IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.2862 of 2015 ======================================================
M/s Bhagwati Timber, Sursand Road, Mehshaul, Baswaria Chawk, District- Sitamarhi, through its Proprietor, Ramakant Sah, son of Late Chandeshwar Sah, resident of village - Vshrahia, P.O.- Sakhi, P.S.- Riga, District - Sitamarhi ... ... Petitioner/s Versus
1. The State of Bihar through its Principal Secretary, Department of Environment & Forest, Government of Bihar, Old Secretariat, Patna.
2. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Bihar, 4th Floor, Technology Bhawan, Bailey Road, Patna.
3. The Conservator of Forest, Valmiki Tiger Project, Bettiah, District - West Champaran.
4. The Divisional Forest Officer - Cum - Authorized Officer - Cum - Deputy Director, Valmiki Tiger Project, Division No.1, Bettiah, District- West Champaran.
... ... Respondent/s ====================================================== With Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 2711 of 2015 ====================================================== M/s Wasif Plywood Works, Bharpatia, Manuw Pool, Bettiah, District-West Champaran, through its Proprietor Tufail Ahmed, son of Mohammad Ashique, resident of Village - Chauni, P.S. - Chanpatia Muffasil, Bettiah, District - West Champaran.
... ... Petitioner/s Versus
1. The State of Bihar through its Principal Secretary, Department of Environment & Forest, Government of Bihar, Old Secretariat, Patna.
2. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Bihar, 4th Floor, Technology Bhawan, Bailey Road, Patna.
3. The Conservator of Forest, Valmiki Tiger Project, Bettiah, District - West Champaran.
4. The Divisional Forest Officer- cum- Authorized Officer- cum- Deputy Director, Valmiki Tiger Project, Division No.1, Bettiah, District- West Champaran.
... ... Respondent/s ====================================================== Appearance :
(In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 2862 of 2015) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Purnendu Singh, Advocate Mrs. Pronoti Singh, Advocate Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 2/38 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Kamlesh Kishore, AC to SC-12 (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 2711 of 2015) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Purnendu Singh, Advocate Mrs. Pronoti Singh, Advocate For the Respondent/s : Mr. A. K. Rastogi, AAG-10 Mr. Naman Nayak, AC to AAG-10 ====================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE SANJAY PRIYA CAV JUDGMENT Date :12-04-2019 Both the writ applications have been heard together and are disposed off by this common judgment as question involved in both the applications is same and similar.
2. Petitioners have filed instant writ application for quashing the final seniority list of Veneer Mills established as on 30.10.2002 or prior thereto issued from the office of the Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest cum Chief Wildlife Preservation Officer, Bihar, Patna, vide Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013, whereby and whereunder final seniority list of Veneer Mills has been published without following the procedures, standards guidelines as laid down by the Apex Court as well as for issuance of writ of mandamus directing the respondents to include the names of the Petitioners Veneer Mills/ Plywood Industries and prepare a fresh seniority list of Veneer Mills after taking into account the standard guidelines set forth by the Central Empowered Committee/ Resolution of the State and also after adopting the fairness and transparency required in this regard. Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 3/38
3. The Petitioner of CWJC No.2862 of 2015 is Veneer Mill owned by sole proprietor, Sri Ramakant Sah, son of late Chandeshswar Sah, who is citizen of India. It has been submitted that Petitioner Veneer Mill is running since 10.08.1995. The sole proprietor, Ramakant Sah, entered into business of production of Veneer by establishing plant and machinery for its production in the year 1995 and got registration under Section 14 of the Bihar Finance Act as soon as his liability to pay tax under Section 3 started. The Circle-in-charge of Sitamarhi Commercial Taxes Circle, Bihar issued Registration No. ST 1295 (R) Zone IV which mentions the liability to pay taxes from the date of commercial production with effect from 10.08.1995. The certificate was issued to the proprietor both under the Bihar Finance Act as well as Certificate No. ST 1116 (C) under the Central Sales Tax Act on 29.10.1995. Thereafter, as and when required the certificate was renewed from time to time. Xerox copy of the Registration No. ST 1295(R) Zone under the Bihar Finance Act as well as Certificate No. ST 1116(C) under the Central Sales Tax Act is annexed as Annexure-1 to the writ application.
4. It is also stated in the writ application that the Petitioner applied for purposes of getting his stock of wood and other raw materials to be inspected from time to time by the authorities of Environment and Forest Department, Government of Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 4/38 Bihar. The Divisional Forest Officer cum Licensing Authority, Tirhut Forest Division, granted him License No.237/1996 vide Memo No.512 dated 11.03.1996, the date on which the petitioner has applied for grant of license. Xerox copy of License No.237/1996 granted vide Memo No.512 dated 11.03.1996 is annexed as Annexure-2.
5. The Petitioner obtained No Objection Certificate under Section 25 and 26 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and under Section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, from the Bihar State Pollution Control Board vide Ref. No. T- 2517 dated 27.04.1998. The Mill is being inspected by the authorities of the Bihar State Pollution Control Board from time to time and granted No Objection Certificate for smooth running of its Mill. The Petitioner has maintained the effluent level within the limits as provided under Rule 4 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, and other similar Act and Rules for which also the Bihar State Pollution Control Board has granted Emission Consent Order from time to time.
6. It has further been stated that after obtaining License No.237 of 1996 issued from the Environment and Forest Department, Government of Bihar, the Petitioner has also obtained registration from the Commercial Taxes Department, Government Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 5/38 of Bihar and obtained No Objection Certificate from the Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Government of Bihar, for running Veneer Mill in accordance with the provisions of Bihar Saw Mill (Regulation) Act, 1990, and also in terms of the directions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court and in accordance with several resolutions of the State Government without any interference.
7. The Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 has submitted that the Petitioner applied before the General Manager, District Industrial Center, Bettiah, under the Prime Minister Rojgar Scheme in the year 1994 for establishing Veneer Mill. The General Manager after considering his application directed Proprietor of the Petitioner, Sri Tufail Ahmed, to appear for interview for getting his firm registered along with necessary documents within 15 days vide Letter No.239 dated 03.02.1994. Xerox copy of the letter No.239 dated 03.02.1994 is annexed as Annexure-1 to the writ application.
8. The Petitioner after necessary permission given by the General Manager, District Industrial Center, Bettiah, purchased the necessary machines including the Peeling Machine from Bharat Engineering Works, 2 Gurudas Dutta Garden Lane, Calcutta-67, as on 19.08.1996 along with declaration that Plywood industry of the Petitioner started commercial production of veneer soon thereafter. Xerox copy of the purchase receipt of Peeling Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 6/38 Machine along with declaration is annexed as Annexure-2 and 3 to the writ petition.
9. The Petitioner entered into agreement for sale and purchase on 02.09.1996. After establishment of Veneer Mill in the name and style of Wasif Plywood Works, the General Manager, District Industrial Center, Bettiah, granted license contained in Letter No. PMT-138 dated 10.09.1997, wherein the date of establishment of petitioner Veneer Mill has been entered as 10.10.1996 granting him Registration No.032002935. Xerox copy of Letter No. PMT-138 dated 10.09.1997 is annexed as Annexure- 4 to the writ petition.
10. The Petitioner also applied for grant of license under the Factory Act in prescribed format. The Factory Inspection Department, Government of Bihar, after conducting proper inspection of Petitioner's Unit and after being satisfied that the Petitioner's Unit is functional and it has manufactured Veneer with effect from 10.10.1996, granted license under Section 6(1) (d) of the Factories Act on 20.10.1996 vide Registration No.67052/CHW/1996. Xerox copy of the license granted under Section 6(1) (d) of the Factories Act on 20.10.1996 is annexed as Annexure-5 to the writ application.
11. The Petitioner received notice bearing No.1679 for his appearance before the Assistant Commissioner Commercial Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 7/38 Taxes, Bettiah Circle, Bettiah, on 04.10.1997. After proper hearing, the concerned authority registered the Petitioner's Unit with the Central Sales Tax under the Assistant Commissioner's Office, Bettiah Circle, Bettiah, and granted Registration No. BT 1090 (C) on 04.10.1997 as per Section 7(1)(2) of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, and was also registered under Section 14 of the Bihar Finance Act, 1981, and granted Registration No.BT 308 (R). After coming into force of Bihar Value Added Tax Act, 2005, the Petitioner was granted Tax Payers Identification No. i.e. TIN No.<PHONE_NUMBER>3. The Petitioner is paying tax till date. Xerox copy of the notice dated 04.10.1997, Registration granted under Central Sales Tax Act bearing No. BT 1090 (C) dated 04.10.1997 and registration granted under the Bihar Finance Act bearing No. BT 308 (R) are annexed as Annexure-6, 7 and 8 respectively to the writ petition.
12. The tax liability of the Petitioner arose from 21.10.1996 as per the provisions of the Bihar Finance Act, 1981. This fact also establishes that Veneer Mill was established much prior to 21.10.1996. The Petitioner had filed his quarterly return for the period 01.10.1996 to 31.12.1996 as well as for the period 01.01.1997 to 31.03.1997 for which he was granted Receipt No.1555 dated 30.07.1998. Xerox copy of the Receipt No.1555 dated 30.07.1998 is annexed as Annexure-9 to the writ application. Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 8/38
13. It has also been submitted that after coming into effect of the Bihar Value Added Tax, 2005, with effect from 01.04.2005, the Petitioner under Section 19 of the said Act was allotted TAN bearing No.10262131006 by the Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes in Form C (1). Xerox copy of the TAX bearing No.10262131006 is annexed as Annexure-10 to the writ petition.
14. Petitioner has further submitted that Petitioner Veneer Mill was in operation much before 12.12.1996 would also appear not only from the aforesaid documentary evidences relating to establishment of the Petitioner Veneer Mill but also from notice contained in Letter No.1290 dated 07.08.1996, whereby the Petitioner being functional Veneer Mill was directed to furnish details regarding timber by the DFO. Xerox copy of the Letter No.1290 dated 07.08.1996 is annexed as Annexure-11 to the writ petition.
15. The Petitioner Veneer Mill was not required for obtaining license under the Bihar Saw Mills (Regulation) Act, 1990. However, in compliance of the above and the Petitioner being engaged in purchase of timber for commercial production of Veneer and for movement of timber, requirement of transit permit arose which necessitated him to obtain license under the Bihar Saw Mill (Regulation) Act, 1990. The Petitioner, accordingly, Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 9/38 applied in prescribed form and also deposited requisite fee of Rs.1000/- by Demand Draft No.59329 dated 07.10.1997 along with application form dated 08.10.1997 as well as two NSC of Rs.2000/- dated 08.10.1997. Accordingly, Petitioner was granted License No.97 of 1998 by the Divisional Forest Officer cum Licensing Officer as per provision of Section 5 of the Act. Xerox copy of the application form, demand draft for Rs.1000/- and NSC of Rs.2000/- are annexed as Annexure-12 series.
16. The Petitioner is filing his return as per provision of Bihar Saw Mill (Regulation) Act till date. The Petitioner after establishment of Veneer Mill in the year 1996, had purchased wood necessary for production of Veneer and report containing details of the purchase of wood were prepared on regular basis for its submission and inspection by the concerned department of the Government of Bihar. The Petitioner has submitted in para 18 of the writ petition that from aforesaid license and notice dated 07.08.1996 granted by the Divisional Forest Officer, it would appear that Petitioner Veneer Mill was established much prior to 12.12.1996. The Petitioner established Veneer Mill in the year 1996 is also apparent from Registration No.67052/CHW/1996, issued as per provision of the Bihar Factories Act, 1948, by the Factory Inspection Department, Government of Bihar. The Petitioner thereafter deposited renewal fee regularly and his Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 10/38 license was renewed till date. The petitioner has further mentioned in the writ petition that from aforesaid fact the Petitioner is able to demonstrate and establish on the basis of certificates issued by the authorized government servant under the statutory provision of Bihar Saw Mills (Regulation) Act, 1990, The Factories Act, 1948, Bihar Sales Tax Act, 1981, Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, purchase receipt of Machines, document of lease of the land for establishment of Unit and other necessary documents for establishment of Veneer Mill confirms the fact that Petitioner had started business of Veneer with effect from 10.10.1996. The Petitioner Veneer Mill was running since 10.10.1996 also got confirmed as the Veneer Mill has obtained registration certificate from Commercial Tax Department, Government of Bihar, Patna.
17. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the judgment passed in WP (C) No.202 of 1995 (T. N. Godavarman Thirumulpad vs. Union of India) directed each of the State Government to constitute a Committee to assess the sustainable capacity of the forests of the State. The relevant portion of the order is as follows:
"7. Each State Government should constitute within one month, an Expert Committee to assess:
i. The sustainable capacity of the forests of the State qua saw mills and timber based industry; ii. The number of existing saw mills which can safely be sustained in the State;
Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 11/38 iii. The optimum distance from the forest, qua that State, at which the saw mill should be located.
8. The Expert Committee so constituted should be requested to give its report within one month of being constituted."
18. The Government of Bihar constituted the Expert Committee in pursuance of the order vide Notification No.274 dated 24.01.1997 (which for the sake of convenience may be called as First Report). This report was produced before the Hon'ble Supreme Court as part of Affidavit filed by the State Government on 09.12.1997. The State Government on the basis of report of the Expert Committee, took decision to fix the number of timber based industries as (I) 1950 Saw Mills, (ii) 109 Plywood manufacturing Units and (iii) 265 Veneer Mills. The State Government further decided to close down 733 unlicensed Saw Mills immediately and the rest, in excess of fixed number, in a phased manner. The decision of the State Government was communicated to the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest vide Letter No.343 E dated 28.10.2000.
19. The Expert Committee, unlike the Saw Mills, did not recommend any reduction in number of the Veneer Mills and Plywood Industries. Therefore, the decision of the State Government to fix the number of plywood manufacturing Units as 109 and Veneer Mills as 265 as were in existence in the undivided Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 12/38 State at the time of submission of first report was on the assumption that Veneer Mills and Plywood Manufacturing Units would get their requirement of timber from the licensee Saw Mills and through import. Following refusal of the concerned authority to renew/grant license under the Saw Mills (Regulation) Act, several writ petitions were filed and they were dismissed by order dated 29.09.2000 as reported in 2001 (1) PLJR 468 Basudeo Yadav Vs. State of Bihar. Against the order passed by the learned single Judge, appeals were preferred by the Saw Mill owners. Those appeals were also dismissed. The LPA Bench, however, expressed concern over the way the State Government identified the sustainable Saw Mills, which were to be allowed to operate. The Court, however, advised the State Government to appoint a Committee of expert / Officers to identify the Saw Mills that would be allowed to continue and those that would be closed down in the light of judgment passed by the Hon'ble Apex Court in WP (C) No.202 of 1995. The Committee prepared comprehensive list comprising of such Plywood/ Veneer Mills, which were in existence prior to 12.12.1996 and also such Plywood and Veneer Mills, which were established after 12.12.1996. List of Veneer Mill/ Plywood Industry were published district-wise for placing it before the Committee constituted to inform the Apex Court. The office of the Divisional Forest Officer, Muzaffarpur, informed that Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 13/38 the Petitioner Veneer Mill (CWJC No.2862 of 2015) is in existence prior to 12.12.1996 and the said fact is also evident from the License No.237/1996 issued in the year 1996 and the Petitioner Veneer Mill (CWJC No.2711 of 2015) was granted license vide Registration No.67052/CHW/1996 dated 20.10.1996. The list so prepared was sent for its approval. Pursuant to the report, the government filed its Affidavit relating to the approved Veneer Mill/ Plywood existing prior to 12.12.1996 before the Apex Court. Pursuant to that, the State Government published lists of Plywood/ Veneer Mills in existence, interalia, in the various districts of the State of Bihar vide Letter No.5977 dated 30.11.2002. The name of Bhagwati Timber Petitioner's Plywood (CWJC No.2862 of 2015) was at serial No.9 in Sitamarhi District, said to have been established prior to 12.12.1996. The name of Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 was mentioned at serial No.1 in Bettiah District. Thus, the Government of Bihar has accepted the position that the Plywood Mills/ Veneer Mills were established before the cut off date i.e. 12.12.1996. The Government of Bihar set up second Expert Committee vide Notification No.232 E dated 05.04.2002. The Expert Committee submitted its report commonly known as Second Report on 27.04.2002 on the basis of which the State Government issued Resolution No.418 E dated 08.07.2002. The Resolution further laid down the norms for issuing licenses and/ or Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 14/38 for shutting down the Saw Mills being in excess of the fixed numbers. Several writ petitions were filed against Resolution No.418 E dated 08.07.2002. All those writ petitions were dismissed by order dated 05.12.2002 as reported in 2003 (1) PLJR 343 Narayan Prasad Sah Vs. State of Bihar.
