Playback is sometimes referred to as presentation or rendering. These are general terms that are applicable to other kinds of media besides sound. The essential feature is that a sequence of data is delivered somewhere for eventual perception by a user. If the data is time-based, as sound is, it must be delivered at the correct rate. With sound even more than video, it's important that the rate of data flow be maintained, because interruptions to sound playback often produce loud clicks or irritating distortion. The Java Sound API is designed to help application programs play sounds smoothly and continuously, even very long sounds.
The previous chapter discussed how to obtain a line from the audio system or from a mixer. This chapter shows how to play sound through a line.
There are two kinds of line
that you can use for playing sound: a Clip
and a
SourceDataLine
. These two interfaces were introduced
briefly under "The Line Interface
Hierarchy" in Chapter 2, "Overview of
the Sampled Package." The chief difference between the two is
that with a Clip
you specify all the sound data at one
time, before playback, whereas with a SourceDataLine
you keep writing new buffers of data continuously during playback.
Although there are many situations in which you could use either a
Clip
or a SourceDataLine
, the following
criteria help identify which kind of line is better suited for a
particular situation:
Clip
when you have non-real-time sound data
that can be preloaded into memory.
For example, you might read a short sound file into a clip. If
you want the sound to play back more than once, a Clip
is more convenient than a SourceDataLine
, especially
if you want the playback to loop (cycle repeatedly through all or
part of the sound). If you need to start the playback at an
arbitrary position in the sound, the Clip
interface
provides a method to do that easily. Finally, playback from a
Clip
generally has less latency than buffered playback
from a SourceDataLine
. In other words, because the
sound is preloaded into a clip, playback can start immediately
instead of having to wait for the buffer to be filled.
SourceDataLine
for streaming data, such as a
long sound file that won't all fit in memory at once, or a sound
whose data can't be known in advance of playback.
As an example of the latter case, suppose you're monitoring
sound input—that is, playing sound back as it's being
captured. If you don't have a mixer that can send input audio right
back out an output port, your application program will have to take
the captured data and send it to an audio-output mixer. In this
case, a SourceDataLine
is more appropriate than a
Clip
. Another example of sound that can't be known in
advance occurs when you synthesize or manipulate the sound data
interactively in response to the user's input. For example, imagine
a game that gives aural feedback by "morphing" from one sound to
another as the user moves the mouse. The dynamic nature of the
sound transformation requires the application program to update the
sound data continuously during playback, instead of supplying it
all before playback starts.
You obtain a
Clip
as described earlier under "Getting a Line of a Desired Type" in
Chapter 3, "Accessing Audio System
Resources": Construct a DataLine.Info
object with
Clip.class
for the first argument, and pass this
DataLine.Info
as an argument to the
getLine
method of AudioSystem
or
Mixer
.
Obtaining a line just means
you've gotten a way to refer to it; getLine
doesn't
actually reserve the line for you. Because a mixer might have a
limited number of lines of the desired type available, it can
happen that after you invoke getLine
to obtain the
clip, another application program jumps in and grabs the clip
before you're ready to start playback. To actually use the clip,
you need to reserve it for your program's exclusive use by invoking
one of the following Clip
methods:
void open(AudioInputStream stream) void open(AudioFormat format, byte[] data, int offset, int bufferSize)Despite the
bufferSize
argument in the second
open
method above, Clip
(unlike
SourceDataLine
) includes no methods for writing new
data to the buffer. The bufferSize
argument here just
specifies how much of the byte array to load into the clip. It's
not a buffer into which you can subsequently load more data, as you
can with a SourceDataLine's
buffer.
After opening the clip, you
can specify at what point in the data it should start playback,
using Clip's
setFramePosition
or
setMicroSecondPosition
methods. Otherwise, it will
start at the beginning. You can also configure the playback to
cycle repeatedly, using the setLoopPoints
method.
When you're ready to start
playback, simply invoke the start
method. To stop or
pause the clip, invoke the stop
method, and to resume
playback, invoke start
again. The clip remembers the
media position where it stopped playback, so there's no need for
explicit pause and resume methods. If you don't want it to resume
where it left off, you can "rewind" the clip to the beginning (or
to any other position, for that matter) using the frame- or
microsecond-positioning methods mentioned above.
A Clip's
volume
level and activity status (active versus inactive) can be monitored
by invoking the DataLine
methods getLevel
and isActive
, respectively. An active
Clip
is one that is currently playing sound.
Obtaining a
SourceDataLine
is similar to obtaining a
Clip
. See "Getting a
Line of a Desired Type" in Chapter 3, "Accessing Audio System Resources."
Opening the
SourceDataLine
is also similar to opening a
Clip
, in that the purpose is once again to reserve the
line. However, you use a different method, inherited from
DataLine
:
void open(AudioFormat format)Notice that when you open a
SourceDataLine
, you don't
associate any sound data with the line yet, unlike opening a
Clip
. Instead, you just specify the format of the
audio data you want to play. The system chooses a default buffer
length.
You can also stipulate a certain buffer length in bytes, using this variant:
void open(AudioFormat format, int bufferSize)
For consistency with similar methods, the buffersize
argument is expressed in bytes, but it must correspond to an
integral number of frames.
How would you select a buffer size? It depends on your program's needs.
To start with, shorter buffer sizes mean less latency. When you send new data, you hear it sooner. For some application programs, particularly highly interactive ones, this kind of responsiveness is important. For example, in a game, the onset of playback might need to be tightly synchronized with a visual event. Such programs might need a latency of less than 0.1 second. As another example, a conferencing application needs to avoid delays in both playback and capture. However, many application programs can afford a greater delay, up to a second or more, because it doesn't matter exactly when the sound starts playing, as long as the delay doesn't confuse or annoy the user. This might be the case for an application program that streams a large audio file using one-second buffers. The user probably won't care if playback takes a second to start, because the sound itself lasts so long and the experience isn't highly interactive.
On the other hand, shorter buffer sizes also mean a greater risk that you'll fail to write data fast enough into the buffer. If that happens, the audio data will contain discontinuities, which will probably be audible as clicks or breakups in the sound. Shorter buffer sizes also mean that your program has to work harder to keep the buffers filled, resulting in more intensive CPU usage. This can slow down the execution of other threads in your program, not to mention other programs.
So an optimal value for the
buffer size is one that minimizes latency just to the degree that's
acceptable for your application program, while keeping it large
enough to reduce the risk of buffer underflow and to avoid
unnecessary consumption of CPU resources.  For
streaming music, an initial delay is acceptable, but breakups in
the sound are not. Thus for streaming music a larger buffer
size—say, a second—is preferable. (Note that high
sample rates make the buffers larger in terms of the number of
bytes, which are the units for measuring buffer size in the
DataLine
API.)
Instead of using the open
method described above, it's also possible to open a
SourceDataLine
using Line's
open()
method, without arguments. In this case, the
line is opened with its default audio format and buffer size.
However, you can't change these later. If you want to know the
line's default audio format and buffer size, you can invoke
DataLine's
getFormat
and
getBufferSize
methods, even before the line has ever
been opened.
Once the
SourceDataLine
is open, you can start playing sound.
You do this by invoking DataLine's
start method, and
then writing data repeatedly to the line's playback buffer.
The start method permits the line to begin playing sound as soon as there's any data in its buffer. You place data in the buffer by the following method:
int write(byte[] b, int offset, int length)The offset into the array is expressed in bytes, as is the array's length.
The line begins sending data
as soon as possible to its mixer. When the mixer itself delivers
the data to its target, the SourceDataLine
generates a
START
event. (In a typical implementation of the Java
Sound API, the delay between the moment that the source line
delivers data to the mixer and the moment that the mixer delivers
the data to its target is negligible—that is, much less than
the time of one sample.) This START
event gets sent to
the line's listeners, as explained below under "Monitoring a Line's Status." The line
is now considered active, so the isActive
method of
DataLine
will return true
. Notice that
all this happens only once the buffer contains data to play, not
necessarily right when the start method is invoked. If you invoked
start
on a new SourceDataLine
but never
wrote data to the buffer, the line would never be active and a
START
event would never be sent. (However, in this
case, the isRunning
method of DataLine
would return true
.)
So how do you know how much
data to write to the buffer, and when to send the second batch of
data? Fortunately, you don't need to time the second invocation of
write to synchronize with the end of the first buffer! Instead, you
can take advantage of the write
method's blocking
behavior:
DataLine's
available
method returns.
SourceDataLine
for playback:
// read chunks from a stream and write them to a source data line line.start(); while (total < totalToRead && !stopped)} numBytesRead = stream.read(myData, 0, numBytesToRead); if (numBytesRead == -1) break; total += numBytesRead; line.write(myData, 0, numBytesRead); }If you don't want the
write
method to block, you can
first invoke the available
method (inside the loop) to
find out how many bytes can be written without blocking, and then
limit the numBytesToRead
variable to this number,
before reading from the stream. In the example given, though,
blocking won't matter much, since the write method is invoked
inside a loop that won't complete until the last buffer is written
in the final loop iteration. Whether or not you use the blocking
technique, you'll probably want to invoke this playback loop in a
separate thread from the rest of the application program, so that
your program doesn't appear to freeze when playing a long sound. On
each iteration of the loop, you can test whether the user has
requested playback to stop. Such a request needs to set the
stopped
boolean, used in the code above, to
true
.
Since write
returns before all the data has finished playing, how do you learn
when the playback has actually completed? One way is to invoke the
drain
method of DataLine
after writing
the last buffer's worth of data. This method blocks until all the
data has been played. When control returns to your program, you can
free up the line, if desired, without fear of prematurely cutting
off the playback of any audio samples:
line.write(b, offset, numBytesToWrite); //this is the final invocation of write line.drain(); line.stop(); line.close(); line = null;You can intentionally stop playback prematurely, of course. For example, the application program might provide the user with a Stop button. Invoke
DataLine's stop
method to stop playback
immediately, even in the middle of a buffer. This leaves any
unplayed data in the buffer, so that if you subsequently invoke
start
, the playback resumes where it left off. If
that's not what you want to happen, you can discard the data left
in the buffer by invoking flush
.
A
SourceDataLine
generates a STOP
event
whenever the flow of data has been stopped, whether this stoppage
was initiated by the drain method, the stop method, or the flush
method, or because the end of a playback buffer was reached before
the application program invoked write
again to provide
new data. A STOP
event doesn't necessarily mean that
the stop
method was invoked, and it doesn't
necessarily mean that a subsequent invocation of
isRunning
will return false
. It does,
however, mean that isActive
will return
false
. (When the start
method has been
invoked, the isRunning
method will return
true
, even if a STOP
event is generated,
and it will begin to return false
only once the
stop
method is invoked.) It's important to realize
that START
and STOP
events correspond to
isActive
, not to isRunning
.
Once you have started a
sound playing, how do you find when it's finished? We saw one
solution above—invoking the drain
method after
writing the last buffer of data—but that approach is
applicable only to a SourceDataLine
. Another approach,
which works for both SourceDataLines
and
Clips
, is to register to receive notifications from
the line whenever the line changes its state. These notifications
are generated in the form of LineEvent
objects, of
which there are four types: OPEN
, CLOSE
,
START
, and STOP
.
Any object in your program
that implements the LineListener
interface can
register to receive such notifications. To implement the
LineListener
interface, the object simply needs an
update method that takes a LineEvent
argument. To
register this object as one of the line's listeners, you invoke the
following Line
method:
public void addLineListener(LineListener listener)
Whenever the line opens, closes, starts, or stops, it sends an
update
message to all its listeners. Your object can
query the LineEvent
that it receives. First you might
invoke LineEvent.getLine
to make sure the line that
stopped is the one you care about. In the case we're discussing
here, you want to know if the sound is finished, so you see whether
the LineEvent
is of type STOP
. If it is,
you might check the sound's current position, which is also stored
in the LineEvent
object, and compare it to the sound's
length (if known) to see whether it reached the end and wasn't
stopped by some other means (such as the user's clicking a Stop
button, although you'd probably be able to determine that cause
elsewhere in your code).
Along the same lines, if you
need to know when the line is opened, closed, or started, you use
the same mechanism. LineEvents
are generated by
different kinds of lines, not just Clips
and
SourceDataLines
. However, in the case of a
Port
you can't count on getting an event to learn
about a line's open or closed state. For example, a
Port
might be initially open when it's created, so you
don't invoke the open
method and the Port
doesn't ever generate an OPEN
event. (See "Selecting Input and Output Ports" in
Chapter 3, "Accessing Audio System
Resources.")
If you're playing back
multiple tracks of audio simultaneously, you probably want to have
them all start and stop at exactly the same time. Some mixers
facilitate this behavior with their synchronize
method, which lets you apply operations such as open
,
close
, start
, and stop
to a
group of data lines using a single command, instead of having to
control each line individually. Furthermore, the degree of accuracy
with which operations are applied to the lines is controllable.
To find out whether a
particular mixer offers this feature for a specified group of data
lines, invoke the Mixer
interface's
isSynchronizationSupported
method:
boolean isSynchronizationSupported(Line[] lines, boolean maintainSync)The first parameter specifies a group of specific data lines, and the second parameter indicates the accuracy with which synchronization must be maintained. If the second parameter is
true
, the query is asking whether the mixer is capable
of maintaining sample-accurate precision in controlling the
specified lines at all times; otherwise, precise
synchronization is required only during start and stop operations,
not throughout playback.
Some source data lines have signal-processing controls, such as gain, pan, reverb, and sample-rate controls. Similar controls, especially gain controls, might be present on the output ports as well. For more information on how to determine whether a line has such controls, and how to use them if it does, see Chapter 6, "Processing Audio with Controls."


