I confirm that I’ve saved my paper wallet somewhere very safe and that I will be able to access it again. I also confirm I realize that if I ever lose this paper wallet I will completely lose access to all my Bits. I also confirm that if I let anyone else have this paper wallet I may lose access to all my Bits.
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Hi I am James and I work for ThoughtWorks and i really enjoy writing software
Here are some of my skills
Drop me a line on Github


<learningAssessment>
A Learning Assessment topic presents questions or interactions that measure progress, encourage recollection, and stimulate reinforcement of the learning content, and can be presented before the content as a pre-assessment or as a post-assessment test. The interactions use a sub-set of the Question-Test Interoperability (QTI) specification, implemented as a DITA domain specialization.
Category: Learning and training: topic elements


The master is supposed to be the authoritative, curated version of the project. Commits should only be pushed to master once they've been reviewed, tested, and certified. You want to ensure not only that your commits are functional themselves, but also that they area free of negative side effects. You do this by working in branches, where you can bork up as much as you want without affecting the master.
This doesn't matter so much when you're only building out some personal side project. When you're working on live code in a professional context with a team of developers, though, you want to be absolutely sure you're not breaking existing features, exposing vulnerabilities, or otherwise introducing chaos before committing to master.
Once your commits are ready for primetime, you create a pull request, which is the git way of saying 'submit your contributions.' The owner of the repo then gets to review your changes before accepting the request, which pulls (fetch + merge) your branch back up to the master.


JS and JQuery Flashcards
Terms:
Click on a term to see definition.
JavaScript(JS)
Most common web programming language used to make programs interactive.
Operators
A character that indicates an action (ex: +,-,*, etc.)
Variables
Container meant to store values assigned or label data.
Variable naming conventions
Use Lower camel case; start with a lowercase letter and capitalize any following words.
Functions
Performs an action and returns a result.
Methods
An action that sends message to a piece of data and returns its response.
Arguments
Information passed to the method.
Parameters
A variable that holds an argument passed into methods.
Return
Method's response.
Chaining methods
Immediately calling a method on result of another method.
Strings
Datatype that represents entered text within quotation marks.
Booleans
True or False, not strings.
Undefined
Object or variable with no defined value.
NaN
Not a number.
Escape
Using \\ to allow strings special characters.
Alert
Prints message as a popup.
Comments
Anything following // serves as hidden text for programmers.
jQuery
A library for adding interactability to webpages using javascript.
Attributes
Qualities assigned to elements on html page.
You're Done!
Hooray!


Influenza is a major global public health threat as a result of its highly pathogenic variants, large zoonotic reservoir, and pandemic potential. Metagenomic viral sequencing offers the potential for a diagnostic test for influenza virus which also provides insights on transmission, evolution, and drug resistance and simultaneously detects other viruses. We therefore set out to apply the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing method to metagenomic sequencing of respiratory samples.


Peer-reviewed
2017
Thoemmes, F., Rosseel, Y., & Textor, J. (in press). Local Testing of Structural Equation Models. Psychological Methods.
2016
Coman, E., Thoemmes, F., & Fifield, J. Commentary: Muthèn, B., & Asparouhov, T. (2016). Causal effects in mediation modeling: An introduction with applications to latent variables. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 22(1), 12-23. (in press). Frontiers in Psychology, Section Quantitative Psychology and Measurement.
Thoemmes, F., Liao, W., & Jin, Z. The analysis of the regression-discontinuity design in R (in press). Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics.
Moore, S., & Thoemmes, F. (in press). What is the Biological Reality of G x E Estimates? An Assessment of Bias in Developmental Models. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
Kang, C., Thoemmes, F., & Lust, B. (in press). Effects of SES on Executive Attention in Malay–English bilingual children in Singapore. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition.
Ratner, K., Burrow, A., & Thoemmes, F. (2016). The Effects of Exposure to Objective Coherence on Perceived Meaning in Life: A Preregistered Direct Replication of Heintzelman, Trent, and King (2013). Royal Society Open Science, 3 (11).
Thoemmes, F., & Ong, A. (2016). A primer on inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting and marginal structural models. Emerging Adulthood, 4 (1), 40-59.
2015
Thoemmes, F., & Mohan, K. (2015). Graphical representation of missing data problems. Structural Equation Modeling: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 22 (4), 631-642.
Parker, P., Thoemmes, F., & Salmena-Aro, K. (2015). I wish I had (not) taken a gap-year? The psychological and attainment outcomes of different post-school pathways. Developmental Psychology, 51, 323-333.
Thoemmes, F. (2015). Empirical tests of directional dependence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 39 (6), 560-569.
Thoemmes, F. (2015). M-bias, butterfly-bias, and embedded butterfly-bias: A comment on Ding and Miratrix. Journal of Causal Inference, 3 (2), 253-258.
Thoemmes, F. (2015). Reversing arrows in mediation models does not distinguish plausible models. Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 37 (4), 226-234.
Braver, S., Thoemmes, F., & Rosenthal, B. (2014). Cumulative meta-analysis and replicability. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(3), 333-342.
2014
Thoemmes, F., & Rose, N. (2014). A cautious note on auxiliary variables that can increase bias in missing data problems. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 49 (5), 443-459.
Mayer, A., Thoemmes, F., Rose, N., Steyer, R., & West, S.G. (2014). Theory and analysis of total, direct, and indirect causal effects. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 49 (5), 425-442.
Jonkmann, K., Thoemmes, F., Lüdtke, O., & Trautwein, U. (2014). Personality trait development in young adulthood: The role of living arrangements. Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 683-698.
Tofighi, D., & Thoemmes, F. (2014). Single-level and multilevel mediation analysis. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(1), 93-119.
West, S., Cham, H., Thoemmes, F., Renneberg, B., Weiler, M., Schulze, J. (2014). Propensity scores for equating groups: Basic principles and application in clinical treatment outcome research. Journal of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, 82 (5), 906-915.
2013
Mabry, L., Elliot, D., MacKinnon, D., Thoemmes, F., & Kuehl, K. (2013). Understanding the durability of a fire department wellness program. American Journal of Health Behavior, 37 (5), 693-702.
Zettler, I., Kramer, J., Thoemmes, F., Nagy, G., & Trautwein, U. (2013). Different types of universities and early career success: An exploratory investigation. (Welchen Einfluss hat der Besuch unterschiedlicher Hochschultypen auf den frühen beruflichen Erfolg? Eine explorative Untersuchung). Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 27 (1), 51-62.
2012
Kramer, J., Zettler, I., Thoemmes, F., Nagy, G., & Trautwein, U. (2012). Do different types of universities constitute differential developmental milieus? A propensity score analysis of the effects of university attendance. (Stellen Hochschultypen differentielle Entwicklunsmilieus dar? Eine Propensity-Score-Analyse zu den Effekten des Hochschulbesuchs). Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 15(4), 847-874.
Finan, P., Tennen, H., Thoemmes, F., Zautra, A., & Davis, M. (2012). Ambulatory monitoring in the genetics of psychosomatic medicine. Psychsomatic Medicine, 74(4), 349-355.
Jackson, J., Thoemmes, F., Jonkmann, K., Lüdtke, O., & Trautwein, U. (2012). Military training and personality trait development: Does the military make the man or does the man make the military? Psychological Science, 23(3), 270-277.
2011
Thoemmes, F., & Kim, E.S. (2011). A systematic review of propensity score methods in the social sciences. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46, 90-118.
Thoemmes, F. (2011). Comparison of selected causality theories. (Ausgewählte Kausalitätstheorien im Vergleich.) Das Gesundheitswesen, 73, 880-883.
Thoemmes, F., & West, S.G. (2011). The use of propensity scores for non-randomized designs with clustered data. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46, 514-543.
Clemens, N., Shapiro, E., & Thoemmes, F. (2011). Improving the efficacy of first grade reading screening: An investigation of word identification fluency with other early literacy indicators. School Psychology Quarterly, 26(3), 231-244.
Liew, J., Johnson, A. Y., Smith, T. R., & Thoemmes, F. (2011).  Early Education and Development, 22(4), 549-573.
2010
West, S.G., & Thoemmes, F. (2010). Campbell’s and Rubin’s perspectives on causal Inference. Psychological Methods, 15(1), 18-37.
Thoemmes, F., Reiser, M.R., & MacKinnon, D.P. (2010). Power for complex meditational designs using Monte Carlo Methods. Structural Equation Modeling, 17(3), 510-534.
Hughes, J., Chen, Q., Thoemmes, F., & Kwok, O. (2010). An investigation of the relationship between retention in first grade and performance on high stakes tests in 3rd grade. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 32(2), 166-182.
MacKinnon, D.P., Elliot, D., Thoemmes, F., Kuehl, K., Moe, E., Goldberg, L., Lockhart Burrel, G., & Ranby, K. (2010). Long-term effects of a fire fighter social influence and motivational interviewing health promotion program: The PHLAME (Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Alternative Models’ Effects) Program. American Journal of Public Health, 34(6), 695-706.
West, S.G., Thoemmes, F., & Wu, W. (2010). Book Review: Introduction to structural equation modeling: Using SPSS and AMOS, by Niels J. Blunch. Applied Psychological Measurement, 34(3), 211-213.
2009
Thoemmes, F., West, S.G., & Hill, E. (2009). Abstract: A meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-experimental drug prevention programs. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 44 (6), 854.
Cohen, A. B., Malka, A., Hill, E. D., Thoemmes, F., Hill, P. C., & Sundie, J. M. (2009). Race as a moderator of the relationship between religiosity and political alignment.* Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35*, 271-282.
2008
Conway, L. G., III., Thoemmes, F., Allison, A. M., Hands Towgood, K., Wagner, M. J., Davey, K., Salcido, A., Stovall, A. N., Dodds, D. P., Bongard, K, & Conway, K. R. (2008). Two ways to be complex and why they matter: Implications for attitude strength and lying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1029-1044.
2007
Thoemmes, F. & Conway, L. (2007). Integrative complexity of 41 U.S. presidents. Political Psychology, 28, 193-226.
Other
2015
West, S. G., Cham, H., & Thoemmes, F. (2015). Propensity score analysis. In R. L. Cautin & S. O. Lilienfeld (Eds.), Encyclopedia of clinical psychology. New York, NY: Wiley. doi:10.1002⁄9781118625392.wbecp505.
2014
West, S.G., & Thoemmes, F. (2014). Campbell’s and Rubin’s perspectives on causal Inference. In H. T. Reis (Ed.), Methodological Innovations in Social Psychology. SAGE: Los Angeles.
Mabry, L., Elliot, D.L., Kuehl, K.S., Kuehl, H., Moe, E.L., Goldberg, L., DeFrancesco, C.A., MacKinnon, D.P., Favorite, K.C., & Thoemmes, F. (2014). Adult health education in the workplace: The adoption, benefits, and durability of PHLAME. Proceedings of the Ireland International Conference on Education, Dublin, IR.
2013
Steiner, P. M., Kim, J.-S., & Thoemmes, F. (2013). Matching strategies for observational multilevel data. JSM Proceedings. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. 5020-5032.
2010
Burrel, G., Thoemmes, F., & MacKinnon, D.P. (2010). Graphical assessment of regression to the mean: The Galton Squeeze Plot. SAS GLOBAL USER FORUM 2010 Proceedings, 271.
Braver, S., Thoemmes, F., & Moser, S. (2010). Odds ratio. In N. Salkind. Encyclopedia of research design. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Braver, S., Moser, S., & Thoemmes, F. (2010). Random assignment. In N. Salkind. Encyclopedia of research design. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
2008
West, S.G., & Thoemmes, F. (2008). Equating Groups. In P. Alasuutari, L. Bickman, & J. Brannen. The SAGE handbook of social research methods. London: SAGE.


