HTML Defines the structure and content of a web page while CSS modifies the appearance and styling the page. It can be described like building a car. The html is the basic structure of the car - the chassis, wheels and general parts. The css is the styling. The colour, the body shape, the interior styling. Combining these two aspects makes a much more comprehensive product.
JavaScript code is generally executed in the order the objects are listed. This is the natural flow of the program. Control flow can alter the order things are executed such as applying loops until a certain condition is met. If Eating food was a program it would probably take the following steps:
Chew food. → Food soft enough to swallow = false. → Repeat Chew. → Food soft enough to swallow = true. → Swallow food.
The last step is not executed until food is soft enough to swallow.The DOM is the browser’s internal representation of the web page. It takes the elements of the document and lays it out in a tree model and is where the html, css and JavaScript interact. JavaScript can modify and add elements to html. This will not be reflected in the html source but will be reflected in the DOM.
Arrays store multiple types of the same data and assign each item a number starting from 0. To access an item in an array you would type the array name followed by the item number you need. The number is enclosed by square brackets. Eg - arrayName[4] would give you the 5th item of information of arrayName. Objects can store multiple types of information and store them as properties. To access them you would type objectName.propertyName
In JavaScript, a function is a set of statements (code) that performs a task. When a function is executed it will perform the task it is given. Functions can be called on when needed or run multiple times. Functions help keep code tidy and don’t need to be rewritten every time a task is needed to be run.


Our Hackathon Project on Github
With over 2,000 participants, the DeveloperWeek Hackathon is amongst one of the largest in the nation. Our IoT club sent a team to compete in this event, not expecting much seeing as that is was our very first hackathon. We arrived excited albeit a bit nervous seemingly surrounded by experienced adult programmers.
We settled in and discussed which API from which sponsor we should use, initially joking that we would unrealistically go for the highest cash prize, which would mean the most competition. After considering our options, we decided to go with PubNub Civic Hack Challenge. Our goal was to create an application that would help the community or government. To address this, we created EZFeedback, a real-time in-class feedback system helping students and teachers optimize their class time, especially in lectures.
During our second and final day, we gave our pitch to the judges. Right before the top 5 projects were being announced our team had been frantically coding to the last minute, and having missed lunch, we decided to run out for food. Deciding that we had little to no chance winning a prize, our team decided to take their time and eat a proper lunch at California Pizza Kitchen. As we sat down, one of our members received a phone call telling us that we had made the top 5 projects and had 10 minutes to set up for our presentation. Having taken many scam calls, and the audio being drowned out by the noise of the restaurant, he simply replied “sorry, you have the wrong number” and hung up. A minute later, the same member read his e-mails one repeating the same message, and told his team, multiple times due to their confusion and disbelief. We ended up winning 2nd place far surpassing expectations for any high school team.


Class: Puma::ThreadPool
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Namespace Children | |
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Classes:
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Exceptions:
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| Inherits: | Object |
| Defined in: | lib/puma/thread_pool.rb |
Overview
Internal Docs for A simple thread pool management object.
Each Puma “worker” has a thread pool to process requests.
First a connection to a client is made in Server
. It is wrapped in a Client
instance and then passed to the Reactor
to ensure the whole request is buffered into memory. Once the request is ready, it is passed into a thread pool via the #<< operator where it is stored in a @todo
array.
Each thread in the pool has an internal loop where it pulls a request from the @todo
array and processes it.
Constant Summary
-
SHUTDOWN_GRACE_TIME =
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 26
How long, after raising the
ThreadPool::ForceShutdown
of a thread during forced shutdown mode, to wait for the thread to try and finish up its work before leaving the thread to die on the vine.5
Class Method Summary
- .clean_thread_locals
-
.new(name, options = {}, &block) ⇒ ThreadPool
constructor
Maintain a minimum of
min
and maximum ofmax
threads in the pool.
Instance Attribute Summary
- #busy_threads readonly
- #pool_capacity readonly
- #spawned readonly
- #trim_requested readonly
- #waiting readonly
Instance Method Summary
-
#<<(work)
Add
work
to the todo list for a Thread to pickup and process. - #auto_reap!(timeout = @reaping_time)
- #auto_trim!(timeout = @auto_trim_time)
-
#backlog
How many objects have yet to be processed by the pool?
-
#reap
If there are dead threads in the pool make them go away while decreasing spawned counter so that new healthy threads could be created again.
-
#shutdown(timeout = -1))
Tell all threads in the pool to exit and wait for them to finish.
-
#trim(force = false)
If there are any free threads in the pool, tell one to go ahead and exit.
- #wait_for_less_busy_worker(delay_s)
-
#wait_until_not_full
This method is used by
Server
to let the server know when the thread pool can pull more requests from the socket and pass to the reactor. -
#with_force_shutdown
Allows
ForceShutdown
to be raised within the provided block if the thread is forced to shutdown during execution. - #with_mutex(&block)
- #trigger_out_of_band_hook private
-
#spawn_thread
private
Internal use only
Must be called with @mutex held!
Constructor Details
.new(name, options = {}, &block) ⇒ ThreadPool
Maintain a minimum of min
and maximum of max
threads in the pool.
The block passed is the work that will be performed in each thread.
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 34
def initialize(name, = {}, &block) @not_empty = ConditionVariable.new @not_full = ConditionVariable.new @mutex = Mutex.new @todo = [] @spawned = 0 @waiting = 0 @name = name @min = Integer( [:min_threads]) @max = Integer( [:max_threads]) # Not an 'exposed' option, options[:pool_shutdown_grace_time] is used in CI # to shorten @shutdown_grace_time from SHUTDOWN_GRACE_TIME. Parallel CI # makes stubbing constants difficult. @shutdown_grace_time = Float( [:pool_shutdown_grace_time] || SHUTDOWN_GRACE_TIME) @block = block @out_of_band = [:out_of_band] @clean_thread_locals = [:clean_thread_locals] @reaping_time = [:reaping_time] @auto_trim_time = [:auto_trim_time] @shutdown = false @trim_requested = 0 @out_of_band_pending = false @workers = [] @auto_trim = nil @reaper = nil @mutex.synchronize do @min.times do spawn_thread @not_full.wait(@mutex) end end @force_shutdown = false @shutdown_mutex = Mutex.new end
Class Method Details
.clean_thread_locals
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 80
def self.clean_thread_locals Thread.current.keys.each do |key| # rubocop: disable Style/HashEachMethods Thread.current[key] = nil unless key == :__recursive_key__ end end
Instance Attribute Details
#busy_threads (readonly)
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 99
def busy_threads with_mutex { @spawned - @waiting + @todo.size } end
#pool_capacity (readonly)
[ GitHub ]#spawned (readonly)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 78
attr_reader :spawned, :trim_requested, :waiting
#trim_requested (readonly)
[ GitHub ]#waiting (readonly)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 78
attr_reader :spawned, :trim_requested, :waiting
Instance Method Details
#<<(work)
Add work
to the todo list for a Thread to pickup and process.
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 189
def <<(work) with_mutex do if @shutdown raise "Unable to add work while shutting down" end @todo << work if @waiting < @todo.size and @spawned < @max spawn_thread end @not_empty.signal end end
#auto_reap!(timeout = @reaping_time)
[ GitHub ]#auto_trim!(timeout = @auto_trim_time)
[ GitHub ]#backlog
How many objects have yet to be processed by the pool?
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 88
def backlog with_mutex { @todo.size } end
#reap
If there are dead threads in the pool make them go away while decreasing spawned counter so that new healthy threads could be created again.
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 284
def reap with_mutex do dead_workers = @workers.reject(&:alive?) dead_workers.each do |worker| worker.kill @spawned -= 1 end @workers.delete_if do |w| dead_workers.include?(w) end end end
#shutdown(timeout = -1))
Tell all threads in the pool to exit and wait for them to finish. Wait timeout
seconds then raise ThreadPool::ForceShutdown
in remaining threads. Next, wait an extra @shutdown_grace_time seconds then force-kill remaining threads. Finally, wait 1 second for remaining threads to exit.
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 354
def shutdown(timeout=-1) threads = with_mutex do @shutdown = true @trim_requested = @spawned @not_empty.broadcast @not_full.broadcast @auto_trim&.stop @reaper&.stop # dup workers so that we join them all safely @workers.dup end if timeout == -1 # Wait for threads to finish without force shutdown. threads.each(&:join) else join = ->(inner_timeout) do start = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) threads.reject! do |t| elapsed = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - start t.join inner_timeout - elapsed end end # Wait timeout seconds for threads to finish. join.call(timeout) # If threads are still running, raise ForceShutdown and wait to finish. @shutdown_mutex.synchronize do @force_shutdown = true threads.each do |t| t.raise ForceShutdown if t[:with_force_shutdown] end end join.call(@shutdown_grace_time) # If threads are _still_ running, forcefully kill them and wait to finish. threads.each(&:kill) join.call(1) end @spawned = 0 @workers = [] end
#spawn_thread (private)
Must be called with @mutex held!
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 107
def spawn_thread @spawned += 1 th = Thread.new(@spawned) do |spawned| Puma.set_thread_name '%s tp %03i' % [@name, spawned] todo = @todo block = @block mutex = @mutex not_empty = @not_empty not_full = @not_full while true work = nil mutex.synchronize do while todo.empty? if @trim_requested > 0 @trim_requested -= 1 @spawned -= 1 @workers.delete th not_full.signal Thread.exit end @waiting += 1 if @out_of_band_pending && trigger_out_of_band_hook @out_of_band_pending = false end not_full.signal begin not_empty.wait mutex ensure @waiting -= 1 end end work = todo.shift end if @clean_thread_locals ThreadPool.clean_thread_locals end begin @out_of_band_pending = true if block.call(work) rescue Exception => e STDERR.puts "Error reached top of thread-pool: #{e.} (#{e.class})" end end end @workers << th th end
#trigger_out_of_band_hook (private)
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 166
def trigger_out_of_band_hook return false unless @out_of_band&.any? # we execute on idle hook when all threads are free return false unless @spawned == @waiting @out_of_band.each(&:call) true rescue Exception => e STDERR.puts "Exception calling out_of_band_hook: #{e.} (#{e.class})" true end
#trim(force = false)
If there are any free threads in the pool, tell one to go ahead and exit. If force
is true, then a trim request is requested even if all threads are being utilized.
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 272
def trim(force=false) with_mutex do free = @waiting - @todo.size if (force or free > 0) and @spawned - @trim_requested > @min @trim_requested += 1 @not_empty.signal end end end
#wait_for_less_busy_worker(delay_s)
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 248
def wait_for_less_busy_worker(delay_s) return unless delay_s && delay_s > 0 # Ruby MRI does GVL, this can result # in processing contention when multiple threads # (requests) are running concurrently return unless Puma.mri? with_mutex do return if @shutdown # do not delay, if we are not busy return unless busy_threads > 0 # this will be signaled once a request finishes, # which can happen earlier than delay @not_full.wait @mutex, delay_s end end
#wait_until_not_full
This method is used by Server
to let the server know when the thread pool can pull more requests from the socket and pass to the reactor.
The general idea is that the thread pool can only work on a fixed number of requests at the same time. If it is already processing that number of requests then it is at capacity. If another ::Puma
process has spare capacity, then the request can be left on the socket so the other worker can pick it up and process it.
For example: if there are 5 threads, but only 4 working on requests, this method will not wait and the Server
can pull a request right away.
If there are 5 threads and all 5 of them are busy, then it will pause here, and wait until the not_full
condition variable is signaled, usually this indicates that a request has been processed.
It’s important to note that even though the server might accept another request, it might not be added to the @todo
array right away. For example if a slow client has only sent a header, but not a body then the @todo
array would stay the same size as the reactor works to try to buffer the request. In that scenario the next call to this method would not block and another request would be added into the reactor by the server. This would continue until a fully buffered request makes it through the reactor and can then be processed by the thread pool.
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 231
def wait_until_not_full with_mutex do while true return if @shutdown # If we can still spin up new threads and there # is work queued that cannot be handled by waiting # threads, then accept more work until we would # spin up the max number of threads. return if busy_threads < @max @not_full.wait @mutex end end end
#with_force_shutdown
Allows ThreadPool::ForceShutdown
to be raised within the provided block if the thread is forced to shutdown during execution.
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 338
def with_force_shutdown t = Thread.current @shutdown_mutex.synchronize do raise ForceShutdown if @force_shutdown t[:with_force_shutdown] = true end yield ensure t[:with_force_shutdown] = false end
#with_mutex(&block)
# File 'lib/puma/thread_pool.rb', line 182
def with_mutex(&block) @mutex.owned? ? yield : @mutex.synchronize(&block) end


