Turing Tunes uses randomly generated Turing machines to produce
sequences of musical notes, as a form of generative art. The musical
pieces generated are potentially infinite in length. You can create
your own pieces by pressing the "Generate" button above. The controls at
the top of the page can be used to adjust various parameters affecting
the way in which the music is generated. Don't know anything about
music theory? Don't worry: sensible defaults are provided.
Should you find a tune you like, and would like to share it online,
you can do so by copying the custom shareable URL above.


{% extends 'admin/cms/page/plugin_change_form.html' %} {% block top %} {# Description below taken from the Facebook site. #}
The Like button lets users share pages from your site back to their Facebook profile with one click.
{{ block.super }} {% endblock %}


We offer Fresh organic farm raised Vegatables!
We offer Fresh organic farm raised Vegatables!
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The rules of Pig Dice are simple. Each turn, a player repeatedly rolls a die until either a 1 is rolled or the
player decides to "hold":
• If the player rolls a 1, they score nothing and it becomes the next player's turn.
• If the player rolls any other number, it is added to their turn total and the player's turn continues.
• If a player chooses to "hold", their turn total is added to their score, and it becomes the next player's
turn.
The first player to score 100 or more points wins.
You have accumulated 15 points this turn. If you hold now, you will have a total of 69 points.
Roll again or hold?


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The increasing amount of debris orbiting Earth could potentially limit our access
to space, impacting not only exploration efforts, but routine aspects of our life on Earth.
This web app is a response to the NASA Space apps challenge: to develop an open-source geospatial application that
displays and locates every known debris object orbiting Earth in real time.


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Hi, welcome to visit my personal pages. I am now a senior student major in software engineering in Tongji University.
However, when I was a freshman, I chose to major in mechanical and electronic. But not for long, I found I was interested in computer science and software development. Afterwards, I switched to Software Engineering, and that’s why I need to take one more year of basic courses after my freshman year. But I never regretted it, due to my great thirst of absorbing knowledge from what I’m interested in.
So that's why almost everything you can see in the correlated with programming. But coding is not my whole life, I also have other interests. I like design because I think it is the basis of solving problems, and it does exist everywhere in our life. I like to contact with users, listening to their requirements and advice, sharing our creativity to come up with a better solution. I like to involve in multi-disciplinary project, cooperating with people from different fields, to see the miraculous spark from the collision of different ideas and thinking modes. Human-Computer Interaction, which contains all of my interests, would undoubtedly be my best major.


Biography
The ability to push the competitors aside, A Major Company is the business to help your business.
With a workforce in the hundreds, A Major Company can fulfill all of your business needs.
Never give up. Never give in.
The ability to push the competitors aside, A Major Company is the business to help your business.
With a workforce in the hundreds, A Major Company can fulfill all of your business needs.
Never give up. Never give in.


This page has been replaced by Brave Collective Core Services, go to Services -> Mumble after signing in.


The main take away is that while the United States is more efficient in shipping, China has a greater opportunity for growth. If you want to grow a business faster, you might want to consider setting up a business in China, though you need to be ready for a tougher regulation and slow/inefficient logistics.
Comparing China and the US only, it appears that it is tougher to set up and operate a business in China due to the bureaucracy. Yet the cost to export/import is still cheaper in China.
Comparing China and the US only, it appears that it is tougher to set up and operate a business in China due to the bureaucracy. Yet the cost to export/import is still cheaper in China.
The logistics-performance index between China and United States shows that while two countries both have relatively efficient in ocean freight and shipping, it’s clear that the United States is more efficient in every aspect of the measurement that’s available.


|
CoreTweet
2.0.0-beta.2
Yet another .NET Twitter Library
|
Represents the coordinates that the geographic location with longitude and latitude points. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| Coordinates () | |
| Initializes a new instance of the CoreTweet.Coordinates class More... | |
| Coordinates (double longitude, double latitude) | |
| Initializes a new instance of the CoreTweet.Coordinates class More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| double | Longitude => this._coordinates[0] |
| Gets or sets the longitude of the location. More... | |
| double | Latitude => this._coordinates[1] |
| Gets or sets the latitude of the location. More... | |
Properties | |
| string | Type [get, set] |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Static Public Member Functions inherited from CoreTweet.Core.CoreBase | |
| static T | Convert< T > (string json, string jsonPath="") |
| Converts the JSON to a twitter object of the specified type. More... | |
| static List< T > | ConvertArray< T > (string json, string jsonPath) |
Represents the coordinates that the geographic location with longitude and latitude points.
|
inline |
Initializes a new instance of the CoreTweet.Coordinates class
|
inline |
Initializes a new instance of the CoreTweet.Coordinates class
| longitude | The longitude. |
| latitude | The latitude. |
| double CoreTweet.Coordinates.Latitude => this._coordinates[1] |
Gets or sets the latitude of the location.
| double CoreTweet.Coordinates.Longitude => this._coordinates[0] |
Gets or sets the longitude of the location.
|
getset |
Gets or sets the type of data encoded in the coordinates property.
This will be "Point" for Tweet coordinates fields.


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14 May 1999
Disease Outbreak Reported
WHO has investigated recent reports of suspected viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) in soldiers returning to Zimbabwe from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three suspected cases have been admitted to two hospitals. The soldiers became ill in the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and are reported to have had fever with chills, diarrhoea and headache. They had not been in or near the Marburg virus outbreak area of Watsa. In addition, there is no evidence that the soldiers had haemorrhagic features that would be consistent with VHF.
Blood samples from the three soldiers were sent to the National Institute for Virology (South Africa) and have been found negative for Marburg and Ebola in a range of tests.


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Color Picker Using Slider Widgets
Change sliders to update the background color of box (note: the box is visually left of the 3 slider controls), with the HEX color value in a form control.
Horizontal Sliders
Red
Green
Blue
Color Box
Keyboard Support
| Key | Function |
|---|---|
| Right and Up Arrow | Increase slide value by increment value |
| Left and Down Arrow | Decrease slide value by increment value |
| Page Up Arrow | Increase slide value by jump value |
| Page Down Arrow | Decrease slide value by jump value |
| Home | Set slider to minimum value |
| End | Set slider to maximum value |
ARIA Roles, Properties and States
| Role | Property/State | Component | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| slider | thumb | Identify the widget as a slider | |
| aria-valuemax | thumb | Maximum value of the slider | |
| aria-valuemin | thumb | Minimum value of the slider | |
| aria-valuenow | thumb | Current value of the slider | |
| aria-labelledby | thumb | Reference to define a unique descriptive accessible name for each slider widget |
Source Code
- CSS: slider.css
- Javascript: slider.js


web devreferences & notes
partical sliderinteractive logo
two-upslideshow
bootcamp project:multi-pageresponsive site
bootcamp project:structure & textplanning
bootcamp project:a one pageresponsive website
bootcamp project:build a page froma Photoshop comp.
bootcamp project:magic 8 balljavascript project
bootcamp project:lolcat clockjavascript project
flexbox:responsive buttonsfor an ecommerce site
carousel witha modal &play/pause functionality
flexbox:'theme' layoutfor an ecommerce site
javascript:countdown clock ina responsive layout
javascript:code generatorfor an ecommerce site
flexbox:responsive 'rules'for an ecommerce site
modal & cta overlayfor an ecommerce site
flexbox:responsive marketing layoutsfor anecommerce site
flexbox:responsive column layout for anecommerce site
flexbox:intricate responsive responsive layoutfor an ecommerce site
flexbox:flex order for an ecommerce site
responsive layoutwith slider


{% load static %}
{% block title%} Our Recipe Book{% endblock%}
Toggle navigation
Our Recipe Book
Yotams Race
Operations
Recipe List
Admin
{% block body_block %}{% endblock %}
{% block footer_block %}{% endblock %}