WAV file encoder example / Sine wave generator
This example program generates a WAV file containing a sine wave signal.
Frequency [Hz]:
Amplitude [0..1]:
Duration [s]:
Channels:
Sample rate [Hz]:
WAV file type:
16 bit signed integer
32 bit float
Generate WAV file


--- layout: default title: "Maps: Mapping Chicago's data" description: These are all created using Google Fusion Tables. Let me know if you have a cool dataset you’d like to see a map of. If you're feeling adventurous, you can make one of your own by starting with this. ---
These are all created using Google Fusion Tables. Let me know if you have a cool dataset you’d like to see a map of. If you're feeling adventurous, you can make one of your own by starting with this.
Put your data on a searchable, filterable map. This is a free, open source tool and template powered by Google Fusion Tables.
Fusion Tables.
Press:
Google Maps Mania
To make Chicago’s zoning code digestible by humans, we took inspiration from one of our favorite games:
Sim City 2000.
Find out how your building is zoned, learn where to locate your business and explore zoning patterns throughout the city.
Press:
Chicago Tonight (WTTW)
CPS places every part of the city into one of four socio-economic "tiers" and requires selective schools to reserve the same number of spots for the students from each tier. Find which CPS tier you are in with this tool.
Press:
EdWeek
|
CLTV Politics Tonight
|
Chicago Tonight
|
Chicagoist
The City of Chicago launched
Plow Tracker,
an app that tracks the city's snow plows in real time. This app uses the same data. By knowing where the plows are, we've figured which streets have been plowed.
Press:
Chicago Tonight
|
The Chicago Tribune
|
Chicagoist
|
GridChicago
Find vacant and abandoned buildings in Chicago. Data comes from reports made for open and vacant buildings to 311 since January 1, 2010.
Press:
Govfresh
|
MetaFilter
I teamed up with a group of journalism students from Columbia College to present a searchable map of Tax Increment Financing (TIF) Projects in Chicago. Also includes a heat map of amounts allocated per ward.
Press:
The New York Times
|
Chicago News Cooperative
|
ChicagoTalks
|
MetaFilter
Find neighborhood, mental health, and Women, Infants & Children (WIC) clinics in Chicago.
Searchable map of nearly 5,000 reported bicycle crashes in the City of Chicago from 2007-2009 as reported to the Illinois Department of Transportation.
View the Illinois Senate's redistricting plan released on May 19, 2011, to see which district you will fall in and compare it to the existing 2001 boundaries.


You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.
...
My HTML5 template for pages and web apps.
Home
Something
Hello, world!
click me!


This package contians a framework for managing the main animation loop for an xlet. It's designed to work with GRIN, but can be used with any code that implements the AnimationClient interface. More detailed information can be found in the Animation Framework Usage document.


De Jong looks for the ticket to the Euro's
by BeSoccerThe Netherlands are very close to sealing their ticket to the Euro 2020 and De Jong wants to ensure that they get it this Saturday night.
There are Barcelona players who have already qualified for the Euro 2020, as is the case for the Spaniard, Busquets, who continues to be a very important player in the Spanish national team.
This Saturday could see another Barcelona player qualify, De Jong. The player will once again lead the midfield in the difficult game against Northern Ireland.
Featured links
- Ballon d'Or winner already been decided
- The latest football transfers news and rumours
- Possible 'Clasico' in the Spanish Supercup final
- Who has the most free-kicks goals: Messi or Cristiano?
Holland only need a draw to qualify for the Euro's, but a win would take them to first place in their group, after four wins in a row.
Germany seem like they are not going to fail, so it is up to the Dutch to look for this victory to round off the performance in the standings and confirm that the new squad of young players has a lot to say.


❤ Cat Love ❤
Inspired by
this animation
.
Icons made by
Freepik
and
Smashicons
from
www.flaticon.com
is licensed by
CC 3.0 BY


I’ve spent the better part of the last three years developing a navigation app at work. It includes features like
- Searching for a location
- Adding a location to favorites
- Turn by turn navigation to a destination
I had the seemingly simple task of splitting an address into two parts for displaying in the user interface (line 1 and line 2). The exact mechanism of the split didn’t matter as long as it could be reasonably split.
Here as some examples of how I presumed it could be split depending on the length of the address
- Line 1 = Place Name; Line 2 = address
- Line 1 = Place name, number, street; Line 2 = city, state
- Line 1 = Place name, number; Line 2 = street, city
- … and so on
Simple, right? Wrong.
Over the course, I’ve made several assumptions about addresses that turned out to be incorrect. This post attempts to list the things I learned about addresses.
This post is inspired by other “Falsehood programmers believe” posts (and hence uses a similar format). In fact, there’s a GitHub repo that lists all such posts. Other people before me have already made “Falsehoods about addresses” lists, but I’m making one based on my own experience.
So, let’s get right to the falsehoods. Every one of the statements below is false.
About locations:
- Every location has a unique address. This is false: every location has a unique geocoordinate (lat-long), or other such identifier like Google Plus Codes or what3words, but it does not have a unique address.
- A location has an address
About addresses:
- The concept of an address is universal
- What constitutes an address is universal
- An address has a number
- An address identifies a single house/shop/office
- An address has a street name
- An address has a post code/zip code/pin code
- An address has a neighborhood/locality name
- An address has a place name
- An address is hierarchical (number, street, city, state, country)
User interface related:
- An address has sufficient info to make sense in a user interface
- An address, when shortened (ellipsized etc) to fit on a user interface, still gives enough context to the user
- An address fits on one screen on a mobile phone with a readable font size
About streets:
- A street has a name
- A street name is unique in a city
- A street name is unique in a locality
- A road number (like highway number) is unique in a locality
- A road number uniquely identifies a road
- A neighborhood/locality name is unique in a city
About directions:
- What constitutes a navigation instruction is universal
- A navigation instruction at a point is unambiguous
- Restrictions applied to navigation (like avoid highways, avoid tolls etc) are unambiguous
- Navigation directions are user-friendly (this one is an opinion, and not a fact)