1 Thus they showed that all those whose statues stood there had been good men, but quite unlike gods.
2 Before these men, they said, the rulers of Egypt were gods, but none had been contemporary with the human priests. Of these gods one or another had in succession been supreme; the last of them to rule the country was Osiris' son Horus, whom the Greeks call Apollo; he deposed Typhon, and was the last divine king of Egypt. Osiris is, in the Greek language, Dionysus.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block css %} {% endblock %} {% block js %} {% endblock %} {% block subheader %}
CSS Properties in order of calls made to each property. Currently counting all calls, including the user agent style sheet. Per-page stats, excluding the user agent style sheet to come soon!
We've been using Chrome's anonymous opt-in usage statistics to count the occurrences of certain CSS features in the wild. The numbers on this page indicate the percentages of sampled webpages that use the corresponding CSS property at least once.
Note that the counting code was only recently submitted to Chromium, so we only have usage statistics from the Canary and Dev channels. In the coming weeks the data from Beta and then Stable users will start flowing in.


--- layout: post title: "morning lyrics" comments: true ---
Some things fall apart Some things makes you whole Some things that you find Are beyond your control


Step 1: Setting up Service Accounts
Before we begin, any steps we take will need you from now on to have downloaded the project from Github. Once you have, we’re ready to go. To make this project work, you will need two accounts, and to do some copy and pasting from your accounts to files to have your own customised application. One is to ensure you can use the application, and another is your database. Both these systems are free to use, but have some restraints, but these won’t affect us here.
First of these is Ionic, which is the framework the applications are built in. You’ll need to sign up on
the Ionic website and download the framework.
You’ll first need to install all the pre-requisites too, But Ionic give a tutorial for doing so,
which if you get stuck, you should follow. Once you’ve done that, on your account page, you should have a blank list of apps
(Or a list of apps if you’ve used the framework before).
From here, create a new App using the new App button, and call it something appropriate, such as “Your Business Here Mobile Ordering”.
Then create a second app named for the application manager,
for example, “Your Business Here Order Management”. You’ll need these names and their app IDs
(found just below the names) in later steps.
Secondly, you’ll need an account on Firebase, which is a Google service. You can start using it with your google account,
or sign up for it on the Firebase Website. Once you have, go to the Console.
Once there, create a new Project and set it to your local region. Once you’ve done that, we'll move on to the next step.


{% include 'header.html' %}
Go to trial page: {{ nct_id }}
Below are the eligibility criteria for the above-referenced trial. Words and phrases that may represent general criteria concepts are highlighted. Select a term on the right in order to develop it further and find trials that share a similar criteria concept. After your work is reviewed by an administrator, this concept will appear in the trial search filters.
A good criteria concept is one that applies to a nontrivial number of trials, but may be expressed using a variety of words or phrases.
Eligibility criteria |
Potential criteria concepts |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ crit.text|safe }} | {% if crit.chunks|length > 0 %}
|
{% else %}
{% endif %} |


VERA Brazil, 1987 92 minutes
Film notes by the Dartmouth Film Society (Copyright 1988, Dartmouth Film Society.)
Director: Sergio Toledo Cinematography: Rodolfo Sanchez Tercio G. da Mota Music: Arrigo Barnabe
Vera:.......................................ANN BEATRIZ NOGUEIRA Prof. Paolo Trauberg:................................RAUL CORTEZ Clara:...............................................AIDA LEINER Orphanage Director:...............................CARLOS KROEBER Paizao:.............................................CIDA ALMEIDA Telma:..........................................ADRIANA ABUJAMRA Helena Trauberg:......................................IMARA REIS Izelda:...............................................NORMA BLUM Librarians:..........................................ABRAM FAARC ..........................................LIANA DUVAL
Director Sergio Toledo's first effort, VERA, is a landmark film for Brazilian cinema, in large measure because of the acting talents of newcomer Ann Beatriz Nogueira and because of the subject matter of the film itself. Brazilian cinema is in large measure state supported and state run -- roughly 40% of the tax levied on the producer's profits are fed back into the film industry by the government; and before a film may be made in Brazil, the producers must have the official permission of the state run Departamento de Divertimentos Publicos (Divisao de Censura). Further, the state requires that all theatres show newsreels and short subject films of local and regional interest before every feature film. Over the years, such state involvement has not fostered a bristling, busy cinema industry, and it is a measure of the relative lack of home grown Brazilian celluloid that the government now requires that all theatres show one full length original Brazilian film for every eight foreign films. It was against this backdrop several years ago that director Sergio Toledo cast Ann Beatriz Nogueira in a film that unlike so much of Brazilian cinema did not depict the history of Brazil or dramatize the local folklore. VERA is groundbreaking not so much for its homosexual content, but rather for its quality of being a story that could have taken place anywhere, in any society.
VERA is the story of an unhappy young woman struggling with her identity and sexuality. Reared in a Sao Paolo orphanage, Vera is subject at an early age to a spartan, if not positively bleak existence. In the orphanage she develops her own strong belief in a kind of social Darwinism -- and in the process of selecting herself as one of those destined to survive comes to the conclusion that to be feminine is to be vulnerable and weak. Thus, like many of the other young girls in the orphanage, she strives to be more masculine, more aggressive; and in this endeavour, she is vastly more successful than her peers. By the time she leaves the orphanage, she is convinced that she is really a man trapped in a woman's body and she resolves herself to live out her life in a masculine fashion.
Following her leaving the orphanage she finds work as a librarian and begins to make masculine sexual advances towards one of her coworkers, Clara. It is in the context of Vera's relationship with Clara that VERA, the film, begins to shine. Vera, the character, now calling herself by her surname, Bauer, cannot understand why Clara is upset by her sexual advances -- she, Bauer, is after all an attractive young man.  The plot twists and the sexual identities of the characters become skewed, and all the while director Toledo makes his most salient social commentary. As Vera the character begins to bully Clara in the machismo fashion of a hot-blooded Latino man, Toledo poses the question of whether aggression and desire for dominance are strictly masculine traits, or whether both sexes share equally in their desire to subordinate their sexual partners.  From Bauer's point of view, Clara is a woman to be alternately wooed and forcefully driven into a heterosexual relationship. From Clara's point of view, Vera is both the alluring lesbian seductress and the domineering bull dyke.
Much of the weight of making the film a success falls on the shoulders of lead actress Ann Beatriz Nogueira, and she bears this burden admirably, as her best actress award at the 1987 Berlin film festival will attest. Carrying herself as a man and managing to assume a masculine role in a serious and occasionally black dramatic work light years removed from the likes of Victor/Victoria and Tootsie, Nogueira earned the praise of one Latin American critic who suggested that she was "destined to be Brazil's first great actress." Vincent Canby of the New York Times seems to concur, saying "Miss Nogueira is exceptionally good in the title role."
Sergio Toledo as director meets with less lavish praise, although few critics would suggest that as a directorial debut VERA is anything less than outstanding. Vincent Canby continues his observations on the film by commenting "Mr. Toledo is a writer and director of real potential, though he can't yet bring himself to go directly to the heart of a scene if it means sacrificing picturesque images or ruthlessly cutting out redundancies, such as the television images of destructive phallic symbols that punctuate the movie from start to finish." Indeed, there are sequences in the film where pictorial continuity takes a backseat to the exciting camera angle, and more than once the viewer's attention is drawn from the story in the time it takes to think "gee, what a neat camera angle," or "wow, what a clever image." Most critics would agree that Toledo still has to learn the value of subtlety.
Perhaps the greatest shortcoming of the film is the ending, which one critic described as "lame... not only biologically improbable... it undercuts the pointed social comment that the film makes;" however, the ending aside, VERA is still a milestone for Brazilian cinema. Following in the footsteps of countrywoman Fernanda Torres, who won a prize at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival for her work in the soapsudsy "Love me Forever or Never," Nogueira makes a strong stamp on the international cinema scene. Further, under Toledo's direction she examines topics that are universal and could take place in any society -- not the Brazil of the historical past that brought such films as director Carlos Diegues' Quilombo (starring Daniel Filho Joao Nogueira) to the world's attention in 1984. For a film made in a heavily state influenced industry, for a directorial debut, and for one of the first films from Brazil to win international acclaim, VERA is truly a groundbreaking work.
- Eric Overton
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