20. Although Resolution No.1485 dated 08.07.2002 contained the list of number of Veneer Mills/ Plywood Industries, but the Saw Mill (Regulation) Act, 1990, as it then stood, did not cover either a Veneer Mill or a Plywood Manufacturing Unit and Timber Industries did not require any license under the Act. The State Government amended the provision of Section 2(g) by adding "it shall include Veneer Plywood manufacturing Unit" vide Notification dated 20.04.2002 published in official gazette dated 22.04.2002.
21. The Secretary to the Department of Environment and Forest, Government of Bihar, after subsequent amendment, wrote to the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest vide Letter No.2098 dated 29.06.2002 intimating him about the amendment that brought Veneer and Plywood manufacturing Units within the ambit of the Act and also the contents of the Affidavit filed before the Supreme Court in September, 1990.
22. Following the amendment in the Act, two steps were taken; (I) all Veneer/ Plywood Mills established after 12.12.1996 Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 15/38 should be closed down by 31.07.2002 and (II) all those Veneer/ Plywood Mills that were established before 12.12.1996 should be directed to submit application for obtaining license. The State Government directed all the Divisional Forest Officer vide its Letter No.1899, 2098 both dated 29.06.2002 that all the Veneer Mills and Plywood Manufacturing Units that were set up after 12.12.1996 to be closed down immediately. Those Veneer Mills/ Plywood Manufacturing Units that were set up prior to 12.12.1996 were directed to make application in the prescribed format in Form 'B' for grant of license under the Act by 31.07.2002. Thus, the Veneer Mills and Plywood Mills, which were established before 12.12.1996 were allowed to continue to operate in their respective places in the name and style as mentioned in the list. The Petitioners continued to operate as before without any let or hindrance from any corner.
23. The Petitioners have been regularly furnishing the register as required under Section 10 of Bihar Saw Mill (Regulation) Act and submitted his return as required under Section 9 of Bihar Saw Mill (Regulation) Act and the rules framed thereunder. The Divisional Forest Officer had accepted the Petitioners' prayer to be in existence prior to 1996 by accepting the prescribed fee for renewal of the license for operating Veneer Mill. Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 16/38
24. The State Government vide Resolution No.418 E dated 08.07.2002 issued detailed instructions after examination of the Expert Committee Report laying down criteria for closure of wood based industries in the State of Bihar. The said report was challenged before the Apex Court by some of the Saw Mill Owners. The Apex Court referred the matter before the Central Empowered Committee by its order dated 18.08.2003. The Apex Court recommended that the State of Bihar should examine all the sources of availability of timber from the own forest area, the timber imported from other States and from other country. The Hon'ble Court in the case of National Ply Products & Ors Vs. State of Bihar & Ors. reported in 2005 (1) PLJR 33 has clarified that intent of the Hon'ble Supreme Court's order dated 29.10.2002 was not to close every single Plywood Mill in the State of Bihar but only those, which were being operated without license under Bihar Saw Mills (Regulation) Act, 1990, as amended vide Act No.04 of 2002 to include Plywood/ Veneer manufacturing Unit under Section 3(g) vide notification dated 22.04.2002. The State of Bihar brought separate enactment to regulate the Saw Mills. The State of Bihar enacted Bihar Saw Mills (Regulation) Act, 1990 and in terms thereof the Bihar Saw Mills (Regulation) Rules, 1993, were framed which came into effect on 04.09.1993. Further, the Government of Bihar enacted Bihar Saw Mill (Regulation) Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 17/38 (Amendment) Act, 2002 and published the same in the official gazette as on 22.04.2002, wherein, Veneer/ Plywood manufacturing Units were brought under the definition of Saw Mill under Section 2(g). The effect thereof is that all the Saw Mill and Veneer Mill have to obtain license to operate their Veneer or Plywood Mill under the provisions of the Act.
25. The State Government came out with Resolution No.55/02/760 E dated 13.11.2003 whereby detailed guidelines were provided with regard to preparation of seniority list. The said list was challenged before the Hon'ble Court vide CWJC No.11209 of 2006 and its analogous cases. The Hon'ble Court by its order dated 04.01.2009 was pleased to grant stay subject to further order of the Apex Court. The Central Empowered Committee after hearing the parties recommended the Department of the Environment and Forest, Government of Bihar, to prepare a fresh seniority list of Saw Mill, Veneer Mill and Plywood Industries after following a transparent procedure. In the said direction, it was mentioned to fix the seniority on the basis of date of establishment. Xerox copy of recommendation of Central Empowered Committee is annexed as Annexure-5 to CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure-16 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
26. The Department of Environment and Forest again came out with Resolution No.76/2007-2675 dated 30.08.2010 Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 18/38 allegedly in accordance with recommendations of the Central Empowered Committee dated 11.06.2008 as well as the order of the Hon'ble Supreme Court dated 04.09.2009, whereby the recommendation of the Central Empowered Committee was accepted by the Apex Court. The detailed recommendation with regard to Plywood and Veneer is contained in paragraph No.9. The State Government in paragraph No.5(1) of the Resolution dated 30.08.2010 has written criteria for establishing the seniority of Veneer Mill region wise. It has divided the same into three regions i.e. Patna, Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur. It has further laid criteria for establishing inter se seniority on the basis of date of establishment of the industry and for this purpose, the license granted by the Industry Department or the Factory License, whichever is earlier, will be taken into account for date of establishment of the industry or the date of license granted under the Bihar Saw Mill (Regulation) Act, 1990. Secondly, if it is found that both the date of registration are the same then the date of registration granted by the Commercial Taxes Department will be taken into account. It has further laid down in paragraph No.2 about procedure for establishment of seniority of Veneer Mills. Xerox copy of the Resolution No.76/2007-2675 dated 30.08.2010 is enclosed Annexure-6 to CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure-17 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
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27. The Resolution also categorically specified that in determination of seniority, license issued by the Industries Department, Factory License issued by the Department of Labour and Employment will be considered as date of establishment. It is also mentioned that if the Veneer Mill is registered with the Industry Department earlier than the Department of Factory, then the date which is earlier will be taken into account for determination of seniority.
28. The Regional Conservator of Forest, Muzaffarpur, vide Memo No.1044 dated 26.11.2010 had published provisional list of Veneer Mill on the basis of date of establishment. In the said list, the Petitioner of CWJC No.2862 of 2015 is at serial No.52 showing date of establishment as 10.08.1995 and Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 is at serial No.81 showing date of establishment as 10.09.1997. Xerox copy of the Memo No.1044 dated 26.11.2010 is annexed as Annexure-7 to CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure-18 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
29. It has been pointed out by the Environment and Forest Department, Government of Bihar, in its Resolution No.2675 dated 30.08.2010 that in some of the Forest Divisions, licenses were issued to some of the Veneer Mills as well as Plywood Industries. In the said resolution, the State Government has laid down certain criteria for fixing seniority of Veneer Mill Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 20/38 and Plywood Industries. It has specifically been laid down that only those Veneer Mills will be taken into account for preparation of seniority list which has been established before 29.10.2002. The Central Empowered Committee constituted, as per directions issued by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in T. N. Godavarman Tirumulpad case, convened meetings pursuant to the above on the subject matter regarding seniority list of wood based industries in the States as well as in Union Territory. One such meeting was convened on 16th March, 2011, wherein, minutes of the meeting were provided to the Standing Counsel appearing on behalf of the State of Bihar in Hon'ble Apex Court. It is mentioned in para 5 of the aforesaid minutes of the Central Empowered Committee that date of establishment of a Plywood/ Veneer Units needs to be determined on the basis of date of registration as a SSI Unit, the date on which the land was purchased/lease entered, the date on which electric connection was given, the date of purchase of the relevant machines, the date on which commercial production started, the date of sales tax registration, the details of Veneer/ Plywood sold by the Unit and the sales tax paid thereon, the sales tax assessment order etc. While preparing seniority list, date of establishment of Unit should not be decided merely on the basis of the date of registration as SSI Unit. If the Unit has actually started the production much later, then in that case the date on which the Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 21/38 production started would be the relevant date for the purpose of determining the date of establishment. Xerox copy of the aforesaid resolution of the Central Empowered Committee dated 16 th March, 2011, is annexed as Annexure-8 to CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure- 19 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
30. After the meeting convened by the Central Empowered Committee on 16th March, 2011, representation was submitted before the Hon'ble Supreme Court bringing therein recommendations and in the light of order dated 30.03.2012 passed by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the said WP (C) No.202 1995, the States were directed to prepare seniority list of Veneer Mills at State level. Resolution No.2675 dated 30.08.2010 has been amended with respect to guidelines/ standards for determining the seniority of Veneer Mills vide Resolution No.2841 dated 06.09.2012. It has been mentioned that only 177 Veneer Mills/ Plywood Mills at the State Level shall be taken into account to grant license. Further, all the Mills, which were established prior to 30.10.2002 shall be taken into consideration. It is further clarified that while making the seniority list, priority shall be given as per date of establishment and in view of the recommendation of the Central Empowered Committee, the date of production shall be reckoned as the date of establishment for the purpose, taking into account the recommendation of the Central Empowered Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 22/38 Committee as stated above. Xerox copy of the Resolution No.2841 dated 06.09.2012 is annexed as Annexure-9 to CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure- 20 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
31. The Government of Bihar came out with a provisional seniority list of Veneer Mill/ Plywood Industries vide Letter No.955 dated 20.10.2012 issued under the signature of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Bihar. The Veneer Mill of Petitioner of CWJC No.2862 of 2015 was placed at serial No.189 in the said provisional list. The Veneer Mill of Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 was placed at serial No.36 in the said provisional seniority list without taking into consideration the guidelines/standards as set forth by the Central Empowered Committee and the Resolution passed pursuant to that by the Government of Bihar. The said list consisted of two categories; first being the industries established prior to 30.10.2002, wherein, there were altogether 229 industries in the list, the second consisting of industries totalling 37 as industries established and registered after 30.10.2002. Xerox copy of the aforesaid Letter No.955 dated 20.10.2002 is annexed as Annexure-10 to CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure- 21 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
32. Thereafter, final seniority list of Veneer / Plywood Industries were published vide Office Order No.03 dated 10.01.2013 from the office of the Additional Principal Chief Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 23/38 Conservator of Forest cum Chief Wildlife Protection Officer, wherein, Petitioner of CWJC No.2862 of 2015 has been placed at serial No.188 in the seniority list of Veneer Mills/ Plywood Industries, wherein, the date of establishment has been fixed as 31.03.1997. Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 has been placed at serial No.174 in the seniority list of Veneer Mills/ Plywood Industries, wherein, the date of establishment has been fixed as 23.11.1996. Xerox copy of the Office Order No.03 dated 10.01.2013 is annexed as Annexure-11 to CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure-22 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
33. Another final seniority list of Veneer / Plywood Industries were published vide Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013 from the office of the Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest cum Chief Wildlife Protection Officer, wherein, Petitioner of CWJC No.2862 of 2015 has been shown at serial No.210 in the seniority list of Veneer Mill/ Plywood Industries, wherein, date of establishment has been fixed as 31.03.1997. Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 has been shown at serial No.192 showing the date of establishment as 23.11.1996. Xerox copy of Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013 has been annexed as Annexure-12 in CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure-23 in CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 24/38
34. The main contention on behalf of the Petitioners was that entire exercise taken up by the authority concerned raised doubt about the credibility of the respondents. The respondents have not considered the valued proposition as laid down by the Central Empowered Committee while preparing the seniority list of Veneer Mills/Plywood Industries.
35. Counsel for the Petitioners have submitted that it has been clarified by the Central Empowered Committee that priority shall be given as per date of establishment and in view of the recommendation of the Central Empowered Committee, the date of production shall be reckoned as the date of establishment for the purpose but the same has not at all been considered while preparing the seniority list.
36. Counsel for the Petitioner of CWJC No.2862 of 2015 submits that Petitioner was made liable under the provisions of Bihar Finance Act from 10.08.1995 only after it started production of Veneer and its gross turnover became more than the required condition as per provisions of Bihar Finance Act, 1981. The Petitioner failed to understand as to how and on what basis Respondents have fixed his seniority at serial No.210 treating 31.03.1997 as the date of establishment. The Respondents themselves have granted License No.237 in the year 1996 itself. Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 25/38
37. Similarly, counsel for Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 submits that date of production of Petitioner's Unit has been mentioned as 10.10.1996 i.e. prior to date of registration under BST & CST and Factory Inspection Department, Government of Bihar. The concerned Respondents even after having all information have deliberately not considered while preparing the seniority list. The case of the Petitioner is that he has been put at the bottom of seniority list in arbitrary manner.
38. Both the Petitioners have challenged the seniority list on the ground that Veneer Mills at serial No.47 (M/s Hari Krishna Prasad Choudhary), serial No.68 (M/s Abhishek Plywood Industries), serial No.80 (M/s Shiv Traders), serial No.155 (M/s Bhagwati Plywood), serial No.182 (M/s India Veneer), who were in the provisional reject list (Letter No.955 dated 20.10.2012, Annexure-19) and kept outside the provisional seniority list on account of registration made after 30.10.2002 have been placed at serial Nos.11, 28, 23, 7 and 9 respectively in an arbitrary manner in the final seniority list prepared on 22.07.2013 without any justification.
