The Google Earth Enterprise Portable Server solution enables organizations to access portions of their custom globes in the field when no network access may be available or possible. Using a web interface, end-users may select an area of interest to download from a Google Earth Enterprise Server for offline use on their Mac or Windows laptop with the Portable Server application.
All data available within a specified area of interest is downloaded and stored in a portable globe, including all high-resolution imagery, terrain, vector data, KML files, and searchable Point of Interest (POI) locations. Outside of the specified area of interest, only low resolution imagery and terrain will be stored in a portable globe. These levels of resolution can be specified when the globe is cut.
Portable globes may be specified, generated, and downloaded in as quickly as a few minutes -- depending on the area of coverage -- to support rapid preparation for first responders, or larger globes may be built in advanced preparation for responders to have ready “on the shelf.”
The Portable Server solution is made up of two applications:
Note: The Portable Server solution can also create portable globes from a 2D map
source. This document uses the term portable globe only, but instructions apply
to both globes and maps.
This section describes installation of the two applications that make up the Portable Server solution:
The portable globe cutter tool is installed with Google Earth Enterprise Server 4.2 (and later). Globe cutting is disabled by default; to enable it you must set the --enable_cutter
flag for geserveradmin
from the command line:
# geserveradmin --enable_cutter
By default, the cut globes will be stored in the /opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/globes
directory.
The cut globes can be large, and many servers do not have sufficient storage allocated
in this directory for multiple globes. If this is the case for your server, please
contact tech support or visit the Earth Enterprise user forum for instructions
on designating a different directory as the storage area for the cut globes.
The portable server is supported on:
To download the portable server installer, please contact Google Enterprise Support. Once you've obtained the installer:
The program files are installed into:
C:\Program Files\Google\Google Earth Portable Server\Portable\
The data files are installed into:
C:\Program Files\Google\Google Earth Portable Server\Portable\Data\
The default path may vary between Windows versions; different paths for the program and data can be specified at the time of installation.
For Windows 7, user can choose Per-User or Per-Machine Installations by selecting "Anyone who uses this computer (all users)" or "Only for me (username)" button. Per-machine installation requires admin rights. Only Per-machine installation is available for Windows XP
To download the portable server installer, please contact Google Enterprise Support. Once you've obtained the installer:
Google_Earth_Portable.dmg
file to the OS X machine(s) on which you'd like to install the portable server..dmg
file, then open the image in Finder by double-clicking the mounted drive on your desktop.Cutting a globe is accomplished with a simple web interface. You'll use your mouse, or import KML, to define a polygon, which defines your 'area of interest.' This polygon not only defines the area that will display high-resolution imagery, but is also used by Fusion to create a localized search database.
Note: The globe cutting processes are CPU and disk intensive, as they are retrieving all data within the specified polygon from the Earth Enterprise Server. This can affect the overall performance of the Server, including slowing end-user access. To mitigate performance impact to end users, you may consider:
Please contact the Google Earth Enterprise Support team for further information or questions about these procedures. |
Before cutting a globe, you must enable the cutter from the command line:
# geserveradmin --enable_cutter
For more information about geserveradmin
, please refer to the Command Line Reference chapter of the Reference Guide.
Note about authentication and SSL: Cutting is not currently supported on globes that require end-user authentication e.g. LDAP. One workaround is to allow unauthenticated access from localhost on your Earth Enterprise Server. (Contact Google Enterprise Support if you need sample Apache directives to enable such a configuration.) Cutting of a globe over HTTPS is supported; however the SSL certificate of the target server will not be verified during cutting.
The Google Earth Plugin is used to display the globe from which maps are cut. To install the plugin, visit http://developers.google.com/apis/earth and follow the prompts inside the Google Earth Plugin frame. If you require installers for offline installation, contact Google Enterprise Support.
To create a portable globe, point your browser to http://yourserver/cutter
,
where yourserver
is the server on which Earth Enterprise Server is
running. The Globe Creator page appears.
Select the globe you'd like to cut your portable version from in the drop-down menu.
Note: An alternate cutter UI is available at http://yourserver/cutter/globe_cutter_advanced.html
. This interface offers additional globe-cutting options, namely Polygon Resolution. This setting is useful when cutting with large polygons; e.g. use 12 for a country-sized polygon and 18 for a city-sized polygon. Additional advanced settings may be offered in future versions. Use caution when changing them as they may dramatically increase build times and globe sizes.
The globe name defines the filename of this globe; it will be created as a .glb
file,
which is a single-file format for sharing Google Earth Enterprise globes. Spaces,
slashes, and double dots (..) will be converted to underscores in the saved globe
name.
We recommend using a descriptive name for each globe, so that others will know what geographic area, or what mission, the globe was created for.
Note: Building a globe will overwrite any existing globes with the same name. If multiple users are cutting globes, we recommend assigning unique prefixes to each user for their globe names to ensure that files are not accidentally overwritten.
Once the globe name has been specified, you can define the geographic region to be cut, by drawing a polygon on the globe. There are two ways to draw the polygon.
First, using the navigation controls in the plugin, zoom in to the region of interest.
To use your mouse to define the polygon, click the polygon icon in the globe window:
Then, click on the globe to define each point. You can use the navigation controls on the right to move the globe or change zoom levels while drawing.
Double-click the final point to complete the polygon selection, at which point the polygon should change from blue to purple.
You can view the KML of the shape you've drawn by selecting the Enter polygon as KML checkbox.
You can also use KML to define the polygon(s). The KML should be complete, and may contain single or multiple
elements. To insert your KML:
The polygon you specify in the previous step defines your 'area of interest.' This area will contain high-resolution imagery and data, and search tabs will be created for information that lies within this zone. The maximum and minimum resolutions are specified as integers between 1 and 24. These correspond to the zoom levels that are used in the Fusion server.
The zoom level for the polygon area is specified in the Maximum resolution to extract field.
A minimum
zoom level of 5-7 will present a decent-looking world to the user and will most
likely include vector layers such as international boundaries and state boundaries
and main cities without affecting the size of the .glb
file very much.
For example:
These numbers are small in comparison to the overall size of your globe when a suitable maximum resolution has been selected. For example, a globe that contains all of the city of Atlanta, GA, USA in 1-foot resolution requires approximately 5GB of storage. Even level 7 imagery, at 120MB, is a small percentage of the overall globe size.
The area outside of the defined polygon will be included in the globe at a lower resolution, which is defined within the Minimum resolution to extract field. Areas near the polygon may be included at a higher resolution.
The maximum resolution of the cut globe will be no higher than the maximum resolution of the source globe. For example, if the maximum resolution in the cutter is specified at 24, but the source imagery is at 18 (approximately 1-meter resolution), the cut globe will contain level 18 imagery. You can leave this field blank to use the highest available imagery.
You may enter a lower number to reduce the size of your globe, by not including the highest resolution imagery.
Click Build to start the build process. Depending on the size of your polygon, this can take from a few minutes to a few hours; likewise, file size will vary widely depending on the area selected and the desired resolution.
When the build is finished, a .glb
file is created and a download
link appears to the file's location on the Earth Server. Save the file into the
Portable\Data
directory with the other .glb
files.
Alternately, the globe file can be copied onto portable media like a DVD, thumb
drive, or external hard drive to be delivered to users.
The .glb
file
contains all that you need to share your portable globe - imagery, terrain, and
vector assets, plus the search database. For this reason, it's important to retain
control of your globe if it contains sensitive or proprietary information.
When a globe is cut, the search tabs associated with the globe are also bundled with the globe. However, because search plugins in Google Earth Enterprise run within the Tomcat / Apache instance on the Earth server, most search tabs will not work in a portable globe.
The Portable Server uses its own search framework that allows Python code stored on the portable machine to execute in place of the GEE plugin.
For more information, please refer to Using Search Tabs with the Portable Server.
When a portable globe is cut from a source containing KML links in the Layer panel:
These behaviors can be modified if the globe is built from the command line rather than from the GUI as described in the Command line reference section of this document.
Historic Imagery is not supported in the portable globe as of Fusion 4.2. It is being investigated as a possible feature.
There are, however, two situations in which historic imagery will be displayed:
If the portable globe's computer has a connection to the original Earth server from which the globe was cut,
Otherwise, the following error message will appear:
Google Earth can't contact the imagery server to download new images.
You'll be able to see areas that you've been to recently, but new image areas may appear blurry.
The portable server is a lightweight web server that runs on OS X or Windows computers. The web server starts within seconds and begins serving one of the globes that has been saved to the Data directory. Once the globe is served, a web browser is automatically launched.
Copy the globe to be served into the Data
subdirectory (or whichever directory is specified as the globes_directory
in portable.cfg
).
Mac OS X: From the Applications folder, open the Google Earth Portable folder and double-click Google Earth Portable.
All of the globes present in the globe directory are listed and available for serving.
To stop serving a globe, return to the administration page at http://localhost:9335
. The currently-served globe is listed in the first section; click stop serving to stop serving that globe.
To share a globe with others on your network:
share.glr
file is created and saved to your browser's default download directory. This file can be sent to any user who requires a connection to your globe; the remote client must also be installed on their machine.To change the globe being served:
If you're accessing the globe with the Google Earth Enterprise Client, log out of the client and logback in to http://localhost:9335
.
It's possible to connect to a portable globe from a variety of platforms.
Launch the Google Earth EC client. When prompted for a server address, enter http://localhost:9335
. If you've changed the default port in portable.cfg, use the new port value instead.
The Google Earth Enterprise Portable Server comes with a preconfigured HTML page that displays your globe using the Earth API. This page is at http://localhost:9335/earth/earth_local.html
.
If you'd like to make your own custom Earth API application, make a copy of the included file from which to start.
You can also reach the page listed above by clicking view in browser from the administration page at http://localhost:9335
.
The Portable server uses connection files to simplify connections to broadcasted globes. The individual with access to the globe file serves that globe on their local machine, then creates the connection file containing the machine address and connection parameters.
To connect to a broadcasted globe, you can:
If you've been sent a .glr
file, simply double-click the file to launch your portable server and connect to the broadcasted globe. You must have the portable server already installed.
If you don't have the .glr
connection file for a globe, but know the machine address and broadcast key, you can create your own connection file:
Name: The filename for this server connection file. A .glr extension
will be appended to this name when the file is created.
Server: The IP address or machine name on which the portable server is running.
Port: The default port is 9335
. If you're serving on another port, enter that number here.
Key: The access key for this server.
The Tools directory (.apps
on OS X) in the portable
server folder hierarchy contains the main configuration file, portable.cfg
.
This file defines a number of options, but is primarily used to change the port
on which the globe is served, if required.
When changing the port from the default, you should re-cut your globe for the new port number as well. To do so, you must override the default port parameter in the cutter:
/opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/js/globe_cutter.js
// Example: // var FORCE_ARGUMENTS = '&FORCE_PORTABLE_PORT=8778'; var FORCE_ARGUMENTS = '';
// Example: var FORCE_ARGUMENTS = '&FORCE_PORTABLE_PORT=3209'; // var FORCE_ARGUMENTS = '';
The Google Earth Enterprise Apache (glc) module supports a mechanism to serve .glb files from a Google Earth Enterprise Server 4.2.0 (or later). This functionality provides an on-premise alternative to serving a .glb and .glc file from the Portable Server.
sudo /opt/google/bin/geserveradmin --enable_cutter
/opt/google/gehttpd/conf.d/gemodules.conf
contains:
LoadModule glc_module /opt/google/gehttpd/modules/mod_glc.so
/opt/google/gehttpd/conf.d/virtual_servers/default_glc.location
exists and contains:
<Location /portable/ > SetHandler glc-handler Include conf.d/virtual_servers/runtime/default_glc_runtime </Location>
/opt/google/gehttpd/conf.d/virtual_servers/runtime/default_glc_runtime
contains:
Glc "/opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/globes"
To load the glb in Google Earth Enterprise Client (EC), connect to the server using the following URL syntax:
http://<your_server>/portable/<your_globe.glb>
To load the glb or glm in the default application using the Google Earth API Browser Plugin:
http://<your_server>/earth/glb.html?map=/portable/<your_globe>.glb http://<your_server>/maps/glm.html?map=/portable/<your_map>.glm
To load the glb in a custom Javascript application using the Google Earth API Browser Plugin, reference the same path when creating the plugin instance, e.g.
google.earth.createInstance('earth', initCB, failureCB, {database:'http://<your_server>/portable/<your_globe.glb>'});
To view more information about a particular .glb, including what other globes have been served since the last time the server was restarted, enter the following URL:
http://<your_server>/portable/<your_globe.glb>/statuszThe output should look similar to:
Glc Apache Module Status Globe my_globe.glb Size: 13.35 MB (13353414 bytes) Unpacker Map Globes (3) /usr/local/google/globes/Atlanta.glb /usr/local/google/globes/SF.glb /usr/local/google/globes/my_globe.glb
If the list of globes is too long or stale (i.e. many of the globes are no longer being accessed), restart the server to refresh the information or improve performance.
The following command line tools are available for the portable globe and server.
Knowledge of these command line tools is not needed for most users and system administrators. The simple cutter interface that is provided should meet the needs of nearly all users. However, if finer control is needed or if the complete creation of globes needs to be automated, these command line tools are available. The following is the series of events for creating a globe to help give a sense of what these command line tools accomplish and in what order they are run:
Building LevelFive ... No description given. Added globe directory: /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive Ok Saved polygon to /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/earth/polygon.kml Convert polygon to quadtree nodes ... Executing: /opt/google/bin/gepolygontoqtnodes --qt_nodes_file=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/qt_nodes.txt --kml_polygon_file=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/earth/polygon.kml --max_level=18 0 qtnodes Ok Rewrite dbroot ... Executing: /opt/google/bin/gerewritedbroot --source=http://earth.localdomain/default_ge/ --icon_directory=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/icons --dbroot_file=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/dbroot.v5 --search_server=localhost --search_port=9335 --kml_server=localhost --kml_port=9335 --kml_map_file=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/kml_map.txt 8 icons Executing: cp /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/dbroot.v5 /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/dbroot/dbroot_localhost_9335 Ok Grab kml files ... Executing: /opt/google/bin/gekmlgrabber --kml_map_file=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/kml_map.txt --output_directory=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/kml --source=http://earth.localdomain/default_ge/ --kml_server=localhost --kml_port=9335 0 kml files Ok Build globe ... Executing: /opt/google/bin/geportableglobebuilder --source=http://earth.localdomain/default_ge/ --default_level=5 --max_level=5 --hires_qt_nodes_file=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/qt_nodes.txt --globe_directory=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive --dbroot_file=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/dbroot.v5 > /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/packet_info.txt & Ok 685 image packets 128 terrain packets 515 vectors packets Extract search data ... Getting search poi ids: http://earth.localdomain/cgi-bin/globe_cutter.py?cmd=POI_IDS&db=default_ge Getting search poi data: http://earth.localdomain/cgi-bin/globe_cutter.py?cmd=SEARCH_FILE&poi_id=&polygon=Paste%20in%20KML%20containing%20polygon.%20If%20KML%20contains%20more%20than%20one%20polygon%2C%20the%20first%20polygon%20will%20be%20used. Saving search poi data: /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/search_db/gepoi_ Ok Add plugin files ... Executing: cp -r /opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/template/earth/* /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/earth Executing: cp -r /opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/template/maps/* /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/maps Executing: cp -r /opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/template/js/* /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive/js Rewrite JSON from: http://earth.localdomain/default_ge//query?request=Json&var=geeServerDefs Ok Packaging globe for download ... Executing: /opt/google/bin/geportableglobepacker --globe_directory=/tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115/LevelFive --output=/opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/globes/LevelFive.glb Executing: chmod a+r /opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/globes/LevelFive.glb /opt/google/gehttpd/htdocs/cutter/globes/LevelFive.glb 9.62MB Ok Deleting tmp directory as: /tmp/globe_builder/LevelFive_4282_1287494655.545115 Ok
This section uses the following typographic conventions:
Italic |
Information that the user must supply |
| Square brackets [ ] | Optional items |
gepolygontoqtnodes --kml_polygon_file=filename --qt_nodes_file=filename --max_level=int
Creates a list of the quadtree nodes that encompass a polygon at the given max_level
.
gerewritedbroot --source=server_name --icon_directory=directory --dbroot_file=filename [--search_server=server_name] [--search_port=num] [--kml_map_file=filename] [--kml_server=server_name] [--kml_port=num] [--kml_url_path=prefix] [--use_ssl_for_kml=bool]
localhost
.8888
.localhost
.8888
.kml
.https
instead of http
for accessing KML files. Default is false
.gekmlgrabber --kml_map_file=/tmp/kml_map
gekmlgrabber --kml_map_file=filename --output_directory=path [--source=server_name] [--kml_server=server_name] [--kml_port=num] [--kml_url_path=prefix] [--use_ssl_for_kml=bool] [--no_recurse=bool] [--ignore_absolute_urls=bool]
Reads KML references, retrieves them from network,
and copies them into local files. If the --no_recurse
flag
is not set, it does the same for any additional kml files
referenced within the given kml files.
localhost
.localhost
.9335
.kml
.false
.false
.false
.geportableglobebuilder --source=http://myserver --max_level=18 --default_level=8 --hires_qt_nodes_file=qt_nodes.txt \
--globe_directory /tmp/my_portable_globe \
geportableglobebuilder --source=server_name --globe_directory=path [--max_level=num] [--default_level=num] [--hires_qt_nodes_file=filename] [--dbroot_file=filename] [--nowrite]
Creates a set of packet bundles and other associated files. These files can be combined into a globe file with geportableglobepacker
.
24
.7
.geportableglobepacker --globe_directory=path --output=filename --make_copy=bool
Packs up all globe files into a single file. If --make_copy
is set
to true
, the globe directory is undisturbed. If not, then the
globe directory is rendered unusable, but the command can run
considerably faster.
.glb
file extension.false
.