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Interface for configuration readers that retrieve configuration from various sources and make it available for other components. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| ConfigParams | ReadConfig (string correlationId, ConfigParams parameters) |
| Reads configuration and parameterize it with given values. More... | |
Interface for configuration readers that retrieve configuration from various sources and make it available for other components.
Some IConfigReader implementations may support configuration parameterization. The parameterization allows to use configuration as a template and inject there dynamic values. The values may come from application command like arguments or environment variables.
| ConfigParams PipServices3.Components.Config.IConfigReader.ReadConfig | ( | string | correlationId, |
| ConfigParams | parameters | ||
| ) |
Reads configuration and parameterize it with given values.
| correlationId | (optional) transaction id to trace execution through call chain. |
| parameters | values to parameters the configuration or null to skip parameterization. |
Implemented in PipServices3.Components.Config.YamlConfigReader, PipServices3.Components.Config.JsonConfigReader, PipServices3.Components.Config.MemoryConfigReader, PipServices3.Components.Config.ConfigReader, and PipServices3.Components.Config.CachedConfigReader.


void *vdso = (uintptr_t) getauxval(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR);
Why does the vDSO exist at all? There are some system calls the kernel provides that user-space code ends up using frequently, to the point that such calls can dominate overall performance. This is due both to the frequency of the call as well as the context-switch overhead that results from exiting user space and entering the kernel.
The rest of this documentation is geared toward the curious and/or C library writers rather than general developers. If you're trying to call the vDSO in your own application rather than using the C library, you're most likely doing it wrong.
Note that the terminology can be confusing. On x86 systems, the vDSO function used to determine the preferred method of making a system call is named "__kernel_vsyscall", but on x86_64, the term "vsyscall" also refers to an obsolete way to ask the kernel what time it is or what CPU the caller is on.
One frequently used system call is gettimeofday(2). This system call is called both directly by user-space applications as well as indirectly by the C library. Think timestamps or timing loops or polling---all of these frequently need to know what time it is right now. This information is also not secret---any application in any privilege mode (root or any unprivileged user) will get the same answer. Thus the kernel arranges for the information required to answer this question to be placed in memory the process can access. Now a call to gettimeofday(2) changes from a system call to a normal function call and a few memory accesses.
You must not assume the vDSO is mapped at any particular location in the user's memory map. The base address will usually be randomized at run time every time a new process image is created (at execve(2) time). This is done for security reasons, to prevent "return-to-libc" attacks.
For some architectures, there is also an AT_SYSINFO tag. This is used only for locating the vsyscall entry point and is frequently omitted or set to 0 (meaning it's not available). This tag is a throwback to the initial vDSO work (see History below) and its use should be avoided.
All symbols are also versioned (using the GNU version format). This allows the kernel to update the function signature without breaking backward compatibility. This means changing the arguments that the function accepts as well as the return value. Thus, when looking up a symbol in the vDSO, you must always include the version to match the ABI you expect.
Typically the vDSO follows the naming convention of prefixing all symbols with "__vdso_" or "__kernel_" so as to distinguish them from other standard symbols. For example, the "gettimeofday" function is named "__vdso_gettimeofday".
You use the standard C calling conventions when calling any of these functions. No need to worry about weird register or stack behavior.
find arch/$ARCH/ -name '*vdso*.so*' -o -name '*gate*.so*'
| user ABI | vDSO name |
| aarch64 | linux-vdso.so.1 |
| ia64 | linux-gate.so.1 |
| ppc/32 | linux-vdso32.so.1 |
| ppc/64 | linux-vdso64.so.1 |
| s390 | linux-vdso32.so.1 |
| s390x | linux-vdso64.so.1 |
| sh | linux-gate.so.1 |
| i386 | linux-gate.so.1 |
| x86_64 | linux-vdso.so.1 |
| x86/x32 | linux-vdso.so.1 |
Note that the vDSO that is used is based on the ABI of your user-space code and not the ABI of the kernel. Thus, for example, when you run an i386 32-bit ELF binary, you'll get the same vDSO regardless of whether you run it under an i386 32-bit kernel or under an x86_64 64-bit kernel. Therefore, the name of the user-space ABI should be used to determine which of the sections below is relevant.
For information on this code page, it's best to refer to the kernel documentation as it's extremely detailed and covers everything you need to know: Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt.
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_rt_sigreturn | LINUX_2.6.39 |
| __kernel_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6.39 |
| __kernel_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6.39 |
| __kernel_clock_getres | LINUX_2.6.39 |
For information on this code page,
it's best to refer to the public documentation:
http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=linux-kernel:fixed-code
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_sigtramp | LINUX_2.5 |
| __kernel_syscall_via_break | LINUX_2.5 |
| __kernel_syscall_via_epc | LINUX_2.5 |
The Itanium port is somewhat tricky. In addition to the vDSO above, it also has "light-weight system calls" (also known as "fast syscalls" or "fsys"). You can invoke these via the __kernel_syscall_via_epc vDSO helper. The system calls listed here have the same semantics as if you called them directly via syscall(2), so refer to the relevant documentation for each. The table below lists the functions available via this mechanism.
| function |
| clock_gettime |
| getcpu |
| getpid |
| getppid |
| gettimeofday |
| set_tid_address |
Since it's just a raw page of code, there is no ELF information for doing symbol lookups or versioning. Simply call into the appropriate offset via the branch instruction, for example:
ble <offset>(%sr2, %r0)
| offset | function |
| 00b0 | lws_entry |
| 00e0 | set_thread_pointer |
| 0100 | linux_gateway_entry (syscall) |
| 0268 | syscall_nosys |
| 0274 | tracesys |
| 0324 | tracesys_next |
| 0368 | tracesys_exit |
| 03a0 | tracesys_sigexit |
| 03b8 | lws_start |
| 03dc | lws_exit_nosys |
| 03e0 | lws_exit |
| 03e4 | lws_compare_and_swap64 |
| 03e8 | lws_compare_and_swap |
| 0404 | cas_wouldblock |
| 0410 | cas_action |
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_clock_getres | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_datapage_offset | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_get_syscall_map | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_get_tbfreq | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_getcpu * | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_sigtramp_rt32 | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_sigtramp32 | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_sync_dicache | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_sync_dicache_p5 | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_clock_getres | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_datapage_offset | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_get_syscall_map | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_get_tbfreq | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_getcpu | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_sigtramp_rt64 | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_sync_dicache | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| __kernel_sync_dicache_p5 | LINUX_2.6.15 |
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_clock_getres | LINUX_2.6.29 |
| __kernel_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6.29 |
| __kernel_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6.29 |
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_clock_getres | LINUX_2.6.29 |
| __kernel_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6.29 |
| __kernel_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6.29 |
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_rt_sigreturn | LINUX_2.6 |
| __kernel_sigreturn | LINUX_2.6 |
| __kernel_vsyscall | LINUX_2.6 |
| symbol | version |
| __kernel_sigreturn | LINUX_2.5 |
| __kernel_rt_sigreturn | LINUX_2.5 |
| __kernel_vsyscall | LINUX_2.5 |
| __vdso_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6 (exported since Linux 3.15) |
| __vdso_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6 (exported since Linux 3.15) |
| __vdso_time | LINUX_2.6 (exported since Linux 3.15) |
| symbol | version |
| __vdso_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6 |
| __vdso_getcpu | LINUX_2.6 |
| __vdso_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6 |
| __vdso_time | LINUX_2.6 |
| symbol | version |
| __vdso_clock_gettime | LINUX_2.6 |
| __vdso_getcpu | LINUX_2.6 |
| __vdso_gettimeofday | LINUX_2.6 |
| __vdso_time | LINUX_2.6 |
The documents, examples, and source code in the Linux source code tree:
Documentation/ABI/stable/vdso Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt Documentation/vDSO/* (includes examples of using the vDSO) find arch/ -iname '*vdso*' -o -iname '*gate*'


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JUST IN: NECO dismisses 70 staff for certificate forgery
by Nneoma BENSONON Friday, the management of the National Examinations Council (NECO) announced that it has approved the dismissal of 70 staff for certificate forgery.
In a statement signed by the Head, Information and Public Relations Division, Azeez Sani, the dismissal was a sequel to a report submitted by a management committee constituted to verify the certificates of staff.
“The certificate verification committee carried out its assignment diligently by inviting all staff with questionable credentials to appear before it, during which some staff actually attested that their certificates were fake,” the statement read.
Subsequently, the committee contacted the schools and institutions the affected staff claimed to have attended, but the institutions denied having certificated them.
On the completion of their assignment, the committee submitted its findings to NECO management which later submitted to the governing board of the council.
“At its 17th extraordinary meeting, the governing board vetted the report and approved the dismissal of the affected staff.
“The council under the able leadership of the Acting Registrar/Chief Executive, Abubakar Gana has zero-tolerance for corruption and is poised to sanitise the system as espoused by President Muhammadu Buhari-led administration.
“The dismissal of the 70 staff is the first phase in the series of the on-going staff certificate verification exercise in the Council,” the statement read.