Top Doc
Find the right doctors in PDX.
Symptom
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Top five doctors for your condition:
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I’ve always been a fan of spelunking around in Internet data sets to see what interesting things I can find, so when I saw that Censys had a new version of their search site, and that it had classified data about Kubernetes clusters, I had to have a look around :) Before I talk about the results, I will say I was very impressed by their new offering, the search speed is amazing for the amount of data and there’s some really useful search filters, some of which I’m using here.
So with access to the data my goal was to see what information I can find out about Internet facing Kubernetes clusters. There are quite a lot of these around mainly because a lot of managed Kubernetes vendors have defaulted to making the API server Internet accessible by default (top security tip is, turn that off if you don’t need it!)
Finding Kubernetes Servers on the Internet
So our first question is, “how do we know we’ve found a Kubernetes server?”. The first option takes advantage of a peculiarity of how Kubernetes does TLS certificates. In a standard cluster, the API server will have a number of Subject Alternative Name fields which are predictable and consistent. For example, if I dump the API server TLS cert from a kind cluster, I get the following in the SAN field
DNS:kind-control-plane, DNS:kubernetes, DNS:kubernetes.default, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local, DNS:localhost, IP Address:<IP_ADDRESS>, IP Address:<IP_ADDRESS>, IP Address:<IP_ADDRESS>
Names like kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
have been present in pretty much every cluster I’ve looked at, so are probably a reasonable place to start. Censys allows you to search for names in a cert, so with a search like this we can get some results.
At the time of writing that’s returning 776795 results, a fair few clusters! This leads on to another question though which is, What versions of Kubernetes are running here?
Using Kubernetes Unauthenticated Version Endpoint
An interesting point about the Kubernetes API server is that, by default, many clusters will make the /version
endpoint available on the API server without authentication. This endpoint returns specific information like the specific version of Kubernetes in use and the version of golang used when compiling it. Another top security tip is, disable this if you don’t need it!
However fortunately for our census, many Kubernetes distributions don’t disable this option. In the past I’ve considered scanning the Internet for this info., so I was very happy to find out that Censys had done the hard work for me, and it’s available as a query in their new search API.
This Search will give us a list of all the servers which return that information. At just over 90,000 results, that’s not a bad place to start.
We can then use the very handy “report” feature to automatically extract all the versions and a count for each one. The report can be seen here. From that we can see a couple of interesting points immediately. The first one is that many of the clusters have customized version strings, due the distribution vendor modifying the API server binary. Fortunately most of the vendors put a noticable pattern (e.g. ‘gke’ for GKE) so we can form some conclusions about which distributions we’re seeing.
Splitting down the Distributions
Looking through the identified distributions, the two largest are GKE and EKS, somewhat unsurprisingly. Based on a lack of any AKS distributions, it looks like Microsoft are blocking access to the version endpoint by default.
In addition to the big 3 managed distributions, I noticed quite a lot for IKS (IBM’s managed Kubernetes) and OpenShift. Worth noting if you’re looking at the data, OpenShift doesn’t include their name in the version string but have a tell-tale pattern with a hex string at the end (e.g. v1.9.1+a0ce1bc657
)
What Versions are In Use?
The next interesting question is, what Kubernetes versions are in use? A bit of data manipulation is needed to get the major version from each running cluster, but at the end of it we end up with a chart like this
First up, there’s a lot of unsupported Kubernetes out there. Looking at the major distributions out there, most have dropped support for anything older than 1.17. Based on this, there’s at least 26% of clusters running unsupported versions.
In particularly notable results, there’s two clusters running Kubernetes 1.2! Both of them appear to be OpenShift clusters.
What else is there to find?
I’m just getting started on the search for interesting things, but one thing I noticed by looking through the clusters, you can also find other interesting things. One point I noted was that there are currently over 600 systems running the famous Weave Sock Shop demonstration App. (Censys Search here)
Conclusion
Amusing results aside, there’s a couple of important points which come out of this data. The first one is that it’s quite easy to fingerprint Kubernetes clusters on the Internet, either via distinctive TLS certificates, or exposed API endpoints.
The second point is the number of companies running unsupported Kubernetes versions exposed to the Internet. These clusters are unlikely to receive security patches, so they could be a single CVE away from compromise.
In general, from a security standpoint, I’d very much recommend not exposing your API server directly to the Internet unless you really need to. And if you do, make sure you keep it running a supported version of the software!


--- layout: post title: Adding Twitter to your Tumblr Blog date: '2014-08-29T11:06:00-07:00' tags: - hacking - twitter - themes bigimg: /tumblr_files/tumblr_inline_nn6yakgBC51rkukje_540.png tumblr_url: https://nils.schimmelmann.us/post/96100625272/adding-twitter-to-your-tumblr-blog ---
I’ve recently started using a new Tumblr theme called Optica. It’s awesome, it’s minimalistic, it looks exactly like what I want it to look; but it doesn’t allow me to display Tweets. Bummer!
But wait, there must be a way we can hack it in, right? We can always hack the theme’s HTML directly but then we will lose any sort of improvements that happen naturally when the author updates it.
So let’s hack it in by (ab)using your blog’s description!
My blog is about how great I am.
<div id="nilstwitter">
<!-- Replace me! -->
</div>
Additional hacks you can perform is to then change the CSS position of the div:
/* Twitter */
#nilstwitter {
padding-top: 10px;
height: 50px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
z-index: 5;
}
If you’re interested in changing the look and feel further then read the widget customization documentation. There are a lot of features that you can tweak such as the number of tweets, visibility of border, and more!


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Protecting the privacy of children is especially important. For that reason, we never collect or maintain information at our website from those we actually know are under 13, and no part of our website is structured specifically to attract anyone under 13. We cannot be responsible for people that lie about their age, as kids are likely to do. As a parent, please be aware of your child's participation in any online community and all social media sites. If and when we become aware a person registered here is under 13 years old, they will be removed from the site immediately. If you, as a parent of a child under 13 years old wishes to allow your child to participate on this website, please contact me personally -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- and I will explain how we can do that in a manner that protects this website and your child, legally.
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Our main advertising cookie on non-Google sites is called ‘id’ and it is stored in browsers under the domain doubleclick.net. We use others with names such as _drt_, FLC, and exchange_uid.
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StripersOnline.com


Carbon Dioxide In Earth’s Atmosphere Reaches Record High, Researchers Say
by Cameron FrewCarbon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere have reached the highest recorded level in human history.
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According to a new report released by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) today, November 25, globally-averaged carbon dioxide concentration reached 407.8 parts per million (ppm) in 2018, an increase from 405.5 ppm in 2017.
This maintains the trend – the increase was similar to 2016–2017, slightly above the rises across the past decade – which will spark even more severe climate change, from erratic temperatures to extreme weather.
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The WMO has attributed the rise of carbon dioxide to human activities – 2018’s global average equates to a 147% increase over the pre-industrial level in 1750.
Both emissions (the amount of gases that rise to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels, for example) and concentrations (the amount left over following a complex series of interactions between the elements) were analysed in order to paint a clearer picture of how the planet is doing.
It’s not just carbon dioxide: as the report states, concentrations of other climate-warming greenhouse gases – such as methane and nitrous oxide – also saw higher increases in 2018 compared to the rest of the decade.
WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas told BBC News:
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There is no sign of a slowdown, let alone a decline, in greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere despite all the commitments under the Paris agreement on climate change. We need to translate the commitments into action and increase the level of ambition for the sake of the future welfare of mankind.
The Secretary-General added the last time the planet had similar carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere was between three and five million years ago, when the temperature was approximately 3°C (5.4°F) warmer and sea levels were up to 20 meters higher.
Following the publication of this report, a further ‘Emissions Gap Report’ is set to be released by the UN tomorrow, November 26 – looking at the recent evidence and where Earth is heading. The complementary report will also compare the recent figures with those required to achieve the goals of the Paris agreement.
Commenting on the rise of emissions, Pep Canadell, climate scientist with Australia’s CSIRO and executive director of the Global Carbon Project, told CNET:
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I can tell you they’re going to go up next year and the following one and then the next decade and the following decade. It’s not until you bring those emissions to zero, that you can begin to inspire stabilization in the atmosphere.
After graduating from Glasgow Caledonian University with an NCTJ and BCTJ-accredited Multimedia Journalism degree, Cameron ventured into the world of print journalism at The National, while also working as a freelance film journalist on the side, becoming an accredited Rotten Tomatoes critic in the process. He’s now left his Scottish homelands and took up residence at UNILAD as a journalist.


