vise.input_set package¶
Subpackages¶
- vise.input_set.datasets package
- vise.input_set.tests package
- Submodules
- vise.input_set.tests.test_incar module
- vise.input_set.tests.test_input_set module
- vise.input_set.tests.test_make_kpoints module
- vise.input_set.tests.test_prior_info module
- vise.input_set.tests.test_settings_incar module
- vise.input_set.tests.test_settings_potcar module
- vise.input_set.tests.test_settings_structure_kpoints module
- vise.input_set.tests.test_settings_util module
- Module contents
Submodules¶
vise.input_set.incar module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.incar.
ViseIncar
(params=None)¶ Bases:
pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Incar
Incar class modified for pretty writing of INCAR file.
Since from_file and from_string methods in Incar class use Incar class constructor, we need to override them.
-
classmethod
from_dict
(d: dict) → vise.input_set.incar.ViseIncar¶ Parameters: d – Dict representation. Returns: Incar
-
classmethod
from_file
(filename: str) → vise.input_set.incar.ViseIncar¶ Reads an Incar object from a file.
- Args:
- filename (str): Filename for file
- Returns:
- ViseIncar object
-
classmethod
from_string
(string: str)¶ Reads an Incar object from a string.
This method is different from that of Incar superclass at it does not support “;” semantic which split the incar flags.
- Args:
- string (str): Incar string
- Returns:
- ViseIncar object
-
get_string
(**kwargs) → str¶ Override for the pretty printing.
-
classmethod
vise.input_set.input_set module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.input_set.
ViseInputSet
(structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure, xc: vise.input_set.xc.Xc, task: vise.input_set.task.Task, kpoints: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Kpoints, potcar: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Potcar, version: str, incar_settings: dict, files_to_transfer: dict, **kwargs)¶ Bases:
pymatgen.io.vasp.sets.VaspInputSet
Vise version of VaspInputSet
Use the kwargs for the options that control vasp input set as the dict can be easily updated. Here, a list of options are listed as below.
- Options:
- xc (Xc):
- Exchange-correlation (xc) defined in Xc.
- task (Task):
- Task defined in Task.
- sort_structure (bool):
- Whether to sort the elements using get_sorted_structure method of Structure class in pymatgen.
- standardize_structure (bool):
- Whether to convert the structure to a standardized primitive.
- kpt_mode (str):
- A string representing the k-point style that is used for the make_kpoints function. Now, “band”, “primitive_uniform” and “manual_set” are supported. See make_kpoints docstring.
- kpt_density (float):
- K-point density in Angstrom along each direction used for determining k-point uniform mesh.
- kpt_shift (list):
- K-point shift in vasp definition.
- only_even (bool):
- Whether to ceil the numbers of kpoints to be even.
- band_ref_dist (float):
- A reference target distance between neighboring k-points in the path, in units of 1/Angstrom. The actual value will be as close as possible to this value, to have an integer number of points in each path. Note that seekpath default is 0.025.
- factor (int):
- Factor to be multiplied to the k-points along all the directions. This parameter should be distinguished from the kpt_density as it sets NKRED = factor for hybrid calculations:w
- symprec (float):
- Distance precision in Angstrom used for symmetry analysis.
- angle_tolerance (float):
- Angle precision in degrees used for symmetry analysis.
- charge (float):
- Charge state used for e.g., defect calculations.
- default_potcar (str / None):
- Default potcar name defined in potcar_set.yaml. By default, use “normal”, but one needs to use GW potcars for GW calculation, which will be supported in the future.
- override_potcar_set (dict /None):
- Dict representation for overriding the potcar set, e.g., {“Mg”: “Mg_pv”, “O”: “O_h”}
- vbm_cbm (list):
- The absolute valence band maximum (vbm) and conduction band minimum (cbm) with [vbm, cbm] format in eV, which are used for determining ISMEAR and the spectra region of the dos and absorption spectra.
- aexx (float):
- Exchange mixing parameter, namely AEXX in INCAR for hybrid functional calculations.
- hubbard_u (bool):
- Whether to add Hubbard U parameter. By default (None), it is switched on for LDA and GGA calculations, while switched off for hybrid functional and GW approximations. Default U-parameters are determined in u_parameter_set.yaml.
- ldauu (dict):
- Set when users want to modify U parameters from default. E.g., {“Ti”: 4, “V”: 3, “O”: 5}
- ldaul (dict):
- Set when users want to modify orbitals from default. If ldauu add elements that are not set in u_parameter_set.yaml, ldaul also needs to be supplied for these elements. E.g., {“Ti”: 2, “V”: 2, “O”: 1}
- ldaul_set_name:
- LDAUU and LDAUL default set name defined in u_parameter_set.yaml.
- npar_kpar (bool):
- Whether to automatically set the NPAR and KPAR tags.
- encut (float):
- Cutoff energy in eV. This argument is useful when performing a set of calculations for models with different elements yet their energies to be compared, e.g., defect calculations with impurity.
- is_magnetization (bool):
- Whether to have magnetization. If exists, set ISPIN = 2 and time_reversal = False, the latter of which is necessary for band structure calculations.
- num_nodes (int):
- Numbers of nodes used to determine KPAR and NPAR INCAR setting.
- structure_opt_encut_factor (float):
- ENCUT multiplied factor for structure optimization, where encut needs to be increased to reduce the Pulay Stress errors.
-
ALL_OPTIONS
= {'aexx': 0.25, 'angle_tolerance': 5, 'band_ref_dist': 0.025, 'charge': 0, 'dos_step_size': 0.01, 'encut': None, 'factor': None, 'hubbard_u': None, 'is_magnetization': False, 'kpt_density': 2.5, 'kpt_mode': 'primitive_uniform', 'kpt_shift': None, 'ldaul': None, 'ldaul_set_name': 'default', 'ldauu': None, 'npar_kpar': True, 'num_nodes': 1, 'only_even': False, 'override_potcar_set': None, 'potcar_set_name': 'normal', 'sort_structure': True, 'standardize_structure': True, 'structure_opt_encut_factor': 1.3, 'symprec': 0.01, 'vbm_cbm': None}¶
-
COMMON_OPTIONS
= {'is_magnetization': False, 'num_nodes': 1, 'structure_opt_encut_factor': 1.3}¶
-
GENERAL_OPTIONS
= {'sort_structure': True, 'standardize_structure': True}¶
-
TASK_OPTIONS
= {'angle_tolerance': 5, 'band_ref_dist': 0.025, 'charge': 0, 'dos_step_size': 0.01, 'factor': None, 'kpt_density': 2.5, 'kpt_mode': 'primitive_uniform', 'kpt_shift': None, 'only_even': False, 'symprec': 0.01}¶
-
XC_OPTIONS
= {'aexx': 0.25, 'hubbard_u': None, 'ldaul': None, 'ldaul_set_name': 'default', 'ldauu': None, 'override_potcar_set': None, 'potcar_set_name': 'normal', 'vbm_cbm': None}¶
-
XC_TASK_OPTIONS
= {'encut': None, 'npar_kpar': True}¶
-
as_dict
(**kwargs)¶ - Args:
- verbosity: Verbosity for generated dict. If 1, structure is excluded.
- Returns:
- MSONable dict
-
classmethod
from_dict
(d)¶ Parameters: d – Dict representation. Returns: MSONable class.
-
classmethod
from_prev_calc
(dirname: str, task: Optional[vise.input_set.task.Task] = None, xc: Optional[vise.input_set.xc.Xc] = None, json_filename: str = 'vise.json', parse_calc_results: bool = True, parse_incar: bool = True, sort_structure: bool = True, standardize_structure: bool = False, files_to_transfer: Optional[dict] = None, user_incar_settings: Optional[dict] = None, contcar_filename: str = 'CONTCAR', **kwargs) → vise.input_set.input_set.ViseInputSet¶ Constructor based on the previous calculations.
If the task and/or xc are not set, the previous ones are assumed.
- Args:
- dirname (str):
- Directory name to be parsed.
- xc (Xc):
- Exchange-correlation (xc) defined in Xc.
- task (Task):
- Task defined in Task.
- json_filename (str):
- Json filename including ViseInputSet data.
- parse_calc_results (bool):
- Whether to parse the previous calculation results for band edges, magnetization.
- parse_incar (bool):
- Whether to parse the previous INCAR files, which could include other options that are not determined in vise.
- sort_structure (bool):
- Whether to sort the elements using get_sorted_structure method of Structure class in pymatgen.
- standardize_structure (bool):
- Whether to convert the structure to a standardized primitive.
- files_to_transfer (dict):
- Keys are file names to be transferred in the directory. Values mean the transfer modes, where there are three modes, “c”: copy file, “m”: move file, “l”: make symbolic link e.g., {“CHGCAR”: “c”, “WAVECAR”: “l”, ..}
- user_incar_settings (dict):
- User INCAR settings. e.g., {“NSW”: 100, “LWAVE”: True, “LASPH”: “A”, ..}
- contcar_filename (str):
- CONTCAR type filename. Used if the user change the name.
- kwargs:
- Other OPTION arguments.
- Returns:
- ViseInputSet class object.
-
incar
¶ Incar object
-
kpoints
¶ Kpoints object
-
classmethod
load_json
(filename: str = 'vise.json')¶
-
classmethod
make_input
(structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure, task: Union[str, vise.input_set.task.Task] = 'structure_opt', xc: Union[str, vise.input_set.xc.Xc] = 'pbe', prev_set: Optional[vise.input_set.input_set.ViseInputSet] = None, abs_files_to_transfer: Optional[dict] = None, user_incar_settings: Optional[dict] = None, **kwargs) → vise.input_set.input_set.ViseInputSet¶ Construct ViseInputSet from some options including xc and task.
To make a simple but practical rule for inheriting the previous calculation condition and effectively use its results, we adopt fail-safe rule.
When, the prev_set is set, we compare task and xc between current input and prev_set, and inherit some options depending on whether task and/or xc are common. For instance, when we calculate the band structure with the HSE06 hybrid functional, it would be better to generate the WAVECAR file with e.g., PBE functional to reduce the computational cost. Then, the initial task was done with task=Task.band and xc=Xc.pbe with user_incar_setting={“LWAVE”: True}, and next task is performed with task=Task.band, xc=Xc.hs. Then, task is common, so input set related to TaskStructureKpoints and TaskIncarSettings are inherited. Note that, CommonIncarSettings options are always inherited.
Other notes are as follows.
- Note1: Charge set to structure is ignored when determining NELECT. For
- this purpose, charge option needs to be used.
- Note2: When the structure is changed via find_spglib_standard_primitive,
- all the site properties are removed.
- Note3: When different version of ViseInputSet with different defaults,
- the consistency of input set is destroyed, so the same version must be used when options are inherited.
- Note4: Other INCAR flags than those defined by TaskIncarSettings,
- XcIncarSettings, XcTaskIncarSettings, and CommonIncarSettings are not inherited. When some of them need to be inherited, they should be added to COMMON_OPTIONAL_FLAGS.
- Note5: user_incar_settings is not inherited from prev_set. One needs
- to explicitly specify it, again, if needed.
- Note6: Since default args are used in main function, set
- “structure_opt” and “pbe” strings as defaults.
- Args:
- structure (Structure):
- The Structure to create inputs for.
- task (str/Task):
- Task defined in Task.
- xc (str/Xc):
- Exchange-correlation (xc) defined in Xc.
- prev_set (ViseInputSet):
- Previous ViseInputSet.
- abs_files_to_transfer (dict):
- Keys are file names with absolute paths to be transferred. Values mean the transfer modes, where there are three modes, “c”: copy file, “m”: move file, “l”: make symbolic link e.g., {“/…./CHGCAR”: “c”, “/…./WAVECAR”: “l”, ..}
- user_incar_settings (dict):
- User INCAR settings. e.g., {“NSW”: 100, “LWAVE”: True, “LASPH”: “A”, ..}
- kwargs (dict):
- OPTION arguments.
- Return:
- ViseInputSet class object.
-
poscar
¶ Poscar object
-
potcar
¶ Potcar object.
-
to_json_file
(filename: str = 'vise.json')¶
-
version
¶
-
write_input
(output_dir: str, make_dir_if_not_present: bool = True, include_cif: bool = False, to_json_file: bool = True, json_filename: str = 'vise.json') → None¶ Write vasp input files and handle transferred files.
- Args:
- See docstring of write_input of VaspInputSet
- Return:
- None
vise.input_set.make_kpoints module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.make_kpoints.
KpointsMode
¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
K-point generation type
Supporting modes are: “band”:
Kpoints with the band path will be returned based on the seekpath program. The space group is analyzed and primitive unitcell that must be used for the band structure calculation is returned as well.- “primitive_uniform”:
- Kpoints with uniform k-point sampling. The k-point sampling mesh and centering are determined based on the standardized primitive unitcell. Structure is also changed if not primitive.
- “manual_set”:
- Kpoints with uniform k-point sampling. The k-point sampling mesh and centering are determined based on the given lattice. Note that only when the angles are 90 degrees, the centering is shifted along the perpendicular direction. This mode is useful when calculating the supercells.
-
band
= 'band'¶
-
from_string
= <bound method KpointsMode.from_string of <enum 'KpointsMode'>>¶
-
manual_set
= 'manual_set'¶
-
name_list
= <bound method KpointsMode.name_list of <enum 'KpointsMode'>>¶
-
primitive_uniform
= 'primitive_uniform'¶
-
class
vise.input_set.make_kpoints.
MakeKpoints
(mode: str, structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure, kpt_density: float = 2.5, only_even: bool = False, manual_kpts: list = None, ref_distance: float = 0.025, kpt_shift: list = None, factor: int = 1, symprec: float = 0.01, angle_tolerance: float = 5, is_magnetization: bool = False)¶ Bases:
object
Make Kpoint based on default settings depending on the task.
# The structures of aP (SG:1, 2), mC (5, 8, 9, 12, 15) and # oA (38, 39, 40, 41) are different between spglib and seekpath. # see Y. Hinuma et al. Comput. Mater. Sci. 128 (2017) 140–184 # – spglib mC # 6.048759 -3.479491 0.000000 # 6.048759 3.479491 0.000000 # -4.030758 0.000000 6.044512 # – seekpath mC # 6.048759 3.479491 0.000000 # -6.048759 3.479491 0.000000 # -4.030758 0.000000 6.044512 # – spglib oA # 6.373362 0.000000 0.000000 # 0.000000 3.200419 5.726024 # 0.000000 -3.200419 5.726024 # – seekpath oA # 0.000000 3.200419 -5.726024 # 0.000000 3.200419 5.726024 # 6.373362 0.000000 0.000000
-
is_structure_changed
¶
-
make_kpoints
()¶
-
-
vise.input_set.make_kpoints.
irreducible_kpoints
(structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure, kpoints: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Kpoints, symprec: float = 0.01, angle_tolerance: float = 5) → List[tuple]¶ Estimate the irreducible k-points at the given k-mesh written in KPOINTS
- Args:
- kpoints (Kpoints):
- Kpoints file. Supported modes are only Gamma and Monkhorst.
- structure (Structure):
- Input structure corresponding to kpoints.
symprec (float): angle_tolerance (float):
See docstrings in spglib.- Returns:
- List of irreducible kpoints and their weights tuples [(ir_kpoint, weight)], with ir_kpoint given in fractional coordinates.
-
vise.input_set.make_kpoints.
num_irreducible_kpoints
(kpoints: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Kpoints, structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure = None, symprec: float = 0.01, angle_tolerance: float = 5) → int¶ Calculate number of k-points
- Args:
- kpoints (Kpoints):
- Kpoints file. Supported modes are only Reciprocal, Gamma and Monkhorst.
- structure (Structure):
- Input structure corresponding to kpoints.
symprec (float): angle_tolerance (float):
See docstrings in spglib.- Return:
- Int of Number of k-points
vise.input_set.prior_info module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.prior_info.
PriorInfo
(energy_per_atom: float = None, band_gap: float = None, total_magnetization: float = None, data_source: str = None, is_cluster: bool = None, mag_threshold: float = 0.05, band_gap_threshold: float = 0.1, incar: dict = None, **kwargs)¶ Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
Prior information for controlling parameters in DFT calculations
-
dump_json
(filename: str = 'prior_info.json') → None¶
-
dump_yaml
(filename: str = 'prior_info.yaml') → None¶
-
has_band_gap
¶
-
is_magnetic
¶
-
is_metal
¶
-
classmethod
load_json
(filename: str = 'prior_info.json')¶
-
classmethod
load_yaml
(filename: str = 'prior_info.yaml')¶
-
vise.input_set.settings_incar module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.settings_incar.
CommonIncarSettings
(settings: dict)¶ Bases:
object
-
classmethod
from_options
(potcar: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Potcar, composition: pymatgen.core.composition.Composition, charge: Optional[int] = None) → vise.input_set.settings_incar.CommonIncarSettings¶ Construct incar settings related to task and xc with options.
Args: See ViseInputSet docstrings
- Returns:
- CommonIncarSettings instance object.
-
classmethod
-
class
vise.input_set.settings_incar.
TaskIncarSettings
(settings: dict)¶ Bases:
object
-
classmethod
from_options
(task: vise.input_set.task.Task, structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure, potcar: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Potcar, num_kpoints: int, max_enmax: float, is_magnetization: bool, vbm_cbm: Optional[list], npar_kpar: bool, num_nodes: Optional[int], encut: Optional[float], structure_opt_encut_factor: float, dos_step_size: float) → vise.input_set.settings_incar.TaskIncarSettings¶ Construct incar settings related to task with some options.
Args: See ViseInputSet docstrings.
- Returns:
- TaskIncarSettings instance object.
-
classmethod
-
class
vise.input_set.settings_incar.
XcIncarSettings
(settings: dict)¶ Bases:
object
-
classmethod
from_options
(xc: vise.input_set.xc.Xc, symbol_list: list, factor: int, aexx: Optional[float] = 0.25, hubbard_u: Optional[bool] = None, ldauu: Optional[dict] = None, ldaul: Optional[dict] = None, ldaul_set_name: Optional[str] = 'default') → vise.input_set.settings_incar.XcIncarSettings¶ Construct incar settings related to xc with some options.
Args: See ViseInputSet docstrings
- Returns:
- XcIncarSettings instance object.
-
classmethod
-
class
vise.input_set.settings_incar.
XcTaskIncarSettings
(settings: dict)¶ Bases:
object
-
classmethod
from_options
() → vise.input_set.settings_incar.XcTaskIncarSettings¶ Construct incar settings related to task and xc with options.
- Note: When the GW related task and xc are implemented, this class will
- be used.
Args: See ViseInputSet docstrings
- Returns:
- XcTaskIncarSettings instance object.
-
classmethod
vise.input_set.settings_potcar module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.settings_potcar.
XcTaskPotcar
(potcar: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Potcar, max_enmax: int)¶ Bases:
object
-
classmethod
from_options
(xc: vise.input_set.xc.Xc, symbol_list: list, potcar_set_name: str = None, override_potcar_set: dict = None)¶ Construct Potcar from xc and some options.
Args: See ViseInputSet docstrings
- Returns:
- XcTaskPotcar instance object
-
classmethod
vise.input_set.settings_structure_kpoints module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.settings_structure_kpoints.
TaskStructureKpoints
(structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure, kpoints: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Kpoints, is_structure_changed: bool, sg: int, num_kpts: int, factor: int)¶ Bases:
object
-
classmethod
from_options
(task: vise.input_set.task.Task, original_structure: pymatgen.core.structure.Structure, standardize_structure: bool, sort_structure: bool, is_magnetization: bool, kpt_mode: str, kpt_density: float, kpt_shift: list, only_even: bool, band_ref_dist: float, factor: Optional[int], symprec: float, angle_tolerance: float)¶ Construct Structure and Kpoints from task and some options.
When task and kpt_mode are not consistent e.g., task=Task.band, kpt_mode=”manual”, task is prioritized.
Args: See ViseInputSet docstrings
- Returns:
- TaskStructureKpoints instance object
-
classmethod
vise.input_set.settings_util module¶
-
vise.input_set.settings_util.
calc_npar_kpar
(num_kpoints: int, num_nodes: int) → Tuple[int, int]¶ Recommend suitable NPAR and KPAR params in INCAR from num of kpts.
The test is performed using 36 core node.
- Args:
- num_kpoints (int): Number of irreducible k-points. num_nodes (int): Number of nodes.
- Returns:
- Tuple of recommended NPAR and KPAR.
-
vise.input_set.settings_util.
check_keys
(d: dict, required: set, optional: set) → bool¶ Check if the required keys exist and other keys are included in optional
- Args:
- d (dict):
- Dictionary to be checked.
- required (set):
- Required key set.
- optional (set):
- Optional key set.
- Returns:
- Simply raise KeyError if the condition is not satisfied. If succeed, True is returned.
-
vise.input_set.settings_util.
load_default_incar_settings
(yaml_filename: str, required_flags: set, optional_flags: set, key_name: str) → dict¶ Load the yaml setting files for config and POTCAR list.
- Args:
- yaml_filename (str):
- Yaml filename with xxx_incar_set.yaml.
- required_flags (set):
- INCAR flags that must exist in the dict as a value of key_name key in yaml file.
- optional_flags (set):
- INCAR flags that that could exist in the dict as a value of key_name key in yaml file.
- key_name (str):
- Key name such as “structure_opt” or “hse”.
- Returns:
- settings (dict):
-
vise.input_set.settings_util.
load_potcar_yaml
(set_name: Optional[str] = 'normal', override_potcar_set: Optional[dict] = None) → dict¶ Load the yaml setting files for config and POTCAR list.
- Args:
- set_name (str):
- Potcar set name.
- override_potcar_set (dict):
- User specifying POTCAR set
- Returns:
- Dictionary of potcar_set, like {“Zr”: “Zr_pv”, …}
-
vise.input_set.settings_util.
nbands
(composition: pymatgen.core.composition.Composition, potcar: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Potcar) → int¶ Calculate total number of bands for unoccupied related properties
Useful for optical absorption, band structure, and DOS.
- Args:
- composition (Composition): Input composition potcar (Potcar): Input Potcar object
- Returns:
- Int of number of bands
-
vise.input_set.settings_util.
nelect
(composition: pymatgen.core.composition.Composition, potcar: pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.Potcar, charge: int = 0) → int¶ Gets the default number of electrons for a given composition.
vise.input_set.task module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.task.
Task
¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
Supported tasks
-
band
= 'band'¶
-
cluster_opt
= 'cluster_opt'¶
-
defect
= 'defect'¶
-
dielectric_dfpt
= 'dielectric_dfpt'¶
-
dielectric_finite_field
= 'dielectric_finite_field'¶
-
dielectric_function
= 'dielectric_function'¶
-
dos
= 'dos'¶
-
from_string
= <bound method Task.from_string of <enum 'Task'>>¶
-
name_list
= <bound method Task.name_list of <enum 'Task'>>¶
-
phonon_force
= 'phonon_force'¶
-
structure_opt
= 'structure_opt'¶
-
structure_opt_rough
= 'structure_opt_rough'¶
-
structure_opt_tight
= 'structure_opt_tight'¶
-
vise.input_set.vasp_input module¶
vise.input_set.xc module¶
-
class
vise.input_set.xc.
Xc
¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
Supported exchange-correlation treatment.
-
from_string
= <bound method Xc.from_string of <enum 'Xc'>>¶
-
hse
= 'hse'¶
-
lda
= 'lda'¶
-
name_list
= <bound method Xc.name_list of <enum 'Xc'>>¶
-
pbe
= 'pbe'¶
-
pbe0
= 'pbe0'¶
-
pbesol
= 'pbesol'¶
-
require_wavefunctions
¶
-
scan
= 'scan'¶
-


