International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, PCT/US05/26067, May 23, 2007. cited by other
. "What's New: Timex Watch Features Speedpass System", http://www.speedpass.com/news/article.jsp?id=51 (1 page). cited by other
. "Physical Reality: A Second Look", Ken Sharp, Senior Technical Editor, http://www.idsystems.com/reader/1999.sub.--03/phys0399.sub.--pt2/phys0399- .sub.--pt2.htm (6 pages). cited by other
. "Magic Wands' to Speed Mobile Sales", BobBrewin, Jan. 15, 2001, http://www.computerworld.com/mobiletopics/mobile/story/1,10801,563300.htm- l (4 pages). cited by other
. "Mobile Speedpass Goes GLobal as Mobil Singpaore Rolls Out Asia's First RFID-Based Pay-At-The-Pump System", Press Release, Apr. 5, 1999, http://www.ti.com/tiris/docs/news.sub.--releases/rel12.htm (3 pages). cited by other
. "Speedpass Unleashed", Jun. 4, 2002, http://www.cardweb.com/cardtrak/news/cf2.sub.--20a.sub.--97.html (2 pages). cited by other
. Prophecy Central Update #9, Oct. 10, 1997, http://www.bible-prophecy.com/pcu9.htm (5 pages). cited by other
. International newsletter of the TI RFID Group, Issue 20, 2000 (12 pages). cited by other
. "CES: Microsoft's SPOT Technology has Humble Origins", by James Niccolai, Jan. 10, 2003, http://archive.inforworld.com/articles/hn/xml/03/01/10/030110hnsport.xml?- s=IDGNS (3 pages). cited by other
. "Microsoft: See SPOT Run On Your Wrist", by Richard Shim, Jun. 5, 2003, http://news.com.com/2100-1041.sub.--3-1013442.html?tag=fd.sub.--top (1 page). cited by other
. "Networking: Microsoft SPOT", by Jeremy A. Kaplan, Jul. 1, 2003, http://www.pcmag.com/print.sub.--article/0,3048,a=43561,00.asp (2 pages). cited by other
. "Microsoft Launches Smart Personal object Technology Initiative", Press Release from COMDEX Fall 2002, Nov. 17, 2002, http://www.Microsoft.com/presspass/features/2002/nov02/11-17SPOT.asp (4 pages). cited by other
. "Bank Extends RFID Payment Pilot: Bank of America will continue to tests its QuickWave RFID payment card for another three months", RFID Journal, Jan. 23, 2003. cited by other
. MasterCard to Test RFID Card: Pilot will test whether consumers, merchants and credit card issuers value "contactless payments", RFID Journal, Dec. 20, 2002. cited by other
. "Vendors Target Amusement Parks: Protecting children and enabling cashless payments make RFID an appealing option for the entertainment industry", RFID Journal, Nov. 27, 2002. cited by other
. "Inside's Next-Gen Smart Card: The French company plans to introduce an RFID card that uses a 16-bit microprocessor and new encryption technology", RFID Journal, Oct. 29, 2002. cited by other
. "Sony, Philips Creating RFID Link: Consumer electronics giants are jointly developing a new RFID standard for payments and for communication between devices", RFID Jornal, Sep. 17, 2002. cited by other
. "Japan Gets Digital Ticket System: A national ticket seller and phone company are teaming up to create an electronic ticket", RFID Journal, Aug. 31, 2002. cited by other
. "Security for Wireless Java: NTRU, a startup that offers security software, has released a Java version of its NTRU encryption algorithm", RFID Journal, Jun. 27, 2002. cited by other
. "Making RFID Payments Ubiquitous: Philips and Visa want people to be able to pay for goods and services anywhere by using RFID chips embedded in the phones and other devices", RFID Journal, Jun. 2, 2003. cited by other
. "RFID Smart Cards Gain Ground: The convenience of contactless transactions is driving widespread adoption of contactless smart cards", RFID Journal, Apr. 9, 2003. cited by other
. "TI Embraces Prox Card Standard: Texas Instruments ISO 14443 payment platform promises faster data transfer rates and more security", RFID Journal, Mar. 6, 2003. cited by other
. Multiple Frequency Transponders: "Volume production of dual-band RFID chips begins", Frontline Solutions, Jul. 16, 2003. cited by other
.  "Sony, Phillips to Test RFID Platform", RFID Journal, May 8, 2003. cited by other
. US Banker, Article 5, 1995, http://www.banking.com/us-banker/art5. cited by other
. Financial Technology International Bulletin, V14, n1, p4, Sep. 1996. cited by other
. Green, Thomas C., "American Express Offers temporary CC numbers for the web," Sep. 9, 2000, the Register, www.Theregister.c.uk/c. cited by other
. CNN.com, U.S. News, "American Express to offer disposable credit card numbers," Sep. 8, 2000, Associated Press, www.cnn.c. cited by other
. American Express, "Private Payments (sm): A New Level of Security from American Express," American Express Website, Cards. cited by other
. Martin, Zack, "One-Time Numbers Stop Web Hackers From Pilfering Data," Jan. 2001, Card Marketing, Thomson Financial, www.c rdf rum.c. cited by other
. The Dollar Stretcher, "Disposable Credit Card Numbers,"Jan. 2001, CardRatings.org, www.stretcher.c. cited by other
. Office Action dated Mar. 26, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/905,005. cited by other
. Office Action dated Oct. 8, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/905,005. cited by other
. Final Office Action dated May 29, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/905,005. cited by other
. ISR dated Dec. 30, 2002 for PCT/US02/0219903. cited by other
. Office Action dated Dec. 30, 2005 for CN02813783.3. cited by other
. Office Action dated May 16, 2007 for CN02813783.3 cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 8, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No 10/340,352. cited by other
. Final Office Action mailed Jun. 13, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/340,352. cited by other
. Advisory Action mailed Aug. 19, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/340,352. cited by other
. Office Action dated Jan. 29, 2007 for CA2458143. cited by other
. Office Action dated Dec. 19, 2007 for CA2458143. cited by other
. Supplemental Search Report dated May 26, 2006 for EP03763325.2. cited by other
. Examination Report dated Oct. 26, 2006 for EP03763325.2. cited by other
. Office Action dated Aug. 3, 2006 in JP2004-562629. cited by other
. Office Action dated Mar. 8, 2007 in JP2004-562629. cited by other
. Final Office Action dated Oct. 4, 2007 in JP2004-562629. cited by other
. ISR dated Apr. 22, 2004 for PCT/US03/21279. cited by other
. Office Action dated Oct. 4, 2007 for JP2007-026166. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 26, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/905,005. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 1, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/905,006. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jul. 12, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/905,006. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jun. 20, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,480. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jan. 24, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,480. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Mar. 13, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,480. cited by other
. ISR dated Apr. 22, 2004 for PCT/US03/21447. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 22, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/876,822. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Aug. 3, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/876,822. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 6, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/876,822. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 18, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/876,822. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 28, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/876,822. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Aug. 22, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/876,822. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 23, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,432. cited by other
. Restriction Requirement issued Jan. 17, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,432. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,432. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 13, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,432. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jun. 27, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/318,432. cited by other
. ISR dated Apr. 22, 2004 for PCT/US03/21280. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 10, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/160,627. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jun. 24, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/160,627. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Aug. 6, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/160,627. cited by other
. Restriction Requirement issued Apr. 30, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/160,548. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Aug. 21, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/160,548. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 8, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,839. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 21, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,839. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,839. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 2, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,839. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jan. 25, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,839. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Oct. 11, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,839. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 7, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,585. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued May 11, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,585. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 28, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,823. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 17, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,823. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,823. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 29, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,838. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,838. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 18, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,838. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Nov. 1, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,838. cited by other
. ISR/WO issued Jan. 29, 2008 in PCT/US06/22542. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 1, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,613. cited by other
. Restriction Requirement issued Aug. 7, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,613. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 9, 2003 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/242,584. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jul. 9, 2004 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/242,584. cited by other
. Office Action dated May 23, 2008 for JP2004-543166. cited by other
. ISR dated Mar. 7, 2003 for PCT/US02/32653. cited by other
. WO dated Aug. 27, 2004 for PCT/US02/32653. cited by other
. IPER dated Jan. 10, 2005 for PCT/US02/32653. cited by other
. Ex-Parte Quayle Action issued Jun. 6, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,484. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Aug. 2, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,484. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 17, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,773. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 1, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,773. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 15, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,773. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued May 17, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,773. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Jun. 20, 2005 for PCT/US05/07195. cited by other
. IPRP (Ch 1) dated Apr. 19, 2007 for PCT/US05/07195. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 28, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/709,815. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Sep. 26, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/709,815. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 10, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/163,595. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 12, 2005 in U.S. Serial No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 2, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Dec. 20, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 7, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 19, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jan. 10, 2007 in U.S. Serial No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 23, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Sep. 19, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,822. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Nov. 16, 2005 for PCT/US05/09452. cited by other
. IPRP dated Aug. 16, 2006 for PCT/US05/09452. cited by other
. IPRP dated Jan. 5, 2007 for PCT/US05/09452. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 22, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/858,958. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jun. 6, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,830. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Oct. 4, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,830. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Mar. 2, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,830. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Aug. 4, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,830. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 15, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,831. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Oct. 31, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,831. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Mar. 6, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,831. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jun. 6, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,833. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Dec. 9, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,833. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Feb. 23, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,833. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 22, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,837. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. 10/708,837. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jan. 12, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,837. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 23, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,837. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Aug. 19, 2008 for PCT/US05/07905. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 7, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,550. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued May 11, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,550. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Feb. 16, 2007 for PCT/US05/36848. cited by other
. IPRP (Ch 1) dated Apr. 26, 2007 for PCT/US05/36848. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 4, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,965. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Oct. 16, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,965. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Mar. 28, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,965. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jul. 31, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,965. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Aug. 18, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,965. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 4, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,970. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Feb. 2, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,970. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Aug. 17, 2006 for PCT/US05/36828. cited by other
