost: 15
Cost: 300
Many thanks to Quantum for helping set up this masterpiece.
Created by Cthulhu


 When a person goes to a web page like http://www.google.com, their computer sends a HTTP Request to a server.
The server finds the appropriate HTML document and sends it back to the user's computer where a web browser interprets the page and displays it on the user's screen. This website does a good job of explaining more.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML documents form the majority of the content on the web. HTML documents contain text content which describes "what you see" and markup which describes "how it looks". This link directs you to a very informative site for HTML Markup Language (HTML).
HTML documents are made of HTML elements. When writing HTML, we tell browsers the type of each element by using HTML tags. This YouTube video explains the distinction very well.
Computers interpret instructions literally. This makes them very unforgiving since a small mistake by a programmer can cause huge problems in a program.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/SMTLIB.20generation.20and.20semantics.html ---
Is there a library for representing and rendering SMTLIB 2 expressions that is compatible with Lean 3? I'd like to have a library where I can generate SMTLIB (specifically the uninterpreted functions/sorts, bitvectors, and arrays), and express semantically what it means for a set of SMTLIB assertions to be satisfiable from a model-theoretic definition. I can start one, but don't want to duplicate existing work.
We have https://github.com/leanprover/smt2_interface. It should still work, hopefully
Thanks, it looks like this has most of what I'd want. Is this intended to be ported to be compatible with Lean4? I'd like to also define a model theory for SMTLIB. Is that something that you think would be welcome in this repo?
I don't think we have any specific plans for this package, but hopefully it should be quick to port. I don't have any specific thoughts about what should go in the package either, but perhaps it could be a separate package on top of smt2_interface?
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


'Fighting' Oosthuizen wants to put pressure on leading Lombard
by Lynn Butler - Sport24Sun City - Louis Oosthuizen says that he wants to put pressure on tournament leader Zander Lombard heading into the final round of the Nedbank Golf Challenge.
Oosthuizen carded a 1-under 71 to sit tied for second alongside Belgian Thomas Detry at 10-under par after the third round.
And with just one shot separating them, the 2010 Open Championship winner wants the youngster to know that he will be breathing down his neck.
"I need to give myself more chances on the greens and get decent chances for birdies ... and try put a little pressure on him and just keep in play," Oosthuizen told reporters on Saturday in Sun City.
SA's top ranked golfer was treated for kidney stones on the eve of the tournament and despite feeling discomfort on Friday, Oosthuizen stated that he had no issues on the golf course on Saturday.
"My body is feeling great, I had a great rest last night and I felt great this morning so no issues there. I just need to play better," he said.
READ | 'Frustrated' Van Rooyen eager to go low at Sun City
Only 10 South Africans have won the 'Africa's Major' and Oosthuizen is eager to write his name down in the history books.
"This is a tournament growing up as a kid you watched and wanting to have your name on that trophy," he said.
"It would mean a lot but I need to play a bit better tomorrow."
Leading scores after the third round of the European Tour's Nedbank Golf Challenge on Saturday at the par-72 Gary Player Country Club in Sun City (RSA unless noted):
205 - Zander Lombard 68-65-72
206 - Thomas Detry (BEL) 66-71-69, Louis Oosthuizen 63-72-71
208 - Marcus Kinhult (SWE) 69-69-70, Oliver Wilson (ENG) 69-72-67
210 - Joachim B Hansen (DEN) 69-70-71, Mikko Korhonen (FIN) 70-70-70, Aaron Rai (ENG) 70-69-71, Jason Scrivener (AUS) 69-70-71, Lee Westwood (ENG) 68-73-69, Bernd Wiesberger (AUT) 71-69-70


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pbmtowbmp(1) pbmtowbmp(1) NAME pbmtowbmp - convert a portable bitmap to a wireless bitmap (wbmp) file SYNOPSIS pbmtowbmp [pbmfile] DESCRIPTION Reads a portable bitmap as input. Produces a wbmp file as output. LIMITATIONS Currently only WBMP type 0 is generated. This is the only type specified in the WAP 1.1 specifications. SEE ALSO pbm(5), wbmptopbm(1), Wireless Application Environment Specification. AUTHOR Copyright (C) 1999 Terje Sannum<EMAIL_ADDRESS>19 November 1999 pbmtowbmp(1)


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"On January 20, 1992, Air Inter Flight 148 crashed into the Vosges Mountains while approaching Strasbourg Airport in Strasbourg, France. 87 of the 96 crew and passengers on board were killed. So why am I writing about a horrible accident on my programming blog? Because of the cause of the crash."
"On January 20, 1992, Air Inter Flight 148 crashed into the Vosges Mountains while approaching Strasbourg Airport in Strasbourg, France. 87 of the 96 crew and passengers on board were killed. So why am I writing about a horrible accident on my programming blog? Because of the cause of the crash."