A progressive Node.js framework for building efficient and scalable server-side applications, heavily inspired by Angular.
Application is deployed at Heroku \ Swagger docs for API are served at /api
REDIS_SETUP
environment variable can be set to true
to in order to clean and re calculate the redis state on startup
MONGODB_URI
REDIS_URL
TODO
Nest framework TypeScript starter repository.
$ npm install
# development
$ npm run start
# watch mode
$ npm run start:dev
# production mode
$ npm run start:prod
# unit tests
$ npm run test
# e2e tests
$ npm run test:e2e
# test coverage
$ npm run test:cov
Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors and support by the amazing backers. If you'd like to join them, please read more here.
Nest is MIT licensed.
Generated using TypeDoc


| I l@ve RuBoard |
In this chapter we have learned how to build a functioning Python COM server, and a graphical client application that uses it. This approach uses each language where it's strongest: Python excels at data manipulation and object-oriented development, whereas Visual Basic allows you to build rich, commercial-quality user interfaces. From the user's viewpoint, there's no way to tell she is using Python.
In addition to building the core of an application in Python, this technique offers an easy way to add a small amount of Python functionality to existing applications. For example, if you have a large VB application and want to use a specific Python tool or library, you could wrap it with a COM server and call it from VB.
We have seen examples of the various data types that can be passed back and forth between the two languages: numbers, strings, and arrays. The ability to pass multidimensional arrays allows you to move large amounts of data between the two languages without writing a lot of conversion code. The exact rules on parameter passing are covered later in Chapter 12, but in general it all works as expected with little effort on your part.
Although we focused on VB, the client can be built in many different development tools. We've given an example in Delphi, and we know of people working in other environments such as PowerBuilder.
Although the application so far is technically interesting, it could have been written (with a bit more work) in VB without any of Python's powerful language features. In the next chapter we develop our application further to offer exciting capabilities only Python can provide.
| I l@ve RuBoard |


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import views.html.components.atarsTable @import views.html.components.liabilitiesTable @import views.html.components.correspondenceTable @import views.html.components.miscellaneousTable @import models.request.AuthenticatedRequest @import config.AppConfig @import models.viewmodels.ApplicationTabViewModel @(applicationTabViewModel: ApplicationTabViewModel)(implicit request: AuthenticatedRequest[_], appConfig: AppConfig, messages: Messages)


Keyboard © 2008-2020 thamizha.com and SIL International
This keyboard is designed for the Tamil language, and is an extension of the Tamil 99 standard which has been officially approved by the regional government of Tamil Nadu. It includes more characters on the keyboard than the standard Tamil99 keyboard. Typing follows a consonant-vowel pattern, and the Tamil characters are arranged to make typing simple and fast for users who are familiar with the script. It is designed for use with a normal QWERTY (English) keyboard.
Click here to see other keyboard layouts for Tamil.
This keyboard layout was designed for ease of typing. Characters are arranged on the keyboard according to how frequently they are used. Grantha letters, which are used for typing Sanskrit, are typed using the [S*] key. Short and long vowels appear next to each other. For example, ஆ (q key) is above அ (a key) , and ஓ (x key) is beside ஒ (c key). Characters which normally appear together are also close together on the keyboard.
Most of the characters used in Tamil are combinations of consonants and vowels, and these do not appear on the keyboard. Combined consonant-vowel characters are entered by typing the consonant, then the vowel. To enter ஙா, which is a combination of ங and ஆ, type b then q, and the combinant character will automatically be displayed. Pressing Backspace once will delete only the vowel component, so the character displayed on the screen will change back to ங, and change again if a different vowel is typed.| Language | Phrase | Meaning | Type the following keys |
| Tamil | தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி | "Tamil alphabet" | lks/f ams[[[[vos |
This keyboard uses a consonant-vowel order for text input, so the consonant character is always typed before the vowel, regardless of where (relative to the consonant) the vowel marker symbol appears. As syllables are typed, the characters entered are automatically converted to the appropriate consonant-vowel combinant. While only the combinant characters are displayed on screen, the consonant and vowel are both stored, so that pressing Backspace once after a combinant deletes only the vowel component. This means it is necessary to press Backspace twice to delete a combinant character. However, pressing the Delete key with the cursor in front of a combinant character removes the whole character with one keystroke.
The full Tamil99 keyboard layout consists of the twelve vowels அ ஆ இ ஈ உ ஊ எ ஏ ஐ ஒ ஓ ஔ, the eighteen consonants க ங ச ஞ ட ண த ந ப ம ய ர ல வ ழ ள ற ன, the five Grantha consonants ஸ ஷ ஜ ஹ க்ஷ, the SRii consonant ஸ்ரீ, and the Pulli ் and Aytham ஃ marks. This Extended keyboard also includes keys for the characters ஶ and ்ரீ.
Because the consonants contain the implicit vowel அ, to produce a pure consonant it is necessary to add the Pulli mark ் by typing a lower case f immediately after the consonant. Typing the same consonant twice in a row will also convert the first consonant to a consonant-Pulli combinant. This automatic conversion is then disabled, so that typing the same consonant a third time will not produce a Pulli mark on the second consonant. Thus typing the same consonant repeatedly results in Pulli marks on the first, third, fifth and so on: க்கக்கக்கக்க
Similarly, tying a soft consonant followed by the corresponding hard consonant automatically produces a Pulli mark on the first consonant: ங்க
The first vowel அ is implicit in the consonants, so typing this vowel after a consonant will not display the vowel or change the consonant to a combinant. However, this does de-link the consonant from the next keystroke, so that typing another vowel will result in that vowel being displayed independently, rather than combining with the consonant. This also prevents the Pulli mark being entered.
In general, typing a vowel after anything other than a consonant produces an independent vowel.
This character is entered by typing T. Currently, some browsers do not display this character correctly.
Note: for a complete table of characters and keystrokes, click here.
The following table gives specific examples of how to input characters based on the consonant க. The Grantha consonants, which are entered with [S*] key combinations, use the same input method. Examples of these with the consonant ஜ are also given below.
| Tamil Consonants | Grantha Consonants | |||||||
| Consonant | Vowel/Pulli | Combinant | Keystrokes | Consonant | Vowel/Pulli | Combinant | Keystrokes | |
| க | ் | க் | hf | ஜ | ் | ஜ் | Ef | |
| அ | க | ha | அ | ஜ | Ea | |||
| ஆ | கா | hq | ஆ | ஜா | Eq | |||
| இ | கி | hs | இ | ஜி | Es | |||
| ஈ | கீ | hw | ஈ | ஜீ | Ew | |||
| உ | கு | hd | உ | ஜு | Ed | |||
| ஊ | கூ | he | ஊ | ஜூ | Ee | |||
| எ | கெ | hg | எ | ஜெ | Eg | |||
| ஏ | கே | ht | ஏ | ஜே | Et | |||
| ஐ | கை | hr | ஐ | ஜை | Er | |||
| ஒ | கொ | hc | ஒ | ஜொ | Ec | |||
| ஓ | கோ | hx | ஓ | ஜோ | Ex | |||
| ஔ | கௌ | hz | ஔ | ஜௌ | Ez |
Apart from the Grantha consonants, several other characters are also typed using the [S*] key. These include:
| Character | Keystrokes |
| ௳ (day) | Z |
| ௴ (month) | X |
| ௵ (year) | C |
| ௶ (debit) | V |
| ௷ (credit) | B |
| ௸ (etc.) | D |
| ௹ (Rupee) | A |
| ௺ (numeral) | S |
The caret mark ([S6]) is used to produce various other characters, such as the glyphs used as vowel modifiers. These can be produced by typing the caret mark ^ and then the corresponding vowel. Other characters typed in combination with ^ are given in the table:
| Character | Keystrokes |
| ‘ | ^7 |
| ’ | ^8 |
| “ | ^9 |
| ” | ^0 |
| © | ^[SC] |
| • | ^. |
| ^ | ^^ |
The following chart lists all the characters available with this keyboard. Below each character are the keystrokes required to type it.
| \ Vowels Consonants\ |
் f |
அ a |
ஆ q |
இ s |
ஈ w |
உ d |
ஊ e |
எ g |
ஏ t |
ஐ r |
ஒ c |
ஓ x |
ஔ z |
| க h |
க் hf |
க ha |
கா hq |
கி hs |
கீ hw |
கு hd |
கூ he |
கெ hg |
கே ht |
கை hr |
கொ hc |
கோ hx |
கௌ hz |
| ங b |
ங் bf |
ங ba |
ஙா bq |
ஙி bs |
ஙீ bw |
ஙு bd |
ஙூ be |
ஙெ bg |
ஙே bt |
ஙை br |
ஙொ bc |
ஙோ bx |
ஙௌ bz |
| ச [ |
ச் [[f |
ச [[a |
சா [[q |
சி [[s |
சீ [[w |
சு [[d |
சூ [[e |
செ [[g |
சே [[t |
சை [[r |
சொ [[c |
சோ [[x |
சௌ [[z |
| ஞ ] |
ஞ் ]f |
ஞ ]a |
ஞா ]q |
ஞி ]s |
ஞீ ]w |
ஞு ]d |
ஞூ ]e |
ஞெ ]g |
ஞை ]t |
ஞை ]r |
ஞொ ]c |
ஞோ ]x |
ஞௌ ]z |
| ட o |
ட் of |
ட oa |
டா oq |
டி os |
டீ ow |
டு od |
டூ oe |
டெ og |
டே ot |
டை or |
டொ oc |
டோ ox |
டௌ oz |
| ண p |
ண் pf |
ண pa |
ணா pq |
ணி ps |
ணீ pw |
ணு pd |
ணூ pe |
ணெ pg |
ணே pt |
ணை pr |
ணொ pc |
ணோ px |
ணௌ pz |
| த l |
த் lf |
த la |
தா lq |
தி ls |
தீ lw |
து ld |
தூ le |
தெ lg |
தே lt |
தை lr |
தொ lc |
தோ lx |
தௌ lz |
| ந ; |
ந் ;f |
ந ;a |
நா ;q |
நி ;s |
நீ ;w |
நு ;d |
நூ ;e |
நெ ;g |
நே ;t |
நை ;r |
நொ ;c |
நோ ;x |
நௌ ;z |
| ப j |
ப் jf |
ப ja |
பா jq |
பி js |
பீ jw |
பு jd |
பூ je |
பெ jg |
பே jt |
பை jr |
பொ jc |
போ jx |
பௌ jz |
| ம k |
ம் kf |
மா ka |
மா kq |
மி ks |
ம்மீ kw |
மு kd |
மூ ke |
மெ kg |
மே kt |
மை kr |
மொ kc |
மோ kx |
மௌ kz |
| ய ' |
ய் 'f |
ய 'a |
யா 'q |
யி 's |
யீ 'w |
யு 'd |
யூ 'e |
யெ 'g |
யே 't |
யை 'r |
யொ 'c |
யோ 'x |
யௌ 'z |
| ர m |
ர் mf |
ர ma |
ரா mq |
ரி ms |
ரீ mw |
ரு md |
ரூ me |
ரெ mg |
ரே mt |
ரை mr |
ரொ mc |
ரோ mx |
ரௌ mz |
| ல n |
ல் nf |
ல na |
லா nq |
லி ns |
லீ nw |
லு nd |
லூ ne |
லெ ng |
லே nt |
லை nr |
லொ nc |
லோ nx |
லௌ nz |
| வ v |
வ் vf |
வ va |
வா vq |
வி vs |
வீ vw |
வு vd |
வூ ve |
வெ vg |
வே vt |
வை vr |
வொ vc |
வோ vx |
வௌ vz |
| ழ / |
ழ் /f |
ழ /a |
ழா /q |
ழி /s |
ழீ /w |
ழு /d |
ழூ /e |
ழெ /g |
ழே /t |
ழை /r |
ழொ /c |
ழோ /x |
ழௌ /z |
| ள y |
ள் yf |
ள ya |
ளா yq |
ளி ys |
ளீ yw |
ளு yd |
ளூ ye |
ளெ yg |
ளே yt |
ளை yr |
ளொ yc |
ளோ yx |
ளௌ yz |
| ற u |
ற் uf |
ற ua |
றா uq |
றி us |
றீ uw |
று ud |
றூ ue |
றெ ug |
றே ut |
றை ur |
றொ uc |
றோ ux |
றௌ uz |
| ன i |
ன் if |
ன ia |
னா iq |
னி is |
னீ iw |
னு id |
னூ ie |
னெ ig |
னே it |
னை ir |
னொ ic |
னோ ix |
னௌs iz |
| Grantha Consonants | |||||||||||||
| ஜ E |
ஜ் Ef |
ஜ Ea |
ஜா Eq |
ஜி Es |
ஜீ Ew |
ஜு Ed |
ஜூ Ee |
ஜெ Eg |
ஜே Et |
ஜை Er |
ஜொ Ec |
ஜோ Ex |
ஜௌ Ez |
| ஷ W |
ஷ் Wf |
ஷ Wa |
ஷா Wq |
ஷி Ws |
ஷீ Ww |
ஷு Wd |
ஷூ We |
ஷெ Wg |
ஷே Wt |
ஷை Wr |
ஷொ Wc |
ஷோ Wx |
ஷௌ Wz |
| ஸ Q |
ஸ் Qf |
ஸ Qa |
ஸா |
ஸி Qs |
ஸீ Qw |
ஸு Qd |
ஸூ Qe |
ஸெ Qg |
ஸே Qt |
ஸை Qr |
ஸொ Qc |
ஸோ Qx |
ஸௌ Qz |
| ஹ R |
ஹ் Rf |
ஹ Ra |
ஹா Rq |
ஹி Rs |
ஹீ Rw |
ஹு Rd |
ஹூ Re |
ஹெ Rg |
ஹே Rt |
ஹை Rr |
ஹொ Rc |
ஹோ Rx |
ஹௌ Rz |
| க்ஷ Y |
க்ஷ் Yf |
க்ஷ Ya |
க்ஷா Yq |
க்ஷி Ys |
க்ஷீ Yw |
க்ஷு Yd |
க்ஷூ Ye |
க்ஷெ Yg |
க்ஷே Yt |
க்ஷை Yr |
க்ஷொ Yc |
க்ஷோ Yx |
க்ஷௌ Yz |
| Other Characters | ஶ U |
ஶ்ரீ I |
ஸ்ரீ் T |
ஃ F |
௳ Z |
௴ X |
௵ C |
௶ V |
௷ B |
௸ D |
௹ A |
௺ S |
/ M |
| " K |
: L |
; : |
' " |
‘ ^7 |
’ ^8 |
“ ^9 |
” ^0 |
© ^c |
• ^. |
^ ^^ |
[ O |
] P |
Some of the fonts included with Windows do not include all the Tamil characters that are available with this keyboard. In order to display every character correctly, we recommend you download and install Tamil fonts.
If the characters you type or those on the On Screen Keyboard do not appear to display correctly, please read the KeymanWeb troubleshooting guide.
If the preceding consonant does not change to a vowel-consonant combinant character when you type a vowel, confirm that you have not typed a Pulli mark ், which identifies the consonant as a pure consonant, or the first vowel அ, which identifies the consonant as the implicit-vowel consonant. Typing either of these after a consonant will prevent that consonant from changing to a combinant character.
It is recommended that you use an English QWERTY hardware keyboard with this keyboard.
This keyboard complies with Unicode 5.2
This keyboard was created by Mugunth (mugunth@gmail.com), Umar<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and K. Sethu (skhome@gmail.com). For more information about keyboards produced by these developers, see http://thamiza.com. Tavultesoft gratefully acknowledges the contribution made by the authors in developing this keyboard and making it freely available for use with Keyman Desktop and KeymanWeb. Their effort assists in enabling people to communicate in their own language.


