| PX-111 General Information
-
| Synonyms: |
DUP; Diundecyl phthalate; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diundecyl ester; undecyl 2-(undecyloxycarbonyl)benzoate |
| Molecular Formula: |
C30H50O4 |
| CAS Registry No.: |
3648-20-2 |
| Chemical Category: |
Phthalates |
| Ester Content, wt. %: |
99.6 |
| Moisture Content, wt. %: |
0.1 (max) |
Usage and Performance Characteristics
-
| Manufacturer: |
Aristech Chemical Corp. (Sunoco, Inc.) |
| Outstanding Properties: |
Low temperature flexibility, low volatility |
| Used for Polymeric Materials: |
PVC |
| Used for Products: |
Wire & cable, car interiors |
Physical Properties
-
| Specific Gravity: |
0.952 (25°C) |
| Aggregate State at 25°C: |
Liquid, oily |
Chemical Properties
-
| Acidity (acetic acid), wt. %: |
0.007 |
Optical Properties
-
| Color, Platinum-Cobalt Scale: |
50 |
| Refractive Index: |
1.481 (n25D) |
Hazard-Related Data
-
| OSHA Hazard Class: |
Considered a hazardous substance |
| UN Risk Phrases: |
22,33,36/38,52,58,62 |
| UN Safety Phrases: |
27,35,53,401 |
| Flash Point Temperature, °C: |
254 |
| HMIS Personal protection: |
Safety glasses, butyl gloves, apron |
Environmental Parameters
-
| Octanol-Water Partition Coeff., log Kow: |
4.95 |
| Theoretical Oxygen Demand, ThOD, g/g: |
2.73 |
Plasticizers Database (2nd Electronic Edition) Copyright © 2004 by ChemTec Publishing |


To obtain a position that will enable me to show my organizational, technical skills, educational background and ability to work well with people, which will allow me to grow personally and professionally.


|
| void | MonsterInit (string name, int hp, int atk, int spd, Player monsterOwner, int HexIndex) |
| | Initialization of a monster. Set all value to its original value, the original value should not be change during game in common case. More...
|
| |
| void | MonsterReset () |
| | Reset a monster, all stats to its original stats. Invoke when turn start. More...
|
| |
| int | GetUId () |
| | get the monster's uid More...
|
| |
| virtual void | MoveMent () |
| | (Deprecated) Monster's movement in one turn. Maybe Override in Child Class More...
|
| |
| virtual void | Move (int destination) |
| | Monster's move to another Hex More...
|
| |
| virtual void | Move (List< int > path) |
| | Monster's move to another Hex With a Path More...
|
| |
| virtual void | Attack (Monster subjectMonster, int atk=-1) |
| | Attack another monster More...
|
| |
| virtual void | StateUpdate (string StateField, int newState) |
| | this function will transmit all states of the monster to its respective GameObject (with visualization) More...
|
| |
| bool | CanReach (int destination) |
| |
| virtual void | OnSelected () |
| | Invoked when player select this monster More...
|
| |
◆ Attack()
| virtual void Monsters.Monster.Attack |
( |
Monster |
subjectMonster, |
|
|
int |
atk = -1 |
|
) |
| |
|
inlinevirtual |
Attack another monster
- Parameters
-
| subjectMonster | the attack subject |
| atk | attack value. Default value is -1 (The original ATK value will be used in this case). |
| animationTime | Animation time. |
◆ CanReach()
| bool Monsters.Monster.CanReach |
( |
int |
destination | ) |
|
|
inline |
Check the possibility of moving to another Hex
- Parameters
-
| destination | the destination Hex |
◆ CheckTerrainEffect()
| virtual void Monsters.Monster.CheckTerrainEffect |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprotectedvirtual |
Change the State by terrrain Effect
◆ GetUId()
| int Monsters.Monster.GetUId |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
◆ MonsterInit()
| void Monsters.Monster.MonsterInit |
( |
string |
name, |
|
|
int |
hp, |
|
|
int |
atk, |
|
|
int |
spd, |
|
|
Player |
monsterOwner, |
|
|
int |
HexIndex |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Initialization of a monster. Set all value to its original value, the original value should not be change during game in common case.
- Parameters
-
◆ MonsterReset()
| void Monsters.Monster.MonsterReset |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Reset a monster, all stats to its original stats. Invoke when turn start.
◆ Move() [1/2]
| virtual void Monsters.Monster.Move |
( |
int |
destination | ) |
|
|
inlinevirtual |
Monster's move to another Hex
- Parameters
-
| destination | the destination Hex |
| animationTime | Animation time. |
Reimplemented in Monsters.Maria_Brute.
◆ Move() [2/2]
| virtual void Monsters.Monster.Move |
( |
List< int > |
path | ) |
|
|
inlinevirtual |
Monster's move to another Hex With a Path
- Parameters
-
| destination | the destination Hex |
| animationTime | Animation time. |
◆ MoveMent()
| virtual void Monsters.Monster.MoveMent |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlinevirtual |
◆ OnSelected()
| virtual void Monsters.Monster.OnSelected |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlinevirtual |
◆ operator<()
◆ operator>()
◆ Start()
| void Monsters.Monster.Start |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprotected |
This Function will invoke when game start and monster is created
◆ StateUpdate()
| virtual void Monsters.Monster.StateUpdate |
( |
string |
StateField, |
|
|
int |
newState |
|
) |
| |
|
inlinevirtual |
this function will transmit all states of the monster to its respective GameObject (with visualization)
- Parameters
-
| StateField | "Damage", HP-=newState "Move", newState=next HexIndex Index "Exile", All state=0 and @isExile=true, @isAlive=false |
Reimplemented in Monsters.Jolleen_Knight, Monsters.Maria_Brute, and Monsters.Erica_Surviver.
◆ ActionParam
Parameter of an action of monster
◆ AnimationFinishedTime
| float Monsters.Monster.AnimationFinishedTime |
|
protected |
◆ ATK
Monster Current ATK, will increase or decrease during battle. Will reset to @origin_ATK when turn begin.
◆ attack_animation_time
| float Monsters.Monster.attack_animation_time = 1.0f |
|
protected |
◆ canSkill
| bool Monsters.Monster.canSkill = true |
A bool value to store wether the monster can do skill this turn or not. A monster can play skill and cool down for SkillCoolDownCounter turn.
◆ healthBar
The healthBar inside this monster
◆ HexIndex
| int Monsters.Monster.HexIndex |
The Current Hex this monster is steped on. Will reset to the @origin_HexIndex when turn begin.
◆ HP
Monster Current HP, will increase or decrease during battle. Will reset to @origin_HP when turn begin.
◆ isAlive
| bool Monsters.Monster.isAlive |
A bool value to store wether the monster is alived or not. Will return to true when turn begin. A dead monster doesn't attack and have no effect.
◆ isExiled
| bool Monsters.Monster.isExiled |
A bool value to store wether the monster is exiled or not. Will never return to true when turn begin. A exiled monster will have no move and no effect. And will do nothing when turn begin.
◆ isIdle
| bool Monsters.Monster.isIdle |
If isIdle, then the monster cannot move or attack
◆ MaxAttackRange
| int Monsters.Monster.MaxAttackRange = 1 |
Monster Maximum Movement Range in a turn
◆ MaxMovementRange
| int Monsters.Monster.MaxMovementRange =3 |
Monster Maximum Movement Range in a turn
◆ MinAttackRange
| int Monsters.Monster.MinAttackRange = 1 |
Monster Minimum Movement Range in a turn
◆ monsterName
| string Monsters.Monster.monsterName |
Monster Name, will never change after init.
◆ monsterObj
| GameObject Monsters.Monster.monsterObj |
|
protected |
The link to the GameObject
◆ monsterOwner
| Player Monsters.Monster.monsterOwner |
Monster Current Owner, will be change because of the card effect.All monster should return to its owner's control when turn begin.
◆ MonsterStartTurn
| UnityEvent Monsters.Monster.MonsterStartTurn |
A Event invoked by the World, that tell the monster to start their turn.
◆ MonsterStateUpdate
A Event invoked by the world and other monster, that tell the monster to update their state.
◆ MonsterTurnEnd
| MonsterTurnEnd Monsters.Monster.MonsterTurnEnd |
A delegate instant, invoke when monster finish their turn.
◆ moving_animation_time
| float Monsters.Monster.moving_animation_time = 1.0f |
|
protected |
◆ moving_path
| List<int> Monsters.Monster.moving_path = new List<int>() |
|
protected |
◆ origin_ATK
| int Monsters.Monster.origin_ATK |
|
protected |
Monster's original ATK property, should not be change during game, @ATK should be reset to this value when turn begin.
◆ origin_HexIndex
| int Monsters.Monster.origin_HexIndex |
|
protected |
The hex this monster is casted on. Should not be change during game. Monster will return to this hex when turn begin.
◆ origin_HP
| int Monsters.Monster.origin_HP |
|
protected |
Monster's original HP property, should not be change during game, @HP should be reset to this value when turn begin.
◆ origin_monsterOwner
| Player Monsters.Monster.origin_monsterOwner |
|
protected |
Monster's original Owner, should not be change during game. All monster should return to its owner's control when turn begin.
◆ origin_SPD
| int Monsters.Monster.origin_SPD |
|
protected |
Monster's original SPD property, should not be change during game, @SPD should be reset to this value when turn begin.
◆ SkillCoolDownCounter
| int Monsters.Monster.SkillCoolDownCounter = 0 |
A int value to store how many turn still need to cool down
◆ SkillCoolDownMax
| int Monsters.Monster.SkillCoolDownMax = 0 |
A int value to store the max turns to cool down
◆ SPD
Monster Current SPD, will increase or decrease during battle. Will reset to @origin_SPD when turn begin.
◆ uid
the unique id of this monster
◆ WaitForAnimation
◆ world
| World Monsters.Monster.world |
The link to the game world
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#Core_Course
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#Course
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#Curriculum
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#Elective_Course
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#Knowledge_Area
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#Knowledge_Group
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#Placeholder_Course
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#isPrerequisiteToEnroll
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#isPrerequisiteToPass
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#isPrerequisite
has characteristics: transitive
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#partialCreditIsPrerequisiteToEnroll
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#partialCreditIsPrerequisiteToPass
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#totalCreditIsPrerequisiteToEnroll
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#totalCreditIsPrerequisiteToPass
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#credits
has characteristics: functional
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#hours
has characteristics: functional
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#minimumCreditsRequired
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#partialCreditScore
has characteristics: functional
IRI: https://w3id.org/ontocis/courses#totalCreditScore
has characteristics: functional