Characteristics
-
Open-source: Feel free to checkout the project's
source code.
Contribution is more than welcome.
-
Only HTML5: No inline style, CSS, JS, whatsoever.
-
Semantics-focused: Use
Semantic HTML
as much as possible. However, it's okay not always using best
practices, iterating is more important.
(If you see anything that can be improved please help
report an issue)
-
Lighthouse-optimized: Always maintain a 100
Lighthouse
score.
My mistakes
-
Heading order: Heading elements are not ordered
sequentially. (Details)
-
Link text: Links do not have descriptive text (Details)


{{#each restaurants}}
{{this.name}}
Location: {{location}}
Owners: {{#each ownedBy}}
{{this}}
{{/each}}
Check us out on Yelp
{{#if acceptsApplePay}}
{{else}}
No Apple Pay
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{{/each}}
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Home
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Speeding Ticket<PHONE_NUMBER>)
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NOT SEND CASH!
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Mail your citation and payment to:
Court in Charge
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Without continual growth and progress, such words as improvement, achievement, and success have no meaning.
-Benjamin Franklin.
At forLife Fitness we believe that the power of consistent progression is one of the most valuable and important tools to achieve any goal. Through measured progress and consistent action you can change your goals change from dreams to the inevitable. Our app is designed to help you make the most of your workouts and become the best you can be.
If you are the kind of person who is waiting for the 'right' thing to happen, you might wait for a long time. It's like waiting for all the traffic lights to be green for five miles before starting the trip.
-Robert Kiyosaki
Your first time at the Gym can be intimidating but never fear we are here to help! Using our workout selector you can walk in to they gym with confidence, knowing which workouts you are going to do before you even step in the door. Additionally our exersize selector will assist you in choosing the right workout for you to make sure you hit all the muscle groups you wanted to focus on.
Superhuman effort isn't worth anything unless it achieves results.
-Ernest Shackleton
When it comes to fitness doing something occasionally never produces results. forLife Fitness wants to see you make your dreams a reality and with that in mind we have our personalized workout building tool that allows you to add a variety of workouts to your checklist for the day and then recored your progress. We will keep track of your lifting weight, reps, and sets, helping you to see your progress and give you the markers to track your progress!
What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.
-Zig Ziglar
Being fit is both an achievement and a lifestyle. There is no end. Thats why our app never stops giving either. As you evolve and grow to take on new challanges you can up your measurables and keep pushing the limits of what you can accomplish! When you need to switch up your routine keep things fresh by deleting you old list and starting all over again! We want to help you to be flexible in your approach and determined in your progress.
At forLife Fitness we want to start helping you achieve your dream TODAY. Whatever obstacles have held you back in the past we are confident that with the power of progress you can help break through your physical barriers.
If your just beginning or a seasoned workout veteran, the tools you get through forLife Fitness will help you to set, track, and continually improve on your fitness goals.


R Interface to 'ONNX' - Open Neural Network Exchange <https://onnx.ai/>. 'ONNX' provides an open source format for machine learning models. It defines an extensible computation graph model, as well as definitions of built-in operators and standard data types.
| Version: | 0.0.2 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.1) |
| Imports: | reticulate (≥ 1.4) |
| Suggests: | testthat, knitr |
| Published: | 2018-04-25 |
| Author: | Yuan Tang [aut, cre], ONNX Authors [aut, cph], Facebook, Inc. [cph], Microsoft Corporation [cph] |
| Maintainer: | Yuan Tang <terrytangyuan at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/onnx/onnx-r/issues |
| License: | MIT License + file LICENSE |
| URL: | https://github.com/onnx/onnx-r |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| In views: | ModelDeployment |
| CRAN checks: | onnx results |
| Reference manual: | onnx.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Load and Run an ONNX Model Creating ONNX Protobuf |
| Package source: | onnx_0.0.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: onnx_0.0.2.zip, r-release: onnx_0.0.2.zip, r-oldrel: onnx_0.0.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: onnx_0.0.2.tgz, r-oldrel: onnx_0.0.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | onnx archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=onnx to link to this page.


Main Page
Namespaces
Classes
Files
Class List
Class Index
Class Members
Class List
Here are the classes, structs, unions and interfaces with brief descriptions:
pss::server::Bot
pss::server::test::BotMotionTester1
pss::server::test::BotMotionTester2
pss::serialcomm::CommunicationAPI
pss::configuration::Configure
pss::server::database::DBHandler
pss::server::Graph
pss::server::test::GraphTester
pss::server::test::Patient_simulator
pss::server::scheduling::PollingThread
pss::server::Position
pss::serialcomm::CommunicationAPI::Receiver
pss::server::RequestHandler
pss::serialcomm::CommunicationAPI::Sender
pss::server::test::SimpleRead
pss::server::test::SimpleWrite
pss::server::Utils
Generated on Wed Apr 6 2011 22:09:34 for PSS by
1.7.1


Aspire Bank
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Established Twitter connection.
Read screen names: ['DrJillStein', 'GovGaryJohnson', 'HillaryClinton', 'realDonaldTrump']
found 4 users with screen_names ['DrJillStein', 'GovGaryJohnson', 'HillaryClinton', 'realDonaldTrump']
Friends per candidate:
DrJillStein 4136
GovGaryJohnson 3052
HillaryClinton 745
realDonaldTrump 42
Most common friends:
[(15846407, 3), (19608297, 3), (41877508, 2), (12, 2), (65404941, 2)]
Friend Overlap:
[('DrJillStein', 'GovGaryJohnson', 344), ('GovGaryJohnson', 'realDonaldTrump', 12), ('DrJillStein', 'HillaryClinton', 10), ('GovGaryJohnson', 'HillaryClinton', 9), ('DrJillStein', 'realDonaldTrump', 8), ('HillaryClinton', 'realDonaldTrump', 1)]
User followed by Hillary and Donald: [REDACTED]
graph has 384 nodes and 762 edges
network drawn to network.png
|
Established Twitter connection.
Read screen names: ['DrJillStein', 'GovGaryJohnson', 'HillaryClinton', 'realDonaldTrump']
found 4 users with screen_names ['DrJillStein', 'GovGaryJohnson', 'HillaryClinton', 'realDonaldTrump']
Friends per candidate:
DrJillStein 4155
GovGaryJohnson 3123
HillaryClinton 748
realDonaldTrump 42
Most common friends:
[(15846407, 3), (19608297, 3), (41877508, 2), (12, 2), (65404941, 2)]
Friend Overlap:
[('DrJillStein', 'GovGaryJohnson', 349), ('GovGaryJohnson', 'realDonaldTrump', 12), ('DrJillStein', 'HillaryClinton', 10), ('GovGaryJohnson', 'HillaryClinton', 9), ('DrJillStein', 'realDonaldTrump', 8), ('HillaryClinton', 'realDonaldTrump', 1)]
User followed by Hillary and Donald: [REDACTED]
graph has 389 nodes and 772 edges
network drawn to network.png
|


Here you can find a job depending on you major and your skills
with us you can get the opportunity to find your career
Here you can find a job depending on you major and your skills
with us you can get the opportunity to find your career


--- permalink: /diary/ layout: page title: Diary description: A list of diaries I wrote. --- {% for post in site.diary %} {% unless post.title == page.title %}
{{ post.content | strip_html | truncatewords: 25 }}
{{ post.content | strip_html | truncate: 75 }}


Revision: hw 0.1.1, sw 0.11, sn 2015
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Source selection of 1PPS.
GLONASS/GPS
1PPS INPUT
RS-232-1
Source selection of NMEA
GLONASS/GPS
Emulator
RS-232-1
Antenna Delay:
Home
Network settings
Configuration
Info
PTP Statistic
X
Metronom. PTP Server.
ver. 4. 2015
Web Inteface by R. Gurin & D. Savenkov


Brief and easy-to-learn brazilian portuguese phrases to brew a conservation, introduce yourself or answer a question
A video introducing interesting facts about Brazil!
Know More About Us
From lessons on the Brazilian language to differences between portuguese languages these three photo links give the user more information and knowledge on the Brazilian Portuguese language!!!


Duke Pillbox
Translations Manager
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Gosar fires back after Katie Hill rips his 'Epstein' tweets: You taught the country what a 'throuple' was
by Joseph WulfsohnRep. Paul Gosar, R-Ariz., slammed his former colleague Katie Hill after she criticized his cryptic Epstein tweets, telling her she taught the country a new word: "throuple."
Hill reprimanded Gosar over a series of tweets that spelled out "Epstein didn't kill himself," a line that has been appearing in memes and on social media. Hill blasted him for "tweeting out real conspiracy theories."
"No[,] like this actually happened. Real members of Congress tweeting out real conspiracy theories. In an acrostic no less," Hill tweeted.
Gosar fired back, "You’re surprised by me? You single-handedly taught an entire country a new word. #throuple," Gosar reacted. "And wth is up with that tattoo? Relax."
"Throuple," which is a term to describe a three-person relationship, was the arrangement Hill reportedly had with her estranged husband and a female campaign staffer. Hill accused her estranged husband of leaking the nude photos as "revenge porn" amid their messy divorce. Hill's attorneys also vehemently denied allegations made in a DailyMail story that one of the nude photos shows a “Nazi-era Iron Cross” tattoo.
Gosar drew some attention to his Twitter account on Wednesday with a series of tweets he wrote in reaction to the ongoing testimony of U.S. diplomat Bill Taylor and State Department official George Kent as the first witnesses in a public impeachment hearing of President Trump, sharing videos and articles that memorialized the event.
"Evidence of a link between foreign aid and political investigations simply does not exist. The longer this circus continues the clearer it becomes that @realDonaldTrump has done absolutely nothing wrong," Gosar wrote on his official Twitter account.
Before that, "President @realDonaldTrump voluntarily chose to release the transcript of his phone call which clearly shows he did nothing wrong. This impeachment circus is a total sham, and Adam Schiff is the clown at the center of it all."
And, before that, "Schiff’s star witness is crumbling under pressure. He wasn’t listening to the phone call and he has never even met President Trump."
However, the Daily Wire and others took notice that as readers scrolled down Gosar's profile, the first letters of each tweet spelled, "Epstein didn't kill himself."
The "Epstein didn't kill himself" meme has spread like wildfire after the death of convicted pedophile Jeffrey Epstein. The New York City medical examiner determined he had taken his own life, but vocal skeptics have suggested otherwise during random blurt-outs on television and other signs.
In a statement to Fox News, Gosar stressed that his tweets were all "substantive" but appeared to have some more fun in the process.
"All of the tweets pertained to testimony from today’s hearing.
Rest assured, they are substantive.
Every one of them.
All of them.
5 were brilliant.
1 was ok.”
In other words, "Area 51."
CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
Hill resigned from Congress earlier this month after she was accused of having multiple inappropriate relationships with subordinates, including a congressional staffer that prompted an investigation from the House Ethics Committee.