Kwik EFIS provides a flexible arrangement of display options and functionality.
The options can be enabled or disabled in any combination to provide many different display choices.
Below is a few examples showing some of the typical options selected.
Basic Attitude Indicator
|
A common setting would be for basic uncluttered Attitude Indicator display with the Airspeed
and Altitude ribbons enabled. If valid GPS data is available then the surrounding airports
are also displayed.
|
Monochrome
|
|
The monochrome / black and white settings removes most color from the display.
This mode, in combination with the "mirror" setting can be used to project the EFIS onto a suitable
combiner to create a Head Up Display or HUD.

|
Comprehensive
This screen shows the flight director enabled and engaged, compass rose as well as the Details page.
This is the best performance display with most options enabled.
|
|
Active waypoint and selected altitude can be set using the spinwheel style controls on the
top and bottom right respectively.
The the flight director is unique for each type of aircraft and takes into consideration
the v-speeds and performance characteristics particular to to that specific aircraft.
|
Synthetic Vision
This screen shows the synthetic vision enabled in portrait mode.
This is the most comprehensive display with all possible options enabled. This option is only
recommended on Android devices with good processing capacity. For best performance a recent
model Android device is recommended.
|
|
The the synthetic vision is built from SRTM30.
SRTM30 is the global digital elevation model (DEM) produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc seconds (approximately 1 kilometer)
Realtime rendering of the terrain data to produce synthetic vision is processor intensive.
Terrain proximity
With the digital elevation model active, it is now possible to provide the terrain avoidance
warnings:
YELLOW - Terrain within 1000 ft
RED - Terrain less then 100 ft
The proximity warnings are only active when speed is greater then 1.3 Vs0.
|
Fault Condition
|
|
Fault condition such as sensor failure or loss of GPS information is indicated with the
dreaded RED CROSSES.
|
Options and settings
|
|
The settings and options are provided in a clear and simple grouping and is intuitive to use.
|
Digital Map (DMAP)
Kwik Digital moving Map is a companion application to the EFIS. It provides situational
awareness and and navigation functionality.
|
|
The Kwik Digital moving Map uses the same synthetic vision data as used by the Kwik EFIS. See:
Airspace data is provided from Soaring Services Worldwide Soaring Turnpoint Exchange Airspace
N/W Sector: Europe, Russia
N/E Sector: USA, Canada
S/W Sector: South America
S/E Sector: South Africa, Australia
|
Data Packs
Kwik EFIS provides a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the provision of synthetic vision and
above ground level altitide (AGL).
The the synthetic vision is built from the USGS 3 arc second Digital Elevation
Model data (SRTM30). If enabled, it also allows for some terrain collision
detection.
Currently available regions.
|