. IPRP (Ch 1) dated Apr. 26, 2007 for PCT/US05/36828. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 25, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,964. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jun. 30, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,964. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Sep. 10, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,964. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Oct. 3, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,966. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 21, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,966. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 11, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,966. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 28, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,824. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 17, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,824. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,824. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 13, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,825. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 11, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,825. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 25, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,825. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 29, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,826. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 17, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,826. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,826. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,827. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,827. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,827. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 27, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,828. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 21, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,828. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Mar. 22, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,828. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 15, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,829. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 25, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,829. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,829. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 27, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,832. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Aug. 16, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,832. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 20, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,834. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 25, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,834. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,834. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 16, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,835. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 17, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,835. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,835. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 16, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,836. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 25, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,836. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,836. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Aug. 8, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,838. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 2, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,309. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Dec. 19, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,309. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 6, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,310. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 19, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,310. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Dec. 29, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,310. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 5, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,310. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Oct. 20, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,310. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 19, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,311. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jun. 28, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,311. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,315. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 13, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,315. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Apr. 20, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,315. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,317. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 18, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,317. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Mar. 22, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,317. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 19, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,319. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Aug. 9, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,319. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,323. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Dec. 12, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,323. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,324. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Oct. 11, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,324. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,325. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jun. 4, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,325. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 22, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,326. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,326. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jan. 12, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,326. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,326. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Oct. 4, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,326. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Nov. 8, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,326. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/861,347. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 2, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/861,351. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/861,354. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 25, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,327. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Nov. 13, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,327. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/861,463. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 8, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/861,481. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 21, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,328. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jun. 28, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,328. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 19, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,329. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Aug. 23, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,329. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,330. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Nov. 17, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,330. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 29, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,331. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 29, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,331. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,331. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 3, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,331. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Jan. 10, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,331. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 19, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 21, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Restriction Requirement issued Mar. 22, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,597. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Aug. 8, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,597. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Mar. 17, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,597. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jul. 11, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,597. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 1, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/746,781. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 10, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/746,781. cited by other
. Ex-Parte Quayle Action issued Dec. 14, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,549. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued May 8, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,549. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 17, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/810,469. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jan. 11, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/810,469. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Apr. 30, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/810,469. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Aug. 5, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/810,469. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 28, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 21, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 2, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 10, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Oct. 4, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,307. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Nov. 8, 2007 in U.S. Serial No. 710,307. cited by other
. Office Action dated Mar. 6, 2008 for AU2005270228. cited by other
. Office Action dated Jun. 18, 2008 for AU2005270228. cited by other
. Office Action dated Apr. 14, 2008 for CA2570739. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Oct. 10, 2006 for PCT/US05/19388. cited by other
. IPRP dated Mar. 15, 2007 for PCT/US05/19388. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 26, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/859,153. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jun. 20, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/859,153. cited by other
. Examination Report dated Jun. 22, 2007 for GB 0700319.7. cited by other
. Examination Report dated Nov. 22, 2007 for GB 0700319.7. cited by other
. Search Report dated May 23, 2008 for GB 0700319.7. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 26, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/859,171. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jun. 19, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/859,171. cited by other
. Examination Report dated Jun. 16, 2008 for SG200608843-9. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 29, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 29, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 2, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jan. 8, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Sep. 26, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Dec. 11, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,308. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 18, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/860,704. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jul. 3, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/860,704. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 3, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/860,726. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jul. 14, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/860,726. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 19, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,309. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Nov. 21, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,309. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Feb. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,309. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 3, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jan. 5, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 20, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Oct. 4, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Nov. 8, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,332. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 2, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/861,600. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/861,626. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 27, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,334. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Sep. 30, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,334. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Dec. 19, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,334. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,334. cited by other
. Notice of Abandonment issued Nov. 6, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,334. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Aug. 8, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Dec. 15, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Mar. 8, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 9, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 19, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jan. 12, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 19, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Sep. 19, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Oct. 25, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,335. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued May 1, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/862,268. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Aug. 4, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/306,617. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Jul. 9, 2008 for PCT/US06/45362. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jun. 24, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/161,295. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 8, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/906,732. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Mar. 8, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/906,732. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jul. 5, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/906,732. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Aug. 11, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/906,732. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Oct. 15, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/161,105. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Apr. 21, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/161,105. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jul. 3, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/161,105. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 11, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/552,886. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Aug. 6, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/552,886. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Sep. 18, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/552,886. cited by other
. Obongo.com Website, "Obongo," Aug. 8, 2000 (Description of wallet toolbar also available at http://www.obongo. com/chabi/website/index.htm). cited by other
. PR Newswire (press release), "Providian Launches Nation's First Clear Chip Card," Sep. 12, 2000. The press release may be related to the art of the invention, but based upon the information in the press release, it is unclear if the press release is
prior art. However, in an abundance of caution the Applicant desires to put the press release into the file wrapper. cited by other
. "RFID Take Priority With Wal-Mart", by DocMemory, http://www.simmtester.com/page/news/shownews.asp?num=6550, Feb. 9, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Microsoft, IBM and Phillips Test RFID Technology", by Rohde, IDG New Service, http:www.computerweekly.com/Article127889.htm, Feb. 9, 2004, 3 pages. cited by other
. "PowerPay RFID Payment and Marketing Solution Speeds Purchases at Seahawks Stadium with Technology from Texas Instruments", http://www.powerpayit.com/news/Seahawks.sub.--pr.html, Feb. 9, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. Derfler, "How Networks Work," Bestseller Edition 1996, Ziff-Davis Press, Emeryville, CA, all pages. cited by other
. White, "How Computers Work," Millennium Edition, 1999, Que Corporation, Indianapolis, IN, all pages. cited by other