I was born and raised in Taiwan then moved to Seattle ten years ago. I grew up in a loving family with two sisters. After finishing high school, I came to Seattle for college following my older sister's footsteps. It was difficult at first since English was my second language. What was even harder was to attend college with a second language that I did not know much about! However I never gave up but work even harder to improve my English and completed all the courses. In 2014, I was proud to invite my parents and relatives to my graduation ceremony as I earned my bachelor degree from University of Washington.
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, VSCode, Linux, Git, Github
Before studying at Code Fellows, I was teaching myself Python through online tutorials. After spending some time on it I decided to get formal education then I found Code Fellows. I started Code 201 first. My goal after finishing Code 201 is to be able to build a completed website with well-organized structure that shows good skills of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Asia - Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
Africa - Egypt, South Africa
Europe - France, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Turkey, Vatican City
North America - Canada, Mexico, United States
Oceania - New Zealand
Traveling, Singing, Painting, Driving, Hiking, Writing
Apples, Bananas, Lychee


Learn about it, Speak about it, Do something about it.
Supernova was created to provide a convenient way for students to gain awareness about current events, foster in depth discussions, and engage with their communities.
Learn! Curiate your feed to recieve articles and watch videos based on your interests.
Go to ResourcesSpeak about it! Enter chat rooms, debates, and forums; to gain perspective, ask questions, and discuss material.
Enter Discussion CenterTake Action! Find events, community engagement oppurtunities, and protests going on near you.
View Map


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APIProperty [] | Parameters [get, set] |
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ClientID | Client [get, set] |
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AsyncResponse [] | SendResponseTo [get, set] |
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SaveOption [] | SaveOptions [get, set] |
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sbyte | Priority [get, set] |
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bool | PrioritySpecified [get, set] |
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string | ConversationID [get, set] |
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int | SequenceCode [get, set] |
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bool | SequenceCodeSpecified [get, set] |
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int | CallsInConversation [get, set] |
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bool | CallsInConversationSpecified [get, set] |
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System.DateTime | ScheduledTime [get, set] |
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bool | ScheduledTimeSpecified [get, set] |
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RequestType | RequestType [get, set] |
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Priority | QueuePriority [get, set] |
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bool | QueuePrioritySpecified [get, set] |
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The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- FuelSDK-CSharp/ExactTargetSOAP.cs


%- include('partials/head.ejs'), {title: title}%>
You have reviewed <%= reviews.length %> course(s).
Edit <%= review.course_id %>: <%= review.title %>