For the first time ever, we organize this kind of contest to get the best tagline for our beloved club, AI Society.
In entertainment, a tagline (alternatively spelled tag line) is a short text which serves to clarify a thought for or is designed with a form of, dramatic effect. Many tagline slogans are reiterated phrases associated with an individual, social group, or product. As a variant of a branding slogan, taglines can be used in marketing materials and advertising.
Who can participate?
Of course AI Society Members! One team consists of 2 members.
What are the theme(scope?) for this contest?
"Artificial Intelligence Society For Future"
When does entries closed?
30 April 2016
Where is the link for register this contest?
You can contact us anytime!
Dayah -<PHONE_NUMBER>
Ariff -<PHONE_NUMBER>


Using HadCRUT4, the human-induced warming in May 2017, calculated relative to the period 1850–79, reached +1.01 °C with an uncertainty range of +0.87 to +1.22 °C (5–95% confidence interval) as shown in Fig. 1 (orange line). The corresponding natural externally-driven change is −0.01 ± 0.03 °C and hence very small in comparison to the human contribution (blue line in Fig. 1). Essentially all the observed warming since 1850–79 is anthropogenic. Using HadCRUT4-CW instead, the GWI for May 2017 is +1.08 °C with an uncertainty range of 0.92 to 1.32 °C (see Fig. S1b in the supplementary material).
Global Warming Index from Jan 1950 to May 2017 for HadCRUT4. The anthropogenic contribution in orange (with 5–95% confidence interval). The natural contribution (solar and volcanic) in blue. The red line shows the combined (total) externally-driven temperature change. The dark red line shows the evolution of the GWI when only past forcing and temperature data are used. It starts in 1944 - the time when a human-induced warming signal can first be detected - followed by a new data point for each month up until May 2017. The evolution of the red line indicates the degree of month-to-month variability of the index. The thin black line are the monthly (HadCRUT4) GMST data. For illustration, blue diamonds indicate when major climate summits took place in context of the monthly GMST at that time.
Our uncertainty estimates are consistent with other attribution results: We estimate human-induced warming over 1951–2010 to be +0.63 ± 0.08 °C (105% of the total warming) in HadCRUT4 (+0.65 °C for HadCRUT4-CW; Fig. S1b), in line with the 2013 IPCC assessment (given to 1 decimal place) of +0.7 ± 0.1 °C based on more comprehensive attribution studies using the CMIP5 ensemble. The contributions to the uncertainty ranges (5–95% interval) for the current level of warming are −0.06 to +0.07 °C (observational), −0.07 to +0.19 °C (climate forcing), −0.002 to +0.009 °C (response model), and −0.09 to +0.12 °C (internal variability). The fraction of the contributions to the total uncertainty, the variance and the distributions of the decomposed uncertainty estimates are shown in Fig. 2a–c, respectively. The observational uncertainty combines effects of measurement, sampling, bias, and coverage uncertainties. It is described in the HadCRUT4 uncertainty model 23, 45– 47 and applied to HadCRUT4-CW in the same way (see Fig. S2 in the supplementary material). We note that the coverage uncertainty in HadCRUT4 might be underestimated as it does not account for different warming rates over unobserved or under-sampled regions such as the Arctic. The overall uncertainty is dominated by the radiative forcing uncertainty as shown in Fig. 2a,b.
GWI uncertainty analysis for HadCRUT4. ( a) Temporal evolution (1950–2017) of fraction contributions to the total uncertainty (5–95% range). ( b) Same as ( a) but for the variance (square of the standard error). The black line is the combined total variance. This differs from the sum because uncertainties are non-gaussian. Note the very small contribution of the response model uncertainty at the bottom. ( c) Probability density function for the relative uncertainty contributions to the value of the GWI in May 2017. Note that the response model frequency peaks at ~100. In black is the PDF of the combined total uncertainty.
Importantly, uncertainties in GWI are primarily systematic, and hence do not increase its temporal volatility. Re-computing the GWI based only on data up to different points in the past leads to variations of no more than ±0.1 °C relative to the estimate based on the full data available now (dark red compared to orange line in Fig. 1). These deviations are strongly auto-correlated and declining as the signal strengthens. Hence the GWI is relatively insensitive to the end date as well as short-term GMST fluctuations, pre-empting possible misconceptions, for example, that a strong El Niño or La Niña event represent an acceleration, “hiatus”, or slowdown in human-induced warming.
The rate of human-induced warming is estimated using the latest 20 years of data. The most recent 20 year trend is +0.16 °C/decade in HadCRUT4, and the uncertainty range spans from +0.12 to +0.32 °C/decade. For HadCRUT4-CW, the trend is +0.17 °C/decade (0.13–0.33 °C/decade). The range is skewed due to the one-sided uncertainty related to anthropogenic aerosols during 1950–80. Our warming rate estimate is compatible with the 1979–2010 trend calculated in Foster and Rahmstorf 48 using multiple regression to filter out natural contributors (+0.17 °C for HadCRUT4). Other more physically based methods to remove natural variations yield equally compatible results 49. Trends of shorter time intervals show larger anthropogenic warming rates in recent years, indicating that the trend in GHG forcing has likely been increasing, although CO 2 emissions have stabilised during the last three years. Non-CO 2 GHGs such as methane may be responsible for the accelerated anthropogenic warming rate 28, with perhaps a minor contribution from reduced Asian aerosol pollution 29, 50.
Up until this point, we have presented results for HadCRUT4 and HadCRUT4-CW, which differ in their global coverage and hence do have a noticeable effect on our results. Since the HadCRUT4-CW method has only been fully published for the data after 1979 24 (with a brief reference to the data before 1979 in the supplementary material of Cowtan et al. 51), we use HadCRUT4 as our main result for the time being. We note, however, that HadCRUT4 has known negative biases due to incomplete coverage of the Arctic where the globe is warming the fastest 52 which may lead to an underestimated anthropogenic warming 6.
To further test the notion that our results are sensitive to the choice of the GMST dataset, we analysed NASA/GISS 53, the NOAA Merged LandOcean Surface Temperature Analysis 54 and the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature analysis 55 in the same way (see Fig. S3 in the supplementary material). Note that NASA/GISS and NOAA/MLOST data are only available after 1880, i.e. the reference period is 1881–1910. The GWI for May 2017 varies from +1.08 °C (NOAA) to +1.13 °C (Berkeley), suggesting that the current warming rate in HadCRUT4 may indeed be at the lower end. That said, NASA/GISS, for example, uses ERSSTv4 56 over oceans, which appears to have substantial biases during WWII 57. While attempts have been made to correct this bias in ERSSTv5 57, the problem may still not be resolved. HadSST3 (used in HadCRUT4, HadCRUT4-CW and Berkeley Earth) does not show the same anomalous behaviour. Accordingly, our fit between total forcing and NASA/GISS is worse than for the two HadCRUT4 versions (Fig. S3c). The same is true for NOAA/MLOST (Fig. S3d). Berkeley Earth has gaps in the early part of the record and NOAA has no Arctic coverage either. Hence there really is no “perfect” GMST dataset at the moment, which is why we argue that it is defensible to use HadCRUT4. Future versions of those GMST datasets may come in to better agreement as data gaps are closed and methodologies improved.
As far as the choice of the reference period is concerned, in Fig. S1 we illustrate the effect quantitatively. While the difference between the volcano-free 1861–80 period and the 1850–79 default reference period is not substantial (−0.005 °C across the datasets), using the 1851–1900 reference period instead does have a significant effect on the main result. The index is reduced by ~0.02 °C due to a shifting mean reference time for the anthropogenic forcing to 1875. Natural forcing contributions are negative during the 1881–1900 period, moving the natural warming contribution to positive values when the 1851–1900 reference period is used. Conveniently, the current natural warming contribution is essentially zero in the default reference period of 1850–79.
Despite this array of uncertainties, the GWI comes with a number of advantages compared to using GMST from observations or GCMs as global warming metric. The most important advantage is that it does not depend on climate models to estimate the anthropogenic warming fraction: we make no prior assumptions about the magnitude of the response to either anthropogenic or natural forcing, or the climate sensitivity, in computing the GWI. Nonetheless, there are a few issues that need to be considered. While the GWI reflects global forcing responses by construction, it implicitly assumes globally homogeneous forcing. However, anthropogenic aerosols are emitted spatially very inhomogeneous. As demonstrated elsewhere 5, 58, this asymmetry leads to globally inhomogeneous temperature responses which need to be considered. More land surface area and a generally higher aerosol load over land leads to faster forcing response times in the Northern Hemisphere in comparison to the ocean-dominated, cleaner Southern Hemisphere. We therefore tested the sensitivity of hemispherically asymmetric aerosol forcing upon our results by using different response times in both hemispheres. We find that the current GWI is insensitive to the treatment of anthropogenic aerosols.


{% extends "console/screens/logistics/logistics.html" %} {% block section %} Analytics {% include "console/components/placeholders/placeholder.html" with placeholder=logistics.placeholder only %} {% block console_js %} {% endblock console_js %} {% endblock %}