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| EdgeEndBundle | A collection of EdgeEnd s which obey the following invariant:
They originate at the same node and have the same direction. |
| EdgeEndBundleStar | An ordered list of EdgeEndBundle s around a RelateNode . |
| RelateComputer | Computes the topological relationship between two Geometries. |
| RelateNode | Represents a node in the topological graph used to compute spatial relationships. |
| RelateNodeFactory | Used by the NodeMap in a RelateNodeGraph to create RelateNode s. |
| RelateNodeGraph | Implements the simple graph of Nodes and EdgeEnd which is all that is required to determine topological relationships between Geometries. |
| RelateOp | Implements the SFS relate() generalized spatial predicate on two Geometry s. |
Contains classes to implement the computation of the spatial relationships of Geometry
s.
The relate
algorithm computes the IntersectionMatrix
describing the
relationship of two Geometry
s. The algorithm for computing relate
uses the intersection operations supported by topology graphs. Although the relate
result depends on the resultant graph formed by the computed intersections, there is
no need to explicitly compute the entire graph.
It is sufficient to compute the local structure of the graph
at each intersection node.
The algorithm to compute relate
has the following steps:
IntersectionMatrix
from the labels on the nodes and edges.
Geometry
which
do not contain any intersections with the other input Geometry
. The
topological relationship of these components to the other input Geometry
must be computed in order to determine the complete labeling of the component. This can
be done by testing whether the component lies in the interior or exterior of the other
Geometry
. If the other Geometry
is 1-dimensional, the isolated
component must lie in the exterior (since otherwise it would have an intersection with an
edge of the Geometry
). If the other Geometry
is 2-dimensional,
a Point-In-Polygon test can be used to determine whether the isolated component is in the
interior or exterior.
|
JTS Topology Suite version 1.13 | ||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