get_pcaps - List Process Capabilities
get_pcaps <pid> [<pid> ...]
get_pcaps is a simple utility to display the capabilities on the queried process(es). The capabilities are displayed in the cap_from_text(3) format.
None
cap_from_text(3),
Copyright © 1997-8,2007 Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>


Total Languages Learnt ~ 4
Dark Mode
Python
Rating
Easy and simple to learn
HTML
Great for web building
CSS
Best for designing HTML websites
JavaScript
Good for adding Interaction to website
Internet Periodic Table
Calculator
TODO
2048
Solar Exploration
Flappy Bird
Volcano Mapper
Height Collector


ACF is pleased to announced that Susan Ferrari has won the 2014 Dr. N. Gordon Carper Lifetime Achievement Award. Susan has edited ACF Nationals in 2011 and 2012. Since ACF's switch to a centralized paying system, in her role as communications director Susan has tirelessly worked behind the scenes to inform teams about ACF Tournaments, working with them on the registration process, discussing eligibility questions with editors, and in general being the organizational glue that holds ACF together. She is a prominent guiding voice of reason in the collegiate quizbowl community. Congratulations, Susan, and thank you for all of the time and effort you have devoted to collegiate quizbowl.


Ducks on Display is Stevens Tech FIRST EVER, large scale, talent variety show open to any and all types of talent. Your peers will aim to entertain and you, as the audience will get the chance to vote for your favorites! See below for the featured performers in this year's second annual Ducks on Display taking place in Debaun Auditorium on Wednesday, March 6 @ 9 PM!
I'm a senior Visual Arts and Technology major, and the president of Poetry Club. I've been writing poetry since high school, and have grown to love it even more during my college years. I combine my love for poetry with other art mediums, such as video, collage, and graphic design, in an attempt to explore the visual side to poetry.
I've been singing since I was 5 years old. I started by singing along to my sister playing piano and then grew to play music for myself. I am very passionate about music and it would be my dream profession.
Founded in 2013, Quackappella is Stevens's first a cappella group. We sing a variety of songs, mostly pop hits, and perform both at Stevens a cappella organized events and at fundraisers hosted by other organizations. You might have seen us at Castle Point King, Lip Sync, or Cocoapella. We now return to Ducks on Display 14 members strong to defend our title.
Jordan has been singing and playing piano ever since she was young and started performing when she was 10. Music has been a huge part of her life and she loves what she does. Today she'll be performing one of her favorite songs, Creep, by Radiohead.
Erwiin is an independent artist/producer from Monmouth County, NJ. The young artist strives to create vivid stories through his music, with the help of frequent collaborator Justin Kroeger. While his lyrics are portrayed through somber melodies, Erwiin’s ambient production allows them to shine through within their own world. Erwiin is currently on major streaming platforms such as Spotify and AppleMusic.
We are playing de Bériot's Duo for 2 violins No. 12 op. 87 and have both been playing violin for over 10 years. We are both in the Stevens Orchestra and are passionate about playing music. Playing duets is fun--we played a Leclair Sonata for 2 violins for the orchestra concert this past fall.
We are a duet on-the-rise. Our debut performance at Open Mic Night brought us together as a group, and our ambitions have never been higher.
Many people are familiar with yoyos, seeing them as kids’ toys or something of the past. So did I, until three years ago when I discovered how it had changed. Over the years, I’ve worked at it, and through pairing it with my passion for music, I hope to put on a show everybody can enjoy!
Jacob Kosowski, Noah Bolzoni and Sal Finocchiaro are a string trio group playing cello, viola and violin respectively. The three have played in the Stevens Orchestra, Stevens Strings Ensemble and for weddings together in the past. Jacob is a 3/4 studying physics, Noah is a 4/5 studying mechanical engineering and Sal is an alumni that studied biomedical engineering at Stevens. The three have been playing their instruments since childhood and enjoy performing all sorts of music together. Today the trio will be playing 'Passacaglia' by Bear McCreary from 'Battlestar Galactica', a student arrangement by Jacob Kosowski.
Floctaves is the newest a cappella group on campus, founded three semesters ago in Fall 2017 by a group of freshmen, now sophomores. They met during performing arts pre-orientation and shared their clear love of music through small impromptu jam sessions which later evolved into full-scale rehearsals twice a week. Since then, they have grown a lot and expanded to welcome lots of great new singers and friends!
Technique is made up of dancers with a range of experience. We teach classes, take classes, and perform together to share what we love doing.
Just a guy with a guitar who really wants to prove he can perform. Hoping to really make a splash and give the audience a great time.
I've been playing piano since I was in 1st grade. I took lessons for about 6 years but eventually grew tired of the music I was learning. I took a break from Piano and tried guitar. I found myself back at the keyboard and taught myself how to play by ear. I found Synthesia tutorials on YouTube and was able to look up the tutorial for almost any song I heard on the radio and wanted to learn and keep a list of the ones I know up until today!
Hi! My name is Eleni and I'm a 2/5 Software Engineering major. I've been singing for fun since I was little, I did a lot of theatre in high school, and I love making people laugh! I will be singing a comedic theatrical piece called "Taylor the Latte Boy". My goal is to put a smile on your face...so fingers crossed!
We are tap dancers from Flemington, NJ and have been dancing for as long as we can remember! The act we will be performing is a tap duet to Khalid's "American Teen". Tap dancing is an amazing art form and we hope you enjoy it!


fun setLong(value: Long): Unit
Sets this constant to a new Long value.
value - The Long value to be set to.
value


{{extend 'admin/instructors.html'}} {{ block tabcontent }}
We're a group of researchers at the University of Michigan who have developed this practice tool. We are experimenting with some alternative schedules for which questions to ask when, and are randomizing instructors to different experimental conditions. So, don't be alarmed if you see some different settings in your course in comparison with courses taught by other instructors.
{{if toc != "''":}}


[gecode-users] Gecode headers not found
Guido Tack
tack at gecode.org
Thu Feb 4 08:10:54 CET 2010
Hi Yannick,
as mentioned recently on the list, we don't support compiling with gcc on Windows. In particular, the Gecode binary package is probably incompatible with MinGW gcc, so even if you get the paths right, compiling may not work.
If you can get Qt-creator to use the Visual C++ compiler (which however the binary package on the Qt web page doesn't support), things might work.
Cheers,
Guido
Yannick Parmentier wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I am using the Qt-SDK (including Qt-creator 1.3.1) along with Gecode 3.2.2 under ubuntu linux, and it works fine.
> I installed the same environment (Gecode 3.2.2 + Qt-creator 1.3.1 + Qt libraries 4.6.1 + MinGW with gcc-4.4) on a windows XP, unfortunately I cannot get it to work. More precisely I cannot compile my Gecode-based program from Qt-creator. It seems qmake does not find Gecode libraries (I updated the PATH to include Gecode's location). The compilation returns errors such as "gecode/int.hh no such file or directory" or "Gecode has not been declared".
>
> I had a look at the following page:
> http://www.gecode.org/doc-latest/reference/PageUsage.html
> but I do not manage to adapt the recommandations for Visual Studio to Qt-creator.
>
> Did anyone suceed in using Qt-creator with Gecode under XP ?
>
> Thanks,
>
> Yannick
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
More information about the users
mailing list