Beyond 1st Level
As your character goes on adventures and overcomes challenges, he or she gains experience, represented by experience points. A character who reaches a specified experience point total advances in capability. This advancement is called gaining a level.
When your character gains a level, his or her class often grants additional features, as detailed in the class description. Some of these features allow you to increase your ability scores, either increasing two scores by 1 each or increasing one score by 2. You can't increase an ability score above 20. In addition, every character's proficiency bonus increases at certain levels.
Each time you gain a level, you gain 1 additional Hit Die. Roll that Hit Die, add your Constitution modifier to the roll, and add the total to your hit point maximum. Alternatively, you can use the fixed value shown in your class entry, which is the average result of the die roll (rounded up).
When your Constitution modifier increases by 1, your hit point maximum increases by 1 for each level you have attained. For example, when Bruenor reaches 8th level as a fighter, he increases his Constitution score from 17 to 18, thus increasing his Constitution modifier from +3 to +4. His hit point maximum then increases by 8.
The Character Advancement table summarizes the XP you need to advance in levels from level 1 through level 20, and the proficiency bonus for a character of that level. Consult the information in your character's class description to see what other improvements you gain at each level.
Tiers of Play
The shading in the Character Advancement table shows the four tiers of play. The tiers don't have any rules associated with them; they are a general description of how the play experience changes as characters gain levels.
- In the first tier (levels 1-4), characters are effectively apprentice adventurers. They are learning the features that define them as members of particular classes, including the major choices that flavor their class features as they advance (such as a wizard's Arcane Tradition or a fighter's Martial Archetype). The threats they face are relatively minor, usually posing a danger to local farmsteads or villages.
- In the second tier (levels 5-10), characters come into their own. Many spellcasters gain access to 3rd-level spells at the start of this tier, crossing a new threshold of magical power with spells such as fireball and lightning bolt. At this tier, many weapon-using classes gain the ability to make multiple attacks in one round. These characters have become important, facing dangers that threaten cities and kingdoms.
- In the third tier (levels 11-16), characters have reached a level of power that sets them high above the ordinary populace and makes them special even among adventurers. At 11th level, many spellcasters gain access to 6th-level spells, some of which create effects previously impossible for player characters to achieve. Other characters gain features that allow them to make more attacks or do more impressive things with those attacks. These mighty adventurers often confront threats to whole regions and continents.
- At the fourth tier (levels 17-20), characters achieve the pinnacle of their class features, becoming heroic (or villainous) archetypes in their own right. The fate of the world or even the fundamental order of the multiverse might hang in the balance during their adventures.
| Experience Points | Level | Proficiency Bonus |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | +2 |
| 300 | 2 | +2 |
| 900 | 3 | +2 |
| 2,700 | 4 | +2 |
| 6,500 | 5 | +3 |
| 14,000 | 6 | +3 |
| 23,000 | 7 | +3 |
| 34,000 | 8 | +3 |
| 48,000 | 9 | +4 |
| 64,000 | 10 | +4 |
| 85,000 | 11 | +4 |
| 100,000 | 12 | +4 |
| 120,000 | 13 | +5 |
| 140,000 | 14 | +5 |
| 165,000 | 15 | +5 |
| 195,000 | 16 | +5 |
| 225,000 | 17 | +6 |
| 265,000 | 18 | +6 |
| 305,000 | 19 | +6 |
| 355,000 | 20 | +6 |
Languages
Your race indicates the languages your character can speak by default, and your background might give you access to one or more additional languages of your choice. Note these languages on your character sheet.
With your DM's permission, you can instead choose a language from the Exotic Languages table or a secret language, such as thieves' cant or the tongue of druids.
Some of these languages are actually families of languages with many dialects. For example, the Primordial language includes the Auran, Aquan, Ignan, and Terran dialects, one for each of the four elemental planes. Creatures that speak different dialects of the same language can communicate with one another.
| Language | Typical Speakers | Script |
|---|---|---|
| Common | Humans | Common |
| Dwarvish | Dwarves | Dwarvish |
| Elvish | Elves | Elvish |
| Giant | Ogres, giants | Dwarvish |
| Gnomish | Gnomes | Dwarvish |
| Goblin | Goblinoids | Dwarvish |
| Halfling | Halflings | Common |
| Orc | Orcs | Dwarvish |
| Language | Typical Speakers | Script |
|---|---|---|
| Abyssal | Demons | Infernal |
| Celestial | Celestials | Celestial |
| Draconic | Dragons, Dragonborn | Draconic |
| Deep Speech | Mind Flayers, Beholders | - |
| Infernal | Devils | Infernal |
| Primordial | Elementals | Dwarvish |
| Sylvan | Fey Creatures | Elvish |
| Undercommon | Underdark traders | Elvish |
Multiclassing
Multiclassing allows you to gain levels in multiple classes. Doing so lets you mix the abilities of those classes to realize a character concept that might not be reflected in one of the standard class options.
With this rule, you have the option of gaining a level in a new class whenever you advance in level, instead of gaining a level in your current class. Your levels in all your classes are added together to determine your character level. For example, if you have three levels in wizard and two in fighter, you're a 5th-level character.
As you advance in levels, you might primarily remain a member of your original class with just a few levels in another class, or you might change course entirely. never looking back at the class you left behind. You might even start progressing in a third or fourth class. Compared to a single-class character of the same level, you'll sacrifice some focus in exchange for versatility.
Prerequisites
To qualify for a new class, you must meet the ability score. prerequisites for both your current class and your new one, as shown in the Multiclassing Prerequisites table. For example, a barbarian who decides to multiclass into the druid class must have both Strength and Wisdom scores of 13 or higher. Without the full training that a beginning character receives, you must be a quick study in your new class. having a natural aptitude that is reflected by higher-than-average ability scores.
| Class | Ability Score Minimum |
|---|---|
| Barbarian | Strength 13 |
| Bard | Charisma 13 |
| Cleric | Wisdom 13 |
| Druid | Wisdom 13 |
| Fighter | Strength 13 or Dexterity 13 |
| Monk | Dexterity 13 and Wisdom 13 |
| Paladin | Strength 13 and Charisma 13 |
| Ranger | Dexterity 13 and Wisdom 13 |
| Rogue | Dexterity 13 |
| Sorcerer | Charisma 13 |
| Warlock | Charisma 13 |
| Wizard | Intelligence 13 |
Experience Points
The experience point cost to gain a level is always based on your total character level, as shown in the Character Advancement table in chapter I, not your level in a particular class. So, if you are a cleric 6/fighter 1, you must gain enough XP to reach 8th level before you can take your second level as a fighter or your seventh level as a cleric.
Hit Points and Hit Dice
You gain the hit points from your new class as described for levels after 1st. You gain the 1st-level hit points for a class only when you are a 1st-level character.
You add together the Hit Dice granted by all your classes to form your pool of Hit Dice. if the Hit Dice are the same die type, you can simply pool them together. For example, both the fighter and the paladin have a d10. so if you area paladin 5/fighter 5, you have ten d10 Hit Dice. If your classes give you Hit Dice of different types, keep track of them separately. If you area paladin 5/cleric 5, for example, you have five d10 Hit Dice and five d8 Hit Dice.
Proficiency Bonus
Your proficiency bonus is always based on your total character level, as shown in the Character Advancement table in chapter 1, not your level in a particular class. For example, if you are a fighter 3/rogue 2, you have the proficiency bonus of a 5th-level character, which is +3.
Proficiencies
When you gain a level in a class other than your first, you gain only some of that class's starting proficiencies, as shown in the Multiclassing Proficiencies table.
| Class | Proficiencies Gained |
|---|---|
| Barbarian | Shields, simple weapons, martial weapons |
| Bard | Light armor, one skill of your choice, one musical instrument of your choice |
| Cleric | Light armor, medium armor, shields |
| Druid | Light armor, medium armor, shields (druids will not wear armor or use shields made of metal) |
| Fighter | Light armor, medium armor, shields, simple weapons, martial weapons |
| Monk | Simple weapons, shortswords |
| Paladin | Light armor, medium armor, shields, simple weapons, martial weapons |
| Ranger | Light armor, medium armor, shields, simple weapons, martial weapons, one skill from the class's skill list |
| Rogue | Light armor, one skill from the class's skill list, thieves' tools |
| Sorcerer | — |
| Warlock | Light armor, simple weapons |
| Wizard | — |
Class Features
When you gain a new level in a class, you get its features for that level. A few features, however, have additional rules when you're multiclassing: Channel Divinity, Extra Attack, Unarmored Defense, and Spellcasting.
- Channel Divinity
- If you already have the Channel Divinity feature and gain a level in a class that also grants the feature, you gain the Channel Divinity effects granted by that class, but getting the feature again doesn't give you an additional use of it. You gain additional uses only when you reach a class level that explicitly grants them to you. For example, if you are a cleric 6/paladin 4, you can use Channel Divinity twice between rests because you are high enough level in the cleric class to have more uses. Whenever you use the feature, you can choose any of the Channel Divinity effects available to you from your two classes.
- Extra Attack
- If you gain the Extra Attack class feature from more than one class, the features don't add together. You can't make more than two attacks with this feature unless it says you do (as the fighter's version of Extra Attack does). Similarly, the warlock's eldritch invocation Thirsting Blade doesn't give you additional attacks if you also have Extra Attack.
- Unarmored Defense
- If you already have the Unarmored Defense feature, you can't gain it again from another class.
- Spellcasting
- Your capacity for spellcasting depends partly on your combined levels in all your spellcasting classes and partly on your individual levels in those classes. Once you have the Spellcasting feature from more than one class, use the rules below. If you multiclass but have the Spellcasting feature from only one class, you follow the rules as described in that class.
Spells Known and Prepared
You determine what spells you know and can prepare for each class individually, as if you were a single-classed member of that class. If you are a ranger 4/wizard 3, for example, you know three 1st-level ranger spells based on your levels in the ranger class. As 3rd-level wizard, you know three wizard cantrips, and your spellbook contains ten wizard spells, two of which (the two you gained when you reached 3rd level as a wizard) can be 2nd-level spells. If your intelligence is 16, you can prepare six wizard spells from your spellbook.
Each spell you know and prepare is associated with one of your classes, and you use the spellcasting ability of that class when you cast the spell. Similarly, a spellcasting focus, such as a holy symbol, can he used only for the spells from the class associated with that focus.
Spell Slots
You determine your available spell slots by adding together all your levels in the bard, cleric, druid, sorcerer, and wizard classes, half your levels (rounded down) in the paladin and ranger classes, and a third of your fighter or rogue levels (rounded down) if you have the Eldritch Knight or the Arcane Trickster feature. Use this total to determine your spell slots by consulting the Multiclass Spellcaster table.
If you have more than one spellcasting class, this table might give you spell slots of a level that is higher than the spells you know or can prepare. You can use those slots, but only to cast your lower-level spells. If a lower-level spell that you cast, like burning hands, has an enhanced effect when cast using a higher-level slot, you can use the enhanced effect, even though you don't have any spells of that higher level.
For example, if you are the aforementioned ranger 4/wizard 3. you count as a 5th-level character when determining your spell slots: you have four 1st-level slots, three 2nd-level slots, and two 3rd-level slots. However, you don't know any 3rd-level spells, nor do you know any 2nd-level ranger spells. You can use the spell slots of those levels to cast the spells you do know—and potentially enhance their effects.
Pact Magic
If you have both the Spellcasting class feature and the Pact Magic class feature from the warlock class, you can use the spell slots you gain from the Pact Magic feature to cast spells you know or have prepared from classes with the Spellcasting class feature, and you can use the spell slots you gain from the Spellcasting class feature to cast warlock spells you know.
| Lvl. | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3rd | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4th | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 5th | 4 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 6th | 4 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 7th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 8th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 9th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 10th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 11th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 12th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 13th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 14th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 15th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 16th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 17th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 18th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 19th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 20th | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Step-by-Step Characters
Your first step in playing an adventurer in the Dungeons & Dragons game is to imagine and create a character of your own. Your character is a combination of various statistics, roleplaying hooks, and your imagination. You choose a race (such as human or halfling) and a class (such as fighter or wizard). You also invent the personality, appearance, and backstory of your character. Once completed, your character serves as your representative in the game, your avatar in the Dungeons & Dragons world.
Before you dive into step 1 below, think about the kind of adventurer you want to play. You might be a courageous fighter, a skulking rogue, a fervent cleric, or a flamboyant wizard. Or you might be more interested in an unconventional character, such as a brave rogue who likes hand-to-hand combat, or a sharpshooter who picks off enemies from afar. Do you like fantasy fiction featuring dwarves or elves? Try building a character of one of those races. Do you want your character to be the toughest adventurer at the table? Consider a class like barbarian or paladin. If you don't know where else to begin, take a look at the illustrations in this book to see what catches your interest.
Once you have a character in mind, roll on these steps in order, making decisions that reflect the character you want. Your conception of your character might evolve with each choice you make. What's important is that you come to the table with a character you're excited to play.
Throughout this chapter, we use the term character sheet to mean whatever you use to track your character, whether its a formal character sheet (like the one at the end of this book), some form of digital record, or a piece of notebook paper. An official D&D character sheet is a fine place to start until you know what information you need and how you use it during the game.
Building Bruenor
Each step of character creation includes an example of that step, with a player named Bob building his dwarf character, Bruenor.
-
Choose a Race
Every character belongs to a race, one of the many intelligent humanoid species in the D&D world. The most common player character races are dwarves, elves, halflings, and humans. Some races also have subraces, such as mountain dwarf or wood elf. Chapter 2 provides more information about these races.
The race you choose contributes to your character's identity in an important way, by establishing a general appearance and the natural talents gained from culture and ancestry. Your character's race grants particular racial traits, such as special senses, proficiency with certain weapons or tools, proficiency in one or more skills, or the ability to use minor spells. These traits sometimes dovetail with the capabilities of certain classes (see step 2). For example, the racial traits of lightfoot halflings make them exceptional rogues, and high elves tend to be powerful wizards. Sometimes playing against type can be fun, too. Halfling paladins and mountain dwarf wizards, for example, can be unusual but memorable characters.
Your race also increases one or more of your ability scores, which you determine in step 3. Note these increases and remember to apply them later.
Record the traits granted by your race on your character sheet. Be sure to note your starting languages and your base speed as well.
-
Choose a Class
Every adventurer is a member of a class. Class broadly describes a character's vocation, what special talents he or she possesses, and the tactics he or she is most likely to employ when exploring a dungeon, fighting monsters, or engaging in a tense negotiation. The character classes are described in chapter 3.
Your character receives a number of benefits from your choice of class. Many of these benefits are class features - capabilities (including spellcasting) that set your character apart from members of other classes. You also gain a number of proficiencies: armor, weapons, skills, saving throws, and sometimes tools. Your proficiencies define many of the things your character can do particularly well, from using certain weapons to telling a convincing lie.
On your character sheet, record all the features that your class gives you at 1st level.
- Level
Typically, a character starts at 1st level and advances in level by adventuring and gaining experience points (XP). A 1st-level character is inexperienced in the adventuring world, although he or she might have been a soldier or a pirate and done dangerous things before.
 If you're already familiar with the game, or if you are joining an existing D&D campaign, your DM might decide to have you begin at a higher level, on the assumption that your character has already survived a few harrowing adventures.
Record your level on your character sheet. If you're starting at a higher level, record the additional elements your class gives you for your levels past 1st. Also record your experience points. A 1st-level character has 0 XP. A higher-level character typically begins with the minimum amount of XP required to reach that level (see "Beyond 1st Level" later in this chapter).
- Hit Points
and- Hit Dice
Your character's hit points define how tough your character is in combat and other dangerous situations. Your hit points are determined by your Hit Dice (short for Hit Point Dice).
At 1st level, your character has 1 Hit Die, and the die type is determined by your class. You start with hit points equal to the highest roll of that die, as indicated in your class description. (You also add your Constitution modifier, which you'll determine in step 3.) This is also your hit point maximum.
Record your character's hit points on your character sheet. Also record the type of Hit Die your character uses and the number of Hit Dice you have. After you rest, you can spend Hit Dice to regain hit points (see "Resting" in chapter 8).
- Proficiency Bonus
The table that appears in your class description shows your proficiency bonus, which is +2 for a 1st-level character. Your proficiency bonus applies to many of the numbers you'll be recording on your character sheet:
- Attack rolls using weapons you're proficient with
- Attack rolls with spells you cast
- Ability checks using skills you're proficient in
- Ability checks using tools you're proficient with
- Saving throws you're proficient in
- Saving throw DCs for spells you cast (explained in each spellcasting class)
Your class determines your weapon proficiencies, your saving throw proficiencies, and some of your skill and tool proficiencies. (Skills are described in chapter 7, tools in chapter 5.) Your background gives you additional skill and tool proficiencies, and some races give you more proficiencies. Be sure to note all of these proficiencies, as well as your proficiency bonus, on your character sheet.
Your proficiency bonus can't be added to a single die roll or other number more than once. Occasionally, your proficiency bonus might be modified (doubled or halved, for example) before you apply it. If a circumstance suggests that your proficiency bonus applies more than once to the same roll or that it should be multiplied more than once, you nevertheless add it only once, multiply it only once, and halve it only once.
Determine Ability Scores
Much of what your character does in the game depends on his or her six abilities: Strength, Dexterity, Constitution, Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma. Each ability has a score, which is a number you record on your character sheet.
The six abilities and their use in the game are described in chapter 7. The Ability Score Summary table provides a quick reference for what qualities are measured by each ability, what races increases which abilities, and what classes consider each ability particularly important.
You generate your character's six ability scores randomly. Roll four 6-sided dice and record the total of the highest three dice on a piece of scratch paper. Do this five more times, so that you have six numbers. If you want to save time or don't like the idea of randomly determining ability scores, you can use the following scores instead: 15, 14, 13, 12, 10, 8.
Now take your six numbers and write each number beside one of your character's six abilities to assign scores to Strength, Dexterity, Constitution, Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma. Afterward, make any changes to your ability scores as a result of your race choice.
After assigning your ability scores, determine your ability modifiers using the Ability Scores and Modifiers table. To determine an ability modifier without consulting the table, subtract 10 from the ability score and then divide the result by 2 (round down). Write the modifier next to each of your scores.
- Strength
- Measures: Natural athleticism, bodily power Important for: Barbarian, fighter, paladin Races that have a bonus to Strength
- Dexterity
- Measures: Physical agility, reflexes, balance, poise Important for: Monk, ranger, rogue Races that have a bonus to Dexterity
- Constitution
- Measures: Health, stamina, vital force Important for: Everyone Races that have a bonus to Constitution
- Intelligence
- Measures: Mental acuity, information recall, analytical skill Important for: Wizard Races that have a bonus to Intelligence
- Wisdom
- Measures: Awareness, intuition, insight Important for: Cleric, druid Races that have a bonus to Wisdom
- Charisma
- Measures: Confidence, eloquence, leadership Important for: Bard, sorcerer, warlock Races that have a bonus to Charisma
Describe Your Character
Once you know the basic game aspects of your character, it's time to flesh him or her out as a person. Your character needs a name. Spend a few minutes thinking about what he or she looks like and how he or she behaves in general terms.
Using the information in chapter 4, you can flesh out your character's physical appearance and personality traits. Choose your character's alignment (the moral compass that guides his or her decisions) and ideals. Chapter 4 also helps you identify the things your character holds most dear, called bonds, and the flaws that could one day undermine him or her.
Your character's background describes where he or she came from, his or her original occupation, and the character's place in the D&D world.
Your DM might offer additional backgrounds beyond the ones included in chapter 4, and might be willing to work with you to craft a background that's a more precise fit for your character concept.
A background gives your character a background feature (a general benefit) and proficiency in two skills, and it might also give you additional languages or proficiency with certain kinds of tools. Record this information, along with the personality information you develop, on your character sheet.
 A very strong character with low Intelligence might think and behave very differently from a very smart character with low Strength.
For example, high
- Strength
usually corresponds with a burly or athletic body, while a character with low Strength might be scrawny or plump.A character with high
- Dexterity
is probably lithe and slim, while a character with low Dexterity might be either gangly and awkward or heavy and thick-fingered.A character with high
- Constitution
usually looks healthy, with bright eyes and abundant energy. A character with low Constitution might be sickly or frail.A character with high
- Intelligence
might be highly inquisitive and studious, while a character with low Intelligence might speak simply or easily forget details.A character with high
- Wisdom
has good judgment, empathy, and a general awareness of what's going on. A character with low Wisdom might be absent-minded, foolhardy, or oblivious.A character with high
- Charisma
exudes confidence, which is usually mixed with a graceful or intimidating presence. A character with a low Charisma might come across as abrasive, inarticulate, or timid.-
Choose Equipment
Your class and background determine your character's starting equipment, including weapons, armor, and other adventuring gear. Record this equipment on your character sheet. All such items are detailed in chapter 5.
Instead of taking the gear given to you by your class and background, you can purchase your starting equipment. You have a number of gold pieces (gp) to spend based on your class, as shown in chapter 5. Extensive lists of equipment, with prices, also appear in that chapter.
If you wish, you can also have one trinket at no cost (see the Trinkets table at the end of chapter 5).
Your Strength score limits the amount of gear you can carry. Try not to purchase equipment with a total weight (in pounds) exceeding your Strength score times 15. Chapter 7 has more information on carrying capacity.
- Armor Class
Your Armor Class (AC) represents how well your character avoids being wounded in battle. Things that contribute to your AC include the armor you wear, the shield you carry, and your Dexterity modifier. Not all characters wear armor or carry shields, however.
Without armor or a shield, your character's AC equals 10 + his or her Dexterity modifier. If your character wears armor, carries a shield, or both, calculate your AC using the rules in chapter 5. Record your AC on your character sheet.
Your character needs to be proficient with armor and shields to wear and use them effectively, and your armor and shield proficiencies are determined by your class.
There are drawbacks to wearing armor or carrying a shield if you lack the required proficiency, as explained in chapter 5.
Some spells and class features give you a different way to calculate your AC. If you have multiple features that give you different ways to calculate your AC, you choose which one to use.
Weapons
For each weapon your character wields, calculate the modifier you use when you attack with the weapon and the damage you deal when you hit.
When you make an attack with a weapon, you roll a d20 and add your proficiency bonus (but only if you are proficient with the weapon) and the appropriate ability modifier.
- For attacks with melee weapons, use your Strength modifier for attack and damage rolls. A weapon that has the finesse property, such as a rapier, can use your Dexterity modifier instead.
- For attacks with ranged weapons, use your Dexterity modifier for attack and damage rolls. A weapon that has the thrown property, such as a handaxe, can use your Strength modifier instead.
-
Come Together
Most D&D characters don't work alone. Each character plays a role within a party, a group of adventurers working together for a common purpose. Teamwork and cooperation greatly improve your party's chances to survive the many perils in the worlds of Dungeons & Dragons. Talk to your fellow players and your DM to decide whether your characters know one another, how they met, and what sorts of quests the group might undertake.