This example shows how to use the @EJB annotation in a bean class to refer to other beans.
This functionality is often referred as dependency injection, and has been introduced in Java EE 5.
In this particular example, we will create two session stateless beans:
The DataReader bean uses the DataStore to retrieve some informations, and we will see how we can, inside the DataReader bean, get a reference to the DataStore bean using the @EJB annotation, thus avoiding the use of the JNDI API.
The source for this example is the "injection-of-ejbs" directory located in the openejb-examples.zip available on the download page.
In this example we develop two simple session stateless beans (DataReader and DataStore), and show how we can use the @EJB annotation in one of these beans to get the reference to the other session bean
Note the usage of the @EJB annotation on the DataStoreRemote and DataStoreLocal fields. This is the minimum required for EJB ref resolution. If you have two beans that implement the same business interfaces, you'll want to the beanName attribute as follows:
@EJB(beanName = "DataStoreImpl")
private DataStoreRemote dataStoreRemote;
@EJB(beanName = "DataStoreImpl")
private DataStoreLocal dataStoreLocal;
(The remote business interface is not shown for the sake of brevity).
Writing an unit test for this example is quite simple. We need just to write a setup method to create and initialize the InitialContext, and then write our test methods
Running the example is fairly simple. In the "injection-of-ejbs" directory of the examples zip , just run:
$ mvn clean install
Which should create output like the following.
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running org.superbiz.injection.EjbDependencyTest
Apache OpenEJB 3.0 build: 20080408-04:13
http://tomee.apache.org/
INFO - openejb.home =
/Users/dblevins/work/openejb-3.0/examples/injection-of-ejbs INFO - openejb.base = /Users/dblevins/work/openejb-3.0/examples/injection-of-ejbs INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service) INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager) INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default JDK 1.3 ProxyFactory, type=ProxyFactory, provider-id=Default JDK 1.3 ProxyFactory) INFO - Found EjbModule in classpath: /Users/dblevins/work/openejb-3.0/examples/injection-of-ejbs/target/classes INFO - Configuring app: /Users/dblevins/work/openejb-3.0/examples/injection-of-ejbs/target/classes INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Stateless Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Stateless Container) INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean DataReaderImpl: Container(type=STATELESS, id=Default Stateless Container) INFO - Loaded Module: /Users/dblevins/work/openejb-3.0/examples/injection-of-ejbs/target/classes INFO - Assembling app: /Users/dblevins/work/openejb-3.0/examples/injection-of-ejbs/target/classes INFO - Jndi(name=DataReaderImplLocal) --> Ejb(deployment-id=DataReaderImpl) INFO - Jndi(name=DataReaderImplRemote) --> Ejb(deployment-id=DataReaderImpl) INFO - Jndi(name=DataStoreImplLocal) --> Ejb(deployment-id=DataStoreImpl) INFO - Jndi(name=DataStoreImplRemote) --> Ejb(deployment-id=DataStoreImpl) INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=DataReaderImpl, ejb-name=DataReaderImpl, container=Default Stateless Container) INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=DataStoreImpl, ejb-name=DataStoreImpl, container=Default Stateless Container) INFO - Deployed Application(path=/Users/dblevins/work/openejb-3.0/examples/injection-of-ejbs/target/classes) Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.705 sec
Results :
Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0


Here's why you should give working with me a go: My work and objectives are derived from the simplicity of nature itself, and minimalism; Many perhaps associate the work of designer to be rather technical of nature While this may be partially true - my work boils down to a key aspect; simplicity


From our family especially to you, we need you to know that you will be getting cookies made with the best ingredients from our farms from the wheat till the chocolate cause you are from our family! and we wouldn't feed our family anything less! Don't worry about the name it's just a shape! There is nothing smell or taste fishy here! Come on in and see all the amazing things here!
| Hours | location | address |
|---|---|---|
| 6am - 7pm | Seattle | Hangry Panda street |
| 6am - 7pm | Tokyo | Ikayaki street |
| 6am - 7pm | Dubai | Meena Bazaar street |
| 6am - 7pm | Paris | RUE MOUFFETARD street |
| 6am - 7pm | Lima | La Lucha Sangucheria street |


StoreAccessObserver
public class StoreAccessObserver: NSObject
StoreAccessObserver
observes StoreAccess
state. Client may react to state change of it’s interest by providing handler closure.
-
A block that takes no parameters and returns nothing
Declaration
Swift
public typealias EmptyBlock = (() -> Void)
-
A block with Error parameter.
Declaration
Swift
public typealias ErrorBlock = ((Error) -> Void)
-
A block with String parameter.
Declaration
Swift
public typealias StringBlock = ((String) -> Void)
-
A block with SKError? parameter.
Declaration
Swift
public typealias SKErrorBlock = ((SKError?) -> Void)
-
Store Access
state has changed to .unknownDeclaration
Swift
public var unknownStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .requestingProductsDeclaration
Swift
public var requestingProductsStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .receivedProductsDeclaration
Swift
public var receivedProductsStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .requestForProductsFailedDeclaration
Swift
public var requestForProductsFailedStateHandler: ErrorBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .purchaseAttemptDeclaration
Swift
public var purchaseAttemptStateHandler: StringBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .cannotMakePaymentsDeclaration
Swift
public var cannotMakePaymentsStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .purchasingStateDeclaration
Swift
public var purchasingStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .purchasedStateDeclaration
Swift
public var purchasedStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .restoringPurchasesDeclaration
Swift
public var restoringPurchasesStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .restoredPurchasesDeclaration
Swift
public var restoredPurchasesStateHandler: EmptyBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .purchaseFailedDeclaration
Swift
public var purchaseFailedStateHandler: SKErrorBlock?
-
Store Access
state has changed to .purchaseDeferredDeclaration
Swift
public var purchaseDeferredStateHandler: EmptyBlock?