. Gralia, "How the Internet Works," Millennium Edition, 1999, Que Corporation, Indianapolis, IN, all pages. cited by other
. Muller, "Desktop Encyclopedia of the Internet," 1999, Artech House Inc., Norwood, MA, all pages. cited by other
. "The Bank Credit Card Business," American Bankers Association, 1996, all pages. cited by other
. Menezes, et al., "Handbook of Applied Cryptography," 1997, CRC Press, Chapter 10. cited by other
. U.S. Appl. No. 60/395,606, filed Jul. 15, 2002. cited by other
. "Credit Card Offer Travelers New Benefit," PR Newswire, Aug. 5, 1987. cited by other
. "Inside's Next Gen Smart Card: The French company plans to introduce an RFID card that uses a 16-bit microprocessor and new encryption technology," RFID Journal, Oct. 29, 2002. cited by other
. "New Evidence about Positive Three-Tier Co-Pay Performance Presented at Express Scripts 2000 Outcomes Conference," PR Newswire Association, Inc., Jun. 28, 2000. cited by other
. "Prestige Credit Cards: Those Pricey Plastics," Changing Times, Apr. 1986. cited by other
. "Shell Introduces Optional Credit Card," The Associated Press, Sep. 3, 1985. cited by other
. "Shell Introducing Expanded `Signature ` Credit Card," Tulsa Business Chronicle, Sep. 5, 1985. cited by other
. "Shell-Oil: Introduces Shell Signature Travel and Entertainment Credit Card," Business Wire, Sep. 3, 1985. cited by other
. "The Chase Manhattan Bank Today Announced a Comprehensive Program to Enhance the Value of All of its Credit Cards," PR Newswire, Dec. 18, 1986. cited by other
. Carey, Gordon, "Multi-tier Copay," Pharmaceutical Executive, Feb. 2000. cited by other
. Crumbaugh, Darlene M., "Effective Marketing Positions: Check card as consumer lifeline," Hoosier Banker, Apr. 1998, p. 10, vol. 82, issue 4. cited by other
. Gabber, et al., "Agora: A Minimal Distributed Protocol for Electronic Commerce," USENIX Oakland, CA, Nov. 18, 1996. cited by other
. Goldwasser, Joan, "Best of the Cash-Back Cards," Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine, Apr. 1999. cited by other
. Kuntz, Mary, "Credit Cards as Good as Gold," Forbes, Nov. 4, 1985. cited by other
. Lahey, Liam, "Microsoft Bolsters Rebate Structure," Computer Dealer News, Feb. 8, 2002. cited by other
. Lamond, "Credit Card Transactions Real World and Online," Copyright 1996. cited by other
. Nyman, Judy, "Free Income Tax Clinics are Opening as Apr. 30 Deadline Draws Nearer," The Toronto Star, Final Edition, Mar. 25, 1986. cited by other
. Obel, Michael, "Oil Companies Push Marketing, Cost Cutting to Fortify Earnings," Oil & Gas Journal, Sep. 16, 1985. cited by other
. Schmuckler, Eric, "Playing Your Cards Right," Forbes, Dec. 28, 1987. cited by other
. "Core One Credit Union-- Discover The Advantage," http://coreone.org/2visa.html, Copyright 2001 (last visited Oct. 9, 2002). cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 20, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/192,488. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Sep. 8, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/192,488. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Nov. 10, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/192,488. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 18, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/192,488. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Sep. 25, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/192,488. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Feb. 2, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/192,488. cited by other
. Examiner's Report dated Oct. 5, 2006 for AU2002318293. cited by other
. Office Action dated Jun. 28, 2007 in CA 2,452,351. cited by other
. Office Action dated Apr. 25, 2008 in CA 2,452,351. cited by other
. Supplemental Search Report dated Nov. 16, 2004 for EP02748120.9. cited by other
. Examination Report dated Mar. 8, 2005 for EP02748120.9. cited by other
. Examination Report dated Feb. 8, 2006 for EP02748120.9. cited by other
. Examination Report dated Oct. 24, 2007 for EP02748120.9. cited by other
. Office Action dated Mar. 9, 2006 in JP2003-513257. cited by other
. Office Action dated Oct. 20, 2006 in JP2003-513257. cited by other
. Office Action dated Aug. 1, 2007 in JP2003-513257. cited by other
. Office Action dated Jan. 29, 2008 in JP2003-513257. cited by other
. Office Action dated Jul. 11, 2007 for MX PA/a/2004/000253. cited by other
. Office Action dated Jan. 27, 2005 in NZ530497. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Oct. 12, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,837. cited by other
. Supplemental Notice of Allowance issued Dec. 20, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,837. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Dec. 11, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,533. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 25, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,533. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Aug. 29, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,533. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 4, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,556. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 31, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,556. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 10, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,840. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 17, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,840. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Sep. 5, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,840. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 8, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,580. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 11, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,623. cited by other
. Restriction Requirement issued Aug. 20, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/851,623. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 15, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/858,393. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 30, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,841. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 25, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,841. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Oct. 6, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,841. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 11, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/164,352. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Aug. 18, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/164,352. cited by other
. ISR/WO dated Jul. 11, 2008 for PCT/US06/07570. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Aug. 11, 2004 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Mar. 24, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued May 18, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 27, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Nov. 16, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 31, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Oct. 6, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jan. 8, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jun. 18, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Sep. 24, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/611,563. cited by other
. ISR dated Mar. 26, 2004 for PCT/US03/34602. cited by other
. WO dated Oct. 13, 2004 for PCT/US03/34602. cited by other
. IPER dated Jan. 20, 2005 for PCT/US03/34602. cited by other
. Office Action dated Feb. 16, 2005 for TW092131042. cited by other
. Office Action dated May 18, 2006 for AR 041912 A1. cited by other
. Office Action dated Mar. 8, 2007 for AR 041912 A1. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Apr. 1, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/810,473. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Oct. 17, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,611. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued May 28, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,611. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Sep. 5, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/710,611. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 4, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,720. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Jul. 23, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/711,720. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Jul. 7, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,548. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance issued Jan. 31, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,548. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Feb. 25, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,569. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Sep. 24, 2007 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,547. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Feb. 14, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,547. cited by other
. Advisory Action issued Jul. 29, 2008 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,547. cited by other
. Non-Final Office Action issued Mar. 22, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,597. cited by other
. Final Office Action issued Oct. 10, 2006 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/708,597. cited by other
. ISO/IEC 7816-6:1996(E)--First Edition--May 15, 1996 (P). cited by other
. ISO/IEC 7816-4:1995(E)--First Edition--Sep. 1, 1995 (P). cited by other
. "Biometrics: Speaker Verification", by Kulkarni, et al., http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/speaker.html, Mar. 8, 2004, 5 pages. cited by other
. "Judge Dismisses FTC Suit Against Rambus", Evers, IDG New Service, http://www.infoworld.com/article/04/02/18/HNjudgedismisses.sub.--1.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 3 pages. cited by other
. "Credit on Your Key Ring, Buy Gas at Mobil, Exxon and Soon Burgers at McDonald's", by Krakow, MSNBC, http:// www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3072638, Feb. 17, 2004, 4 pages. cited by other
. "The Evolution of Mobile Payment", by McPherson, Financial Insights, Feb. 2, 2004, http://www.banktech.com./story/mews/showArticle/jhtml?article ID=17601432, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Pay by Touch Press Releases", http://www.paybytouch.com/press.html, Feb. 10, 2004. cited by other
. "Putting Their Finger on It", by Wilson, http://sanfrancisco.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2003/10/20/story- 6.html?t=printable, Feb. 9, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "TI Embraces Prox Card Standard", by Roberti, Mar. 6, 2003, http://www.ti.com/tiris/docs/in-the-news/2003/3-6-03.shtml, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Paying It By Ear", The Guardian, Jan. 18, 2003, http://money.guardian.co.uk/creditanddebt/creditcards/story/0,1456,876908- ,00.html, 3 pages. cited by other
. Pay by Touch--Company, http://www.paybytouch.com/company.html. cited by other
. "Identix Inc.--Empowering Identification.TM. --Understanding Biometrics", http://www.identix.com/newsroom/news.sub.--biometrics.sub.--face.html, 1 page. cited by other
. "International Biometric Group--Signature Biometrics: How It Works", http://www.ibgweb.com./reports/public/reports/signature-scan.sub.--tech.h- tml, Feb. 18, 2004, 1 page. cited by other
. "International Biometric Group--Voice Recognition Technology: How It Works", http://www.ibgweb.com/reports/public/ reports/voice-scan.sub.--tech.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 1 page. cited by other
. "The Henry Classification System", International Biometric Group, 7 pages. cited by other
. "Individual Biometrics--Hand Geometry", http://ctl.ncsc.dni.us/biomet%20web/BMHand.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Individual Biometrics--Retinal Scan", http:ctl.ncsc.dni.us/biomet%20web/BMRetinal.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Individual Biometrics--Iris Scan", http:ctl.ncsc.dni.us/biomet%20web/BMIris.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Individual Biometrics--Vascular Patterns", http:ctl.ncsc.dni.us/biomet%20web/BMVascular.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 1 pages. cited by other
. "Individual Biometrics--Fingerprint", http:ctl.ncsc.dni.us/biomet%20web/BMFingerprint.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 3 pages. cited by other
. "Fingerprint Technology--Indentix Inc.--Empowering Identification.TM. Understanding Biometrics", http://www.identix.com/newsroom/news.sub.--biometrics.sub.--finger.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 1. cited by other
. "Individual Biometrics--Facial Recognition", http:ctl.ncsc.dni.us/biomet%20web/BMfacial.html, Feb. 18, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Fingerprint Analysis--The Basics", http://www.crimtrac.gov.au/fingerprintanalysis.htm, Feb. 18, 2004, 3 pages. cited by other
. "Visual Speech and Speaker Recognition", by Luettin, Jun. 30, 2000, http://herens.idiap.ch/.about.luettin/luettin-thesis.bib.abs. html, 1 page. cited by other
. "Automatic Ear Recognition by Force Field Transformations", by Hurley, et al., The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2000, pp. 7/1-7/5. cited by other
. "Everything You Need to Know About Biometrics", by Bowman, Identix Croproation, Jan. 2000, 8 pages. cited by other
. "How Fingerprint Scanners Work", by Harris, http:computer.howstuffworks.com/fingerprint-scanner.htm/printable, Feb. 18, 2004, 6 pages. cited by other
. "How Facial Recognition Systems Work", by Bonsor, http://computer.howstuffworks.com/facial-recognition.htm/printable, Feb. 18, 2004, 6 pages. cited by other
. Biometrics: Hand Geometry, by Ross, et al., http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/hand.sub.--geometry.html, Feb. 26, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Biometric Person Authentication: Odor", by Korotkaya, Department of Information Technology, Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 18 pages. cited by other
. "ISO Magnetic Stripe Card Standards", http://www.cyberd.co.uk/support./technotes/ioscards.htm, Feb. 9, 2004, 4 pages. cited by other
. "Smart Card Developer's Kit: Some Basic Standards for Smart Cards", http:unix.be.eu.org/docs/smart-card-developer-kit/ch03/033-035.html, Feb. 9, 2004, 2 pages. cited by other
. "Smart Card Technology and Applications"; http://disc.cba.uh.edu/.about.rhirsch/fall96/lara.htm (8 pages). cited by other
. Goldmanb, J., "Internet Security, The Next Generation, When Software Encryption is not Enough," Web Techniques, Nov. 1997, pp. 43-46. cited by other
. Simmons, J., "Smart Cards Hold the Key to Secure Internet Commerce," EC World, Dec. 1998, pp. 36-38. cited by other
. Wayner, P., "Digital Cash," AP Professional, 1996, pp. 76-83, 85-100. cited by other
. "ISO Standards," available from http://www.iso.ch/projects/loading.html. cited by other
. Turban, et al., "Using Smartcards in Electronic Commerce," Proc. 31st Annual Hawaii Inter. Conf. on System Sciences, vol. 4, 1998, pp. 62-69. cited by other
. Dhem, et al., "SCALPS: Smart Card for Limited Payment Systems," IEEE Micro, Jun. 1996, pp. 42-51. cited by other
. Smith, M.T., "Smart Cards: Integrating for Portable Complexity," Computer-Integrated Engineering, Aug. 1998, pp. 110-115. cited by other
. Geer, et al., "Token-Mediated Certification and Electronic Commerce," Proc. 2nd USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce, Nov. 18-21, 1996, pp. 13-22. cited by other
. Gobioff, et al., "Smart Cards in Hostile Environments," Proc. 2nd USENIX Workshop in Electronic Commerce, Nov. 18-21, 1996, pp. 23-28. cited by other
. Fancher, C.H., "In Your Pocket Smartcards," IEEE Spectrum, Feb. 1997, pp. 47-53. cited by other
. Blythe, I., "Smarter, More Secure Smartcards," BYTE, Jun. 1997, pp. 63-64. cited by other
. Leach, Dr. J., "Dynamic Authentication for Smartcards," Computers and Security, vol. 14, No. 5, 1995, pp. 385-389. cited by other
. Wu, et al., "Authenticating Passwords Over an Insecure Channel," Computers and Security, vol. 15, No. 5, 1996, pp. 431-439. cited by other
. Manninger, et al., "Adapting an Electronic Purse for Internet Payments," ACISP '98 Proceedings, Jul. 13-15, 1998, pp. 205-214. cited by other
. Yan, et al., "Banking on the Internet and Its Applications," Proc. 13th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, vol. 4, 1997, pp. 275-284. cited by other
. Transport Layer Security Working Group, "The SSL Protocol, Version 3.0," Nov. 18, 1996 (also available at http://home.netscape.com/eng/ssI3/draft302.txt). cited by other
. Business Wire (press release), "Master Card E-Wallet," Jul. 11, 2000. cited by other
. Notice of Allowance and Fees Due mailed Aug. 28, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/905,005. cited by other. |