139
Search Me, O God, and Know My Heart
TO THE CHOIRMASTER.
Or where shall I flee from your presence?
8 If I ascend to heaven, you are there!
If I make my bed in Sheol, you are there!
9 If I take the wings of the morning
and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea,
10 even there your hand shall lead me,
and your right hand shall hold me.
11 If I say, “Surely the darkness shall cover me,
and the light about me be night,”
12 even the darkness is not dark to you;
the night is bright as the day,
for darkness is as light with you.
13 For you formed my inward parts;
you knitted me together in my mother's womb.
14 I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made.
Wonderful are your works;
my soul knows it very well.
15 My frame was not hidden from you,
when I was being made in secret,
intricately woven in the depths of the earth.
16 Your eyes saw my unformed substance;
in your book were written, every one of them,
the days that were formed for me,
when as yet there were none of them.
17 How precious to me are your thoughts, O God!
How vast is the sum of them!
18 If I would count them, they are more than the sand.
I awake, and I am still with you.
19 Oh that you would slay the wicked, O God!

Try me and know my thoughts!
24 And see if there be any grievous way in me,
and lead me in the way everlasting!


Musicians : wake up!
I left this as a comment somewhere else, in response to someone complaining about how:
"...musicians are asked to just get over the fact that no one pays for music... [it is] my hope that someday more people make the same realization that unless people to help finance records, you'll never get that fantastic song you can't stop listening to all summer."
Hey there. I really disagree that the onus is on the rest of society to solve all musicians' problems. People have been copying my work on the internet for decades now. I'm a computer programmer. We're in exactly the same boat as musicians - probably more so, and have been there for longer. But we manage to get by.
Some programmers attempt to stop copying of their work, but this is rarely successful. Others take a different tack. We've had to adapt. We acknowledge that our work will be routinely pirated on the internet, and we adopt our business model accordingly. We have to make and sell different sizes and types of tools than we were accustomed to making, and sell them through different channels. We have had to find other ways of charging for our work. My own company gives away our software for free. We embrace piracy as inevitable, and use it as a promotional tool.
This is difficult. It is counter-intuitive, grounded as we all are in the scarcity economy of the physical world. It requires us to change our attitudes and outlook and behaviour. Sometimes we fail. We are still figuring out the realities of our markets in a post-internet world. But goddammit we are trying and sometimes we try things and they work. The software business is more diverse and thriving than it ever has been - despite all our work being just as freely copyable (and freely copied) as music.
The financial hardship that musicians are feeling has always been felt by musicians. Copying music on the internet has not made this any worse than it always was. This is simply the cost of choosing to be a musician.
Musicians must adapt, just like programmers have. It saddens me to see so few musicians even try. Is it really true that computer programmers are more flexible and adaptable and imaginative than musicians. Who would have thunk it?
Embracing piracy as a promotional tool can allow bands to make more money on live shows than they have ever made selling records, but still, the majority of musicians sit around, complacent, thinking that the responsibility lies on the rest of society, to put things back the way they were before the internet.
No. I for one refuse. Adapt or die - if you can't make it, someone else will take your place. By definition, that someone will be more adaptable, imaginative, risk-taking and dynamic. Isn't that supposed to be what our creatives are good at?
People will doubtless think I'm being harsh - imposing my tyranny on struggling musicians. But I'm not. When I say "adapt or die", I'm not imposing my will. I'm merely reminding you of reality. If we were talking about a guitarist who couldn't play the guitar, we would all agree that they have put themselves in a bit of a paradoxical situation, and that they must either adapt (learn to play) or die (stop being a guitarist.)
This is how competition works. Competition might seem harsh, but it's best for everyone in the long run. The poor guitarists are eventually persuaded by market realities to stop being guitarists and try being something else. The good guitarists get rewarded, and the standard of music available to the world is increased as a result.
Instead of untalented guitarists, today we are talking about musicians who would like to get paid, but who don't want to expend any energy on figuring out how they will get paid. Can you see the paradoxical situation they have put themselves in? This attitude is entirely understandable and human - I also would enjoy locking myself in my room and making beautiful computer programs which nobody else need ever see. But if I expect to get paid for making computer programs, then I must interface with the reality of the world around me. It's no use me simply wishing that High St stores will start selling my software in shrinkwrapped boxes again - those days are long gone. Instead, I must figure out what programs people want, and produce them in a timely manner at high quality, promote them somehow, and figure out my angle on how I'm going to get people to pay.
It is not too much for us to ask musicians to also have to conform to reality like this. If they want to make money, and the means of making money from music are changing, then they will have to expend a little energy figuring out how they are going to get people to pay. If they don't want to think about that at all, then fine, they won't get paid. Adapt or die, we'll all be better off for it.