39. Counsel for the Petitioners submits that seniority list of Veneer Mills/ Plywood Industries in the State of Bihar issued under the signature of Principal Chief Forest Conservator, Bihar, vide Letter No.955 dated 20.10.2012, Office Order No.03 dated Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 26/38 10.01.2013 contained in Memo No.35 dated 10.01.2013 and final list contained in Memo No.937 dated 22.07.2013 communicated vide Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013, have been prepared without any standard yardstick and in contravention of the guidelines set forth by the Central Empowered Committee constituted by the Hon'ble Supreme Court and also against Resolution No.2841 dated 06.09.2012 of Environment and Forest Department, Government of Bihar. It has further been submitted that Respondents have not taken up the exercise in right direction and there is clear violation of terms and conditions as set by the Central Empowered Committee as well as Resolution passed by the Govt. of Bihar while preparing the seniority list of the Veneer Mills/ Plywood Industries.
40. It has further been submitted that from bare perusal of final seniority list issued vide Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013 when read with provisional seniority list dated 20.10.2012, wherein, the details as set forth by the Apex Court, it is evidently clear that no standard yard stick have been adopted while preparing the list. It is also unclear that on what basis the date of establishment has been reckoned and relied. They have contended that final seniority list is full of defects and anomalies and fit to be quashed.
Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 27/38
41. Counsel for the Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 has submitted that he has filed representation dated 04.04.2014 along with other aggrieved persons indicating the discrepancies. Xerox copy of the representation dated 04.04.2014 is annexed as Annexure-24 to CWJC No.2711 of 23015. The representation filed by the Petitioner was not entertained and without passing any order on merit, the respondents have informed the Petitioner and others vide Letter No.1707 dated 10.06.2014 to move before the Hon'ble Court in view of Resolution No.2841 dated 16.09.2012 to ventilate his grievance with regard to his position in the seniority list. Xerox copy of the Letter No.1707 dated 10.06.2014 is annexed as Annexure- 25 to CWJC No.2711 of 2015.
42. Counter Affidavit has been filed on behalf of Respondent No.2 in CWJC No.2862 of 2015. Respondent No.2 has submitted that for renewal of license up to year 2007, application was submitted by Ramakant Sah, the Petitioner, but thereafter, sometime it has been submitted by the Petitioner and sometime by Mahendra Choudhary. The license was not renewed. The license was renewed for the year 2014 in the name of Mahendra Choudhary by the Divisional Forest Officer, Sitamarhi Forest Division. Proprietor of M/s Bhagwati Timber is Mahendra Choudahry and not the Petitioner and hence, his writ application is fit to be dismissed. It has further been submitted in the Counter Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 28/38 Affidavit that Central Empowered Committee in its report dated 09.03.2011 has made recommendation with regard to preparation and publication of seniority list of Veneer Mills and Plywood Pasting Units. Details has been mentioned in para 8 of the aforesaid recommendation, which has been elaborately discussed in para 8 of the Counter Affidavit. It has further been submitted in para 9 that the Central Empowered Committee vide its letter dated 26th July, 2012, has further clarified the recommendation, which is elaborately discussed in the said paragraph by Respondent No.2. Xerox copy of the letter dated 26.07.2012 is annexed as Annexure- A to the Counter Affidavit.
43. It has further been submitted that report dated 09.03.2012 of the Central Empowered Committee was considered by Hon'ble Supreme Court and vide order dated 30.03.2012 the Hon'ble Supreme Court directed the Government of Bihar to take immediate action to finalize seniority list of Saw Mills, Veneer Industries and Plywood Industries in conformity with various orders passed by the Hon'ble Court as well as observations and recommendations made by the Central Empowered Committee in its report dated 09.03.2012. The State Government was asked to issue rules incorporating the recommendations made by the Central Empowered Committee in accordance with Bihar Saw Mills (Regulation) Act, 1990, and notify final seniority list as per Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 29/38 rules and report compliance. After finalization of lists of Saw Mill, Veneer Mills and Plywood Industries, a report in this regard has been filed before the Hon'ble Supreme Court, which is still under consideration. It has further been submitted in para 11 of the Counter Affidavit that as per recommendations made by the Central Empowered Committee, a notice was published in the newspaper on 27th July, 2012, inviting information from the Veneer Mill and Plywood Industries owners regarding their Units in a fixed format. The information was to be made available by the Mill owners including the information with regard to the eight points which are stated in para 8 (v) of CEC report dated 09.03.2012. The State Government vide resolution No.2841 dated 06.09.2012 taking into consideration the recommendation made by the Central Empowered Committee and order passed by Hon'ble Supreme Court, laid down the guidelines for preparation and publication of seniority list of Veneer Industries. Xerox copy of the resolution dated 06.09.2012 is annexed as Annexure- B to the Counter Affidavit.
44. The Respondents have submitted that on the basis of information received by the owners of Veneer Mills and Plywood Industries, provisional seniority list of Veneer Mills was prepared and published vide Order No.78 dated 09.10.2012 of the office of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Bihar. The criteria for Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 30/38 deciding the inter se seniority between the Veneer Mills was explained in the said order. Objections were invited on the provisional seniority list and it was clearly mentioned in the order that inter se seniority has been decided on the basis of information made available on the fixed format by the Veneer Mill owners and hence the inter se seniority shall be finalized on verification of the records of the said Mill at the time of hearing.
45. After receipt of objections, date of hearing on objections was fixed. Notice was issued in newspapers by which all the owners of Veneer Mills were asked to be present on the date of hearing with the original papers. In the notice, date of hearing and place of hearing was mentioned. It has further been mentioned in the Counter Affidavit that after hearing the objectors, seniority list was prepared. During hearing, almost all the owners, who had submitted their claims for Veneer Mill or Plywood pasting Unit, had appeared and their original papers were verified by the Committee. Only few members did not appear during hearing and their cases were disposed off on the basis of information submitted in their application. It has been mentioned in para 18 of the Counter Affidavit that on the basis of documents produced during hearing the date of establishment of Unit was fixed and thereafter seniority list of the Veneer Mill of the State was issued vide Order No.03 dated 10.01.2013 of the office of Additional Principal Chief Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 31/38 Conservator of Forests cum Chief Wildlife Warden, Bihar. Vide Office Order No.02 dated 10.01.2013 of the said office, the list of Plywood pasting Units, which were found to have been established before 30.10.2002, was also published.
46. It is mentioned in para 19 of the Counter Affidavit that on the basis of recommendation made by Central Empowered Committee and its clarification on recommendations vide letter dated 26.07.2012 principles have been adopted for determining the date of establishment of a Unit, which have been discussed, in detail, in aforesaid paragraph. It has further been submitted that after publication of seniority list of Veneer and Plywood pasting industries, various objections were received. Writ applications were also filed in the Hon'ble Patna High Court. In some cases, order was passed by the Hon'ble Court to dispose of the objection received in accordance with law. Decisions were taken by the State Government to grant another final chance to the owners of the Veneer Mills and Plywood pasting Units. In pursuance of the said decision, notice was again published on 12.05.2013 inviting objections on the seniority list of Veneer Mills and Plywood pasting Units published vide order dated 10.01.2013. The last date fixed for filing the objection was 22.05.2013. More than one hundred objections were received till the last date. After receipt of the objections, date of hearing was fixed on the objections and the Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 32/38 date of hearing along with the place of hearing was published in the newspaper. All the objectors except a few were present on the date of hearing and after hearing decisions were taken on their objection by the Committee. After taking decisions on the objections, final seniority list of Veneer Mills of the State has been issued vide Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013 and list of Plywood pasting Units established before 30.10.2002 has been issued vide Order No.31 dated 22.07.2013.
47. It has been submitted by the Respondents that the seniority list of Veneer Mill and Plywood pasting Units, which have been found to be established before 30.10.2002 in the State of Bihar, has been published and a detailed report in this regard has already been submitted before the Hon'ble Supreme Court.
48. The respondents have also given para wise reply in the Counter Affidavit with regard to objection of the Petitioners.
49. The Respondents in CWJC No.2711 of 2015 have given specific reply in para 42 with regard to statement made in para 62 of the writ petition (CWJC No.2711 of 2015), wherein, it has been alleged that rank of the Petitioner was brought down in the seniority list to benefit the others. Reference was made to various Units, which had been kept outside the provisional list on account of registration made after 30.10.2002, have been placed at serial Nos.11, 28, 23, 7 and 9 respectively of the final seniority list Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 33/38 in arbitrary manner without any justification. The Petitioner has also filed representation dated 04.04.2014 along with other aggrieved persons indicating discrepancies vide Annexure-24 (CWJC No.2711 of 2015). The Respondents have informed vide Letter No.1707 dated 10.06.2014 to move before the Hon'ble Court in view of Resolution No.2841 dated 16.09.2012 to ventilate his grievance vide Annexure- 25 (CWJC No.2711 of 2015).
50. Petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 has filed detailed supplementary Affidavit deprecating the action of the Respondents with regard to the Units as mentioned in para 62 of the writ petition having been placed above in the seniority list in arbitrary manner. The Petitioner has mentioned, in detail, in para 10, 14 of the Supplementary Affidavit that no proper consideration was made by the Respondents in preparation of final seniority list.
51. By way of reply to the Counter Affidavit in CWJC No.2862 of 2015 in para 17, it has been stated that Petitioner is a partnership firm and its partner are Sri Ramakant Sah (Petitioner), Sri Mahendra Choudhary and Sri Dukha Rai. The Petitioner is running its Saw Mill in accordance with law. The Respondents in most illegal manner has shown favour to Veneer Mills, which were much below in rank and established after the Petitioner, and has been made senior to the Petitioner in the list prepared by the Office of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest contained in Office Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 34/38 Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013. The petitioner in para 13 to the reply of the Counter Affidavit has stated that his name has been brought down in the seniority list as mentioned in para 52 of the writ petition in most arbitrary manner without any justification. It is mentioned in the aforesaid reply that no standard yardstick have been adopted while preparing the list. It is also unclear that on what basis the date of establishment has been reckoned and relied. Counsel for the petitioner in para 9 to the reply to Counter Affidavit has stated that Respondents have admitted that petitioner was granted License No.237/1996 by Memo No.512 dated 11.03.1996. They have also admitted the fact that the application of renewal of license has sometime been submitted on behalf of the petitioner, Ramakant Sah, and sometime by Mahendra Choudhary. They have tried to mislead the Court that the firm is running in the name of Proprietor Mahendra Choudhary only. From the records, it will appear that firm is partnership firm and its partners are Ramakant Sah (Petitioner), Mahendra Choudhary and Dukha Sah.
52. This Court after looking into entire facts and circumstances of the case, as mentioned above in detail and after hearing submission of the parties and also considering the statement made in the Counter Affidavit finds that Respondents have not been able to give any justifiable reason with regard to the Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 35/38 allegations made by the petitioner that seniority list of Veneer Mill and Plywood industries have been prepared without following any standard yardstick in contravention of the guidelines set forth by Central Empowered Committee and Hon'ble Supreme Court in arbitrary manner. Specific allegation has been levelled by the Petitioners in both the writ petitions that several Units, which have not found place in provisional seniority list published earlier, have been placed above the Unit of the Petitioners in the seniority list in most arbitrary manner.
53. The Respondents have themselves mentioned in the Counter Affidavit filed in CWJC No.2862 of 2015 about the details of the recommendations made by the Central Empowered Committee in its report dated 09.03.2011 with regard to preparation and publication of seniority list in para 8 and 9 of the Counter Affidavit.
54. This Court is not satisfied with the submission made by the Respondents that aforesaid guidelines have been properly followed by them in preparing seniority list.
55. The specific allegation has been made by the petitioner that Veneer Mill at serial No.47 (M/s Hari Krishna Prasad Choudhary), serial No.68 (M/s Abhishek Plywood Industries), serial No.80 (M/s Shiv Traders), serial No.155 (M/s Bhagwati Plywood), serial No.182 (M/s India Veneer), who were Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 36/38 in the provisional reject list (Letter No.955 dated 20.10.2012, Annexure-19) and kept outside the provisional seniority list on account of registration made after 30.10.2002 have been placed at serial Nos.11, 28, 23, 7 and 9 respectively in an arbitrary manner and without any justification.
56. It has further been submitted by the petitioner of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 that he had also filed representation dated 04.04.2014 along with other aggrieved persons vide Annexure-24 (CWJC No.2711 of 2015) pointing out arbitrary manner in which seniority list has been prepared, but the aforesaid representation was not entertained and without passing any order on merit, the Respondents have informed vide Letter No.1707 dated 10.06.2014 to move before the Hon'ble Court to ventilate his grievance.
57. In such circumstances, this Court is of the view that seniority list of Veneer Mills / Plywood Industries published vide Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013 from the Office of the Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest cum Chief Wildlife Protection Office as contained in Annexure-12 of CWJC No.2862 of 2015 and Annexure-23 of CWJC No.2711 of 2015 are not in accordance with law and are hereby quashed.
58. The Respondents authorities will consider the case of the Venneer/ Plywood industries as mentioned in seniority list along with case of the Petitioners after strictly following the Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 37/38 recommendation of the Central Empowered Committee and order of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in transparent and legal manner while preparing fresh seniority list. The Respondents shall consider the date of establishment of Veneer Mills/ Plywood Units in the State of Bihar in terms of guidelines laid down by Central Empowered Committee as mentioned in para 8 and 9 of the Counter Affidavit filed in CWJC No.2862 of 2015.
59. Both the writ applications are, accordingly, allowed.
60. Since this Court has not heard the other Units, whose name finds mention in final seniority list, status quo with respect to seniority as contained in Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013 shall be maintained till final seniority list is prepared afresh by the Respondents after considering case of each Unit along with Petitioners on merit. The Respondents will verify the documents of all the individual Units including the Unit of the Petitioners in transparent manner on the basis of recommendation of Central Empowered Committee as mentioned in detail in para 8 and 9 of Counter Affidavit filed on behalf of Respondent No.2 in CWJC No.2862 of 2015 with respect to date of establishment of their Units. The Respondents shall prepare fresh seniority list after considering the case of Petitioners vis-a-vis all the Units whose names find mentioned in seniority list published vide Order No.32 Patna High Court CWJC No.2862 of 2015 dt.12-04-2019 38/38 dated 22.07.2013, within a period of nine months from the date of receipt/production of a copy of this judgment.
61. The Petitioners will file separate representation before Respondent No.2 along with relevant documents and copy of this judgment. The Respondent No.2 will pass necessary order with respect to case of Petitioners while preparing the seniority list afresh, after considering the case of each Unit as mentioned in Office Order No.32 dated 22.07.2013 in transparent and legal manner, within a period of nine months as ordered above.
(Sanjay Priya, J) J. Alam/-
AFR/NAFR AFR CAV DATE 01-02-2019 Uploading Date 16-04-2019 Transmission Date N/A