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Content page example - NHS.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Some services do not allow people to enter and act on someone else's behalf
" }) }}We can tell you if any of these services change and let you add someone to act on your behalf.
Notify me when services are updated


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %} Something went wrong :( You must provide your name and bearer token! {% endblock %}


{% extends "header.html" %} {% block body %}
While it is not the immediate goal for this project, sometimes you may want to create a floor, ground, ceiling, or wall in your OpenGL game with Python. Here, I will show you how you might go about doing that.
If you recall how we made our cubes, we specified the four vertices that we wanted to color in, and that was it. Creating a wall of some sort is done the very same way. Just specify the vertices.
So, to begin, we'll need to know what makes up the surface, where those vertices are, and then actually draw them with OpenGL.
First:
ground_surfaces = (0,1,2,3)
Not totally necessary here, since we could just create a for loop with range, but I figured I should keep the same structure as before to not confuse anyone. So, 0,1,2, and 3 are the vertices that will make up our ground. We're using those vertices from a ground_vertices tuple:
ground_vertices = ( (-10,-0.1,50), (10,-0.1,50), (-10,-0.1,-300), (10,-0.1,-300), )
Finally, we're ready to actually create the ground:
def Ground(): glBegin(GL_QUADS) x = 0 for vertex in ground_vertices: x+=1 glColor3fv((0,1,1)) glVertex3fv(vertex) glEnd()
Easy enough! Now, as with any graphics rendering, keep in mind the order that you draw things. You should probably draw the ground last. If you had a character, then you'd probably draw the ground, then the character last. Why is this?
If you draw the ground first, then draw the cubes, imagine there is a cube beyond the "wall." In that case, that cube that should be "beyond" the wall will still appear, just look small or something, it will immediately disorient the user, and look just plain wrong, because it is!
I've also gone ahead and placed all of the cubes on that "ground." This version of the game is actually quite close to our original 2D game. You could take this one further. This one will use far less processing than our eventual version, and may be a better theory for web-based games, or phone applications.
Here's my full version of the code (note the changes about where cubes are rendered so they are rendered on the ground):
import pygame from pygame.locals import * from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.GLU import * import random vertices = ( (1, -1, -1), (1, 1, -1), (-1, 1, -1), (-1, -1, -1), (1, -1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (-1, -1, 1), (-1, 1, 1) ) edges = ( (0,1), (0,3), (0,4), (2,1), (2,3), (2,7), (6,3), (6,4), (6,7), (5,1), (5,4), (5,7) ) surfaces = ( (0,1,2,3), (3,2,7,6), (6,7,5,4), (4,5,1,0), (1,5,7,2), (4,0,3,6) ) colors = ( (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (1,1,1), (0,1,1), (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1), (1,0,0), (1,1,1), (0,1,1), ) ground_surfaces = (0,1,2,3) ground_vertices = ( (-10,-0.1,50), (10,-0.1,50), (-10,-0.1,-300), (10,-0.1,-300), ) def Ground(): glBegin(GL_QUADS) x = 0 for vertex in ground_vertices: x+=1 glColor3fv((0,1,1)) glVertex3fv(vertex) glEnd() def Cube(): glBegin(GL_QUADS) for surface in surfaces: for vertex in surface: x+=1 glColor3fv(colors[x]) glVertex3fv(vertices[vertex]) glEnd() glBegin(GL_LINES) for edge in edges: for vertex in edge: glVertex3fv(vertices[vertex]) glEnd() def set_vertices(max_distance): x_value_change = random.randrange(-5,5) y_value_change = 0#random.randrange(-10,10) z_value_change = random.randrange(-1*max_distance,-20) new_vertices = [] for vert in vertices: new_vert = [] new_x= vert[0] + x_value_change new_y= vert[1] + y_value_change new_z= vert[2] + z_value_change new_vert.append(new_x) new_vert.append(new_y) new_vert.append(new_z) new_vertices.append(new_vert) return new_vertices def Cubes(new_vertices): glBegin(GL_QUADS) for surface in surfaces: x = 0 for vertex in surface: x+=1 glColor3fv(colors[x]) glVertex3fv(new_vertices[vertex]) glEnd() # CUT LINES BC THEY HURT PROCESSING ## glBegin(GL_LINES) ## for edge in edges: ## for vertex in edge: ## glVertex3fv(new_vertices[vertex]) ## glEnd() def main(): pygame.init() display = (800,600) pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL) gluPerspective(45, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 150.0) glTranslatef(random.randrange(-5,5),0, -20) x_move = 0 y_move = 0 max_distance = 300 cube_dict = {} for x in range(60): cube_dict[x] = set_vertices(max_distance) object_passed = False while not object_passed: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() quit() if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: x_move = 0.3 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: x_move = -0.3 if event.key == pygame.K_UP: y_move = -0.3 if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: y_move = 0.3 if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: x_move = 0 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: x_move = 0 if event.key == pygame.K_UP: y_move = 0 if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: y_move = 0 x = glGetDoublev(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX) camera_x = x[3][0] camera_y = x[3][1] camera_z = x[3][2] glTranslatef(x_move,y_move,3) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) Ground() for each_cube in cube_dict: Cubes(cube_dict[each_cube]) pygame.display.flip() main()


--- layout: documentation title: ReactiveX - Subscribe operator id: subscribe ---
The Subscribe operator is the glue that connects an observer to an Observable. In order for an observer to see the items being emitted by an Observable, or to receive error or completed notifications from the Observable, it must first subscribe to that Observable with this operator.
A typical implementaiton of the Subscribe operator may accept one to three
methods (which then constitute the observer), or it may accept an object (sometimes called an
Observer
or Subscriber
) that implements the interface which includes those three
methods:
onNext
onError
onNext
or onCompleted
. The onError
method takes as its parameter
an indication of what caused the error (sometimes an object like an Exception or Throwable, other times
a simple string, depending on the implementation).onCompleted
onNext
for the final time, if it has not
encountered any errors.An Observable is called a “cold” Observable if it does not begin to emit items until an observer has subscribed to it; an Observable is called a “hot” Observable if it may begin emitting items at any time, and a subscriber may begin observing the sequence of emitted items at some point after its commencement, missing out on any items emitted previously to the time of the subscription.
TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator RxCpp subscribe %}TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator RxGroovy BlockingObservable.forEach forEach subscribe %}
RxGroovy implements several variants of subscribe
.
If you pass it no parameters, it will trigger a subscription to the underlying Observable, but will ignore its emissions and notifications. This will activate a cold Observable.
You can also pass it between one and three functions; these will be interpreted as follows:
onNext
onNext
and onError
onNext
, onError
, and onCompleted
Finally, you can pass it an object that implements either of the Observer
or
Subscriber
interfaces. The Observer
interface consists of the three
previously-described “on
” methods. The Subscriber
interface
implements these also, and adds a number of additional methods that facilitate reactive pull backpressure
and that permit the Subscriber to unsubscribe to an Observable before it completes.
The call to subscribe
returns an object that implements the Subscription
interface. This interface includes the unsubscribe
method that you can call at any time
to sever the subscription that subscribe
established between the Observable and the observer
(or the methods that stand in for the observer).
subscribe()
subscribe(Action1)
subscribe(Action1,Action1)
subscribe(Action1,Action1,Action0)
subscribe(Observer)
subscribe(Subscriber)
The forEach
operators are simpler versions of subscribe
. You can pass them
between one and three functions, which will be interpreted as follows:
onNext
onNext
and onError
onNext
, onError
, and onCompleted
Unlike subscribe
, forEach
does not return an object with which you can cancel
the subscription. Nor do you have the option of passing a parameter that has this capability. So you should
only use this operator if you definitely need to operate on all of the emissions and notifications from the
Observable.
forEach(Action1)
forEach(Action1,Action1)
forEach(Action1,Action1,Action0)
RxJava implements several variants of subscribe
.
If you pass it no parameters, it will trigger a subscription to the underlying Observable, but will ignore its emissions and notifications. This will activate a cold Observable.
You can also pass it between one and three functions; these will be interpreted as follows:
onNext
onNext
and onError
onNext
, onError
, and onCompleted
Finally, you can pass it an object that implements either of the Observer
or
Subscriber
interfaces. The Observer
interface consists of the three
previously-described “on
” methods. The Subscriber
interface
implements these also, and adds a number of additional methods that facilitate reactive pull backpressure
and that permit the Subscriber to unsubscribe to an Observable before it completes.
The call to subscribe
returns an object that implements the Subscription
interface. This interface includes the unsubscribe
method that you can call at any time
to sever the subscription that subscribe
established between the Observable and the observer
(or the methods that stand in for the observer).
subscribe()
subscribe(Action1)
subscribe(Action1,Action1)
subscribe(Action1,Action1,Action0)
subscribe(Observer)
subscribe(Subscriber)
The forEach
operators are simpler versions of subscribe
. You can pass them
between one and three functions, which will be interpreted as follows:
onNext
onNext
and onError
onNext
, onError
, and onCompleted
Unlike subscribe
, forEach
does not return an object with which you can cancel
the subscription. Nor do you have the option of passing a parameter that has this capability. So you should
only use this operator if you definitely need to operate on all of the emissions and notifications from the
Observable.
forEach(Action1)
forEach(Action1,Action1)
forEach(Action1,Action1,Action0)
TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator RxJS forEach subscribe subscribeOnCompleted subscribeOnError subscribeOnNext %}In RxJS, you can subscribe to an Observable in two ways:
onNext
, the onCompleted
, or
onError
notifications from an Observable, with subscribeOnNext
,
subscribeOnCompleted
, or subscribeOnError
respectivelysubscribe
or forEach
operator (those operators
behave identically).var source = Rx.Observable.range(0, 3) var subscription = source.subscribeOnNext( function (x) { console.log('Next: %s', x); });
Next: 0 Next: 1 Next: 2
var source = Rx.Observable.range(0, 3); var subscription = source.subscribeOnCompleted( function () { console.log('Completed'); });
Completed
var source = Rx.Observable.throw(new Error()); var subscription = source.subscribeOnError( function (err) { console.log('Error: %s', err); });
Error: Error
var observer = Rx.Observer.create( function (x) { console.log('Next: %s', x); }, function (err) { console.log('Error: %s', err); }, function () { console.log('Completed'); }); var source = Rx.Observable.range(0, 3) var subscription = source.subscribe(observer);
Next: 0 Next: 1 Next: 2 Completed
var source = Rx.Observable.range(0, 3) var subscription = source.subscribe( function (x) { console.log('Next: %s', x); }, function (err) { console.log('Error: %s', err); }, function () { console.log('Completed'); });
Next: 0 Next: 1 Next: 2 Completed
The functions described in this section are all found in each of the following distributions:
rx.js
rx.all.js
rx.all.compat.js
rx.compat.js
rx.lite.js
rx.lite.compat.js
TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator Rx.NET ForEach Subscribe %}TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator RxPY BlockingObservable.for_each subscribe %}TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator Rx.rb subscribe %}TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator RxScala BlockingObservable.foreach forEach subscribe %}TBD
{% endlang_operator %} {% lang_operator RxSwift subscribe %}TBD
{% endlang_operator %}


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block main %}
The latest update has brought some changes to the database and your current db is incompatible.
This will upgrade the database to work with the recent update.
The wizard will create a backup, so don't worry! You will find the
backup in the labertasche root directory under /backup/v{{ prev_version }}.zip.
Please do not reload this page during the process!
This update has already run. Please return to the dashboard.
{% endif %}


Cold Crescent Interactive has a strong track record on delivering versatile products for its partners and customers. Working in consultation with designers and enterprise operations staff, we deliver creative, value-oriented solutions. These are some of our success stories.
↼
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With a strong passion in technology, innovation & design, I'm pursuing my masters in Technology Management at Columbia University.
Participating in several innovation challenges and competitions in college has enabled me to practice leadership & design thinking, not only to solve my problems but to positively influence and help others with theirs.
Quality deck design, consultations to upgrading your visual presentations.
I design & build beautiful, effective flyers and social media posts.
Let's work together to create your next stunning logo for your business.
I will beautifully edit your videos to meet your specifications.