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Introduction to
{ggstatsplot}
:
{ggplot2}
Plots with Statistics ] .author[ ### Indrajeet Patil ] ---  --- layout: true # Plan --- - Why `ggstatsplot`? - Primary functions - Customizability - Benefits - Misconceptions - Limitations --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Why *ggstatsplot*? --- layout: true class: center # Raison d'être --- -- .right-column[ .font120[ Current count of packages on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (`CRAN`) **> 19,000** ] ] -- .left-column[ ![](images/y_tho.jpg) ] -- .right-column[.font110[ .content-box-yellow[ In short, `ggstatsplot` returns

 📊 .blue[information-rich] plots with .blue[statistical details], which are
 📝 suitable for .blue[faster] (exploratory) data analysis and scholarly reports ] ] ] --- layout: true class: center # Simpler/faster data analysis workflow --- -- .img-center[ ![](images/ds_workflow.png) ] .footnote[[(Grolemund & Wickham, *R for Data Science*, 2017)](https://r4ds.had.co.nz/)] --

 In a typical *exploratory* data analysis workflow, .blue[data visualization] and .blue[statistical modeling] are two different phases: visualization informs modeling, and modeling can suggest a different visualization, and so on and so forth. -- 💡 The central idea of `ggstatsplot` is simple: combine these two phases into one! --- layout: true class: center # Information-rich graphic is worth a thousand words --- .img-center[ ![](images/datasaurus.gif) ] .footnote[[(Matejka & Fitzmaurice, *Autodesk Research*, 2017)](https://www.autodeskresearch.com/publications/samestats)]