| L1 cache reference | 0.5 ns |
| L2 cache reference | 7 ns |
| Main memory reference | 100 ns |
| Send 2K bytes over 1 Gbps network | 20,000 ns |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from memory | 250,000 ns |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from network | 10,000,000 ns |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from disk | 30,000,000 ns |
def informer
@text = Net::HTTP.get "external", "/inf.php"
render
end
There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation and naming things.
Phil Karlton
class ProductsController < ActionController
caches_page :index
def index
@products = Products.all
end
def create
expire_page :action => :index
end
end
class ProductSweeper < ActionController::Caching::Sweeper
observe Product # This sweeper is going to keep an eye on the Product model
def after_create(product)
expire_cache_for(product)
end
def after_update(product)
expire_cache_for(product)
end
def after_destroy(product)
expire_cache_for(product)
end
private
def expire_cache_for(product)
expire_page(:controller => 'products', :action => 'index')
expire_fragment('all_available_products')
end
end
cache.write(key, value, :expires_in => 1.minute)
cache.write([key, @article], value)
Well, actualy this is not cache expiry. But by setting object with its fingerprint as cache key, you can be sure that after object change this cache entry will not be accessed.
Setting :race_condition_ttl is very useful in situations where a cache entry is used very frequently and is under heavy load. If a cache expires and due to heavy load seven different processes will try to read data natively and then they all will try to write to cache. To avoid that case the first process to find an expired cache entry will bump the cache expiration time by the value set in :race_condition_ttl.
class ArticleSweeper < ActionController::Caching::Sweeper
def expire_cache_for(article)
expire_fragment('main_slider') if article.slide
expire_fragment('main_theme') if article.theme
expire_fragment('main_published')
expire_fragment('main_blogs') if article.blog_article?
expire_fragment('main_top') if article.top
end
end
[:ru, :uk].each do |loc|
# Expire a fragment
ActionController::Base.new.expire_fragment("cache_tabs_#{loc}")
ActionController::Base.new.expire_fragment("cache_tabs_hide_videos_#{loc}")
product.category.each do |category|
[product.hersteller, product.fill, product.sizes.to_a].flatten.compact.each do |relation|
(1...relation.products.count).each do |page|
ActionController::Base.new.expire_fragment [loc, relation.class.to_s.downcase, relation.id.to_s, page.to_s, category.id]
end
[Hersteller, Size, Fill].each do |cls|
ActionController::Base.new.expire_fragment [loc, 'count', relation.class.to_s.downcase, relation.id.to_s, cls.to_s, category.id]
end
end
end
end
With this plugin, all calls to #cache in the view will automatically append a digest of that template and all of its dependencies! So you no longer need to manually increment versions in the specific templates you're working on or care about what other templates are depending on the change you make.
github.com/twinturbo/cashier
Cache associate individual cache keys with a tag, then expire them all at once. This took my 7 layer loop down to one line of code. It's also made managing the cache throught my application much easier.
# can have multiple tags
cache @something, :tag => ['dashboard', 'settings']
# You can also use Rails.cache.write
Rails.cache.write("foo", "bar", :tag => ["some_tag"])
But you still need to expire keys:
# in a sweeper
Cashier.expire 'some-component'
github.com/brain-geek/taggable-cache
Taggable cache provides possibility for automatic cache entries expiration by providing possibility to map cache keys with AR objects.
Actualy, it does the same thing. The difference between this solutions is that taggable cache uses AR records and scopes. It deletes corresponding keys on corresponding object cache by using AR hooks. Though, it supports strings too.
<% cache 'main_slide', :depends_on => [Article.slide] do %>
<% cache 'main_theme', :depends_on => [Article.theme] do %>
<% cache 'main_feed', :depends_on => [Article] do %>
- :default_url =>'/system/:class/default/:style.png'
+ :default_url =>'/system/:class/default/:style.png',
+ :convert_options => { :all => "-strip -quality 65" }
Page 'loads' faster when scripts are included on the bottom


g
How to create a new ELT project in Git Repository using Hydrograph
Create a new Git Repository for ELT projects
Follow your organizational process to create Git Repository for ELT projects. However, personal Git repositories can be created using Github.
Create a new ELT project in Git Repository using Hydrograph
Assumption: Git Repository already exists.
These steps will create a new ELT project in Git Repository. Steps 1-4 will clone the Git Repository on your local machine.
1) In project explorer window of Hydrograph, right click and select Import.
2) From ELT project Import Wizard, select Git > Projects from Git >Next > Select Clone URI > Next. Enter details for Git source repository-
The authentication credentials can be stored into Hydrograph Secure Store. Also, protocol can be chosen between git, http, https, ssh etc.
3) After entering Git Repository details, click Next. It will display the window for Git branch selection.
If the Git repository is non-empty, it will list down available branches on Git. Default branch will be master. Select Git branch to clone and click Next.
4) Click Next and configure the local storage for the Git Repository-
5) Now, click Next and select 'import using New Project Wizard' and click Finish.
6) It will take to Hydrograph New Project wizard. Select ELT Project:
7) Click Next and provide Project name and then click Finish.
8) These steps will create a new ELT Project in local Git Repository location.
8) In order to share this project in local git repository as well as make it available in Git Source Repository, follow the steps from Git Check-in page. Once the project is shared on Git and pushed to upstream, it will be reflected in project explorer


This section is relevant for programs running on event time. For an introduction to event time,
processing time, and ingestion time, please refer to the introduction to event time.
To work with event time, streaming programs need to set the time characteristic accordingly.
Assigning Timestamps
In order to work with event time, Flink needs to know the events’ timestamps, meaning each element in the
stream needs to have its event timestamp assigned. This is usually done by accessing/extracting the
timestamp from some field in the element.
Timestamp assignment goes hand-in-hand with generating watermarks, which tell the system about
progress in event time.
There are two ways to assign timestamps and generate watermarks:
Directly in the data stream source
Via a timestamp assigner / watermark generator: in Flink, timestamp assigners also define the watermarks to be emitted
Attention Both timestamps and watermarks are specified as
milliseconds since the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
Source Functions with Timestamps and Watermarks
Stream sources can directly assign timestamps to the elements they produce, and they can also emit watermarks.
When this is done, no timestamp assigner is needed.
Note that if a timestamp assigner is used, any timestamps and watermarks provided by the source will be overwritten.
To assign a timestamp to an element in the source directly, the source must use the collectWithTimestamp(...)
method on the SourceContext. To generate watermarks, the source must call the emitWatermark(Watermark) function.
Below is a simple example of a (non-checkpointed) source that assigns timestamps and generates watermarks:
Timestamp Assigners / Watermark Generators
Timestamp assigners take a stream and produce a new stream with timestamped elements and watermarks. If the
original stream had timestamps and/or watermarks already, the timestamp assigner overwrites them.
Timestamp assigners are usually specified immediately after the data source, but it is not strictly required to do so.
A common pattern, for example, is to parse (MapFunction) and filter (FilterFunction) before the timestamp assigner.
In any case, the timestamp assigner needs to be specified before the first operation on event time
(such as the first window operation). As a special case, when using Kafka as the source of a streaming job,
Flink allows the specification of a timestamp assigner / watermark emitter inside
the source (or consumer) itself. More information on how to do so can be found in the
Kafka Connector documentation.
NOTE: The remainder of this section presents the main interfaces a programmer has
to implement in order to create her own timestamp extractors/watermark emitters.
To see the pre-implemented extractors that ship with Flink, please refer to the
Pre-defined Timestamp Extractors / Watermark Emitters page.
With Periodic Watermarks
AssignerWithPeriodicWatermarks assigns timestamps and generates watermarks periodically (possibly depending
on the stream elements, or purely based on processing time).
The interval (every n milliseconds) in which the watermark will be generated is defined via
ExecutionConfig.setAutoWatermarkInterval(...). The assigner’s getCurrentWatermark() method will be
called each time, and a new watermark will be emitted if the returned watermark is non-null and larger than the previous
watermark.
Here we show two simple examples of timestamp assigners that use periodic watermark generation. Note that Flink ships with a BoundedOutOfOrdernessTimestampExtractor similar to the BoundedOutOfOrdernessGenerator shown below, which you can read about here.
With Punctuated Watermarks
To generate watermarks whenever a certain event indicates that a new watermark might be generated, use
AssignerWithPunctuatedWatermarks. For this class Flink will first call the extractTimestamp(...) method
to assign the element a timestamp, and then immediately call the
checkAndGetNextWatermark(...) method on that element.
The checkAndGetNextWatermark(...) method is passed the timestamp that was assigned in the extractTimestamp(...)
method, and can decide whether it wants to generate a watermark. Whenever the checkAndGetNextWatermark(...)
method returns a non-null watermark, and that watermark is larger than the latest previous watermark, that
new watermark will be emitted.
Note: It is possible to generate a watermark on every single event. However, because each watermark causes some
computation downstream, an excessive number of watermarks degrades performance.
Timestamps per Kafka Partition
When using Apache Kafka as a data source, each Kafka partition may have a simple event time pattern (ascending
timestamps or bounded out-of-orderness). However, when consuming streams from Kafka, multiple partitions often get consumed in parallel,
interleaving the events from the partitions and destroying the per-partition patterns (this is inherent in how Kafka’s consumer clients work).
In that case, you can use Flink’s Kafka-partition-aware watermark generation. Using that feature, watermarks are generated inside the
Kafka consumer, per Kafka partition, and the per-partition watermarks are merged in the same way as watermarks are merged on stream shuffles.
For example, if event timestamps are strictly ascending per Kafka partition, generating per-partition watermarks with the
ascending timestamps watermark generator will result in perfect overall watermarks.
The illustrations below show how to use the per-Kafka-partition watermark generation, and how watermarks propagate through the
streaming dataflow in that case.


Habitat
Originally from the Kanto region. Also found in Johto and Sinnoh. The fearow inhabit barren lands, which are rugged terrain such as steppes and fields.