Special effects
Black light
Create that creepy glow-in-the-dark effect with this powerful black light.
Price: 19.99Fog machine
The perfect fog machine for the home haunter.
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Fill up your fog machine to create an eerie affect.
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This fogger puts out a whopping 2,800 cubic feet of fog per minute. Comes with a 10-foot remote control.
Price: 39.95Black mini strobe light
Perfect for creating that spot flash effect. Includes mounting bracket.
Price: 13.99Thunder and lightening machine
Flash! Boom! Create your own realistic thunder and lightning effects!
Price: 99.99


The Santa Cruz nightlife scene has long served as the gateway to the San Francisco Bay Area. Many of the world's top performers stop to play unforgettable, intimate shows in the city's clubs, bars and performing arts centers before heading up the coast to San Francisco. …
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A Beachfront Hotel in Santa Cruz, CA, The Dream Inn sits on the site of Jack O’Neill’s first surf shop, adjacent to the wharf and historic Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk…
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Santa Cruz Hotels: Chaminade Resort, Santa Cruz, California. Experience our suites, wedding packages, meeting facilities and resort spa.…
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Please try another link or page.{% endblock %}


Redirection
by Kayden Lee
A free CDN and Redirection sevice
Our redirection service is our niche product. It has a wide variety of features for everyone to use for free. CLick on the button below to learn more. Our CDN service is powered by Arvan Cloud, an Iranian CDN (Content Delivery Network) and cloud computing provider.


| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
25 mg |
oral |
4-HO-DiPT |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 1:10 |
25 mg |
oral |
4-HO-DiPT |
(powder / crystals) |
10:16 pm
Initial effects from 25 mg ingested fifteen minutes beforehand. Getting that warm mystic rhythm and tingly sensation. Can tell this is going to be good. Things starting to move around. Been 15 minutes since I dosed. Music seems more dimensional and the bass flows through me like wine.
10:29
Things rocketing into intensity. Spiraling forms of infinite beauty. There is a true magic in the air. Visual distortions that have not been seen since windowpane. Everything becominig softer to the touch... more blankety, velvety....
10:33
Massive visuals beginning.  I look to the floor and I see trademark LSD patterns and sort of reminds me of Fear & Loathing.
10:35
Body vibration getting more intense. The tryptamine is now coming out to her full blossom. Her colors are of vibrant reds and the bluest hues. A very immaculate nature. Divine inspiration lurks deep inside me. I can tell this is going to be a night for allowing ideas to emerge.
10:38
Mental orgasm. Music, everything came rushing through me for that moment.
10:59
I feel I have just edged off the peak, and I feel I should go a little higher so I will take more. Be right back.
11:06
Just dosed 25 mg more. The initial peak is definitely over. Will have to see if there is tolerance for the ride back up.
11:19
Ah, the droll has finally ended, of being caught between peaks. I am finally on the journey back to the top, and I am liking the scenery very much. Think I will go outside to smoke a cigarette.
1:01
Just finally made it back in. The evening was magical. At the peak I could close my eyes and infinite fractals of magnificent beauty would make their way to me... I was literally tunnelling down infinite formations of fractals so I trained my eye to the source of the fractal and as I concentrated everything became more intense and finite in view and I realized, in my own awe, that it was a snowflake. Everything breaks down into a simple snowflake. It's madness! Sacred geometry at its core, my friend.
1:08
Microscopic vision. Haven't seen this since LSD. Still feel amazingly cognizant of everything around me, of everything's beauty... insanity. An old William Blake poem comes to mind...
To see a world in a grain of sand
Or heaven in a wild flower
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand
And eternity in an hour
And now, I am left to ponder the evening.... and what must become of it.
COMMENTARY
In retrospect, I find that 4-HO-DiPT is much different than 4-aCO-DiPT. With 4-aCO, there were much more open-eye visuals, almost to the point where reality was coming apart at its seams and it was like looking through a kaleidoscope. Also with 4-aCO there was much more sensory euphoria - at one point I had to wrap a towel around my head for hours and roll around on soft blankets. With 4-HO, however, there were many more closed-eye visuals and fractal formations - a jelly-mold over everything when the lights were turned off, and amazing patterns of sacred geometry. The shapes produced by the snowflake-centered fractals looked like an MC Escher painting with lizards morphing and moving about.
Two totally different, yet similar, experiences.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


welcome to your activity!
Description of icon when needed
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The Keyboard API provides keyboard display and visibility control, along with event tracking when the keyboard shows and hides.
// Events
window.addEventListener('keyboardWillShow', (e) => {
console.log("keyboard will show with height", (<CustomEvent>e).detail.keyboardHeight);
});
window.addEventListener('keyboardDidShow', (e) => {
console.log("keyboard did show with height", (<CustomEvent>e).detail.keyboardHeight);
});
window.addEventListener('keyboardWillHide', () => {
console.log("keyboard will hide");
});
window.addEventListener('keyboardDidHide', () => {
console.log("keyboard did hide");
});
// API
import { Plugins } from '@capacitor/core';
const { Keyboard } = Plugins;
Keyboard.setAccessoryBarVisible({isVisible: false});
Keyboard.show();
Keyboard.hide();


Fortune Teller
Please check the following that apply to you:
See a black cat this week?
Find a shiny penny on the ground?
Walk under a ladder?
Break a mirror?
Find a four-leaf clover?
Do you have a horseshoe hanging in your home?
Front door painted red?
Seen the number 13?
Submit


Templates¶
Templates are just normal Django HTML templates, so anything you could normally do in a Django template will still work, including template tags, filters, loops, if statements, etc.
Warning
Unicorn
requires there to be one root element surrounding the component template.
Note
To reduce the verbosity of templates, u:
can be used as a shorthand for any attribute that starts with unicorn:
. All of the examples in the documentation use unicorn:
to be explicit, but both are supported.
Model modifiers¶
Lazy¶
To prevent updates from happening on every input, you can append a lazy
modifier to the end of unicorn:model
. That will only update the component when a blur
event happens.

<input unicorn:model.lazy="name" type="text" id="name" />
Hello {{ name|title }}

Debounce¶
The debounce
modifier configures how long to wait to fire an event. The time is always specified in milliseconds, for example: unicorn:model.debounce-1000
would wait for 1000 milliseconds (1 second) before firing the message.

<input unicorn:model.debounce-1000="name" type="text" id="name" />
Hello {{ name|title }}

Defer¶
The defer
modifier will store and save model changes until the next action gets triggered. This is useful to prevent additional network requests until an action is triggered.

<input unicorn:model.defer="task" type="text" id="task" />
<button unicorn:click="add">Add task</button>

{% for task in tasks %}

{{ task }}

{% endfor %}

Chaining modifiers¶
Lazy
and debounce
modifiers can even be chained together.

<input unicorn:model.lazy.debounce-5000="name" type="text" id="text" />
Hello {{ name|title }}

Key¶
Smooth updates¶
Setting a unique id
on elements with unicorn:model
will prevent changes to an input from being choppy when there are lots of updates in quick succession.

<input type="text" unicorn:model="name"></input>
!-- smooth-updates.html -->
<input type="text" id="someFancyId" unicorn:model="name"></input>
However, setting the same id
on two elements with the same unicorn:model
won’t work. The unicorn:key
attribute can be used to make sure that the elements can be synced as expected.

<input type="text" id="someFancyId" unicorn:model="name"></input>
<input type="text" id="someFancyId" unicorn:model="name"></input>

<input type="text" id="someFancyId" unicorn:model="name"></input>
<input type="text" id="someFancyId" unicorn:model="name" unicorn:key="someFancyKey"></input>
DOM merging¶
The JavaScript library used to merge changes in the DOM, morphdom
, uses an element’s id
to intelligently update DOM elements. If it isn’t possible to have an id
attribute on the element, unicorn:key
will be used if it is available.
Lifecycle events¶
Unicorn
provides events that fire when different parts of the lifecycle occur.
updated¶
The updated
event is fired after the AJAX call finishes and the component is merged with the newly rendered component template. The callback gets called with one argument, component
, which can be inspected if necessary.

Ignore elements¶
Some JavaScript libraries will change the DOM (such as Select2
) after the page renders. That can cause issues for Unicorn
when trying to merge that DOM with what Unicorn
thinks the DOM should be. unicorn:ignore
can be used to prevent Unicorn
from morphing that element or its children.
Note
When the component is initially rendered, normal Django template functionality can be used.