Government warns comedians Eric Omondi and Mammito after controversial act
by brian orutaHere comes Trouble!
Comedians Eric Omondi and Churchill show’s Mammito have been warned by the Government after they shot a video with Kenya Scouts Association (KSA) uniform.
In a statement, KSA Chief Commissioner Victor Radido said that Eric, Mammito and Mc Antonio who are seen wearing the uniform showed high misuse of the scout uniform, which taints the reputation of the organization.
Radido pointed out that the comedians’ actions painted the association as an armed militia organization, and wearing the uniform without a scarf was an act of indiscipline.
“Our attention has been drawn to the photo above of renowned Kenyan comedians in Scout Uniform. While the Association encourages and promotes arts and creativity, the use of sacred Scout gear such as badges and Uniform is highly protected and must not be used inappropriately,” read the statement in part.
Apologize
The Scouts Association called on the three comedians to apologize and pull down any pictures or videos they uploaded online, adding that the uniform is protected by law just like those of disciplined forces, and misuse attracts disciplinary actions.
“In view of the above, we call upon the pictured artists (Eric Omondi, Mammito and one more), who are great young leaders and role models in our country, and also in the interest of their brothers, sisters and fans, to apologize (Online) and pull down the images and related footages, and not to reuse them thereafter (Effective 22nd November 2019). The Association remains open to collaborate with them, and others, so as to effectively leverage on their passion, talent and great following to promote Scouting and good values in pour communities,” said Radido.
Statement
Scout Uniform
Eric Omondi, Mammito and Mc Antonio rocked the Scout Uniform as they recorded a skit that showed how the Mau Mau Freedom Fighters fought, which was uploaded a day before Mashujaa Day (October 19).
The three were in possession of toy guns fighting their opponents in a forest.
Eric Omondi speaks
Pulse Live reached out to Eric Omondi who stated that the video's intention was to celebrate Kenya's real heroes (Mashujaa) and to remind them of where they had come from, in a comical way.
He also pointed out that he does not understand how KSA came to that conclusion, because they only celebrated in their uniform.
"Intention ya hio clip ilikuwa simple unaona venye watu wanasema Mashujaa day sisi hucelebrate our athletes, our mothers. The real intention was to celebrate the real shujaas. So, ilikuwa tu kukumbusha Wakenya tumetoka wapi na nini ilihappen, Mau Mau walipitia nini but in a comical way so that you also celebrate. Tucheke, tukumbuke and we celebrate. How that connects sielewi but it’s a very positive thing for everyone, me, the nation and even the scouts. We only celebrated with their uniform," said Eric Omondi.


Hi
I had to halt all systems for some electrical work. When I restarted my test Pi running emonhub I noticed it was not posting to emoncms.org.
I stopped and started the emonhub service and looked at the log with this result:-
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/share/emonhub/emonhub.py", line 338, in <module>
hub.run()
File "/usr/share/emonhub/emonhub.py", line 90, in run
values = I.read()
File "/home/pi/emonhub/src/emonhub_interfacer.py", line 509, in read
return self._process_frame(f, t)
File "/home/pi/emonhub/src/emonhub_interfacer.py", line 101, in _process_frame
validated = self._validate_frame(ref, frame)
File "/home/pi/emonhub/src/emonhub_interfacer.py", line 531, in _validate_fram e
self.rssi = int(received[-1][1:-1])
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '8F'
Regards
Ian
Re: Error on restarting PI with emonhub
Hi Ian
Can you show us the log leading up to this error? It would be good to at least see the frames arriving from the rfm2pi immediately prior to the error.
line 531 "self.rssi = int(received[-1][1:-1])" is inside an if function that tests if the last item in the list is in parenthesis which it must of found true, but then it failed because it tried to cast the result of removing the parenthesis from the text string to an int, normally no problem as only the RSSI is in brackets and that is normally an int. But the errors suggest it found "8F" inside the parenthesis and although emonhub should handle the error better It should not of seen '(8F)' there. I'm not sure how that came about, it could be hex, the RFM2Pi can output hex but I'm not sure how emonhub responds as I've never tried it to be honest.
Paul
EDIT - 8F is 10001111 or -16 as a signed byte so it is possibly a hex rssi, it's in range !!
Re: Error on restarting PI with emonhub
Hi Paul
Messed up looking for log file so I rebooted Pi and of course everything is now working perfectly!
Regards
Ian


Document all used services, protocols, and ports, and why they are necessary for business.
Documenting the services that are being used is important for designing and evaluating the firewall policy. The fewer services being used, the smaller the potential target surface that is presented to the attacker. Documenting the services necessary for business helps make sure that there are no services running that are not needed.
Identify each service that is being used. Write a description of why each service is necessary for business. Identify the port and protocol used by each service. Document the port and protocol together with the description. Make sure that the network documentation matches the configuration of the Internet firewall.


Buy option strategy
This example shows how place multi-leg option order.More info on handling error responses: https://www.developer.saxo/openapi/learn/order-placement-return-codes
POST body containing order parameters:
Response:
Click button to launch function.
JS code:
Click button to show code.


{{ partial "includes" . }}
{{ partial "navbar" . }}
Recent Projects
Click
on each panel to toggle more or less information
{{ block "col-main-content" . }} {{ end }}


MATTHEW CHAMBERS
Full Stack Web Developer
Featured Work
Title
Project Link
Title
Project Link
Title
Project Link


We are also very involved in the Taiwan tramp market. Taiwan Sugar Corporation, Taiwan Power Company, Taiwan Flour Mills Assocation, as well as many soybean and corn importers are some of our important customers. Moreover, we also have a long term Contract of Affreightment (COA) relationship with the Taiyen Biotech Company.
As the South East Asia and the rest of the world are going through a difficult adjustment period, we, at Hsin Chien Marine Co., remain optimistic and feel that there are still many exciting opportunity such the many IPP projects.


Tag 1
Tag 2
Zap
A spell that does some damage.
Tag 1
Overlord
A very powerful minion that does all sorts of amazing things all of the time and then some.
Minion
Overlord
OP
Titan
Your Entities:
Your opponent has
cards.
Console:


--- layout: post authors: ["Adina Howe"] title: "2015 Election: Adina Howe" date: 2015-01-16 time: "14:30:00" tags: ["Software Carpentry Foundation", "Election 2015"] ---
Hi! My name is Adina Howe, and I thank you for considering my qualifications to serve on the Steering Committee of the Software Carpentry Foundation.
Software Carpentry has played a major role in my professional development, and I would argue played an integral role in my ability to fulfill my dreams as becoming a tenure-track professor. In 2008, I participated in a Software Carpentry workshop at Michigan State University as a postdoc. At the time, my research required some computational prowess that I did not possess. SWC provided me a foundation, resources, and mentors to help me improve my skills and discuss my frustration and eventually success! This impact (and great instruction and mentorship) insprired me to join as one of the first round of instructors (2011-ish). For more details, please feel free to peruse my complete vitae.
Currently, I am an assistant professor at Iowa State University in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. I am so excited to be leading the Genomics and Environmental Research in Microbial Systems (GERMS) Lab where we apply all the skills that SWC teaches for teaching and research. I hope to be developing classes integrating many of the topics we discuss for Iowa State as well.
Like many of you, I have been involved in the development, instruction, and evaluation of workshops in the past three years. I also am proud to say that I love to brag about SWC and the opportunities it provides. I have contributed to bringing SWC to the state of Iowa, teaching both of the first workshops in the state. In total, I have taught a total of 8 workshops. I have helped recruit and mentor at least four to five new instructors (that I can think of). The best way to summarize my involvement is that I have been and continue to be personally invested in SWC and advocate for the organization and its mission when I can.
Going beyond my past role in SWC, I think my experience, strengths, and new position could help SWC in three strategic ways:
The majority of my workshops have hosted graduate students. A few professors, staff, and undergraduates have also been involved, and I think there is an opportunity to reach out, serve, and impact this audience. Importantly, I think these opportunities are fundable (e.g., the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates). I believe that the skills we teach are useful beyond STEM students and would like to explore these opportunities.
With the growing number of instructors, we have the energy and help to improve our lesson materials. I'd be interested in exploring specific example datasets wrapped around SWC lessons that could be used for targeted audience. For example, for bioinformatics, we could parse sequencing datasets rather than text files describing counting animals. Though teaching the same lessons, I think this would be incredibly useful and attractive to students.
Funding for a program like this is always going to be a challenge, and I would like to have plans for moving forward in sustainable direction. Further, I want to make sure that our mission and visions are discussed, representative, and transparent. I want to make sure that we are creating a resource-rich community for not only our students but each other.
Thank you for your consideration of me for the Steering Committee. I have loved being involved with SWC and look forward to my future involvement in any capacity that helps the foundation!


Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin eu arcu fringilla, volutpat felis non, scelerisque quam. Phasellus nec dolor ac dolor luctus volutpat. Nulla consequat neque ac lacinia tempor. Donec ultricies auctor urna sed pharetra. Aliquam laoreet fringilla massa, ut convallis ex cursus ac. Vestibulum id eleifend metus, id ornare nulla. Phasellus interdum aliquet placerat. Nullam ut nibh tortor. Donec luctus nibh vel laoreet imperdiet. Sed ac imperdiet justo. Pellentesque egestas tellus id laoreet ultricies.
There can be no thought of finishing for ‘aiming for the stars.’ Both figuratively and literally, it is a task to occupy the generations. And no matter how much progress one makes, there is always the thrill of just beginning.
As we got further and further away, it [the Earth] diminished in size. Finally it shrank to the size of a marble, the most beautiful you can imagine. That beautiful, warm, living object looked so fragile, so delicate, that if you touched it with a finger it would crumble and fall apart. Seeing this has to change a man.


Bottles of Beer on the Wall
Welcome to the Bottles of Beer Sing Along
Enter Number of Bottles for the Countdown:
Test Template
Boston Red Sox
Arizona Diamondbacks
Atlanta Braves
Baltimore Orioles
Chicago Cubs
Chicago White Sox
Cincinnati Reds
Cleveland Indians
Colorado Rockies
Detroit Tigers
Florida Marlins
Houston Astros
Kansas City Royals
Los Angeles Angels
Los Angeles Dodgers
Milwaukee Brewers
Minnesota Twins
New York Mets
New York Yankees
Oakland Athletics
Philadelphia Phillies
Pittsburgh Pirates
San Diego Padres
San Francisco Giants
Seattle Mariners
St. Louis Cardinals
Tampa Bay Rays
Texas Rangers
Toronto Blue Jays
Washington Nationals
The number of bottles selected is
0
.
The team selected is
0
.
Countdown!


Diary of Lydia:
I never nepoymu it, even if I live a thousand years! One moment, he has no idea and miserable and sleduyushee quite content! He asked me again ...
Continue!