Lead director
Proin metus justo, commodo in ultrices at, lobortis sit amet dui. Fusce dolor purus, adipiscing a tempus at, gravida vel purus.
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Dennis Green
closed issue
#548795
— bootstrap.js needs update
Ted Berry
assigned
Dennis Green
to issue
#548795
— bootstrap.js needs update


org.apache.spark
:: DeveloperApi :: An iterator that wraps around an existing iterator to provide task killing functionality. It works by checking the interrupted flag in TaskContext.
(Changed in version 2.8.0) collect has changed. The previous behavior can be reproduced with toSeq.
collect
toSeq
:: DeveloperApi :: An iterator that wraps around an existing iterator to provide task killing functionality. It works by checking the interrupted flag in TaskContext.


Command creates a file with random name in the project root and waits till VFS noticed the files
Syntax: %measureVFSUpdate [path inside the project]


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The Media module (formerly known as the Image module) displays a single media file that can be either an image, movie or sound file. The displayed file can be located on the site, at any URL or on Microsoft Azure. A large number of media types are supported including Flash, Windows media, Media AVI, MPEG, MPG, MP3, MP4, ASF, ASX, WMA, WMV, WAV, QuickTime and Real Video. Optional settings include linking an image to another resource such as another page, file, or website.
The module is integrated with social collaboration tools to allow media updates to be posted to the Journal module.
Installation Note: This module must be deployed and installed on your site by a SuperUser.
Module Version: 04.03.00 / Minimum DNN Version: 06.02.00
Features: IPortable, ISearchable
The Media Module displaying an image
The Media Module displaying a sound file


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new Mp4Frag(optionsopt)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
options |
object |
<optional> |
Configuration options.
Properties
|
Throws:
Will throw an error if options.hlsPlaylistBase contains characters other than letters(a-zA-Z) and underscores(_).
Members
(readonly) allKeyframes
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
allKeyframes |
boolean | - Returns a boolean indicating if all segments contain a keyframe.
- Returns false if any segments do not contain a keyframe. |
(readonly) audioCodec
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
audioCodec |
string | null | - Returns the audio codec information as a string.
- Returns null if requested before initialized event. |
(readonly) duration
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
duration |
number | - Returns the duration of latest Mp4 segment as a Float(seconds).
- Returns -1 if requested before first segment event. |
(readonly) initialization
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
initialization |
Buffer | null | - Returns the Mp4 initialization fragment as a Buffer.
- Returns null if requested before initialized event. |
(readonly) keyframe
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
keyframe |
boolean | - Returns a boolean indicating if the current segment contains a keyframe.
- Returns false if the current segment does not contain a keyframe. - Returns true if segment only contains audio. |
(readonly) m3u8
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
m3u8 |
string | null | - Returns the fmp4 HLS m3u8 playlist as a string.
- Returns null if requested before initialized event. |
(readonly) mime
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
mime |
string | null | - Returns the mime type information as a string.
- Returns null if requested before initialized event. |
(readonly) poolLength
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
poolLength |
number | - Returns the number of array buffers in pool
- Returns -1 if pool not in use. |
(readonly) segment
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
segment |
Buffer | null | - Returns the latest Mp4 segment as a Buffer.
- Returns null if requested before first segment event. |
(readonly) segmentObject
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
segmentObject |
object | - Returns the latest Mp4 segment as an object.
- {segment, sequence, duration, timestamp, keyframe}
- Returns {segment: null, sequence: -1, duration: -1; timestamp: -1, keyframe: true} if requested before first segment event. |
(readonly) segmentObjects
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
segmentObjects |
Array | null | - Returns the Mp4 segments as an Array of objects
- [{segment, sequence, duration, timestamp, keyframe},...]
- Returns null if requested before first segment event. |
(readonly) sequence
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
sequence |
number | - Returns the sequence of the latest Mp4 segment as an Integer.
- Returns -1 if requested before first segment event. |
(readonly) timescale
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
timescale |
number | - Returns the timescale information as a number.
- Returns -1 if requested before initialized event. |
(readonly) timestamp
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
timestamp |
number | - Returns the timestamp of the latest Mp4 segment as an Integer(milliseconds).
- Returns -1 if requested before first segment event. |
(readonly) totalByteLength
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
totalByteLength |
number | - Returns the total byte length of the Mp4 initialization and all Mp4 segments as an Integer(bytes).
- Returns -1 if requested before initialized event. |
(readonly) totalDuration
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
totalDuration |
number | - Returns the total duration of all Mp4 segments as a Float(seconds).
- Returns -1 if requested before first segment event. |
(readonly) videoCodec
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
videoCodec |
string | null | - Returns the video codec information as a string.
- Returns null if requested before initialized event. |
Methods
getSegmentObject(sequence) → {object|null}
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
sequence |
number | string | sequence number
- Returns the Mp4 segment that corresponds to the numbered sequence as an object.
- {segment, sequence, duration, timestamp, keyframe}
- Returns null if there is no segment that corresponds to sequence number. |
Returns:
- Type
- object | null
reset()
Clear cached values
resetCache()
Clear cached values
toJSON() → {object}
Returns:
- Type
- object
Events
initialized
Fires when the initialization of the Mp4 is parsed from the piped data.
Type:
- Event
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
object |
object |
Properties
|
reset
Fires when reset() is called.
Type:
- Event
segment
Fires when the latest Mp4 segment is parsed from the piped data.
Type:
- Event
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
object |
object | Mp4Frag.segmentObject
Properties
|


My Portfolio
About Me - John Eberling
Current Computer Science Major at the United States Military Academy
Aspiring Tolkien Scholar
Reverse Engineering and Pwning amateur


Pull Guard
Hip Throw
Scissor Takedown
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Lapel Drag Takedown
Sacrafice Throw (Tomoe Nage)
Greco Roman Arm Spin Throw
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ImanariRoll
Kosoto Gake - minor outer hook (trip), wrap leg around ops leg push them back


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Complete list of CMA Awards winners
Kacey Musgraves, Lil Nas X among winners
by Marianne Garvey and Chloe Melas, CNNNASHVILLE, Tenn. - The biggest names in country music took the stage at the 53rd Annual CMA Awards on Wednesday night.
Carrie Underwood hosted the night alongside country music legends Reba McEntire and Dolly Parton live from the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville and their charisma kept the show running smoothly.
Garth Brooks took the night's biggest honor, Entertainer of the Year, and album of the year went to Maren Morris.
Earlier in the night, Kacey Musgraves won for music Video of the Year for "Rainbow," while Lil Nas X and Billy Ray Cyrus won Musical Event of the Year for their remix of "Old Town Road." Blake Shelton took the stage to win the first award of the night for Single of the Year, "God's Country."
Vocal Group of the Year went to Old Dominion.
The night was also filled with showstopping performances from Miranda Lambert, Pink, McEntire, Underwood and Kelsea Ballerini and many more.
See below for a full list of this year's winners.
Entertainer of the Year
Garth Brooks *WINNER
Eric Church
Chris Stapleton
Carrie Underwood
Keith Urban
Female Vocalist of the Year
Kelsea Ballerini
Miranda Lambert
Maren Morris
Kacey Musgraves *WINNER
Carrie Underwood
Male Vocalist of the Year
Dierks Bentley
Luke Combs *WINNER
Thomas Rhett
Chris Stapleton
Keith Urban
Album of the Year
"Center Point Road," Thomas Rhett (Producers: Dann Huff, Jesse Frasure, Thomas Rhett, Julian Bunetta, The Stereotypes, Cleve Wilson)
"Cry Pretty," Carrie Underwood (Producers: David Garcia, Jim Jonsin, Carrie Underwood)
"Dan + Shay," Dan + Shay (Producers: Dan Smyers, Scott Hendricks)
"Desperate Man," Eric Church (Producers: Jay Joyce, Arturo Buenahora Jr.)
"Girl," Maren Morris (Producers: busbee, Maren Morris, Greg Kurstin) *WINNER
New Artist of the Year
Cody Johnson
Midland
Carly Pearce
Ashley McBryde *WINNER
Morgan Wallen
Song of the Year
"Beautiful Crazy," Luke Combs (Songwriters: Luke Combs, Wyatt B. Durrette III, Robert Williford) *WINNER
"Girl," Maren Morris (Songwriters: Maren Morris, Sarah Aarons, Greg Kurstin)
"God's Country," Blake Shelton (Songwriters: Devin Dawson, Jordan Schmidt, Michael Hardy)
"Rainbow," Kacey Musgraves (Songwriters: Natalie Hemby, Shane McAnally, Kacey Musgraves)
"Tequila," Dan + Shay (Songwriters: Dan Smyers, Nicolle Galyon, Jordan Reynolds)
Single of the Year
"Burning Man," Dierks Bentley feat. Brothers Osborne (Producers: Ross Copperman, Jon Randall, Arturo Buenahora Jr.; Mix Engineer: F. Reid Shippen)
"Girl," Maren Morris (Producer: Greg Kurstin; Mix Engineer: Greg Kurstin)
"God's Country," Blake Shelton (Producer: Scott Hendricks; Mix Engineer: Justin Niebank) *WINNER
"Millionaire," Chris Stapleton (Producers: Dave Cobb, Chris Stapleton; Mix Engineer: Vance Powell)
"Speechless," Dan + Shay (Producers: Dan Smyers, Scott Hendricks; Mix Engineer: Jeff Juliano)
Vocal Group of the Year
Lady Antebellum
Little Big Town
Midland
Old Dominion *WINNER
Zac Brown Band
Vocal Duo of the Year
Brooks & Dunn
Brothers Osborne
Dan + Shay *WINNER
Florida Georgia Line
Maddie & Tae
Musical Event of the Year
Maren Morris and Brothers Osborne, "All My Favorite People" (Producers: Maren Morris, busbee)
Brooks & Dunn and Luke Combs, "Brand New Man" (Producer: Dann Huff)
Garth Brooks and Blake Shelton, "Dive Bar" (Producer: Garth Brooks)
Lil Nas X and Billy Ray Cyrus, "Old Town Road (Remix)" (Producers: YoungKio, Michael Trent Reznor, Atticus Matthew Ross) *WINNER
Brantley Gilbert and Lindsay Ell, "What Happens in a Small Town" (Producer: Dann Huff)
Music Video of the Year
"Burning Man," Dierks Bentley Feat. Brothers Osborne (Director: Wes Edwards)
"Girl," Maren Morris (Director: Dave Meyers)
"God's Country," Blake Shelton (Director: Sophie Muller)
"Rainbow," Kacey Musgraves (Director: Hannah Lux Davis) *WINNER
"Some of It," Eric Church (Director: Reid Long)
Musician of the Year
Jenee Fleenor *WINNER
Paul Franklin
Mac McAnally
Ilya Toshinsky
Derek Wells