Check the schedule at:
EuroPython website
and see the talks at:
EuroPython Conference YouTube channel


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Welcome to Greenwich
Greenwich is a diverse town with much to offer. With the vast amount of shops, resturants, and town landmarks. Greenwich also offers a great education.


Methods
(static) Client(token, optionsopt)
Create a new Client instance.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
token |
string | The DigitalOcean token used for authorization. | |
options |
ClientOptions |
<optional> |
An object whose values are used to configure a client instance. |
- Source:
delete(path, content, options, successStatuses, successRootKeys, callbackopt)
Send a HTTP DELETE request with the specified parameters.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
path |
string | the URL escaped route | |
content |
object | an object serialized to json | |
options |
object | an object passed to the request library See the request docs for valid attributes, e.g. a proxy or user agent | |
successStatuses |
number | Array.<number> | number or array of numbers corresponding to successful HTTP status codes | |
successRootKeys |
string | Array.<string> | string or array of strings corresponding to the root objects containing successful responses | |
callback |
requestCallback |
<optional> |
callback that handles the response |
- Source:
get(path, options, page or queryObjectopt, perPageopt, successStatuses, successRootKeys, callbackopt)
Send a HTTP GET request with the specified parameters.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
path |
string | the URL escaped route | |
options |
object | an object passed to the request library See the request docs for valid attributes, e.g. a proxy or user agent | |
page or queryObject |
number | object |
<optional> |
page number to retrieve or key value pairs of query parameters |
perPage |
number |
<optional> |
number of result per page to retrieve |
successStatuses |
number | Array.<number> | number or array of numbers corresponding to successful HTTP status codes | |
successRootKeys |
string | Array.<string> | string or array of strings corresponding to the root objects containing successful responses | |
callback |
requestCallback |
<optional> |
callback that handles the response |
- Source:
patch(path, content, options, successStatuses, successRootKeys, callbackopt)
Send a HTTP PATCH request with the specified parameters.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
path |
string | the URL escaped route | |
content |
object | an object serialized to json | |
options |
object | an object passed to the request library See the request docs for valid attributes, e.g. a proxy or user agent | |
successStatuses |
number | Array.<number> | number or array of numbers corresponding to successful HTTP status codes | |
successRootKeys |
string | Array.<string> | string or array of strings corresponding to the root objects containing successful responses | |
callback |
requestCallback |
<optional> |
callback that handles the response |
- Source:
post(path, content, options, successStatuses, successRootKeys, callbackopt)
Send a HTTP POST request with the specified parameters.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
path |
string | the URL escaped route | |
content |
object | an object serialized to json | |
options |
object | an object passed to the request library See the request docs for valid attributes, e.g. a proxy or user agent | |
successStatuses |
number | Array.<number> | number or array of numbers corresponding to successful HTTP status codes | |
successRootKeys |
string | Array.<string> | string or array of strings corresponding to the root objects containing successful responses | |
callback |
requestCallback |
<optional> |
callback that handles the response |
- Source:
put(path, content, options, successStatuses, successRootKeys, callbackopt)
Send a HTTP PUT request with the specified parameters.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
path |
string | the URL escaped route | |
content |
object | an object serialized to json | |
options |
object | an object passed to the request library See the request docs for valid attributes, e.g. a proxy or user agent | |
successStatuses |
number | Array.<number> | number or array of numbers corresponding to successful HTTP status codes | |
successRootKeys |
string | Array.<string> | string or array of strings corresponding to the root objects containing successful responses | |
callback |
requestCallback |
<optional> |
callback that handles the response |
- Source:


(#) Invalid Usage of Exact Alarms !!! ERROR: Invalid Usage of Exact Alarms This is an error. Id : `ExactAlarm` Summary : Invalid Usage of Exact Alarms Severity : Error Category : Correctness Platform : Android Vendor : Android Open Source Project Feedback : https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708 Affects : Kotlin and Java files and manifest files Editing : This check runs on the fly in the IDE editor See : https://developer.android.com/training/scheduling/alarms Implementation : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-checks/src/main/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/AlarmDetector.kt) Tests : [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/AlarmDetectorTest.kt) Copyright Year : 2015 The `USE_EXACT_ALARM` permission is only available when targeting API level 33 and above. Also, note that this permission is only permitted for apps whose core functionality requires precisely-timed actions for user facing features. (##) Example Here is an example of lint warnings produced by this check: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~text AndroidManifest.xml:2:Error: USE_EXACT_ALARM can only be used when targeting API level 33 or higher [ExactAlarm] <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_EXACT_ALARM" /> ---------------------------------- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Here is the source file referenced above: `AndroidManifest.xml`: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xml linenumbers <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_EXACT_ALARM" /> <uses-sdk android:targetSdkVersion="32" /> </manifest> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can also visit the [source code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/AlarmDetectorTest.kt) for the unit tests for this check to see additional scenarios. The above example was automatically extracted from the first unit test found for this lint check, `AlarmDetector.testExactAlarmPermissions`. To report a problem with this extracted sample, visit https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708. (##) Suppressing You can suppress false positives using one of the following mechanisms: * Adding the suppression attribute `tools:ignore="ExactAlarm"` on the problematic XML element (or one of its enclosing elements). You may also need to add the following namespace declaration on the root element in the XML file if it's not already there: `xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"`. ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <manifest xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"> ... <uses-permission tools:ignore="ExactAlarm" .../> ... </manifest> ``` * Using a suppression annotation like this on the enclosing element: ```kt // Kotlin @Suppress("ExactAlarm") fun method() { setRepeating(...) } ``` or ```java // Java @SuppressWarnings("ExactAlarm") void method() { setRepeating(...); } ``` * Using a suppression comment like this on the line above: ```kt //noinspection ExactAlarm problematicStatement() ``` * Using a special `lint.xml` file in the source tree which turns off the check in that folder and any sub folder. A simple file might look like this: ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <lint> <issue id="ExactAlarm" severity="ignore" /> </lint> ``` Instead of `ignore` you can also change the severity here, for example from `error` to `warning`. You can find additional documentation on how to filter issues by path, regular expression and so on [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/lintxml.md.html). * In Gradle projects, using the DSL syntax to configure lint. For example, you can use something like ```gradle lintOptions { disable 'ExactAlarm' } ``` In Android projects this should be nested inside an `android { }` block. * For manual invocations of `lint`, using the `--ignore` flag: ``` $ lint --ignore ExactAlarm ...` ``` * Last, but not least, using baselines, as discussed [here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/baselines.md.html).