A sample dataset for showcasing the annotations feature.
Instructions
This example is of an already validated deletion at chr1:9535585-9537647 in the NA12878 genome using Illumina paired-end short reads aligned to the GRCh38 reference build.
The deletion is supported by: Read Depth, Paired-Ends, Split Reads, and Soft-Clipped bases on the 5' end.
The Alignment may be visualized further down this page but for now, let's go over the other parts of an annotation.
Annotation Form
Scroll down to the "form" which will contain choices about the aforementioned evidence supporting the deletion.
Now, we will go over the pieces of evidence from a visual perspective.
Seen in Illumina: here, we would click "Yes" instead of "Unsure", since we have a known deletion: do this now.
For the multi-checkboxes, they are already all selected for your convenience, so we will now explain them.
Read Depth: the depth of mapped read coverage is less in the deleted region than what we would observe in a non-deleted region.
Paired-End: reads which pair on either side of a breakpoint(s).
Soft-Clipped: reads with unmapped bases, typically in 5' or 3' ends of the reads. Unmapped bases correspond to opposite side of current breakpoint, in the case of this deletion.
Split Reads: reads "split" from their expected insert size.
Clicking "Save" will not perform any actions for this example, but after choosing the aforementioned options in a typical annotation, one would click "Save" and the annotations are saved for that user.
Let's now visualize the deletion in the IGV window further below, to see the aforementioned evidence supporting the deletion.
IGV Window
Given the definitions above, see if you can observe the evidence for each feature in the IGV window below.
Note: for Soft-Clipped evidence, to view soft-clips, click cog to right of NA12878 track, which is the second cog from the top, and select "Show soft clips"


ofxCvContourFinder
The contour finder allows you to detect objects in a scene by looking contrast caused by the difference between adjoining pixels. For instance, in the image below, the hand is visible and trackable because the contrast between the wall behind it and the arm is quite distinct:
[img src="contour.png"]
You can make contour detection more robust by by the comparing the current image to a background image and subtracting the background from the current image. This enables you to examine the incoming image without the background image data, reducing the amount of data that needs to be inspected.
The contourFinder requires an ofxCvGrayscaleImage be passed to it, so you'll need to create one either the video or camera feed that you're using. An example of working with a camera is shown here:
void contoursApp::setup(){
bLearnBackground = false;
vidGrabber.setVerbose(true);
vidGrabber.initGrabber(320,240);
colorImg.allocate(320,240);
grayImage.allocate(320,240);
grayBg.allocate(320,240);
grayDiff.allocate(320,240);
}
void contoursApp::update(){
vidGrabber.grabFrame();
//do we have a new frame?
if (vidGrabber.isFrameNew()){
colorImg.setFromPixels(vidGrabber.getPixelsRef());
grayImage = colorImg; // convert our color image to a grayscale image
if (bLearnBackground == true) {
grayBg = grayImage; // update the background image
bLearnBackground = false;
}
grayDiff.absDiff(grayBg, grayImage);
grayDiff.threshold(30);
contourFinder.findContours(grayDiff, 5, (340*240)/4, 4, false, true);
}
}
void contoursApp::draw(){
ofSetHexColor(0xffffff);
colorImg.draw(0, 0, 320, 240);
grayDiff.draw(0, 240, 320, 240);
ofRect(320, 0, 320, 240);
contourFinder.draw(320, 0, 320, 240);
ofColor c(255, 255, 255);
for(int i = 0; i < contourFinder.nBlobs; i++) {
ofRectangle r = contourFinder.blobs.at(i).boundingRect;
r.x += 320; r.y += 240;
c.setHsb(i * 64, 255, 255);
ofSetColor(c);
ofRect(r);
}
}
void contoursApp::keyPressed(int key) {
bLearnBackground = true;
}
ofxCvContourFinder methods
draw(...)
void ofxCvContourFinder::draw(float x, float y)
Draws the detected contours into the coordintes passed in.
draw(...)
void ofxCvContourFinder::draw(float x, float y, float w, float h)
Draws the detected contours at the point passed in with the height and width, scaling as necessary.
draw(...)
void ofxCvContourFinder::draw(const ofPoint &point)
Draws the detected contours at the point passed in.
draw(...)
void ofxCvContourFinder::draw(const ofRectangle &rect)
Draws the detected contours into the ofRectangle passed in scaling if necessary.
findContours(...)
int ofxCvContourFinder::findContours(ofxCvGrayscaleImage &input, int minArea, int maxArea, int nConsidered, bool bFindHoles, bool bUseApproximation=true)
input This is an ofxCvGrayscaleImage reference (this is written ofxCvGrayscaleImage&) to a grayscale image that will be searched for blobs. Note that grayscale images only are considered. So if you're using a color image, you'll need to highlight the particular color that you're looking for beforehand. You can do this by looping through the pixels and changing the color values of any pixel with the desired color to white or black, for instance. minArea This is the smallest potential blob size as measured in pixels that will be considered as a blob for the application. maxArea This is the largest potential blob size as measured in pixels that will be considered as a blob for the application. nConsidered This is the maximum number of blobs to consider. This is an important parameter to get right, because you can save yourself a lot of processing time and possibly speed up the performance of your application by pruning this number down. An interface that uses a user's fingers, for instance, needs to look only for 5 points, one for each finger. One that uses a user's hands needs to look only for two points. bFindHoles This tells the contour finder to try to determine whether there are holes within any blob detected. This is computationally expensive but sometimes necessary. bUseApproximation This tells the contour finder to use approximation and to set the minimum number of points needed to represent a certain blob; for instance, a straight line would be represented by only two points if bUseApproximation is set to true.
getHeight()
float ofxCvContourFinder::getHeight()
Returns the height of the area that detection is being performed upon.
getWidth()
float ofxCvContourFinder::getWidth()
Returns the height of the area that detection is being performed upon.
setAnchorPercent(...)
void ofxCvContourFinder::setAnchorPercent(float xPct, float yPct)
Sets the anchor point as a percentage.
setAnchorPoint(...)
void ofxCvContourFinder::setAnchorPoint(int x, int y)
Sets an anchor point for the drawing.
ofxCvContourFinder variables
ofxCvBlob blobs
ofxCvBlob ofxCvContourFinder::blobs
The vector ofxCvBlob blobs returns each blob that was found in the image. These should, if all has gone well, correlate to the blobs in previous examples so that you can begin to perform tracking.
for(int i = 0; i < contourFinder.nBlobs; i++) {
ofxCvBlob blob = contourFinder.blobs.at(i);
// do something fun with blob
}
or
vector<ofxCvBlob>::iterator bit = contourFinder.blobs.begin();
while( bit != contourFinder.blobs.end())
ofxCvBlob blob = *(bit);
// do something with blob
++bit;
}


Comprehensive HTML5 document
This document contains comprehensive coverage of HTML5 tags and, to a lesser extent their attributes. It is intended as a demonstration of the document structures we expect to be able to annotate.
This document contains comprehensive coverage of HTML5 tags and, to a lesser extent their attributes. It is intended as a demonstration of the document structures we expect to be able to annotate.


4. Compiling FASTv8¶
FASTv8 [fastv8] is available from https://nwtc.nrel.gov/FAST8. The latest version as of this writing is v8.16.00a-bjj released by Bonnie Jonkman on 23-July-2016. This doesn't compile right away with gfortran.
4.1. Shreyas's cmake version¶
Shreyas Ananthan has adapted the FAST v8.15.00a-bjj source code to use the CMake build system. This is available at https://github.com/sayerhs/fast8_cmake and seems to work out of the box with gfortran-5.3 compiler on my mac. However, I have decided to stop using this on Mike's advice.
4.2. Michael Sprague's instructions to compile on Peregrine¶
Mike is aware that the version of FAST available on the NREL website doesn't compile out of the box. Here are his instructions to compile it on Peregrine.
I just compiled MAP & FAST successfully on peregrine. Here are some notes and the steps that I took. There are some steps listed that I’m sure you already took. I would say the important things are the appropriate peregrine modules, and the patches to the makefiles.
First, FYI, ../Source/dependencies/NWTC_Library/SysGnuLinux.f90 does not compile with the older gcc compilers. I will look further into that.
Second, load the following peregrine modules:
module purge
module load gcc/4.8.1 lapack/3.4.2/gcc mkl
Third, thanks to Avi for the “LAPACK_LINK"
To Compile MAP:
- Get latest version of map
git clone https://bitbucket.org/mmasciola/map-plus-plus
Let ${MAP_DIR} be the full path of map-plus-plus
- Apply the following changes (shown below in patchfile) to makefile in ${MAP_DIR}/src
login4 >> cat patchfile.makefile
30a31,32
> LAPACK_LIBS = -Wl,-rpath,/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/lib/intel64 -Wl,-rpath,/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/../compiler/lib/intel64 -L/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/lib/intel64 -L/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/../compiler/lib/intel64 -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_intel_thread -lmkl_core -liomp5 -lpthread -lm
>
41c43
< LDFLAGS = $(BITS) -g -shared -llapacke
---
> LDFLAGS = $(BITS) -g -shared ${LAPACK_LIBS}
76c78
< $(CC_TOOLS) $(LDFLAGS) -o libmap-1.20.00.so $(DEBUG) $(OBJ) -lm -llapacke
---
> $(CC_TOOLS) $(LDFLAGS) -o libmap-1.20.00.so $(DEBUG) $(OBJ) ${LAPACK_LIBS}
- Apply the following changes (shown below in patchfile) to ${MAP_DIR}/src/lineroutines.c
login4 >> cat patchfile.lineroutines.c
28c28
< # include "lapack\lapacke.h"
---
> # include "lapack/lapacke.h"
- “make” it
make
NOTE: Seems to pass the python test
To Compile FAST:
- Make directory where you’re going to untar fast, call it ${FAST_LOC} (FAST_DIR is defined differently in makefile)
- cd ${FAST_LOC}
- wget https://nwtc.nrel.gov/system/files/FAST_v8.12.00a-bjj.tar.gz
- tar -xvf FAST_v8.12.00a-bjj.tar.gz
- mkdir ${FAST_LOC}/bin/
- cp ${MAP_DIR}/src/libmap-1.20.00.so ${FAST_LOC}/bin/
- cd ${FAST_LOC}/Compiling
- make -f makefile_DISCON_DLL
- Apply following changes (shown below in patchfile) to makefile:
login3 >> cat patchfile.makefile
15,16c15,16
< BITS = 32
< #BITS = 64
---
> #BITS = 32
> BITS = 64
105c105,106
< MAP_lib = $(BIN_DIR)/libmap-1.10.01.so
---
> #MAP_lib = $(BIN_DIR)/libmap-1.10.01.so
> MAP_lib = $(BIN_DIR)/libmap-1.20.00.so
117d117
< LAPACK_LINK = -llapack -lblas
118a119,120
> LAPACK_LINK = -Wl,-rpath,/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/lib/intel64 -Wl,-rpath,/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/../compiler/lib/intel64 -L/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/lib/intel64 -L/nopt/intel/13.0/composer_xe_2013.3.163/mkl/../compiler/lib/intel64 -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_intel_thread -lmkl_core -liomp5 -lpthread -lm
>
- “make it”
make
This seems to work great with the native executable version of FAST in fortran, i.e. FAST_Prog.f90. However, this doesn't seem to compile the c file FAST_Prog.c. Manually compiling the c file and linking it to the FAST library simply gives a fatal error.
4.3. Avi's version¶
Avi Purkayastha was gracious enough to share his latest version of FAST v8 on Peregrine. The C driver program works in his version. After extensive digging, I found that he used the compilation flag DSTATIC_LOAD_DLL. Bonnie Jonkman had mentioned in her ChangeLog that this option was necessary to get FAST to work with MPI.


