Astrophysicists have developed a theoretical model for black holes to predict if growth by gas accretion or by merger is dominant.It’s valid, they say, from the local Universe up to redshift 10 (roughly from the present day to about 13 billion years ago) – and it suggests that the main growth channel depends on the mass of the black hole and on redshift.In the nearby Universe small black holes grow mostly by accretion, while very big black holes grow mostly via mergers. In the very-far-away Universe, there is a reversal: small black holes grow mostly by mergers, big black holes by accretion.The model is the work of Avi Loeb and Fabio Pacucci from the Centre for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian . They presented their results at the virtual 236th meeting of the American Astronomical Society and also published a paper in The Astrophysical Journal.According to previous studies, black holes that grow mostly by accretion are predicted to rotate much faster on their axes than those that grow mostly via mergers.“As the rate of rotation, or spin, fundamentally affects the way the region around a black hole shines, studying the main growth modality of black holes helps to provide us with a clearer picture of how bright these sources can be,” Pacucci says.
“We already know that matter falls toward the event horizon of black holes and, as it speeds up, it also heats up, and this gas starts to emit radiation.  “They’re one billion times more massive than the Sun, and they are able to emit enormous amounts of radiation so we can observe them from even billions of light years’ distance.”
Loeb adds that even if their environment is gas-free, “black holes can grow in mass through galaxy mergers”.
“We believe that every galaxy contains a massive black hole at its centre, which regulates the formation of stars in their host,” says Pacucci.
“Understanding how black holes formed, grew and co-evolved with galaxies is fundamental to our understanding and knowledge of the universe, and with this study, we have one more piece of the puzzle.” Future observations will test the new model, the researchers say, because the next generation of space-based X-ray and gravitational wave observatories, including Lynx, Athena, AXIS and LISA – the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna – will be able to detect most of the black holes investigated in this work, up to the very early Universe.
Most black holes form from the remnants of a large star that dies in a supernova explosion. (Smaller stars become dense neutron stars, which are not massive enough to trap light.) If the total mass of the star is large enough (about three times the mass of the Sun), it can be proven theoretically that no force can keep the star from collapsing under the influence of gravity. However, as the star collapses, a strange thing occurs. As the surface of the star nears an imaginary surface called the "event horizon," time on the star slows relative to the time kept by observers far away. When the surface reaches the event horizon, time stands still, and the star can collapse no more - it is a frozen collapsing object.
Even bigger black holes can result from stellar collisions. Soon after its launch in December 2004, NASA's Swift telescope observed the powerful, fleeting flashes of light known as gamma ray bursts.


Why Join Peak Training?
At Peak Training, we offer the top quality of the most current holistic fitness and nutritional aspects known in the field. We offer month-to-month personal training and class sign-up programs. We provide affordable prices paired with a family-friendly environment and state-of-the-art equipment combine for a unique and inviting experience. We strive to make each member feel welcome and to create an atmosphere that is comfortable for our members. To make things even easier, some of our locations even offer corporate memberships that can help boost office productivity and morale. Contact your local club for membership details today!
No Longterm Commitments, Great Programs!
- No Long-term fees to stay fit
- No Contracts on any of our fitness programs
- Great fitness training at a low price
- All Fitness Programs include optional organic diet programs
Advanced Fitness Facility & Equipment
- Newest Ergonomic Free Weights
- Most Updated Cardio Machines
- Spacious Facility with plenty of Equipment
- Private Lockers & Showers
- Juice Bar


Your Developers
Alexander Cooter
Project Lead
Zachary Chapman
Web 1 Landing Page
Britney Parkerson
Web 2 React One
Benjamin Koehler
Web 3 React Two
Mason Roberts
Web 3 React Two
Project Lead
Web 1 Landing Page
Web 2 React One
Web 3 React Two
Web 3 React Two


◆ $paramtypesmap
◆ _addition
| const _addition = "_addition" |
◆ _commission
| const _commission = "_commission" |
◆ _deduction
| const _deduction = "_deduction" |
◆ _directDeposit
| const _directDeposit = "_directDeposit" |
◆ _disability
| const _disability = "_disability" |
◆ _earning
| const _earning = "_earning" |
◆ _employerContribution
| const _employerContribution = "_employerContribution" |
◆ _expense
| const _expense = "_expense" |
◆ _federal
| const _federal = "_federal" |
◆ _medicare
| const _medicare = "_medicare" |
◆ _other
◆ _salary
| const _salary = "_salary" |
◆ _sick
◆ _socialSecurity
| const _socialSecurity = "_socialSecurity" |
◆ _state
◆ _tax
◆ _unemployment
| const _unemployment = "_unemployment" |
◆ _vacation
| const _vacation = "_vacation" |
◆ _wage
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


|
AbstractServiceModelImpl
(93.2%) PooledServiceModel (98.4%) PooledServiceModel.PooledService (100%) PooledServiceModelFactory (100%) PrimitiveServiceModel (100%) PrimitiveServiceModelFactory (100%) ServiceModelMessages (50%) SingletonServiceModel (98%) SingletonServiceModelFactory (100%) ThreadedServiceModel (97.8%) ThreadedServiceModel.CleanupListener (100%) ThreadedServiceModelFactory (100%) |


Abstract
Emotions are integral to the social media user experience; we express our feelings, react to posted content and communicate with emoji. This may lead to emotional contagion and undesirable behaviors such as cyberbullying and flaming. Nearly real-time negative emotion detection during the use of social media could mitigate these behaviors, but existing techniques rely on corpora of aggregated user-generated data - posted comments or social graph structure. This paper explores how live data extracted from smartphone sensors can predict binary affect, valence and arousal during the typical social media tasks of browsing content and chatting. Results show that momentary emotion can be predicted, using features from screen touches and device motions, with peak F1-scores of 0.86, 0.86, 0.88 for affect, valence and arousal.
More Info
This work was led by Mintra Ruensuk, a PhD candidate at UNIST. The outcome of this work has been published to ASIAN-CHI in 2019. Check out details in Mintra's portfolio.
Image Credit
Photo by Erik Lucatero on Unsplash


|
BTK
0.3dev.0
Open-source library to visualize/process biomechanical data
|
The code compiles without any warning nor error under the tested configurations:
If your configuration is not listed here, please send an email to the mailing list to report it.
As seen in the Advanced tutorial, it is pretty easy to Write a new class using the existing classes in BTK. If you want to add your new class in the BTK source code, then you need to embed it in the CMake project. First, it is important to add your file(s) in the folder representing the module to extend.
Edit the file CMakeLists.txt
found in the folder where you add your files and add the CPP file in the sources to compile. In the case where your class is only composed of header, then you don't have to add any filename in CMakeLists.txt
.
For example, if you want to add the class btk::EventDetector
composed of the files btkEventDetector.h
and btkEventDetector.cpp in the module BasicFilters, then you have to:
Code/BasicFilters
CMakeLists.txt
in the folder Code/BasicFilters
# Part of the file Code/BasicFilters/CMakeLists.txt SET(BTKBasicFilters_SRCS btkAcquisitionUnitConverter.cpp btkEventDectector.cpp # <-- New line added. Your class will be compiled and integrated in the module BTKBasicFilters btkForcePlatformsExtractor.cpp btkForcePlatformWrenchFilter.cpp btkMergeAcquisitionFilter.cpp btkSeparateKnownVirtualMarkersFilter.cpp btkSpecializedPointsExtractor.cpp btkGroundReactionWrenchFilter.cpp ) ADD_LIBRARY(BTKBasicFilters ${BTK_LIBS_BUILD_TYPE} ${BTKBasicFilters_SRCS}) TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(BTKBasicFilters BTKCommon) # ...
For other extension (add a new wrapper, a new module, ...), please contact the developers by using the mailing list. In some case, it is possible that a developer already starts the same extension without commit it as it is not enough mature and can help you.
When developing a new class / function / method, it is strongly advised to write at the same time, some unit tests, or regression tests. These tests give the possibility to check if the behavior of the code corresponds to the desired results. And later, to be sure that the general behavior stays the same even if you refactor the code.
You will find more information using google: http://www.google.com/search?q=Test+Driven+Development
The library used in BTK to write the unit tests is a modified version of CxxTest. This code is embedded in the Utilities
folder. The source code was modified to keep only the ErrorPrinter
runner (no GUI) and add macros to generate the test runner instead of using Perl or Python.
Basically, the tests are defined in a suite of tests. So it is important to start by defining a suite by using the macro CXXTEST_SUITE
and then, define inside the desired tests with the macro CXXTEST_TEST
.
Even if the suite and its test are defined you have to active them into the runner. This is done by using the macro CXXTEST_SUITE_REGISTRATION
and CXXTEST_TEST_REGISTRATION
to register the suite and the selected test respectively.
To deactivate a test, you have only to comment its registration.
In BTK, the unit tests are in the Testing/Code
folder. The Testing/Data
folder contains input and output files used mainly by the tests for the modules IO and BasicFilters. To stay compatible with the current design, you have to write the tests' definition in a header file. Then this file is included in the _TDD*
file associated with the module where your class was added. Now, compile the code and execute it to see if all the tests pass (you need to activate the option BUILD_TESTING in CMake).
The following list describes the contents of the files in the Testing/Code
folder:
_TDD.cpp
contains the main
function where the test runner is executed ;_TDDBasicFilters.cpp
contains the tests for the module BasicFilters ;_TDDCommon.cpp
contains the tests for the module Common ;_TDDConfigure.h.in
contains the required header to use CxxTest and the definition of the IO paths ;_TDDIO.cpp
contains the tests for the module IO ;*
.h All the tests.The following subsections explain how to format the syntax of the files for the code, and its documentation.
.h
.cppinstead
of the equal operator ==
) ;_p
;To keep clean the headers, it has been chosen to write the documentation into the definition part of the code (in most of the case, in the CPP file).
The Doxygen documentation uses the JavaDoc style and the Doxygen command use the arobase @
instead of the backslash \
character. For example:
/** * @class Acquisition btkAcquisition.h * @brief Contains the data related to a biomechanical acquisition. * * A biomechanical acquisition can contains: * - 3D data (makers, points, forces, moments, ...) ; * - analog channels (force platform, emg, ...) ; * - events * - acquisition's setup ; * - subject's informations. * * @ingroup BTKCommon */
Every function / class / method or member (public and protected) must have a block of documentation with at least a description and set into a module (using the command @ingroup
). The known modules are listed in Modules
page and reported here:
A class must have also a brief description to be included in the Class Index
page.
If you need to add references into the description, then you can add the name of the authors ans the date between parenthesis (e.g. Foo et al, 2009 ; Bar & Foo, 2010) and add a paragraph named Reference at the end of the description. This paragraph will contain the details of the reference(s). The format should be:
For example:
@par Reference Shimba T.@n An estimation of center of gravity from force platform data.@n Journal of Biomechanics, 1984, 17(1), 53–60.
which gives the results:
The library BTK uses Subversion (SVN) to manage files and directories, and the changes made to them, over time. You can use the following free clients to checkout the code.
For an exhaustive list of the Subversion clients, you can check this page on Wikipedia.
The code is hosted by google and can be browsed here. It lists the trunk (the default branch) and its folder. If you prefer, you can also access to the list of changes.
The URL to use in the SVN client to download the latest source code for the trunk is the following: http://b-tk.googlecode.com/svn/BTK/trunk. This URL gives you a read-only access to the source code. Only the members can commit into the source code.
If you add a functionality, fix a bug, add some documentation or correct it (or ...) and want to share it with the community, you can create a patch and send it to the mailing list. To create a patch, few rules must be respected to be able to apply this patch easily.
Note: For TortoiseSVN user, check this help to create patch.
For bug reports and feature requests, please use the issue tracker. It gives you a list of the opened issues. Check the closed issues (Select "All issues" instead of "Open issues" and click on search) before submitting a new one.
For the moment, it exists one mailing list where users and developers can write to each other. If necessary this mailing list could be splitted to separate user and developer discussions.
Check the mailing list BTK Users to subscribe or access to the archives