<link href="select2.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />

<select
id="select2-example"
onchange="Unicorn.call('ignored-element', 'select_state', this.value, this.selectedIndex);"
>
{% for state in states %}
<option value="{{ state }}">{{ state }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>

# ignored_element.py
from django_unicorn.components import UnicornView
class JsView(UnicornView):
states = (
"Alabama",
"Alaska",
"Wisconsin",
"Wyoming",
)
selected_state = ""
def select_state(self, state_name, selected_idx):
print("select_state state_name", state_name)
print("select_state selected_idx", selected_idx)
self.selected_state = state_name


Cultural Blog, Sprint 1: Time and Habits
I think of all the time and habit management techniques, I found the Fogg method the most useful immediately and the most likely to work for me personally. I think attempting to start big behaviours or projects is something I'm guilty of and I'm going to try this out- starting with tiny, achievable changes triggered by things I already do.
That could then lead into getting into the habit of meditating, but realistically I think I'll need to practice the first technique in order to get into a habit of meditation.
The Fogg method is probably going to be useful for me particularly as my ADHD makes getting started and staying on track for certain tasks harder than for neurotypical people, and I think it'll counter those issues well. It also helps with the internal guilt of not immediately being where you want to be (whether that's doing a certain amount of work per day or whatever other habit) and keeping track of my progress with that and slowly incrementing will be very helpful- moreso than attempting to immediately meet those goals then failing and feeling guilty.
I've tried the Pomodoro technique in the past and I've found that it's not ideal for me personally- as mentioned, ADHD can make getting started on tasks difficult, and being interrupted and forced to stop working when I've only just gotten myself engaged with my work tends to make me far less, rather than more productive!
Interestingly I think I've already gotten in the habit of timeboxing without knowing it was a thing- generally I plan to work until a certain time, rather than setting goals based on how much work I get done, and I find it's more productive for me.


Jeremiah 18:9
And at what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it;


[1]
Picture quality with right lighting is amazing, handling is easy, very durable.; small screen.
[2]
great color, lightweight, easy to use .; is no cons.


--- title: "Email accessibility in action" date: 2018-01-25 13:03:58 +0200 favorite: true ---
Accessibility in emails is getting more and more press in the past few years, which is a good thing. But I still stumble on a lot of poorly accessible emails. While giving email coding training and conferences, I found out that showing, and not just telling, the difference an accessible email makes can be a great incentive for people to make more accessible emails. So here are four tips to improve emails accessibility, illustrated with videos.
The alt
attribute of the
element is required since HTML 4. This means that every single image on your emails must have an alt
attribute, even if you leave it empty (alt=""
).
Otherwise, screen readers like VoiceOver might read out loud the full name of the image file. Here’s an example email from LEGO (and here’s the code).
A lot of images in this email don’t have alt
attributes. For example, here’s the code for one of the images in the header of the email.

Because of the lack of alt
attribute, VoiceOver will read out loud the name of the file (n_sah_h2.gif
). (VoiceOver is #TeamJif, by the way.) This is not very helpful. Imagine how bad it is if your image’s name is thirty-two randomly generated characters.
Fortunately, this can be fixed by adding the alt
attribute, empty or containing the corresponding text. Here’s a video from the previous example, fixed.
Be careful with empty alt
, though. If an image has an emptyalt
with a link around it, VoiceOver might read the last part of the URL out loud.
Here’s an email from Spotify shared by Alex Kelly (and here’s the code).
Even though this email is mostly personalized text, it was fully generated with images. The whole email is also clickable. But every image has an empty alt attribute. A good way to prevent this behavior is to add the proper alternative text.
Having an alt
attribute is an important first step. But now let’s make sure it is relevant.
Here’s an email from Deliveroo shared by Email Chic Geek (and here’s the code).
“600px WIDE IMAGE”. That’s the alternative text for the main image from this email, that includes both the photograph and the title text. That’s not helpful at all. Here’s the same email, with a proper alternative text set.
Another more worrying example was shared last year in this email by American Eagle Outfitters (and here’s its code).
Every alternative text in this email is Turn your images on. Shop AEO
. This is absolutely wrong. The people who need alternative text the most don’t have the opportunity to turn their sight on.
A general good rule of thumb is to include in the alt
attribute the text that might be included in your image. If there’s no text, it’s up to you to decide if the image conveys an important meaning and whether you should describe or not.
HTML tables are not made for presentation. This is a big lesson learnt on the Web in the early 2000s. This is not different for emails. Except that in emails, you have to use tables in order to be able to use certain styles (like width
or padding
) in Outlook.
In VoiceOver, each row and each cell of a

will be read out loud. Here’s an email from Jacadi (and here’s the code).
In order to prevent that, you can use a role="presentation"
attribute on every layout tables. Here’s the previous example, fixed with this attribute on the main table.
VoiceOver has special cases where it will be clever enough to not enounciate a row or column if a table only has one row or one cell. But just to be sure, it is a good practice to add role="presentation"
to all of your layout tables.
Not everyone speaks the same language as you do. Thus, not everyone’s computer is set up in the same language as yours. Without any indication of what language the current content is in, a screen reader like VoiceOver will usually use its language set up by default.
Which means that if, like me, you have your computer and Voice Over set up by default in french, a web page or an email in english with no lang
indication will be read with a french voice. If you ever wondered what a french robot reading english sounds like, here’s your chance.
Here’s an email from Mailchimp (and here’s the code).
Adding a lang="en"
attribute on the
tag is enough to make this email more accessible. Voice Over is now able to pick up the right language (assuming it’s installed on your computer). Here’s the result.
These four tips do not guarantee your emails will be 100% accessible. But I believe that they’re easy first steps that every email developer should get right.
To quote email developer Paul Airy in its Accessibility in Action conference at Litmus Live last year:
Any implementation of accessibility, however small, is a success.
Here’s to a successful new year!


I like an analogy of the houses using these 2 concepts. To build a house we need the structure first and that is HTML we design how we want to have the rooms, doors, windows etc. CSS is all the nice views of the house, for example, painting walls, what kind of decorations I would like to have, colour of carpets etc.
The term control flow refers to the order in which the instructions in your program are executed. Loops are a really fundamental concept in programming. A loop is essentially something that will continue to repeat until a certain condition is met (i.e. until a certain condition becomes true).
Leaving the house with my daughter I learn this lesson after so many times when we went somewhere, I always end up missing something from her nappy bag (either spare clothes in case something happens, nappies, cream etc..). I got so tired of this situation constantly happening to me, that I created a control flow (checklist) of things I have to do before I leave the. This is the list:
So, if for any strange reason some of this element from this list is not met or does not appear inside of the bag, there is when Mr Loop appear because I know I can’t leave the house without one of this element inside of the bag.
The Document Object Model is a platform- and language-neutral interface that will allow programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of documents. The document can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented page.
The difference between accessing data from arrays and objects is the quality and the kind of information we can get when we call this tool. Array is a list of information not specifically displayed on the screen e.g. the way how our phone saves information about our contacts list:
friends [ John 022055456, Peter 021698749, Diego 012345678]
You can access the information by pointing to a specific item in the array e.g. friends[0] will give you contact information for John.
Objects save information with more properties or more specific details e.g. taking the same example from before
John = {
};
And we can get the information more detailed. For example, if we only want to get the address of John, we only need to go to our Address section of our contact details e.g.
A function is a group of reusable code which can be called anywhere in a program. This eliminates the need of writing the same code again. You can recall an existing function e.g. by typing functionname( );