Thirteen Days (2000) Kevin Costner, Bruce Greenwood, Steven Culp, Dylan Baker, Michael Fairman, Henry Strozier, Frank Wood, Kevin Conway, Tim Kelleher, Len Cariou, Bill Smitrovich, Dakin Matthews, Madison Mason, Christopher Lawford, Ed Lauter, Elya Baskin, Boris Lee Krutonog, Peter White, James Karen, Timothy Jerome, Olek Krupa, Lucinda Jenney, Oleg Vidov, Stephanie Romanov. Screenplay by David Self, based on the book "The Kennedy Tapes – Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis," edited by Ernest R. May, Philip D. Zelikow. Directed by Roger Donaldson. 144 minutes Rated PG-13, 3 stars (out of five stars)
Review by Ed Johnson-Ott, NUVO Newsweekly www.nuvo.com Archive reviews at http://us.imdb.com/ReviewsBy?Edward+Johnson-Ott To receive reviews by e-mail at no charge, send subscription requests to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with the word "subscribe" in the subject line.
When the Cuban missile crisis happened in 1962, I was too little to understand the particulars. I remember sitting on the carpet in front of our black and white TV while John F. Kennedy spoke in solemn tones about the conflict. Afterwards, my father looked grim and my mother unusually anxious as they discussed what the young president had said. In bed that night, I tried unsuccessfully to sort it out. All I really knew was that a face-off was occurring over Russian rockets and, if somebody didn't back down, there was a good chance that the world would come to an end.
"Thirteen Days" provides a flawed but gripping look at the United States' side of the crisis and shows that the men in the White House were just as scared as I was. We see events primarily through the eyes of presidential aide Kenny O'Donnell (Kevin Costner), a former classmate of Bobby Kennedy and a close friend and confidant of both the Kennedy boys. There are positives and negatives to the "World According to Kenny" storytelling motif. On the plus side, it keeps the focus firmly on the inner circle, establishing and maintaining a unique intensity. By following O'Donnell, the filmmakers can offer personal observations and glimpses of family life without concocting situations or exchanges for John or Bobby Kennedy.
But the approach puts blinders on the audience similar to those that were on the President and his advisors. Amazingly, there was no direct line between the White House and the Kremlin in those days. For the most part, messages were filtered through public speeches and private meetings with ambassadors. On October 16, 1962, when U.S. aerial spy photographs revealed the presence of Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles in Cuba, the White House saw what Russia was doing, but had no idea why.
And neither does the audience. The truth is that, after dealing with President Kennedy at a summit meeting, Soviet Premier Khrushchev dismissed our commander in chief as a lightweight and decided that the USSR could get away with such a daring stunt. That's an important piece of information that we never hear during "Thirteen Days." In fact, over the course of the film's 144 minutes, we never get any specifics on the Russian leader's mindset.
It's not as if the facts were unavailable. A number of documentaries depict the goings-on in both Washington and Moscow, as did ABC in the early '70s, when the network presented "The Missiles of October," a well-received dramatization starring William Devane as John Kennedy, Martin Sheen as Bobby and Howard da Silva as Khrushchev.
While the filmmakers behind "Thirteen Days" would likely argue that their approach makes dramatic sense, I believe the film would not have suffered by presenting a complete view. At the very least, why not include substantial informative crawls at the beginning and the end of the story?
The production has a few other problems. After watching the long, remarkably effective music-free stretch in "Cast Away," I was acutely aware of the scoring here. When the screen is filled with characters heatedly discussing the fact that nuclear war could break out at any time, do we really need orchestral cues to feel tense? I think not. And why, oh why, does the film periodically shift from color to black and white?
Speaking of needless affectations, what about Kevin Costner's Boston accent? The oft-maligned actor told an interviewer, "Luckily, Ken's accent wasn't as strong as the Kennedys' accent, but I still studied hard because I know I did a really lousy accent in 'Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves' and I didn't want to take that kind of heat again." Apparently, old habits die hard, because, despite his protestations, Kevin offers a repeat performance. He starts the film with a broad, metallic accent, then fades into his standard Malibu Ken mode. Sadly, the brassy Boston accent pops up throughout the film, mostly during family scenes that were probably shot together early in the production.
Accents aside, Costner does fine work, adjusting his style so that he doesn't overshadow the principals. As for the lead characters, Steven Kulp is strong as Bobby Kennedy, projecting a sense of great energy being contained by propriety, while Bruce Greenwood, neatly underplaying his role, creates a John F. Kennedy that feels like a real person instead of a cultural icon. Impressive. The supporting cast is sturdy, with Michael Fairman a standout as U.N. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson.
Despite its problems, "Thirteen Days" offers a chilling look at how close to destruction our world came in 1962. Hopefully, those who appreciate the film will seek out additional information so they can learn what happened on the instigator's side of this life and death chess match as well.
© 2001 Ed Johnson-Ott
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.apache.distributedlog.exceptions |
Defines exceptions used across distributedlog project.
|
| org.apache.distributedlog.lock |
Distributed locking mechanism in distributedlog
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
AlreadyClosedException
Thrown when any distributedlog resources have already been closed.
|
class |
AlreadyTruncatedTransactionException
Thrown when the transaction Id specified in the API is in the range that has already been truncated.
|
class |
BKTransmitException
Thrown when the send to bookkeeper fails.
|
class |
ChecksumFailedException
Exception thrown when checksum failures occurred.
|
class |
DLClientClosedException
Exceptions thrown when a distributedlog client is closed.
|
class |
DLIllegalStateException
Signals that a method has been invoked at an illegal or inappropriate time.
|
class |
DLInterruptedException
An interrupted exception wrapper indicates dl operations are interrupted.
|
class |
EndOfLogSegmentException
Exception thrown when reach end of the log segment.
|
class |
EndOfStreamException
Exception thrown when a reader reaches end of a sealed log stream.
|
class |
FlushException
Exception indicates that errors occurred on flushing data.
|
class |
InternalServerException
Exception indicates that there is an internal error at distributedlog service side.
|
class |
InvalidEnvelopedEntryException
Exception thrown when encounter invalid enveloped entry.
|
class |
InvalidStreamNameException
Exception is thrown when encountered invalid log stream.
|
class |
LockCancelledException
A lock is cancelled when waiting for locking a stream.
|
class |
LockingException
Exception when a log writer attempts to acquire a lock to write data to the stream.
|
class |
LogEmptyException
Exceptions are thrown when attempt to read a log stream that doesn't have any records.
|
class |
LogExistsException
Exception thrown on creating a log stream but the log stream already exists.
|
class |
LogNotFoundException
Exception is thrown when a reader attempts to read a log stream that doesn't exist.
|
class |
LogReadException
Thrown when there's a failure to read an edit log op from disk when loading
edits.
|
class |
LogRecordTooLongException
Exception is thrown when attempting to write a record whose size is too larger.
|
class |
LogSegmentIsTruncatedException
Exception is thrown when reading data from a truncated log segment.
|
class |
LogSegmentNotFoundException
Exception on log segment not found.
|
class |
MetadataException
Exception is thrown when encountering metadata errors.
|
class |
NotYetImplementedException
Exception is thrown when a method is not implemented yet.
|
class |
OverCapacityException
Exception is thrown when the system is over capacity.
|
class |
OwnershipAcquireFailedException
Exception is thrown when a log writer attempt to acquire a lock.
|
class |
ReadCancelledException
Signals that a read request has been cancelled.
|
class |
RegionUnavailableException
Exception indicates that the service is not available in one region.
|
class |
RequestDeniedException
Signals that a request has been denied at the server.
|
class |
RetryableReadException
Signals that a read request can be retried..
|
class |
ServiceUnavailableException
Exception indicates that the service is unavailable at the server side.
|
class |
StreamNotReadyException
Exception is thrown when a log stream is not ready on server side for serving the write requests.
|
class |
StreamUnavailableException
Exception thrown when a stream is not available for serving traffic.
|
class |
TooManyStreamsException
Signals that a server has been serving too many streams.
|
class |
TransactionIdOutOfOrderException
An exception is thrown when a log writer attempts to write a record with out-of-order transaction id.
|
class |
UnexpectedException
An
UnexpectedException is thrown when encountering unexpected conditions. |
class |
UnsupportedMetadataVersionException
Exception is thrown when found unsupported metadata version.
|
class |
WriteCancelledException
Signals when a write request is cancelled.
|
class |
WriteException
An exception on writing log records.
|
class |
ZKException
TODO: move ZKException to distributedlog-protocol
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static DLException |
DLException.of(org.apache.distributedlog.thrift.service.ResponseHeader response) |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
EpochChangedException
Exception indicates that epoch already changed when executing a given
LockAction . |
class |
LockClosedException
Exception indicates that the lock was closed (unlocked) before the lock request could complete.
|
class |
LockSessionExpiredException
Exception indicates that the lock's zookeeper session was expired before the lock request could complete.
|
class |
LockStateChangedException
Exception thrown when lock state changed
|
class |
LockTimeoutException
Exception thrown when acquiring lock timeout
|
Copyright © 2016-2017 The Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved.