 .blue[Graphical] summaries can reveal problems not visible from .blue[numerical] statistics. --- layout: false class: center # Ready-made plot = no customization -- The .blue[grammar of graphics] is a powerful framework [(Wilkinson, 2011)](https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/iI1kcgAACAAJ?hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGl8rJ2KztAhWyElkFHa8NAvkQre8FMBR6BAgMEAc) and can help you make *any* graphics fitting your specific data visualization needs! But... -- .pull-left[ ![](images/power.jpg) ] .pull-right[ ![](images/cat_trademill.gif) ] -- `\(\sum_{time}\)` (Needed time ↑ + Likelihood to graphical explore data ↓) = Avoidance habit --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # And a LOT more! ...but we will come back to that later 📌 Let's get started first! --- layout: false # Installation -- Install the stable version of `ggstatsplot` from [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggstatsplot/index.html): ```r install.packages("ggstatsplot") ``` -- You can get the development version of the package from [Github](https://github.com/IndrajeetPatil/ggstatsplot): ```r remotes::install_github("IndrajeetPatil/ggstatsplot") ``` -- Load the needed packages- ```r library(ggstatsplot) library(ggplot2) ``` --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Primary functions --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Hypothesis about group differences --- layout: true # ggbetweenstats - For between group comparisons --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggbetweenstats( data = movies_long, x = mpaa, y = rating ) ``` .font70[ Function internally decides tests - *t*-test if `2` groups - ANOVA if `> 2` groups ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ raw data + distributions
 ✅ descriptive statistics
 ✅ inferential statistics
 ✅ effect size + CIs
 ✅ pairwise comparisons
 ✅ Bayesian hypothesis-testing
 ✅ Bayesian estimation ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # ggwithinstats - repeated measures equivalent --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggwithinstats( data = WRS2::WineTasting, x = Wine, y = Taste ) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ raw data + distributions
 ✅ descriptive statistics
 ✅ inferential statistics
 ✅ effect size + CIs
 ✅ pairwise comparisons
 ✅ Bayesian hypothesis-testing
 ✅ Bayesian estimation
 Changing the `type` of test ✅ `"p"` → **parametric**
 ✅ `"np"` → **non-parametric**
 ✅ `"r"` → **robust**
 ✅ `"bf"` → **Bayesian** ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # gghistostats - Distribution of a numeric variable --- -- .left-code[ ```r gghistostats( data = movies_long, x = budget, * test.value = 30 ) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ counts + proportion for bins
 ✅ descriptive statistics
 ✅ inferential statistics
 ✅ effect size + CIs
 ✅ Bayesian hypothesis-testing
 ✅ Bayesian estimation
 Changing the `type` of test ✅ `"p"` → **parametric**
 ✅ `"np"` → **non-parametric**
 ✅ `"r"` → **robust**
 ✅ `"bf"` → **Bayesian** ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # ggdotplotstats - Labeled numeric variable --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggdotplotstats( data = movies_long, x = budget, y = genre, * test.value = 30 ) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ descriptive statistics
 ✅ inferential statistics
 ✅ effect size + CIs
 ✅ Bayesian hypothesis-testing
 ✅ Bayesian estimation
 Changing the `type` of test ✅ `"p"` → **parametric**
 ✅ `"np"` → **non-parametric**
 ✅ `"r"` → **robust**
 ✅ `"bf"` → **Bayesian** ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Hypothesis about correlation --- layout: true # ggscatterstats - Two numeric variables --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggscatterstats( data = movies_long, x = budget, y = rating ) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ joint distribution
 ✅ marginal distributions
 ✅ inferential statistics
 ✅ effect size + CIs
 ✅ Bayesian hypothesis-testing
 ✅ Bayesian estimation
 Changing the `type` of test ✅ `"p"` → **parametric**
 ✅ `"np"` → **non-parametric**
 ✅ `"r"` → **robust**
 ✅ `"bf"` → **Bayesian** ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # ggscatterstats - conditional point tagging --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggscatterstats( data = movies_long, x = budget, y = rating, type = "r", * label.var = title, * label.expression = budget > 150 * & rating > 7.5 ) ``` ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # ggcorrmat - multiple numeric variables --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggcorrmat(dplyr::starwars) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ effect size + significance
 ✅ careful handling of `NA`s Changing the `type` of test ✅ `"p"` → **parametric**