About Packages
An installer package is used to install files onto a user's machine. In addition to the file payload, a package also contains metadata describing the package, localizable resoures specifying the user interface for the install, and scripts to be run before, during, or after the install.
It is recommended that you create a package for each “component” of your install. For example, if you are installing an application and a framework, one package should be created for the application and another package created for the framework.
A package (with extension .pkg) is an OS X bundle, meaning that it appears as a single file in the Finder, but is really a directory. The structure of a package is as follows:
- Foo.pkg
- Contents
- Archive.bom
- Archive.pax.gz
- Info.plist
- PkgInfo
- Resources
- Localized resources in .lproj directories
- Symlinks for backwards compatibility
- Scripts
- Other resources
The italicized items can be created by PackageMaker. The package author is responsible for all other items.


{% extends './email-with-container.server.view.html' %} {% block textcontent %}
Hello {{userTo.firstName}},
{{userFrom.displayName}} has shared their experience with you on Trustroots.
Would you like to share yours as well? You can write about your experience and both experiences will become public right after that.
Not in the mood to do it now? You have {{days}} days to share your experience with them. After that their experience will become public and you will only be able to share your experience with limited choices.
If you think this message is an error or if you don’t know this person, let us know so our Trust & Safety team can look into it.
{% endblock textcontent %} {% block actionbutton %} {% from "./partials/button.server.view.html" import button %} {{button(giveReferenceUrl, 'Share your experience now')}} {% from "./partials/copypasteurl.server.view.html" import copyPasteUrl %} {{copyPasteUrl(giveReferenceUrlPlainText)}} {% endblock actionbutton %}