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Harley-Davidson reports strong margins, sales drop in Q2
Harley-Davidson, Inc. reported its second quarter 2017 results, with worldwide motorcycle retail sales seeing a 6.7 percent decrease as compared to the same period in 2016. The company’s diluted EPS decreased 4.5 percent to $1.48 compared to $1.55 in the second quarter of 2016. Second quarter net income was $258.9 million on consolidated revenue of $1.77 billion versus ...
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Educate your staff: Invest in knowledge
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2017 Market Data Book
The 15th annual Powersports Business Market Data Book includes: side-by-side global market share and sales trends; the PSB/CycleTrader Dealer Survey; wholesale price averages for ATV, side-by-side, scooter and motorcycle; U.S motorcycle and side-by-side registrations; dealer key performance indicators; dealer expense trends; average gross margin percentage on new units; wholesale seasonal pricing by segment for 2016; wholesale powersports seasonal volume; 2017 first-quarter sales by segment; 2016 vs. 2015 sales by segment; U.S. market share in various segments; and much more. NEW data for 2017 includes: 2016 industry data from Statistical Surveys Inc., motorcycle and ATV seasonality charts, top motorcycle sales states, top snowmobile sales states and Canadian provinces and KBB.com’s top-searched OEMs per vehicle category.
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2017 Q1 PSB/BMO Capital Markets Dealer Survey
The Powersports Business quarterly survey of powersports dealerships in the U.S. and Canada is the most comprehensive survey of its kind in the industry. The Q1 2017 survey was prepared in conjunction with BMO Capital Markets. The Q1 2017 survey includes questions related to revenue; business conditions; inventory levels; new and pre-owned unit sales; P&A sales; service sales; F&I sales; customer traffic; customer buying interest; and more.
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Register for the 2017 State of the Industry Webinar
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|
2016 Power 50
Check out the list of 2016 Power 50 dealers, who are leading the industry by providing an exceptional retailing experience.
Read More
|
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When you can't statically link, manifest 2008/01/14
Manifest (verb): To embed XML describing libraries which are expected to be available at runtime, done in the course of developing software using Microsoft Visual Studio.
The wisdom of the collective T-Rex (#xulrunner
on irc.mozilla.org
) says that statically linking against the Microsoft C Runtime (msvcr80.dll
and friends) is the way to go. However I've run into a case where I cannot do this (deciding whether this is due to technical limitations or lack of competence is for readers to help me decide).
The image processing component of the Flickr Uploadr links against GraphicsMagick and Exiv2, libraries that do image processing and EXIF/IPTC metadata processing, respectively. Without them, it doesn't fly. Problem is, they both link the C Runtime themselves by using std::string
and such. Both of these libraries will build fine given the /MT
flag, which instructs them to statically link the C Runtime.  It seems that the static linker can't resolve the duplicate definitions caused by overzealous static linking.
The solution, as it stands, is simply to include the C Runtime and its manifest in the distribution. Placing the following files in Uploadr's components/
directory has allowed life to go on for the moment.
msvcr80.dll
msvcp80.dll
msvcm80.dll
Microsoft.VC80.CRT.manifest
Lastly, make sure your XPCOM project in Visual Studio is set to embed its manifest from Project Properties » Manifest Tool » Input and Output » Embed Manifest.
A more optimal solution might be to combine the Visual Studio projects for GraphicsMagick (and therefore libjpeg, etc), Exiv2 and the XPCOM component into one large tree that Visual Studio might be able to better manage. Has anyone out there done such a thing with Microsoft's static linker (even if not with XULRunner)?
Comments (3)
Yeah, the CRT linkage is a mess. You can go have a look at bug 415928 for my most recent battles with it. Odds are you need to do something similar to get these libs to link properly. It is, in fact, a giant pain.
— Ted Mielczarek — 2008/02/14 6:02 am
I ran into a similar problem when trying to create a binary mozilla component that has other (non-mozilla) library dependencies.
I was stuck on this until I ran across your article here, which helped me to get a workaround solution (though I admit that I still do not understand it all).
I followed your method above (thanks for blogging it), but I found that I only had to include the "Microsoft.VC80.CRT.manifest" file itself, and did not require the actual msvc*.dll files at all. My extension component then works in Firefox/XulRunner on clean installs of Windows 2000 and XP, without the need to install the VC redistributable files.
This may work for your case as well...
— Todd Whiteman — 2008/02/25 10:50 am
Struggling with this one here.. I tool may just be overly dense.. you decide.
Situation: Using VS2008 creating a managed C++ DLL to be deployed to Vista environment that won't have the VS2008 runtime installed.
I set the manifest name in Project Properties » Manifest Tool » Input and Output » Embed Manifest (I assume I specify the file name in Project Properties » Manifest Tool » Input and Output » Additional Manifest Files). I left the options in Project Properties » Linker » Manifest File alone.
But when I build my DLL, and check the dependencies, it's still showing the "Microsoft.VC90.DebugCRT" as a dependent assembly in the build-generated manifest.
I'm all confused now...
— Tony B. — 2008/04/29 6:09 pm


UCloudCameraCode Constants Reference
| Declared in | UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h |
|---|
UCloudCameraCode
Definition
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UCloudCameraCode ) {
UCloudCamera_COMPLETED = 0,
UCloudCamera_FILE_SIZE = 1,
UCloudCamera_FILE_DURATION = 2,
UCloudCamera_CUR_POS = 3,
UCloudCamera_CUR_TIME = 4,
UCloudCamera_URL_ERROR = 5,
UCloudCamera_OUT_FAIL = 6,
UCloudCamera_STARTED = 7,
UCloudCamera_READ_AUD_ERROR = 8,
UCloudCamera_READ_VID_ERROR = 9,
UCloudCamera_OUTPUT_ERROR = 10,
UCloudCamera_STOPPED = 11,
UCloudCamera_READ_AUD_EOS = 12,
UCloudCamera_READ_VID_EOS = 13,
UCloudCamera_BUFFER_OVERFLOW = 14,
UCloudCamera_SecretkeyNil = 15,
UCloudCamera_DomainNil = 16,
UCloudCamera_AuthFail = 17,
UCloudCamera_ServerIpError = 18,
UCloudCamera_PreviewOK = 19,
UCloudCamera_PublishOk = 20,
UCloudCamera_StartPublish = 21,
UCloudCamera_DigError = 22,
UCloudCamera_AlreadyPublish = 23,
UCloudCamera_CannotConnect = 24,
UCloudCamera_DisConnected = 25,
UCloudCamera_Permission = 998,
UCloudCamera_Micphone = 999,
};
Constants
UCloudCamera_COMPLETED
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_FILE_SIZE
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_FILE_DURATION
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_CUR_POS
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_CUR_TIME
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_URL_ERROR
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_OUT_FAIL
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_STARTED
-
推流开始
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_READ_AUD_ERROR
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_READ_VID_ERROR
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_OUTPUT_ERROR
-
推流错误
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_STOPPED
-
推流停止
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_READ_AUD_EOS
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_READ_VID_EOS
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_BUFFER_OVERFLOW
-
推流上行带宽不足
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_SecretkeyNil
-
SDK 密钥为空
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_DomainNil
-
推流域名为空
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_AuthFail
-
SDK 鉴权失败
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_ServerIpError
-
SDK 鉴权返回IP列表为空
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_PreviewOK
-
预览视图准备好
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_PublishOk
-
底层推流配置完毕
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_StartPublish
-
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_DigError
-
SDK dig错误
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_AlreadyPublish
-
推流ID已被占用
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_CannotConnect
-
推流url对应的服务器连接失败
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_DisConnected
-
服务器连接异常断开
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_Permission
-
摄像头权限
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
. UCloudCamera_Micphone
-
麦克风权限
Declared In
UCloudRecorderTypeDef.h
.


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A simple tweening library powered by TypeScript made for game dev for those who like their code to be type-safe and explicit in what it does.
This library was written in TypeScript but will also work in projects written in JavaScript.
Add it to your project via:
npm i --save evidently-tweens
The full documentation can be found here.
An example of using tweens:
import {TweenParallel} from "./TweenParallel";
import {TweenAnimate} from "./TweenAnimate";
import {TweenSequence} from "./TweenSequence";
import {TweenCallback} from "./TweenCallback";
import {TweenSleep} from "./TweenSleep";
const tween = new TweenParallel(
() => console.log("Finished!"),
new TweenAnimate(500, 0, 100, i => console.log(i)),
new TweenSequence(
undefined,
new TweenCallback(() => console.log("Started!")),
new TweenSleep(130),
new TweenCallback(() => console.log("Yawn :3"))
)
);
while (!tween.isFinished) {
tween.advance(50);
}
Which will produce the following output in the console:
10
Started!
20
30
Yawn :3
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Finished!
advance()
on a tween instance to run it for specific amount of time.advance()
method accepts the duration for which the tweens should run and returns the amount of time consumed by that tween. For example, given a sleep tween with duration=50
, if you call advance(60)
on it, it will return 10
, because the 50 units of duration were used to run the tween.TweenSleep
which does nothing for the requested amount of duration (useful in TweenSequence
or with a finished callback)TweenCallback
which instantly calls a function (useful in TweenSequence
) and takes 0 duration.TweenAwait
which every time it runs calls a function, and if the function returns true it finishes. Takes 0 duration when it passes or all the available duration when it doesn't.TweenAnimate
animates a number with optional easing from certain value to another.TweenParallel
runs multiple tweens at the same time. On each run, advance()
will return the amount of duration consumed by the longest tween in it, or 0 if there were no tweens to run.TweenSequence
runs tweens one after another. Any duration left from the execution of one tween will immediately be used on the next one. Thus, a single sequence with five TweenCallback
s in it will run all of them in the sigle call to advance()
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE.md file for details
Generated using TypeDoc


cross-platform-launcher-plugin
Last Published: 2019-06-19
|
Version: 1.3.0
Overview
Introduction
Goals
Usage
FAQ
Examples
Examples Index
Mac OS X
Windows
Linux
JNI with the NAR Plugin
Overview
The following is the distribution management information used by this project.
Repository - sonatype-nexus-staging
https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/
Snapshot Repository - sonatype-nexus-snapshots
https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots


Necessary modules to be able to define a mechanism are:
- mec2.core
- mec2.model
- mec2.nodes
- mec2.constraints
All of them have to be imported for mec-2
to be usable.
It is mandatory for the core
module to be loaded first.
Please note that the mec2.js
and mec2.min.js
in the root of the project contain all modules, so no further imports are necessary.
Core #
The core
module contains the central mec
object on which all other modules build upon.
It provides the mechanism with:
- Parameters for numerical tolerances.
- Color modes (dark/light) and colors for the individual parts.
- Unit conversion functionality.
- An infrastructure for validation messages.
- Central configuration properties to show and hide certain elements.
- Centralized analyzing parameters for used metrics in calculations.
It is advised to use the properties given by the central mec
object to minimize the overhead when changing the environment. Especially the analyzing capabilities minimize unit errors.
A mec
model is respectively used as environment (env
) for all models which are extended through it.
Model #
By importing mec.model
, the model
property is added to the mec
object.
This property provides the extend
function, which is designed
to assign mec
's prototype and thereby all functionality onto a provided
model
object.
It is recommended to issue model.extend
as early as possible to apply all required capabilities to the mechanism.
An empty model which is extended by mec.model
references the mec
by its env
property.
The mechanism model gets a lot of properties which are important for a mechanism:
- Operations on nodes, constraints, drives.
- Iteration functionality.
- Calculations for center of gravity.
- A timer.
- Ability to be drawn on a 2d context via g2.
Furthermore it provides the necessary infrastructure to call functions on
delegated modules;
e.g. by calling init
on the model
, the respective init
functions on all
underlying elements like nodes
, constraints
etc. are called.

For nodes and constraints (and all other modules) to be delegated in the model
it is of course necessary to import the respective modules.
Nodes #
nodes
are two dimensional particles.
They are described by the following properties:
id
- A unique id to identify single nodes. Ambiguities are not allowed.x
andy
- Cartesian coordinates in relation to the origin.base
- A boolean parameter which sets the weight to positive infinity (ground). Default:false
.mass
- An optional parameter to set the mass of the node. Default: 1kg. Please note thatmass
can not be 0.
Velocity and acceleration can not be determined beforehand, but they are calculated in the simulation process and can be fetched at all times.
There are no interactions between nodes, except the ones defined by constraints
, therefore nodes
have two degrees of freedom if they are unconstrained.
To get an idea of the implementation of nodes the following code suffices to draw them on a dedicated context.
{
"nodes": [
{ "id": "A0", "x": 75, "y": 100, "base": true },
{ "id": "A", "x": 75, "y": 150 },
{ "id": "B", "x": 275, "y": 220 },
{ "id": "B0", "x": 275, "y": 100, "base": true },
{ "id": "C", "x": 125, "y": 225 }
]
}
Constraints #
constraints
define the type of interactions of two nodes
.
Provided a pair of nodes
, constraints are defined by their id
, using them as properties p1
and p2
.
constraints
have two properties to limit the movement of the respective nodes
:
ori
: The constraint allows changes in orientation, but not in length.len
: The constraint allows changes in length, but not in orientation.
Both properties are given as objects, which have a at least a type
.
Without extra modules, the type
can be set as const
or free
, limiting the model in the respective range of motion. By the usage of other modules, e.g. mec2.drive
the type can be set as drive
, to force a specific motion.
| length | const | free | const | free |
| orientation | const | const | free | free |
| DOF* | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
*degree of freedom #
Constraints are made available by importing the mec2.constraints
module.
{
"nodes": [
{ "id": "A0", "x": 75, "y": 100, "base": true },
{ "id": "A", "x": 75, "y": 150 },
{ "id": "B", "x": 275, "y": 220 },
{ "id": "B0", "x": 275, "y": 100, "base": true },
{ "id": "C", "x": 125, "y": 225 }
],
"constraints": [
{ "id": "a", "p1": "A0", "p2": "A", "len": { "type":"const" } },
{ "id": "b", "p1": "A", "p2": "B", "len": { "type":"const" } },
{ "id": "c", "p1": "B0", "p2": "B", "len": { "type":"const" } },
{ "id": "d", "p1": "B", "p2": "C","len": { "type":"const" },
"ori": { "ref": "b", "type": "const" } }
]
}