File Error
A problem has occurred loading the image. If the issue persists contact your administrator.
Return


Using an interactive mind map for blog post comments instead of the currently ubiquitous linear method.
Linear blog post comments don't represent input from people well
Interactive means your map changes as people make changes to the map
Don't just rely on the crowd to provide content—rely on the crowd to give you content and then to give structure and meaning to that content.
Needs to be fun and attractive, i.e., animated if possible
Interactive mindmap blog comments are much more useful
Ok, it's not that there won't be spam, it's that your crowd will be able to classify it as such and thus get it out of the way.
A way of rating your agreement with the handling of a complex subject can be done on a node-by-node (or branch by branch) basis, creating a temperature map with shades of green (agree) and red (disagree) and white (neutral). Anybody can easily sign off in a complex way to a complex handling of a complex issue, because you can now both "agree" and "disagree" in a nuanced way.
Instead of countless repetitions of the handling of the same socio-political issues over and over again in the public dialogue using linear communication, change the focus of communication for complex issues. One mind map will suffice to get all the viewpoints in, then it is "done" except for tweaks from new people and updates to real life changes.
Then what do you do with the map? You use it to solve problems!


HTML, Pug, AWS "Amazon Web Services," AWS Cloud 9, CSS, Bootstrap, Sass, Windows & Mac Command Line/Terminal, DOM, Git, BitBucket, Github, Heroku, Phaser "game engine," Adobe Photoshop, images/files such as JPG, PNG, JP2, TIFF, PDF, BMP, GIF & SVG images, Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe Muse, Adobe Creative Cloud Suite, Game development, Most every IDE, NPM "Node Package Manager," Google AdSence, JSON, AJAX, Fetch API, REST APIs, local storage, Wix, Go Daddy, WordPress, CI/CD "continuous integration & continuous deployment", Google Analytics, GTW "Google Web Toolkit," AI "Artificial Antelligence," Jade, Twilio, Browserify & SQL.
Full-Stack Software Engineering Intern at Dance4Healing.com
Full-stack intern work experience with AI, Express.js, Heroku, Node.js, Jade, Mongoose.js, Twilio, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, Passport.js, Vimeo JS Player SDK, Bit Bucket, Git, Github, Browserify & more.
See the projectDish Submitter JS , CSS, HTML & DOM
I made this project upon request using Javascript, HTML, CSS, DOM & local-storage. This project was actually very fun to make & was I really like the CSS in it & the DOM was just so fun! Take a look, submit a dish, test it out & have fun!
Dish code on LWRGitHub.Game made with JavaScript, DOM, HTML & CSS
I created an awesome game that uses the DOM "a tightly integrated part of JavaScript." The game is on one HTML document with the CSS, DOM & JavaScript on the same page. I had fun making it I hope you enjoy playing it.
See how I wrote the code on LWRGitHub.Personal Portfolio, made with JavaScript, HTML, CSS & BootStraps
This website you are curently on is the "Personal Portfolio" project. I created the site using HTML, CSS, JS, BootStraps & more. I hope you like it!
See the code for this website on LWRGitHub.Interactive JavaScript Animation also coded with HTML & CSS
This project is an example of interactive animation with Javascript. This project uses HTML, CSS, DOM, SVG & JavaScript. The ending was an interesting part of the project as it was the first time I used an svg image. The project was completed with time to spare and was fun to make, I hope you all enjoy it!
Take a look at the written code on LWRGitHub.Phaser game coded with HTML, JavaScript & the Phaser game engine.
This project uses HTML, Phaser, DOM, JavaScript & more. This project is a shore one-page game using the framework Phaser. This framework "Phaser" is an HTML JS gaming framework basically it makes it easy to make a game with JavaScript. I hope you all have fun with it!
Link to the code on LWRGitHub.Connect Four! Game created with JS, HTML & CSS
I made a game that uses JavaScript classes & you may just be one of these people that have played the game in real life. The game is called four in a row, I hope you like it!
GitHub code link.


Thank you for participating!
Your help will make BusMall the best and most sought after commute reading material and the number one catalog to purchase all of your gifts and gadgets! Please help us out by selecting the product below you are most likley to purchase or would like to learn more about.


In a role-based access control scheme, a role represents a set of access permissions and privileges. A user can be assigned one or more roles. A role-based access control scheme normally consists of two parts: role permission management and role assignment. A broken role-based access control scheme might allow a user to perform accesses that are not allowed by his/her assigned roles, or somehow allow privilege escalation to an unauthorized role.
Each user is a member of a role that is allowed to access only certain resources. Your goal is to explore the access control rules that govern this site. Only the [Admin] group should have access to the 'Account Manager' resource.


Amazon hit by Black Friday strikes and protests across Europe
Amazon was targeted by a UK-wide protest organised to coincide with Black Friday and Cyber Monday demanding an end to ‘appalling’ working conditions.
In another blow, hundreds of employees at distribution centres across Germany walked out amid a long-simmering battle for better pay.
Trade union GMB co-ordinated the British demonstrations to take place across two of the busiest shopping days of the year.
‘Workers are breaking bones, being knocked unconscious and being taken away in ambulances,’ GMB national officer Mick Rix said in a statement.
‘Amazon has spent a fortune on fluffy adverts saying what a great place it is to work. Why not spend the money making their warehouses less dangerous places to work?’
The union cited figures suggesting there had been more than 600 ambulance call-outs to Amazon warehouses over a three-year period and just as many serious incidents reported to the Health and Safety Executive for various injuries.
Advertisement Advertisement
They also claimed workers had to urinate in water bottles and said there had been at least one report of a lost pregnancy, Yahoo! reported.
Jeremy Corbyn visited protestors outside Amazon’s Sheffield centre to show his support earlier this week.
The Labour leader was joined by the party’s local candidate Jack Dromey, who later criticised the company on Twitter.
But an Amazon spokesperson blasted ‘self-interested critics’ with ‘a vested interest in spreading misinformation’ in a statement, adding that ‘the facts tell a different story’.
‘The truth is that Amazon already offers industry-leading pay, comprehensive benefits, as well as a safe, modern work environment,’ the said.
‘These groups are conjuring misinformation to work in their favour, when in fact we already offer the things they claim to be fighting for.’
Amazon workers in Germany marked Black Friday by going on strike for better pay.
Union ver.di announced that the walkouts would affect six distribution centres across the country, with some due to last until Tuesday.
Representative Orhan Akman said staff want to send a signal that their work can’t be bought with the kind of extreme discounts offered by the online retail giant around this time of the year.
Advertisement Advertisement
He also accused the company of putting ‘extreme pressure’ on staff that has caused some to fall ill.
Amazon responded that ‘packages are arriving punctually, because the bulk of employees is dealing completely normally with customers’ orders today’.
It added that it offers pay ‘at the upper end of comparable jobs’ and other benefits.
In Paris, climate activists blocked one of the company’s warehouses in protest at the over-production which they say is killing the planet.
Some French lawmakers wish to ban the shopping event altogether.
Got a story for Metro.co.uk?
Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For more stories like this, check our news page.


For certain products sold on ShopKaro.in, the customer will have an option of Guaranteed Morning, Same-Day, One/Two-Day Delivery. The Guaranteed Delivery options are available on Prime Eligible items in select cities. The terms and conditions for Guaranteed Delivery are available here . The details of Guaranteed Shipping Speeds and Delivery Charges are available here .