--- title: 3rd Annual UNM Resilience Colloquium author: Ryan Morrison summary: Invited talk at 3rd Annual UNM Resilience Colloquium date: '2018-08-11' slug: categories: - conference - research tags: - readr - tidyverse header: image: "" preview: FALSE ---
It was a pleasure giving an invited talk at the 3rd Annual UNM Resilience Colloquium. The colloquium was filled with interesting discussions of managing human and natural systems for resilience. I was able to meet up with my PhD advisor, Mark Stone, and eat too many green chiles! Thank you, Dr. Stone and Dr. Taha, for the invitation.
P.S. My department colleague, Hussam Mahmoud, gave an awesome keynote talk.


Atention:
The example above needs to be interpolated {{example}}
for example.
Not
allowed to used here on highlight code.
Atention:
The example above needs to be interpolated {{example}}
for example.
Not
allowed to used here on highlight code.


The chapters of this manual highlight the inherent injustice of the kinds of debt that afflict most people living in the United States and around the world today, and provide some advice about what to do about them. If anything should be clear by now, it’s that all of these forms of debt are connected. They didn’t all just somehow happen. This is a system that’s been built to keep money flowing from our pockets into those of Wall Street, corporations, and creditors, with the hope that we won’t do anything about it.
Being in debt can be isolating and demoralizing. Understanding the debt system holistically is just the first step toward collectively envisioning and enacting its abolition. The reason you have tens of thousands of dollars in medical bills is that we don’t provide medical care to everyone. The reason you have tens of thousands of dollars of student loans is because the government, banks, and university administrators have contrived to cut government subsidies that support education while driving college costs through the roof. Unlike fifty years ago, it’s simply impossible for all but the wealthiest to attend college without them. Bubbles drive housing and food prices up, wages are kept artificially low so that they don’t keep up with inflation, and more and more of us rely on proliferating forms of “casual,” “flexible,” and part-time employment.
The moment we can make these connections in our own lives, we can stop being ashamed and start getting angry—and most of all, we can turn our outrage into action. Any way that you are able to fight back is important. But what those running and benefitting from the debt system are really afraid of is that a large number of us might start to join together. That’s why it’s so important to them that debtors feel ashamed and alone. Because they know that by keeping us isolated, we have no power. They also know that the moment large numbers of debtors start talking to each other, joining forces, and fighting back—they’re in big trouble. The whole system is built on the assumption that we won’t.
There is strength in numbers. Individually, our debts overwhelm us; collectively, a debt resistance movement can overwhelm the system. We are not looking for debt “forgiveness” because we didn’t do anything wrong. We seek the abolition of debt profiteering and the creation of a new financial system, a new economy, and a new way of life based on justice, self-determination, and concern for the common good.
Looking Backward
Movements for debt resistance have a very long history. From ancient times, people have challenged the harsh penalties visited on defaulters, including branding, torture, imprisonment, and even slavery. In ancient Athens, the first known democratic constitution came about largely as a result of an outright rebellion of debtors (who, at that time, were primarily male heads of household) outraged at seeing their wives and children seized and carried off in chains to slavery.
As for the United States, imprisonment for debt was common here well after the War of Independence (two signers of the Declaration of Independence themselves later ended up imprisoned for debt!). The 1780s saw a huge wave of foreclosures and debt imprisonments. There were various forms of debt resistance at this time, with the most dramatic being Shays’s Rebellion, a group of veterans who banded together to stop foreclosures. It took many campaigns and mobilizations throughout the first half of the nineteenth century to abolish debtors’ prisons (though people are still incarcerated because of debt—see Chapter Nine). After the Civil War, there were outright insurrections waged by small farmers being foreclosed upon against the “Trusts” that were the ancestors of giant U.S. corporations.
During the 1920s, there was an expansion of credit and rampant speculation that led to the 1929 Stock Market Crash. The ensuing Great Depression made the consequences of extreme inequality and unchecked capitalist exploitation clear. The limits of capitalism and the possibilities for alternative ways of organizing society were deeply felt. People banded together to block home evictions and farm foreclosures, workers organized their own credit and mutual aid associations, labor unions were a force to be reckoned with, and the Communist Party couldn’t be denied as a genuine political presence. As a desperate move to shore up faltering confidence in a capitalist system, politicians brokered a compromise between an insurgent left and a nervous capitalist class in the form of the New Deal. The new rights and services established under this compromise provided a baseline of respect for human life and some modicum of dignity for many Americans, but they were systematically denied to Black people, who were not considered to be among those worthy of receiving them. The state and the banks largely took over the job of organizing pensions (social security), mortgages (Fannie Mae), university education (the GI Bill) and, in the 1960s, health care (Medicare).
During a series of financial crises in the 1970s, business and financial interests took advantage of workers’ weakened position to reassert their power and begin a decades-long walk-back of this postwar compromise. Overall, the defunding of government programs and the long decline of labor unions resulted in a massive increase of debt and suffering, and economic inequality has once again returned to the extraordinary heights of pre-Depression days. And yet, despite the capitalist classes’ shredding of this tacit social contract, we’re just now seeing the first glimmers of a people’s movement here in the United States that demands the space to imagine and experiment with postcapitalist ways of life and rejects the debt system that disciplines us. Thankfully, there’s much inspiration to be found in movements for economic justice across the world.
Debt resistance movements have cropped up just about everywhere across the planet. The Global Justice Movement that emerged in much of the global South in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s was a broad constellation of social struggles against paying “odious” national debts (that is, debt for things no person or country should have had to pay for to begin with) to international banks. In many ways, it was brilliantly successful, forcing banks—both private lenders and institutions like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund—to renegotiate the loans by cutting their interest rates, reducing the principal, and, in some cases, simply canceling loans outright.
There have also been some remarkable struggles against personal debt during those same years, like the movement of El Barzón in Mexico. In 1994, the Mexican peso dramatically lost value compared to the U.S. dollar, which set off a steep inflation that increased the interest on variable-rate loans and often made loans, including mortgages, that were denominated in U.S. dollars ten times larger. This brought nearly 30% of the people indebted to banks into default (Williams 1996). The El Barzón movement began by claiming that the loan repayment conditions after the collapse of the peso were the fault of the government and the banks, and that it would be unfair to hold the debtor responsible. Their slogan was, “Debo, no niego, pago lo justo” (“I owe, I don’t deny it, I’ll pay what is fair”). The movement grew rapidly across the country and was known both for its practical approach (by setting up legal consultation services for debtors) and its riveting tactics. It forced the government to come to the aid of the embattled debtors and had a definitive, positive impact on their situation.
Still, the battle is far from being won. In 2008, the world’s poorest countries were paying $23 million a day in interest payments to the rich industrial world, for loans where the original principal had often already been paid back several times over. For much of the 1990s and 2000s, one of the most popular refrains was that the real solution for “Third World poverty” was not less debt but more. Hence the craze for “microfinance,” the practice of making small cash loans without collateral to rural women as well as the urban poor. For a while, this new model swept the world, as it seemed to provide a magic bullet out of poverty. But as time went on, it became clear these microcredit banks weren’t charities; they charged interest and were followed by other banks charging even higher rates of interest. Intense shaming and repossessions began, and in recent years, India and Bangladesh have seen a mass wave of suicides of “beneficiaries” of microcredit loans unable to face the disgrace of inability to pay. There have been popular movements that have risen up to fight microcredit. Mujeres Creando (Women Creating) is a Bolivian anarcha-feminist collective that participates in a range of anti-poverty work, including propaganda, street theater, publishing, radio programming, and direct action. In 2001, they occupied the Bolivian Banking Supervisory Agency on behalf of people indebted to microcredit agencies.
The Mujeres also helped a group called Deudora (Debtor)—made up largely of poor women from the barrios—infiltrate a special luncheon attended by the Banking Supervisory Agency’s Superintendent and microcredit lenders. They took the opportunity to sing and shout about their suffering and denounce the bankers in front of several television cameras. After three-and-a-half months of near-daily protests, the Mujeres and Deudora managed to sit down with the large banking and financial associations and reach an agreement whereby the debtors whose houses were being auctioned would have their debts excused.
The Resistance Is Growing
Changing the financial system may seem wildly ambitious, but in fact, financial systems change all the time. The question is whether it will change for the better.
Anti-debt movements exist and they’re growing stronger. Around the world, popular movements are beginning to rattle the chains, seeing debt for what it is—a form of domination and exploitation—and collectively rising up against it. From Chile to Québec, students have challenged the bondage of educational debt traceable to cutbacks and privatization and scored major victories. In Greece, Spain, and now Italy, we’re seeing veritable uprisings against governments demanding austerity so that tax money can flow exclusively to foreign bondholders. These movements are growing ever more effective. And governments have been forced to backtrack.
It’s important to note that when these movements win, it’s almost never by lobbying the politicians or playing the games of the creditor class. We’ll never win so long as those in power make up the rules and so long as we concede to them. The aim is not just to cancel debts but to fight the conditions and values that got us into debt in the first place. And increasingly, people are starting to realize that the way to do that is not to ask for anything, but to start creating new institutions of our own by which we can collectively provide for our needs. Bankers and politicians are frightened by direct challenges to power that would render them irrelevant.
As our movement gets stronger, we can be sure the politicians will make concessions that undermine substantial change. We’ve already seen a little of this in the United States. The Obama administration has set up the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and has begun talking about tinkering with the student loan system. But—inadequate as these measures may be—the Obama administration never would have done any of this were it not for the growing wave of defaults and increasing signs of organized debt resistance. In the end, as was the case with the New Deal, the aim of reform is not primarily to help people, but to preserve the existing structure of power. This doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t fight the government on its own terms (for example, by opposing cuts to social programs or further tax cuts for the rich). But we’ve seen over and over again that the only way to make the government and the elite take notice is to set our own terms, by being clear about what values matter to us—health, housing, education, our environment, and our relationships.
How Do We Strike Debt?
Strike Debt, an offshoot of Occupy Wall Street, emerged out of a series of open assemblies in the spring of 2012 with the aim of sparking conversations about debt as a global system of domination and exploitation. Debt resistance can take many forms, and Strike Debt is developing tactics, resources, and frameworks for generalizing the fight against the debt system. Underlying all of Strike Debt’s projects—from this manual to the Rolling Jubilee to various direct actions and examples of mutual aid—is support for a jubilee: a full cancellation of all debts. The cancellation of debts is not a new notion, but rather one that is deeply rooted in many faith traditions including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Historically, civilization after civilization has recognized that when debt gets unmanageable, it must be cancelled. And jubilees still work today. For example, there was a kind of jubilee in Iceland after the 2008 economic crisis: instead of bailing out their banks, Iceland canceled a percentage of mortgage debt (see Chapter Thirteen).
To promote this concept and raise awareness about how the wealthy profit from our indebtedness, Strike Debt launched the Rolling Jubilee in November of 2012, and it has been our most visible project so far. Strike Debt raised over $600,000 from thousands of individual donors, many deeply indebted themselves, to purchase defaulted debt for pennies on the dollar and keep it out of the hands of collectors. We have entered this market not to make a profit but to help people by abolishing $15 million worth of debt all over the country to date, while highlighting how the debt system preys on our families and communities.
Like the manual you are reading, the Rolling Jubilee was designed to expose and undermine the ways that debt works. Few people realize that their debts are sold on shadowy markets to speculators hoping to cash in on suffering and misfortune. The Rolling Jubilee effort was never intended to be a solution to the debt crisis. Strike Debt recognizes that the impact of debt cancellation, even on a mass scale, would be negligible unless it was coupled with a far deeper restructuring of our economic system. We need a jubilee and a total transformation of the current financial paradigm. We need a final jubilee to end the need for jubilees.
Debt resistance is not the final goal of the movement; it is just a beginning. We must ensure that these new structures sustain the environment that has always sustained us. What will these structures look like? How will we build them? We do not have all the answers, but the questions have to be asked. Traditionally, alternative economies have focused on local forms of mutual aid that operate under and within capitalism. While these models are desirable, it will be important for us to increase their breadth and scale if we are to challenge and eventually replace our failed economic system. Our values will serve as our North Star: putting people and nature before profits; meeting need and not greed; empowering all and not just a few; becoming less alienated from our work and from each other; and creating more leisure time to spend with our loved ones. As the content of this manual has demonstrated, another world is both possible and necessary.
Small-scale examples already abound. Community-supported agriculture is a growing alternative to the industrial food system. Community land trusts offer a model of affordable housing that prevents foreclosures of homes and property speculation. “Really, Really Free Markets” based on fair trade are dedicated to sharing resources on the basis of a gift economy in which the exchange of used furniture and clothing, childcare, and skilled labor are just a few examples. Employee-owned companies and worker-controlled, democratically run cooperatives are flourishing. To support these endeavors we need a new banking system that offers non-exploitative forms of credit and that is run for the benefit of all, not just the lenders who extract income from loans, investments, and rent. We must remember that as part of the ongoing bailout of the financial sector, billions if not trillions of dollars of loans were handed out at 0% interest, millions of dollars of which ended up as Wall Street bonuses. One of many possible solutions worth investigating is public banking (see Chapter Twelve), where states, cities and local communities finance individual initiatives and communal enterprises.
What other forms can debt resistance take? That is something we need to figure out together. We must work to understand the intricacies of our debt-driven economy. We also need to listen to and learn from the people around us so we can understand how debt affects our lives in both similar and uneven ways, paying keen attention to the ways that it intersects with factors like race, gender, age, ability, nationality, and so on. As we have seen, predatory lending, from subprime mortgages to payday loans to for-profit colleges, disproportionately impact low-income communities and communities of color. The issue of debt also affects us as workers, connecting this movement to fights for higher wages and better benefits. Debt resistance also dovetails with broader struggles for racial equality and economic justice, and we need to make these connections more visible and powerful.
For now, there are countless ways to “strike” debt: demanding a people’s bailout and an end to corporate welfare; collectively refusing to pay illegitimate loans; targeting and shutting down collections agencies, payday lenders, or for-profit colleges; regulating loan speculators out of business; reinstating limits on usurious interest rates; defending foreclosed homes; fighting tuition hikes and school budget cuts; resisting austerity policies; fighting militarism, which accounts for half of our nation’s discretionary spending; organizing debtors’ associations and unions; and more. On the constructive side, building an alternative economy run for mutual benefit is a long-term goal. To get there we must experiment with everything from education, counseling, direct action, financial civil disobedience, and, importantly, building relationships among ourselves to create broad social movements. Debt resistance needs to spread far and wide and be adapted to different contexts and communities.
In contrast to the recklessness and manipulation by the individuals who sit atop our financial system, those of us who advocate debt resistance take our collective responsibility very seriously. By dissolving the bonds that bind us to corporations, financial institutions, and governments all over the world, we seek to forge new bonds with one another based on equitable and sustainable forms of exchange.
At the time of this writing, examples of financial manipulation continue to arise. Matt Taibbi recently wrote an article revealing another scandal equal to or greater than Libor. It is titled, “Everything Is Rigged: The Biggest Price-Fixing Scandal Ever.” The subtitle goes on to report, “The second huge financial scandal of the year reveals the real international conspiracy: There’s no price the big banks can’t fix.” But this is no aberration of capitalism; this is its essence.
Remember: we don’t owe Wall Street anything, we owe each other everything. The possibilities of organizing around debt resistance are only beginning to be realized. Strike Debt, like Occupy Wall Street, hopes to inspire both autonomous action and collective resistance.
Resources
Articles and Books
- William K. Black, The Best Way to Rob a Bank Is to Own One: How Corporate Executives and Politicians Looted the S&L Industry (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005).
- George Caffentzis, “University Struggles at the End of the Edu-Deal,” Mute Magazine, April 15, 2010.
- George Caffentzis, “Workers against Debt Slavery and Torture: An Ancient Tale with a Modern Moral,” Edu-Factory, July 2007.
- Harry Cleaver Jr., “Notes on the Origin of the Debt Crisis,” Midnight Notes, 1990.
- Silvia Federici, “African Roots of U.S. University Struggles: From the Occupy Movement to the Anti-Student-Debt Campaign,” unsettling knowledges, January 2012.
- Silvia Federici, “The Debt Crisis, Africa and the New Enclosures,” Midnight Notes, 1990.
- María Galindo, “The Creative Force of Bolivian Debtors,” in Quiet Rumours: An Anarcha-Feminist Reader (3rd edition), ed. Dark Star Collective (Oakland: AK Press, 2012), 128–29.
- Clifford Geertz, The Rotating Credit Association: A Middle Rung In Development (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for International Studies, 1956).
- David Graeber, Debt: The First 5,000 Years (New York: Melville, 2011).
- Lamia Karim, Microfinance and Its Discontents: Women in Debt in Bangladesh (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2011).
- Midnight Notes Collective and Friends, Promissory Notes: From Crisis to Commons, 2009.
- Scott Pierpont, “Disobeying the Banks: An Interview with Enric Duran,” Institute for Anarchist Studies, December 2009.
References
- Juventudes Libertarias de Bolivia. “With Dynamite and Molotovs, Anarchists Occupy Government Buildings.” Translated by Robby Barnes and Sylvie Kashdan. A-Infos, July 2, 2001.
- Taibbi, Matt. “Everything Is Rigged: The Biggest Price-Fixing Scandal Ever.” Rolling Stone, April 25, 2013.
- Williams, Heather. Planting Trouble: The Barzón Debtors’ Movement in Mexico. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, 1996.
- World Development Movement. “Our Campaign for Climate Justice.” Accessed May 17, 2013.