React Paradigms in Practice
Table of Contents
- React Components
- Paradigms
- How Can We Leverage These?
- Flexible Layouts with Context API and Render Props
React Components
Paradigms
Introduction and Overview
Here's a quick video discussion about the major patterns of React components that we'll be exploring.
Functional Component (Pure Component)
No state, no side effects, just rendering. Choose your favorite flavor.
What is PureComponent
?
A React Component's shouldComponentUpdate
method is defaulted to return true
, as this method exists to give the developer a means of improving component performance on a case by case basis. PureComponent has this defaulted
to a shallow comparison of props and state, which is largely what you would want in a component that acts like a function (same input, same output). Using Pure Component can improve performance by preventing unnecessary rendering of react components.
Still some discussion about usage
There are some benefits and drawbacks
Quick summary about Functional Components:
- Easy to test
- Easy to read
- Provide no efficiency under the hood, React still creates the class that you didn't
- Conversions to PureComponent (the efficient version) look noisy in Diff viewers as you have to add class boilerplate
- The React Team has plans to make Functional Components implement PureComponent by default.
Additional Resources
A note on Presentational Components (Spoiler alert: It's just a View)
Dan Abramov strongly suggests separating Functional (Presentational) Components and Controller components. The distinction is usually drawn along the lines of presentational components organizing the view, while the container component may load or organize data. So if you use Functional Components as views in MVC, you're in good form!
Sometimes you have complex structures that would be served well by having a layout view component. This would look something like the following:
Controller Component
Can have state, bind functions, organize layouts
It loads data. It might send it to view components. It hooks into the lifecycle methods to get the job done
Higher Order Component
Provides additional functionality to the component(s) that are wrapped
Structure: const HoC = config => BaseComponent => EnhancedComponent
Separating logic from containers can help improve your code
- Containers can worry less about its data loading, management, or connecting to application state management when that functionality is added via an HoC.
- Enables you to share functionality between components, as the HoCs exist independent of the components they are applied to.
- Can make using components more difficult, as you need to look at the
connect
function to see what props are being passed by Redux and what props are required to be given to the component. - Adds some visual complexity, as now your app has logic being added to compoennts by a function call, which doesn't look very "jsx"-y. You need to hunt down bugs tracking both through layers of JSX and layers of HoCs.
The React team has certain suggestions about how to implement HoCs
- Don't modify the functions of the wrapped component
- HoCs should support passthrough of unrelated props
- Use the HoC thunk pattern to support composition , which just means you have the parenthesis
connect(config)(Component)
instead ofconnect(config, Component)
- This allows for clear distinction of the component and argmuments when applying multiple HoCs
Additional Resources
- Higher Order Components in the React Documentation
- An introduction to HoCs
- A tutorial on HoCs by example
- The self-purported Ultimate Guide to HoCs
Render Props
Share functionality between components
Here we have a Toggle Render Prop which allows us to share the state of 'on' and a functin to modify that state. Anywhere we need that functionality we can use this Toggle, meaning that we can re-use this state logic!
What exactly do Render Props do for you?
- Share functionality between components
- The component parts that were boilerplate before can now be re-used!
- Ever had a component that loads data on mounting, reloads on specific props changes?
- Maybe it also has a loading state?
- Stay tuned for some examples of how to use these concepts to re-use code to address these problems!
- Represent a way of utilizing depencency injection in combining components
- A
List
container could know nothing about how eachListItem
is displayed - You can skip the component creation steps required in HoCs, as Render Props are defined at their usage.
- A
- But make sure you know why you are using a Render Prop
Some things to note
React does not assign meaning to passing a function as children
(a function is not a React.Node type). This is awesome! It means that we can co-opt that usage of children for Render Props.
Instead of defining a prop render
or component
being how the function is passed, you can instead pass the function in as the children
prop.
This keeps code that uses Render Props clean and expressive, as you'll see later on. The React Team themselves have
embraced this paradign in the React Context API, which uses Render Props to provide an easy interface to avoid
passing props through multiple layers of components (commonly known as prop drilling).
Render Props and Higher Order Components ultimately achieve the same thing in different ways. Higher Order Components add functionality to the component but can obscure it behind exports. You'll see this with Redux when we export the connected component, export default connect(getCurrentUser)(Header)
. This can reduce reusability and make testing more difficult, as you either mock the HoC or export both the unconnected and connected versions of the component.
Render Props have drawbacks as well, as they define added functionality in-line, which means adding some complexity to the jsx portions. This is located next to the usage, so you have the choice of where you will look to track down bugs. With HoCs, you'll be looking for the definitions of wrapped components to see what is added. With Render Props, you'll be looking in-line in the jsx.
Unrelated, some people are mad about the name Render Prop, but 'function as a child' is not a great
alternative name. There are concerns about how having children
be a renderable component does not follow good
naming conventions, as return this.props.children()
does not make a lot of sense from how things are named. If
you agree, you could consider renaming the children prop. This does create a class as jsx is being used, so only
do this if you really disagree with calling children as a function.
Additional Resources
- Introduction to Render Props and why they are useful
- Render Props in the React documentation
How Can We Leverage These?
Let's check out some useful pre-made Render Props from React-Powerplug
Hover
Lets you easily use the hover state on the component.
Value
Store whatever value you want, no need to define state! Oh yea, this Render Prop takes in an onChange
callback,
so you can keep track of what's going on. Ever wanted input text to control the text of another component? Well then maybe this the tool for you!
List
Ever wanted an easy way to manipulate a list that's stored in state? Well here's an abstracted way to do that!
List also takes a onChange
callback, meaning you can keep your code squeeky clean and still manipulate that list.
State
For when you want to throw the kitchen sink at your problem. If you wanted state… just write a class. But React-Powerplug won't judge you if you use this.
Use Case: Using an Accordion
Sometimes you have a controlled component that you'd rather were uncontrolled, and a handy Render Prop could give the functionality you need in-line.
Defining your own state? Who needs it! We've got Render Props to share the logic, letting us code even faster.
Data Loading
Wouldn't it be nice if there were some sort of Loader
component?
Something that handled loading data on mounting, loading when relevant props change, setting a loading state, and handling errors? Something that could be used like this:
Let's look at an HoC implementation of Loader first
The HoC has a pre-determined target for what will be modified by the values
And here's a Render Props version of Loader
Render Props allows you to stay flexible and have an indeterminate target, children
. Looks very similar in implementation to the HoC, as they both provide ways to share logic!
Package to help get ideas about how to use Render Props
React-Powerplug
It's only 3kb minified! Has many more great Render Props than just the few examples from above.
List of Render Props Packages
Here is a collection of public packages that leverage Render Props to get the job done. Even if you don't want to write some Render Props yourself, it pays to know the structure as many community packages rely upon it.
Flexible Layouts with Context API and Render Props
How should component data flow be organized to allow flexibility with Render Props or with Context API
If the view is always defined statically, there is little flexibility for re-use. At some point you may want to be able to reuse some code, but shuffle around how the components are being displayed. If the view is defined rigidly, you would either need to create a whole new view for the component or add flags that allow you to switch between layouts.
But wouldn't it be nice if there were a simple, high level way of re-organizing the view that removes data-flow concerns? Let's explore ways to utilize React Context and Render Props to add flexibility to your React App where you may not have thought there was room for any.
Wouldn't it be nice to have this kind of flexibility?
One option is to use render props to pass the needed props to the children components, however this would only look nice in simple cases. In complex cases, you'd just be expanding props into every child that you need to render like this, which is just more boilerplate / noise.
So let's not use render props in our goal-syntax, and instead create something that takes in props at the top level, and allows us to place some view components wherever we want them underneath. This keeps our layout definition nice and clear, and we know that props are 'prop'-erly making it to their final destination.
Let's see how we can create this kind of component utilizing React's context API to allow us to skip directly passing props.
Word of caution
The above is a little limited in re-use, as we're using a statically defined Context Provider / Consumer pair. You should be able to define the Consumer/Provider in the constructor, then injecting the consumer as a dependency to those helper components. But that's an uneeded layer of abstraction for the example above. Think of it as an exercise left to the reader!


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load pagelet_tags %} {% block title %}Remove Pagelet{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Are you sure you want to remove this pagelet, the contents of which appear below?


{{extend 'layout.html'}} {{block head}}
{{=T("Note: If you update your handles, your rating and per-day change will become zero for some time and will be re-computed in the next round of update when your submissions from the updated handle are retrieved.")}}
{{=form}}


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Direct.20Sums.html ---
Hi, I've been typing away at some representation theory, but I'm stuck with direct sums. I have a module M and submodules L and N.
I would like to say that M = L \oplus N. How do I do this?
oh apparently I can just type \oplus - is there any reason this wouldn't do what I expect?
I am afraid there is a lot of reason to expect that. It is most likely not defined yet.
Having the notation registered in the VScode extension has nothing to do with defining things in Lean
what exactly do you want the oplus
to mean?
just the span of the summands, or also the claim that the summands have trivial intersection?
I think you have to just say they're isomorphic. L \times N \~-\l M
oplus
will give you the sum of types, you want the cartesian product of types.
There's a notion of "internal" direct sums too---do we have that?
Yes, but it will give a submodule of the direct sum.
@Chris Hughes ok, I see now. The direct sum of modules is the product, which is then given a module structure. And oplus
is basically just the disjoint union.
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