Source File
typekind.go
Belonging Package
runtime
// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package runtime
const (
kindBool = 1 + iota
kindInt
kindInt8
kindInt16
kindInt32
kindInt64
kindUint
kindUint8
kindUint16
kindUint32
kindUint64
kindUintptr
kindFloat32
kindFloat64
kindComplex64
kindComplex128
kindArray
kindChan
kindFunc
kindInterface
kindMap
kindPtr
kindSlice
kindString
kindStruct
kindUnsafePointer
kindDirectIface = 1 << 5
kindGCProg = 1 << 6
kindMask = (1 << 5) - 1
)
// isDirectIface reports whether t is stored directly in an interface value.
func ( *_type) bool {
return .kind&kindDirectIface != 0
}
The pages are generated with Golds v0.2.7-preview. (GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64)


Enter information about your building below and your annual energy consumption target will be shown to the right. If you have an
existing building, you may also enter annual energy use to generate a rating and compare it against the target. For more information,
see the User Guide above.
Enter information about your building below and your annual energy consumption target will be shown to the right. If you have an
existing building, you may also enter annual energy use to generate a rating and compare it against the target. For more information,
see the User Guide above.


We currently have listings in Los Angeles, San Francisco, London, and Melbourne. Check back for more soon!


Time, hour, location
Something really interesting is going on around here. Join us and see for yourself!
Time, hour, location
Something really interesting is going on around here. Join us and see for yourself!
Time, hour, location
Something really interesting is going on around here. Join us and see for yourself!
Time, hour, location
Something really interesting is going on around here. Join us and see for yourself!
Time, hour, location
Something really interesting is going on around here. Join us and see for yourself!
Time, hour, location
Something really interesting is going on around here. Join us and see for yourself!