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- A
- B
- G
- I
- N
- S
| [RW] | script | |
| [RW] | steps |
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 32 def self.gem_reset Gem.use_paths(GEM_DIR, [GEM_DIR, GEM_CENTRAL_DIR]) end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 25 def self.init gem_reset Gem::Specification.find_by_name('sources') rescue Gem::LoadError install_sources end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 207 def self.install_sources require 'base64' sources_gem = File.join(LIB_DIR, "sources-0.0.1.gem") File.open(sources_gem, "wb") do |f| f << Base64.decode64( " ZGF0YS50YXIuZ3oAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAADAwMDA2NDQAMDAwMDAwMAAwMDAwMDAwADAwMDAwMDAwMjYw ADAwMDAwMDAwMDAwADAxMzMxNQAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB1c3RhcgAwMHdoZWVs AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAd2hlZWwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwMDAwMDAwADAwMDAwMDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAfiwgAAKBzRAADyslM0i/OLy1KTi3WK0pioAkw AAIzMxMwDQTotIGhCYINFgcKGBsxKBjQxjmooLS4JLEIaH15RmpqDh51hOTR PTdEQG5+SmlOqoJ7ai6XgoIDNCUo2CpEK2WUlBRY6eunp+YCU0ZpUmVaflF6 qh6QUIoFKk1JTVMoTs1J04NqAQoh9AM5qXkpXCA80P4bBaNgFIyCUYAdAAAA AP//AwBOIUx0AAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAG1ldGFkYXRhLmd6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAw MDAwNjQ0ADAwMDAwMDAAMDAwMDAwMAAwMDAwMDAwMDYzMAAwMDAwMDAwMDAw MAAwMTM0MDAAIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAdXN0YXIAMDB3aGVlbAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHdoZWVsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAMDAwMDAwMAAwMDAwMDAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAH4sIAACgc0QAA4SRyW7cMAyG73wKNndPNCkaFDrkmntb9FIEgizR thItLiVneftKHk88QYHWMqCF5E/yY9d1+ImX/u069Y9kirynIOX3mYwbnNHF pYjQ7COFrJ6Jc32RKA5fD8cj5Eu/3XqEqANJzGlhQxneDX9n+nkyISBeiIvD EawuVeJGiNtOfOluPqMQcv2xE7d1g7yEoPlN4o/JZZy1edIj4czp2VnKaNNL 9EnbcxU4JEamkAphbQZdzEV7v5YOTL8Xx6RmXaYsETr0rgcK2vl6m1KguYrL E4oqNFZXTmsbCDWbYTeXtXjQS0mb3E7A0qAXXxS9klmK7n3T6l20jiXWHSad FdtkJA7aZzoXZFVLqP4PUMpvp4hAsTSavF9bQ4hdXVd3V/XUzv+cRPs+TENc jgfmCq0yCBKbCGQ3RhdH9UR1FmCIizKTdhuLKXHN/+sBYHCe3tleb2QO3EOh XNRmbY6Ng0orz+2FXgvrlc+l3w5zd6OY97CPDNqLpZmipWjcOeYPAAAA//8D ADLcAkIBAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ".gsub(/^ +/, '') ) end Gem::Installer.new(sources_gem).install() end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 85 def initialize(script, &blk) @steps = [] @script = script instance_eval &blk unless no_steps? app = self.class.setup_app(self) end end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 36 def self.setup_app(setup) appt = "Setting up for #{setup.script}" Shoes.app :width => 370, :height => 158, :resizable => false, :title => appt do background "#EEE".."#9AA" image :top => 0, :left => 0 do stroke "#FFF"; strokewidth 0.1 (0..158).step(3) { |i| line 0, i, 370, i } end @pulse = stack :top => 0, :left => 0 @logo = image "#{DIR}/static/shoes-icon-blue.png", :top => -20, :right => -20 stack :margin => 18 do title "Shoes Setup", :size => 12, :weight => "bold", :margin => 0 para "Preparing #{setup.script}", :size => 8, :margin => 0, :margin_top => 8, :width => 220 @pr = progress :width => 1.0, :top => 70, :height => 20 button "Cancel", :top => 98, :left => 0.4 do self.close end start do @th = Thread.start(self.app) do |app| begin setup.start(app) rescue => e puts e.message end end end end animate 10 do |i| i = 10 @pulse.clear do fill black(0.2 - (i * 0.02)) strokewidth(3.0 - (i * 0.2)) stroke rgb(0.7, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0 - (i * 0.1<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- i, @logo.top - i, @logo.width + (i * 2)) end @pr.fraction = $fraction if @script Shoes.visit(@script) close end end end end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 128 def activate_gem(name, version) Gem::Specification.find_by_name(name, version).activate end
TODO: add GUI
Note: this feature is experimental, and uses private Bundler APIs. Don’t expect this to always work, though it seems to for now. Bundler expects to be activated before the rest of your application. Please see the notes here: github.com/shoes/shoes/commit/9114457d487353a0c16e521284ad164835c64b4e#diff-0
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 112 def bundler options = {} bundler_version = options[:version] || Gem::Requirement.default bundler_file = options[:file] || "Gemfile" Gem::Specification.find_by_name( "bundler", bundler_version ).activate rescue Gem::LoadError Gem::DependencyInstaller.new.install("bundler", bundler_version) ensure require 'bundler' require 'bundler/cli' Bundler::CLI.new(:gemfile => bundler_file).install end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 98 def gem name, version = nil arg = "#{name} #{version}".strip name, version = arg.split(/\s+/, 2) Gem::Specification.find_by_name(name, version) rescue Gem::LoadError @steps << [:gem, arg] end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 94 def no_steps? (@steps.map { |s| s[0] }.uniq - [:source]).empty? end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 124 def source uri @steps << [:source, uri] end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 132 def start(app) old_ui = Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui ui = Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui = Gem::ShoesFace.new(app) count, total = 0.5, @steps.length ui.progress count, total steps.each do |act, arg| case act when :gem name, version = arg.split(/\s+/, 2) count += 1 ui.say "Looking for #{name}" begin Gem::Specification.find_by_name(name, version) rescue Gem::LoadError ui.title "Installing #{name}" installer = Gem::DependencyInstaller.new begin installer.install(name, version || Gem::Requirement.default) self.class.gem_reset activate_gem(name, version) ui.say "Finished installing #{name}" rescue Object => e ui.error "while installing #{name}", e raise e end end when :source ui.title "Switching Gem servers" ui.say "Pulling from #{arg}" Gem.sources.clear << arg self.class.gem_reset end ui.progress count, total end Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui = old_ui app.instance_variable_set("@script", @script) end
Source: show
# File lib/shoes/setup.rb, line 171 def svn(dir, save_as = nil, &blk) dir.gsub! /(.)\/*$/, '\1/' if save_as.nil? or save_as.empty? save_as = File.join(GEM_DIR, 'svn', '1') save_as.succ! while File.exists? save_as elsif save_as.index(GEM_DIR) != 0 save_as = File.join(GEM_DIR, 'svn', save_as) end mkdir_p(save_as) puts "** Pulling down #{dir}..." svnuri = URI.parse(dir) case svnuri.scheme when "http", "https" REXML::Document.new(svnuri.open { |f| f.read }). each_element("/svn/index/*") do |ele| fname, href = ele.attributes['name'], ele.attributes['href'] case ele.name when "file" puts "- #{dir}#{href}" URI.parse("#{dir}#{href}").open do |f| File.open(File.join(save_as, fname), 'wb') do |f2| f2 << f.read(16384) until f.eof? end end when "dir" svn("#{dir}#{href}", File.join(save_as, fname)) end end else raise NotSupportedByShoes, "Only HTTP addresses are supported by Shoes's Subversion module." end if blk Dir.chdir(save_as, &blk) end end