Vim documentation: usr_25
main help file*usr_25.txt* For Vim version 7.2. Last change: 2007 May 11 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar Editing formatted text Text hardly ever comes in one sentence per line. This chapter is about breaking sentences to make them fit on a page and other formatting. Vim also has useful features for editing single-line paragraphs and tables. |25.1| Breaking lines |25.2| Aligning text |25.3| Indents and tabs |25.4| Dealing with long lines |25.5| Editing tables Next chapter: |usr_26.txt| Repeating Previous chapter: |usr_24.txt| Inserting quickly Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt|
*25.1* Breaking lines Vim has a number of functions that make dealing with text easier. By default, the editor does not perform automatic line breaks. In other words, you have to press <Enter> yourself. This is useful when you are writing programs where you want to decide where the line ends. It is not so good when you are creating documentation and want the text to be at most 70 character wide. If you set the 'textwidth' option, Vim automatically inserts line breaks. Suppose, for example, that you want a very narrow column of only 30 characters. You need to execute the following command: :set textwidth=30 Now you start typing (ruler added): 1 2 3<PHONE_NUMBER>1234567890123456789012345 I taught programming for a whi If you type "l" next, this makes the line longer than the 30-character limit. When Vim sees this, it inserts a line break and you get the following: 1 2 3<PHONE_NUMBER>1234567890123456789012345 I taught programming for a whil Continuing on, you can type in the rest of the paragraph: 1 2 3<PHONE_NUMBER>1234567890123456789012345 I taught programming for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. You do not have to type newlines; Vim puts them in automatically. Note: The 'wrap' option makes Vim display lines with a line break, but this doesn't insert a line break in the file. REFORMATTING The Vim editor is not a word processor. In a word processor, if you delete something at the beginning of the paragraph, the line breaks are reworked. In Vim they are not; so if you delete the word "programming" from the first line, all you get is a short line: 1 2 3<PHONE_NUMBER>1234567890123456789012345 I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. This does not look good. To get the paragraph into shape you use the "gq" operator. Let's first use this with a Visual selection. Starting from the first line, type: v4jgq "v" to start Visual mode, "4j' to move to the end of the paragraph and then the "gq" operator. The result is: 1 2 3<PHONE_NUMBER>1234567890123456789012345 I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. Note: there is a way to do automatic formatting for specific types of text layouts, see |auto-format|. Since "gq" is an operator, you can use one of the three ways to select the text it works on: With Visual mode, with a movement and with a text object. The example above could also be done with "gq4j". That's less typing, but you have to know the line count. A more useful motion command is "}". This moves to the end of a paragraph. Thus "gq}" formats from the cursor to the end of the current paragraph. A very useful text object to use with "gq" is the paragraph. Try this: gqap "ap" stands for "a-paragraph". This formats the text of one paragraph (separated by empty lines). Also the part before the cursor. If you have your paragraphs separated by empty lines, you can format the whole file by typing this: gggqG "gg" to move to the first line, "gqG" to format until the last line. Warning: If your paragraphs are not properly separated, they will be joined together. A common mistake is to have a line with a space or tab. That's a blank line, but not an empty line. Vim is able to format more than just plain text. See |fo-table| for how to change this. See the 'joinspaces' option to change the number of spaces used after a full stop. It is possible to use an external program for formatting. This is useful if your text can't be properly formatted with Vim's builtin command. See the 'formatprg' option.
*25.2* Aligning text To center a range of lines, use the following command: :{range}center [width] {range} is the usual command-line range. [width] is an optional line width to use for centering. If [width] is not specified, it defaults to the value of 'textwidth'. (If 'textwidth' is 0, the default is 80.) For example: :1,5center 40 results in the following: I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. RIGHT ALIGNMENT Similarly, the ":right" command right-justifies the text: :1,5right 37 gives this result: I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. LEFT ALIGNMENT Finally there is this command: :{range}left [margin] Unlike ":center" and ":right", however, the argument to ":left" is not the length of the line. Instead it is the left margin. If it is omitted, the text will be put against the left side of the screen (using a zero margin would do the same). If it is 5, the text will be indented 5 spaces. For example, use these commands: :1left 5 :2,5left This results in the following: I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. JUSTIFYING TEXT Vim has no built-in way of justifying text. However, there is a neat macro package that does the job. To use this package, execute the following command: :runtime macros/justify.vim This Vim script file defines a new visual command "_j". To justify a block of text, highlight the text in Visual mode and then execute "_j". Look in the file for more explanations. To go there, do "gf" on this name: $VIMRUNTIME/macros/justify.vim. An alternative is to filter the text through an external program. Example: :%!fmt
*25.3* Indents and tabs Indents can be used to make text stand out from the rest. The example texts in this manual, for example, are indented by eight spaces or a tab. You would normally enter this by typing a tab at the start of each line. Take this text: the first line the second line This is entered by typing a tab, some text, <Enter>, tab and more text. The 'autoindent' option inserts indents automatically: :set autoindent When a new line is started it gets the same indent as the previous line. In the above example, the tab after the <Enter> is not needed anymore. INCREASING INDENT To increase the amount of indent in a line, use the ">" operator. Often this is used as ">>", which adds indent to the current line. The amount of indent added is specified with the 'shiftwidth' option. The default value is 8. To make ">>" insert four spaces worth of indent, for example, type this: :set shiftwidth=4 When used on the second line of the example text, this is what you get: the first line the second line "4>>" will increase the indent of four lines. TABSTOP If you want to make indents a multiple of 4, you set 'shiftwidth' to 4. But when pressing a <Tab> you still get 8 spaces worth of indent. To change this, set the 'softtabstop' option: :set softtabstop=4 This will make the <Tab> key insert 4 spaces worth of indent. If there are already four spaces, a <Tab> character is used (saving seven characters in the file). (If you always want spaces and no tab characters, set the 'expandtab' option.) Note: You could set the 'tabstop' option to 4. However, if you edit the file another time, with 'tabstop' set to the default value of 8, it will look wrong. In other programs and when printing the indent will also be wrong. Therefore it is recommended to keep 'tabstop' at eight all the time. That's the standard value everywhere. CHANGING TABS You edit a file which was written with a tabstop of 3. In Vim it looks ugly, because it uses the normal tabstop value of 8. You can fix this by setting 'tabstop' to 3. But you have to do this every time you edit this file. Vim can change the use of tabstops in your file. First, set 'tabstop' to make the indents look good, then use the ":retab" command: :set tabstop=3 :retab 8 The ":retab" command will change 'tabstop' to 8, while changing the text such that it looks the same. It changes spans of white space into tabs and spaces for this. You can now write the file. Next time you edit it the indents will be right without setting an option. Warning: When using ":retab" on a program, it may change white space inside a string constant. Therefore it's a good habit to use "\t" instead of a real tab.
*25.4* Dealing with long lines Sometimes you will be editing a file that is wider than the number of columns in the window. When that occurs, Vim wraps the lines so that everything fits on the screen. If you switch the 'wrap' option off, each line in the file shows up as one line on the screen. Then the ends of the long lines disappear off the screen to the right. When you move the cursor to a character that can't be seen, Vim will scroll the text to show it. This is like moving a viewport over the text in the horizontal direction. By default, Vim does not display a horizontal scrollbar in the GUI. If you want to enable one, use the following command: :set guioptions+=b One horizontal scrollbar will appear at the bottom of the Vim window. If you don't have a scrollbar or don't want to use it, use these commands to scroll the text. The cursor will stay in the same place, but it's move back into the visible text if necessary. zh scroll right 4zh scroll four characters right zH scroll half a window width right ze scroll right to put the cursor at the end zl scroll left 4zl scroll four characters left zL scroll half a window width left zs scroll left to put the cursor at the start Let's attempt to show this with one line of text. The cursor is on the "w" of "which". The "current window" above the line indicates the text that is currently visible. The "window"s below the text indicate the text that is visible after the command left of it. |<-- current window -->| some long text, part of which is visible in the window ze |<-- window -->| zH |<-- window -->| 4zh |<-- window -->| zh |<-- window -->| zl |<-- window -->| 4zl |<-- window -->| zL |<-- window -->| zs |<-- window -->| MOVING WITH WRAP OFF When 'wrap' is off and the text has scrolled horizontally, you can use the following commands to move the cursor to a character you can see. Thus text left and right of the window is ignored. These never cause the text to scroll: g0 to first visible character in this line g^ to first non-blank visible character in this line gm to middle of this line g$ to last visible character in this line |<-- window -->| some long text, part of which is visible g0 g^ gm g$ BREAKING AT WORDS *edit-no-break* When preparing text for use by another program, you might have to make paragraphs without a line break. A disadvantage of using 'nowrap' is that you can't see the whole sentence you are working on. When 'wrap' is on, words are broken halfway, which makes them hard to read. A good solution for editing this kind of paragraph is setting the 'linebreak' option. Vim then breaks lines at an appropriate place when displaying the line. The text in the file remains unchanged. Without 'linebreak' text might look like this: +---------------------------------+ |letter generation program for a b| |ank. They wanted to send out a s| |pecial, personalized letter to th| |eir richest 1000 customers. Unfo| |rtunately for the programmer, he | +---------------------------------+ After: :set linebreak it looks like this: +---------------------------------+ |letter generation program for a | |bank. They wanted to send out a | |special, personalized letter to | |their richest 1000 customers. | |Unfortunately for the programmer,| +---------------------------------+ Related options: 'breakat' specifies the characters where a break can be inserted. 'showbreak' specifies a string to show at the start of broken line. Set 'textwidth' to zero to avoid a paragraph to be split. MOVING BY VISIBLE LINES The "j" and "k" commands move to the next and previous lines. When used on a long line, this means moving a lot of screen lines at once. To move only one screen line, use the "gj" and "gk" commands. When a line doesn't wrap they do the same as "j" and "k". When the line does wrap, they move to a character displayed one line below or above. You might like to use these mappings, which bind these movement commands to the cursor keys: :map <Up> gk :map <Down> gj TURNING A PARAGRAPH INTO ONE LINE If you want to import text into a program like MS-Word, each paragraph should be a single line. If your paragraphs are currently separated with empty lines, this is how you turn each paragraph into a single line: :g/./,/^$/join That looks complicated. Let's break it up in pieces: :g/./ A ":global" command that finds all lines that contain at least one character. ,/^$/ A range, starting from the current line (the non-empty line) until an empty line. join The ":join" command joins the range of lines together into one line. Starting with this text, containing eight lines broken at column 30: +----------------------------------+ |A letter generation program | |for a bank. They wanted to | |send out a special, | |personalized letter. | | | |To their richest 1000 | |customers. Unfortunately for | |the programmer, | +----------------------------------+ You end up with two lines: +----------------------------------+ |A letter generation program for a | |bank. They wanted to send out a s| |pecial, personalized letter. | |To their richest 1000 customers. | |Unfortunately for the programmer, | +----------------------------------+ Note that this doesn't work when the separating line is blank but not empty; when it contains spaces and/or tabs. This command does work with blank lines: :g/\S/,/^\s*$/join This still requires a blank or empty line at the end of the file for the last paragraph to be joined.
*25.5* Editing tables Suppose you are editing a table with four columns: nice table test 1 test 2 test 3 input A 0.534 input B 0.913 You need to enter numbers in the third column. You could move to the second line, use "A", enter a lot of spaces and type the text. For this kind of editing there is a special option: set virtualedit=all Now you can move the cursor to positions where there isn't any text. This is called "virtual space". Editing a table is a lot easier this way. Move the cursor by searching for the header of the last column: /test 3 Now press "j" and you are right where you can enter the value for "input A". Typing "0.693" results in: nice table test 1 test 2 test 3 input A 0.534 0.693 input B 0.913 Vim has automatically filled the gap in front of the new text for you. Now, to enter the next field in this column use "Bj". "B" moves back to the start of a white space separated word. Then "j" moves to the place where the next field can be entered. Note: You can move the cursor anywhere in the display, also beyond the end of a line. But Vim will not insert spaces there, until you insert a character in that position. COPYING A COLUMN You want to add a column, which should be a copy of the third column and placed before the "test 1" column. Do this in seven steps: 1. Move the cursor to the left upper corner of this column, e.g., with "/test 3". 2. Press CTRL-V to start blockwise Visual mode. 3. Move the cursor down two lines with "2j". You are now in "virtual space": the "input B" line of the "test 3" column. 4. Move the cursor right, to include the whole column in the selection, plus the space that you want between the columns. "9l" should do it. 5. Yank the selected rectangle with "y". 6. Move the cursor to "test 1", where the new column must be placed. 7. Press "P". The result should be: nice table test 3 test 1 test 2 test 3 input A 0.693 0.534 0.693 input B 0.913 Notice that the whole "test 1" column was shifted right, also the line where the "test 3" column didn't have text. Go back to non-virtual cursor movements with: :set virtualedit= VIRTUAL REPLACE MODE The disadvantage of using 'virtualedit' is that it "feels" different. You can't recognize tabs or spaces beyond the end of line when moving the cursor around. Another method can be used: Virtual Replace mode. Suppose you have a line in a table that contains both tabs and other characters. Use "rx" on the first tab: inp 0.693 0.534 0.693 | rx | V inpx0.693 0.534 0.693 The layout is messed up. To avoid that, use the "gr" command: inp 0.693 0.534 0.693 | grx | V inpx 0.693 0.534 0.693 What happens is that the "gr" command makes sure the new character takes the right amount of screen space. Extra spaces or tabs are inserted to fill the gap. Thus what actually happens is that a tab is replaced by "x" and then blanks added to make the text after it keep it's place. In this case a tab is inserted. When you need to replace more than one character, you use the "R" command to go to Replace mode (see |04.9|). This messes up the layout and replaces the wrong characters: inp 0 0.534 0.693 | R0.786 | V inp 0.78634 0.693 The "gR" command uses Virtual Replace mode. This preserves the layout: inp 0 0.534 0.693 | gR0.786 | V inp 0.786 0.534 0.693
Next chapter: |usr_26.txt| Repeating Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: top - main help file