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| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more | |
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with | |
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. | |
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 | |
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with | |
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 10 | * | |
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 15 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 16 | */ | |
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.collections4.bag; | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.io.IOException; | |
| 20 | import java.io.ObjectInputStream; | |
| 21 | import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; | |
| 22 | import java.io.Serializable; | |
| 23 | import java.util.Collection; | |
| 24 | import java.util.HashMap; | |
| 25 | ||
| 26 | /** | |
| 27 | * Implements {@code Bag}, using a {@link HashMap} to provide the | |
| 28 | * data storage. This is the standard implementation of a bag. | |
| 29 | * <p> | |
| 30 | * A {@code Bag} stores each object in the collection together with a | |
| 31 | * count of occurrences. Extra methods on the interface allow multiple copies | |
| 32 | * of an object to be added or removed at once. It is important to read the | |
| 33 | * interface javadoc carefully as several methods violate the | |
| 34 | * {@link Collection} interface specification. | |
| 35 | * </p> | |
| 36 | * | |
| 37 | * @param <E> the type of elements in this bag | |
| 38 | * @since 3.0 (previously in main package v2.0) | |
| 39 | */ | |
| 40 | public class HashBag<E> extends AbstractMapBag<E> implements Serializable { | |
| 41 | ||
| 42 | /** Serial version lock */ | |
| 43 | private static final long serialVersionUID = -6561115435802554013L; | |
| 44 | ||
| 45 | /** | |
| 46 | * Constructs an empty {@link HashBag}. | |
| 47 | */ | |
| 48 | public HashBag() { | |
| 49 |
1
1. |
super(new HashMap<E, MutableInteger>()); |
| 50 | } | |
| 51 | ||
| 52 | /** | |
| 53 | * Constructs a bag containing all the members of the given collection. | |
| 54 | * | |
| 55 | * @param coll a collection to copy into this bag | |
| 56 | */ | |
| 57 | public HashBag(final Collection<? extends E> coll) { | |
| 58 | this(); | |
| 59 |
1
1. |
addAll(coll); |
| 60 | } | |
| 61 | ||
| 62 | //----------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 63 | /** | |
| 64 | * Write the bag out using a custom routine. | |
| 65 | * | |
| 66 | * @param out the output stream | |
| 67 | * @throws IOException if an error occurs while writing to the stream | |
| 68 | */ | |
| 69 | private void writeObject(final ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException { | |
| 70 |
1
1. writeObject : removed call to java/io/ObjectOutputStream::defaultWriteObject → NO_COVERAGE |
out.defaultWriteObject(); |
| 71 |
1
1. writeObject : removed call to org/apache/commons/collections4/bag/AbstractMapBag::doWriteObject → NO_COVERAGE |
super.doWriteObject(out); |
| 72 | } | |
| 73 | ||
| 74 | /** | |
| 75 | * Read the bag in using a custom routine. | |
| 76 | * | |
| 77 | * @param in the input stream | |
| 78 | * @throws IOException if an error occurs while reading from the stream | |
| 79 | * @throws ClassNotFoundException if an object read from the stream can not be loaded | |
| 80 | */ | |
| 81 | private void readObject(final ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { | |
| 82 |
1
1. readObject : removed call to java/io/ObjectInputStream::defaultReadObject → NO_COVERAGE |
in.defaultReadObject(); |
| 83 |
2
1. readObject : removed call to java/util/HashMap::<init> → NO_COVERAGE 2. readObject : removed call to org/apache/commons/collections4/bag/AbstractMapBag::doReadObject → NO_COVERAGE |
super.doReadObject(new HashMap<E, MutableInteger>(), in); |
| 84 | } | |
| 85 | ||
| 86 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 49 |
1.1 |
|
| 59 |
1.1 |
|
| 70 |
1.1 |
|
| 71 |
1.1 |
|
| 82 |
1.1 |
|
| 83 |
1.1 2.2 |


Microsoft delays Surface Earbuds until Spring 2020
by Mark Wyciślik-WilsonIf you were hoping to get your hands (or ears) on a pair of Microsoft's Surface Earbuds for Christmas, you're going to have to wait a little longer.
Originally pencilled in to launch before the end of the year, Microsoft's $249, AirPod-baiting wireless earphones have been delayed. The worldwide launch is now destined for spring 2020 according to a tweet by Panos Panay.
See also:
- Microsoft releases Windows 10 20H1 Build 19030… and the watermark has gone!
- Microsoft rolls out Gmail, Google Drive and Google Calendar integrations to Outlook.com
- Microsoft lends its support to DNS over HTTPS to boost user privacy
Taking to Twitter, Panay explained that a delay was necessary to ensure the best possible quality and experience for users. Although Microsoft’s chief product officer does not go into detail about the reason for pushing back the launch, it seems that the company was originally a little optimistic in its plan to get the Surface Earbuds out of the door in 2019.
The Surface Earbuds were only unveiled last month, and it is not clear if the delay has come about because of a problem that has emerged, a change to the design, or because of production problems. Holding off the launch until spring means that the Surface Earbuds, Surface Neo and Surface Duo will now all appear in 2020.


Xhaka remains absent for Arsenal
by BeSoccerTwo days after he suggested Granit Xhaka was close to returning, Unai Emery again left the midfielder out of his matchday squad.
Granit Xhaka's absence from Arsenal's first-team squad continued as he was once again omitted for Saturday's home Premier League game against Southampton.
Xhaka has not played for the club since October 27, when his furious reaction to being jeered by fans following his substitution against Crystal Palace led to him being stripped of the club captaincy.
Having previously cast doubt over whether the Switzerland midfielder would play for Arsenal again, head coach Unai Emery suggested Xhaka was back in contention for a recall on Thursday.
Featured links
- The latest football transfers news and rumours
- Luis Enrique returns to Spain national team
- Mourinho replaces Pochettino at Tottenham
- Wales, golf, Madrid... in that order
However, Emery has ultimately opted to delay the 27-year-old's comeback.
There was no place for Xhaka in Arsenal's 18-man squad to face Southampton, while the starting line-up showed two changes from a 2-0 defeat to Leicester City last time out, with Sokratis Papastathopoulos and Kieran Tierney returning.
Arsenal went into the game winless in four Premier League matches since a 1-0 home victory over Bournemouth on October 6.


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Press n or j to go to the next uncovered block, b, p or k for the previous block.
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 | 12x 18x 19x 1x 18x 18x 6x 18x 3x 15x 3x 12x | import { ServerError } from "@frontity/source"; /** * * Check if a given year is a leap year. * * @param year - Year as integer. * * @returns If the year is a leap year. */ function isLeapYear(year: number) { return (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0; } /** * Check that the given combination of year, month & day is valid. * * @param year - Year as integer. * @param month - Month of the year as integer (should start with 1). * @param day - Day of the month as integer (should start with 1). * */ function validateDate(year: number, month: number, day: number) { // This is just an arbitrary sanity check. // We ll generously assume that frontity will continue to exist for a hundred years 😅 if (year < 1900 || year > 2100) { throw new ServerError(`${year} is a wrong year number`, 404); } const monthDays = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]; if (isLeapYear(year)) { monthDays[1] = 29; } if (typeof month === "number" && (month < 1 || month > 12)) { throw new ServerError(`${month} is a wrong month number`, 404); } if (typeof day === "number" && (day < 1 || day > monthDays[month - 1])) { throw new ServerError(`${day} is a wrong day number`, 404); } } export default validateDate; |


$24,000: The Gold Package e rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure ationally encounter consequences that are extreme.
$18,000: The Silver Package rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure ationally encounter consequences that are extreme.
$24,000: The Bronze Package e rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure ationally encounter consequences that are extreme.


|
HologramDepthmap Library
|
| void | HologramGenerator::Encoding_Symmetrization (ivec2 sig_location) |
| Encode the CGH according to a signal location parameter. More... | |
| void | HologramGenerator::encoding_CPU (int cropx1, int cropx2, int cropy1, int cropy2, ivec2 sig_location) |
| Encode the CGH according to a signal location parameter on the CPU. More... | |
| void | HologramGenerator::encoding_GPU (int cropx1, int cropx2, int cropy1, int cropy2, ivec2 sig_location) |
| Encode the CGH according to a signal location parameter on GPU. More... | |
|
private |
The CPU variable, u255_fringe_ on CPU has the final result.
| cropx1 | : the start x-coordinate to crop. |
| cropx2 | : the end x-coordinate to crop. |
| cropy1 | : the start y-coordinate to crop. |
| cropy2 | : the end y-coordinate to crop. |
| sig_location | : ivec2 type, sig_location[0]: upper or lower half, sig_location[1]:left or right half. |
Definition at line 231 of file HologramGenerator_CPU.cpp.
|
private |
The variable, u255_fringe_ has the final result.
| cropx1 | : the start x-coordinate to crop. |
| cropx2 | : the end x-coordinate to crop. |
| cropy1 | : the start y-coordinate to crop. |
| cropy2 | : the end y-coordinate to crop. |
| sig_location | : ivec2 type, sig_location[0]: upper or lower half, sig_location[1]:left or right half. |
Definition at line 338 of file HologramGenerator_GPU.cpp.
|
private |
| sig_location | : ivec2 type, sig_location[0]: upper or lower half, sig_location[1]:left or right half. |
Definition at line 481 of file HologramGenerator.cpp.