Testing Race Conditions in Java with Weaver
This tutorial walks through a series of concurrency problems to demonstrate Weaver, a framework for writing multi-threaded unit tests in Java.  By doing this, you can replicate potential race conditions, and verify that your code performs correctly.
Note that Weaver will not necessarily help you detect unknown race conditions. Like any testing framwework, it requires you to anticipate potential problems, and write tests to cover them. In addition,
it does not detect thread starvation issues, and it will not detect deadlocks (although your test will timeout if a deadlock occurs.) However, it does provide a repeatable and consistent way to
verify that certain aspects of your code are threadsafe.
The source code for this tutorial is available in the examples
subdirectory of the Weaver distribution,
along with an Ant build file that will compile and run the tests.
Note that the example source code contains various multi-threading bugs, and hence the tests are expected to fail when run. As part of the tutorial we will fix these errors.
A Simple Class
Suppose we have the following Java class:
public class UniqueList<E> extends ArrayList<E> {
/**
* Adds an element iff it is not already present in this list. Returns true
* if the element was added, and false if it was already found.
*/
public boolean putIfAbsent(E elem) {
boolean absent = ! super.contains(elem);
if (absent) {
super.add(elem);
}
return absent;
}
}
This class contains a potential race condition. If we start with an empty list, and two separate threads invoke putIfAbsent
with the same element, then depending on the exact ordering of the two threads it is possible that the same element could be added twice, thus violating the class' contract. (Note that in this case and the cases that follow, we are assuming that the example classes are intended to be called
from multiple threads. If the contract of UniqueList
stated that it was only intended to be called from a single thread, then the above code would be correct.)
We can detect this race condition by inspecting the code, but it is difficult to write a unit test that demonstrates the problem. If we create two separate threads in our test, and start them independently, it would be difficult to synchronize them so that the potential bug is revealed. We could create a soak test that tries to recreate the problem by running the same operations over and over again, hoping that at some point the threads will be scheduled in such a way as to trigger the bug, but this is neither reliable or repeatable.
Weaver provides a framework that allows us to control the exact ordering of threads, and thus create repeatable tests.
A first Weaver Test
The class UniqueListTest
in the examples
directory provides a test that demonstrates the problem with UniqueList
.
From the examples directory, you can run it with:
ant unique-list-test
This should generate a failure.
Let's take a look at the test code in more detail. The test is defined by a set of special annotations. The @ThreadedBefore
annotation defines a setup method that is invoked at the start of the test. The @ThreadedMain
and @ThreadedSecondary
methods are then invoked in two separate threads. When the main and secondary methods have both run, the @ThreadedAfter
method is invoked to verify the results of the test.
@ThreadedBefore
public void before() {
// Set up a new UniqueList instance for the test
uniqueList = new UniqueList<String>();
System.out.printf("Created new list\n");
}
@ThreadedMain
public void main() {
// Add a new element to the list in the main test thread
uniqueList.putIfAbsent(HELLO);
}
@ThreadedSecondary
public void secondary() {
// Add a new element to the list in the secondary test thread
uniqueList.putIfAbsent(HELLO);
}
@ThreadedAfter
public void after() {
// If UniqueList is behaving correctly, it should only contain
// a single copy of HELLO
assertEquals(1, uniqueList.size());
assertTrue(uniqueList.contains(HELLO));
}
Running the test as-is will result in a failure. In the output you should see something like this:
[junit] Testcase: testPutIfAbsent took 0.524 sec
[junit] Caused an ERROR
...
[junit] Caused by: junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected:<1> but was:<2>
[junit] at UniqueListTest.after(UniqueListTest.java:70)
As you cans see, we have managed to add two instances of the string HELLO to the list. To fix the problem, try editing UniqueList
as follows:
public class UniqueList<E> extends ArrayList<E> {
public synchronized boolean putIfAbsent(E elem) {
...
Run the test again, and it should pass.
Iterating through the Test Case
Take a look at the standard output for the test. It should look something like this:
In testPutIfAbsent
Created new list
Created new list
Created new list
Created new list
It looks as though we're running the test four times. What's going on?
In fact, Weaver is running four different variants of the same test. If we go back and look at the original method, there are four executable lines.
public boolean putIfAbsent(E elem) {
1: boolean absent = ! super.contains(elem);
2: if (absent) {
3: super.add(elem);
}
4: return absent;
}
Weaver runs the test four times. On the first pass, it runs the @ThreadedMain
method until it reaches line 1. Then it pauses the main thread, and runs the @ThreadedSecondary
method. On the second pass it runs the @ThreadedMain
method up until line 2, and then runs the @ThreadedSecondary
, and so on.
(Internally, Weaver achieves this by instrumenting the bytecode of the classes under test. By adding callbacks into the test framework, we can pause one thread and run another. This will be covered in more detail below.)
To verify Weaver's behaviour, remove the synchronized
keyword again, and re-run the test. It will fail, and if you look at the test output we should see:
In testPutIfAbsent
Created new list
Created new list
...
The first time the test is run, Weaver stops just before line 1, and then allows the second thread to run. This configuration is in fact safe: the variable absent
has not yet been evaluated. However, on the second run, we stop at line 2, and this triggers the bug.
For more debugging, try adding the following to the test:
public void testThreadedTests() {
runner.setDebug(true); // Add this line
runner.runTests(getClass(), Player.class);
}
A More Complex Class
For simple methods, allowing Weaver to break once at every line is sufficient, but for more complex methods there may be problems. Certain lines may be executed several times, due to loops, but Weaver will only stop on the first execution of that line. Long methods may be slow to test, and many of the test cases may be unnecessary.
More seriously, stopping at certain lines may not represent a valid state. For example, consider the class in Player.java
. This maintains a mapping between a Controller
that issues commands to play audio media assets, and the underlying AudioService
that controls the sound card. (This is a simplified version of a real class, and a real bug.) After the Player
has started playing an asset, it adds a mapping from the asset back to the controller.
public int playAsset(String assetName, Controller controller) {
validateAsset(assetName);
// Start playing the asset, and get the token that identifies the audio stream.
int token = service.cue(assetName, this);
// Add a mapping from token back to the controller that owns it.
controllerMap.put(token, controller);
return token;
}
When the audio finishes, the mapping is used to inform the controller. This happens when the AudioService
invokes the onAudioPlayed
method in a separate thread.
public void onAudioPlayed(int audioToken) {
Controller controller = controllerMap.get(audioToken);
controller.onFinished();
}
Once again, we have a potential race condition. If the media asset has a problem, or is of zero length, it is possible that it will terminate immediately, and invoke the onAudioPlayed
method before we have had a chance to add the token into the controllerMap
. If this happens, then we will get an error when we try to retrieve the controller from the map.
We would like to test this scenario. We could run the playAsset
method in one thread, and the onAudioPlayed
method in a separate thread. However, we need to ensure that we do not call onAudioPlayed
in the second thread until after we have called service.cue
in the main thread. (Because there is no way that an asset can finish playing before it has started.) In order to make this work, we need finer-grained control over where the main thread stops. We can do this using CodePositions.
CodePositions
A CodePosition
represents a point of execution within the class under test. Once we have defined a position, we can then cause Weaver to break execution at that position.
Currently, CodePositions are defined with respect to methods. A position can be specified at the start or end of a method, or at the point before or after a method calls another method.
In the Player
example, we want to stop at the point just after the call to service.cue
.
int token = service.cue(assetName, this);
<<== Stop here
controllerMap.put(token, controller);
return token;
}
The CodePosition that we want can be defined using a
MethodRecorder. A MethodRecorder contains a dummy instance of the object under test, which can be used in much the same way as an EasyMock mock object.
In EasyMock we can say:
service = createMock(AudioService.class);
expect(service.cue(ASSET, player)).andReturn(TOKEN);
and this will tell the mock object to expect a call to the cue
method, and return the given token.
Similarly, we can create a CodePosition
with the following syntax:
CodePosition cp = recorder.atStartOf(player.playAsset(null, ASSET);
This produces a position at the start of the method playAsset
. Note that player
is a dummy instance of the Player
class, just like an EasyMock mock.
A more complete example can be found in PlayerTest.java
, where we have the following:
// Create a MethodRecorder for the Player
MethodRecorder<Player> recorder = new MethodRecorder<Player>(Player.class);
// Get hold of a dummy Player instance so that we can record method calls.
Player player = recorder.getControl();
// Get hold of a dummy AudioService instance so that we can record method calls.
AudioService service = recorder.createTarget(AudioService.class);
// Specify a position in "playAsset" after calling "service.play"
CodePosition cp = recorder.
in(player.playAsset(null, ASSET)).
afterCalling(service.cue(ASSET, null)).
position();
The code position created here represents the point just after the call to cue, within the method playAsset. Once we have defined this position, we can then create a test thread that will break here.
Using CodePositions
To create the test, we define two runnable tasks. The main task will call Player.play()
, and will break at the given code position.
The second task will call Player.onAudioPlayed()
, and will run when the main thread is broken.
private class PlayerMain extends MainRunnableImpl<Player> {
...
@Override
public void run() {
player.playAsset(ASSET, controller);
}
}
private class PlayerSecond extends
SecondaryRunnableImpl<Player, PlayerMain> {
...
@Override
public void run() {
player.onAudioPlayed(TOKEN);
}
}
These two tasks are then declared to run in parallel, breaking at the position that we have defined:
CodePosition cp = getCodePosition();
RunResult result = InterleavedRunner.interleave(new PlayerMain(), new PlayerSecond(),
Lists.newArrayList(cp));
The
InterleavedRunner
is a part of the Weaver framework. It allows two runnable tasks to be interleaved in a variety of ways.
To run the test, type:
ant player-test
The test should fail. Fix it by adding the appropriate synchronization to Player.java
, and verify that the test now passes.
Please see the PlayerTest
class for full details of how the test works, including alternative methods for creating CodePositions.
Using Scripts for Greater Flexibility
Using the InterleavedRunner
allows us to start one task, pause it at a certain point (or points) and let another task run. For more complex scenarios, Weaver offers
Scripts. A Script is a series of operations that runs in a single thread. A Script can yield control to another Script at any point in its execution. When a Script yields, it will block until another Script yields control back to it again.
The sample below shows a simple script case. We create two scripts, main
and secondary
and add a task to each script. The main task yields control to the second script after invoking the AudioService.cue
method.
final Script<Player> main = new Script<Player>(player);
final Script<Player> second = new Script<Player>(main);
// Create control and target objects to allow us to specify a release point.
final Player control = main.object();
final AudioService target = main.createTarget(AudioService.class);
main.addTask(new ScriptedTask<Player>() {
@Override
public void execute() {
// Tell the main script to release to the second script after we've called
// AudioService.play() from within Plyer.playAsset()
main.in(control.playAsset(ASSET, controller))
.afterCalling(target.cue(ASSET, player))
.releaseTo(second);
player.playAsset(ASSET, controller);
}
});
second.addTask(new ScriptedTask<Player>() {
@Override
public void execute() {
player.onAudioPlayed(TOKEN);
}
});
new Scripter<Player>(main, second).execute();
The above example comes from class PlayerTestUsingScript
in the javatests
directory. This shows the PlayerTest
class rewritten to use scripts. A more complex example can be found in the UserCacheTest
class, which analyses the read/write locks used in the UserCache
class. Run it using:
ant user-cache-test
The test code demonstrates two separate scripts, but you can create as many simultaneous Scripts as are necessary for your test scenario, and a Script can yield control to any other script. When debugging complex scripting scenarios, it may be helpful to insert logging statements in the various script cases.
Instrumentation, and how to Avoid It
As previously mentioned, Weaver creates breakpoints by modifying the classes under test. During the test, Weaver reloads these classes using a custom classloader, which instruments the bytecode as it is loaded. At every execution point, and at the start and end of every method call, the modified classes make a logging call into the test framework. Threads can be blocked when these logging calls are made.
This is why the test cases create an instance of ThreadedTestRunner
in order to run the multi-threaded tests. The runner is responsible for loading the necessary test classes, performing the instrumentation, and then invoking the annotated test methods. Attempting to run the multithreaded test methods directly will typically generate an error, because breakpoints can only be created in classes that have been instrumented.
However, there are certain categories of test case where the added complexity of instrumentation is not necessary. Consider the class UserManager
in the examples
directory. This manages users that are stored in an underlying database, and displays a similar bug to the one that we first looked at:
Database db;
public boolean addUser(String username) {
boolean exists = db.userExists(username);
if (!exists) {
db.addUser(username);
}
return !exists;
}
If two threads invoke this method at the same time, with the same username, then the underlying db.addUser
method may be invoked twice with the same user.
To write a test for this, we need to block the first thread after the call to userExists
. Because Database
is an interface that we have defined, we can create our own fake implementation, and block the calling thread in there. Weaver provides a utility class that makes this straightforward. Firstly we need to create a fake Database instance.
private class FakeDatabase implements Database {
@Override
public void addUser(String username) {
if (userExists(username)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("User exists");
}
users.add(username);
}
}
...
Database fakeDb = new FakeDatabase();
Then create a BlockingProxy
. This is a dynamic proxy that forwards all calls to an underlying implementation, but will also act as a BreakPoint
, blocking the calling thread at a specified location.
// Create a proxy that blocks after the call to 'useExists;
BlockingProxy<Database> dbProxy =
BlockingProxy.create(Database.class, fakeDb, "userExists", false); Database db;
The BlockingProxy
can then be used to control the interleaving of two threads. A full example is provided. To run it:
ant user-manager-test
The test will fail. Fix the UserManager
implementation by making the method synchronized, and the test should pass.
Exercise
The source directory contains another file with a concurrency problem. See NameManager.java
. Write a test that demonstrates the problem.
Related Materials
JavaDoc -- Index
Document History
Alasdair Mackintosh - initial revision, May 2009
Copyright 2009 Weaver authors
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");