pyto_ui¶
UI for scripts
The pyto_ui
module contains classes for building and presenting a native UI, in app or in the Today Widget.
This library’s API is very similar to UIKit.
Warning
This library requires iOS / iPadOS 13.
This library may have a lot of similarities with UIKit
, but subclassing isn’t supported very well. Instead of overriding methods, you will often need to set properties to a function. For properties, setters are what makes the passed value take effect, so instead of override the getter, you should just set properties. If you really want to subclass a View
, you can set properties from the initializer.
(Many docstrings are quoted from the Apple Documentation)
Getting Started¶
Each item presented on the screen is a View
object. This module contains many View
subclasses.
We can initialize a view like that:
import pyto_ui as ui
view = ui.View()
You can modify the view’s attributes, like background_color
for example:
view.background_color = ui.COLOR_SYSTEM_BACKGROUND
Then, call the show_view()
function to show the view:
ui.show_view(view, ui.PRESENTATION_MODE_SHEET)
A view will be presented, with the system background color, white or black depending on if the device has dark mode enabled or not. It’s important to set our view’s background color because it will be transparent if it’s not set. That looks great on widgets, but not in app.
NOTE: The thread will be blocked until the view is closed, but you can run code on another thread and modify the UI from there:
ui.show_view(view)
print("Closed") # This line will be called after the view is closed.
Now we have an empty view, the root view, we can add other views inside it, like a Button
:
button = ui.Button(title="Hello World!")
button.size = (100, 50)
button.center = (view.width/2, view.height/2)
button.flex = [
ui.FLEXIBLE_TOP_MARGIN,
ui.FLEXIBLE_BOTTOM_MARGIN,
ui.FLEXIBLE_LEFT_MARGIN,
ui.FLEXIBLE_RIGHT_MARGIN
]
view.add_subview(button)
We are creating a button with title “Hello World!”, with 100 as width and 50 as height. We place it at center, and we set flex
to have flexible margins so the button will always stay at center even if the root view will change its size.
To add an action to the button:
def button_pressed(sender):
sender.superview.close()
button.action = button_pressed
We define a function that takes the button as parameter and we pass it to the button’s action
property. The superview
property of the button is the view that contains it. With the close()
function, we close it.
So we have this code:
import pyto_ui as ui
def button_pressed(sender):
sender.superview.close()
view = ui.View()
view.background_color = ui.COLOR_SYSTEM_BACKGROUND
button = ui.Button(title="Hello World!")
button.size = (100, 50)
button.center = (view.width/2, view.height/2)
button.flex = [
ui.FLEXIBLE_TOP_MARGIN,
ui.FLEXIBLE_BOTTOM_MARGIN,
ui.FLEXIBLE_LEFT_MARGIN,
ui.FLEXIBLE_RIGHT_MARGIN
]
button.action = button_pressed
view.add_subview(button)
ui.show_view(view, ui.PRESENTATION_MODE_SHEET)
print("Hello World!")
When the button is clicked, the UI will be closed and “Hello World!” will be printed. UIs can be presented on the Today widget if you set the widget script.
API Reference¶
- Classes
- Functions
- Constants
- UI Elements Colors
- Standard Colors
- Fixed Colors
- Keyboard Appearance
- Keyboard Type
- Return Key Type
- Auto Capitalization
- Font Text Style
- Font Size
- Button Type
- Gesture Type
- Gesture State
- Touch Type
- Auto Resizing
- Content Mode
- Horizontal Alignment
- Vertical Alignment
- Text Alignment
- Line Break Mode
- Table View Cell Style
- Accessory Type
- Table View Style
- Text Field Border Style
- Button Item Style
- System Item
- Presentation Mode
- Appearance


FlightSurety
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Submit to Oracles
Register Airline
Stake 10 Ethers
Register Flights
Buy Insurance
Request Payout
Withdraw Payout


HR NETwork will develop and provide you with a set of job descriptions for all current positions. Job descriptions contain the purpose, description of essential duties and tasks, education, experience, skill requirements, and analysis of physical demands for each position (ADA certified). A linked Performance Appraisal is provided with each job description.


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An internal error occurred:
{}
See logs for full stacktrace.
Take a look at our API doc


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William R. Stelter
New Glarus, WI - William R. Stelter, age 87, passed away on Thursday, November 7, 2019 at the New Glarus Home.
He was born on November 30, 1931 in Tomahawk, WI the son of William and Josephine (Tafelski) Stelter. William's family moved to Rockford, IL where he graduated from West High School. He served in the United States Navy Reserves. On March 30, 1951 William was united in marriage to Barbara Genin at St. Bernadette Catholic Church in Loves Park, IL. William worked for Thayer Action, Sunstrand, and then Lindsey-Johns until retiring.
William is survived by his wife Barbara, children Kathryn Martinez, Debra (Larry) Morris, Diane (Michael) Hakala, and Linda (Jack) Byrnes, eleven grandchildren and nine great-grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by his parents, a brother, and two sisters.
Per William's request private family services will be held.
The Zenter-Beal Funeral Home of New Glarus is assisting the family.
Online condolences may be given at www.bealfuneralhomes.com


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Axial¶
For more information about the scientific uses of Axial, please see the Readme. To report an issue, please refer to the Issues.
-
axial.
volcano
(differential_dfs, title='Axial Volcano Plot', scripts_mode='CDN', data_mode='directory', organism='human', q_value_column_name='q', log2FC_column_name='logFC', output_dir='.', filename='volcano.html', version='0.2.2')[source]¶ Parameters: - differential_dfs (dict or pandas.DataFrame) – python dict of names to pandas dataframes, or a single dataframe, indexed by gene symbols which must have columns named log2FC and qval.
- title (str) – The title of the plot (to be embedded in the html).
- scripts_mode (str) –
Choose from [“CDN”, “directory”, “inline”]:
- ”CDN” compiles a single HTML page with links to scripts hosted on a CDN,
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all scripts locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all scripts/styles inlined.
- data_mode (str) –
Choose from [“directory”, “inline”]:
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all data locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all data inlined.
- organism (str) – “human” or “mouse”
- q_value_column_name (str) –
- log2FC_column_name (str) –
- output_dir (str) – the directory in which to output the file
- filename (str) – the filename of the output file
- version (str) – the version of the javascripts to use. Leave the default to pin the version, or choose “latest” to get updates, or choose part of the version string to get minor updates.
Returns: The filepath which the html was outputted to.
Return type: Path
-
axial.
bar
(differential_dfs, title='Axial Pathway Bar Plot', scripts_mode='CDN', data_mode='directory', organism='human', q_value_column_name='q', log2FC_column_name='logFC', output_dir='.', filename='bar.html', version='0.2.2')[source]¶ Parameters: - differential_dfs (dict or pandas.DataFrame) – python dict of names to pandas dataframes, or a single dataframe, indexed by gene symbols which must have columns named log2FC and qval.
- title (str) – The title of the plot (to be embedded in the html).
- scripts_mode (str) –
Choose from [“CDN”, “directory”, “inline”]:
- ”CDN” compiles a single HTML page with links to scripts hosted on a CDN,
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all scripts locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all scripts/styles inlined.
- data_mode (str) –
Choose from [“directory”, “inline”]:
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all data locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all data inlined.
- organism (str) – “human” or “mouse”
- q_value_column_name (str) –
- log2FC_column_name (str) –
- output_dir (str) – the directory in which to output the file
- filename (str) – the filename of the output file
- version (str) – the version of the javascripts to use. Leave the default to pin the version, or choose “latest” to get updates, or choose part of the version string to get minor updates.
Returns: The filepath which the html was outputted to.
Return type: Path
-
axial.
braid
(genes_by_samples_matrix, sample_attributes, title='Axial Braid Plot', scripts_mode='CDN', data_mode='directory', organism='human', output_dir='.', filename='braid.html', version='0.2.2')[source]¶ Parameters: - genes_by_samples_matrix (pandas.DataFrame) – dataframe indexed by genes, columns are samples
- sample_attributes (pandas.DataFrame) – dataframe indexed by samples, columns are sample attributes (e.g. classes)
- title (str) – The title of the plot (to be embedded in the html).
- scripts_mode (str) –
Choose from [“CDN”, “directory”, “inline”]:
- ”CDN” compiles a single HTML page with links to scripts hosted on a CDN,
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all scripts locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all scripts/styles inlined.
- data_mode (str) –
Choose from [“directory”, “inline”]:
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all data locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all data inlined.
- organism (str) – “human” or “mouse”
- output_dir (str) – the directory in which to output the file
- filename (str) – the filename of the output file
- version (str) – the version of the javascripts to use. Leave the default to pin the version, or choose “latest” to get updates, or choose part of the version string to get minor updates.
Returns: The filepath which the html was outputted to.
Return type: Path
-
axial.
heatmap
(genes_by_samples_matrix, sample_attributes, title='Axial Heatmap', scripts_mode='CDN', data_mode='directory', organism='human', separate_zscore_by=['system'], output_dir='.', filename='heatmap.html', version='0.2.2')[source]¶ Parameters: - genes_by_samples_matrix (pandas.DataFrame) – dataframe indexed by genes, columns are samples
- sample_attributes (pandas.DataFrame) – dataframe indexed by samples, columns are sample attributes (e.g. classes)
- title (str) – The title of the plot (to be embedded in the html).
- scripts_mode (str) –
Choose from [“CDN”, “directory”, “inline”]:
- ”CDN” compiles a single HTML page with links to scripts hosted on a CDN,
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all scripts locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all scripts/styles inlined.
- data_mode (str) –
Choose from [“directory”, “inline”]:
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all data locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all data inlined.
- organism (str) – “human” or “mouse”
- separate_zscore_by (list) –
- output_dir (str) – the directory in which to output the file
- filename (str) – the filename of the output file
- version (str) – the version of the javascripts to use. Leave the default to pin the version, or choose “latest” to get updates, or choose part of the version string to get minor updates.
Returns: The filepath which the html was outputted to.
Return type: Path
-
axial.
graph
(networkx_graph, title='Axial Graph Visualization', scripts_mode='CDN', data_mode='directory', output_dir='.', filename='graph.html', version='0.2.2')[source]¶ Parameters: - networkx_graph (networkx.Graph) – any instance of networkx.Graph
- title (str) – The title of the plot (to be embedded in the html).
- scripts_mode (str) –
Choose from [“CDN”, “directory”, “inline”]:
- ”CDN” compiles a single HTML page with links to scripts hosted on a CDN,
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all scripts locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all scripts/styles inlined.
- data_mode (str) –
Choose from [“directory”, “inline”]:
- ”directory” compiles a directory with all data locally cached,
- ”inline” compiles a single HTML file with all data inlined.
- output_dir (str) – the directory in which to output the file
- filename (str) – the filename of the output file
- version (str) – the version of the javascripts to use. Leave the default to pin the version, or choose “latest” to get updates, or choose part of the version string to get minor updates.
Returns: The filepath which the html was outputted to.
Return type: Path