Since 1939, Peterbilt has consistently set new standards for quality, reliability, performance and innovation. Our dedicated focus on serving the full range of customer needs and providing industry-leading satisfaction
extends well beyond the sale of a new truck. Peterbilt and its dealer network support customers through exceptional service, parts sales, financing, leasing and rental, and advanced technologies, such as our SmartLINQ
remote diagnostics system.
Today, you can purchase a Red Oval Certified truck with ease knowing your truck is the next best thing to new.
For more than 75 years, Peterbilt has led the industry in the design, manufacture and support of commercial vehicles. By developing and integrating innovative technologies that result in bottom-line benefits, Peterbilt continues to
bring its customers new levels of efficiency, productivity and profitability. Recent technological milestones include new truck technologies and sophisticated support systems to maximize uptime.
Peterbilt partners with PFC to offer an unbeatable FMV program for Model 337 trucks with van configuration.
learn morePeterbilt’s on-highway product line embodies ideals of innovation, styling and value, each in a versatile configuration that provides purposeful solutions to the challenges facing today’s trucking industry.
Every
truck is designed to maximize profitability, driver comfort and safety. For any on-highway application, Peterbilt offers a truck designed to improve your bottom line. Whether it’s fuel-efficient operation, outstanding
resale value, maximum weight savings, day-to-day performance or simply the pride of owning a true legend of the North American highway.
For more than 75 years, Peterbilt has led the industry in the design, manufacture and support of commercial vehicles. By developing and integrating innovative technologies that result in bottom-line benefits, Peterbilt continues to bring its customers new levels of efficiency, productivity and profitability.
learn morecreated with
Nicepage.


Parallax is an effect where the background content or image in this case, is moved at a different speed than the foreground content while scrolling. Check out the demo to get a better idea of it.
Parallax is an effect where the background content or image in this case, is moved at a different speed than the foreground content while scrolling. Check out the demo to get a better idea of it.
Parallax is an effect where the background content or image in this case, is moved at a different speed than the foreground content while scrolling. Check out the demo to get a better idea of it.
I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information. I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information. I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information.
I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information. I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information. I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information.I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information. I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information. I am a very simple card. I am good at containing small bits of information.<


{% include gh_edit_base_path %}
Leave a comment — Edit this page on github and issue a PR for your comment please. HowTo?


We intend to develop a smart wearable smart device for better communication between speech impaired and non-speech impaired community
Our System will convert sign language to Regional language(Speech) This will be a system which will also fulfill educational needs of that community by enhancing communication between both. In turn it will also help in creating a better bond of understanding between communities and will also educate others about sign language.
A wearable device to convert Sign language to regional Speech.
Develop the local language APIs and digital directories
Develop the Gesture database and its meanings
Availability of the project deliverables and technical report online. Report and deliverables will be generated twice in a year which will provide the current status of the project.
The simulation model of the proposed project will be available on the same portal and which be shared on request to desired authority.
Collected data and algorithms would be available online on request.


Components are the smallest, yet most fundamental part of React. They’re similar, in concepts, to things like widgets and modules. React defines itself as a library for building user interfaces. As such, when you think of a user interface you want to build (with React), you need to think of it in terms of the smallest possible components that you can define.
These components include code which defines how DOM elements are created and how users can interact with them. Components can be defined purely in JavaScript or they can be defined in a superset (or extended variation) of JavaScript called JSX. If you decide to use JSX for your component definitions, you may also need a compiler application, but we’ll get to that in a minute.
We are going to be referring to pure JavaScript as JS and the React version of JavaScript as JSX.
You can find the accompanying source-code, for this tutorial, at: https://github.com/formativ/tutorial-react-components.
Please post any errors you find, or questions you have as comments on this article or as issues on GitHub.
Thanks to Pete Hunt for helping to improve this!
If you’ve been developing websites for a while, you may have flinched when I spoke about using HTML within your JavaScript. For the longest time, a development paradigm has existed which says that you should split HTML and JavaScript. Words like unobtrusive have been repurposed to express this kind of separation. That is exactly how I felt, until I started working with React.
The reason this paradigm exists is to decrease coupling (how much things depend on each other) and increase cohesion (how well different things work together). So we have created an environment in which we try our best to make HTML (and templates) as free of logic as possible. We then need to attach behaviour to this in the form of external scripts.
There are trade-offs with this approach to doing things. For starters, it takes more effort trying to keep these two things separate. There are many template engines and languages. There are also many template parsers to handle them all. And yet these languages (with the exception of HTML) still seem to include a modicum of logical operations…
Additionally, when we need to modify the contents of a web page, via JavaScript, we have to know about HTML and/or templates. How else can we know what to display and where to display it? We could load external templates, via additional HTTP requests, but how would we know where to put it without some knowledge of the DOM? We could load templates embedded within special script tags, but we would first need to fetch the contents of those script tags.
This brings us to the biggest problem with the separation of HTML and JavaScript: The only way we can get elements to attach behaviour to, and read data from, is by knowing about HTML elements in the document. Libraries like jQuery are built around the idea that HTML elements are only a CSS selector away from JavaScript.
Hopefully you’re willing to try this whole embedded HTML thing. In case not, I will create JS examples along with the JSX examples in this tutorial Let’s look at a simple component, just to get a feel for how one defines them:


2. (not filtering) Dereplication¶
Introduction¶
Our concatenated FASTA file contains all putatively valid reads for our project. Now that we have used and discarded the quality data, we can now go through all of these reads and find all of the different unique sequences that are represented in our project. This stage is called dereplication, because we drop all the replicate reads, although we do keep a record of how many reads each unique sequence has in the dataset.
From now on, the main purpose is to find these unique sequences and filter out those that may be erroneous. For now, we ignore the source of these sequences; the dataset is considered as a whole with (largely) no reference to the individual samples. There is no need for this filtering process to be performed on many thousands of reads if lots of them are identical; better to dereplicate and reduce our data size to speed up what are generally quite computationally intensive tasks.
Data and software
The input data for this tutorial is a FASTA file comprising all of the reads in your dataset. If you’re following along step-by-step, this was produced in the previous tutorial. Alternatively, the file 4_mbc_concat.fasta
within the sectionB archive can be used as example data.
This tutorial uses the VSEARCH software.
Performing dereplication¶
Dereplication is a pretty straightforward task - there are very few parameters to worry about. Therefore choosing a tool for dereplication has few considerations, and is often a matter of convenience. We will use the dereplication function within VSEARCH, because we already have VSEARCH installed for other steps.
vsearch --derep_fulllength input.fasta --output output.fasta --sizeout --relabel uniq
Exercise
- Run the above command, remembering to replace
input.fasta
with the input file (see the Data and software box above), andoutput.fasta
with a sensible name. - Use
head
on the output file to see how the sequence headers are formatted. - Use
grep
on the output file to count up how many unique sequences we have.
The --sizeout
option is very important here. This records in the header of each unique sequence how many copies it has across the entire dataset. This piece of information is used by several downstream processes. We also relabeled the sequences with uniq
and an arbitrary serial number. This isn’t necessary, and the name we are using is arbitrary, but in our opinion this is a useful step to distinguish individual reads from the set of unique putatively biological sequences.
What are these sequences?¶
At this point, we have a set of unique amplicon sequences recovered from our metabarcoding project. It is not all of the unique sequences, we discarded many that lacked indices or primers, wouldn’t merge or were poor quality, but we are confident that this set contains all of our real amplicons, although we suspect it probably still contains many errors. This set of sequences is sometimes known as Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) or Exact Sequence Variants (ESVs). These putatively represent all unique variants of the CO1 locus in our project metacommunity, so could be considered to be the set of haplotypes or unique biological variants in our study. We will refer to these as ASVs from now on.
For now, though, we know that there are highly likely to be errors present in our ASVs, so the next steps will try different methods to remove these errors and increase the proportion of our ASVs that are true biological sequences of our locus of interest.
Next steps¶
Next we will use the “size” information (counts of occurence of each ASV in the whole dataset) as a basis to filter out possible errors through 3. Frequency filtering.


---
layout: post
authors: ["Greg Wilson"]
title: "Software Carpentry Foundation: FAQ"
date: 2014-11-03
time: "09:00:00"
tags: ["Software Carpentry Foundation"]
---
As we announced
two weeks ago,
we are setting up an independent foundation to manage Software Carpentry's continued growth.
This week, we passed an important milestone
when we signed a fiscal sponsorship agreement with NumFOCUS.
There are still lots of details to sort out,
but here are brief answers to some of the questions we've received so far:
- Congratulations!
-
That's not a question, but thank you :-)
- What is NumFOCUS?
-
NumFOCUS is registered as a 501(c)3 charity in the United States
which promotes and supports the ongoing research and development of open-source computing tools
through educational, community, and public channels.
- What is the Software Carpentry Foundation's relationship with NumFOCUS?
-
Partnering with NumFOCUS saves us the overhead of incorporating separately:
they will accept donations and make payments on our behalf,
handle reporting for tax purposes,
and so on,
so that we can concentrate on developing curriculum and delivering training.
- Is Software Carpentry still part of Mozilla?
-
No.
The Mozilla Science Lab is one of our partners,
along with the Software Sustainability Institute
and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
All three are represented on our interim board,
and we hope other organizations will partner with us soon as well—please
stay tuned for announcements.
- Who works for the Software Carpentry Foundation?
-
Greg Wilson has left Mozilla to work full-time for the SCF.
- Who is organizing workshops?
-
Arliss Collins and Giacomo Peru are continuing to organize workshops as they always have
as part of their jobs for the Mozilla Science Lab and the Software Sustainability Institute respectively.
- What about instructor training?
-
Greg Wilson is continuing to do this, but has started training
others to do it as well.
- Who's paying for all of this?
-
We have several grant applications in the works,
but are still trying to figure out how to supplement those
with per-workshop donations, registration fees, and other income
to become self-sustaining.
- Can my organization help, and if so, how?
-
Yes: we are very interested in talking to potential partners who
can help us organize and deliver training, and to sponsors who can
help us financially.
Please contact the
board if you would like to help.
- How can I make a personal donation to the cause?
-
You can send us money by PayPal,
or contact us to arrange other payment methods:
{% include paypal %}
- How else can I help?
-
The same ways you always have:
host a workshop,
become an instructor,
contribute to our teaching materials,
and help the scientists you work with adopt better computing practices.
- What happens next?
-
The interim board will finish drafting the SCF's initial bylaws
and arrange the transition to the first permanent board
early in 2015.
- Where can I find out more?
-
Please mail us or add a comment on this post
and we'll get back to you as quickly as we can.