BRUTE CAGED
Twisted murderer who stabbed Falkirk gran 47 times says he should be ‘shot in the head’ for his crimes
by Wilma RileyA TWISTED killer who murdered a grandmother by stabbing her 47 times said he should be "shot in the head" for his evil crimes.
William Finlay, 57, from Camelon, Falkirk, was jailed for life for slaughtering 44-year-old neighbour Fiona McDonald, also known as Fiona Canning, over a pension row.
The brute was ordered to spend at least 17 years behind bars for the killing.
Finlay admitted to the brutal killing in Ms McDonald's flat last November.
The court heard that he had come back to Falkirk to look after his mother after being made redundant.
He became friends with Ms McDonald – but their relationship was described as being volatile.
Defence QC Thomas Ross said: “They had a very complicated relationship. At times they were friends and other times they had violent disagreements.
“Mr Finlay, who latterly worked as a cleaner in banks and financial institutions, drew a pension payment for £10,000 in March, 2018 and was in debt to the tune of £1,300 by that November.
“Fiona McDonald had accrued debts and men were turning up at his door looking for money. He believed she had built up debt with drugs using him as credit.”
Sentencing Finlay at Glasgow’s High Court, judge Lady Stacey said: “Nothing can take away the grief her family feel. Her mother, daughter and grandchildren have been deprived of her company.
“It is not up to me to decide when, if ever, you will be released, that is up to the parole board.”
Finlay told police, who questioned him, that he was pushed to his limits and could not apologise enough for killing someone, but said it was “revenge”.
He said he believed she had been “rinsing him” of his £10,000 pension payment.
Prosecutor Margaret Barron said: “He stated to witnesses that she had been 'rinsing him' and was constantly asking for money.”
The court heard that Finlay, who was covered in blood, turned up at a friend's house and confessed to the shocking murder.
When Finlay left the house his friend dialled 999.
Finlay also told neighbours: “I've just murdered Fiona.”
When they rushed to her flat they saw her seated on a couch “just staring into the sky,” with blood all over her body.
A small kitchen knife was found near to her body.
Finlay, when arrested, told police officers: “Junkies bothering me, that's why I got my revenge.
“I took it out on a poor woman who robbed me for thousands of pounds.
“I deserve to be shot in the head for what I've done tonight.
"I apologise for doing it, but you can't apologise for killing someone – this is what happens when you get pushed to the limits.”
Defence QC Mr Ross said: “It is unusual for someone with no history of violence to behave in such a brutal fashion.”
He described the attack on Ms McDonald as “brutal and sustained”.
Finlay showed no emotion as he was led away to begin his sentence.


Gateway
BOT
17-Sep-18 05:09 AM
[telegram] <Michael> Looks like all my other alts and btc graphs, same trend
[telegram] <AsadKhan1953> Hmmm but this is now 30% down from last week. I want to get in but scared. Any bad news??
[telegram] <Kakashi> Nope just following the market like every other crypto (re @AsadKhan1953: Hmmm but this is now 30% down from last week. I want to get in but scared. Any bad news??)
[telegram] <Michael> No bad news, ama Monday, tech tues, five bullet Friday, more exposure on YouTube, rebrand coming and 1 mil test coming as well
[telegram] <AsadKhan1953> R u serious or joking??? (re @Michael: No bad news, ama Monday, tech tues, five bullet Friday, more exposure on YouTube, rebrand coming and 1 mil test coming as well)
[telegram] <Michael> They dropped a lot of links recently, quick scroll up will show
[telegram] <Michael> 3 part you tube series etc
[telegram] <AsadKhan1953> Ok ok ok get my monies make me filthy rich I am buying.  U probably have class in the morning (re @AsadKhan1953: Ok ok ok get my monies make me filthy rich I am buying. Take it all)
[telegram] <AsadKhan1953> What class.  U probably have class in the morning)
[telegram] <Michael> Don’t you make the best crypto decisions with slept deprivation tho?
[telegram] <Kakashi> Yikes (re @AsadKhan1953: What class.   Take it all)
[telegram] <AsadKhan1953> Komodo make me rich ok
[telegram] <selvasara> Slow and steady
[telegram] <AsadKhan1953> I want to enter in 2019 being millionaire


Purely Products is an industry leader in making pure or eco-responsible, tech savvy products that make clean and healthy living easier for families and businesses alike. Purely Products are green focused products that reduce carbon footprint of the user. Get 10% discount on Purely Products and take a responsible step towards making the world a cleaner, better and greener place.
Purely Products include compact fluorescent (CFL) light bulbs that use 1/5 the energy of traditional light bulbs while helping control pet dander and odor, smoke, dust mites and more. Purely Products convenient Pocket Purifier puts a wall of defense in your hands with its hand-held germicidal light. Lightweight and convenient, Pocket Purifier sanitizes surfaces and objects with the same UV-C light that sterilizes surgical instruments. Ultraviolet light and nanotechnology eliminate 99.9% of germs that cause colds and flu, plus e-coli, salmonella, mold and fungus...Buy it today with Purely Proudcts money saving coupon.
Purely Products are for you if you want to live a pure and chemical-free life Purely Products are responsible products for responsible living. Purely also believes in giving back to the community. A percentage of every Purely Products purchase supports the non-profit diaperLove, providing diapers to children in need. Be responsible, go green, and buy Purely Products for pure and simple germ-free, chemical free living. Also use discount coupons to save money on Purely Products.