Cryptocurrency.Blockchain Namespace
Classes
| Class | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Address |
Represents an address.
|
|
| AddressResource |
Represents the REST resource for addresses.
|
|
| AddressSummary |
Represents an address summary.
|
|
| AddressSummaryResource |
Represents the REST resource for address summaries.
|
|
| Block |
Represents a blockchain block.
|
|
| BlockchainDataClient |
The REST client for accessing data on blockchain blocks and transactions.
|
|
| BlockResource |
Represents the REST resource for blockchain blocks.
|
|
| BlockTransaction |
Represents a blockchain transaction.
|
|
| InputTransaction |
Represents an input transaction.
|
|
| InventoryData |
Represents inventory data.
|
|
| InventoryDataResource |
Represents the REST resource for inventory data.
|
|
| LatestBlock |
Represents the latest block. Response to "GetLatestBlock" method.
|
|
| LatestBlockResource |
Represents the REST resource for the latest blockchain block.
|
|
| MinedBlock |
Represents a mined block.
|
|
| MinedBlockResource |
Represents the REST resource for mined blocks.
|
|
| OutputTransaction |
Class OutputTransaction.
|
|
| Transaction |
Represents a blockchain transaction.
|
|
| TransactionResource |
Represents the REST resource for blockchain transactions.
|
|
| UnspentOutput |
Represents an unspent output.
|
|
| UnspentOutputResource |
Represents the REST resource for unspent outputs.
|
Interfaces
| Interface | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| IBlockchainDataClient |
The REST client for accessing data on blockchain blocks and transactions.
|


School had just been let out for the summer. I took a few weeks off of work to relax. Well that started out fine until I ran out of money to buy my weed. I found a solution to this. I would get a guy I knew to front me a gram of speed. After he did this, I chopped it up to make it look like more then a gram. I sold all of this speed for like 50 dollars more then I paid for it. I kept doing this until I had quite a bit of extra money. I was having to stay up later to sell the speed. So I started using it. This was all fine I kept making money, and was jacked all the time.
Two weeks later I started back work at the grocery store. I had found a new girlfriend, and she liked to tweek with me. I had also devolped a speed habit of 1/2 to a full gram a day. This amount got me good and rocked each day all day long. My girlfriend liked to do speed, but never had any money, and I was better at my job cause I was always jacked. Each day I sold an 8-ball(3 1/2 grams) of crank to support my habit, cause I wasn't making any money anymore.
So, one my day off from work, I pick up an 8-ball to sell. Also I picked up my girlfriend about the same time. This was like 11am. We did our first line for the day and went and sold crank. By 5pm I had sold all my crank, and also made 50 bucks. I told my girlfriend I would take her to the steak house for supper. Neither of us were hungery, but it made me look good to her. On the way to the steak house, she and I smoked 1/2 gram of crank. Now we were wired and not hungery. We each sat and drank a soda, then left. When we got back to town, we picked up her friend, and went to a guys house to sell some powder.
He only had 25 dollars, and I need $50. So he gave me a 1/4oz. of weed for the differance. So all of us started doing crank, and smoking weed. I did about 3/8 of a gram just by myself. I could not sit still, but too high to move.  I then did another fat rail, and left. I got home could not sleep, and there was nothing to do. I talked on the phone with some friends until 6am. I got up and went to work and then I crashed. I was dead tired and feeling bad. I had a sore throat and a fever. I went home and swore I would never do crank again.
After recovering from being sick, I rarely do speed. I lost 25lbs in 2 weeks because I was binging with speed. Now I never do it after 4pm, and never before I go home. This way, I can sleep, and not get my habit started again. So if you do crank, pace yourself. I had times I thought my chest was going to explode.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


{% extends 'layout-newia.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Mental Health {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Find information and support for your mental health.
Read about common feelings and symptoms such as stress, anxiety or a low mood.
Read about specific mental health conditions, such as clinical depression, bipolar disorder or OCD.
Advice for you and people you support about mental health in life situations and events, such as pregnancy and bullying at work.
Read about different types of self-help, such as 5 steps to mental wellbeing and breathing exercises.
Read information and support about NHS, charity and voluntary mental health services and how to access them.
Read advice and support about mental health for children, teenagers, students and parents.
Read about different types of talking therapy and other treatments, such as medicine for mental health problems.


I have worked with Frameworks such as React, Angular, Node.js. Other tools include but are not limited to d3.js, socket.io, passport.js, React-Native
Java was the first language that I learned and the language that I am most comfortable in. I have used this to primarily for backend and Android development.
I have worked a lot with Ruby and RoR in my past job experiences. It's a beautiful language that developes beautiful and responsive applications. What else can I say?
Python is a language that I often used in my coursework and when making scripts. I also worked with the Pandas and matlib libraries in my AI and data mining courses.
Agile is pretty much the gold standard for software development nowadays. I have led teams as product manager using Agile to create the best possible product.
I had my very first coding experience as a sophomore in high school in New York. This sparked my interest in computer science, and would later lead to me choosing a degree in computer science over biology.
I began an epic journey to California. I thought I knew how to code in high school, but my course work in college really humbled me and showed just how little I knew, and that there's a lot of knowledge to be learned.
I started my first paid position at RPI as a research assistant intern studying NAND Flash technology. We looked at existing open source implementations of NAND Flash technology to study and understand how we could implement NAND Flash onto our lab devices.
I started my first internship at Sony Pictures Entertainment the Summer of 2014 as a Software Engineer Intern. During this internship, I learned what it was like to code in an Agile environment and the coding in the real world was very different than coding for a programming assignment. I worked with technologies such as Ruby on Rails, Javascript, JQuery, Node.js, etc.
I was first exposed to data visualization tools such as d3.js while at UCSD's Department of biomedical informatics. I also learned a lot about website design, user testing, Heuristic evaluations as well as a lot of Front-End Html5/CSS3 tricks
I had the chance to work at Visa Inc, where I had the opportunity to make an iOS application for Visa Checkout using React Native. It was my first time working with a technology that was so new, and I had the opportunity make open source contributions to React-Native, and really determine the feasibility of switching from React.js to React-Native.


University of Maryland, College Park
khoi [at] cs [dot] umd [dot] edu
I am a Ph.D. student in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Maryland, College Park, advised by Prof. Abhinav Shrivastava. My research focuses on semantic understanding of objects, which includes recognizing an object's instrinsic attributes and extrinsic relationships with other objects. Accordingly, downstream computer vision tasks such as image-text retrieval, object selection using natural language, can be improved with strong object semantic understanding.
I previously obtained my B.Sc. in Computer Science from Vietnam National University - University of Science, HCMC. In my undergraduate study, I worked on 3D object retrieval, human-computer interaction, optical music recognition with Prof. Minh-Triet Tran.


Before Change
sq_distance.mul_(2 * math.pi ** 2) // sq_distance = -2*pi^2*(x-z)^2
res = torch.zeros(n, m)
for weight, mean, scale in zip(mixture_weights, mixture_means, mixture_scales):
weight = weight.expand(n, m)
mean = mean.expand(n, m)
scale = scale.expand(n, m)
After Change
sq_distance.mul_(2 * math.pi ** 2) // sq_distance = -2*pi^2*(x-z)^2
res = x1.data.new(n, m).zero_()
for weight, mean, scale in zip(mixture_weights, mixture_means, mixture_scales):
weight = weight.expand(n, m)
mean = mean.expand(n, m)
scale = scale.expand(n, m)


I am a rising self-taught web developer and a jack-of-all-trades in professional certification testing. A self-starter and avid learner, I have worked 100% remotely for most of my career. As the only employee at a small company, I:
I am happiest when there is variety in my work, interesting problems to solve, and the chance to collaborate, because that almost always means I’ll get to learn new skills and help others learn also.
In my personal life, I truly love being a known finder of resources for parents who are looking for ways to advocate for their highly gifted kids in K-12 schools. I also enjoy exploring national parks and taking walks in the neighborhood with my husband.
I welcome new connections! If you have a question for me or a resource to share, please reach out.


Solution Installation and Feature Activation
1. The FilterZen Setup Package
The FilterZen setup package (the roxority_FilterZen.zip file) is a zipped
archive containing:
- Deploy.exe - A graphical user interface (GUI) setup wizard for installing
and deploying, or retracting and uninstalling FilterZen to and from a SharePoint
server farm, to be run by a farm administrator user on the primary SharePoint farm or
web front-end server.
- docs - A folder containing this product documentation in Microsoft Compiled HTML (CHM) and plain HTML formats.
- Additional supporting files that are required for Deploy.exe to run
and must neither be modified nor removed.
Extract the setup package to any file-system folder. Do not just run Deploy.exe
directly from inside the setup archive — it needs to run from a file system
directory that also contains all the supporting files from the setup archive.
2. Installing the FilterZen Solution Package
Run Deploy.exe and when the Welcome screen is displayed, click Next
to start a series of system checks. To proceed with the installation, all system
checks need to succeed:
Click Next and on the following screen, select the Web Applications to deploy FilterZen
to. You can also de-select those Site Collections you do not want
the setup
wizard, upon successful deployment, to activate the Web Part Feature immediately for you on. (Even when FilterZen is deployed in a Web Application, before
you can add and start using the FilterZen Filter Web Part on Web Part
Pages inside a web site, the FilterZen Filter Web Part Feature
needs to be activated for the parent Site Collection, as described in the
Feature Activation section below. For now, the setup wizard performs these activations for you.)
Click Next to start the installation and wait for the deployment jobs and
Feature activation to complete. This process can take up to a few minutes.
After deployment and Feature activation have completed, review the installation
log:
Once you have successfully completed the setup wizard, you can start using the FilterZen Filter Web Part on Web Part Pages inside the previously selected
Site
Collections immediately.
3. Activating the Site Collection Feature
The FilterZen Filter Web Part is a SharePoint Site Collection-scoped Feature, which needs to be
'activated' on each Site Collection it is to be used in.
- Start from the Web Part Page you want to use the Web Part on. Select Site Settings
from the Site Actions menu.
- The Site Settings page contains the Site Collection Administration
section. In this section, click the Site collection features link. If it
doesn't exist, click the Go to top level site settings link in the Site
Collection Administration section instead, and on the root web's Site Settings
page now displayed, click the Site collection Features link inside the Site
Collection Administration section.
- The Site Collection Features page should contain a row titled FilterZen Filter
Web Part.
- If it does, click the Activate button to make the Web Part available
to all web sites, Web Part galleries and Web Part Pages inside this site collection;
or click the Deactivate button to disable the Web Part throughout this site
collection.
- Note: if you do deactivate the Site Collection Feature, existing
FilterZen Web Parts will continue to work: the feature
activation status only controls whether the Web Part is available inside your
Site Web Part Galleries.
- If the row doesn't exist, the FilterZen solution package was not
yet deployed to this web application. On the System Settings page (Operations
in SharePoint 2007) in the Central
Administration, click Manage Farm Solutions (Solution management
in SharePoint 2007). On the Solution Management page, click roxority_filterzen_xiv.wsp
(roxority_filterzen_xii.wsp in SharePoint 2007)
to open the Solution Properties page. Click Deploy Solution, then
select this Site Collection's parent web application and click OK.
(The deployment is delegated to a background job scheduled to run either at the
date and time specified, or as soon as possible. Once started, it may take this
job up to a few minutes to finish deployment.)