Terror
A new, multi-purpose & helpful Discord bot to fulfill your needs.
Yup, our bot has cool commands and all, but here are the features proving our point.
We provide high quality and 90+ commands for you to enjoy.
With a low ping and fast speed, we try to enhance your quality!
Terror is a new bot! We're always accepting suggestions & bug reports and is always in the beta!
All information is never saved in databases unless they're user cache!
Enjoying the bot? Feel free to donate to the developers!
What's up, I'm Misspoken. I'm a beginner-ish Javascript & Python developer.
Hii, I'm Joseph a front-end website developer. I do this for a hobby & living.


{% extends 'mooring/email/base_email.html' %} {% block content %}
The following moorings either have gaps in their booking periods or do not have a booking period covering the following {{ days }} days.


{% include meta.html %}
If you think we can collaborate on a project, want me to teach a class about UX, or speak at you conference, get in touch.


{% extends 'basics/base.html' %} {% block content %}
{% load staticfiles %}Act of Goods is a platform that helps people in emergencies or natural disasters. Give away the items you no longer need and trade with others in your area for items that you do! It's simple: just sign up with your email address and location, so that we know where you can help others, as well as where you would be able to pick up items that you need. Everytime you add a new need, you can change your need location as well as profile location. Act of Goods takes confidentiality very seriously and all of your information will be anonymous. In order to make a trade with another user, simply send them a message using our chat system.
The immediate aid button allows you to start helping others immediately without signing up first!
2 people currently have needs! Sign up to provide them with the item they are looking for.
We want to help others in times of need, and we know many people feel the same way. Therefore, we have developed this platform to enable everyday citizens to make a real difference. There are already many NGO's working tirelessly to help people around the world. If you or your organization are interested in working with us, we are always looking to continually develop partnerships with other organizations.
We want to help others in times of need, and we know many people feel the same way. Therefore, we have developed this platform to enable everyday citizens to make a real difference. There are already many NGO's working tirelessly to help people around the world. If you or your organization are interested in working with us, we are always looking to continually develop partnerships with other organizations.
Providing us with the location enables us to figure out where you can best meet the needs of others, and where others could meet your needs. You are always anonymous, and if you move or have items available in a different location, you can change the location for that specific item, as well as the location on your profile. It is possible to have a different location of an item, than stated on your profile.
Please provide us with your exact location by filling in the form.
Allow Google to track your location by clicking "Get Location"
The Immediate Aid button enables you to start helping others immediately. In the category button you can find the current needs that people have. The provide us with your location, and a short yet clear headline of your item. Finally, please provide us with a description of the item and click submit.


public class Simon extends Game implements java.util.Observer
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private static int |
bounceDelay |
private static java.lang.String |
color1 |
private static java.lang.String |
color2 |
private static java.lang.String |
color3 |
private static java.lang.String |
color4 |
private static boolean |
DEBUG |
private static int |
delayDecrement |
private static int |
fastestDelay |
private static boolean |
forceQuitting |
private static boolean |
hasLost |
private static boolean |
isPlaying |
private static boolean |
NEWSOUNDS |
private static java.lang.String |
playerName |
private static int |
playerScore |
private static boolean |
quittingGame |
private static boolean |
resettingGame |
private static java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer> |
sequence |
private static int |
slowestDelay |
private static int |
waitFor |
difficulty, gameID, gameName, gamesPlayed, running, runningGameName, sizeX, sizeY
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Simon()
Constructor
|
Simon(boolean b)
Used for setting the link to the Observable
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
private void |
addToSequence()
Selects a random number (1 to 4) and increments it to the already
available sequence
|
private void |
begin()
Increments the total games played and starts a new round
|
private static void |
delay(int duration)
Delays for a given duration
|
static void |
forceQuit()
Forcefully quits the game
|
private void |
getInput()
Gets the user's input for the entire sequence.
The user must reproduce the same pattern earlier played back in order to advance. |
private boolean |
getPad(int i)
Gets the user's input for the i'th pad.
|
static java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String[]> |
getTop10()
Returns the top 10 saved rounds from the database as an ArrayList of an
array of Strings
Every ArrayList entry contains the following: [Game ID][Score][Player Name][Player 2 Name][Date Played] |
private void |
incrementScore()
Increments the player's score and updates the GUI
|
private void |
playPad(int i)
Illuminates the quadrant of the Launchpad represented by the given
parameter and plays the related sound.
|
private void |
playSequence()
Plays back the current sequence of the game
|
static void |
quitGame()
Quits the game and closes GUI
|
void |
resetGame()
Resets the game
|
private void |
resetValues()
Resets the values of variables susceptible to change during the course of
the game
|
private static void |
restartQuery()
Asks user if the game should be restarted
|
void |
retreiveFromDatabase()
Retrieves details of the best plays from the databse
|
void |
saveToDatabase()
Saves details of the round into the database
|
static void |
setPlayerName(java.lang.String text)
Sets the player name
|
void |
startGame()
Initializes and starts the game
|
void |
update(java.util.Observable arg0,
java.lang.Object arg1)
Processes input from the Launchpad S.
|
displayNumberOfGamesPlayed, getNumberOfGamesPlayed, incrementGamesPlayed, isRunning, prepareGame, setRunning, setRunningGame
private static int bounceDelay
private static java.lang.String color1
private static java.lang.String color2
private static java.lang.String color3
private static java.lang.String color4
private static boolean DEBUG
private static int delayDecrement
private static int fastestDelay
private static boolean forceQuitting
private static boolean hasLost
private static boolean isPlaying
private static boolean NEWSOUNDS
private static java.lang.String playerName
private static int playerScore
private static boolean quittingGame
private static boolean resettingGame
private static java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer> sequence
private static int slowestDelay
private static int waitFor
public Simon()
public Simon(boolean b)
b
- Unusedprivate void addToSequence()
private void begin()
private static void delay(int duration)
duration
- Time in MS to delay forpublic static void forceQuit()
private void getInput()
private boolean getPad(int i)
i
- Pad in the sequence to checkpublic static java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String[]> getTop10()
private void incrementScore()
private void playPad(int i)
i
- Selected quadrantprivate void playSequence()
public static void quitGame()
private void resetValues()
private static void restartQuery()
public void retreiveFromDatabase()
retreiveFromDatabase
in class Game
public void saveToDatabase()
saveToDatabase
in class Game
public static void setPlayerName(java.lang.String text)
text
- Player namepublic void startGame()
public void update(java.util.Observable arg0, java.lang.Object arg1)


The upvar command simplifies the implementation of call-by-name procedure calling and also makes it easier to build new control constructs as Tcl procedures. For example, consider the following procedure:
proc add2 name { upvar $name x set x [expr $x+2] }add2 is invoked with an argument giving the name of a variable, and it adds two to the value of that variable. Although add2 could have been implemented using uplevel instead of upvar, upvar makes it simpler for add2 to access the variable in the caller's procedure frame.
namespace eval is another way (besides procedure calls) that the Tcl naming context can change. It adds a call frame to the stack to represent the namespace context. This means each namespace eval command counts as another call level for uplevel and upvar commands. For example, info level 1 will return a list describing a command that is either the outermost procedure call or the outermost namespace eval command. Also, uplevel #0 evaluates a script at top-level in the outermost namespace (the global namespace).
If an upvar variable is unset (e.g. x in add2 above), the unset operation affects the variable it is linked to, not the upvar variable. There is no way to unset an upvar variable except by exiting the procedure in which it is defined. However, it is possible to retarget an upvar variable by executing another upvar command.
proc traceproc { name index op } { puts $name } proc setByUpvar { name value } { upvar $name localVar set localVar $value } set originalVar 1 trace variable originalVar w traceproc setByUpvar originalVar 2 }
If otherVar refers to an element of an array, then variable traces set for the entire array will not be invoked when myVar is accessed (but traces on the particular element will still be invoked). In particular, if the array is env, then changes made to myVar will not be passed to subprocesses correctly.
proc decr {varName {decrement 1}} { upvar 1 $varName var incr var [expr {-$decrement}] }
Copyright © 1993 The Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


Description
DESCRIPTION: This 3D Pie chart shows the popularity of Singers based on number of tweets for each singer. This will help us visualize which singer is more popular relatively when compared to all others.
QUERY 5: val query = sqlContext.sql("select user.name, count(user.followers_count) as followersCount from querytable1 group by user.name order by followersCount desc limit 10")
r3.write.json("followers")


Id = 344
Nombre Personajen = Tammy Guetermann
Status = Alive
Specie = Human
Origen = Earth (Replacement Dimension)
Tipo =
Locacion = unknown
Id Locacion = ['Sin Localizar']
Episodio = ['https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/11', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/16', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/21', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/22']
Id Episodio = ['11', '16', '21', '22']
URL Personaje = https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/344


Before Change
kernel_size=7,
stride=1))
self.output = nn.Sequential()
self.output.add_module("dropout", nn.Dropout(p=0.2))
self.output.add_module("fc", nn.Linear(
in_features=in_channels,
out_features=num_classes))
After Change
in_channels=in_channels,
out_channels=init_block_channels))
in_channels = init_block_channels
for i, channels_per_stage in enumerate(channels):
stage = nn.Sequential()
identity_conv3x3 = (i != 0)
for j, out_channels in enumerate(channels_per_stage):
stride = 2 if (j == 0) and (i != 0) else 1
stage.add_module("unit{}".format(j + 1), SENetUnit(
in_channels=in_channels,
out_channels=out_channels,