A minimal framework that supports the implementation of WebSocket extensions in a way that’s decoupled from the main protocol. This library aims to allow a WebSocket extension to be written and used with any protocol library, by defining abstract representations of frames and messages that allow modules to co-operate.
websocket-extensions
provides a container for registering extension plugins,
and provides all the functions required to negotiate which extensions to use
during a session via the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
header. By implementing the
APIs defined in this document, an extension may be used by any WebSocket library
based on this framework.
$ npm install websocket-extensions
There are two main audiences for this library: authors implementing the
WebSocket protocol, and authors implementing extensions. End users of a
WebSocket library or an extension should be able to use any extension by passing
it as an argument to their chosen protocol library, without needing to know how
either of them work, or how the websocket-extensions
framework operates.
The library is designed with the aim that any protocol implementation and any extension can be used together, so long as they support the same abstract representation of frames and messages.
The APIs provided by the framework rely on two data types; extensions will expect to be given data and to be able to return data in these formats:
Frame is a structure representing a single WebSocket frame of any type. Frames are simple objects that must have at least the following properties, which represent the data encoded in the frame:
| property | description |
|---|---|
final |
true if the FIN bit is set, false otherwise |
rsv1 |
true if the RSV1 bit is set, false otherwise |
rsv2 |
true if the RSV2 bit is set, false otherwise |
rsv3 |
true if the RSV3 bit is set, false otherwise |
opcode |
the numeric opcode (0 , 1 , 2 , 8 , 9 , or 10 ) of the frame |
masked |
true if the MASK bit is set, false otherwise |
maskingKey |
a 4-byte Buffer if masked is true , otherwise null |
payload |
a Buffer containing the (unmasked) application data |
A Message represents a complete application message, which can be formed from text, binary and continuation frames. It has the following properties:
| property | description |
|---|---|
rsv1 |
true if the first frame of the message has the RSV1 bit set |
rsv2 |
true if the first frame of the message has the RSV2 bit set |
rsv3 |
true if the first frame of the message has the RSV3 bit set |
opcode |
the numeric opcode (1 or 2 ) of the first frame of the message |
data |
the concatenation of all the frame payloads in the message |
A driver author is someone implementing the WebSocket protocol proper, and who wishes end users to be able to use WebSocket extensions with their library.
At the start of a WebSocket session, on both the client and the server side, they should begin by creating an extension container and adding whichever extensions they want to use.
```js var Extensions = require(‘websocket-extensions’), deflate = require(‘permessage-deflate’);
var exts = new Extensions(); exts.add(deflate); ```
In the following examples, exts
refers to this Extensions
instance.
Clients will use the methods generateOffer()
and activate(header)
.
As part of the handshake process, the client must send a
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
header to advertise that it supports the registered
extensions. This header should be generated using:
js
request.headers['sec-websocket-extensions'] = exts.generateOffer();
This returns a string, for example "permessage-deflate;
client_max_window_bits"
, that represents all the extensions the client is
offering to use, and their parameters. This string may contain multiple offers
for the same extension.
When the client receives the handshake response from the server, it should pass
the incoming Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
header in to exts
to activate the
extensions the server has accepted:
js
exts.activate(response.headers['sec-websocket-extensions']);
If the server has sent any extension responses that the client does not
recognize, or are in conflict with one another for use of RSV bits, or that use
invalid parameters for the named extensions, then exts.activate()
will
throw
. In this event, the client driver should fail the connection with
closing code 1010
.
Servers will use the method generateResponse(header)
.
A server session needs to generate a Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
header to send
in its handshake response:
```js var clientOffer = request.headers[‘sec-websocket-extensions’], extResponse = exts.generateResponse(clientOffer);
response.headers[‘sec-websocket-extensions’] = extResponse; ```
Calling exts.generateResponse(header)
activates those extensions the client
has asked to use, if they are registered, asks each extension for a set of
response parameters, and returns a string containing the response parameters for
all accepted extensions.
Both clients and servers will use the methods validFrameRsv(frame)
,
processIncomingMessage(message)
and processOutgoingMessage(message)
.
The WebSocket protocol requires that frames do not have any of the RSV
bits
set unless there is an extension in use that allows otherwise. When processing
an incoming frame, sessions should pass a Frame object to:
js
exts.validFrameRsv(frame)
If this method returns false
, the session should fail the WebSocket connection
with closing code 1002
.
To pass incoming messages through the extension stack, a session should construct a Message object according to the above datatype definitions, and call:
js
exts.processIncomingMessage(message, function(error, msg) {
// hand the message off to the application
});
If any extensions fail to process the message, then the callback will yield an
error and the session should fail the WebSocket connection with closing code
1010
. If error
is null
, then msg
should be passed on to the application.
To pass outgoing messages through the extension stack, a session should construct a Message as before, and call:
js
exts.processOutgoingMessage(message, function(error, msg) {
// write message to the transport
});
If any extensions fail to process the message, then the callback will yield an
error and the session should fail the WebSocket connection with closing code
1010
. If error
is null
, then message
should be converted into frames
(with the message’s rsv1
, rsv2
, rsv3
and opcode
set on the first frame)
and written to the transport.
At the end of the WebSocket session (either when the protocol is explicitly ended or the transport connection disconnects), the driver should call:
js
exts.close(function() {})
The callback is invoked when all extensions have finished processing any messages in the pipeline and it’s safe to close the socket.
An extension author is someone implementing an extension that transforms WebSocket messages passing between the client and server. They would like to implement their extension once and have it work with any protocol library.
Extension authors will not install websocket-extensions
or call it directly.
Instead, they should implement the following API to allow their extension to
plug into the websocket-extensions
framework.
An Extension
is any object that has the following properties:
| property | description |
|---|---|
name |
a string containing the name of the extension as used in negotiation headers |
type |
a string, must be "permessage" |
rsv1 |
either true if the extension uses the RSV1 bit, false otherwise |
rsv2 |
either true if the extension uses the RSV2 bit, false otherwise |
rsv3 |
either true if the extension uses the RSV3 bit, false otherwise |
It must also implement the following methods:
js
ext.createClientSession()
This returns a ClientSession, whose interface is defined below.
js
ext.createServerSession(offers)
This takes an array of offer params and returns a ServerSession, whose interface is defined below. For example, if the client handshake contains the offer header:
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; server_no_context_takeover; server_max_window_bits=8, \
permessage-deflate; server_max_window_bits=15
then the permessage-deflate
extension will receive the call:
js
ext.createServerSession([
{server_no_context_takeover: true, server_max_window_bits: 8},
{server_max_window_bits: 15}
]);
The extension must decide which set of parameters it wants to accept, if any,
and return a ServerSession if it wants to accept the parameters and null
otherwise.
A ClientSession is the type returned by ext.createClientSession()
. It must
implement the following methods, as well as the Session API listed below.
js
clientSession.generateOffer()
// e.g. -> [
// {server_no_context_takeover: true, server_max_window_bits: 8},
// {server_max_window_bits: 15}
// ]
This must return a set of parameters to include in the client’s
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
offer header. If the session wants to offer multiple
configurations, it can return an array of sets of parameters as shown above.
js
clientSession.activate(params) // -> true
This must take a single set of parameters from the server’s handshake response
and use them to configure the client session. If the client accepts the given
parameters, then this method must return true
. If it returns any other value,
the framework will interpret this as the client rejecting the response, and will
throw
.
A ServerSession is the type returned by ext.createServerSession(offers)
. It
must implement the following methods, as well as the Session API listed below.
js
serverSession.generateResponse()
// e.g. -> {server_max_window_bits: 8}
This returns the set of parameters the server session wants to send in its
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions
response header. Only one set of parameters is
returned to the client per extension. Server sessions that would confict on
their use of RSV bits are not activated.
The Session API must be implemented by both client and server sessions. It
contains two methods, processIncomingMessage(message)
and
processOutgoingMessage(message)
.
js
session.processIncomingMessage(message, function(error, msg) { ... })
The session must implement this method to take an incoming Message as defined above, transform it in any way it needs, then return it via the callback. If there is an error processing the message, this method should yield an error as the first argument.
js
session.processOutgoingMessage(message, function(error, msg) { ... })
The session must implement this method to take an outgoing Message as defined above, transform it in any way it needs, then return it via the callback. If there is an error processing the message, this method should yield an error as the first argument.
Note that both processIncomingMessage()
and processOutgoingMessage()
can
perform their logic asynchronously, are allowed to process multiple messages
concurrently, and are not required to complete working on messages in the same
order the messages arrive. websocket-extensions
will reorder messages as your
extension emits them and will make sure every extension is given messages in the
order they arrive from the driver. This allows extensions to maintain state that
depends on the messages’ wire order, for example keeping a DEFLATE compression
context between messages.
js
session.close()
The framework will call this method when the WebSocket session ends, allowing the session to release any resources it’s using.


I was born in Hawaii and grew up in Southern California. In 2006 I moved to New York City. You're probably asking yourself "Why move from Hawaii then California to New York?". Well, 75 degrees and sunny does get boring after a while. I then escaped the metropolis and made my way to Washington D.C. in 2008. Now, I live just east of Capitol Hill. My wife and I love that it is so convenient to the city but still has a residential, small town feel. In June of 2016 we had a daughter who is the most amazing thing that we have ever experienced; and, as most parents will attest, also the most challenging.
After completing high school in San Diego I attended college near Los Angeles, at California Polytechnic Univerisity, Pomona. I initially studied Mechanical Engineering but ultimately switched to Business Management which was the major for my bachelor's degree. It was here where my interest in online applications was developed.
I began my career in the Internet industry as an Account Manager for a start up company, Akiva, that pioneered the use of online communication tools such as Instant Messaging and message boards in the workplace. From there I transitioned into a Technical Support role for a division of Nielsen which focused on demographic analysis and store location planning via a suite of online and desktop applications. I became a Team Leader in this department before moving into their sales group, as an embedded Technical Support Specialist. From there I moved into a Product Management role, responsible for several online applications. These experiences eventually afforded me the opportunity for a Senior Product Manager position at Verisign. There, I managed the inception of their first publically accesible domain name discovery and analysis platform, DomainScope, growing it into one of their flagship offerings. Recently though, a health scare and the new perspective provided by parenthood led me to the realization that what I was doing for a living and what I was passionate about were not well enough aligned. So, I decided to return to my technical roots and began my journey to becoming a full-stack web developer with the GW Coding Boot Camp.


VertxUI is 100% Java 100% async client & server framework,
which abstracts Javascript and HTML behind pure Java in the browser,
and has good support for the asynchronous lightweight server VertX.
You can share the same data classes serverside and clientside, and
you can use Fluent HTML to describe pure model-to-view methods.
VertxUI is very thin, making front-end web development a piece of
cake if strong-typed Java is your language.


Sleepy Hollow (PG-13)
Running time: 105 minutes Directed by Tim Burton Starring: Johnny Depp, Christina Ricci, Casper Van Dien, Miranda Richardson, Michael Gambon, Marc Pickering, Christopher Walken, Michael Gough, Christopher Lee.
I've always loved Tim's work. With Ed Wood and Edward Sissorhands, he has shown an ability to conquer some emotions and aspects of life that hardly anyone has. Blending humor, drama, and horror in some superb workings that have elevated him to the ranks of top directors.
In this film, he explorers the human spirit and it's fears in a very raw and unusual presentation of the classic tale of Ichabod Crane and the headless horseman.
It is a well made film with some superb sequences and brilliant costumes. They actually built a whole town for this film, with a sombre and dark ambiance. The opening sequence is a dark field with some very well made effect that expresses the unknown, produced by the fog.
The cast give to this sexy and spooky film a magnificant performance. Probably, Johnny Depps best work so far. There is a lot of subtle humour in this movie that let loose of some of the tension of the movie. It makes the movie not as scary as most people expect it to be. But, it is unique and has an incredible storyline. Many will say, "it's been done", but personally I don't think it's been done this way. A tale of horror presented with a light humor, I don't think anyone besides Tim Burton, or maybe Alfred Hitchcock could have brought this blend of subtle and "humour noir" to a film like this. We can't help but laugh at the way death is brought to us.....