[activity] activity_slug = {{:activity_slug}} [resources] js[]='pages/StackBlur.js' == == {% set image = activity.activity_featured_image.first %}


Dive into jurassic ocean and discover fascinating world of ichthyosaurus from 150 million years ago.
Find Out MoreSpread the knowledge and promote the discovery to people of Poland.
Popularise paleontology, draw attention to exciting modern ways of research such as 3D scanning.
Encourage further research into the subject and asking new questions.
Director of Geological Museum of University of Lodz
Project supervisor from Lodz University of Technology
Ichthyosaurus moved through the water. As it was carnivorous, it fed mostly on fish and smaller marine animals.
The specimen was found by Polish scientist Marcin Krystek from the Geological Museum of University Lodz
Scientific article by Daniel Tyborowski was published in Polish scientific journal Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Article link:
We met for the first time and started the project.
34 bones of right fin were scanned.
Click bone to display 3D model.


New air charter service landing in Hawaii | Honolulu Star-Advertiser
A new Hawaii air charter service said it plans to bring 15 HondaJet Elites to Oahu for luxury interisland travel and statewide air ambulance service. Read more
Mahalo for reading the Honolulu Star-Advertiser!
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Derek Paterson
Contact
Email me
Github
LinkedIn
Portfolio
About
Portfolio
Thing
Stuff
Widget
Project


Open or switch to another tab in your browser. Watch this tab, it will automatically refresh 3 seconds after all specs have completed.
Note, this page will not refresh while you are viewing it. It will only refresh when you are not viewing it.
https://github.com/rbwestmoreland/jasmine-reporters


Name
Email
Subkeys
Date
Number
Textarea
Interests
Eating
Eating out
Sleeping
Running
Gender
Male
Female
Fruits
Apples
Bananas
Oranges


Projects¶
Spyder allows users to associate a given directory with a project. This has two main advantages:
- Projects remember the list of open files in Editor. This permits to easily work on several coding efforts at the same time.
- The project’s path is added to the list of paths Python looks modules for, so that modules developed as part of a project can be easily imported in any console.
To create a project, it is necessary to select the New Project entry from the Projects menu:
When a project is activated, the Project explorer pane is shown, which presents a tree view structure of the current project
Through this pane it is possible to make several operations on the files that belong to project
Note
Projects are completely optional and not imposed on users, i.e. users can work without creating any project.
Version Control Integration¶
Spyder has limited integration with Git and Mercurial. Commit and browse commands are available by right-clicking on relevant files that reside within an already initialized repository. This menu assume that certain commands are available on the system path.
- For Mercurial repositories, TortoiseHG must be installed, and either
thg
orhgtk
must be on the system path. - For git repositories, the commands
git
andgitk
must be on the system path. For Windows systems, the Git for Windows package provides a convenient installer and the option to place common git commands on the system path without creating conflicts with Windows system tools. The second option in the dialog below is generally a safe approach.


You can limit Polipo's usage of chunk memory by setting
chunkHighMark
and chunkLowMark
.
The value chunkHighMark
is the absolute maximum number of bytes
of allocated chunk memory. When this value is reached, Polipo will try
to purge objects from its in-memory cache; if that fails to free memory,
Polipo will start dropping connections. This value defaults to
24MB or one quarter of the machine's physical memory, whichever is
less.
When chunk usage falls back below chunkLowMark
, Polipo will
stop discarding in-memory objects. The value
chunkCriticalMark
, which should be somewhere between
chunkLowMark
and chunkHighMark
, specifies the value
above which Polipo will make heroic efforts to free memory, including
punching holes in the middle of instances, but without dropping
connections.
Unless set explicitly, both chunkLowMark
and
chunkCriticalMark
are computed automatically from
chunkHighMark
.


Romance | English
Kate Purnell was a sophisticated young woman. She was raised in a bustling city by her father until he died of a heart attack. Now she had to journey to the wild lands of southern California and live with her cousins.
Of course she expected something different, maybe a little scary and a little exciting, but nothing could have prepared her for the handsome cowboy Everett King. From the first moment she set eyes on him she was captivated. He was something you read about in the adventure section of the newspaper. She really didn't think men like him existed. Oh, but he did, and he also had some ideas of his own.
Romance | English
Of all the Fallen, Raze’s hungers are some of the darkest and most insatiable. His brazen seductions cost him his wings, leaving him soulless and immortal, the most dangerous of seducers. He has roamed the earth for eons, hunting the rogues of his kind and protecting the humans who provide him with blood and sex. He is content with his life and the transient pleasures that flow through it… until one night and one woman change everything.
Kimberly McAdams is smart, beautiful, and wealthy. She can have any man she wants, but the moment she sets eyes on the lethally stunning Raze she knows he’s the man she needs. As one searingly erotic night burns into something deeper and far more vital than either of them expected, an adversary from Raze’s past sees a chance for revenge. Twisted by hatred, she will take from Raze what was taken from her—the precious gift of love.
To Read moreRomance | English
Upon uttering the word coffee, Jenny Stone, the smart, resilient, and sharp-tongued girl somehow finds herself paying off her father’s debt by working as a maid to the mafia boss, Giovanni Dente, the obsessive-compulsive coffee drinker with movie star good looks.
And this is just the beginning of Jenny’s new life. Between serving the man his brew at ungodly hours and doing his dirty work, she also has to attend college, ace her exams, and find a way to contact her father and sister who have abandoned her.
But within the intricate web Giovanni binds around her, when it comes time for her to leave, she isn’t sure if she can make it out alive, especially when somewhere along the way, she realizes her heart is totally captivated.
Romance | English
When starving artist Kiera wakes up on board a spaceship, she panics. Her best friend has dragged her across the universe to help her find a man and a life, only the man she ends up unwittingly hooking up with is a battle-hardened warrior prince living in exile.
Calculating, cautious A'Ran wants nothing more than to reclaim his planet. He needs Kiera as his lifemate to heal his planet and his war weary people. He's not prepared to be a lifemate himself, and discovers almost too late what he risks losing if he can't learn to be more than a warrior.
To Read moreRomance | English
Kait Nolan's Mirus series is set in a paranormal world unlike any you've visited before—inventive new mythology full of fast-paced action, dark dangers, sparkling magic, and sizzling, undeniable attraction.
Isla's ability as a Seer has made her a life-long captive of a paranormal crime lord. Fae assassin, Ransom, offers her a chance at escape, but when she touches his hand she sees only blood, horror, apocalypse. What reason can Ransom have for wanting to rescue her, and can she possibly trust a man who deals in death?
To Read moreRomance | English
Cara had four brothers and a gorgeous room-mate that she was bringing home from college to work for her family for the summer. The only problem was, her brothers were womanizers and Brianne was terrified of men. When Jeb, her oldest brother first met her, he vowed to make her his despite her fears.
To Read more