A Gentle Introduction to Haskell, Version 98
The I/O system in Haskell is purely functional, yet has all of the expressive power found in conventional programming languages. In imperative languages, programs proceed via actions which examine and modify the current state of the world. Typical actions include reading and setting global variables, writing files, reading input, and opening windows. Such actions are also a part of Haskell but are cleanly separated from the purely functional core of the language.
Haskell's I/O system is built around a somewhat daunting mathematical foundation: the monad. However, understanding of the underlying monad theory is not necessary to program using the I/O system. Rather, monads are a conceptual structure into which I/O happens to fit. It is no more necessary to understand monad theory to perform Haskell I/O than it is to understand group theory to do simple arithmetic. A detailed explanation of monads is found in Section 9.
The monadic operators that the I/O system is built upon are also used for other purposes; we will look more deeply into monads later. For now, we will avoid the term monad and concentrate on the use of the I/O system. It's best to think of the I/O monad as simply an abstract data type.
Actions are defined rather than invoked within the expression language of Haskell. Evaluating the definition of an action doesn't actually cause the action to happen. Rather, the invocation of actions takes place outside of the expression evaluation we have considered up to this point.
Actions are either atomic, as defined in system primitives, or are a sequential composition of other actions. The I/O monad contains primitives which build composite actions, a process similar to joining statements in sequential order using `;' in other languages. Thus the monad serves as the glue which binds together the actions in a program.
Every I/O action returns a value. In the type system, the return value is
`tagged' with IO type, distinguishing actions from other
values. For example, the type
of the function getChar is:
getChar :: IO Char
The IO Char indicates that getChar, when invoked, performs
some action which returns a character. Actions which return no
interesting values use the unit type, (). For example, the
putChar function:
putChar :: Char -> IO ()
takes a character as an argument but returns nothing useful.
The unit type is similar to void in other languages.
Actions are sequenced using an operator that has a rather cryptic name: >>= (or `bind'). Instead of using this operator directly, we choose some syntactic sugar, the do notation, to hide these sequencing operators under a syntax resembling more conventional languages. The do notation can be trivially expanded to >>=, as described in §3.14.
The keyword do introduces a sequence of statements
which are executed in order. A statement is either an action,
a pattern bound to the result of an action using <-, or
a set of local definitions introduced using let. The do notation
uses layout in the same manner as let or where so we
can omit braces and semicolons with proper indentation. Here is a
simple program to read and then print a character:
main :: IO ()
main = do c <- getChar
putChar c
The use of the name main is important: main
is defined to be the entry point of a Haskell program (similar
to the main function in C), and
must have an IO type, usually IO (). (The name main is special
only in the module Main; we will have more to say about modules
later.) This
program performs two actions in
sequence: first it reads in a character, binding the result to the
variable c, and then prints the character. Unlike a let expression
where variables are scoped over all definitions, the
variables defined by <- are only in scope in the following statements.
There is still one missing piece. We can invoke actions and examine
their results using do, but how do we return a value from a sequence
of actions? For example, consider the ready function that reads a
character and returns True if the character was a `y':
ready :: IO Bool
ready = do c <- getChar
c == 'y' -- Bad!!!
This doesn't work because the second statement in the `do' is just a
boolean value, not an action. We need to take this boolean and create
an action that does nothing but return the boolean as its result.
The return function does just that:
return :: a -> IO a
The return function completes the set of sequencing primitives. The
last line of ready should read return (c == 'y').
We are now ready to look at more complicated I/O functions. First,
the function getLine:
getLine :: IO String
getLine = do c <- getChar
if c == '\n'
then return ""
else do l <- getLine
return (c:l)
Note the second do in the else clause. Each do introduces a single
chain of statements. Any intervening
construct, such as the if, must use a new do to initiate further
sequences of actions.
The return function admits an ordinary value such as a boolean to
the realm of I/O actions.
What about the other direction? Can we invoke some I/O actions within an
ordinary expression? For example, how can we say x + print y
in an expression so that y is printed out as the
expression evaluates? The answer is that we can't! It is not possible to
sneak into the imperative universe while in the midst of purely
functional code. Any value `infected' by the imperative world must be
tagged as such. A function such as
f :: Int -> Int -> Int
absolutely cannot do any I/O since IO does not
appear in the returned type.
This fact is often quite distressing to
programmers used to placing print statements liberally throughout
their code during debugging. There are, in fact, some unsafe
functions available to get around this problem but these are
better left to advanced programmers. Debugging packages (like Trace)
often make liberal use of these `forbidden functions' in an entirely safe
manner.
The sequence_ function can be used to construct putStr from
putChar:
putStr :: String -> IO ()
putStr s = sequence_ (map putChar s)
One of the differences between Haskell and conventional
imperative programming can be seen in putStr. In an imperative
language, mapping an imperative version of putChar over the string
would be sufficient to print it. In Haskell, however, the map
function does not perform any action. Instead it creates a list of
actions, one for each character in the string. The folding operation
in sequence_
uses the >> function to combine all of the individual actions into a
single action. The return () used here is
quite necessary -- foldr needs a null action at the end of the chain
of actions it creates (especially if there are no characters in the
string!).
The Prelude and the libraries contains many functions which are useful for sequencing I/O actions. These are usually generalized to arbitrary monads; any function with a context including Monad m => works with the IO type.
So far, we have avoided the issue of exceptions during I/O operations. What would happen if getChar encounters an end of file? (We use the term error for _|_: a condition which cannot be recovered from such as non-termination or pattern match failure. Exceptions, on the other hand, can be caught and handled within the I/O monad.) To deal with exceptional conditions such as `file not found' within the I/O monad, a handling mechanism is used, similar in functionality to the one in standard ML. No special syntax or semantics are used; exception handling is part of the definition of the I/O sequencing operations.
Errors are encoded using a special data type, IOError. This type
represents all possible exceptions that may occur within the I/O monad.
This is an abstract type: no constructors for IOError are available
to the user. Predicates allow IOError values to be
queried. For example, the function
isEOFError :: IOError -> Bool
determines whether an error was caused by an end-of-file condition.
By making IOError abstract, new sorts of errors may be added to the
system without a noticeable change to the data type. The function
isEOFError is defined in a separate library, IO, and must be
explicitly imported into a program.
An exception handler has type IOError -> IO a.
The catch function associates an exception handler with an action or
set of actions:
catch :: IO a -> (IOError -> IO a) -> IO a
The arguments to catch are an action and a handler. If the action
succeeds, its result is returned without invoking the handler. If an
error occurs, it is passed to the handler as a value of type
IOError and the action associated with the handler is then invoked.
For example, this version of getChar returns a newline when an error
is encountered:
getChar' :: IO Char
getChar' = getChar `catch` (\e -> return '\n')
This is rather crude since it treats all errors in the same manner. If
only end-of-file is to be recognized, the error value must be queried:
getChar' :: IO Char
getChar' = getChar `catch` eofHandler where
eofHandler e = if isEofError e then return '\n' else ioError e
The ioError function used here throws an exception on to the next
exception handler. The type of ioError is
ioError :: IOError -> IO a
It is similar to
return except that it transfers control to the exception handler
instead of proceeding to the next
I/O action. Nested calls to catch are
permitted, and produce nested exception handlers.
Using getChar', we can redefine getLine to demonstrate the use of
nested handlers:
getLine' :: IO String
getLine' = catch getLine'' (\err -> return ("Error: " ++ show err))
where
getLine'' = do c <- getChar'
if c == '\n' then return ""
else do l <- getLine'
return (c:l)
The nested error handlers allow getChar' to catch end of file while any other error results in a string starting with "Error: " from getLine'.
For convenience, Haskell provides a default exception handler at the topmost level of a program that prints out the exception and terminates the program.
Aside from the I/O monad and the exception handling mechanism it provides, I/O facilities in Haskell are for the most part quite similar to those in other languages. Many of these functions are in the IO library instead of the Prelude and thus must be explicitly imported to be in scope (modules and importing are discussed in Section 11). Also, many of these functions are discussed in the Library Report instead of the main report.
Opening a file creates a handle (of type Handle) for use in I/O
transactions. Closing the handle closes the associated file:
type FilePath = String -- path names in the file system
openFile :: FilePath -> IOMode -> IO Handle
hClose :: Handle -> IO ()
data IOMode = ReadMode | WriteMode | AppendMode | ReadWriteMode
Handles can also be associated with channels: communication ports
not directly attached to files. A few channel handles are predefined,
including stdin (standard input), stdout (standard output), and
stderr (standard error). Character level I/O operations include
hGetChar and hPutChar, which take a handle as an argument. The
getChar function used previously can be defined as:
getChar = hGetChar stdin
Haskell also allows the entire contents of a file or channel to be
returned as a single string:
getContents :: Handle -> IO String
Pragmatically, it may seem that getContents must immediately read an
entire file or channel, resulting in poor space and time performance
under certain conditions. However, this is not the case. The key
point is that getContents returns a "lazy" (i.e. non-strict) list
of characters (recall that strings are just lists of characters in
Haskell), whose elements are read "by demand" just like any other
list. An implementation can be expected to implement this
demand-driven behavior by reading one character at a time from the
file as they are required by the computation.
In this example, a Haskell program copies one file to another:
main = do fromHandle <- getAndOpenFile "Copy from: " ReadMode
toHandle <- getAndOpenFile "Copy to: " WriteMode
contents <- hGetContents fromHandle
hPutStr toHandle contents
hClose toHandle
putStr "Done."
getAndOpenFile :: String -> IOMode -> IO Handle
getAndOpenFile prompt mode =
do putStr prompt
name <- getLine
catch (openFile name mode)
(\_ -> do putStrLn ("Cannot open "++ name ++ "\n")
getAndOpenFile prompt mode)
By using the lazy getContents function, the entire contents of the
file need not be read into memory all at once. If hPutStr chooses
to buffer the output by writing the string in fixed sized blocks of
characters, only one block of the input file needs to be in memory at
once. The input file is closed implicitly when the last character has
been read.
As a final note, I/O programming raises an important issue: this
style looks suspiciously like ordinary imperative programming. For
example, the getLine function:
getLine = do c <- getChar
if c == '\n'
then return ""
else do l <- getLine
return (c:l)
bears a striking similarity to imperative code (not in any real language) :
function getLine() {
c := getChar();
if c == `\n` then return ""
else {l := getLine();
return c:l}}
So, in the end, has Haskell simply re-invented the imperative wheel?
In some sense, yes. The I/O monad constitutes a small imperative sub-language inside Haskell, and thus the I/O component of a program may appear similar to ordinary imperative code. But there is one important difference: There is no special semantics that the user needs to deal with. In particular, equational reasoning in Haskell is not compromised. The imperative feel of the monadic code in a program does not detract from the functional aspect of Haskell. An experienced functional programmer should be able to minimize the imperative component of the program, only using the I/O monad for a minimal amount of top-level sequencing. The monad cleanly separates the functional and imperative program components. In contrast, imperative languages with functional subsets do not generally have any well-defined barrier between the purely functional and imperative worlds.