Jose faction moves police
Joseph’s son, 14 others, accused of character assassination
by Staff ReporterWith the factional war in the Kerala Congress (M) spilling over to the digital space, the faction led by Jose K. Mani has approached the police against the rival group for their alleged attempts to defame the late K.M. Mani and his family members.
Joseph’s son
The complaints have accused Appu Jacob John, son of KC(M) working chairman P.J. Joseph, and 14 others of character assassination and abuse.
Accusing the Joseph faction of creating fake accounts in various social networking sites, the screenshots of these abusive statements allegedly made by the accused too have been attached with the complaints. Besides Mr. John, who reportedly heads the social media unit of the Joseph faction, action has been sought against senior Joseph-faction leader Saji Manjakadambil and Rakesh Idappura on the same charges.
The complaints have been handed over to the cyber police for investigation. The latest development comes even as the Election Commission of India is slated to consider the leadership dispute between Mr. Mani and Mr. Joseph at a hearing on Tuesday.
Rally, meeting
Meanwhile, the Kottayam district committee of the KC(M), constituted by the Jose faction, is slated to launch its preparation for the upcoming local body elections with a mass rally and meeting of the party workers at Kaduthuruthy on November 30. Mr. Mani will inaugurate the rally, which will be attended by Thomas Chazhikadan, MP, legislators Roshy Augustine and N. Jayaraj.
The rally in Kaduthuruthy will be followed up with similar events in all the Assembly segments of Kottayam in December and January.


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more | |
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with | |
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. | |
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 | |
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with | |
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 10 | * | |
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 15 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 16 | */ | |
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.threed; | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.util.Collections; | |
| 20 | import java.util.List; | |
| 21 | ||
| 22 | import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.Transform; | |
| 23 | import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.partitioning.Hyperplane; | |
| 24 | import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.partitioning.HyperplaneConvexSubset; | |
| 25 | import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.partitioning.Split; | |
| 26 | import org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.ConvexArea; | |
| 27 | ||
| 28 | /** Interface representing a finite or infinite convex subset of points in a plane in Euclidean 3D | |
| 29 | * space. | |
| 30 | */ | |
| 31 | public interface PlaneConvexSubset extends PlaneSubset, HyperplaneConvexSubset<Vector3D> { | |
| 32 | ||
| 33 | /** {@inheritDoc} */ | |
| 34 | @Override | |
| 35 | PlaneConvexSubset reverse(); | |
| 36 | ||
| 37 | /** {@inheritDoc} */ | |
| 38 | @Override | |
| 39 | PlaneConvexSubset transform(Transform<Vector3D> transform); | |
| 40 | ||
| 41 | /** {@inheritDoc} */ | |
| 42 | @Override | |
| 43 | Split<PlaneConvexSubset> split(Hyperplane<Vector3D> splitter); | |
| 44 | ||
| 45 | /** {@inheritDoc} */ | |
| 46 | @Override | |
| 47 | PlaneConvexSubset.Embedded getEmbedded(); | |
| 48 | ||
| 49 | /** Get the vertices for the convex subset in a counter-clockwise order as viewed looking down the plane | |
| 50 | * normal. Each vertex in the returned list is unique. If the boundary of the subset is closed, the start | |
| 51 | * vertex is not repeated at the end of the list. | |
| 52 | * | |
| 53 | *
It is important to note that, in general, the list of vertices returned by this method | |
| 54 | * is not sufficient to completely characterize the subset. For example, a simple triangle | |
| 55 | * has 3 vertices, but an infinite area constructed from two parallel lines and two lines that | |
| 56 | * intersect between them will also have 3 vertices. It is also possible for non-empty subsets to | |
| 57 | * contain no vertices at all. For example, a subset with no boundaries (representing the full | |
| 58 | * plane), a subset with a single boundary (ie, a half-plane), or a subset with two parallel boundaries will | |
| 59 | * not contain any vertices.
 | |
| 60 | * @return the list of vertices for the plane convex subset in a counter-clockwise order as viewed looking | |
| 61 | * down the plane normal | |
| 62 | */ | |
| 63 | List<Vector3D> getVertices(); | |
| 64 | ||
| 65 | /** {@inheritDoc} | |
| 66 | * | |
| 67 | *
This method simply returns a singleton list containing this object.
 | |
| 68 | */ | |
| 69 | @Override | |
| 70 | default List<PlaneConvexSubset> toConvex() { | |
| 71 |
1
1. toConvex : mutated return of Object value for org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/threed/PlaneConvexSubset::toConvex to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) → KILLED |
return Collections.singletonList(this); |
| 72 | } | |
| 73 | ||
| 74 | /** Interface used to represent plane convex subsets as embedded 2D subspace regions. | |
| 75 | */ | |
| 76 | interface Embedded extends PlaneSubset.Embedded { | |
| 77 | ||
| 78 | /** {@inheritDoc} */ | |
| 79 | @Override | |
| 80 | ConvexArea getSubspaceRegion(); | |
| 81 | } | |
| 82 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 71 |
1.1 |