{% extends "base_site.html" %} {% block about_id %}current{% endblock %} {% block content %}
This site is meant to be used as a tool for users of open source and sometimes commercial software who must keep constant track of new security bugs as soon as they appear in the wild. In its current state it constantly scans a number of security focused mailing lists for posts matching your criteria.
System Administrators who manage web based software are the primary audience for this tool, although it may be useful for anyone who wishes to keep track of 0-day advisories in their own hosted applications.
This tool was primarily written to track 0-day advisories on the BugTraq mailing list for php based web applications that I administer. However as it simply scans any number of different mailing lists based on very flexible criteria there are many other possible uses. At the moment however I would like to keep it security oriented.
My idea was that since many of these exploits consist of XSS, file include or SQL Injection which are generally fairly simple to fix by even a beginning programmer, but may not be fixed by the official provider for some time, it would be useful to have a way to scan bugtraq and other mailing lists and be alerted as soon as these exploits are discovered.
Even given the informal nature of these postings this is quite accurate as the vast majority of posters will put the application/project/component name in the subject of the message.


Dear, User
To reset your password use the following token: {{token}}
If you have not requested a password reset simply ignore this message.
Sincerely
vantage6 Support Team


You allow people to steal things from widows
and do unfair things to children without fathers.
3 When I punish you
by sending people from distant lands to cause you disasters,
to whom will you run to get help?

But even after that happens,
Yahweh will still be very angry with you.

It is true that their army is like a rod or a club with which I punish other nations
because I am very angry with those nations.
6 Sometimes I send the Assyrians to attack a godless nation,
to fight against other people who have caused me to be angry.
I send them to capture people and to seize and take away their possessions,
and to trample them like people walk on mud in the streets.
7 But the king of Assyria does not understand;
he does not realize that he is only like a weapon in my hand.
He only wants to destroy people,
to get rid of many nations.
8 He says, 'All of my army commanders will soon be kings of these nations that I conquer!
9 We destroyed the city of Calno as we destroyed the city of Carchemish.

I have been able to do them because I am very wise and very intelligent.
My army removed the barriers at the borders of nations
and carried away all their valuable things.
My army has knocked down their kings like a ferocious bull would.
14 Like someone who reaches into a bird's nest to take away the eggs,
we have taken away the treasures of other countries.
The people were not like birds that would have flapped their wings or chirp loudly to protest about their eggs being stolen;
the people did not object at all to their treasures being stolen.'
15 But I am Yahweh, and I say that an ax certainly cannot boast about being stronger than the person who uses it,
and a saw is not greater than the person who uses it.
A rod cannot control the one who holds it,
and a wooden club cannot lift up a person.

The soldiers of Assyria are like thorns and briers,
and Yahweh will burn them up in one day.
18 There are glorious forests and fertile farmlands in Assyria, but Yahweh will completely destroy them;
they will be like a very sick person who shrivels up and then dies.
19 There will be very few trees left in those forests;
even a child will be able to count them."
20 In the future there will be only a few people left in Israel;
not many descendants of Jacob will still be alive.
But they will no longer rely on the king of Assyria,
the king of the nation that tried to destroy them.
Instead, they will faithfully trust in Yahweh, the Holy One who rules Israel.
21 Those Israelites will return to their mighty God.
22 Now, the people of Israel are as numerous as the grains of sand on the seashore,
but only a few of them will return from the countries to which they will be exiled.

26 Yahweh, Commander of the angel armies, will strike them with his whip.
He will do to them as he did when he defeated the army of the Midian people group,
and as he did when he caused the army of Egypt to drown in the sea of Reeds.
27 One day in the future, Yahweh will cause the army of Assyria to stop oppressing you, his people;
he will end your suffering and your being slaves of the people of Assyria;
he will take away the load that you people of Judah have been carrying,
and cause things to go well for you.
28 One day in the future this will be the situation: The army of Assyria has entered northern Judah near Aiath;
they have gone through Migron
and stored their supplies at Micmash, north of Jerusalem.
29 They have crossed through a mountain pass
and set up their tents at Geba.
People in Ramah will tremble because of they are afraid.
The people of Gibeah, where King Saul was born, have all run away.
30 You people of Gallim will cry out for help!
They will shout to the people of the city of Laish near Jerusalem to warn them!
The people of Anathoth will suffer a lot.
31 The people of Madmenah north of Jerusalem are all running away,
and the people of Gebim close to Jerusalem are trying to hide.
32 The soldiers of Assyria will stop at the city of Nob outside Jerusalem.
They will shake their fists
as they threaten the people on Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
33 But listen to this!
It is as though they are a huge tree that he will cut down.
34 He will destroy the soldiers of Assyria
as men use big axes to cut down the tall trees in the forests of Lebanon.


JK WebDev
Music
Search
Daily inspiration:
© 2014-2016 John W. Kilgo VI -
[
]
- Photos I.Z. and/or #6


class SpotifyCache
<init>()
val cachedRequests: ConcurrentHashMap<SpotifyRequest, CacheState>
fun clear(): Unit


X
A scale 3D version of our galaxy (well... .001% of it). WebVR enabled by A-Frame. Fork it on github. Follow me on twitter.
Keyboard Controls:
- W - forward
- A - strafe left
- S - back
- D - strafe right
- E - rewind time
- R - forward time
- X - toggle exoplanet labels
- C - toggle constellation lines
- V - toggle sun highlight
Mouse Controls
- Click and drag to look
- Position reticle and click to activate targeted object


Class: RSpec::Rails::Matchers::BeANew Private
- Inherits:
-
BaseMatcher
- Object
- BaseMatcher
- RSpec::Rails::Matchers::BeANew
- Defined in:
- lib/rspec/rails/matchers/be_a_new.rb
Overview
This class is part of a private API. You should avoid using this class if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.
Matcher class for be_a_new
. Should not be instantiated directly.
Constant Summary
Constants inherited from BaseMatcher
RSpec::Rails::Matchers::BaseMatcher::UNDEFINED
Instance Method Summary collapse
Methods inherited from BaseMatcher
#description, #diffable?, #expects_call_stack_jump?, #match_unless_raises, #supports_block_expectations?
Methods included from RSpec::Rails::Matchers::BaseMatcher::DefaultFailureMessages
Instance Method Details
#with(expected_attributes) ⇒ Object
23 24 25 26 |
# File 'lib/rspec/rails/matchers/be_a_new.rb', line 23 def with(expected_attributes) attributes.merge!(expected_attributes) self end |


Easy way of loan, faster you GROW
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi ullamcorper velit sed iaculis tristique. Etiam eget lobortis arcu. Duis et lectus quis massa maximus feugiat quis et purus.
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Spotify augmented playlist management
Share your music in a group
Based on the spotify service, get access to all the music spotify has to offer. Share your playlist with your friends, having access to all the extra available functionality.
Only the playlist member needs to have an Spotify account to use the service. All other users can register to the playlist using a simple auth method, simplifiying the access of your application.
Because it is based on Spotify, the playlist can be listened by anyone you want. Very cool for discovering the types of music a group likes.
The first step is login with a owner account - must be a spotify account. https://developer.spotify.com/web-api/tutorial/
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Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper. Praesent commodo cursus magna, vel scelerisque nisl consectetur. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo.


| Created: | 6/26/2020 3:16:43 PM |
| Modified: | 6/26/2020 3:16:43 PM |
| Project: | |
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Public varchar(255) created_by |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) created_at |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) updated_at |
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Public varchar(255) updated_by |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) start_date |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) end_date |
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Public jsonb ods_meta |
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Public varchar(255) ods_created_by |
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| Owner | public |
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| isFinalSpecialization: | 0 |