This is a lightweight annotation-based dependency injection container for typescript.
It can be used on browser or on node.js server code.
Table of Contents
This library only works with typescript. Ensure it is installed:
npm install typescript -g
To install typescript-ioc:
npm install typescript-ioc
Typescript-ioc requires the following TypeScript compilation options in your tsconfig.json file:
{
"compilerOptions": {
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true
}
}
import {AutoWired, Inject} from "typescript-ioc";
@AutoWired
class PersonDAO {
@Inject
restProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
That's it. You can just call now:
let personDAO: PersonDAO = new PersonDAO();
And the dependencies will be resolved.
You can also inject constructor parameters, like:
@AutoWired
class PersonService {
private personDAO: PersonDAO;
constructor( @Inject personDAO: PersonDAO ) {
this.personDAO = personDAO;
}
}
and then, if you make an injection to this class, like...
@AutoWired
class PersonController {
@Inject
private personService: PersonService;
}
The container will create an instance of PersonService that receives the PersonDAO from the container on its constructor. But you still can call:
let personService: PersonService = new PersonService(myPersonDAO);
And pass your own instance of PersonDAO to PersonService.
Note that any type that have a constructor can be injected, not only the types that you decorate with @AutoWired.
@AutoWired
class PersonController {
@Inject
private personService: PersonService;
@Inject
creationTime: Date;
}
You don't have to do anything special to work with sub-types.
@AutoWired
class abstract BaseDAO {
@Inject
creationTime: Date;
}
@AutoWired
class PersonDAO extends BaseDAO {
@Inject
private personRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
@AutoWired
class ProgrammerDAO extends PersonDAO {
@Inject
private programmerRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
The above example will work as expected.
You can use scopes to manage your instances as:
@AutoWired
@Singleton
class PersonService {
@Inject
private personDAO: PersonDAO;
}
@AutoWired
class PersonController {
@Inject
private personService: PersonService;
@Inject
creationTime: Date;
}
So, we can create a lot of PersonController instances, but all of them will share the same singleton instance of PersonService
let controller1: PersonController = new PersonController();
let controller2: PersonController = new PersonController();
We have two pre defined scopes (Scope.Singleton and Scope.Local), but you can define your own custom Scope. You just have to extends the Scope abstract class;
class MyScope extends Scope {
resolve(iocProvider:Provider, source:Function) {
console.log('created by my custom scope.')
return iocProvider.get();
}
}
@AutoWired
@Scoped(new MyScope())
class PersonService {
@Inject
private personDAO: PersonDAO;
}
Providers can be used as a factory for instances created by the IoC Container.
const personProvider: Provider = {
get: () => { return new PersonService(); }
};
@AutoWired
@Scoped(new MyScope())
@Provided(personProvider)
class PersonService {
@Inject
private personDAO: PersonDAO;
}
It is possible to tell the container to use one class as the implementation for a super class.
@AutoWired
class PersonDAO extends BaseDAO {
@Inject
private personRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
@AutoWired
@Provides (PersonDAO)
class ProgrammerDAO extends PersonDAO {
@Inject
private programmerRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
So, everywhere you inject a PersonDAO will receive a ProgrammerDAO instance instead. However, is still possible to create PersonDAO instances through its constructor, like:
// a personDAO instance will be returned,
// with its dependecies resolved by container
let personDAO: PersonDAO = new PersonDAO();
The @AutoWired annotation transforms the annotated class, changing its constructor. So, any auto wired class will have its instantiation delegated to the IoC Container that will handle all injections automatically.
But this is not the only way you can interact with the IoC Container. You can bind types to Container resolution and also ask Container to return the instances.
// it will override any annotation configuration
Container.bind(PersonDAO).to(ProgrammerDAO).scope(Scope.Local);
// that will make any injection to Date to return
// the same instance, created when the first call is executed.
Container.bind(Date).to(Date).scope(Scope.Singleton);
// it will ask the IoC Container to retrieve the instance.
let personDAO = Container.get(PersonDAO);
You can use the Ioc Container with AutoWired classes and with non AutoWired classes.
class PersonDAO {
@Inject
private personRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
Container.bind(PersonDAO);
let personDAO: PersonDAO = Container.get(PersonDAO);
// personDAO.personRestProxy is defined. It was resolved by Container.
let otherPersonDAO: PersonDAO = new PersonDAO();
// personDAO.personRestProxy is not defined. It was not resolved by Container.
Or
@AutoWired
class PersonDAO {
@Inject
private personRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
Container.bind(PersonDAO); // it is not necessary, but does not destroy anything
let personDAO: PersonDAO = Container.get(PersonDAO);
// personDAO.personRestProxy is defined. It was resolved by Container.
let otherPersonDAO: PersonDAO = new PersonDAO();
// personDAO.personRestProxy is defined. It was also resolved by Container.
More examples of AutoWired and non AutoWired usage with Container interface:
@AutoWired
class PersonDAO {
@Inject
private personRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
const personProvider: Provider = {
get: () => { return new PersonDAO(); }
};
Container.bind(PersonDAO).provider(personProvider);
let personDAO: PersonDAO = Container.get(PersonDAO);
// personDAO.personRestProxy is defined. It was resolved by Container.
let otherPersonDAO: PersonDAO = new PersonDAO();
// personDAO.personRestProxy is defined. It was also resolved by Container.
// The call to new PersonDAO(), even when made inside the provider code,
// is handled by IoC Container.
class ProgrammerDAO {
@Inject
private personRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
}
const programmerProvider: Provider = {
get: () => { return new ProgrammerDAO(); }
};
Container.bind(ProgrammerDAO).provider(programmerProvider);
let personDAO: PersonDAO = Container.get(PersonDAO);
// personDAO.personRestProxy is NOT defined. The call to new PersonDAO(),
// made inside the provider code, was not handled by IoC Container.
// In that situation, the provider should handle the injections by itself.
Singleton scopes also received a special handling.
@AutoWired
@Singleton
class PersonDAO {
}
let p: PersonDAO = new PersonDAO(); // throws a TypeError. Autowired Singleton classes can not be instantiated
const personProvider: Provider = {
get: () => { return new PersonDAO(); }
};
Container.bind(PersonDAO).provider(personProvider); //Works OK
Container.bind(PersonDAO).scope(Scope.Local); // Now you are able to instantiate again
let p: PersonDAO = new PersonDAO(); // Works again.
Typescript interfaces only exists at development time, to ensure type checkings. When compiled, they generates nothing to runtime code. It ensures a good performance, but also means that is not possible to use interfaces as the type of a property being injected. There is no runtime information that could allow any reflection on interface type. Take a look at https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/3628 for more information about this.
So, this is not supported:
interface PersonDAO {
get(id: string): Person;
}
@AutoWired
@Provides (PersonDAO) // NOT SUPPORTED
class ProgrammerDAO implements PersonDAO {
@Inject
private programmerRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
get(id: string): Person
{
// get the person and return it...
}
}
@AutoWired
class PersonService {
@Inject // NOT SUPPORTED
private personDAO: PersonDAO;
}
However there is no reason for panic. Typescript classes are much more than classes. It could have the same behavior that interfaces on other languages.
So it is possible to define an abstract class and then implement it as we do with interfaces:
abstract class PersonDAO {
abstract get(id: string): Person;
}
@AutoWired
@Provides (PersonDAO) // It works
class ProgrammerDAO implements PersonDAO {
@Inject
private programmerRestProxy: PersonRestProxy;
get(id: string): Person
{
// get the person and return it...
}
}
@AutoWired
class PersonService {
@Inject // It works
private personDAO: PersonDAO;
}
The abstract class in this example, has exactly the same semantic that the typescript interface on the previous example. The only difference is that it generates type information into the runtime code, making possible to implement some reflection on it.
It was tested with browserify and webpack, but it should work with any other similar tool.
It is prefereable to configure your classes using @AutoWired. It is safer because ensure that all configurations will be applied even if its constructor is called directly by the code.
Configure default implementations for classes using @Provides annotation. If you need to change the implementation for some class, you just configure it direct into IoC Container.
abstract class PersonDAO {
abstract get(id: string): Person;
}
@AutoWired
@Provides (PersonDAO)
class ProgrammerDAO implements PersonDAO {
}
// And later, if you need...
@AutoWired
class ManagerDAO implements PersonDAO {
}
Container.bind(PersonDAO).to(ManagerDAO); //It will override any annotation
Another good practice is to group all your container configurations. It is easier to manage.
export default class MyIoCConfigurations {
static configure(){
Container.bind(PersonDAO).to(ManagerDAO);
Container.bind(DatabaseProvider).to(MyDatabaseProvider).scope(Scope.Singleton);
Container.bind(RestEndPointResolver).provider(MyRestEndPoints).scope(Scope.Singleton);
// ...
}
}
// and call..
MyIoCConfigurations.configure();
Generated using TypeDoc


Search Inside Yourself - Chapter 1
08 December 2016
What learnings did you take from the chapter?
I learnt that mindfulness and emotional intelligence is essentially a skill, that like most skills can be trained. Being more emotionally aware means that you are aware of your body’s signals, your emotions and the emotions of others, and by being aware of these provides a variety of personal and professional benefits. Ming talked about how out of the 6 competencies that make up a high performing engineer, 4 of them were related to emotional intelligence. I found it interesting that by increasing your emotional intelligence that you are able to become more self-aware and be able to recognise your body's subconscious reactions and bring those reactions to consciousness earlier, thus you are able to better manage a situation and the people involved.
How did you find the two minutes of mindfulness?
I have been trying out the Headspace App over the last few days and found the two minutes of mindfulness very similar uses very similar techniques to that found in the app. Both initially focus getting you to focus your mind on your body (such as your breathing) and then allowing it to wonder and observe your thoughts and the sounds, smells and sensations around you. It is an interesting experience although while it sounds easy, in practice I found it a bit tricky to keep focused, however and generally I felt a little calmer after performing these techniques.


DESIGN. DEVELOP
Hello there, my name is Prashant Maurice,
living and working in Bangalore. this is my portfolio,
I am a part time freelancer in Web/Android Development, had 1 year strong experience in Android Apps,
Web Design, 3D animation, and passionate of trying new things
Feel free to look around, but be careful, dont get lost
wait......did i say i am a Robotics enthusiast too
Feel free to look around, but be careful, dont get lost
wait......did i say i am a Robotics enthusiast too


Revisit the findings of your user research
Write the most common, unexpected or illuminating stories that came from user research on separate Post-it notes
Think about underlying behaviours and motivations
Also include things which falsified your previous assumptions
As a group, move each set of Post-its into groups based on similarity or relations between them.
Name the themes
Create a statement for each group that would transform the theme into a core insight
THE USER
needs a way to
DO SOMETHING
(THAT ADDRESSES THEIR NEED)
so that
SOMETHING HAPPENS
(THAT BENEFITS THEM)
The user journey as a mobile map