German manufacturing output to shrink by 4% this year – Germany’s BDI
by Dhwani MehtaAccording to Germany’s powerful BDI industry association’s Managing Director Joachim Lang, manufacturing production in Europe’s economic powerhouse is expected to decline by 4% this year.
Additional Quotes:
“German exports seen only edging up half a percentage point in 2019 due to weaker foreign demand.”
“After six consecutive years of growth, Germany’s industrial sector is stuck in recession since the third quarter of 2018.”


Mental health is important to us here at Safe Space. Mental health is an issue that is rising amongst the US population. Lambda School has assigned our team, pictured below, to design a website and application for anyone who needs support!
This application we are creating for you is specifically designed to give the support when you need it and when you think you don't! We care deeply about this, and we work tirelessly to make a difference!


I'm Nixon Kipkorir Koech, a student
at Moringa school and currently in the prep class.
I am glad to share the projects I have done so far, with you.
I began my studies in 2004 and graduated with a Kenya
Certificate of Primary Education in 2012.
I then joined Moi Minariet Boys High School in 2012 for
a Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. I then graduated in 2017.
I'm currently a student at Moringa School pursuing software development.
This was my first project ever. It was all about the songs that I loved most, though there
is no relation among them, but I just branded it My-Favourite band.
This was my second project. It was all about a landing page for a restaurant.
It Contained all the foodstuffs served e.g breakfasts, drinks, lunch and dinner.
It also contains the responses from some of our customers.Find all resources including a live demo here
Dairy businesss broject was my first project to apply Javascript knowledge. It was a project that aims in
automating the activities in my dairy business by collecting daily, weekly, monthly and yearly reports.
Click here to view.
This project was about a business company of someone called Daniel. The business sells home and business
Electro-mechanical appliances.
My timer project was my second project to apply Javascript. It resembles a stopwatch. Has start, stop and reset
clickable buttons. On clicking the start button the seconds start to increment by one, but upon reaching 60 seconds,
it jumps over to minutes and seconds start over again. This also happens to the hours side. Feel free to check the
source code and live demo here


This is a restricted server for internal use. It is only accessible via sandbox.internal.test domain.


Turn your podcasts into videos to share on social media!
Processes, best practices, and tips to take your podcast to the next level.
Turn audio into a shareable video.
Open Source Video Conferencing
Capturing ideas
Kanban board
Script writing & collaboration
Scheduling
Search Podcasts
iOS app recording studio
A soundboard for live digitial sound
Medium for your ears
Transcription reinvented


Before Change
exact_values = {
"vacuum mag. permeability": (mu0, "N A^-2", 0.0),
"vacuum electric permittivity": (epsilon0, "F m^-1", 0.0),
"atomic unit of permittivity": (4 * epsilon0 * pi, "F m^-1", 0.0),
"joule-kilogram relationship": (1 / (c * c), "kg", 0.0),
"kilogram-joule relationship": (c * c, "J", 0.0),
After Change
c = value("speed of light in vacuum")
mu0 = value("vacuum mag. permeability")
epsilon0 = value("vacuum electric permittivity")
// Table is lacking some digits for exact values: calculate from definition
exact_values = {
"joule-kilogram relationship": (1 / (c * c), "kg", 0.0),
"kilogram-joule relationship": (c * c, "J", 0.0),
"hertz-inverse meter relationship": (1 / c, "m^-1", 0.0),
// The following derived quantities are no longer exact (CODATA2018):
// specify separately
"characteristic impedance of vacuum": (
sqrt(mu0 / epsilon0), "ohm",
sqrt(mu0 / epsilon0) * 0.5 * (
physical_constants["vacuum mag. permeability"][2] / mu0
+ physical_constants["vacuum electric permittivity"][2] / epsilon0))
}
// sanity check
for key in exact_values:


Ouch! I am not proud to
announce the following AdWords API Exception:
Message: Server.userException: No such operation 'getReportJobStatus'
Trigger: N/A
Code: N/A
Fault Origin: /analytics/apility_1.11.3/adwords_jeevansathi_report.php:scheduleReportJob()
SOAP Parameters:
<getReportJobStatus xmlns="https://adwords.google.com/api/adwords/v11"><reportJobId></reportJobId>
</getReportJobStatus>


Search for the book you are interested in: Marjin Haverbeke ISBN-10:<PHONE_NUMBER> 1 match Joel Murach ISBN-10:<PHONE_NUMBER> 2 matches Alan Dennis ISBN-10:<PHONE_NUMBER> 2 matches Your download will begin immediately on your mobile device when you purchase.Books that you would like to get will appear here
Eloquent Javascript:A Modern Introduction to Programming
Murach's PHP and MySQL
System Analysis & Design
Acquire Book?


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.deeplearning4j.parallelism |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.averageUpdaters(boolean reallyAverage)
This method enables/disables updaters averaging.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.averagingFrequency(int freq)
Model averaging frequency.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.gradientsAccumulator(@NonNull GradientsAccumulator accumulator)
This method allows you to specify GradientsAccumulator instance to be used in this ParallelWrapper instance
PLEASE NOTE: This method is applicable only to gradients sharing mechanics.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.modelParamsSupplier(Supplier<INDArray> supplier)
This method attaches supplier that'll probably provide model params update
PLEASE NOTE: This method is mostly used in Spark environment as part of fault tolerance logic
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.prefetchBuffer(int size)
Size of prefetch buffer that will be used for background data prefetching.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.reportScoreAfterAveraging(boolean reallyReport)
This method enables/disables averaged model score reporting
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.residualPostProcessor(ResidualPostProcessor residualPostProcessor)
Set the residual post processor algorithm.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.temporaryMemory(@NonNull Long numBytes)
This method allows to define amount of temporary memory that will be used for gradients sharing.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.thresholdAlgorithm(ThresholdAlgorithm thresholdAlgorithm)
Set the threshold algorithm.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.trainerContextArgs(Object... trainerContextArgs)
Transer context args are for calling a
TrainerContext init method
when ParallelWrapper starts training |
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.trainerFactory(@NonNull TrainerContext trainerContext)
Specify a
TrainerContext
for the given ParallelWrapper
instance. |
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.trainingMode(@NonNull ParallelWrapper.TrainingMode mode)
This method allows you to specify training mode for this instance of PW.
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.updaterParamsSupplier(Supplier<INDArray> supplier)
This method attaches supplier that'll probably provide updater params update
PLEASE NOTE: This method is mostly used in Spark environment as part of fault tolerance logic
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.workers(int num)
This method allows to configure number of workers that'll be used for parallel training
|
ParallelWrapper.Builder |
ParallelWrapper.Builder.workspaceMode(@NonNull WorkspaceMode mode)
This method allows to override model's WorkspaceMode configuration option
|
Copyright © 2020. All rights reserved.