I’d like to define a class that acts just like a data.frame
, just like the data.table
class does, but contains some additional metadata (e.g. the units associated with the columns) and has some additional methods associated with it (e.g. that might do something with those units) while also working with any function that simply knows how to handle data.frame
objects.
How might this be done?
I’m not really sure where to start on this, so below is a summary of my attempt so far and some further puzzles I have stumbled across (e.g. is a data.frame
and S4 object?). This seems to work, but might not be the best way to go about it.
If I understood what the data structure underlying data.frame
was, I might have a better idea how to extend it. But I don’t know what makes a data.frame
a data.frame
, as the exploration below will illustrate:
For instance, it’s not clear if I should try writing my extended object as an S3 or an S4 object that inherits data.frame
. When is a data.frame
an S4 object and when is it an S3 object?
A <- new("data.frame")
isS4(A)
returns TRUE
, suggesting that data.frames are S4 objects and that we might start with: setClass("myclass", contains="data.frame")
. However,
B <- data.frame(x = rnorm(10))
isS4(B)
returns FALSE
, suggesting that data.frames
are S3 classes, and perhaps I should consider starting with
attr(B, “class”) <- c(“myclass”, “data.frame”)
It appears that a data.frame is built upon a list, since
is.list(data.frame(x = rnorm(10)))
gives TRUE
.
Despite isS4(B)
being FALSE
, we find that the S4 method slotNames(B)
gives:
> slotNames(B)
[1] ".Data" "names" "row.names" ".S3Class"
suggesting that data.frame
is an S4 object, with a (unnamed?) list in .Data
and nonempty values in names
, along with the slot “.S3Class” containing the string “data.frame”.
Interestingly:
B@names
returns an error, whileslot(B, "names")
returns"x"
. (SuggestingB
is S3, with someslot
method<EMAIL_ADDRESS>returns an unnamed length-1 list containing a numeric vector with our 10 random values. (and illustrating a working@
accessor, suggestingB
is S4.)
Very confusing.
From this exploration, I conclude that I can promote a list
to a data.frame
by providing an unnamed list, editing the “class” attribute, and then assigning values to the slots names
and row.names
:
obj <- list(rnorm(10))
attr(obj, "class") <- "data.frame"
slot(obj, "names") <- "x"
slot(obj, "row.names") <- 1:10
And indeed obj
acts like a proper data.frame
(at least it prints like one).
This suggests that I could extend data.frame
by adding a new slot for my units, like so:
setClass(“myclass”, representation(units = “character”), contains=“data.frame”)
But this does not inherit the slotNames names
, row.names
, .S3Class
. I try assigning these explicitly,
setClass("myclass",
representation(units = "character",
names = "character",
row.names = "integer",
.S3Class = "character"),
contains = "list")
obj <- new("myclass", names="x", row.names=1:10, units = "degrees Celsius")
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><- list(rnorm(10))
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><- "data.frame"
but this new object is not a data.frame
. Finally we add
attr(obj, "class") <- "data.frame"
and we have a successful extension that acts like a data frame. Some weird things of note: It appears that .S3Class needs to be assigned as above with @
, and not as a named argument in new
or as part of the prototype
.
This last step is almost certainly not what we really want to do, since it destroys our new class assigment (myclass
). We really want the object to have two classes, myclass
and data.frame
. However, if we do attr(obj, "class") <- c("myclass", "data.frame")
, then the object does not behave as a data.frame
at all.
One might thing that the solution would be to then define all the S3 methods as copies of those avialable for data.frames, e.g. define print.myclass <- print.data.frame
. Unfortunately this doesn’t quite work (appears not to get row.names
and hence prints column headings but not data. Defining the S4 method for row.names
with myclass
signature doesn’t fix this either…).


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These arts were drawn by Kevin Juma. A 29 year old male, who is personate about art. He has been drawing since he left high school. He wishes to start his own art gallery studio to encourage young youths, who are love art not to give up on their talents. In his studio, He has managed to recruit a few students. Mtaa Art Gallery is attracting more and more individuals as the days goes by. Now they have a place where they can express their themselves, the numbers are growing and there is need for more space and more art materials.
They were homeless, they are orphans but that did not stop them from diving into their talents. These kids dance their way to fame. Now they are the heroes to others kids who are in the same situation as they were.
In 2020 alone; We managed to sponsor 3000 students. Some in campus, secondary schools and others in primary level. Among those in the universities 350 students graduated while 270 are still studying. In general more than three quater of the students were able to join the intended institutions. Our students are among the best performing in the county.
The Green Star Talent Kenya would like to express its gratitude to a number of organizations and individuals. who stepped forword to ensure that we make change in the society.
Touch a life today Donate


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Py-Contributors is an open-source community for Python, Machine learning, Web Development and Data Science. Most of us are students and are continuously learning from each other's experiences.
Open source projects bring many benefits to those who participate in them, and such experience is great for your CV and greater for your knowledge and skills. By joining a community of like-minded people and polishing up your skills, you can give yourself a step up as an aspiring developer.
There are several reasons to contribute to OSS (open-source software) :
You can find many projects, you are free to participate on GitHub – a developer-oriented platform with a simple but essential set of functionality. You can contribute to free software in many ways. Developers can fork projects, make changes to code, and send pull requests. And quality assurance is always appreciated. Sometimes developers are too busy or too lazy to check the quality of their code. So go ahead and report a bug or try to fix it – your help is appreciated.


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--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Coffee DSL Redone With Meta-Programming author: display_name: Geoff Lane login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://www.zorched.net author_login: admin author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://www.zorched.net date: '2008-01-07 15:25:05 -0500' date_gmt: '2008-01-07 21:25:05 -0500' categories: - Code - Ruby - Groovy tags: - dsl - meta-programming ---
In a previous post I wrote about DSLs as Jargon. I implemented a simple Coffee DSL that would allow code to parse an order written by a human and turn it into a domain model. I used a fairly basic method_missing structure to capture the values.
There's a much better way to do it in Ruby with meta-programming. Meta-programming allows you to write code to write code. You program your programming. In this case we can create the syntax of Coffee using a meta-programming technique.
dsl_attr :size, %w(venti grande tall)
This is us programming the class to say: "If someone calls a method venti, grande, or tall on our object they mean that they are telling us the size of the coffee, so store that value as the size". So now we can write our Coffee class like this: {% highlight ruby %} # CoffeeDSL.rb # This is the input from the user, likely read from a file # or input through a user interface of some sort CoffeeInput = "venti nonfat whip latte" class Coffee dsl_attr :size, %w(venti grande tall) dsl_attr :whipped, %w(whip nowhip) dsl_attr :caffinated, %w(caf decaf halfcaf) dsl_attr :type, %w(regular latte cappachino) dsl_attr :milks, %w(milk nonfat soy) def order params = '' params += milks + ' ' if milks? params += caffinated + ' ' if caffinated? params += whipped + ' ' if whipped? print "Ordering coffee: #{size} #{params}#{type}\n" end def load # turn one line into multi-line "method calls" cleaned = CoffeeInput.gsub(/\s+/, "\n") self.instance_eval(cleaned) end end {% endhighlight %}
We are essentially configuring the class in code. We could add extra values as well, such as a default value, required validation, any number of things. We then just need to implement the dsl_attr using meta-programming. That can be done in the Module in Ruby which makes that available to all classes in the system.
{% highlight ruby %} class Module def dsl_attr(param_name, values) attr param_name class_eval "def #{param_name}?; @#{param_name}; end" values.each do |val| define_method("#{val}") do instance_eval %{ @#{param_name} = '#{val}' } end end end end {% endhighlight %}
Now when you run the code it captures all of the values that are parsed from the input and puts them into your object as meaningful values. {% highlight ruby %} c = Coffee.new c.load c.order {% endhighlight %}
I did the same DSL in Groovy and thought I could attempt to do it more justice using meta-programming as well. In Groovy, meta-programming is done with the ExpandoMetaClass - no, I didn't make that up. Each Class has a metaClass property that gets you access to that types' ExpandoMetaClass instance. You can then add properties and methods and whatnot to it. This has the effect of making the properties or methods callable on an instance of that type.
{% highlight ruby %} ExpandoMetaClass.enableGlobally() // have to do this to get inheritance of dslAttr Object.metaClass.dslAttr << {String param_name, values -> def clazz = delegate clazz.metaClass."${param_name}" = null values.each() { val -> clazz.metaClass."${val}" << {-> clazz."${param_name}" = "${val}" } } } class Coffee { def Coffee() { dslAttr("size", ['venti', 'tall', 'grande']) dslAttr("whipped", ['whip', 'nowhip']) dslAttr("caffinated", ['caf', 'decaf', 'halfcaf']) dslAttr("type", ['regular', 'latte', 'cappachino']) dslAttr("milks", ['milk', 'nonfat', 'soy']) } def order() { def params = '' if (null != getMilks()) params += "${getMilks()} " if (null != getCaffinated()) params += "${getCaffinated()} " if (null != getWhipped()) params += "${getWhipped()} " println "Ordering coffee: ${getSize()} ${params}${getType()}\n" } def load(String input) { // turn one line into multi-line "method calls" def cleaned = input.split(/\s+/) cleaned.each() { meth -> this.&"${meth}"() } } } def c = new Coffee() c.load("venti nonfat whip latte") c.order() {% endhighlight %}
I'm not sure if there is a better way to do this or not. Ideally I would like to have the dslAttr add something to the Coffee metaClass instead of just adding stuff to the instances, but this seems to do the trick for now.
The Ruby and Groovy implementations become fairly similar at this point. It's a great way to reduce the amount of boilerplate code you would need to normally write to implement this kind of thing in less dynamic languages.