Quick Tips
- Cheating ruins the fun :)
- You can click on the mine to get extra gold and diamonds.
- Before gambling, make sure you have a cashflow.
- Gold is more important in the beggining than diamonds.
- Aim for a high magic find late game.
- You can quickly sell an item by holding CTRL while clicking on it.
Item qualities
Magic item - drops by 80% chance, has 2 random attibutes
Rare item - drops by 15% chance, has 2 random improved attibutes
Legendary item - drops by 2% chance, has 3+ random attibutes
Scroll - drops by 3% chance can craft into a high-class item
Crafting
You can craft a scroll into a corresponding item with a diamond cost. The crafted item will appear in your stash.
Be aware, that scrolls found in high level are more expensive to craft.


Zuko - The Power of Redemption
"I used to think this scar marked me – the mark of the banished prince, cursed to chase the Avatar forever. But lately, I've realized I'm free to determine my own destiny, even if I'll never be free of my mark." — Zuko
- Act 1 Zuko born as price of the Fire Nation royal family. Banished from home is looking for the Avatar, to redeem his honor, allowing him to return home.
- Act 2 After failing to capture the Avatar, Zuko sinks even farther into despair. He struggles with recognizing the purpose of his life as he realizes he will probably not be able to return home.
- Act 3 Zuko wrestles with recognizing his own ideals/honor, he realizes that he must reject his father, Fire Lord Ozai (and therefore his father’s ideals). Zuko confronts his father, and chooses what he now knows to be honorable—to join the Avatar’s quest to restore balance to the world and defeat Fire Lord Ozai.
If you want to know more about this incredible character you can go to Wiki FANDOM


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
|
It’s almost the end of my batch at Hacker School, but it’s okay because I’m never [ever] graduating. ❤
This past week José Valim has been in residence at Hacker School! José is the creator of the Elixir programming language, which is built on top of the Erlang Virtual Machine. (Joe Armstrong has said that Elixir “is good shit.” Seriously!). José is also a core contributor to Rails. So. Rad.
On Monday night, José gave us a quick introduction to Elixir and explained that Elixir is a functional, concurrent, but most importantly, a distributed language. He gave us a bit of background on Erlang and its origins as a language used for telecommunication. Erlang provides support for fault tolerent, non-stop, real-time applications. Also, hot swapping is pretty cool (which José did a demo of in Elixir). For these reasons (and many more), Erlang is the language used in messaging systems like Facebook messenger and WhatsApp.
I’ve been spending the past few days working through Etudes for Elixir in order to get a quick introduction to the language, and get myself up and running.
Some quick first impressions/takeaways:
Elixir is compatible with Erlang code, but it has a nice Ruby-like syntax. It’s kinda like the love child of Ruby and Erlang. Elixir has all the goodies like pattern matching, list comprehensions, anonymous functions that I heart from Haskell. There aren’t quite type signatures; instead, there are these things called specs. Specs are mostly used for documenting code, but on some occasion, people use tools like Dialyzer to find type errors (I will probably check this out at some point).
One thing I find super cool about iex
, the Elixir repl, is the h
command to read documentation.
Also, Elixir has SUPERB documentation. I’ve been very pleased with how well explainations are written out, and that there are examples! Examples!
I’m making my way through most of the topics in Elixir’s getting started section through études (currently getting acquainted processes), and I’m excited to learn about Mix and OTP next. In general, I’m excited to get deeper into Elixir since I don’t know much about concurrent and distributed programming.
Today, José did a seminar on how Iterators are implemented in Elixir, going over eager map, eager filter, the idea of inlining and so on before introducing us to the idea of lazy map, etc. It was a very informative session and I will write about that more in a different blog post.
And just throwing this out there: HOW COOL IS IT TO BE ABLE TO ASK QUESTIONS IN PERSON TO THE CREATOR OF THE LANGUAGE YOU’RE LEARNING? Thanks a ton to Hacker School for this amazing opportunity.
So far, learning Elixir has been quite nice, and the transition from Haskell to Elixir has been pretty smooth.
Looking forward to all of the things I learn before the end of my batch.


I am a PhD student at FIT CTU in Prague, advised by Jan Janousek. Formerly, I worked in Silicon Valley for 0xdata co-founded by Cliff Click on distributed scalable big data analytics and SN Systems in Bristol, UK on SONY Playstation 3 and PS Vita compilers & toolchains.
I am interested in design, analysis and optimalization of programming languages (mostly dynamic), big code & synthesis and embedded systems. Currently I am working on large scale analysis of code on Github (mostly JavaScript).
I hold masters degree from FEE CTU in Prague, I have been a graduate student at Purdue, IN, and I have spent a year at the University of Bristol, UK.
Lopes, C., Maj, P., Martins, P., Saini, V., Yang, D., Zitny, J., Sajnani, H., Vitek, J.; OOPSLA 2017
Appeared in:
The Morning Paper,
Slashdot,
TheRegister.co.uk,
and others.
Kalibera T., Maj, P., Morandat, F., Vitek, J.; VEE 2014
Maj P., Kalibera T., Vitek J.; UseR! 2013, Best technical presentation award.
Kalibera, T., Hagelberg, J., Maj, P., Pizlo, F., Titzer, B. and Vitek, J.; Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 23: n/a. Doi: 10.1002/cpe.1677, 2011
Pizlo F., Ziarek L., Maj P., Hosking A., Vitek J., Blanton E.; PLDI 2010
Pizlo F., Ziarek L., Blanton E., Maj P., Vitek J.; EuroSYS 2010
FIT CTU Prague. Advised by Jan Janousek. Expected thesis title: Speculative Optimizations of Dynamic Languages
Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. Advised by Jan Vitek. Cancelled for personal resons. GPA after first year 3.93. Qual exams from Programming Languages, Operating Systems, Algorithm Design, Analysis and Implementation.
FEE CTU Prague. Thesis title: Source Code Plagiarism Detection Dean's award for outstanding Master thesis
University of Bristol, UK. 1st class degree from major subjects taken. Advised by Henk Muller
Author of FlaiR – a static and dynamic analysis framework for the R language. One of the developers of the FastR VM and runtime for the R language. Responsible for the static and dynamic analysis of the R code and related optimizations. Author of TestR framework for R language test driven specification, testing and benchmarking R Vms. Design and implementation of continuous program analysis framework, optimizations and invalidation. Mentoring junior researchers.
Working on the design & implementation of almost all parts of the distributed non SQL big data store and analytics framework including core messaging, user-level API, distributed execution, initial implementation of R-like distributed queries on the cloud system.
Responsible for correcting bugs & developing new features for the SN compiler that is used by most developers for Sony Playstation 3, PSP and PS Vita. Apart from the compiler, also responsible for implementing PS Vita assembler from scratch (main developer).
Full CV is also available.
λ calculus, Lisp and Prolog. BI-PAA (in Czech)
I am also teaching the english version.
Source code available at github.
Theoretical and practical aspects of an optimizing compiler backend implementation (using LLVM). MI-GEN (in Czech)
Introduction to the LLVM compiler and its use as an optimizing JIT for dynamic languages (MI-LCF).
Please arrange consultations for current courses by email.
I have always enjoyed teaching and in the past, I taught Java, C++, Virtual Macgines and Embedded systems at university, or high school level. In 2015 I was awarded Google CodeWeek funding for embedded programming for high school kids at Arcibiskupske Gymnazium in Prague.
Petr Maj
Department of Theoretical Computer Science
Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University
Thakurova 9, 16000 Praha 6
Czech Republic


HackCCNY
Registration!
First Name
*
Last Name
*
Email address
*
Gender
*
Gender
Male
Female
Other
I prefer not to answer
Are you 18 or over?
*
Yes
No
What city do you currently live in?
*
What state do you currently live in?
*
Where do you go to school?
*
What are you studying?
*
Are you an undergraduate or a graduate student?
*
Undergraduate Student
Graduate Student
Graduation Year
*
Graduation Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Not Applicable
Resume (Google Docs or Dropbox pdf link please)
*
Your Github Repo:
Your LinkedIn Page:
Dietary Restrictions
*
How did you hear about HackCCNY?
*
Social Media
Class
Posters
Tabling
Word of Mouth
Other
How many hackathons have you been to in the past?
*
This will be my first hackathon
1-2
3-5
6-7
8+
Which programming languages do you have experience with?

*
Small
Medium
Large
Extra-Large
What would you want to learn/get out of HackCCNY?
Are you coming with a team?
*
Yes
No
How many people will be on the team?
*
What do you want your team name to be?
What are the names of your teammates?
*
While participating in any event at CCNY/CUNY it is expected that you will adhere to the student code of conduct,
which can be found here.
*
Agree
Register!
Thank you for registering! We will contact you with more details about the hackathon as we get closer to the date!