STIGMATA RATING: 5 / 10 --> Not a good movie
For more reviews and movie screensavers, visit http://www.joblo.com/
What you get when you cross a badly-done veiled version of THE EXORCIST with an MTV video directed by a man who might consider Tony Scott, Michael Bay and Simon West as his modern-day directorial heroes? Read on.
PLOT: Mary Jane Nobody gets inflicted by the stigmata, a condition in which a person is physically impaled like Jesus was on the cross. Being an atheist, she doesn't understand why this is happening to her, and neither does the brooding priest/scientist who comes from the Vatican to investigate the supernatural event.
CRITIQUE: The answer to the question from above is that you get STIGMATA, a film which relies mostly on style and mood, and leaves the story element far away in the backseat. I personally do enjoy films with a lot of stylish camera tricks, but this one went a little overboard, with an overabundance of shots featuring water dripping down, tight close-ups, slow motion scenes, quick edits and loud music. This wouldn't have been too bad if the story had enough meat to straddle my interest, but unfortunately, I was bored after the first hour of watching Patricia Arquette get bloodied over and over again, without much else going on. Redundancy, you have a name and it is Stigmata!  Yikes!). One thing's for sure, I ain't much into religion, but I can't imagine anyone from the church being too much of a happy camper after seeing this flick.
On the positive tip, I sure did enjoy the soundtrack which proved that Smashing Pumkin Billy Corgan could sure do a great Trent Reznor impression, and the performance by Patricia Arquette, which was excellent as a cute, hip, young chick who anyone, at least in our generation, could relate to. And how about all of her funky getups and apartment fillers? Very kewl! Byrne was okay as the Jason Miller part from the original EXORCIST, but did they have to toss in a cheesy romance? Not my bag. Anyway, all in all, this film might satisfy some folks who love the MTV-style movies with little plot development despite a lot of movement, and Patricia Arquette fans, but thriller fans, lovers of the supernatural genre, will not find anything to get excited about in this bombastic retread. And despite not appreciating the film's story line, I do mark it higher than usual, because I personally do like Patricia Arquette and enjoyed some of its stylish intent. Unfortunately, the director went too far in this area, believing himself to be directing an action/adventure film instead of a taut thriller.
Little Known Facts about this film and its stars: I really did not know this fact before I wrote my actual review, but after reading through some of the studio's production notes, it was a nice confirmation to find out that director Rupert Wainwright was once an acclaimed commercial and music video director! Score one for the home team. :) He directed commercials for clients ranging from Reebok and Sprint, to music videos for Michael Jackson and NWA. His first major directing gig was 1994's BLANK CHECK for Walt Disney. Born in Chicago, but raised in Southern California, actress Patricia Arquette is surrounded by actors in her family. Her father Lewis and grandfather Cliff started it all, while her siblings Rosanna, Richmond, David and Alexis continuing it alongside her today. This must be a widely known fact by now, but Patricia has been married to actor Nicolas Cage since 1995. However, the way they got together is quite interesting: Cage proposed to Patricia on the day he met her in the early 80s. Arquette thought he was a bit strange but played along with his antics by creating a list of things Cage would have to fulfil to win her (Like a black rose, J.D. Salinger's autograph, etc...). When he started to work his way through the list, Arquette got scared and avoided him. They met again many years later and later went on to marry. Gabriel Byrne comes straight out of Dublin, Ireland, and professes to be a Catholic.  He only started acting at the age of 29 and came to America for the first time when he was 37. Before becoming an actor, he was an archeologist, a schoolteacher, a short-order cook and a bullfighter. He was also married to actress Ellen Barkin for about ten years. Actress Nia Long's career got started by Betty A. Bridges, mother of actor Todd Bridges AKA ex-Different Strokes cast member. Betty was her acting coach for 15 years Billy Corgan's previous experience in composing music for film includes Mel Gibson's RANSOM, which he partly scored. This film was originally titled TOBY'S STORY.
Review Date: September 11, 1999 Director: Rupert Wainwright Writers: Tom Lazarus and Rick Ramage Producer: Frank Mancuso Jr. Actors: Patricia Arquette as Frankie Paige Gabriel Byrne as Father Andrew Kiernan Jonathan Pryce as Cardinal Daniel Houseman Genre: Thriller Year of Release: 1999 --------------------------------------- JoBlo's Movie Emporium http://www.joblo.com --------------------------------------- (c) 1999 Berge Garabedian
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


start-pulseaudio-x11(1) start-pulseaudio-x11(1) NAME start-pulseaudio-x11 - PulseAudio Sound Server X11 Startup Script SYNOPSIS start-pulseaudio-x11 [pulseaudio options] DESCRIPTION This script starts pulseaudio (if not already running) and loads modules to publish access credentials to the PulseAudio server in the X11 root window and to synthesize X11 media key events on cork/uncork requests. Additionally it registers PulseAudio to the X11 Session Manager. All arguments are directly passed to pulseaudio. AUTHORS The PulseAudio Developers <pulseaudio-discuss (at) lists (dot) freedesk‐ top (dot) org>; PulseAudio is available from http://pulseaudio.org/ SEE ALSO pulseaudio(1) Manuals User start-pulseaudio-x11(1)


Choose any topping for a
$1 each
Cheese
Pepperoni
Sausage
Bacon
Black Olives
Green Olives
Mushrooms
Onion
Pineapple
Sun Dried Tomatoes
Choose a size
Small
$10
Medium
$15
Large
$20
View price
Your total is $


11 farmers killed as speeding coach rams into motorbike rickshaw in Matiari
by https://www.dawn.com/authors/354/mohammad-hussain-khan, Mohammad Hussain KhanEleven farm workers were killed and five other travellers injured on Thursday in a major road mishap on the National Highway near Matiari district's Saeedabad area.
The deceased were on their way to the riverine area in Matiari district for the harvesting of the banana crop. They were said to be residents of Matiari's Pir Bux Khoso village.
“A speeding coach from Punjab rammed into the motorbike rickshaw carrying the farmworkers,” said Matiari Senior Superintendent of Police Asif Bughio. He said that the incident occurred early Thursday morning. The bus driver managed to escape, he added.
Bodies of the deceased were taken to Pir Bux Khoso village in Saeedabad by police. The injured were taken to the government hospital in the adjoining Benazirabad district.
The deceased belonged to Khoso and Kohli communities.
 Police have impounded the bus.
The farmworkers had left for the riverine area for crop harvesting early morning. The banana crop is grown on a large scale inside the katcha (riverine) area.


I have searched the net far and wide for more information on the Henbane plant, especially dosage information. I have found very little data on the subject.
Some time ago, a friend of mine purchased some henbane seeds from an online vendor. I agreed to be a sitter while Tim tried smoking the seeds. I convinced him to start with a very low dose, about 3 seeds. I figured try smoking a few, wait an hour or so, then possibly smoke 3 more. The seeds are very small, and Tim was not certain that he got a hit. After an hour went by, there were no noticable effects, so he smoked 3 more seeds. Again, nothing of note. This concluded the experiment for the evening.
On the next attempt, Tim smoked about 6 seeds at once. After about 45 minutes, he smoked about 8 more. He said there was a very slight 'woozy' effect, but nothing substantial. He quit for the evening.
The last experiment was quite a bit more aggressive. He smoked about a dozen seeds at once. After about a half hour, he smoked roughly 20 more seeds. He claimed that the 'woozy' effect had returned, but he was nothing even close to a 'trip'. He ended up smoking well over 100 seeds that evening. In fact, he smoked all that was left. He did not have any significant reaction to the seeds.
After reading up on Henbane, I am very surprised that this was not a sufficient dose. The seeds apparently are higher in alkaloid content than the leaves.
 BEING THAT TROPANE ALKALOIDS CAN BE VERY DANGEROUS, I SUGGEST THAT YOU USE THE CAUTIOUS APPROACH THAT WE DID TO FIND THE PROPER DOSAGE. I am hoping that there will be more information about this plant available in the future.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


| Path: | doc/BACKUPS |
| Last Update: | Tue May 29 16:20:59 +0100 2012 |
You can backup the database using mysqldump using the following syntax. The database name, username and password follows that which was used in the install guide - however the username and password should be different for you if you‘d changed them as suggested.
mysqldump -umysqluser -pmysqlpassword seek_production > seek_production.sql
The is also no harm in backing up the entire SEEK directory, however the essential directory to backup it the filestore/ directory. This is the directory that contains all asset files, and other potentially important files.
Should you ever need to restore the database you can do so by logging into mysql
mysql -umysqluser -pmysqlpassword
and creating the database (assuming it no longer exists), connecting to it, and importing the dump:
>create database seek_production; >\r seek_production >\. ./seek_production.sql
The files can be restored simply by copying the <em>filestore/<em> directory back into the SEEK root directory.
Incremental backups allow you to recover a particular version of the backup from a given point in time, depending upon the frequency of the backup and when the back ups started.
For our own SEEK deployments, we use rdiff-backup within a simple script that is run nightly using crontab. e.g.
#!/bin/sh logger "Local Rdiff backup started" BACKUPDIR=/var/backups/seek INCLUDE=/etc/rdiff-backup/backup.include EXCLUDE=/etc/rdiff-backup/backup.exclude /usr/bin/rdiff-backup --terminal-verbosity 9 --print-statistics --terminal-verbosity 2 --exclude-globbing-filelist $EXCLUDE --include-globbing-filelist $INCLUDE --exclude / / $BACKUPDIR logger "Local Rdiff backup complete"
where backup.include is a file that includes a list of paths (files or directories) to be backed up, and backup.exclude is a list of paths that should be excluded.
BACKUPDIR can also be an ssh url, e.g backup@backupserver.co.uk:/var/local/backup/


Swaying loops
Using 4D OpenSimplex noise in the context of algorithmic botany.
March 6, 2019
The code written to make the animation above and the one below can be found on the noise-loops branch of the Evolutionary Botany GitHub repository. The OpenSimplex noise implementation that I’m using is called SimplexNoiseJS and was written by Mark Spronck.
Context
This blog post is part of my research project Towards an algorithmic cinema, started in April 2018. I invite you to read the first blog post of the project to learn more about it.