|
YASK
Yet Another Stencil Kit: a software framework for creating HPC stencil code. Copyright 2014-2023 Intel Corporation.
|
Base class for a command-line option. More...
#include <yask_common_api.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| option_base (const std::string &name, const std::string &help_msg, const std::string ¤t_value_prefix=std::string("Current value = "), const std::string &help_line_prefix=std::string(" ")) | |
| Constructor. | |
| virtual const std::string & | get_name () const |
| Get the current option name. | |
| virtual const std::string & | get_help () const |
| Get the unformatted help string. | |
| virtual void | print_help (std::ostream &os, int width) const |
| Print help on this option. | |
| virtual std::ostream & | print_value (std::ostream &os) const =0 |
| Print current value of this option. | |
| virtual bool | check_arg (const string_vec &args, int &argi)=0 |
| Check for matching option and any needed args at args[argi]. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual void | _print_help (std::ostream &os, const std::string &display_name, int width) const |
Format and print help for option named display_name to os . | |
| virtual bool | _is_opt (const string_vec &args, int &argi, const std::string &str) const |
Check for matching option to str at args[argi] . | |
| virtual double | _double_val (const string_vec &args, int &argi) |
Get one double value from args[argi++] . | |
| virtual idx_t | _idx_val (const string_vec &args, int &argi) |
| Get one idx_t value from args[argi++]. | |
| virtual std::string | _string_val (const string_vec &args, int &argi) |
| Get one string value from args[argi++]. | |
Base class for a command-line option.
The API programmer can extend this class to add new option types.
|
protectedvirtual |
Check for matching option to str
at args[argi]
.
true
and increments argi if match, false
if not a match.
|
protectedvirtual |
Get one double value from args[argi++]
.
args[argi]
and increments argi
.| yask_exception | if args[argi] is not a double. |
|
protectedvirtual |
Get one idx_t value from args[argi++].
args[argi]
and increments argi
.| yask_exception | if args[argi] is not an integer. |
|
protectedvirtual |
Get one string value from args[argi++].
args[argi]
and increments argi
.| yask_exception | if args[argi] does not exist. |
|
inlinevirtual |
|
pure virtual |
Print current value of this option.
Implemented in yask::command_line_parser::bool_option, yask::command_line_parser::int_option, yask::command_line_parser::double_option, yask::command_line_parser::idx_option, yask::command_line_parser::string_option, and yask::command_line_parser::string_list_option.
|
pure virtual |
Check for matching option and any needed args at args[argi].
true
, sets value of option, and increments argi
if match; false
if no match, and doesn't modify argi
. Implemented in yask::command_line_parser::bool_option, yask::command_line_parser::int_option, yask::command_line_parser::double_option, yask::command_line_parser::idx_option, yask::command_line_parser::string_option, and yask::command_line_parser::string_list_option.


Collecting NMEA Data¶
Our data gathering application will be a listener. The chartplotter sends a constant stream of background messages with the requested data injected into that stream.
The collection process looks like this:
- Start data gathering.
- Fool around on the chartplotter to start transmission of waypoints or routes.
- When transmission has ended, stop data gathering.
It’s seems difficult to know when the waypoints have all been sent. It may be a simple matter of waiting for the background messages to resume. Because the transmission of waypoints is relatively rare, manually stopping data collection seems simplest.
Data Model¶
The nmea_data.Sentence
class defines the essential features of Sentence.
There are a number of subclasses, for a few of the NMEA sentences.
nmeatools.nmea_data.UnknownSentence
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPRMC
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPGGA
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPGLL
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPGSA
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPGSV
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPVTG
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPZDA
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPXTE
The following two are what we’re interested in.
nmeatools.nmea_data.GPWPL
. This is the waypoint location. The NMEA sentence has three interesting attributes: latitude, longitude, and name.nmeatools.nmea_data.GPRTE
. This is the container for a route. The NMEA sentence is rather complex, because a route can contain a large number of waypoints. NMEA messages are kept short, and each sentence will list the names of a few waypoints. There’s a sequence number that can be used to maintain order among the messages.
Process¶
The processing is embodied by nmeatools.nmea_capture.capture()
. This will
filter the incoming messages, discarding the uninteresting ones and keeping
all others. These are buffered in memory.
Currently, the background loop messages are hard-wired in the function. They can be lifted up into a parameter and an override provided from the command-line.
When ^c
is hit, the capture stops, and the captured messages are serialized to a JSON
document.
Example¶
MacBookPro-SLott:NMEA-Tools slott$ python3 -m nmeatools.nmea_capture /dev/cu.usbserial-A6009TFG
.........++++++++++..........
^CINFO:__main__:Ignored 20
INFO:__main__:Captured 10
[...some big JSON...]
INFO:__main__:Wrote 10 to <stdout>
The .
shows where an ignored message was sent. This is part of the background
loop of sending status information.
The +
shows where a captured waypoint or route message was sent.


---
layout: default
title: Custom service - Cozhihu
slug: custom
---
we accept paid customized services like Cozhihu or multi theme secondary development.
Custom service
we also accept paid customized services like Cozhihu or multi theme secondary development to improve your website user experience.
Only support the customized themes service like cozhihu or Technology Solutions:
We don't undertake any front end development job, but if ^_^.
User experience of your site is so bad, your customers will be lost. Change your customer is to change yourself.
Changing now.
Email: gidcai(#)gmail.com


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[gecode-users] Cost for values in domain
Tales Pinheiro de Andrade
tales at talesp.inf.br
Thu Nov 25 20:54:42 CET 2010
Wow, that was fast!
Thank you!
On 25 Nov, 2010,at 04:53 PM, Christian Schulte <cschulte at kth.se> wrote:
Please check the description of the element constraint, it does exactly what you need: mapping values to some other values (or, with other words, generalizing array access by allowing a variable as array index).
The case studies in MPG also contain uses of the element constraint.
Best
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, web.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf Of Tales Pinheiro de Andrade
Sent: Thursday, November 25, 2010 8:49 PM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: [gecode-users] Cost for values in domain
Sorry, I sent the message below with wrong mail account.
Begin forwarded message:
Date: 25 November 2010 4:48:17 PM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: Cost for values in domain
Hi, all
First, sorry about the bad English.
I'm searching in MPG.pdf, but still didn't find anything.
Is it possible to give cost to values in domain? I have n variables, each one with integer domain = {-1, 0, 1}. But I want to give costs for each value in each domain, and minimize the cost of the selection, obeying some other constrints.
For example: for variables z, y, z, the costs for values {-1, 0, 1} are:
Cx = {50, 20, 30}
Cy = {30, 40, 30}
Cz = {60, 20, 20}
And I want to select x, y, z minimizing Cx + Cy + Cz.
I first tought in create a bool variable for each cost in each variable. So I would get 3X more variables, with contraint that only one shoul be true. And do something like this: maximize
b_1x*c_1x + b_2x*c_2x + b_3x*c_3x +
b_1y*c_1y + b_2y*c_2y + b_3y*c_3y +
b_1z*c_1z + b_2z*c_2z + b_3z*c_3z
Is there a better way to do this?
Thank you
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Click on a CD cover to add it to the Top 5 list. If you want to start over, click the "Start Over" button to clear the Top 5 list.
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{% set suppress_feedback = true %} {% set tel = "07979 654 789" %} {% if session.callBooking.tel %} {% set tel = session.callBooking.tel %} {% endif %} {% extends '_layouts/layout.html' %} {% block page_title %}{% endblock %} {% block body_css_classes %}nhs-redesign{% endblock %} {% block content %}
It was booked at {{ now }}. A nurse will call {{ tel }}.
It’s safe to wait a bit longer, but if you’re worried call 999 and they’ll tell you what to do next.
If we can’t speak to you in that time, emergency services might be sent to make sure you’re ok.
A nurse will try and call you up to 3 times.
Call 999.
If you need to cancel ring 111 and tell them you booked a call online.