The Shining, starring Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd and Scatman Crothers. Directed by Stanley Kubrick. 1980.
Reviewed by John Carroll.
In a year of the horror film, people always tend to look back at the classics. In a few years, people will undeniably be looking back at films such as The Blair Witch Project and The Sixth Sense as classic horror films. But for now, there are other classics to look after. The Shining, directed by the legendary Stanley Kubrick and based on the Stephen King novel, is regarded as a classic. And despite being an entertaining movie, The Shining did not age well.
The premise for the novel is that Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) has become the housekeeper for a ski lodge that is closing down for the winter. This is because the snow becomes to much to travel. Right from the get-go, Kubrick establishes the "trapped in the house" scenario that many horror films have tried to accomplish. The other plot involved is with Danny Torrance (Danny Llyod). He would be best described as a "weird" little boy, as he talks to his imaginary friend, which turns out to be his finger. As Kubrick later on reveals, the boy has a sense known as "The Shining", a trait that the Overlook Hotel chef Dick Hallorann (Scatman Crothers) also possesses. As the film progresses, Kubrick develops the rage and isolation in Jack Torrance.
Jack Nicholson, as Jack Torrance, gives a wonderful performance. In a film that tends to drag on at certain points and become rather tedious, Nicholson steps up and brings the film back up, despite losing it once off the screen. Nicholson portrays Torrance as the psychopath he truly is, and despite knowing what will happen in the film from the start, Nicholson will have everyone second-guessing themselves.
The rest of the supporting cast, which basically consists of Duvall, Llyod and Crothers, does not add many dimensions to the film. Duvall has the role of the nice country wife, and gives a decent performance, although has trouble standing out, particularly when paired with Nicholson on screen. Danny Lloyd, the boy with "The Shining", has a particularly important role, and utterly fails with it. Any drama with children tends to rely on their performance for the film's success or failure. Films like Taxi Driver that get great performances from their child stars, in Taxi's case, Jodie Foster, those films tend to succeed much more than subpar child performances. Danny Lloyd fails miserably. His performance is as dry as can be, with no emotion shown in any of his lines. He even has trouble acting like a child, when in the backseat of the car driving up to the Overlook Hotel, he cannot even do the "Are we there yet?" correctly. His performance bogs the whole film down and takes away from the great performance of Jack Nicholson and will basically bore the audience when he makes his on-screen performance.
Despite the terrible acting from Llyod, Kubrick still manages to piece this film together. As said before, Nicholson brings such a demonic presence to the screen that you cannot help but get chills. His good, sensible personality goes awry right before our very eyes. As Nicholson starts chopping down the doors at the end of the film, the whole theatre will be on the edge of their seats. However, the ending goes stale. A tedious segment develops with Jack Torrance chasing little Danny through the garden maze and this part goes on way too long. I will not spoil the ending, but it is definitely not something to write home about. It will leave you wondering why it took an hour and a half to get to this finale. Nicholson works so hard to pick up the pieces left by Llyod's atrocious acting only yo be hampered by a subpar finale.
In the end, The Shining is an experience within itself. While it might not please all audiences, it is definitely a film that needs to be seen to make a proper judgement. The ending may not be great and Llyod may bore you to tears, but in the end, Jack Nicholson proves why he is the best of the best and anyone with an interest in the horror genre should pick up a copy of The Shining.
Final Verdict: B The Movie Page- http://moviepage.hypermart.net/ Reviews, Previews, News and So Much More!
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| Number of Classes | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage | Mutation Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | 83% | 50% | 63%
Killed: 279
Uncertain: 9
|
| Name | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage | Mutation Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| CloudhopperBuilder.java | 80% |
53% |
62%
Killed: 92
Uncertain: 2
|
| CloudhopperRetryablePredicates.java | 85% |
37% |
73%
Killed: 27
Uncertain: 1
|
| CloudhopperSessionOptions.java | 95% |
18% |
38%
Killed: 5
Uncertain: 1
|
| DataCodingSchemeBuilder.java | 76% |
65% |
53%
Killed: 9
Uncertain: 0
|
| DefaultCloudhopperConfigurer.java | 97% |
67% |
67%
Killed: 2
Uncertain: 0
|
| EncoderBuilder.java | 76% |
51% |
64%
Killed: 27
Uncertain: 0
|
| InterfaceVersion.java | 97% |
53% |
93%
Killed: 13
Uncertain: 0
|
| KeepAliveBuilder.java | 89% |
45% |
70%
Killed: 21
Uncertain: 3
|
| LoggingBuilder.java | 0% |
0% |
0%
Killed: 0
Uncertain: 0
|
| MessageSplitterBuilder.java | 86% |
51% |
79%
Killed: 22
Uncertain: 0
|
| ReadableEncoderBuilder.java | 80% |
59% |
63%
Killed: 10
Uncertain: 0
|
| ReferenceNumberGeneratorBuilder.java | 69% |
43% |
50%
Killed: 4
Uncertain: 0
|
| ReuseSessionBuilder.java | 100% |
53% |
100%
Killed: 13
Uncertain: 0
|
| SessionBuilder.java | 73% |
52% |
48%
Killed: 25
Uncertain: 2
|
| SslBuilder.java | 0% |
0% |
0%
Killed: 0
Uncertain: 0
|
| StandardEncodingHelper.java | 100% |
20% |
100%
Killed: 1
Uncertain: 0
|
| UserDataBuilder.java | 100% |
56% |
73%
Killed: 8
Uncertain: 0
|


Gallery Images
Event Summary
July 28-30th (Fort Ross Culture Camp is always the last weekend in July)
Major Sponsor: The Aleut Foundation
CAlaska Culture held its first traditional Alaskan Native Moccasin Class in Fort Ross, California. In the fort overlooking the Northern California coast, DonnaRae James led 15 students constructing their custom-fit moccasins. DonnaRae provided technical instruction. Then the students chose materials for the inside lining and began to sew. We sipped our coffee and enjoyed the fresh ocean air, telling stories of our ancestors.
Our ages ranged from under 18 to over 60. Haida, Tlingit, Sugpiaq, Dena’ina Athabascan, Inupiaq, and Unangax cultures were represented. We learned interesting differences and similarities in our backgrounds, snacking, of course, on salmon spread and Sailor Boy Pilot bread.
Day two coincided with Fort Ross Festival. As the students finished their liners, the fort filled with Russian visitors and volunteers. Many stopped by our booth to watch us sew and learn Alaska Native history at the fort. This day, we worked on outer moc bottoms and welts of Elk hide. Sinew was used to sew the edges of the moccasins together. As the day went on fingers were poked, stitches were taken out and replaced as the fog lingered over the fort. Over 6 thousand visitors came through the fort that day and learned the role Alaskans held at Fort Ross from 1812-1841.
On our final day, the moccasins took form as rabbit, otter, and beaver furs were used to bring the inner and outer layers together. As students finished their moccasins, we cheered and celebrated. Yet the true reason for our culture camp wasn’t the proudly worn moccasins. It was the community created by previously lonely Alaskans orphaned so far away from our culture. Not only did we learn a skill, we learned language and history, ate our native foods, and created lifelong friendships and plans for future gatherings.
Next Fort Ross Culture camp is July 24-26, 2018. Come join us!
And put Alaska Native Day on your calendar as well: May 19, 2018


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Refunds | Sales | Shipping | Terms and Conditions
Our 30-day returns guarantee means that if for any reason you are unhappy with your purchase, you can return it to us in its original condition within 30 days of the date you received the item, unopened (with any seals intact) and we will issue a full refund for the price you paid for the item. We can only accept the return of opened items if they are faulty.
We are unable to exchange items that are not damaged, defective or incorrect.
If the item was damaged in transit or if the item is faulty contact us through the contact page on this site and you can return the item(s) to us within 30 days of receipt for exchange.
As soon as you find out we've sent you an incorrect item contact us through the contact page on this site and we'll send you the correct item as soon as we can at no extra charge.
In the event of Lucy Baxandall sending you a replacement for a damaged, defective or wrong item, you must return the item to Lucy Baxandall within 30 days. Lucy Baxandall reserves the right to charge the price of the replacement item to the payment card used for the original order if you do not return the original item to us within 30 days of the date on which Lucy Baxandall confirms we will issue a replacement.
This returns policy does not affect your statutory rights.
Return to top | Refunds | Sales | Shipping | Terms and Conditions
Transactions are handled through paypal but you don't need a PayPal account to buy items. Any credit or debit card will do!
A SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT WORKSHOPS: THE STANDARD SHIPPING CHARGE WILL BE ADDED TO WORKSHOP PRICES, WHICH COVERS ALL MATERIALS AND THE MAILING OF DRIED PAPER TO YOUR HOME.
All our items are shipped using UK 1st Class Royal Mail. Costs for shipping items up to 1kg in weight are £2.50 within the UK up to a value of £50, and are £5 for all orders above £50. For shipping costs to the rest of the world, please contact us via the contact page. Please read Terms and Conditions before purchasing, and if in any doubt, send us a message on the contact page.
Return to top | Refunds | Sales | Terms and Conditions
We endeavour to post all items within 5 working days of an order being placed.
For UK customers we are sending the items Royal Mail First Class delivery and most items should arrive within 1-3 working days from dispatch. For all other customers items are sent by Royal Mail Airmail and should arrive within 5 working days.
When we have the items of your order in stock they are dispatched quickly. In the UK we use Royal Mail First Class Post, for exports we use standard Air Mail unless instructed otherwise. We send you an email when your order has been dispatched. If you are ordering from outside the EU, please contact us first for shipping rates.
On average:
This should not happen, but if it does, please contact us on the contact page and we will do all we can to reunite you with your item. Please allow 28 days for delivery before you contact us regarding a lost item.
Return to top | Refunds | Sales | Shipping | Terms and Conditions
All prices are in Pounds Sterling. As we're a UK registered company, this makes our taxes a whole lot easier. If you wish to convert Pounds into your local currency the following website will give you an indication of equivalent price: xe currency convertor
We only sell brand new products, not used items.
Most products are carried in stock and can be dispatched quickly. We will try and keep you informed of the progress of your order. When an item is pre-ordered and money is taken for that item (as we use Paypal, this is standard), an expected shipping date will be communicated explicitly with the customer.
When we have the items of your order in stock it is dispatched quickly. In the UK we use Royal Mail First Class Post, for exports we use standard Air Mail unless instructed otherwise. We send you an email when your order has been dispatched.
On average:
Find the item you want to buy, add it to your cart and pay for it. You will receive an order confirmation once your order has been accepted; [this email will tell you that you're due to receive a second email when we dispatch your order.]
We use Paypal to process our transactions. They're reliable and you don't need an account in order to use them.
If you want to cancel your order, please notify us as soon as possible through the contact page. It may be that your order has already been dispatched so we are unable to stop it. We cannot guarantee to cancel items from an order.
All items are guaranteed to be brand new and should reach you in perfect condition.
We will only replace items that are defective, or sent in error. Please see our Refund Policy for more information.
This is subject to you notifying us within five working days of receipt of the goods and giving a description of the damage / defect. Do not send items back without our permission. Report faulty items via the contact page and we will send you return instructions.
These conditions are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales. You agree, as we do, to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts.
Return to top | Refunds | Sales | Shipping | Terms and Conditions