This tool identifies the areas an observer can see, accounting for surface topography. The input point locations can represent either observers (such as people on the ground or lookouts in a fire tower), or observed objects (such as wind turbines, water towers, vehicles, or other people). The results define the areas that can be seen from the observer locations.
Both the observers and the observed objects can have a height above ground, and these heights are used to determine visibility. For example, a viewshed computed for 300-foot wind turbines and a 6-foot tall person standing on the ground will typically be larger than a viewshed computed for 200-foot turbines and a 5-foot tall person.
The result layer records the number of times that each cell location in the input surface raster can be seen by the input observation points. The nonvisible cells are given NoData values.
If Use current map extent is checked, only the raster area and the observer points that are visible within the current map extent will be analyzed. If unchecked, all observer points in the input layer will be analyzed, even if they are outside the current map extent.
The elevation surface to use for calculating the viewshed.
If the vertical unit of the input surface is different from the horizontal unit, such as when the elevation values are represented in feet but the coordinate system is in meters, the surface must have a defined vertical coordinate system. The reason for this is that the tool uses the vertical (Z) and horizontal (XY) units to compute a Z factor for the viewshed analysis. Without a vertical coordinate system, and thus having no Z unit information available, the tool will assume that the Z unit is same as the XY unit. The result of this is that an internal Z factor of 1.0 will be used for the analysis, which may give unexpected results.
The elevation surface can be integer or floating point.
The point features that represent the observer locations when calculating the viewsheds.
The optimization method to use for calculating the viewshed.
Enter a cutoff distance where the computation of visible areas will stop. Beyond this distance, whether the observer points and the other objects can see each other will not be determined.
You can either specify a numerical value representing a linear distance or select a numerical field from the input observer features. If a field is provided, the values contained in the field must be in the same unit as the xy unit of the input elevation surface.
Note that large values will increase computation time. Unless specified, a default maximum distance will be computed based on the resolution and extent of the input elevation surface.
This parameter is useful for modeling certain phenomena. For example, by limiting the extent of visibility, you can model weather conditions such as a light fog. Similarly, restricting the visibility extent can give you some control over the time of day by approximating the effect of dusk.
Enter a distance where the computation of visible areas is to begin. Cells on the surface closer than this distance are not visible in the output but can still block visibility of the cells between the minimum and the maximum viewing distance.
You can either specify a numerical value representing a linear distance or select a numerical field from the input observer features. If a field is provided, the values contained in the field must be in the same unit as the xy unit of the input elevation surface.
This parameter is useful for controlling the viewshed analysis area at a specific distance away from the observer. For example, if you are evaluating the visibility from a building top to a distant park, you can set a minimum viewing distance to exclude the areas close by that are of no interest and gain a better processing speed.
Specify whether the minimum and maximum viewing distance parameters are measured in a three-dimensional way or a simpler, two-dimensional way. When the option is checked, the viewing distances are treated as a 3D distance. When unchecked, they are treated as 2D distances.
A 2D distance is the simple linear distance measured between an observer and the target using their projected locations at sea level. A 3D distance gives a more realistic value by taking their relative heights into consideration.
Enter the elevation of your observer locations.
You can specify either a numerical value representing the elevation of all observers or as a field that represents the elevation of each observer. If a field is provided, the value contained in the field must be in the same unit as the Z unit of the input elevation surface.
Enter the height above ground for your observer locations.
You can specify either a numerical value for the height or a field from the input observer features. If a field is provided, the value contained in the field must be in the same unit as the z-unit of the input elevation surface.
The default is 6 feet. If you are looking from an elevated location, such as an observation tower or a tall building, use that height instead. During the viewshed calculation, this value is added to the observer elevation if it is specified; otherwise, it is added to the interpolated surface z-value.
Enter the height of structures or people on the ground used to establish visibility.
You can specify either a numerical value for the height or a field from the input observer features. If a field is provided, the value contained in the field must be in the same unit as the z-unit of the input elevation surface.
The resulting viewshed identifies those areas where an observer point can see these objects on the ground. The converse is also true; the objects on the ground can see an observer point.
Following are some examples of target height settings:
The name of the output above ground level (AGL) result. The AGL result is a raster where each cell value is the minimum height that must be added to an otherwise nonvisible cell to make it visible by at least one observer. Cells that were already visible will be assigned 0 in this output raster.
The name of the layer that will be created in My Content and added to the map. The default name is based on the tool name and the input layer name. If the layer already exists, you will be prompted to provide another name.
You can specify the name of a folder in My Content where the result will be saved using the Save result in drop-down box.


LITHIUM CARBONATE is a lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.
Lithium is a naturally occurring element that is classified as an anti-manic drug.
Lithium is commonly used to treat mania and bipolar depression (manic-depression or bipolar disorder ). Less commonly, lithium is used to treat certain mood disorders, such as schizoaffective disorder and aggressive behavior and emotional instability in adults and children. Rarely is lithium taken to treat depression in the absence of mania. When this is the case, it is usually taken in addition to other antidepressant medications.
| Chemical formula | Li2CO3 |
| Molar mass: | 73.89 |
| Density | 2.11 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 723 °C (1,333 °F; 996 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,310 °C (2,390 °F; 1,580 K) |
| decomposes from | ~1300 °C |
| Solubility in water | 1.54 g/100 mL (0 °C) 1.43 g/100 mL (10 °C) 1.29 g/100 mL (25 °C) 1.08 g/100 mL (40 °C) 0.69 g/100 mL (100 °C)[1] |
| Solubility | Insoluble in acetone, ammonia, alcohol |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | −27.0·10−6 cm3/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.428 |
| Viscosity | 4.64 cP (777 °C) 3.36 cP (817 °C) |
Shipping items: Shipping items will be delivered by international express like EMS, TNT, UPS, FedEx or DHL after receiving received. Every item will be shipped out in 1-2working days after the payment is done. The product usually arrives in 1-4 days based on the different destination, and online track is provided. Please kindly supply the shipping address, contact and tel number for successful shipment.
Lithium is extracted from primarily two sources: pegmatite crystals and lithium salt from brine pools. About 30,000 tons were produced in 1989. It also exists as the rare mineral zabuyelite.[14] Lithium carbonate is generated by combining lithium peroxide with carbon dioxide. This reaction is the basis of certain air purifiers, e.g., in spacecraft, used to absorb carbon dioxide:[11] 2 Li2O2 + 2 CO2 → 2 Li2CO3 + O2
PrecautionsBecause lithium intoxication may be serious and even life-threatening, blood concentrations of lithium should be measured weekly during the first four weeks of therapy and less often after that. Patients taking lithium should have their thyroid function monitored and maintain an adequate sodium (salt) and water balance. Lithium should not be used or used only with very close physician supervision by people with kidney impairment, heart disease, and other conditions that affect sodium balance. Dosage reduction or complete discontinuation may be necessary during infection, diarrhea, vomiting, or prolonged fast. Patients who are pregnant, breast-feeding, those over age 60, and people taking diuretics ("water pills") should discuss the risks and benefits of lithium treatment with their doctor before beginning therapy. Lithium should be discontinued 24 hours before a major surgery, but may be continued normally for minor surgical procedures.
Side effectsTremor is the most common neurological side effect. Lithium tremor is an irregular, non-rhythmic twitching of the arms and legs that is variable in both intensity and frequency. Lithium-induced tremor occurs in approximately half of persons taking this medication. The chance of tremor decreases if the dose is reduced. Acute lithium toxicity (poisoning) can result in neurological side effects, ranging from confusion and coordination impairment, to coma, seizures , and death. Other neurological side effects associated with lithium therapy include lethargy, memory impairment, difficulty finding words, and loss of creativity.
Price: Please let us know the quantity you required, because for small order and bulk purchase, the price will be difference.
Payment: Western Union, MoneyGram We will supply the receiver's information or the bank account information for payment use.


Catenates all the Cell_Sets of the same Cell type within a field into a single Cell_Set.
Input Ports
in Mesh+Node_Data input field for catenation of Cell_Sets Output Ports
out Mesh+Node_Data The catenated Cell_Sets and the orginal Node_Data
This parses the input field and then creates a new mesh for it with all the Cell_Sets of a single Cell type catenated into one.
in
A field containing Cell_Sets and possibly Node_Data
out
A field containing Cell_Sets of no more than one of each Cell type (e.g. Tri, Prism2).
The Add_Data_to_Mesh recombines the mesh_out from cat_cell_sets with any original node data in the User Macro cat_cell_sets. Note that Add_Data_to_Mesh is pure V code and does not require compilation.
xp_comm_proj/cat_cs/ccs_macs.v contains the User Macro cat_cell_sets.
The CatCSMacs library inherits its process. As this library contains no procedural code, the process is not important. The low-level CatCellSets module, executes under the process specified in its library, not the process defined in the high-level library.
James Perrin Manchester Visualiation Centre Manchester Computing The University Oxford Road Manchester UK M13 9PL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>CatCellSets, Add_Data_to_Mesh


Module io
Stream and TextStream classes as per CommonJS IO/A as well as a ByteArray based in memory MemoryStream.
Class MemoryStream
Instance Methods
Class Stream
Instance Methods
Instance Properties
Class TextStream
Instance Methods
MemoryStream (bufferOrCapacity)
In binary stream that reads from and/or writes to an in-memory byte array. If the stream is writable, its internal buffer will automatically on demand.
Parameters
| Binary|number | bufferOrCapacity | the buffer to use, or the capacity of the buffer to allocate . If this is a number, a ByteArray with the given length is allocated. If this is a ByteArray, the resulting stream is both readable, writable, and seekable. If this is a ByteString, the resulting stream is readable and seekable but not writable. If undefined, a ByteArray of length 1024 is allocated as buffer. |
MemoryStream.prototype.close ()
Closes the stream, freeing the resources it is holding.
MemoryStream.prototype.closed ()
Returns true if the stream is closed, false otherwise.
MemoryStream.prototype.content
MemoryStream.prototype.flush ()
MemoryStream.prototype.length
MemoryStream.prototype.position
MemoryStream.prototype.read ()
MemoryStream.prototype.readInto ()
MemoryStream.prototype.readable ()
MemoryStream.prototype.seekable ()
MemoryStream.prototype.skip ()
MemoryStream.prototype.writable ()
MemoryStream.prototype.write ()
Stream (stream)
This class implements an I/O stream used to read and write raw bytes.
Parameters
| stream | a Node.js Stream that can be readable, writeable or both |
Stream.prototype.stream
Stream.prototype.close ()
Closes the stream, freeing the resources it is holding.
Stream.prototype.closed ()
Returns true if the stream has been closed, false otherwise.
Stream.prototype.copy (output)
Reads all data available from this stream and writes the result to the given output stream, flushing afterwards. Note that this function does not close this stream or the output stream after copying.
Parameters
| Stream | output | The target Stream to be written to. |
Stream.prototype.flush ()
Flushes the bytes written to the stream to the underlying medium.
Stream.prototype.forEach (fn, [thisObj])
Read all data from this stream and invoke function fn
for each chunk of data read.
The callback function is called with a ByteArray as single argument. Note that
the stream is not closed after reading.
Parameters
| Function | fn | the callback function |
| Object | [thisObj] | optional this-object to use for callback |
Stream.prototype.read (n)
Read up to n bytes from the stream, or until the end of the stream has been reached. If n is null, a block is read with a block-size specific to the underlying device. If n is not specified, the full stream is read until its end is reached. Reading from a stream where the end has been reached returns an empty ByteString.
Parameters
| Number | n |
Returns
| ByteString |
Stream.prototype.readInto (buffer, begin, end)
Read bytes from this stream into the given buffer. This method does not increase the length of the buffer.
Parameters
| ByteArray | buffer | |
| Number | begin | |
| Number | end |
Returns
| Number | The number of bytes read or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached |
Stream.prototype.readable ()
Returns true if the stream supports reading, false otherwise.
Stream.prototype.seekable ()
Returns true if the stream is randomly accessible and supports the length and position properties, false otherwise.
Stream.prototype.skip (num)
Try to skip over num bytes in the stream. Returns the number of acutal bytes skipped or throws an error if the operation could not be completed.
Parameters
| Number | num | bytes to skip |
Returns
| Number | actual bytes skipped |
Stream.prototype.writable ()
Returns true if the stream supports writing, false otherwise.
Stream.prototype.write (source, begin, end)
Write bytes from b to this stream. If begin and end are specified, only the range starting at begin and ending before end is written.
Parameters
| Binary | source | The source to be written from |
| Number | begin | optional |
| Number | end | optional |
Stream.prototype.writeable ()
Returns true if the stream supports writing, false otherwise.
TextStream (io, options)
A TextStream implements an I/O stream used to read and write strings. It wraps a raw Stream and exposes a similar interface.
Parameters
| Stream | io | The raw Stream to be wrapped. |
| Object | options | the options object. Supports the following properties:
|
TextStream.prototype.close ()
See Stream.prototype.close
.
TextStream.prototype.content
TextStream.prototype.copy (output)
Reads from this stream with readLine
, writing the results to the
target stream and flushing, until the end of this stream is reached.
Parameters
| output |
TextStream.prototype.flush ()
See Stream.prototype.flush
.
TextStream.prototype.iterator ()
Returns this stream (which also is an Iterator).
TextStream.prototype.next ()
Returns the next line of input without the newline. Throws
StopIteration
if the end of the stream is reached.
TextStream.prototype.print ()
Writes all argument values as a single line, delimiting the values using a single blank.
TextStream.prototype.raw
TextStream.prototype.read ()
Read the full stream until the end is reached and return the data read as string.
Returns
| String |
TextStream.prototype.readInto (buffer)
Not implemented for TextStraim. Calling this method will raise an error.
Parameters
| buffer |
TextStream.prototype.readLine ()
Reads a line from this stream. If the end of the stream is reached before any data is gathered, returns an empty string. Otherwise, returns the line including the newline.
Returns
| String |
TextStream.prototype.readLines ()
Returns an Array of Strings, accumulated by calling readLine
until it
returns an empty string. The returned array does not include the final
empty string, but it does include a trailing newline at the end of every
line.
TextStream.prototype.readable ()
See Stream.prototype.readable
.
TextStream.prototype.seekable ()
Always returns false, as a TextStream is not randomly accessible.
TextStream.prototype.writable ()
See Stream.prototype.writable
.
TextStream.prototype.write ()
TextStream.prototype.writeLines (lines)
Writens the given lines, terminating each line with a newline.
This is a non-standard extension, not part of CommonJS IO/A.
Parameters
| lines |