The utility methods described in this chapter are all static
and stateless.
In the end, they simply wrap some of the standard functionality available in the Java
Reflection API in
a more convenient, higher-level API.
These methods can be used in all kinds of tests, not just those which use the JMockit mocking APIs.
The methods described in this section are all from the mockit.Deencapsulation
class.
To avoid the need to separately import these methods when using the behavior-based mocking API, identical methods are
directly available inside expectation and verification blocks (see the
relevant section in that chapter).
Therefore, this class is only used outside expectation/verification blocks, in tests written with the
state-based mocking API, or in "pure" JUnit/TestNG tests.
The following test class will be used for example tests in the sub-sections that follow:
import static mockit.Deencapsulation.*;
public final class DeencapsulationTest
{
final SubClass anInstance = new SubClass();
static class BaseClass
{
protected int baseInt;
protected String baseString;
protected Set<Boolean> baseSet;
}
static final class SubClass extends BaseClass
{
private static StringBuilder buffer;
private static char static1;
private static char static2;
private int intField;
private int intField2;
private String stringField;
private List<String> listField;
private SubClass() { intField = -1; }
private SubClass(int a, String b) { intField = a; stringField = b; }
private SubClass(String... args) { listField = Arrays.asList(args); }
private long aMethod() { return 567L; }
private static Boolean anStaticMethod() { return true; }
private void instanceMethod(short s, String str, Boolean b) {}
private static void staticMethod(short s, String str, Boolean b) {}
private final class InnerClass
{
InnerClass() {}
InnerClass(boolean b, Long l, String s) {}
}
}
// example tests
}
The getField
and setField
methods, for which there are several
overloads (variations with different parameters), can be used to access instance and static fields.
The field to be read or assigned can be specified in two ways: by name or by type.
In the case of instance fields, the field may be declared in any class along the hierarchy, not
just in the concrete class of the given owner instance.
The following example tests should clarify the semantics of these methods and their variations.
@Test
public void getSetFieldByName()
{
// Get instance fields:
Integer intValue = getField(anInstance, "intField");
List<String> listValue = getField(anInstance, "listField");
// Get static fields:
StringBuilder b = getField(SubClass.class, "buffer");
// Set instance fields:
setField(anInstance, "intField2", 901);
// Set static fields:
setField(SubClass.class, "buffer", new StringBuilder());
}
@Test
public void getSetFieldByType()
{
// Get instance fields:
String stringValue = getField(anInstance, String.class);
List<String> listValue = getField(anInstance, List.class);
Set<Boolean> setValue = getField(anInstance, HashSet.class);
getField(anInstance, int.class); // ambiguous: will throw an IllegalArgumentException
// Get static fields:
StringBuilder b = getField(SubClass.class, StringBuilder.class);
// Set instance fields:
setField(anInstance, "Test"); // will set SubClass#stringField, not BaseClass#baseString
setField(anInstance, 901); // ambiguous: will throw an IllegalArgumentException
// Set static fields:
setField(SubClass.class, new StringBuilder());
setField(SubClass.class, 'A'); // ambiguous: will throw an IllegalArgumentException
}
Access through fields by name is safe, as there is no possibility for ambiguity in the case of instance fields declared in multiple classes related by inheritance. The same doesn't apply for access by type, since different classes in the hierarchy may declare fields of the same type but with different names. If an attempt is made to access such a field by its type, an exception will be thrown.
There are only two utility methods for invoking non-accessible methods: one for instance methods
and another for static
methods.
In both cases, the name of the method to be invoked is specified in a string.
The invocation arguments, one for each declared parameter of the target method, are passed
through a "varargs" parameter of the utility method:
@Test
public void invokeMethod()
{
// Instance methods:
Long l = invoke(anInstance, "aMethod");
String s = invoke(anInstance, "instanceMethod", (short) 7, "abc", true);
// Static methods:
Boolean b = invoke(SubClass.class, "anStaticMethod");
Object result = invoke(SubClass.class, "staticMethod", (short) 7, "abc", true);
}
The parameter types for a method are not explicitly specified.
Instead, they are inferred from the given argument values.
A null
argument value, therefore, cannot be passed directly as it not allow the
correct parameter type to be inferred.
It can be specified indirectly, though, by passing the Class
object for the
correct parameter type instead.
If the target class (or a super-class in the case of an instance method) has multiple overloads
for the same method name, then the best match will be chosen based on the parameter types
inferred from the given argument values.
Non-public classes, or classes with no accessible constructors, can be instantiated through
newInstance
and newInnerInstance
methods.
The constructor arguments are passed in the same way as we saw above for method invocations,
with the same parameter inference rules.
@Test
public void newInstance()
{
// Instances of top-level or non-inner nested classes:
SubClass instance = newInstance(SubClass.class.getName());
SubClass instance2 = newInstance("DeencapsulationTest$Subclass", 1, "XYZ");
// Instances of inner classes:
SubClass.InnerClass innerInstance = newInnerInstance("InnerClass", anInstance);
SubClass.InnerClass innerInstance2 = newInnerInstance("InnerClass", anInstance, true, 5L, "");
}
Note that to create an "inner instance" only the simple name of the inner class must be specified. The "outer" class is specified through the required owner instance (the second parameter).
The methods described in this section are all from the mockit.Mockit
class.
A proxy or dynamic proxy is an instance of a class created at runtime through
java.lang.reflect.Proxy
, which implements a given set of interfaces.
For an empty proxy, the created implementation class will have all methods with empty implementations,
except for the non-void ones which will return a proper default value according to the method return type
(0
for primitive integral types, false
for boolean
, null
for
reference types, and so on).
There are three method overloads of name newEmptyProxy
which take one or more interface types and return
a new instance of a newly created empty proxy class.
Most of the time, JMockit will provide better means to create interface implementations, though.
For each mocked interface type in an Expectations test, in particular, the proxy instance will be created
and assigned to the mock field/parameter transparently.
When using the Annotations API, on other hand, it sometimes may be necessary to use one of these methods.
A proxy class (empty or not) can always be mocked/redefined later through one of the Mockit.setUpMock
methods.
An example is the findOrderByNumber
test in the OrderRepositoryTest
sample
test class, which can be seen
here.


Logistics
Learning Resources
Readings
Chapters from these two texts, as well as relevant resources, will be referenced alongside each lecture, under the Lectures section.
We strongly recommend that you read these as the semester progresses, to help you understand the concepts and algorithms taught in class (note that the material of the class is a simplifid version of the book).
Communication
Piazza is intended for all announcements, general questions about the course, clarifications about assignments, student questions to each other, discussions about material, and so on.
We strongly encourage all students to participate in discussion, ask, and answer questions in class as well as through Piazza!
Grading
The class requirements include a set of homeworks at the end of each lecture. This will account as 20% of your grade. You’ll a present a project which involve to create a complete Qt application and will count as 50% of your grade. A final theoretical exam will test your understanding of Qt code and will count as 20%. The final 10% will reflect your behavior in class. Each absence will cause you 1 point from this grade.
Homework Assignments
At the end of each lecture, you’ll be assigned a coding homework. For each homework, you may work in groups of up to three students total. You’re advised to upload your code via github to keep a trace of achieved work.
Collaboration Policy
- The purpose of student collaboration is to facilitate learning, not to circumvent it. Studying the material in groups is strongly encouraged. It is also allowed to seek help from other students in understanding the material needed to solve a particular homework problem, provided no written notes (including code) are shared, or are taken at that time, and provided learning is facilitated, not circumvented. The actual solution must be done by each student alone.


This directory contains project files for Visual C++, named freetype.dsp, and Visual Studio, called freetype.sln for the following targets:
freetype2100.lib - release build; single threaded freetype2100_D.lib - debug build; single threaded freetype2100MT.lib - release build; multi-threaded freetype2100MT_D.lib - debug build; multi-threaded
Be sure to extract the files with the Windows (CR+LF) line endings. ZIP archives are already stored this way, so no further action is required. If you use some .tar.*z archives, be sure to configure your extracting tool to convert the line endings. For example, with WinZip, you should activate the TAR file smart CR/LF Conversion option. Alternatively, you may consider using the unix2dos or u2d utilities that are floating around, which specifically deal with this particular problem.
Build directories are placed in the top-level objs directory.


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| Contents | Prev | Next | Index | Java Language Specification Second Edition |
This second edition of The Java Language Specification reflects these developments. It integrates all the changes made to the Java programming language since the publication of the first edition in 1996. The bulk of these changes were made in the 1.1 release of the Java platform in 1997, and revolve around the addition of nested type declarations. Later modifications pertained to floating-point operations. In addition, this edition incorporates important clarifications and amendments involving method lookup and binary compatibility.
This specification defines the language as it exists today. The Java programming language is likely to continue to evolve. At this writing, there are ongoing initiatives through the Java Community Process to extend the language with generic types and assertions, refine the memory model, etc. However, it would be inappropriate to delay the publication of the second edition until these efforts are concluded.
The specifications of the libraries are now far too large to fit into this volume, and they continue to evolve. Consequently, API specifications have been removed from this book. The library specifications can be found on the java.sun.com
Web site (see below); this specification now concentrates solely on the Java programming language proper.
Readers may send comments on this specification to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>. To learn the latest about the Java 2 platform, or to download the latest Java 2 SDK release, visit http://java.sun.com
. Updated information about the Java Series, including errata for The Java Language Specification, Second Edition, and previews of forthcoming books, may be found at http://java.sun.com/Series
.
Many people contributed to this book, directly and indirectly. Tim Lindholm brought extraordinary dedication to his role as technical editor. He also made invaluable technical contributions, especially on floating-point issues. The book would likely not see the light of day without him. Lisa Friendly, the Series editor, provided encouragement and advice for which I am very thankful.
David Bowen first suggested that I get involved in the specifications of the Java platform. I am grateful to him for introducing me to this uncommonly rich area.
John Rose, the father of nested types in the Java programming language, has been unfailingly gracious and supportive of my attempts to specify them accurately.
Many people have provided valuable comments on this edition. Special thanks go to Roly Perera at Ergnosis and to Leonid Arbouzov and his colleagues on Sun's Java platform conformance team in Novosibirsk: Konstantin Bobrovsky, Natalia Golovleva, Vladimir Ivanov, Alexei Kaigorodov, Serguei Katkov, Dmitri Khukhro, Eugene Latkin, Ilya Neverov, Pavel Ozhdikhin, Igor Pyankov, Viatcheslav Rybalov, Serguei Samoilidi, Maxim Sokolnikov, and Vitaly Tchaiko. Their thorough reading of earlier drafts has greatly improved the accuracy of this specification.
I am indebted to Martin Odersky and to Andrew Bennett and the members of Sun's javac
compiler team, past and present: Iris Garcia, Bill Maddox, David Stoutamire, and Todd Turnidge. They all worked hard to make sure the reference implementation conformed to the specification. For many enjoyable technical exchanges, I thank them and my other colleagues at Sun: Lars Bak, Joshua Bloch, Cliff Click, Robert Field, Mohammad Gharahgouzloo, Ben Gomes, Steffen Grarup, Robert Griesemer, Graham Hamilton, Gordon Hirsch, Peter Kessler, Sheng Liang, James McIlree, Philip Milne, Srdjan Mitrovic, Anand Palaniswamy, Mike Paleczny, Mark Reinhold, Kenneth Russell, Rene Schmidt, David Ungar, Chris Vick, and Hong Zhang.
Tricia Jordan, my manager, has been a model of patience, consideration and understanding. Thanks are also due to Larry Abrahams, director of Java 2 Standard Edition, for supporting this work.
The following individuals all provided useful comments that have contributed to this specification: Godmar Bak, Hans Boehm, Philippe Charles, David Chase, Joe Darcy, Jim des Rivieres, Sophia Drossopoulou, Susan Eisenbach, Paul Haahr, Urs Hoelzle, Bart Jacobs, Kent Johnson, Mark Lillibridge, Norbert Lindenberg, Phillipe Mulet, Kelly O'Hair, Bill Pugh, Cameron Purdy, Anthony Scian, Janice Shepherd, David Shields, John Spicer, Lee Worall, and David Wragg.
Suzette Pelouch provided invaluable assistance with the index and, together with Doug Kramer and Atul Dambalkar, assisted with Frame-Maker expertise; Mike Hendrickson and Julie Dinicola at Addison-Wesley were gracious, helpful and ultimately made this book a reality.
On a personal note, I thank my wife Weihong for her love and support.
Finally, I'd like to thank my coauthors, James Gosling, Bill Joy, and Guy Steele for inviting me to participate in this work. It has been a pleasure and a privilege.
Gilad BrachaLos Altos, California
| Contents | Prev | Next | Index | Java Language Specification Second Edition |
Java Language Specification (HTML generated by Suzette Pelouch on May 10, 2000)
Copyright © 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
All rights reserved
Please send any comments or corrections to jls@java.sun.com