Hi, if you're here you should have a neocities account, and 2 tabs open in your browser: one to edit index.html, and one to view your website.
We can change the color of anything using CSS.
The CSS is marked by a start tag like this:
. The code between those tags is the CSS.
Once you've found the CSS, you'll see the words 'red' and 'blue'. Try changing them to other colors, save your page and see what happens.
When we're programming, we have to spell in US English, not NZ English. That means we spell 'color' without the 'u'.
Luckily, most words are still spelt the same way.
Did you change the colors? Remember to save and refresh.
Your CSS code might look like this now:
body {
color: purple;
background-color: orange;
}
Let's add a new CSS rule to make the page heading look different.
Add these lines to your CSS, just above line that says </style>
.
h1 {
text-align: center;
font-size: 90px;
color: white;
}
Save your changes, switch tabs to your page and check what happened.
You should see that the heading has changed.
About mistakes
When you are coding you will make a LOT of mistakes. Even experts make a lot of mistakes. Just missing one '>' symbol can make your page display strangely.
If you're at a Code Club, the mentors can help you spot mistakes. If you're by yourself, you might have to carefully compare your code with the examples. Look for tiny differences like one symbol being moved or missing.
p {
border: 2px solid white;
padding: 12px;
background-color: maroon;
color: pink;
}
Try that out. We'll explain how it works later! First let's make the page say something more interesting.
The "body" of the page controls what words appear on your website.
The body starts with a
tag and ends with a
tag.
Tags are how we code in HTML. A tag is a word with pointy brackets on each end. Tags mark special parts of the file.
Your page body probably looks like this:

Welcome to my page

This is a paragraph.

h1 is short for 'heading 1'. It represents the biggest (most important) heading on your page.
p is short for 'paragraph'.
You can add another paragraph by adding a new line that has a

tag at the start, and a
 tag at the end.
Did you notice the difference between a start tag and and an end tag? End tags have a slash.
Try adding this somewhere inside your page body:

An img tag shows an image. You can change the URL to show a different image instead.
The stuff with pointy brackets is HTML. Using HTML, you can change what the page says, and add images, but you can't change colors or add borders.
HTML is for what the page says, but not how it should look.
You can put HTML tags inside each other. For example, your h1 heading is inside your page body.
A CSS rule controls how your HTML is displayed.
Here's an example of a complete CSS rule:
img {
border: 10px dashed green;
margin: 30px;
}
First we say what part of the HTML the rule is for. This could be body
for the whole page, or img
for images.
Then we use a curly bracket { to say 'the instructions start now.'
Then we have the instructions, like this:
border: 10px dashed green;
There are many different options. But they always have a colon in the middle and a semi-colon at the end.
At the end of the rule, you need to say you've finished by putting a closing curly bracket }.
Tip: Which is which?
HTML has a lot of pointy brackets like these: < >
CSS has a lot of curly brackets like these: { }
CSS goes in the 'style' section. HTML mostly goes in the 'body' section.
Hey that's enough instructions, can you make an awesome webpage? Our mentors will help you (if you're at a Code Club! Otherwise you'll have to do a Google search for your question.)
Maybe make a gallery of photos with 5 photos.
Here are some other ideas that might help:
img {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
Imagine that html tags create a box. The box can have a border.
p {
border: 2px solid black;
}
We can add padding, which means space inside the box.
p {
border: 2px solid black;
padding: 10px;
}

hello

hello

... or bold text inside paragraphs.

... or bold text inside paragraphs.

Here is a link.
Pay close attention to where the pointy brackets go! The href part is inside the first tag.
What if you want one paragraph to be red, and another one to be blue?
You can give any HTML tag a 'class', which is like an extra label. You make up the label. Here I called it 'loud'

This is a paragraph.

Here is another.

Now we can write a CSS rule that applies to anything that has that class.
.loud {
color: red;
}
Note that there is a dot in front of the word "loud". That's to show that it's not a tag name, it's a class name.
You can make up as many classes as you want. Classes don't change anything on their own. You need to write a CSS rule for the class to make it do something.
...is different for different people.
Ask before sharing someone else's personal information or their photo.
Getting permission, crediting sources. Why Creative Commons makes this so easy.