{% for member in contactGroup.members %}
{% with member.name as title %}
{% with member.emailLink|safe as value %}
{% include "contactgroup_memberrow.html" %}
{% endwith %}
{% endwith %}
{% endfor %}
{% for field in contactGroup.additionalFields %}
{% with field.title as title %}
{% with field.value as value %}
{% include "contactgroup_additionalfieldrow.html" %}
{% endwith %}
{% endwith %}
{% endfor %}


This is a collection of WebRTC test pages.
Patches and issues welcome! See CONTRIBUTING.md for instructions. The Developer's Guide for this repo has more information about code style, structure and validation.
Audio and Video streams
Iframe apprtc
Iframe video
Multiple audio streams
Multiple peerconnections
Multiple video devices
Multiple video streams
Peer2peer
Peer2peer iframe
Single audio stream
Single video stream


Blacksmith of Mammon:
Craft S-Grade Dualsword.
Bestow special capability on S-Grade weapon.
Release seal on S-Grade armor.
Release seal on S-Grade accessory.


Main Page
|
Modules
|
Class Hierarchy
|
Alphabetical List
|
Compound List
|
File List
|
Compound Members
cdbdaemon::user_info Struct Reference
[
Informations about user
]
All informations about user.
More...
#include <
cdbdaemon.h
>
List of all members.
Public Attributes
std::string
id
std::string
login
std::string
dom_id
std::string
country
std::string
city
std::string
birthday
std::string
area_id
std::string
work_id
std::string
edu_id
std::string
sex_id
std::string
locale
std::vector< std::string >
ints_id
std::string
re_que
std::string
re_ans
Detailed Description
All informations about user.
Definition at line
98
of file
cdbdaemon.h
.
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:
cdbdaemon.h
Generated on Thu Dec 25 13:37:19 2003 for vqwww: freemail by
1.3.3


About Me
Hello! I am Priyadarshini J R. I am a student at SSN College of Engg.
What I Enjoy Doing
I love reading books and coding.
Contact Me
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Hello! I am Priyadarshini J R. I am a student at SSN College of Engg.
I love reading books and coding.
Email:priyadarshinijr@gmail.com