---
layout: post
title: 10/25
date: '2012-10-25T21:53:00.001-06:00'
author: Jacob .
tags:
modified_time: '2012-10-25T22:01:15.630-06:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6400085873105072120.post-3774061600706788712
blogger_orig_url: http://www.svlark.com/2012/10/1025.html
---
We're making headway in The Capable Cruiser, Teach Your Child to Read, and technical trading.
I realized what a natural progression applied finance is from an education in economics. I have no idea if I can actually make any money at it but even if not, it's been a gigantic gap in my ability to apply what I know to reality. And if I can figure it out, then it will be a great way to make money wherever we happen to find ourselves and without needing to worry about work permits.
-12.7


{{ questionReponse.libelleQuestion }} :
/{{ questionReponse.totalPts }} pts
{{ reponse.libelleReponse }}


[1]
None at this time; None at this time
[2]
Inky blacks, great shadow detail; judder issues, hdmi issues
[3]
Superior clarity and color; Cheap external speakers


Notice! You're about to be redirected to a 3rd party payment site
Lorem Ipsum legal disclaimer. Lorem Ipsum legal disclaimer. Lorem Ipsum legal disclaimer. Lorem Ipsum legal disclaimer. Lorem Ipsum legal disclaimer. Lorem Ipsum legal disclaimer. Lorem Ipsum legal disclaimer.


?6
7
8
9
10
TheNewYork
copyright
reserved
botanical
Garden
BRITISH
WEST
INDIES
iisuARA
ESTATb
Near
?Bntii—V«w
August
193f*
iiSy.yP55
botanical
garden
Hodge
01334794
01334794
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


XSLTC TrAX API
The JAXP/TrAX API
XSLTC is 100% compliant with the TrAX poriton of the JAXP API. This API is a standard extension to Java and there is not much point in describing it in detail in this document.
XSLTC's extensions to JAXP/TrAX
The Source
and Result
classes within TrAX are
used to handle input and output documents. These classes can be extended to
encapsulate additional input types. XSLTC's TrAX implementation contains an
extension to the Source
class:
org.apache.xalan.xsltc.trax.XSLTCSource
This extension class can be used to build XSLTC's internal
DOM and cache it for later usage. The following sample shows how to
use it with a Transformer:
public void run(String xmlfile, String xslfile) { // Create an XSLTCSource for the input XML document XSLTCSource source = new XSLTCSource(xmlfile); // Build a StreamSource for the stylesheet StreamSource stylesheet = new StreamSource(xslfile); // Create a Transformer instance and process the input Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer(stylesheet); transformer.transform(source, new StreamResult(System.out)); : : }
If you do chose to implement a DOM cache, you should have your cache
implement the javax.xml.transform.URIResolver
interface so
that documents loaded by the document()
function are also read
from your cache.


Dwaine is in Harry's Room
“It seems, based on the murder weapon, that this was a crime of passion. From outside I thought I heard two male voices arguing. Fred has a corroborated alibi, it wasn’t me arguing, so that leaves you.”
“It’s not how it looks. I lied earlier, yes I went back down to talk to Alex after I heard Jane go to bed. I didn’t want to say anything because I know how it would look. The cowboy boots idea isn’t going too well, I sunk all my money into it. I was hoping that Alex would help, he could have easily, but he just laughed at me. So we argued, and yes I raised my voice but that was it. I would never hurt Alex. He was my best friend. Afterwards I stormed up to bed and stayed there until you woke me up to tell me he was murdered. That is the truth, you have to believe me”
“Well, you see how bad it looks.”
“I know how it looks, that’s why I didn’t say anything…”


About me: My name is Jory Richards, and I am a multimedia professional and full stack web developer specializing in creating effective, eye-catching designs and fluid user experiences. I have been in this field for over nine years, and I have thrived in meeting the challenges of each of my client’s unique projects. I am a designer, developer, photographer, and overall a problem-solver. I am always trying to learn something new to keep up with current techniques and provide a first-class service. Please, check out my recent projects at the links below.
Portfolio: This section will include examples of best work and any of my new projects. The content will be in either a carousel-type layout or large thumbnails; when clicked, it will enlarge and have a more detailed explanation of the project. I may also include a list of my training and qualifications, potentially linking to a redacted version of my resume.
Contact: My contact page will give users a form to fill out, allowing them to send an email about their opportunities. I may list my LinkedIn, GitHub, and Facebook profile in the footer below.


I thought of a lot of things after I posted the first one, so I decided to write a second post. And there probably will be more in this installment. I tried to space this post out from the last one though so there's some variety.
11) Finding songs I like that are out of my genre of music.
12) Hanging out with Ananth Suresh and Shraddha Agrawal. I'm very glad I met them.
13) When you have a hard time expressing a complex thought or idea, or have a suspicion about how the world works, and then someone has the same sentiments and says the right words that matches exactly what you're thinking. I'm not sure if that made much sense.
14) Silly jokes that aren’t funny, but are actually really funny.
15) Friends who message you out of the blue about your life.

17) When a greedy solution is the optimal solution, or close to optimal.
18) Biking to work everyday. The weather very nice, and it's very relaxing to bike in the mornings and I get to work in a good mood even though my hair is a little crazy.
19) Seeing geese cross the road on my way to Illumio. All of the cars just stop in the middle of the road for these bunch of animals to waddle across.  It's very cute. Do gooses quack
20) The feeling when you get out of a cold shower. Yes I take cold showers call me a psychopath


Linlithgow Rose boss Brown Ferguson proud in Scottish Cup defeat to Falkirk
The League One side proved to be too strong in front of the live TV cameras as Rose fall to 4-1 defeat.
by Callum Carson, https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/authors/callum-carson/Linlithgow Rose boss Brown Ferguson said he was proud of his team's efforts despite their Scottish Cup campaign being brought to an end at home to Falkirk.
The Bairns sealed their place in the fourth round by seeing off the East of Scotland Premier League outfit n front of the BBC cameras and a 1720 capacity crowd at Prestonfield.
Conor Sammon twice scored in the first half, either side of Tommy Coyne’s close range equaliser.
And the tie was still very much up in the air until the 77th minute when Declan McManus netted Falkirk's third. Paul Dixon rounded off the scoring in the closing minutes.
Ferguson said: "I’m really pleased with the effort the players put into the game but we got beat by the better team on the evening.
"Falkirk were very sharp and they never really allowed us to get a foothold in the game but for 80 minutes we were very much in the game."
He added: "We made bad mistakes and got punished for them.
"The players stuck at it but Falkirk were at the top of their game. We can learn from that but in terms of effort and attitude, they never gave up and those are attributes we need to take forward."
It was a first ever competitive match between two sides separated by seven miles and three divisions.
But there would be no disastrous start for the away side's interim management team of Lee Miller and David McCracken as the Bairns were in front within eight minutes.
McManus did well to nick the ball off Rose left-back Kevin McKinlay and Sammon collected his pass before firing past Michael McKinven from inside the area.
The Rose fans who were silenced would be in fine voice 12 minutes later when Owen Ronald's corner was flicked on by Ross Allum with the prolific Coyne on hand to turn the ball into the net.
Falkirk restored the lead before the break, though, when Sammon was left unmarked.
A scrappy second half was dominated by Falkirk with McManus being repelled on several occasions by McKinven before slotting home in the 77th minute.
Dixon pounced to net the rebound after McKinven had parried a Sammon effort four minutes from time to book his side's safe passage into the fourth round.


Example of exercise for the model[MECHA] (https://plantmodelling.shinyapps.io/mecha/). Example created by Valentin Couvreur and Valentine Calay (Faculty of Bio-Engineers, UCL)
Petite vidéo explicative sur MECHA:
You are a researcher trying to discover a variety of millet that is more tolerant to drought. You suspect that aquaporins (water channels) are key regulators in increasing water availability for the plant through modification of root permeability. Little variability exists in genes regulating aquaporin expression in high-potential (“V0”) millet varieties. However, this variability exists in nature, and you can cross the high-potential variety with natural varieties (“V1-4”) to import new genes into the existing pool.
You have varieties with the following characteristics:
V1 : Increased expression of aquaporins in the epidermis (first cell layer on the root surface), doubling the permeability of epidermal membranes;
V2 : Increased expression of aquaporins in the cortex (tissue containing the largest cell surface area), doubling the permeability of cortical membranes;
V3: Increased expression of aquaporins in the endoderm (tissue supporting the Caspary frame), doubling the permeability of endodermal membranes;
V4: Increased expression of aquaporins in the Xylemic parenchyma (tissue surrounding the xylemic vessels), doubling the permeability of the membranes in the stele;
Illustration by Fred Bouché [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4688752.v1]]
Creating a hybrid variety bringing together genes of interest requires a lot of time, and carrying out a preliminary study using a modeling tool makes it possible to test a priori which crossing would be the most promising to modify root permeability.
Use MECHA to answer the following questions and develop explanations:
What is the impact of endoderm suberization on root permeability?
Which hybrid (V0 - V?) would a priori allow the greatest increase in root permeability in the area with an unsuberized Caspary frame?
How does the permeability of this hybrid vary compared to the variety V0, in the more mature area where the endoderm is suberized?
What factors other than aquaporins limit root permeability?
Novel multiscale insights into the composite nature of water transport in roots
Couvreur V, Faget M, Lobet G, Javaux M, Chaumont F, Draye X