This scripts displays a list of all failed jobs. Addon: restart them.
// Get the list of failed jobs activeJobs = hudson.model.Hudson.instance.items.findAll{job -> job.isBuildable()} failedRuns = activeJobs.findAll{job -> job.lastBuild != null && job.lastBuild.result == hudson.model.Result.FAILURE} // Do something with them - e.g. listing them failedRuns.each{run -> println(run.name)}
Sample ouput produced:
ProjectA ProjectB ProjectC Result: [hudson.model.FreeStyleProject@1f39c59[ProjectA], hudson.model.FreeStyleProject@16a93b8[ProjectB], hudson.model.FreeStyleProject@12947ee[ProjectC]]
Addons
If you have a list of failed jobs you also could do other things than just printing them. The key is changing the last closure.
Addon: Restart
startServer = "admin computer" startNote = "bulk start" cause = new hudson.model.Cause.RemoteCause(startServer, startNote) failedRuns.each{run -> run.scheduleBuild(cause)}


ENCHANTED APRIL A film review by Alan Jay Copyright 1991 Alan Jay
Enchanted April Dir: Mike Newell Leading Players: Miranda Richardson, Joan Plowright, Alfred Molina, Josie Lawrence, Jim Broadbent. UK 1991 Shown at the 35th London Film Festival.
Capsule: Four Ladies clump together to rent a castle in Italy for the month of April in the early 1920's. The film revolves around the four of them their relationships with men and with each other as they go on their journey from a rainy London to Italy and their stay there. (+2).
-=-
This year's London Film Festival opened with the World Premiere of ENCHANTED APRIL, a film made by the BBC, in conjunction with Miramax, and in the same series as TRULY, MADLY, DEEPLY. The film is a delightful little picture that, although not fast in the early stages, blossoms once the participants reach Italy.
The performances are exquisite as each of the four leading women blossom in turn as they find a new facet of their existence. Although it was made for television, I would reckon that the film works better in the cinema where the audience can't switch over before the film takes off and the beautiful photography of Italy is enhanced on the large screen.
ENCHANTED APRIL takes place in the early 1920s when four ladies, strangers at the beginning of the film, decide to rent a house in Italy for the month of April. The film is based on the novel by Elizabeth Von Arnim.
The film will be getting a theatrical release in the UK later this year and I thoroughly recommend it as an enjoyable evening's entertainment.
The London Film Festival Continues until 21 November at the National Film Theatre and around London. For further information call<PHONE_NUMBER>.
Alan Jay - Editor Connectivity The IBM PC User Group, PO Box 360, Tel.<PHONE_NUMBER> Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER> Harrow HA1 4LQ, ENGLAND Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Path: ..!ukc!ibmpcug!alanj
.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


The B. Tech. Petroleum Engineering Program at MIT-WPU is based on three cardinal principles: providing social context to education, giving maximum choice to the student to choose a career path and encouraging experiential learning. To that effect, a B.Tech in Petroleum engineering can be broadly divided into 3 district subcategories.
A multi-disciplinary field that focuses on managing all aspects of an organization’s operations to provide products and services. In Operation management, an individual will learn how to increase productivity and reduce costs, improve flexibility to meet rapidly changing customer needs, enhance product quality and improve customer service.
These are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. Petroleum Exploration and essential engineering for Production of hydrocarbons are the oil and gas industry’s two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs.
This focuses on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while Petroleum Engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource using a detailed understanding of the physical and chemical behavior of oil, water and gas within porous rock which may be at very high depth, pressure, and temperature conditions.


I am trying to write a looping switch case. You have four separate payroll options, each with their own steps. Once you are done with one person's payroll the program loops and you move onto the next. Almost everything seems perfect except that I am supposed to have a separate payment for workers who worked over 40 hours. I wrote a if else statement but it only gives the base pay. The if else is on lines 37-48
Your if statement says (salary >= 40). I'm assuming you wants hours there not salary, cause I would imagine it is just dropping into the else statement right now.
Thanks.  I do have one other question. I need the answers to every switch case to have two decimal places. I know I need to use setprecision(2), but I am unclear on where to put it.
Its been awhile since I've needed to do anything with set precision but I'm pretty sure it goes before the output. I believe it is on this site as well and will give you the details on how to use that properly.


Our design practice offers a full range of services including brand strategy, interaction and visual design and user experience testing. Throughout your project, our designers create and implement visual design and workflows, solicit user feedback and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and web development technologies. They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a daily basis, using proven practices such as test-driven development and pair programming.
Planning and development is iterative. Because we are constantly coding and testing, the products we build are always ready to go live. This iterative process allows for changes as business requirements evolve.
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Mighty Ontario
Pentagons
Jim Carrey
Having a Good Day
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What is Ride For Life?
Are you pregnant but have no way to the hospital to deliver your baby? We have the solution motorcycle ambulances you sign up on our application and can request an ambulance driver near you to pick you up.
Are you pregnant but have no way to the hospital to deliver your baby? We have the solution motorcycle ambulances you sign up on our application and can request an ambulance driver near you to pick you up.
 Do you enjoy helping having a hand in the safety of a pregnant woman through her journey to the hospital to have her baby? We have the application for you where a woman can get ahold of the nearest driver to here and have a safe enjoyable ride to the hospital.


MARTECH101™ ranks marketing books each week according to the number of copies sold and pre-ordered through leading online book stores. Bulk buys are counted as a single purchase.
MARTECH101™ ranks marketing books each week according to the number of copies sold and pre-ordered through leading online book stores. Bulk buys are counted as a single purchase.


Emmerdale star Michelle Hardwick says 'I'm so glad I can help fans come out'
Actress, 43, says she gets trolled over role as Charity Dingle’s fiancée Vanessa Woodfield - but she gets far more messages of support as soaps normalise same-sex relationships
by Phil Cardy, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/phil-cardy/Defiant Emmerdale star Michelle Hardwick has told of her pride at helping fans of the soap come out as gay.
The lesbian actress revealed she gets trolled over her role as Charity Dingle’s fiancée Vanessa Woodfield – but the homophobic taunts are far outnumbered by messages of support.
Michelle, 43, said: “I get a few, ‘You just need a real man’, or ‘Vanessa just needs a real man’ comments.
“But soaps are fabulous at normalising same-sex relationships. If you’re showing two males or two females, you are normalising it in people’s houses every night and that’s what we need to be doing.”
Michelle, who married Emmerdale producer Kate Brooks in September, said fans are largely “very supportive” – and even thankful for her role as the show’s feisty vet.
She said: “I had a tweet only the other day from a girl saying she was so scared to come out to her dad – but he said to her, ‘Look, as long as you’re happy, I’m happy’.
"So I tweeted her and said, ‘I’m proud of you. I’m proud of your dad’. If we’re helping even just that one girl, then it’s absolutely brilliant.”
She thinks Vanessa’s relationship with Charity, played by Emma Atkins, could also be a hit with fans “because we’re older women, in our 40s”.
She added: “It might even be the way they got together. They didn’t necessarily like each other. It was an attraction that happened naturally and they were fighting it.
Speaking about her first same-sex relationship at 18 she said: “I tried to fight it. I had a few boyfriends, but it never felt right. You just battle with it, don’t you? It was hard.”
Michelle didn’t come out to her family until her late 20s. “I was scared about upsetting them,” she said. “But they’ve been so supportive.”
Speaking about her recent marriage in Memphis to Kate, she added: “We’re still on cloud nine. It was the best day of my life.”
But she’s not expecting Vanessa and Charity’s big day to go as well.
She said: “If Emmerdale weddings are anything to go by, it can’t just go smoothly, can it? I’d be very shocked if it did.”


Höegh LNG Partners LP 2019 Q3 - Results - Earnings Call Presentation
by SA Transcripts, https://seekingalpha.com/author/sa-transcriptsThe following slide deck was published by Höegh LNG Partners LP in conjunction with their 2019 Q3 earnings call.
The following slide deck was published by Höegh LNG Partners LP in conjunction with their 2019 Q3 earnings call.


This is a sample index page to be used with the Swift sample template - or the S3 sample template.
If you forget to remove it from the Swift container, the stack will not delete successfully!
An error will be reported. You will have to manually delete the containers contents before the stack will be allowed to delete successfully.


Class provides a base for all parsers in the service layer of an application. A parser
is responsible for taking raw data in a paticular format and translating it into
an applicaiton specific format.
Each parser can define a result format, which is not required but useful and necessary in some instances.
An example is when a parser is used with a HTTPRequestDispatcher class, which encapsulates a HTTPService class, which requires
a parser to define the resultformat of the data to be returned from the service. Other uses of the result format is to check the raw
data returned making sure it is the format expected, however this type of logic must be defined in a custom parser and is not provided in
this class.
AbstractDelegate
com.developmentarc.core.services.RequestDispatcer.
resultFormat:String
[read-only]
Returns the result format for this parser.
Implementation
public function get resultFormat():String
public function AbstractParser(resultFormat:String)
Constructor, takes a result format with a default of RESULT_FORMAT_OBJECT
Parameters
public function parse(data:*):*
Method accepts raw data and is translated into application specific data format.
Method must be defined by child class or an error will occur
Parameters
Returns
| * — Application specific data
|
public static const RESULT_FORMAT_ARRAY:String = "array"
public static const RESULT_FORMAT_E4X:String = "e4x"
public static const RESULT_FORMAT_FLASHVARS:String = "flashvars"
public static const RESULT_FORMAT_OBJECT:String = "object"
public static const RESULT_FORMAT_TEXT:String = "text"
public static const RESULT_FORMAT_XML:String = "xml"