As Vilnar led his mounted patrol through the streets of the New City, not far from the tall outer city wall, its gray stone streaked with silver and white in the midday sun, he thought about shaving his beard. Some others already had shaved; even if everyone said the heat was unnatural, it must be cooler back in Saldaea.
Letting his thoughts roam was safe enough. He could guide his horse in his sleep, and only the most foolhardy cutpurse would ply his trade anywhere near ten Saldaeans. They rode about at random so the fellows would not know where they were safe. In truth, more often than having to catch thieves, they merely arrested those who came to them. The toughest bullyboy in Caemlyn would come running for Saldaeans to take him up before the Aiel could. So Vilnar kept half an eye on the street and let his mind drift. He thought about the girl back home in Mehar he would like to marry; Teryane’s father was a merchant, and wanted a soldier for a son perhaps more than Teryane wanted one for a husband. He thought about the game those Aiel women had suggested; Maiden’s Kiss sounded innocent enough, but there had been a gleam in their eyes he did not quite trust.
Vilnar had always wanted to see an Aes Sedai, and certainly there could be no better place than Caemlyn now, unless he went to Tar Valon one day. Apparently there were Aes Sedai all over Caemlyn. He had ridden to Culain’s Hound, where rumor had a hundred, but at the last moment he could not make himself go in. He was brave enough with a sword in his hand and a horse between his knees and men or Trollocs in front of him, but the thought of Aes Sedai turned him shy. Besides, the inn would not have accommodated a hundred women, and none of the girls he saw could possibly be Aes Sedai. He had gone to The Crown of Roses, too, and watched from across the street, but he was not sure any of the women he had seen was Aes Sedai, and that made him sure they were not.
He cocked an eye at a thin woman with a wide nose coming out of a tall house that must belong to a merchant; she stood frowning at the street before finally donning a wide-brimmed straw hat and hurrying off. Vilnar shook his head. He could not have said how old she was, but that was not enough. He knew how to recognize an Aes Sedai. Let Jidar claim they were so beautiful they could kill a man by smiling, and let Rissen insist they were all a foot taller than any man. Vilnar knew it was the face you could tell by, the timeless face of an immortal. It must be impossible to mistake that.
As the patrol came opposite the towered, vaulting arch of the Whitebridge Gate, Vilnar forgot about Aes Sedai. Outside, one of the farmer’s markets stretched alongside the road, long open stone sheds roofed in red or purple tiles, pens full of calves and pigs and sheep, chickens and ducks and geese, stalls selling everything from beans to turnips. Usually those markets were a cacophony of farmers crying their wares, but now except for the clamor of the animals silence marched along the market toward the gate, beside one of the oddest processions Vilnar had ever seen.
A long column of farmers four abreast on horseback made the bulk of it, and there seemed to be wagons behind. Farmers for sure in those rough coats, but every one of them in Vilnar’s sight had the longest bow he had ever seen slung across his back, a full quiver at one hip and a long knife or short sword at the other. Leading the procession was a white banner bordered in red with a red wolf’s head, and a mix of people as odd as the column. There were three Aiel, afoot of course, two of them Maidens, and a fellow whose bright green-striped coat and virulent yellow breeches said he was a Tinker, except he had a sword on his back. He was leading a horse as big as a Nashun draft horse, with a saddle meant for a giant. The leader seemed to be a heavy-shouldered shaggy-haired fellow with a short beard and a wicked axe on his belt, and at his side rode a Saldaean woman in dark narrow divided skirts who kept looking up at him with the fondest . . .
Vilnar sat forward in his saddle. He recognized that woman. He thought of Lord Bashere, in the Royal Palace right that moment. More, he thought of Lady Deira, and his heart sank; she was in the Palace too. If some Aes Sedai had waved her hand and turned that column into Trollocs, Vilnar would have been overjoyed. Maybe this was the price for daydreaming. Had he kept his mind on his duty, the patrol would have been long past here by now. Still, he had his orders.
Wondering whether Lady Deira would have his head for a ball, he deployed his men in the gate.
Perrin let his dun stallion walk within ten paces of the city gate before drawing rein. Stepper was as happy to stop; he did not like the heat. The mounted men blocking the gate were Saldaeans, by those bold noses and tilted eyes; some wore glossy black beards, some thick mustaches, and some were clean-shaven. Every man save one had a hand on his sword hilt. The air stirred from them, not quite a breeze; there was no fear smell. Perrin looked at Faile, but she was bent over Swallow’s arched neck, intent on fiddling with the black mare’s bridle; she smelled faintly of herbal soap and anxiety. They had heard news of Saldaeans in Caemlyn these last two hundred miles and more, led by Faile’s father supposedly. That did not seem to worry Faile, but she was certain her mother would be in Caemlyn as well. She said that did not worry her either.
“We don’t even need the bowmen,” Aram said quietly, stroking the hilt that stuck up over his shoulder. His dark eyes seemed eager; he certainly smelled eager. “There are only ten. You and I could cut through them ourselves.” Gaul had veiled himself, and almost certainly Bain and Chiad had too, on the other side of Faile.
“No archers, and no cutting,” Perrin said. “And no spears, Gaul.” He did not say anything to Bain or Chiad; they only listened to Faile anyway. Who did not appear ready to look up or say a word any time soon. Gaul merely lowered his veil with a shrug; Aram frowned in disappointment.
Perrin kept his expression mild as he turned back to the Saldaeans. Yellow-gold eyes made some men nervous. “My name is Perrin Aybara. I think Rand al’Thor will want to see me.”
The bearded fellow who had not touched his sword gave a small bow from the saddle. “I am Vilnar Barada, Lord Aybara, Underlieutenant sword-sworn to Lord Davram Bashere.” He said that very loudly, and come to think of it, he had been avoiding looking at Faile. She sighed at mention of her father and scowled at Barada, the more so when he continued to ignore her. “Lord Bashere’s orders,” the man went on, adding as an afterthought, “and the Lord Dragon’s, are that no noble can enter Caemlyn with more than twenty armed men or fifty servants.”
Aram shifted on his horse. He was even more prickly about Perrin’s supposed honor than Faile, which was saying something, but thank the Light, he would not unsheathe his sword unless Perrin said to.
Perrin spoke over his shoulder. “Dannil, take everybody back to that meadow we passed about three miles back and make camp. If a farmer shows up to complain, give him some gold and smooth him down. Let him know he’ll be paid for any damage. Aram, you go with them.”
Dannil Lewin, a beanpole of a man with a thick mustache that almost hid his mouth, knuckled his forehead despite all the times Perrin had told him a simple “all right” would do, and immediately began giving orders to turn everyone around. Aram stiffened, of course—he never liked being far from Perrin—but he said nothing, equally of course. Sometimes Perrin thought he had acquired a wolfhound in the former Tinker. Not good for a man to be that way, but he did not know what to do about it.
He expected Faile to say a good deal about sending everyone back—he expected her to bring up what was due his so-called position and insist on the twenty Barada had mentioned, and as close to the fifty as they could manage as well—but she was leaning out of her saddle to speak in whispers with Bain and Chiad. He made a point of not listening, though he could still make out parts of words. Something about men, sounding amused; women always seemed either amused or angry when they talked of men. Faile was the reason he had all these people trailing after him, and the banner to boot, though he had not yet figured out exactly how she had done it. There were servants back in the wagons, men and women wearing livery with a wolf’s head on the shoulder. Even the Two Rivers folk had not complained; they seemed as proud of it as any of the refugees.
“Does that satisfy?” he asked Barada. “You can escort the rest of us to Rand, if you don’t want us running loose.”
“I think . . . ” Barada’s dark eyes darted to Faile and away. “I think that would be best.”
As Faile straightened, Bain and Chiad trotted to the line of horsemen and pushed through as if they were not there. The Saldaeans did not even look surprised, but then, they must be used to Aiel; all the rumors said Caemlyn was full of Aiel already.
“I must find my spear-brothers,” Gaul said abruptly. “May you always find water and shade, Perrin Aybara.” And away he darted after the women. Faile hid an amused smile behind a gray-gloved hand.
Perrin shook his head. Gaul wanted Chiad to marry him, but by Aiel custom, she had to ask him, and though according to Faile she was willing to become his lover, she would not give up the spear and marry. He seemed as affronted as a Two Rivers girl would have been in the same circumstance. Bain seemed to be part of it too, somehow; Perrin did not understand how. Faile professed not to know, if a bit too quickly, and Gaul grew sullen when asked. An odd people.
The Saldaeans made a way through the crowds, but Perrin paid little mind to crowds or city. He had seen Caemlyn once, some of it, and he did not much like cities anymore. Wolves seldom came close to a city; he had not sensed one for two days. What he did do was study his wife with sideways looks, trying not to let her notice. He might as well have stared. She always rode erect, but now she was stiff in her saddle, glaring at Barada’s back. The man’s shoulders were hunched as if he could feel her eyes. A falcon could not glare as well as Faile.
Perrin expected she was thinking of the same thing as he, though maybe not along the same lines. Her father. She might have a few explanations to make—she had run away, after all, to become a Hunter for the Horn—but Perrin was the one who had to face the Lord of Bashere, Tyr and Sidona and tell the man a blacksmith had married his daughter and heir. It was not something Perrin looked forward to. He did not think he was particularly brave—doing what you had to do was not bravery—but he had never really thought he might be a coward until now. The thought of Faile’s father dried his mouth. Maybe he should see to setting up the camp. A letter sent to Lord Bashere could explain everything. A carefully composed letter might take two or three days to write. Maybe more. He was no hand with words.
A glimpse of the crimson banner waving lazily above the Royal Palace brought him back with a thump. The rumors had spoken of that. Perrin knew it was not the Dragon banner, whatever the rumors said—some claimed it meant the Aes Sedai served Rand; others that he served them—and he wondered why Rand was not flying the Dragon banner itself. Rand. He could still feel Rand pulling at him, greater ta’veren tugging at lesser. It did not tell him where Rand was; it was not that kind of pull. He had left the Two Rivers expecting to ride to Tear or maybe the Light alone knew where, and only a river of rumors and tales flowing west across Andor had brought him here. Some very disturbing tales and rumors. No, what he felt was more a need to be near Rand, or maybe Rand’s need for him, like an itch between his shoulders he could not scratch. Now it was close to being scratched, and he almost wished it was not. He had a dream, one that Faile would laugh at, adventurous as she was. He dreamed of living in a small house with her, somewhere in the country, far from cities and strife. There was always strife around Rand. But Rand needed him, and he would do what he had to.
In a great, column-ringed courtyard overlooked by marble balconies and pointed spires, Perrin slung his belt, weighted by his axe, on the saddle—it was a relief to be rid of it for a while—and a white-robed man and woman took Stepper and Swallow. With a few words Barada turned Faile and him over to cold-eyed Aielmen, many wearing scarlet headbands marked with the black-and-white disc, who led them inside and with even fewer words handed them to Maidens who were just as frosty. Perrin did not recognize any of them from the Stone, and his efforts at making conversation were met with blank looks. Their hands flashed Maiden handtalk, and one was chosen out to take him and Faile deeper into the Palace, a lean sandy-haired woman he thought might be about Faile’s age. She named herself Lerian, the only words she spoke except to warn them not to wander. He wished Bain or Chiad were there; a familiar face would have been pleasant. Faile glided down the corridors like the grand lady she was, yet at every crossing hallway she looked both ways quickly. Plainly she did not want to be surprised by her father.
Finally they reached a pair of doors, each carved with a lion, where two more Maidens rose from squatting on their heels and still more handtalk flickered before the sandy-haired Maiden went in without knocking.
Perrin was wondering whether it was always like this around Rand now, Aiel guards and nobody speaking, when suddenly the doors were flung open, and there was Rand in his shirtsleeves.
“Perrin! Faile! The Light shine on your wedding day,” he laughed, kissing Faile lightly. “I wish I could have been there for it.” She looked as confused as Perrin felt.