The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


[gecode-users] Number of propagators
Christian Schulte
schulte at imit.kth.se
Wed May 24 11:32:19 CEST 2006
The trunk is the current development version, it is available via svn (see
the webpage for details).
However, currently I cannot advise to use the trunk as it is broken
currently (I just realized that) and makes quite some incompatible changes
for those having implemented their own propagators (destructors will be
replaced by ordinary member functions so that arguments can be passed to
them!).
Christian
PS: By the way I just realized that these numbers are only available on
non-failed spaces otherwise one (should, I forgot that) will get an
exception!
--
Christian Schulte, http://www.imit.kth.se/~schulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of jeremie.vautard
Sent: Wednesday, May 24, 2006 11:20 AM
To: users
Subject: RE: [gecode-users] Number of propagators
Hi !
Great ! I was about to ask for the same functionnality :) However,
Christian, what do you call the Trunk version ? Is it a yet availiable
version or will it only be at the next release ?
Jérémie Vautard
Accédez au courrier électronique de La Poste : www.laposte.net ;
3615 LAPOSTENET (0,34 €/mn) ; tél : 08 92 68 13 50 (0,34€/mn)
_______________________________________________
Gecode users mailing list
users at gecode.org https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


{% extends "help.html" %} {% load static %} {% block title %}Documentation - Compare and Download{% endblock %} {% block content_help %}
In addition to running and storing individual storage system life cycle simulations, you are also able to compare the results of several simulations simultaneously and download the raw simulation data.
Both the compare and download features are controlled by the checkboxes and buttons on the main simulation index page. Simply check the boxes you wish to compare or download, and click the appropriate button. Your selections will be stored as you navigate between different page numbers.
After a simulation is finished processing you will be redirected to a page where you can view the results. This page includes a plot of the Block Availability Factor throughout the evolution of your system, as well as details of the system itself.
To view and compare the results of several simulations simultaneously, check the box for the relevant simulations followed by the "Compare" Button.
You can download the results of any simulation in a comma separated values (CSV) file to analyze or plot the data in software of your choice. The data includes the parameters used to define the storage system and simulation, along with 3 pieces of data for each of the simulation's cycles: block availability factor, number of blocks faulted this cycle, and number of blocks healed this cycle.


{% extends "/shared/internal_template.html" %} {% block title %}Dashboard{% endblock %} {% block content %}
This is the dashboard. There will be helpful info and links here!


No Notifications
Use the button below to trigger a notification. This will update the notifications shown in the dropdown.


Returns the native character value of the first character in the string "s" which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; "retlen" will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine.
UV utf8n_to_uvchr(const U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)
- utf8n_to_uvuni
-
Bottom level UTF-8 decode routine.
Returns the Unicode code point value of the first character in the string "s"
which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding and no longer than "curlen";
"retlen" will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
If "s" does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, the behaviour is dependent on the value of "flags": if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function will silently just set "retlen" to "-1" and return zero. If the "flags" does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, warnings about malformations will be given, "retlen" will be set to the expected length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
The "flags" can also contain various flags to allow deviations from the strict UTF-8 encoding (see utf8.h).
Most code should use utf8_to_uvchr() rather than call this directly.
UV utf8n_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)
- utf8_distance
-
Returns the number of UTF-8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers "a"
and "b".
WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the same UTF-8 buffer.
IV utf8_distance(const U8 *a, const U8 *b)
- utf8_hop
-
Return the UTF-8 pointer "s" displaced by "off" characters, either
forward or backward.
WARNING: do not use the following unless you *know* "off" is within the UTF-8 data pointed to by "s" *and* that on entry "s" is aligned on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.
U8* utf8_hop(const U8 *s, I32 off)
- utf8_length
-
Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string "s" in characters.
Stops at "e" (inclusive). If "e < s" or if the scan would end
up past "e", croaks.
STRLEN utf8_length(const U8* s, const U8 *e)
- utf8_to_bytes
-
Converts a string "s" of length "len" from UTF-8 into native byte encoding.
Unlike "bytes_to_utf8", this over-writes the original string, and
updates len to contain the new length.
Returns zero on failure, setting "len" to -1.
If you need a copy of the string, see "bytes_from_utf8".
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
U8* utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
- utf8_to_uvchr
-
Returns the native character value of the first character in the string "s"
which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; "retlen" will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
If "s" does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, zero is returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
UV utf8_to_uvchr(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
- utf8_to_uvuni
-
Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string "s"
which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; "retlen" will be set to the
length, in bytes, of that character.
This function should only be used when the returned UV is considered an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes).
If "s" does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character, zero is returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
UV utf8_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
- uvchr_to_utf8
-
Adds the UTF-8 representation of the Native codepoint "uv" to the end
of the string "d"; "d" should be have at least "UTF8_MAXBYTES+1" free
bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
end of the new character. In other words,
d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, uv);
is the recommended wide native character-aware way of saying
*(d++) = uv; U8* uvchr_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
- uvuni_to_utf8_flags
-
Adds the UTF-8 representation of the Unicode codepoint "uv" to the end
of the string "d"; "d" should be have at least "UTF8_MAXBYTES+1" free
bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
end of the new character. In other words,
d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, flags);
or, in most cases,
d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
(which is equivalent to)
d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, 0);
is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
*(d++) = uv; U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)
Variables created by xsubpp and xsubpp internal functions
- ax
-
Variable which is setup by "xsubpp" to indicate the stack base offset,
used by the "ST", "XSprePUSH" and "XSRETURN" macros. The "dMARK" macro
must be called prior to setup the "MARK" variable.
I32 ax
- CLASS
-
Variable which is setup by "xsubpp" to indicate the
class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a "char*". See "THIS".
char* CLASS
- dAX
-
Sets up the "ax" variable.
This is usually handled automatically by "xsubpp" by calling "dXSARGS".
dAX;
- dAXMARK
-
Sets up the "ax" variable and stack marker variable "mark".
This is usually handled automatically by "xsubpp" by calling "dXSARGS".
dAXMARK;
- dITEMS
-
Sets up the "items" variable.
This is usually handled automatically by "xsubpp" by calling "dXSARGS".
dITEMS;
- dUNDERBAR
-
Sets up the "padoff_du" variable for an XSUB that wishes to use
"UNDERBAR".
dUNDERBAR;
- dXSARGS
-
Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
Sets up the "ax" and "items" variables by calling "dAX" and "dITEMS".
This is usually handled automatically by "xsubpp".
dXSARGS;
- dXSI32
-
Sets up the "ix" variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
handled automatically by "xsubpp".
dXSI32;
- items
-
Variable which is setup by "xsubpp" to indicate the number of
items on the stack. See ``Variable-length Parameter Lists'' in perlxs.
I32 items
- ix
-
Variable which is setup by "xsubpp" to indicate which of an
XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See ``The ALIAS: Keyword'' in perlxs.
I32 ix
- newXSproto
- Used by "xsubpp" to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to the subs.
- RETVAL
-
Variable which is setup by "xsubpp" to hold the return value for an
XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
``The RETVAL Variable'' in perlxs.
(whatever) RETVAL
- ST
-
Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
SV* ST(int ix)
- THIS
-
Variable which is setup by "xsubpp" to designate the object in a C++
XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See "CLASS" and
``Using XS With C++'' in perlxs.
(whatever) THIS
- UNDERBAR
- The SV* corresponding to the $_ variable. Works even if there is a lexical $_ in scope.
- XS
- Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by "xsubpp".
- XS_VERSION
- The version identifier for an XS module. This is usually handled automatically by "ExtUtils::MakeMaker". See "XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK".
- XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
-
Macro to verify that a PM module's $VERSION variable matches the XS
module's "XS_VERSION" variable. This is usually handled automatically by
"xsubpp". See ``The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword'' in perlxs.
XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK;
Warning and Dieing
- croak
-
This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's "die" function.
Normally call this function the same way you call the C "printf"
function. Calling "croak" returns control directly to Perl,
sidestepping the normal C order of execution. See "warn".
If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to $@ and then pass "NULL" to croak():
errsv = get_sv("@", GV_ADD); sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object); croak(NULL); void croak(const char* pat, ...)
- warn
-
This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's "warn" function. Call this
function the same way you call the C "printf" function. See "croak".
void warn(const char* pat, ...)
AUTHORS
Until May 1997, this document was maintained by Jeff Okamoto<EMAIL_ADDRESS>It is now maintained as part of Perl itself.With lots of help and suggestions from Dean Roehrich, Malcolm Beattie, Andreas Koenig, Paul Hudson, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Marquess, Neil Bowers, Matthew Green, Tim Bunce, Spider Boardman, Ulrich Pfeifer, Stephen McCamant, and Gurusamy Sarathy.
API Listing originally by Dean Roehrich<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Updated to be autogenerated from comments in the source by Benjamin Stuhl.
SEE ALSO
perlguts(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), perlintern(1)
Index
- NAME
- DESCRIPTION
- Gimme Values
- Array Manipulation Functions
- Callback Functions
- Character classes
- Cloning an interpreter
- CV Manipulation Functions
- Embedding Functions
- Functions in file dump.c
- Functions in file mathoms.c
- Functions in file perl.h
- Functions in file pp_ctl.c
- Functions in file pp_pack.c
- GV Functions
- Handy Values
- Hash Manipulation Functions
- Magical Functions
- Memory Management
- Miscellaneous Functions
- MRO Functions
- Multicall Functions
- Numeric functions
- Optree Manipulation Functions
- Pad Data Structures
- Per-Interpreter Variables
- REGEXP Functions
- Simple Exception Handling Macros
- Stack Manipulation Macros
- SV Flags
- SV Manipulation Functions
- SV-Body Allocation
- Unicode Support
- Variables created by xsubpp and xsubpp internal functions
- Warning and Dieing
- AUTHORS
- SEE ALSO
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:07 GMT, December 24, 2015


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