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|
CUTLASS
CUDA Templates for Linear Algebra Subroutines and Solvers
|
#include <mma_base.h>
Classes | |
| class | SharedStorage |
| Shared storage object needed by threadblock-scoped GEMM. More... | |
Public Types | |
| using | Shape = Shape_ |
| Policy describing tuning details. More... | |
| using | Policy = Policy_ |
| using | Operator = typename Policy::Operator |
| Warp-level Mma. More... | |
| using | WarpGemm = typename Policy::Operator::Shape |
| using | WarpCount = GemmShape< Shape::kM/WarpGemm::kM, Shape::kN/WarpGemm::kN, Shape::kK/WarpGemm::kK > |
| Shape describing the number of warps filling the CTA. More... | |
| using | TensorRefA = TensorRef< typename Operator::ElementA, typename Operator::LayoutA > |
| Tensor reference to the A operand. More... | |
| using | TensorRefB = TensorRef< typename Operator::ElementB, typename Operator::LayoutB > |
| Tensor reference to the B operand. More... | |
Public Member Functions | |
| CUTLASS_DEVICE | MmaBase (SharedStorage &shared_storage, int thread_idx, int warp_idx, int lane_idx) |
| Construct from tensor references. More... | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static int const | kWarpGemmIterations |
| Number of warp-level GEMM oeprations. More... | |
| static int const | kStages = Stages |
| Number of stages. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
| Operator::IteratorA | warp_tile_iterator_A_ |
| Iterator to load a warp-scoped tile of A operand from shared memory. More... | |
| Operator::IteratorB | warp_tile_iterator_B_ |
| Iterator to load a warp-scoped tile of B operand from shared memory. More... | |
Structure to compute the matrix product targeting CUDA cores and SIMT math instructions.
| using cutlass::gemm::threadblock::MmaBase< Shape_, Policy_, Stages, Enable >::Operator = typename Policy::Operator |
| using cutlass::gemm::threadblock::MmaBase< Shape_, Policy_, Stages, Enable >::Policy = Policy_ |
| using cutlass::gemm::threadblock::MmaBase< Shape_, Policy_, Stages, Enable >::Shape = Shape_ |
| using cutlass::gemm::threadblock::MmaBase< Shape_, Policy_, Stages, Enable >::TensorRefA = TensorRef<typename Operator::ElementA, typename Operator::LayoutA> |
| using cutlass::gemm::threadblock::MmaBase< Shape_, Policy_, Stages, Enable >::TensorRefB = TensorRef<typename Operator::ElementB, typename Operator::LayoutB> |
| using cutlass::gemm::threadblock::MmaBase< Shape_, Policy_, Stages, Enable >::WarpCount = GemmShape<Shape::kM / WarpGemm::kM, Shape::kN / WarpGemm::kN, Shape::kK / WarpGemm::kK> |
| using cutlass::gemm::threadblock::MmaBase< Shape_, Policy_, Stages, Enable >::WarpGemm = typename Policy::Operator::Shape |
Shape describing the overall GEMM computed from shared memory by each warp.
|
inline |
| shared_storage | Shared storage needed for internal use by threadblock-scoped GEMM ID within the threadblock |
| thread_idx | ID of warp |
| warp_idx | ID of each thread within a warp |
|
static |
|
static |
|
protected |
|
protected |


bech32-buffer
Bech32 is a new Bitcoin address format proposed by Pieter Wuille and Greg Maxwell. Besides Bitcoin addresses, Bech32 can encode any short binary data.
Bech32 is a new Bitcoin address format proposed by Pieter Wuille and Greg Maxwell. Besides Bitcoin addresses, Bech32 can encode any short binary data.


"use strict";
"use strict";
A unidirectional GUI for interacting with RPN features. Uses a toy functional reactive implementation.
var rpn = require("../");
Instantiate this object and call render
to run the browser interface.
Element
s:window.requestAnimationFrame
.Returns BrowserApp instance.
function BrowserApp(elements, operators, raf) {
if (!(this instanceof BrowserApp)) {
return new BrowserApp(elements, operators);
}
this.state = {
For state that effects the view.
app: {
List of items in the stack (Array).
stack: [],
Timestamp indicating the last time a new word was submitted (Number).
lastSubmitted: null,
The error messsage (String).
error: null,
The default placeholder text for the input
placeholder: ""
},
Keep track of previous app state values.
previous: {},
Keeps track of state only needed by BrowserApp
.
internal: {
firstRender: false,
isRendering: false
}
};
this.elements = elements;
this.operators = operators;
this.raf = raf;
Setup the default placeholder text.
this.state.app.placeholder = "enter a number or any of " +
Object.keys(this.operators).join(" ");
return this;
}
Changes the app state and triggers a new render.
Returns null
BrowserApp.prototype.setState = function setState(k, v) {
this.state.app[k] = v;
this.render();
return null;
};
We need to clone the state because otherwise updating a key in the app state object would also effect the previous state. This is a toy solution, in production it's best to use some sort of immutable data structure.
Returns object.
BrowserApp.prototype.cloneState = function cloneState() {
Alias app state.
var as = this.state.app;
return {
.slice(0)
is a quick way to clone an array.
stack: as.stack.slice(0),
lastSubmitted: as.lastSubmitted,
error: as.error
};
};
render
helps batch state changes to prevent layout thrashing by only
calling functions that manipulate the dom on animation frames (by using
requestAnimationFrame
). Should be manually triggered when a new app is
instantiated. After that, it will be called each time the state updates.
Returns null
BrowserApp.prototype.render = function render() {
The internal state flag "isRendering" let's us safely ignore requests
triggered by multiple app state updates. It will be reset to false once
the _render
callback is called.
if (this.state.internal.isRendering) {
return null;
}
var self = this;
this.state.internal.isRendering = true;
this.raf(function renderCb() {
self._render(self.state.app, self.state.previous, self.elements);
});
return null;
};
Private rendering method. Triggers first time setup procedures, and refreshing the view.
Returns null.
BrowserApp.prototype._render = function _render() {
if (!this.state.internal.firstRender) {
this.setupEvents();
this.state.internal.firstRender = true;
}
refreshView(this.state.app, this.state.previous, this.elements);
this.state.previous = this.cloneState();
this.state.internal.isRendering = false;
return null;
};
BrowserApp.prototype.setupEvents = function setupEvents() {
Setup enter keypress event, which will usually trigger submit.
this.elements.input.addEventListener("keypress", Events.onKeypress.bind(this));
Setup button submit event.
this.elements.submit.addEventListener("click", Events.onSubmit.bind(this));
Setup button clear event.
this.elements.clear.addEventListener("click", Events.onClear.bind(this));
return null;
};
All DOM element manipulation is done within this function. It takes the current state, the previous state, and a list of dom elements, and then applies necessary changes to the DOM.
BrowserApp
function for more information.Returns null.
function refreshView(cstate, pstate, elements) {
if (cstate.lastSubmitted !== pstate.lastSubmitted) {
Clear the input if there has been a new submission
elements.input.value = "";
}
If the placeholder text has changed, update it
if (cstate.placeholder !== pstate.placeholder) {
elements.input.placeholder = cstate.placeholder;
}
If there has been an error, show it.
if (cstate.error && cstate.error !== pstate.error) {
elements.error.textContent = cstate.error;
} else {
Otherwise, clear the error if there was one.
if (cstate.error !== pstate.error) {
elements.error.textContent = "";
}
}
var lastDisplay;
if (!cstate.stack.length) {
lastDisplay = "";
} else {
lastDisplay = cstate.stack.slice(-1)[0];
}
If we wanted to further optimize this, there are a few things we could do. We could decide to only update this state if a new submission has been made (move it underneath the lastSubmitted conditional at the top). We could create a flag, or we could do a simple comparison on length. Depending on how that state gets updated in our app, each method has different tradeoffs. For now we'll choose the least optimized option, updating it anytime the state is updated.
elements.lastInStack.textContent = String(lastDisplay);
elements.fullStack.textContent = "[ " + cstate.stack.join(" ") + " ]";
return null;
}
Events are kept separate as a purely organizational choice. It is expected
that they will be called with BrowserApp
instance as their context.
var Events = {
Triggered when a new word is submitted, either through click or keypress.
Returns null.
onSubmit: function onSubmit(e) {
if (e && e.preventDefault) {
e.preventDefault();
}
var v = this.elements.input.value.trim();
If the input field is empty, we don't need any state updates.
if (!v) {
return null;
}
Otherwise, we can definitely call this a submission.
this.setState("lastSubmitted", timestamp());
Run validation.
var valid = rpn.validation.validate(v, this.state.app.stack, Object.keys(this.operators));
if (valid.error) {
this.setState("error", valid.message);
} else {
Clear any errors and create the new stack, careful to cast the string to a number if it's of that type.
var stackAddition;
if (valid.type === rpn.inputTypes.NUMBER) {
stackAddition = [Number(v)];
} else {
stackAddition = [v];
}
var newStack = rpn.calculate(this.state.app.stack.concat(stackAddition),
this.operators);
this.setState("error", null);
this.setState("stack", newStack);
}
return null;
},
onClear: function onClear() {
this.setState("stack", []);
return null;
},
Triggered when the user presses a key.
Returns null.
onKeypress: function onKeypress(e) {
if (e.keyCode === 13) {
Events.onSubmit.call(this, e);
}
return null;
}
};
function timestamp() {
return (new Date()).getTime();
}
module.exports = BrowserApp;


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Install on Host¶
This page gives instructions on how to build and install the MerlinDSE package from scratch on Linux systems.
To get started, clone the repo from github.
git clone https://github.com/falcon-computing/Merlin_DSE.git
Package Installation¶
There are two ways to install the package:
- Method 1
This method is recommended for developers who may change the codes.
Set the environment variable PYTHONPATH to tell python where to find the library. For example, assume we cloned MerlinDSE on the home directory ~. then we can added the following line in ~/.bashrc. The changes will be immediately reflected once you pull the code and rebuild the project (no need to call
setup
again).export PYTHONPATH=$HOME/MerlinDSE:${PYTHONPATH}
- Method 2
Install the python bindings by setup.py:
# install package for the current user # NOTE: if you installed python via homebrew, --user is not needed during installaiton # it will be automatically installed to your user directory. # providing --user flag may trigger error during installation in such case. cd MerlinDSE; python3 setup.py install --user
Python dependencies¶
Necessary dependencies:
pip install -r dev_reqs.txt