"x" "1" "SCHIMMER,O AND DREWELLO,U, 9-METHOXYTARIACURIPYRONE, A NATURALLYOCCURRING NITRO-AROMATIC COMPOUND WITH STRONG MUTAGENICITY IN SALMONELLATYPHIMURIUM, MUTAGENESIS 9(6):547-551, 1994"


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Srinivasa Ramanujan FRS (; listen ; 22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician who lived during the British Rule in India. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theo...


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--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Welcome! This is a blog that chronicles my musings on applications I'm currently building.


ORM
- Naming conventions
- Basic usage
- Relations
- Automatic typecasting
- Mutators and accessors
- Scopes
- Mass assignment
- Optimistic locking
- Read-only records
- Cloning records
- Array and JSON representations
- Traits
The ORM lets you map your database tables to objects and create relations between them.
Naming conventions
The Mako ORM does not impose a naming standard on model class names but best practice is to use the camel cased singular form of the table name.
| Table name | Model name |
|---|---|
| articles | Article |
| import_jobs | ImportJob |
If you want to use the ORM on an existing database and don't want to rename all your tables then you can use the $tableName
property to define the name of your table.
All tables are also expected to have an auto incrementing primary key column named id. The name of the primary key column can be configured using the $primaryKey
property.
The ORM expects foreign key names to use the following the pattern <model name>_id
(e.g., item_id, user_id). This can be configured when setting up relations and we'll get back to this later on.
Key types
As previously mentioned, the ORM assumes that all your tables have an auto incrementing primary key by default. You can make it generate UUIDs, make your own custom key generator or tell it that your table doesn't have a primary key.
Use the $primaryKeyType
property to define the key type.
| Key type | Constant |
|---|---|
| Auto incrementing | ORM::PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE_INCREMENTING |
| UUID | ORM::PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE_UUID |
| Custom | ORM::PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE_CUSTOM |
| None | ORM::PRIMARY_KEY_TYPE_NONE |
If you choose to use your own custom key generator then you'll have to implement the
generatePrimaryKey
method in your model class. You must also make sure that the generated value is unique.
Basic usage
CRUD
Lets say you have a table called articles
with three columns (id, title and content). This is all you need to interact with the table:
<?php
namespace app\models;
use \mako\database\midgard\ORM;
class Article extends ORM
{
protected $tableName = 'articles';
}
Creating a new record is as simple as this:
$article = new Article();
$article->title = 'Super awesome stuff';
$article->content = 'This is an article about some super awesome stuff.';
$article->save();
You can then fetch the article by its primary key value like this:
$article = Article::get(1); // Will return FALSE if not found
The ORM is built on top of the query builder so you can also use other criteria to find your record:
$article = Article::where('title', '=', 'Super awesome stuff')->first();
Note that you can also forward calls to the query builder on a model instance:
$article = (new Article)->where('title', '=', 'Super awesome stuff')->first();
Modifying an existing record is done like this:
$article = Article::get(1);
$article->title = 'New title';
$article->save();
And deleting a record is done like this:
$article = Article::get(1);
$article->delete();
Selecting columns
By default the ORM selects all columns from the result set. You can specify the columns you want to select like this:
$articles = Article::select(['id', 'title'])->all();
Note that the primary key will automatically be included in the array of selected columns.
Joins
You can also use joins when working with the ORM. In the following example we'll select all articles that have at least one comment:
$articles = Article::join('comments', 'article.id', '=', 'comments.article_id')->all();
The code above will execute the following SQL:
SELECT `articles`.* FROM `articles` INNER JOIN `comments` ON `article`.`id` = `comments`.`article_id`
It will return duplicates for articles that have more than one comment. This can be solved using a distinct select:
$articles = Article::distinct()->join('comments', 'article.id', '=', 'comments.article_id')->all();
Note that joining will make the selected records read-only.
Relations
Being able to set up relations between tables is important when working with databases. The ORM supports has one
, belongs
to, has many
and many to many
relations.
Has one
Lets create a user model and a profile model and set up a has one
relation between them.
<?php
namespace app\models;
use \mako\database\midgard\ORM;
class User extends ORM
{
protected $tableName = 'users';
public function profile()
{
return $this->hasOne('\app\models\Profile');
}
}
Lets not bother creating a relation in the profile model jus yet.
<?php
namespace app\models;
use \mako\database\midgard\ORM;
class Profile extends ORM
{
protected $tableName = 'profiles';
}
You can now access a users profile like this:
$user = User::get(1);
$profile = $user->profile;
Has many
We can now add a has many
relation to our user model.
public function articles()
{
return $this->hasMany('\app\models\Article');
}
We can now fetch all the articles that belong to the user like this:
$user = User::get(1);
$articles = $user->articles;
Belongs to
The belongs
to relation is the opposite of a has one
or has many
relation.
We can continue to build on the article model and add a belongs
to relation. All we need to get this to work is add a foreign key column named user_id
to the articles table.
public function user()
{
return $this->belongsTo('\app\models\User');
}
Fetching the user that owns the article can now be done line this:
$article = Article::get(1);
$user = $article->user;
Many to many
The many to many
relation requires a junction table between the two related tables. The name of the junction table should be the names of the two tables you want to join in alphabetical order separated by an underscore.
The relation would then look like this in the user model:
public function groups()
{
return $this->manyToMany('\app\models\Group');
}
And like this in the group model:
public function users()
{
return $this->manyToMany('\app\models\User');
}
This is how you would use the relations:
// Fetch all the groups that the user belongs to
$user = User::get(1);
$groups = $user->groups;
// Fetch all the users that are in the group
$group = Group::get(1);
$users = $group->users;
Relation criteria
The ORM is built on top of the query builder so you can add query criteria to your relations.
public function articles()
{
return $this->hasMany('\app\models\Article')->orderBy('title', 'asc');
}
They can be in the relation definition itself or you can add them when you're accessing the related records.
$articles = $user->articles()->orderBy('title', 'asc')->all();
Creating related records
The ORM lets you create related records without having to worry about remembering to set the right foreign key value.
$user = User::get(1);
$article = new Article();
$article->title = 'My article title';
$article->content = 'My article content';
$user->articles()->create($article);
The article will now be saved and the value of the user_id
foreign key will automatically be set to the users id. This method works for both has one
and has many
relations.
The many to many
relation is a bit different since it requires a junction table. You'll have to use the link
method to create a link between two related records.
$user = User::get(1);
$group = Group::get(1);
$user->groups()->link($group);
// This will produce the same result as the example above:
$user = User::get(1);
$group = Group::get(1);
$group->users()->link($user);
You can also pass the primary key value of the record you want to link instead of the object.
The unlink
method is used to remove the link between the records:
$user->groups()->unlink($group);
// This will produce the same result as the example above:
$group->users()->unlink($user);
Eager loading
Loading related records can sometimes cause the 1 + N
query problem. This is where eager loading becomes handy.
foreach(Comment::limit(10)->all() as $comment)
{
$comment->user->username;
}
The code above will execute 1
query to fetch 10
comments and then 1
query per iteration to retrieve the user who wrote the comment. This means that it has to execute 11
queries in total. Using eager loading can solve this problem:
foreach(Comment::including('users')->limit(10)->all() as $comment)
{
$comment->user->username;
}
The code above will produce the same result as the previous example but it will only execute 2
queries instead of 11
.
You can eager load more relations using an array and nested relations using the dot syntax:
$articles = Article::including(['user', 'coments', 'comments.users'])->limit(10)->all();
You can also define relations to eager load in the model definition using the $including
property. This is useful if you know that you're going to need to eager load the relations more often than not.
protected $including = ['user', 'comments', 'comments.user'];
You can then disable eager loading of the relations if needed by using the excluding
method:
$articles = Article::excluding(['user', 'comments'])->limit(10)->all();
Overriding naming conventions
The ORM relations rely on strict naming conventions but they can be overridden using the optional parameters of the relation methods. The first optional parameter lets you set the name of the foreign key. The many to many
relation method has two additional parameters that let you set the junction table name and the junction key.
In the example below we are telling the relation to use a foreign key named user
instead of the default, which should have been user_id
.
public function articles()
{
return $this->hasMany('\app\models\Article', 'user');
}
Automatic typecasting
You can configure your model to automatically typecast values on the way in and out of your database. This is done using the $cast
property where the array key is the column name and the array value is the type you want to cast the column value to.
Scalars
protected $cast = ['id' => 'integer', 'published' => 'boolean'];
Valid scalar types are boolean
, integer
, float
and string
.
Note that the maximum value for
integer
isPHP_INT_MAX
.
DateTime
The ORM and query builder both allow you to save dates as DateTime objects without first having to convert them to the appropriate format. Wouldn't it be nice if you could also automatically retrieve them as DateTime objects when fetching them from the database as well? This is possible thanks to the date
typecast.
protected $cast = ['joined_at' => 'date', 'last_seen' => 'date'];
You'll now be able to treat the joined_at
and last_seen
values as DateTime objects.
$user = User::get(1);
$lastSeen = 'The user was last seen on ' . $user->last_seen->format('Y-m-d at H:i');
Mutators and accessors
Mutators and accessors allow you to modify data on the way in and out of the database. Mutators are suffixed with Mutator
and accessors and suffixed with Accessor
.
The following mutator will encode the value when its assigned.
protected function numbersMutator(array $numbers)
{
return json_encode($numbers);
}
You can assign the value like any normal value and it will be JSON-encoded internally in the model making it possible to store it in the database.
$model->numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
And the following accessor will decode the value when accessing it.
protected function numbersAccessor($numbers)
{
return json_decode($numbers)
}
You can now retrieve the value like any normal value and it will automatically be JSON-decoded for you.
$arrayOfNumbers = $model->numbers;
Scopes
Scopes allow you to specify commonly used query criteria as methods. All scope methods must be prefixed with the Scope
suffix.
public function publishedScope($query)
{
return $query->where('published', '=', 1);
}
public function popularAndPublishedScope($query, $count)
{
return $query->where('published', '=', 1)->where('views', '>', $count);
}
You can now retrieve published articles like this:
$articles = Article::published()->all();
$articles = Article::popularAndPublished(1000)->all();
Scopes also work through relations:
$articles = User::get(1)->articles()->published()->all();
$articles = User::get(1)->articles()->popularAndPublished(1000)->all();
Mass assignment
The ORM allows you to use mass assignment when creating or updating records. This can save you a few lines of code since you don't have to set each value individually but it can open attack vectors in your application if you're not careful.
// Create a new record using mass assignment
User::create($_POST);
// Update an existing record using mass assignment
$article = User::get(1);
$article->assign($_POST);
$article->save();
The code above might seem like a good idea until a hacker adds an is_admin field to the POST data and gives himself admin privileges.
You can make mass assignment a bit more secure by using the $assignable
property and define a whitelist of fields that can be set through mass assignment. But you should really only use this feature when you trust the input data a 100%.
Read-only records
You can make your records read-only by setting the $readOnly
property to TRUE. Doing so will make it impossible to update or delete the records and a ReadOnlyRecordException
will be thrown if attempted.
// Load a read-only record
$user = User::get(1);
// Will throw a mako\database\midgard\ReadOnlyRecordException
$user->delete();
Cloning records
You can clone records using the clone
keyword:
$clone = clone User::get(1);
$clone->save();
You can also clone an entire result set:
$clones = clone User::all();
foreach($clones as $clone)
{
$clone->save();
}
Array and JSON representations
You can convert an ORM object or result set to an array using the toArray
method and to JSON using the toJson
method. The ORM objects and result sets will also be converted to JSON when casted to a string.
$json = (string) Article::limit(10)->all();
You can exclude columns from the array and JSON representations by using the $protected
property.
Traits
Timestamped
You'll often want to track when a record has been created and when it was updated. The TimestampedTrait
will do this for you automatically.
The trait requires you to add two DATETIME columns to your database table, created_at
and updated_at
. You can override the column names using the $createdAtColumn
and $updatedAtColumn
properties.
use \mako\database\midgard\ORM;
use \mako\database\midgard\traits\TimestampedTrait;
class Article extends ORM
{
use TimestampedTrait;
}
You can touch the updated_at
timestamp without having to modify any other data by using the touch
method.
$article = Article::get(1);
$article->touch();
You can also make the ORM touch related records upon saving by listing the relations you want to touch in the $touch
property.
protected $touch = ['foo', 'foo.bar']; // Nested relations are also supported
Optimistic locking
When two users are attempting to update the same record simultaneously, one of the updates will likely be overwritten. Optimistic locking can solve this problem.
To enable optimistic locking you need to use OptimisticLockingTrait
trait. The database table also needs an integer column named lock_version
. The name of the column can be configured using the $lockingColumn
property.
use \mako\database\midgard\ORM;
use \mako\database\midgard\traits\OptimisticLockingTrait;
class Article extends ORM
{
use OptimisticLockingTrait;
}
The second save in the example below will throw a StaleRecordException
since the record is now outdated compared to the one stored in the database.
$article1 = Article::get(1);
$article2 = Article::get(1);
$article1->title = 'Foo';
$article1->save();
$article2->title = 'Bar';
$article2->save();
The reload
method can be used to refresh the outdated record.
$article2->reload();
Optimistic locking will also check for stale records when deleting, although not when deleting in bulk.