“How did you know?” he exclaimed, and Rand laughed again, clapping him on the shoulder.
“Bode’s here, Perrin. Bode and Jancy and all of them. In Caemlyn, anyway. This is as far as Verin and Alanna got them before they heard about the Tower.” He looked tired, his eyes drawn, though his laughter did not sound it. “Light, Perrin, the things they told me you’ve been up to. Lord Perrin of the Two Rivers. What does Mistress Luhhan say to that?”
“She calls me Lord Perrin,” Perrin muttered wryly. Alsbet Luhhan had smacked his bottom more often growing up than his mother had. “She curtsies, Rand. She actually curtsies.” Faile eyed him askance. She said he embarrassed people when he tried to stop all the bowing and curtsying; as for his embarrassment when they did, she said it was part of the price he had to pay.
The Maiden who had gone in squeezed by Rand coming out, and he gave a start. “Light, I’m keeping you in the door. Come in; come in. Lerian, tell Sulin I need more punch. The melon. And tell her to hop.” For some reason the three Maidens laughed as if Rand had said something funny.
One step inside the sitting room, a floral scent of perfume told Perrin there was another woman there before he saw her. When he did, he stared. “Min?” The hair in short curls, the embroidered blue coat and breeches were wrong, but the face was right. “Min, it is you!” Laughing, he caught her up in a hug. “We are gathering everybody, aren’t we? Faile, this is Min. I told you about her.”
That was when he realized what he was smelling from his wife, and put Min down while she was still grinning at him. Suddenly he was too much aware that those tight breeches showed the shape of Min’s legs very well. Faile had very few faults, but she did have a slight tendency toward jealousy. He was not supposed to know she had chased Calle Coplin half a mile with a stick, as if he would ever look twice at another woman when he had her.
“Faile?” Min said, holding out her hands.  I suppose he might make a good husband at that, once you housebreak him.”
Faile took Min’s hands smiling, but oh, that acrid, bristly scent. “I’ve not succeeded in the housebreaking yet, Min, but I intend to keep him at least until I do.”
“Mistress Luhhan curtsies?” Rand shook his head in disbelief. “I will have to see that to believe it. Where’s Loial? Did he come? You didn’t leave him outside?”
“He came,” Perrin said, trying to keep an eye on Faile without being obvious, “but not all the way, not yet. He said he was tired, and needed a stedding, so I told him one I know of, an abandoned one north of the road from Whitebridge, and he set off for it afoot. He said he would be able to feel it once he was within ten miles or so.”
“I suppose you know Rand and Perrin very well?” Faile asked, and Min glanced at Rand.
“For a while, anyway. I met them right after they first left the Two Rivers. They thought Baerlon was a grand city.”
“On foot?” Rand said.
“Yes,” Perrin said slowly. Faile’s scent was changing, the thorny jealousy dwindling away. Why? “He would rather use his feet, you know. He bet me a gold crown he would be here in Caemlyn no more than ten days after us.” The two women were looking at one another, Faile smiling and Min coloring slightly; Min smelled faintly embarrassed, Faile pleased. And surprised, though only a hint showed on her face. “I didn’t want to take his coin—he has to go fifty miles or more out of his way—but he insisted. He wanted to make it five days.”
“Loial always did say he could outrun a horse,” Rand laughed, but there had been a pause. Laughter faded. “I hope he makes it safely,” he said more seriously. He was tired, and different in other ways, too. The Rand Perrin had last seen in Tear had not been soft, far from it, but this Rand made that one look an innocent farmboy. He did not blink often enough, as if a blink might hide what he needed to see. Perrin recognized something of that look; he had seen it on the faces of Two Rivers men after the Trolloc attacks, after the fifth, the tenth, when it seemed hope was gone but you went on fighting because the cost of giving up was too great.
“My Lord Dragon,” Faile said, startling Perrin; she had always called him Rand before, though they had been hearing the title since Whitebridge, “if you will forgive me, I will just have a word with my husband then leave you two to talk.”
She hardly waited for Rand’s surprised assent to close on Perrin, turning him so her back was to Rand. “I will not go far, my dear heart. Min and I will have our own conversation about things that would very likely bore you.” Fussing with his lapels, she began speaking hurriedly under her breath, so softly that anyone except him would have had to strain their ears. She did recall his hearing sometimes. “Remember he is not your boyhood friend any longer, Perrin. At least, not only that. He is the Dragon Reborn, the Lord Dragon. But you are Lord of the Two Rivers. I know you will stand up for yourself, and for the Two Rivers.”  “There,” she said in a normal tone. “You are all straight again.” She no longer gave off the slightest scent of jealousy.
Offering Rand a graceful curtsy and a murmur of “My Lord Dragon,” she held out a hand to Min. “Come, Min.” Min’s curtsy was considerably less practiced, and made Rand start.
Before they reached the doorway, one of the doors banged open and a tall liveried woman entered with a silver tray holding goblets and a pitcher that gave off the smell of wine and honey-melon juice. Perrin almost stared. Despite the red-and-white dress, she could have been Chiad’s mother, or maybe grandmother with that short curled white hair. Frowning at the departing women, she stalked to the nearest table and set down the tray, her face a mask of meekness that seemed frozen in place. “I was told four, my Lord Dragon,” she said oddly; he thought she might be trying for humble respect but had something caught in her throat, “so I brought for four.” Her curtsy made Min’s look elegant, and she slammed the door on her way out.
Perrin looked at Rand.  You are the married man.” Rand filled a silver-chased goblet with punch and handed it to him. “If you don’t know, you will have to ask Mat. I know less every day.”
“So do I,” Perrin sighed. The punch was certainly cooling, Rand did not seem to be sweating at all. “Where is Mat, anyway? If I had to guess, I would say in the nearest tavern, and odds or evens whether he has a dice cup in his hands or a girl on his knee.”
“He had better have neither,” Rand said grimly, setting down his punch untouched. “He is supposed to be bringing Elayne here to be crowned. And Egwene and Nynaeve, I hope. Light, there’s so much to do before she gets here.” His head swung like a bear’s at bay; then he fixed on Perrin. “Would you go to Tear for me?”
“Tear! Rand, I have been over two months on the road. My bottom’s taken on the shape of the saddle.”
“I can have you there tonight. Today. You can sleep in a general’s tent, and stay away from saddles as long as you like.”
Perrin stared at him; the man seemed serious. Suddenly he found himself wondering how Rand’s sanity was holding. Light, it had to hold, at least until Tarmon Gai’don. He took a long swallow of the punch to wash the bitter thought out of his mouth. What a way to think about a friend. “Rand, if you could set me down in the Stone of Tear right now, I would still say no. I have to talk to someone here in Caemlyn. And I’d like to see Bode and the others.”
Rand did not seem to be listening. He flung himself into one of the gilded chairs and stared at Perrin bleakly.  Well, I’m juggling now for all I am worth, and it isn’t easy. Sammael in Illian; the rest of the Forsaken the Light only knows where. Sometimes I don’t even think they are the worst of it. Rebels who think I’m a false Dragon. Dragonsworn who think they can burn villages in my name. Have you heard of the Prophet, Perrin? No matter; he’s no worse than the rest. I have allies who hate each other, and the best general I can name to face Illian wants nothing better than to charge off and be killed. Elayne should be here in maybe a month and a half with luck, but I may just have a rebellion on my hands here before then. Light, I want to give her Andor whole. I thought of going to get her myself, but that is the worst thing I could do.” He rubbed his face with both hands, speaking behind them. “The very worst.”
“What does Moiraine say?”
Rand’s hands came down far enough for him to look over them. “Moiraine is dead, Perrin. She killed Lanfear and died, and that’s an end to that.”
Perrin sat down. Moiraine? It did not seem possible. “If Alanna and Verin are here . . . ” He rolled the goblet between his palms. He could not really make himself trust either woman. “Have you asked their advice?”
“No!” Rand’s hand slashed a sharp cutting gesture. “They stay clear of me, Perrin; I made that plain.”
Perrin decided to ask Faile to find out what was going on from Alanna or Verin. The two Aes Sedai often made him vaguely uneasy, but Faile seemed to get on well with them. “Rand, you know as well as I do it’s dangerous to anger Aes Sedai.  Rand said nothing, but at least he seemed to be listening, with his head tilted.  I don’t pretend to know what’s going on in the Tower, but—”
Rand gave himself a shake and leaned forward. “The Tower’s split right down the middle, Perrin.  I don’t know what they think, exactly. Three days in a row, I’ve met some of their embassy. I am supposed to meet again this afternoon, and I still cannot pin them down. They ask a sight more questions than they answer, and don’t seem much pleased I won’t give them any more answers than they give me. At least Elaida—she is the new Amyrlin, if you’ve not heard—at least her people say something, even if they do seem to think I’ll be so impressed by Aes Sedai curtsying that I won’t dig too deep.”
“Light,” Perrin breathed. “Light! You mean to say part of the Aes Sedai really have rebelled, and you’ve put yourself square between the Tower and the rebels?  Did you never think you might have enough trouble from Aes Sedai without that? I tell you true, Rand. Siuan Sanche made my toes curl up in my boots, but at least you knew where you stood with her. She made me feel like I was a horse and she was trying to decide whether I’d do for a long hard ride, but at least she made it plain she didn’t mean to saddle me herself.”
Rand’s laugh was too hoarse to hold any mirth. “Do you really think Aes Sedai would leave me alone just because I left them alone? Me? The Tower splitting is the best thing that could have happened for me. They’re too busy staring at one another to turn full attention on me. Without that, there’d be twenty Aes Sedai everywhere I turned. Fifty. I have Tear and Cairhien behind me, after a fashion, and a toehold here. Without the split, every time I opened my mouth, there’d be somebody saying, ‘Yes, but the Aes Sedai say.’ Perrin, Moiraine did her best to tie cords to me until I forced her to stop, and truth to tell, I’m not so sure she stopped then. When an Aes Sedai says she’ll advise you and let you decide, she means she knows what you should do and will make you do it if she can.” Taking up his goblet, he drank deeply. When he lowered it, he seemed calmer. “If the Tower was whole, I’d have so many strings tied to me by now, I could not move a finger without asking six Aes Sedai for permission.”
Perrin very nearly laughed himself, and no more in mirth than Rand. “So you think it’s better to—what?—play the rebel Aes Sedai off against the Tower? ‘Cheer the bull, or cheer the bear; cheer both, and you will be trampled and eaten.’ ”
“Not that simple, Perrin, though they don’t know it,” Rand said smugly, shaking his head. “There’s a third side, ready to kneel to me. If they make contact again. Light! This isn’t how we should be spending our first hour together again, talking about Aes Sedai. Emond’s Field, Perrin.” His face softened almost to the Rand Perrin remembered, and he grinned eagerly. “I only had a short time with Bode and the others, but they mentioned all kinds of changes. Tell me what’s changed, Perrin. Tell me what’s the same.”
For a long while they talked about the refugees and all the new things they had brought, new kinds of beans and squash, new varieties of pear and apple, the weaving of fine cloth and maybe carpets, making bricks and tiles, stonework and furniture more ornate than anything the Two Rivers had seen in a long time if ever. Perrin had grown used to the sheer numbers of people who had come across the Mountains of Mist, but it seemed to stun Rand. The advantages and disadvantages of the wall some wanted to put around Emond’s Field, and the other villages, were gone into in depth, and stone walls versus log.  Or over how a number of the younger men were growing mustaches like Taraboners or Domani, occasionally with an Almoth Plain goatee as well, which made the unwise wearer look as though a small animal had latched on under his nose. Perrin did not bother to add to that beards like his own were even more popular.
It came as a shock, though, when Rand made it clear he had no intention of visiting the camp, though there were any number of men there he knew. “I can’t protect you or Mat,” he said softly, “but I can them.”
After that the conversation naturally lagged, until even Rand realized he had draped a blanket over it. Finally he stood with a sigh, scrubbing his hands through his hair and looking around in a disgruntled way. “You must want to wash and rest, Perrin. I should not keep you from it. I’ll have rooms set aside for you.” Seeing Perrin to the door, he suddenly added, “You will think about Tear, Perrin? I need you there. There is no danger involved.  You’ll be only the fourth man to know the real plan.” Rand’s face hardened. “You must keep that to yourself, Perrin. Don’t tell even Faile.”
“I can hold my tongue,” Perrin said stiffly. And a little sadly. The new Rand was back. “And I will think on Tear.”