Adobe Software
Activation
What is activation?
Activation
is the process of validating your software installation to enable the product
use rights for a specific computer. The product use rights are granted by your
software license agreement.
What rights does my product
license agreement provide?
The Adobe product license agreement allows
you to install and use the product on a primary computer and also on a
secondary computer (on a desktop computer at home or on a laptop computer),
provided that the two copies are not used simultaneously. For more information
about Adobe software licenses, see Adobe product license agreements.
Is any personal
information transmitted during activation?
No.
Activation is completely anonymous and no personally identifiable information
is transmitted. The unique serial number assigned to each copy of Adobe software is combined with a
“machine identifier” for your computer. When you activate your product, this
machine identifier, the product serial number, and the string name of the
computer are transmitted to Adobe to ensure that each genuine copy of its software is not
activated more than the permitted number of times. The activation system does
not collect, transmit, or use any personal information.
I have used Adobe software with activation in the
past. What’s different now?
Adobe is simplifying the activation process. In the past, activation was an
explicit process that you needed to complete within 30 days of first using the
product. Starting with Acrobat 9, the software activates automatically upon
detecting an active connection to the Internet. Activation occurs silently in
the background. Activation via the telephone will no longer be necessary or
offered as an option.
How do I activate my software
if I don’t have access to the Internet?
The Adobe software detects when a connection
to the Internet is available and processes the activation automatically. If a
connection is not available, the product will continue to run normally and will
attempt to activate during a subsequent session.
Can I move my license
to a new computer?
Yes. You
can deactivate the software either on your primary or secondary computer, and
start using it on your new computer. A license can be deactivated a maximum of
20 times. If you attempt to deactivate more than 20 times, the deactivation
will be denied and the software will remain activated on your computer.
What happens if my
computer is stolen or damaged and cannot be repaired?
If your
computer is stolen, damaged beyond repair or the hard drive is completely
re-imaged, the activation will be lost. In either case you can install and
start using the Adobe product on your new computer, which will automatically detect
the problem if you already had two computers activated. The activation process
will guide you through the new activation, even if the prior computer is no
longer available.
My serial number was
rejected. What does that mean?
While
processing the activation, the Adobe activation application may
determine that the serial number you provided is either invalid (non-genuine)
or has been explicitly revoked. In either case you will receive a message, and be
given the opportunity to enter a new serial number for your Adobe software product.
My company purchases Adobe licenses under a volume agreement.
How does activation affects me?
Product
activation applies mostly to the individual retail versions of Adobe Acrobat 9 and is generally not
part of the Adobe Open Options programs. In some regions, however, activation might
apply to certain volume licensing programs. Volume licensing customers who
order Adobe software products should order
licensing program-specific CD sets. Contact your Adobe Authorized Reseller or customer
service representative if you have questions, or see Adobe Open Options.
Who can I contact for
more information?
You can contact
an Adobe Customer
service agent to help you with your activation problem.
Additional
information and details on activation are available at the Adobe Product Activation center.


A cross-browser CSS-detection module for breakpoints.
The following breakpoints are set:
cssBreak.add('small', '(min-width: 500px)')
cssBreak.add('medium', '(min-width: 800px)', true) // Legacy IE
Which causes events to be fired on the window object:
cssBreak.on('enter:small', function () {
console.log('Entering small breakpoint')
})
cssBreak.on('exit:small', function () {
console.log('Exiting small breakpoint')
})
Therefore, the exit:mq event is called when you are leaving the breakpoint for a smaller size, and the enter:mq event called when you reach the breakpoint.
Hint: Look in the console.log to see the results!


Before Change
slice_no = data.shape[2] // 2
fvtk.add(ren, fvtk.peaks(csd_peaks.peak_dirs[:, :, slice_no:slice_no + 1],
stopping_values[:, :, slice_no:slice_no + 1]))
print("Saving illustration as csd_direction_field.png")
fvtk.record(ren, out_path="csd_direction_field.png", size=(900, 900))
After Change
which we will use as the basis to perform the tracking.
ren = window.Renderer()
ren.add(actor.peak_slicer(csd_peaks.peak_dirs, csd_peaks.peak_values))
if interactive:
window.show(ren, size=(900, 900))
else:
window.record(ren, out_path="csd_direction_field.png", size=(900, 900))
.. figure:: csd_direction_field.png
:align: center
**Direction Field (peaks)**
``EuDX`` [Garyfallidis12]_ is a fast algorithm that we use here to generate
streamlines. This algorithm is what is used here and the default option
when providing the output of peaks directly in LocalTracking.
streamline_generator = LocalTracking(csd_peaks, tissue_classifier,
seeds, affine=np.eye(4),
step_size=0.5)
from dipy.tracking.streamline import Streamlines
streamlines = Streamlines(streamline_generator)
We can visualize the streamlines using ``actor.line`` or ``actor.streamtube``.
ren.clear()
ren.add(actor.line(streamlines))
if interactive:
window.show(ren, size=(900, 900))
else:
print("Saving illustration as det_streamlines.png")
window.record(ren, out_path="det_streamlines.png", size=(900, 900))
.. figure:: det_streamlines.png
:align: center


residue = Orientation.equalityConstraint(T1, T2);
This function returns the Real residue vector with 3 elements. This vector has zero elements if transformation matrices T1 and T2 are identical, i.e. they describe the same orientation. The residue vector is determined by computing the relative transformation matrix between T1 and T2 and using the outer-diagonal elements of this matrix to formulate the residue in such a way that only identical orientation objects lead to a zero residue vector.
encapsulated function equalityConstraint import Modelica; import Modelica.Mechanics.MultiBody.Frames.TransformationMatrices; extends Modelica.Icons.Function; input TransformationMatrices.Orientation T1 "Orientation object to rotate frame 0 into frame 1"; input TransformationMatrices.Orientation T2 "Orientation object to rotate frame 0 into frame 2"; output Real residue[3] "The rotation angles around x-, y-, and z-axis of frame 1 to rotate frame 1 into frame 2 for a small rotation (should be zero)"; end equalityConstraint;


CMPT 295
- Unit - Machine-Level Programming
- Lecture 15
- Assembly language
- Program Control
- Function Call and Stack
- Passing Control – cont’d
Happy Lunar New Year!
- 新年快乐 / 新年快樂 – Xīnnián kuàile
- Cung Chúc Tân Xuân
- Chúc Mừng Năm Mới
- 새해 복 많이 받으세요 – saehae bog manh-i bad-euseyo
- 过年好 / 過年好 – Guò nián hǎo
Homework
Memory Allocation Example
Where does everything go?
Code:
#include ... //shared libraries
char hugeArray[1 << 31]; /* 231 = 2GB */// data
int global = 0; // data
int useless(){ return 0; } // text
int main ()
{
void *ptr1, *ptr2; //stack
int local = 0; //stack
ptr1 = malloc(1 << 28); /* 228 = 256 MB*/ //heap
ptr2 = malloc(1 << 8); /* 28 = 256 B*///heap
/* Some print statements ... */
}
Stack in list form:
- Stack (down arrow)
- …
- Shared libraries
- …
- heap (up arrow)
- data
- Text
- …
Why 8?
- pushq src
- Fetch value of operand src
- Decrement %rsp by 8
- Write value at address given by %rsp
- popq dest
- Read value at %rsp (address) and store it in operand dest (must be register)
- Increment %rsp by 8
1) %rsp contains the memory address 0x0018
| Register | Memory Address |
|---|---|
| %rsp | 0x0018 |
| 0x0010 | |
| 0x0008 |
2) %rsp contains the memory address ____
| Register | Memory Address |
|---|---|
| 0x0018 | |
| %rsp | 0x0010 |
| 0x0008 |
Last Lecture
- Function call mechanisms: 1) passing control, 2) passing data, 3)
managing local data on memory (stack)
- Memory layout
- Stack (local variables …)
- Heap (dynamically allocated data)
- Data (statically allocated data)
- Text / Shared Libraries (program code)
- A “stack” is the right data structure for function call / return
- If multstore calls mult2, then mult2 returns before multstore returns
- x86-64 stack register and instructions: stack pointer %rsp, push and pop
(unless I’m missing something, this contains exactly the same slides as Lecture 14 here. Everything in the “example 1 steps X and Y” portion, read that for this section)
Summary
- Function call mechanisms: 1) passing control, 2) passing data, 3) managing local data on memory (stack)
- Memory layout
- Stack (local variables …)
- Heap (dynamically allocated data)
- Data (statically allocated data)
- Text / Shared Libraries (program code)
- A “stack” is the right data structure for function call / return
- If multstore calls mult2, then mult2 returns before multstore returns
- x86-64 stack register and instructions: stack pointer %rsp, push and pop
- x86-64 function call instructions: call and ret
Next Lecture
- Introduction
- C program -> assembly code -> machine level code
- Assembly language basics: data, move operation
- Memory addressing modes
- Operation leaq and Arithmetic & logical operations
- Conditional Statement – Condition Code + cmovX
- Loops
- Function call – Stack – Recursion
- Overview of Function Call
- Memory Layout and Stack - x86-64 instructions and registers
- Passing control
- (highlighted) Passing data – Calling Conventions
- Managing local data
- Recursion
- Array
- Buffer Overflow
- Floating-point operations