 ✅ `"np"` → **non-parametric**
 ✅ `"r"` → **robust**
 ✅ `"bf"` → **Bayesian** Partial correlations are also supported! Just set `partial=TRUE`. ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Hypothesis of composition of categorical variables --- layout: true # ggpiestats - association between categorical variables --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggpiestats( data = dplyr::filter( movies_long, genre %in% c("Drama", "Comedy") ), x = mpaa, y = genre ) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ descriptive statistics
 ✅ inferential statistics
 ✅ effect size + CIs
 ✅ Goodness-of-fit tests
 ✅ Bayesian hypothesis-testing
 ✅ Bayesian estimation
 ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # ggbarstats - association between categorical variables --- -- .left-code[ ```r ggbarstats( data = dplyr::filter( movies_long, genre %in% c("Drama", "Comedy") ), x = mpaa, y = genre, * label = "both" ) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ descriptive statistics
 ✅ inferential statistics
 ✅ effect size + CIs
 ✅ Goodness-of-fit tests
 ✅ Bayesian hypothesis-testing
 ✅ Bayesian estimation
 ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Hypothesis about regression coefficients --- layout: true # ggcoefstats --- -- .left-code[ ```r # model mod <- lm( formula = rating ~ mpaa, data = movies_long ) # plot ggcoefstats(mod) ``` .font70[ ✏ .blue[Defaults] return
 ✅ estimate + CIs
 ✅ inferential statistics ($t$, `\(z\)`, `\(F\)`, `\(\chi^2\)`)
 ✅ model fit indices (AIC + BIC) Supports all regression models supported in [`{easystats}`](https://easystats.github.io/insight/reference/is_model_supported.html) ecosystem. ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # *grouped_* variants of all functions Running the same function for all levels of a single grouping variable --- layout: true # *grouped_* functions --- -- .left-code[ ```r grouped_ggpiestats( data = mtcars, x = cyl, * grouping.var = am ) ``` .font70[ Available `grouped_` variants - `grouped_ggbetweenstats` - `grouped_ggwithinstats` - `grouped_gghistostats` - `grouped_ggdotplotstats` - `grouped_ggscatterstats` - `grouped_ggcorrmat` - `grouped_ggpiestats` - `grouped_ggbarstats` ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Customizability of *ggstatsplot* "What if I don't like the default plots?" 🤔 --- layout: true # Changing aesthetics (themes + palettes) 🎨 --- Aesthetic preferences not an excuse to avoid `ggstatsplot`! 😻 .left-code[ ```r ggbetweenstats( data = movies_long, x = mpaa, y = rating, * ggtheme = ggthemes::theme_economist(), * palette = "Darjeeling2", * package = "wesanderson" ) ``` .font70[ The default palette is .blue[colorblind-friendly]. ] ] -- .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # Further modification with *ggplot2* 🛠 --- You can modify `ggstatsplot` plots further using `ggplot2` functions. 🎉 -- .left-code[ ```r ggbetweenstats( data = mtcars, x = am, y = wt, type = "bayes" ) + * scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = dup_axis()) ``` .img-left-small[ ![](images/happy_cat.gif) ] ] .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # Too much information 🙈 --- `ggstatsplot` can be used to get .blue[only plots]. -- .left-code[ ```r ggbetweenstats( data = iris, x = Species, y = Sepal.Length, # turn off centrality measure * centrality.plotting = FALSE, # turn off statistical analysis * results.subtitle = FALSE, # turn off Bayesian message * bf.message = FALSE, # turn off pairwise comparisons * pairwise.comparisons = FALSE ) ``` ] .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # Expressions for custom plots 🀄 --- `ggstatsplot` can be used to get .blue[only expressions]. -- .left-code[ ```r results <- ggpiestats( data = Titanic_full, x = Survived, y = Sex, * output = "subtitle" ) *ggiraphExtra::ggSpine( data = Titanic_full, aes(x = Sex, fill = Survived), addlabel = TRUE, interactive = FALSE ) + * labs(subtitle = results) ``` ] .right-plot[  ] --- layout: true # Dataframes --- [`statsExpressions`](https://indrajeetpatil.github.io/statsExpressions/), statistical processing backend for `ggstatsplot`, can provide .blue[dataframes]. -- .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[ ```r library(statsExpressions) # for example one_sample_test( data = mtcars, x = wt, test.value = 3 ) ``` ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Why use *ggstatsplot*? 