GITANALYTICS
Analysis
Add repository
About us
Search in GITANALYTICS
Repository
Owner
Show me
PR (merged, not merged) in time
Updated yesterday at 11:59 PM
Number of merged PR by user
User with best merged/PR ratio
User with top number of merged
User with top number of PR
Percentage merged PR VS not merged


JavaScript is disabled on your browser.
Skip navigation links
Overview
Package
Class
Tree
Deprecated
Index
Help
SEARCH:
All Classes
All Classes
Class Summary
Enum Summary
Class
Description
Availability
Beatmap
BeatmapCompact
Beatmapset
BeatmapsetCompact
ChannelType
ChatChannel
ChatMessage
Comment
CommentableMeta
CommentBundle
CommentSort
Country
Cover
Covers
CredentialsGrant
Cursor
Descriptor
Failtimes
GameMode
Genre
Giver
GradeCounts
Group
Hype
JOA
JOAConfiguration
Kudosu
KudosuAction
KudosuHistory
Language
Level
Mod
MonthlyCounts
MultiplayerScore
MultiplayerScores
MultiplayerScoresAround
MultiplayerScoresCursor
MultiplayerScoresSort
Nominations
Notification
Page
Post
ProfileBanner
Rank
RankHistory
Rankings
RankingType
RankStatus
Score
ScoreRank
ScoreStatistics
Spotlight
Spotlights
User
UserAccountHistory
UserAchievement
UserBadge
UserCompact
UserMonthlyPlaycount
UserMonthlyReplaysWatchedCounts
UserStatistics
WikiPage


please download zcn.wasm from https://github.com/0chain/gosdk/releases/latest first
logging
Show
Hide
Wallet
ClientID
PrivateKey
PublicKey
Mnemonic
Change Wallet
Send Me Tokens
Get Balance
Get USD Rate
Sharing
AuthTicket
DecodeAuthTicket
Allocations
List
Create
Get
CreateFreeallocation
AllocationMinLock
UpdateAllocationMinLock
RemoteFileMap
AddReplaceBlobber
Blobbers
List
Get
Update
Files
List
Upload
EncryptedUpload
[
Download
|
Download with AuthTicket
|
MultiDownload
]
View
GetFileStats
Delete
Share
getcontainers
updatecontainer
searchcontainer
Repair
MultiOperation
createDir
Output
Media WebPlayer
[
Play
|
Play with auth ticket
]
Pause
Stop
Image Viewer


--- title: "“Everything” Bagel Seasoning Blend" layout: post date: '2015-12-12 22:48:59 -0500' type: post parent_id: 0 published: true image: assets/images/post-img/Everything-Bagel-Seasoning-Blend-blog.jpg status: publish categories: - Recipes tags: - seasoning - We liked this - We tried this meta: _thumbnail_id: 282 _edit_last: 1 _wpas_done_all: 1 _posts_by_tag_page_fields: a:2:{s:12:"widget_title";s:0:"";s:11:"widget_tags";s:0:"";} _wpghs_github_path: _posts/2015-12-12-everything-bagel-seasoning-blend.md _sha: f3e5fab1aac81f833f6d6f31209cb29b2bddef3d author: login: mkelley email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Mike first_name: Mike last_name: Kelley ---
This classic “everything” seasoning mix of dried garlic and onion, poppy and sesame seeds, and salt works with, well, just about everything!


Example Outputs¶
Damage State¶
This section summarizes the resulting expected damage states of the building
assets from the Hayward Earthquake. The expected damage state is computed as
the weighted average over the 20,000 PELICUN realizations each of which has a predicted
damage state metric, i.e., 0 (None), 1 (Slight), 2 (Moderate) , 3 (Extensive),
and 4 (Complete). fig-s-ds
shows expected structural damages which have a
wide spectrum from nearly none damaged (in the South Bay regions) to Moderate/Extensive
damage (in the East Bay region). Recalling the example 2-story wood frame residential
building in lbl-testbed_SF_response_simulation, it has an expected damge state of
about 1.6 with a breakdown statics: 2.3% in None (DS0), 40.6% in Slight (DS1), 54.4% in
Moderate (DS3), and 2.7% in Extensive (DS4). And the building is very unlikely to collapse.
Referring to Damage and Loss Estimation, this building is likely to experience plaster or gypsum-board
cracks at corners of door and window openings; small diagonal cracks across shear wall
panels; or/and cracks in brick chimneys or toppling of tall masonry chimneys.
fig-ns-ds
shows expected non-structural damages which tend to be
server if compared to the structural damage. For the building assets in the
South Bay regions, Slight to Moderate non-structural damages are likely. Buildings
located near the Hayward fault are likely to experience Moderate to Extensive
non-structural damages. The example wood frame building is expected to have a
Moderate damage state (DS = 2.0 with a probability of 64%). Detailed breakdown
statistics are plotted in fig-ds
. THe building is likely to experience
the following potential damages: (1) cracks requiring repair and
repainting; some partitions may require replacement of gypsum board or other finishes,
(2) falling of tiles, (3) connections of exterior wall panels to structural frame
are damaged requiring further inspection and repairs, and (4) piping leaks occur at a few locations,
elevator machinery and rails may require realignment.
Expected Loss Ratio¶
An example of the resulting losses calculated for the Mw 7.0
Hayward scenario are shown in fig-loss_ratio_comp
. The color shading
represents the loss ratios for each building, calculated as the
mean repair costs normalized by the building replacement
value. Also shown in the figure is a comparison to the loss
ratios reported in the USGS Mw 7.0 Haywired Earthquake
Scenario ([Hudnut18]). Exposure and losses in
the Haywired scenario were calculated using the HAZUS
software. While it is instructive to compare results between
the two studies, there are differences in the input data, scope
and goals of the studies which are important to keep in
mind. As the main purpose of the SimCenter testbed was
to assemble and exercise the computational workflow, the
models and results in the SimCenter study are preliminary,
based on readily available information and implemented by
a small team over a couple months. This contrasts with
the multi-year multi-investigator Haywired study, whose goal
is to inform earthquake planning and preparedness for the
San Francisco Bay Area.
Both studies were based on Mw 7.0 Hayward fault ruptures simulated using the SW4 software by the LLNL research group, however, the ground motion time histories are different for the two studies. Epicenters for the two earthquake scenarios are close (East Oakland and San Leandro for Haywired and SimCenter, respectively), but other rupture characteristics are different and the SimCenter ground motions were simulated with more recent versions of the SW4 engine and the USGS geophysical model of the Bay Area. In general, the ground motions used in the SimCenter study are less severe than those used in the earlier Haywired study, and they are in better agreement with expectations based on past earthquake data.
The Haywired study extends over an area including the counties of Monterey, Sacramento, and Sonoma, whereas the SimCenter testbed is limited to the central six counties from Santa Clara to Marin. Due to the larger coverage, the Haywired study had a larger total building population (3.04 M), but the number of buildings in the six central counties in the Haywired study (1.71 M) is comparable to the number in the SimCenter database (1.84M). There are, however, large differences in the total square footage (in the central six counties) and inventory value (replacement values) between the building exposure databases, which make comparisons of total losses between the two studies questionable.
To reduce the influence of the differences in the building
exposure values in the two studies, the comparison is limited to
damage and loss ratios in the six central counties. The average loss
ratio over the entire building population is less in the SimCenter
testbed (~ 3% of replacement value) as compared to theHaywired
study (~ 5% of replacement value). Nevertheless, as shown in
fig-loss_ratio_comp
, the geographical distribution of losses shows good
agreement between the two. The SimCenter study predicts a
larger ratio of non-structural to structural damage (7.5:1 vs. 4.5:1
in the Haywired study) and considerably smaller fractions of the
building stock being collapsed (less than 0.01 vs. 0.8%) and redtagged
(0.1 vs. 10%). Accordingly, the proportion of buildings
that sustain minor or no damage is higher in the SimCenter
study compared to Haywired (58 vs. 49%). These results are
consistent with the less intense ground motions in the SimCenter
scenario, and they highlight the sensitivity of results of such
complex studies to inventory data, models for response, damage,
and losses, and the input ground motions.
An important distinction between the HAZUS-based
Haywired study and the SimCenter workflow simulation is
the level of resolution in the assessment and the propagation
of various sources of uncertainty throughout the simulation.
Whereas the HAZUS-based study aggregates building damage
and losses based on census track (zip code) data, the SimCenter
workflow has resolution down to the building parcel level, and
it can disaggregate losses within a building down to individual
components on each floor. This feature, coupled with a detailed
description of the probability distributions of damage and losses
for each building, can allow urban planners and policy makers
to query various possible outcomes–including the rare, but
catastrophic ones–of the earthquake scenario. High-resolution
results (see upper panels in fig-loss_ratio_comp
) provide valuable data for
exercises in emergency response, and simulations of post-disaster
recovery. In addition, the SimCenter workflow and underlying
tools facilitate the combination of models with varying levels
of fidelity, where for example, performance for some buildings
can be determined using simplified HAZUS type loss functions,
while performance for other buildings can be determined using
the detailed non-linear structural analysis models and FEMA
P-58 component-based damage and loss functions. As such, the
high-resolution and multi-fidelity workflow simulations offer
increased opportunities to explore questions related to land use
planning and zoning, seismic design and retrofit requirements,
public policy and administrative initiatives, and other actions to
enhance community resilience.
- Hudnut18
Hudnut, K. W., Wein, A. M., Cox, D. A., Porter, K. A., Johnson, L. A., Perry, S. C., et al. (2018). The HayWired earthquake scenario – We can outsmart disaster, USGS, Fact Sheet 2018-3016. Virginia, VA: USGS. doi: 10.3133/fs20183016