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Typealiases
The following typealiases are available globally.
-
A Snowflake ID representing a Guild
Declaration
Swift
public typealias GuildID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing a Channel
Declaration
Swift
public typealias ChannelID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing a User
Declaration
Swift
public typealias UserID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing a Role
Declaration
Swift
public typealias RoleID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing a Message
Declaration
Swift
public typealias MessageID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing a Webhook
Declaration
Swift
public typealias WebhookID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing a Permissions Overwrite
Declaration
Swift
public typealias OverwriteID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing an Emoji
Declaration
Swift
public typealias EmojiID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing an Integration
Declaration
Swift
public typealias IntegrationID = Snowflake
-
A Snowflake ID representing an Attachment
Declaration
Swift
public typealias AttachmentID = Snowflake


CREATE CAST
Section: SQL Commands (7)Updated: 2012-08-14
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
CREATE CAST - define a new castSYNOPSIS
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes) [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) WITHOUT FUNCTION [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) WITH INOUT [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
DESCRIPTION
CREATE CAST defines a new cast. A cast specifies how to perform a conversion between two data types. For example:
SELECT CAST(42 AS float8);converts the integer constant 42 to type float8 by invoking a previously specified function, in this case float8(int4). (If no suitable cast has been defined, the conversion fails.)
Two types can be binary coercible, which means that the conversion can be performed ``for free'' without invoking any function. This requires that corresponding values use the same internal representation. For instance, the types text and varchar are binary coercible both ways. Binary coercibility is not necessarily a symmetric relationship. For example, the cast from xml to text can be performed for free in the present implementation, but the reverse direction requires a function that performs at least a syntax check. (Two types that are binary coercible both ways are also referred to as binary compatible.)
You can define a cast as an I/O conversion cast using the WITH INOUT syntax. An I/O conversion cast is performed by invoking the output function of the source data type, and passing the result to the input function of the target data type.
By default, a cast can be invoked only by an explicit cast request, that is an explicit CAST(x AS typename) or x::typename construct.
If the cast is marked AS ASSIGNMENT then it can be invoked implicitly when assigning a value to a column of the target data type. For example, supposing that foo.f1 is a column of type text, then:
INSERT INTO foo (f1) VALUES (42);will be allowed if the cast from type integer to type text is marked AS ASSIGNMENT, otherwise not. (We generally use the term assignment cast to describe this kind of cast.)
If the cast is marked AS IMPLICIT then it can be invoked implicitly in any context, whether assignment or internally in an expression. (We generally use the term implicit cast to describe this kind of cast.) For example, consider this query:
SELECT 2 + 4.0;The parser initially marks the constants as being of type integer and numeric respectively. There is no integer + numeric operator in the system catalogs, but there is a numeric + numeric operator. The query will therefore succeed if a cast from integer to numeric is available and is marked AS IMPLICIT --- which in fact it is. The parser will apply the implicit cast and resolve the query as if it had been written
SELECT CAST ( 2 AS numeric ) + 4.0;
Now, the catalogs also provide a cast from numeric to integer. If that cast were marked AS IMPLICIT --- which it is not --- then the parser would be faced with choosing between the above interpretation and the alternative of casting the numeric constant to integer and applying the integer + integer operator. Lacking any knowledge of which choice to prefer, it would give up and declare the query ambiguous. The fact that only one of the two casts is implicit is the way in which we teach the parser to prefer resolution of a mixed numeric-and-integer expression as numeric; there is no built-in knowledge about that.
It is wise to be conservative about marking casts as implicit. An overabundance of implicit casting paths can cause PostgreSQL to choose surprising interpretations of commands, or to be unable to resolve commands at all because there are multiple possible interpretations. A good rule of thumb is to make a cast implicitly invokable only for information-preserving transformations between types in the same general type category. For example, the cast from int2 to int4 can reasonably be implicit, but the cast from float8 to int4 should probably be assignment-only. Cross-type-category casts, such as text to int4, are best made explicit-only.
- Note: Sometimes it is necessary for usability or standards-compliance reasons to provide multiple implicit casts among a set of types, resulting in ambiguity that cannot be avoided as above. The parser has a fallback heuristic based on type categories and preferred types that can help to provide desired behavior in such cases. See CREATE TYPE [create_type(7)] for more information.
To be able to create a cast, you must own the source or the target data type. To create a binary-coercible cast, you must be superuser. (This restriction is made because an erroneous binary-coercible cast conversion can easily crash the server.)
PARAMETERS
- sourcetype
- The name of the source data type of the cast.
- targettype
- The name of the target data type of the cast.
- funcname(argtypes)
- The function used to perform the cast. The function name can be schema-qualified. If it is not, the function will be looked up in the schema search path. The function's result data type must match the target type of the cast. Its arguments are discussed below.
- WITHOUT FUNCTION
- Indicates that the source type is binary-coercible to the target type, so no function is required to perform the cast.
- WITH INOUT
- Indicates that the cast is an I/O conversion cast, performed by invoking the output function of the source data type, and passing the result to the input function of the target data type.
- AS ASSIGNMENT
- Indicates that the cast can be invoked implicitly in assignment contexts.
- AS IMPLICIT
- Indicates that the cast can be invoked implicitly in any context.
Cast implementation functions can have one to three arguments. The first argument type must be identical to or binary-coercible from the cast's source type. The second argument, if present, must be type integer; it receives the type modifier associated with the destination type, or -1 if there is none. The third argument, if present, must be type boolean; it receives true if the cast is an explicit cast, false otherwise. (Bizarrely, the SQL standard demands different behaviors for explicit and implicit casts in some cases. This argument is supplied for functions that must implement such casts. It is not recommended that you design your own data types so that this matters.)
The return type of a cast function must be identical to or binary-coercible to the cast's target type.
Ordinarily a cast must have different source and target data types. However, it is allowed to declare a cast with identical source and target types if it has a cast implementation function with more than one argument. This is used to represent type-specific length coercion functions in the system catalogs. The named function is used to coerce a value of the type to the type modifier value given by its second argument.
When a cast has different source and target types and a function that takes more than one argument, it represents converting from one type to another and applying a length coercion in a single step. When no such entry is available, coercion to a type that uses a type modifier involves two steps, one to convert between data types and a second to apply the modifier.
NOTES
Use DROP CAST [drop_cast(7)] to remove user-defined casts.
Remember that if you want to be able to convert types both ways you need to declare casts both ways explicitly.
It is normally not necessary to create casts between user-defined types and the standard string types (text, varchar, and char(n), as well as user-defined types that are defined to be in the string category). PostgreSQL provides automatic I/O conversion casts for that. The automatic casts to string types are treated as assignment casts, while the automatic casts from string types are explicit-only. You can override this behavior by declaring your own cast to replace an automatic cast, but usually the only reason to do so is if you want the conversion to be more easily invokable than the standard assignment-only or explicit-only setting. Another possible reason is that you want the conversion to behave differently from the type's I/O function; but that is sufficiently surprising that you should think twice about whether it's a good idea. (A small number of the built-in types do indeed have different behaviors for conversions, mostly because of requirements of the SQL standard.)
Prior to PostgreSQL 7.3, every function that had the same name as a data type, returned that data type, and took one argument of a different type was automatically a cast function. This convention has been abandoned in face of the introduction of schemas and to be able to represent binary-coercible casts in the system catalogs. The built-in cast functions still follow this naming scheme, but they have to be shown as casts in the system catalog pg_cast as well.
While not required, it is recommended that you continue to follow this old convention of naming cast implementation functions after the target data type. Many users are used to being able to cast data types using a function-style notation, that is typename(x). This notation is in fact nothing more nor less than a call of the cast implementation function; it is not specially treated as a cast. If your conversion functions are not named to support this convention then you will have surprised users. Since PostgreSQL allows overloading of the same function name with different argument types, there is no difficulty in having multiple conversion functions from different types that all use the target type's name.
- Note: Actually the preceding paragraph is an oversimplification: there are two cases in which a function-call construct will be treated as a cast request without having matched it to an actual function. If a function call name(x) does not exactly match any existing function, but name is the name of a data type and pg_cast provides a binary-coercible cast to this type from the type of x, then the call will be construed as a binary-coercible cast. This exception is made so that binary-coercible casts can be invoked using functional syntax, even though they lack any function. Likewise, if there is no pg_cast entry but the cast would be to or from a string type, the call will be construed as an I/O conversion cast. This exception allows I/O conversion casts to be invoked using functional syntax.
EXAMPLES
To create an assignment cast from type bigint to type int4 using the function int4(bigint):
CREATE CAST (bigint AS int4) WITH FUNCTION int4(bigint) AS ASSIGNMENT;(This cast is already predefined in the system.)
COMPATIBILITY
The CREATE CAST command conforms to the SQL standard, except that SQL does not make provisions for binary-coercible types or extra arguments to implementation functions. AS IMPLICIT is a PostgreSQL extension, too.
SEE ALSO
CREATE FUNCTION [create_function(7)], CREATE TYPE [create_type(7)], DROP CAST [drop_cast(7)]
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:14 GMT, December 24, 2015


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| Apps Components Interfaces All Files Source Tree | source: beta.CC2420Radio.ieee.802.15.4.MLME.MLME_ORPHAN.nc |
The MLME-SAP orphan notification primitives define how a coordinator can issue a notification of an orphaned device.
| Author: | Joe Polastre |
Commands |
Events |
Parameters: |
OrphanAddress - The 64-bit extended address of the orphaned device SecurityUse - TRUE if security is enabled for this transfer ACLEntry - The macSecurityMode parameter value from the ACL entry associated with the sender of the data frame |


From Its Conception
It Was Always About Postive Vibes
From the conception of happy day it was always about giving people something to look at that was positive because so many media outlets aren't
When lifes got you down
Welcome to HAPPY DAY, we are a social media website that prides on the blocking of negative energy. Our goal is to filter
out specific words to lower cyber bullying through the internet to prevent social shaming. In today's society social shaming can
lead to things such as suicide or self-harm. Social media websites such as twitter, facebook, and instagram promote
such cyber bullying and social shaming. Sometimes leading to depression or other serious acts against oneself. Social shaming is something
that exists in today's society that can be prevented by bring only happiness, hence our application HAPPY DAY.
Happy Day is an application designed to filter out certain words and context based off of its overall happiness.
This application's goal is to prevent cyber bullying across social media platforms. Social shaming and things of the such should not be tolerated in
today's society. Individuals should be able to use social media application without the worry of being judged by their peers or any others.
Our overall goal with HAPPY DAY is to maximize happiness similar to a utilitarian standpoint. Any words seen as 'unhappy' in our database
will return a null value not allowing that content to be posted as a result.
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What do we wish to achieve?
With the HAPPY DAY application we are trying to achieve a space where people can genuinely be happy without the concern
of their personal image. Through this application we aim to lower the users such as trolls, cyber-bullies, and etc. Today
we tend to ignore how what we say may affect someone else even on a self-conscious level. Overall, through this application
we seek to gain overall happiness amongst our users to prevent the need for likes, comments, and shares. But, focus on the happiness
of the users opposed to the yearning of social gratification