👍 --- layout: false # Supports different statistical approaches -- Functions | Description | Parametric | Non-parametric | Robust | Bayesian ------- | ------------------ | ---- | ----- | ----| ----- `ggbetweenstats` | Between group comparisons | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ `ggwithinstats` | Within group comparisons | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ `gghistostats`, `ggdotplotstats` | Distribution of a numeric variable | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ `ggcorrmat` | Correlation matrix | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ `ggscatterstats` | Correlation between two variables | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ `ggpiestats`, `ggbarstats` | Association between categorical variables | ✅ | `NA` | `NA` | ✅ `ggpiestats`, `ggbarstats` | Equal proportions for categorical variable levels | ✅ | `NA` | `NA` | ✅ `ggcoefstats` | Regression modeling | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ `ggcoefstats` | Random-effects meta-analysis | ✅ | `NA` | ✅ | ✅ --- layout: false # Toggling between statistical approaches 🔀 -- .pull-left[ **.blue[Parametric]** ```r # anova ggbetweenstats( data = mtcars, x = cyl, y = wt, * type = "p" ) # correlation analysis ggscatterstats( data = mtcars, x = wt, y = mpg, * type = "p" ) # t-test gghistostats( data = mtcars, x = wt, test.value = 2, * type = "p" ) ``` ] -- .pull-right[ **.orange[Non-parametric]** ```r # anova ggbetweenstats( data = mtcars, x = cyl, y = wt, * type = "np" ) # correlation analysis ggscatterstats( data = mtcars, x = wt, y = mpg, * type = "np" ) # t-test gghistostats( data = mtcars, x = wt, test.value = 2, * type = "np" ) ``` ] --- layout: false # Alternative workflow to the following -- .pull-left[ .font90[ .blue[Load 'em up!] 📦 for inferential statistics (e.g. `stats`)
 📦 computing effect size + CIs (e.g. `effectsize`)
 📦 for descriptives (e.g. `skimr`)
 📦 pairwise comparisons (e.g. `multcomp`)
 📦 Bayesian hypothesis testing (e.g. `BayesFactor`)
 📦 Bayesian estimation (e.g. `bayestestR`)
 📦 .
 ] .img-left-small[ ![](images/packages.gif) ] ] -- .pull-right[ .font90[ .blue[Things to worry about] 🤕 🤔 accepts dataframe, vectors, matrix?
 🤔 long/wide format data?
 🤔 works with `NA`s?
 🤔 returns list, dataframe, arrays?
 🤔 works with tibbles?
 🤔 has all necessary details?
 🤔 .
 .img-right-small[ ![](images/monkey.gif) ] ] ] --- layout: false # Results *in context* of the underlying data 🕵 -- .pull-left[ **Standard approach** Pearson's correlation test revealed that, across 142 participants, variable `x` was negatively correlated with variable `y`: `\(t(140)=-0.76, p=.446\)`. The effect size `\((r=-0.06, 95\% CI [-.23,.10])\)` was small, as per Cohen’s (1988) conventions. The Bayes Factor for the same analysis revealed that the data were 5.81 times more probable under the null hypothesis as compared to the alternative hypothesis. This can be considered moderate evidence (Jeffreys, 1961) in favor of the null hypothesis (absence of any correlation between `x` and `y`). ] -- .pull-right[ **`ggstatsplot` approach** ![](images/after_ggstats.PNG) ] --- --- layout: false # Best practices in statistical reporting 🏆 -- ![](images/stats_reporting_format.png) --- layout: false # Avoiding reporting errors -- .content-box-green[ "half of all published psychology papers that use NHST contained at least one *p*-value that was inconsistent with its test statistic and degrees of freedom. One in eight papers contained a grossly inconsistent *p*-value that may have affected the statistical conclusion" [(Nuijten et al., *Behavior Research Methods*, 2016)](https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-015-0664-2) ] -- Since the plot and the statistical analysis are yoked together, the chances of making an error in reporting the results are minimized. -- No need to worry about updating figures and statistical details **separately**. 🔗 --- layout: false # Making sense of null results -- `\(p > 0.05\)`: The null hypothesis (`H0`) can't be rejected But can it be **accepted**?! Null Hypothesis Significance Testing 🤫 -- .content-box-green[ "In 72% of cases, nonsignificant results were misinterpreted, in that the authors inferred that the effect was absent. A Bayesian reanalysis revealed that fewer than 5% of the nonsignificant findings provided strong evidence (i.e., `\(BF_{01} > 10\)`) in favor of the null hypothesis over the alternative hypothesis." [(Aczel et al., *AMPPS*, 2018)](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2515245918773742) ] -- Juxtaposing frequentist and Bayesian statistics for the same analysis helps to properly interpret the null results. --- layout: true # A few other benefits --- -- .content-box-green[ Minimal code needed (`data`, `x`, `y`): minimizes chances of error + tidy scripts. 💅 ] -- .content-box-green[ Disembodied figures stand on their own and are easy to evaluate. 🧐 ] -- .content-box-green[ More breathing room for theoretical discussion and other text. ✍ ] --- layout: true class: center # No more excuses not to explore data! 😉 --- .content-box-yellow[ In summary, the `ggstatsplot` approach-