The Download Mail File dialog box allows you to retrieve a file from your Mail directory on CIX Forums.
This is a Hot Spot image. Move your mouse pointer over the image
and when the mouse pointer changes to the shape of a hand click
the left mouse button once for extra help.
To specify the file you wish to retrieve, if it is not already listed in the Download File text box, click the Filename button. This will allow you to choose the file from the list of files held in your Mail directory. This list is only as up-to-date as the last time you retrieved it from CIX Forums so if the file that you were expecting to find is not there or the Filename button is not visible you should click the Update button on the Mail Directory dialog.
The Directory text box shows the directory into which Ameol will download this file on your computer. Click the Browse button (the folder icon) if you want to choose another directory.
The Delete from CIX after downloading option will remove the file from your CIX Forums Mail directory after you have retrieved it.
Click the OK button to retrieve the selected file when you next connect to CIX Forums.


Double Trouble
An event full of fun and energy in a cultural phenomena- Riviera. This game requires 2 balls. One of them is football and the other is basketball. Players from each team start to play with both the balls simultaneously and try to goal them into opponent’s post.
Matki Tod-Phod
An event full of fun and energy in a cultural phenomena- Riviera. In this game, the participant is blindfolded and made to hit a matki with one hand using a stick. The player will be given three chances to hit the matki.Time taken by each contestant will be recorded. The person who take the least time to hit the matki will be declared as the winner.
Orientation Session
Preparation is necessary before the beginning of any journey. As it is said ,"the more you sweat in battle, the less you bleed in war". Hence a classroom orientation session becomes need of the hour.
Basics of Trekking
A session on basics of trekking and survival. An informative session about the flora and the fauna and how to read a map when lost because you never know when you might need it.
Explore the Unexplored
A trek to Jawadhu Hills, a reserved forest which preserves a whole culture of tribes within.
Radical Rappelling 2.0
An adventure trip to Yelagiri with radical rappelling and rock climbing session because soaring high is our nature.
Triathlon
A premium event testing the enduring skills of each participant through Running, Cycling and Swimming
Celebrating Five years
Proudly celebrating it's 5 years of success with triumph with events such as triathlon, camping workshop and treasure hunt


An R 'DataBase Interface' ('DBI') compatible interface to various database platforms ('PostgreSQL', 'Oracle', 'Microsoft SQL Server', 'Amazon Redshift', 'Microsoft Parallel Database Warehouse', 'IBM Netezza', 'Apache Impala', and 'Google BigQuery'). Also includes support for fetching data as 'ffdf' objects. Uses 'Java Database Connectivity' ('JDBC') to connect to databases.
| Version: | 2.2.1 |
| Imports: | DatabaseConnectorJars, rJava, bit, ff, ffbase (≥ 0.12.1), SqlRender, methods, utils, DBI (≥ 1.0.0), urltools |
| Suggests: | aws.s3, uuid, R.utils, testthat, DBItest, knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-11-25 |
| Author: | Martijn Schuemie [aut, cre], Marc Suchard [aut], Observational Health Data Science and Informatics [cph], Microsoft Inc. [cph] (SQL Server JDBC driver), PostgreSQL Global Development Group [cph] (PostgreSQL JDBC driver), Starschema Ltd. [cph] (BigQuery JDBC driver), Oracle Inc. [cph] (Oracle JDBC driver), Amazon Inc. [cph] (RedShift JDBC driver) |
| Maintainer: | Martijn Schuemie <schuemie at ohdsi.org> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/OHDSI/DatabaseConnector/issues |
| License: | Apache License version 1.1 | Apache License version 2.0 [expanded from: Apache License] |
| Copyright: | See file COPYRIGHTS DatabaseConnector copyright details |
| URL: | https://ohdsi.github.io/DatabaseConnector, https://github.com/OHDSI/DatabaseConnector |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | DatabaseConnector results |
| Reference manual: | DatabaseConnector.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Using DatabaseConnector |
| Package source: | DatabaseConnector_2.2.1.tar.gz |
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ScienceDaily (Apr. 7, 2010) A new species of monitor lizard has been discovered by an international team of biologists in the Sierra Madres of the northern Philippines. The new species has been given a new scientific name -- Varanus bitatawa -- in recognition of its distinctiveness.
Scientists first became aware of the new species when biologists conducting surveys in the Sierra Madre Range photographed an Agta hunter with an animal he had captured for food. Several years later, the first specimens were obtained by Mr. Roldan Dugay and Dr. Arvin Diesmos, curator of herpetology at the national museum, Manila.
"Apparently the new species is an important source of protein indigenous peoples groups in Isabella and Aurora Provinces," said Dr. Diesmos. However, it was only last year that a joint University of Kansas-National Museum of the Philippines expedition to Aurora Province yielded a large, adult specimen, and good DNA samples.
The scientific description of this reptile has been published this week in Biology Letters, an international journal published by the Royal Society of London.
According to the description, the Northern Sierra Madre Forest Monitor grows up to 2 meters long, displays bright yellow and black stripes and spots across its back, and eats mainly fruit and snails. Through the analysis of its physical features and its DNA, scientists have determined that it is distinct but closely related to two other fruit-eating monitor lizards in the Philippines. It is also different from the more common meat-eating water monitor lizard or Bayawak. The new species is more secretive and spends most of its time up on trees in the forests of the Northern Sierra Madre mountain range of Luzon.
Luke Welton, a graduate student at the University of Kansas and one of the coauthors of the scientific description, was one of the first biologists to see a living Northern Sierra Madre Monitor Lizard in Aurora Province. "I knew as soon as I saw the animal that it was something special," said Welton. "I had seen specimens of the other two species of fruit eating monitors, but neither of the other known species are nearly as spectacular as the Northern Sierra Madre Forest Monitor. "
Giant fruit-eating monitor lizards are found only in the Philippines. The Northern Sierra Madre Monitor Lizard is known among local Aurora Province residents as Butikaw. Another species, Gray's monitor lizard, is known as the Butaan by people in southern Luzon, Bicol, Catanduañes, and the Polillo island group. The other fruit eating monitor lizard from Panay Island is locally known as Mabitang. All three giant fruit-eating monitor lizard species are threatened by destruction of their forest habitats and, to a lesser degree, by hunting for their meat and the pet trade.
"We hope that by focusing on protection of this new monitor, conservation biologists and policy makers can work together to protect the remaining highly imperiled forests of northern Luzon," said Dr. Rafe Brown, leader of the team that discovered the new species and curator-in-charge of the Herpetology Division, University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute.
"The new species can serve as a convenient 'Flagship Species' for conservation, focusing the attention of the public and affording protection to many unrelated species if its habitat is preserved," Dr. Brown added.
Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute.
Journal Reference:
- Luke J. Welton, Cameron D. Siler, Daniel Bennett, Arvin Diesmos, M. Roy Duya, Roldan Dugay, Edmund Leo B. Rico, Merlijn Van Weerd, Rafe M. Brown. A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation. Biology Letters, 2010; DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


The IMDb Trivia Game is a mobile web game which allows 2 players to connect from their mobile devices and play against each other, testing their knowledge of the IMDb Top 250 list.
A game consists of 8 rounds, in each round a random movie will be displayed from the IMDb Top 250 list which you will then have to guess the year in which the movie was released. Players who guess correctly will be awarded with 5 points, while players who guess incorrectly will have 3 points deducted from their score. The player with the most points at the end of the 8 rounds wins!
Before you can join the game, you need to enter a username and then click Join. Once 2 people have connected, the game will begin!
Waiting for players to join...
Waiting for other player's answer...
Round 1 of 8
| ID | Username | Score |
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