Class 9
VGI & OSM
Suitability Review...
Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)
Better Known as:
Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is the harnessing of tools to create,
assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by individuals
(Goodchild, 2007).
Some 'traditional' examples of this phenomenon:
>WikiMapia
>OpenStreetMap
>Google Map Maker
Some 'brand new' examples of this phenomenon...
Closely related....
Neogeography:
Neogeography literally means "new geography," and is commonly applied to the
use of geographical techniques and tools for personal and community activities or
by a non-expert group of users. Application domains of neogeography are typically
not formal or analytical.
Where & When does VGI happen?
Where & When does VGI happen?
The Web has made VGI relevant to many users in creating and consuming of VGI data
Typical Web 2.0 applications:
>Photo Sharing
>Collaborative Mapping
>File Sharing
>Online File Editing
>Wikis
>Blogging
>Web Analytics
>Online Office Suite
>Social Aggregation
>Social Bookmarking
Back to Maps...
OpenStreetMap
"We don’t really know what motivates people," Corcoran says. When people
register to contribute to OpenStreetMap, the site doesn't ask them why they want
to participate. "Some of the reasons people suggest is that people like to be part
of a community, like to map their own area, they like to make contributions to
society, to provide data that's of use to society," Corcoran says. Because there's
no central authority assigning tasks or coordinating all those contributors, it seems
all the more impressive that they somehow self-organize according to the same
principles that entire cities exhibit when they expand over time.
-Padraig Corcoran "Analysing the growth of OpenStreetMap networks"
"Recently, crisis mappers have generated a huge buzz for OpenStreetMap.
When a devastating earthquake hit Haiti in January 2010, volunteers
flooded towards OSM to help digitize much of the missing data. Their
amazingly quick response undoubtedly contributed to the relief efforts of
Haiti. Collapsed bridges and buildings, refugee camps, and road blocks
were all marked on OpenStreetMap and assisted emergency response teams."
Quick history of OSM...
Why use OSM? Google Maps, Bing!, even
Apple’s new os map app works great!
How Does OSM Work?
Tiles, Tiles, Tiles...
3 guiding OSM concepts...
Concept 1- 'Slippy Map'....
The slippy map is an Ajax component. JavaScript runs in the browser, which
dynamically requests maps from a server in the background (without reloading the
whole HTML page) to give a smooth slippy zoomy map browsing experience. The
implementation of this is mostly provided by the javascript library called
OpenLayers. The map image is built up of many little square images called "tiles".
These are rendered and served from a "tile server".
Concept 1- 'Slippy Map'
Concept 2- Tool Chain
Concept 1- 'Slippy Map'
Concept 2- Tool Chain
Concept 3- Features = Elements + Tags
What about Errors?
What about Errors?
Erroneous edits fall in to one of three categories: honest mistakes, disagreement on the facts and malicious edits.
How to extract data out of OSM?
How to learn more about OSM?
Class 9 Lab
Editing OSM features...


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