 (*a*) avoids errors in statistical reporting,

 (*b*) highlights the importance of the effect by providing effect size measures by default,

 (*c*) provides an easy way to evaluate *absence* of an effect using Bayesian framework,

 (*d*) demands to evaluate statistical analysis in the context of the underlying data,

 and is (*e*) easy and (*f*) simple enough that somebody with little coding experience can use it without making an error. ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Misconceptions and limitations --- layout: true # Misconceptions: This package is... --- -- ❌ an alternative to learning `ggplot2`
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 -- ✅ (excellent GUI open-source softwares: [JASP](https://jasp-stats.org/) and [jamovi](https://www.jamovi.org/)) --- layout: true # Limitations of *ggstatsplot* 👎 --- -- .content-box-red[ Limited no. of **plots** and **statistical tests** available. This will **always** be the case. 🤷 ] -- .content-box-red[ Expects a non-trivial level of statistical proficiency (but plots without statistics can still be useful). ] -- .content-box-red[ **Faceting** does not work (since there are no corresponding `geom_` s). For the same reason, plots are not `{gganimate}`-friendly. ] --- layout: true # Overcoming these limitations 👥 --- -- .pull-left[ Contributions (big or small) welcome! ![](images/needs_you.jpg) ] -- .pull-right[ Ways in which you can [contribute](https://github.com/IndrajeetPatil/ggstatsplot) .content-box-purple[ - Star on GitHub (increases visibility) ⭐ - Cite if used in a publication 📝 - Proof-read the documentation 📖 - Raise issues about bugs/features 🐞 - Review code 🕵 - Add new functionality 👨💻 ] ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Acknowledgments -- Developer friends 🙌 [Daniel Lüdecke](https://github.com/strengejacke), [Dominique Makowski](https://github.com/DominiqueMakowski), [Mattan S. Ben-Shachar](https://github.com/mattansb), [Brenton M. Wiernik](https://github.com/bwiernik) -- Support 💰 [Mina Cikara](http://www.intergroupneurosciencelaboratory.com/), [Fiery Cushman](http://cushmanlab.fas.harvard.edu/index.php), [Iyad Rahwan](https://rahwan.me/) -- Community 🙏 Contributors to *ggstatsplot* & *rstats* users and developers --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # More documentation .font100[ 📄 [Publication](https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.03167) 🗃 [Website](https://indrajeetpatil.github.io/ggstatsplot/) 🎥 [Yury Zablotski's YouTube playlist on *ggstatsplot*](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWcjtBkAf6kI13vCpRm08zRarRwIiZ9U) ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # For more .font100[ If you are interested in good programming and software development practices, check out my other [slide decks](https://sites.google.com/site/indrajeetspatilmorality/presentations). ] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # Find me at... .font100[ [🐦 @patilindrajeets](http://twitter.com/patilindrajeets) [💻 @IndrajeetPatil](http://github.com/IndrajeetPatil) [🔗 https://sites.google.com/site/indrajeetspatilmorality/](https://sites.google.com/site/indrajeetspatilmorality/) [📧 patilindrajeet.science<EMAIL_ADDRESS>] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # The End 👋 To access code for these slides, see- <https://github.com/IndrajeetPatil/ggstatsplot_slides/>


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Has anyone been able to get their emon to output data similar to an oscilloscope? I know I can't Serial.print that fast, but I wonder if I were to output a single measurement at a set time like 1ms more than cycle speed. (21ms for 50hz, 17 or 18 for NA 60hz.) I want to compare with an actual Oscope to verify readings are as expected. Does anyone have any experience having done that? I am afraid that my ability to search the forums here hits the snag of too many common words.
Second, I was trying to see if I could report "numberOfSamples" but it seems to be undeclared in this scope, despite my efforts to declare it. Is this A) a useful number for me to see how many times realpower is being calculated? and B, is there a better way?
Details on my project are North American, 120/240 whole house monitoring, aiming for 14 circuits of measurements, and using a spark core as a collection and uploading system. (Kind of like the emon pi shield) .
Since the spark.io unit has a few interesting implementation details I want/need to retrace some development steps from the start to see if I am having any problems. One fun and interesting feature of Spark development is that I can set the output on any Digital or Analog pin so that with a jumper it can be read as an input on another pin. It is an easy way to check that main functions are working. And this can be done while I am at the office and the Core is sitting at home.
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
I've had no trouble printing numberOfSamples to serial, but you have to customise emonLib to do it, because it's local to calcVI( ). (So if you declared it as a global, you'd have two quite independent variables both called "numberOfSamples".) It's useful to see how many samples per cycle you're actually getting, and that in turn is useful when looking for ways to optimise the calculations. But that's all I've used it for, except that this knowledge is useful for answering forum questions about the sample rate.
Writing a value to an unused analogue output might be useful in some circumstances, but it would naturally slow the code and of course change the numberOfSamples. I'm not an Apple user so I can't comment further about Oscope. But am I missing the point? I can't see the purpose of outputting a quantity (which quantity?) in analogue form at 58.82 Hz. What do you have in mind and why?
Or are you looking for something like Robin's Tools?
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
I got number of samples to display (logging to emoncms), but I wonder if you could help me with the details of its output?
I grabbed that # of samples (from "Post Loop Calculations") but no matter the reporting cycle, from 2 seconds up to 30 it just reports back 1484. Maybe I should be grabbing another variable? There is a whole lot of good stuff in Robin's Tools, thanks for sharing that link.
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
Hmmm. "There is a whole lot of good stuff in Robin's Tools, thanks for sharing that link. " You haven't read the 'stickies' at the top of the forums, have you?
I'm afraid you're all mixed up. The code you quote is from calcVI( ), yet the number of samples you're reading is the fixed value from calcIrms( ). You're looking at the wrong piece of code.
CalcVI( ) calculates the real and apparent powers, rms voltage and current over a fixed number of cycles. CalcIrms( ) calculates the rms current over a fixed number of samples (1480 is the default).
I get 530 or 531 from calcVI( ), which is much closer to the expected value of 53 samples per cycle, and represents 2650 sample pairs per second. That's 188 μs per sample and includes all the per-sample processing.
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
You sure have a sweet way with words. Possibly the code is all mixed up. I am using this lib adapted for Spark, and a modified NanodeRF sketch. I am going to start integrating with the emontxV3 to try and stay close to the original project. My code is here.
If you notice how the calcIrms Number_of_Samples is leaking into numberOfSamples I would love to hear where that is happening.
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
No, I normally wouldn't look at much in the general section of a forum. I did find it now and also see that my posts are not showing up so I guess that means I have been flagged for moderation.
*edit - Since this post was not flagged I guess it was the links included in the other post that caused it to be auto flagged.
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
"If you notice how the calcIrms Number_of_Samples is leaking into numberOfSamples I would love to hear where that is happening."
I can't see where that is happening, but at the same time I can't see "samp" either. So I'm not looking at the same code that you posted earlier. So the links to GitHub aren't helping.
But it seems a very strange coincidence that you're reading the number that I would expect at the end of calcIrms( ), when you have calcVI( ) calculating over the same number of cycles as I was and I got 530 sample pairs in 200 ms. 1480 sample pairs tends to imply sampling for 558 ms (assuming the same ADC and clock frequency), and that's a lot more than 10 cycles. Your system frequency would need to be 18 Hz - what is it?
I think you need to write a stripped-down-to-the-bare-minimum sketch to see if you get a sensible number and establish just how many sample pairs you see per cycle. If that's successful, you can start adding bits back and see where the corruption - if indeed that's what it is - is happening.
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
Shoot, I need to add a dev branch to my copy of emonlib for this sort of thing.
I am working with 60hz.
Backing off to almost nothing and then adding thing in bit by bit might be what I have to do. And something I should do as am not clear how things like the PLL work.
Also different hardware will make things interesting. And is a good reason to break thing back down to bare bones to verify data.
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
https://github.com/officeboy/EmonLib/tree/dev-counts/firmware
Re: Double Checking Emon Measurements and speed.
If you're using (or going to be using) a different processor and ADC, all bets are off regarding speed, etc. The core algorithms will of course work without any serious changes.
But which PLL are you referring to? Neither EmonLib nor the basic demo "DiscreteSampling" sketch, on which I think yours is based, use a PLL. The "continuous monitoring" sketches are interrupt-driven, but that's still not the same thing as a PLL. As far as I'm aware, only "Solar PV power diversion with emonTx using a PLL, emonGLCD and temperature measurement" by Martin Roberts, and its derivatives, use a PLL.