{"entry_id": "03e4bce1-b402-420c-8fcd-bb5a3633d4ab", "infos": [{"txt": "A Longitudinal Study of Child Wellbeing Assessment via Online Interactions with a Social Robot", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 0, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.115, 0.798, 0.135], [0.119, 0.137, 0.292, 0.157]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "NIDA ITRAT ABBASI, Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.167, 0.761, 0.183]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "GUY LABAN, Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 200000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.188, 0.702, 0.203]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "TAMSIN FORD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 300000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.208, 0.574, 0.224]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "PETER B. JONES, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.229, 0.586, 0.244]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "6", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.029, 0.267, 0.055, 0.281]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "HATICE GUNES, Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.249, 0.727, 0.264]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "202", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.024, 0.282, 0.059, 0.323]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Feb", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.319, 0.056, 0.352]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Socially Assistive Robots are studied in diferent Child-Robot Interaction settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.276, 0.555, 0.29]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "However, logistical constraints limit accessibility, particularly afecting timely support for mental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.555, 0.276, 0.821, 0.29], [0.12, 0.292, 0.423, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this work, we have investigated whether online interactions with a robot can be used for the assessment of mental wellbeing in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.423, 0.292, 0.82, 0.305], [0.12, 0.307, 0.446, 0.321]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children (N=40, 20 girls and 20 boys; 8-13 years) interacted with the Nao robot (30-45 mins) over three sessions, at least a week apart.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.446, 0.307, 0.82, 0.321], [0.12, 0.323, 0.46, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Audio-visual recordings were collected throughout the sessions that concluded with the children answering user perception questionnaires pertaining to their anxiety towards the robot, and the robot’sabilities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.46, 0.323, 0.82, 0.337], [0.12, 0.339, 0.82, 0.353], [0.12, 0.354, 0.163, 0.368]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We divided the participants into three wellbeing clusters (low, med and high tertiles) using their responses to the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) and further analysed how their wellbeing and their perceptions of the robot changed over the wellbeing tertiles, across sessions and across participants’ gender.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.163, 0.354, 0.82, 0.368], [0.12, 0.37, 0.82, 0.384], [0.12, 0.386, 0.466, 0.4]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our primary fndings suggest that (I) online mediated-interactionswith robots can be efective in assessing children’s mental wellbeing over time, and (II) children’s overall perception of the robot eitherimproved or remained consistent across time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.466, 0.386, 0.82, 0.4], [0.12, 0.402, 0.82, 0.415], [0.12, 0.417, 0.36, 0.431]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Supplementary exploratory analyses have also revealed that the gender of the children afected their wellbeing assessments with interactions efectively distinguishing between varying levels of wellbeing for both boys and girls for the frst session and only for boys during the second session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.36, 0.417, 0.82, 0.431], [0.12, 0.433, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.449, 0.517, 0.463]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The analyses have also revealed that girls have a higher opinion of the robot as a confdante as compared with boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.449, 0.82, 0.463], [0.12, 0.464, 0.442, 0.478]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Findings from this work afrm the potential of using online mediated interactions with robots for the assessment of the mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.442, 0.464, 0.82, 0.478], [0.12, 0.48, 0.542, 0.494]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1INTRODUCTION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.517, 0.257, 0.532]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "国", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.344, 0.055, 0.364]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Research into Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) in children’s lives have become increasingly prevalent, addressing theirpotential roles in education [51, 121], autism interventions [106] and more recently in the feld of mental health [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.538, 0.82, 0.553], [0.12, 0.555, 0.822, 0.571]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children have been shown to consider robots as companions and peers because of the non-intimidating, engaging nature of SARs that provide an interactive, responsive and non-judgemental platform for children to feel comfortable [33, 61].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.572, 0.82, 0.588], [0.12, 0.589, 0.82, 0.605], [0.12, 0.607, 0.167, 0.622]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, interacting with SARs usually involves visiting a laboratory and thus providing logistical restrictions in availability and accessibility.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.167, 0.607, 0.82, 0.622], [0.12, 0.624, 0.303, 0.64]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In sensitive domains like mental health, emotional stigma, shame and attitudes towards seeking help (for example, from therapists [122], online support initiatives [128] and wellbeing applications [95]) may afect self-disclosure in children [29, 111].In addition, children’s inclinations to openly express their emotions are alsoheavily infuenced by their gender as boys have been observed to show increased hesitation towards disclosing their genuine feelings compared to girls [23].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.624, 0.82, 0.64], [0.12, 0.641, 0.82, 0.657], [0.12, 0.659, 0.82, 0.674], [0.12, 0.676, 0.82, 0.692], [0.12, 0.693, 0.357, 0.709]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SARs have been shown to help with mood estimation [41] and improvement [71], alleviating anxiety during painful medical procedures [101] and identifying bullying instances among children [15].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.711, 0.82, 0.726], [0.12, 0.728, 0.623, 0.744]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, most of these studies have involved visits to unfamiliar environments like university laboratories or hospitals that might afect children’s", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.728, 0.82, 0.744], [0.12, 0.745, 0.82, 0.761]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Authors’ addresses:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.776, 0.211, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Nida Itrat Abbasi, nia22@cam.ac.uk, Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK; Guy Laban,guy.laban@cl.cam.ac.uk, Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK; Tamsin Ford, tjf52@cam.ac.uk, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Peter B. Jones, pbj21@cam.ac.uk, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Hatice Gunes, hg410@cam.ac.uk, Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.211, 0.776, 0.821, 0.788], [0.12, 0.789, 0.82, 0.801], [0.12, 0.801, 0.821, 0.813], [0.12, 0.814, 0.584, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.813, 0.832, 0.82, 0.84]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.178, 0.09, 0.188, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "interactions and comfort levels.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.377, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Studies that have investigated the interaction of children with SARs in familiar settings have primarily been in the feld of edutainment [121] or autism research [106].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.377, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.722, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As discussions about the potential applications of social robots in well-being settings gain prominence, it is crucial to acknowledge that physical HRI research often relies on laboratory-constrained environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.722, 0.137, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.585, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This reliance limits the generalization of results, interactions, and insights across diverse populations and conditions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.585, 0.172, 0.882, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.598, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The COVID-19 pandemic, by accelerating the adoption of computer-mediated communication in households [24], has opened new avenues for HRI research.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.598, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.822, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This shift towards virtual and computer-mediated communication (CMC) methods enables researchers to explore the interaction with robots in home environments via personal screens [38], allowing for rigorous and reproducible research that efectively supports individuals’ well-being in their natural settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.822, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.179, 0.241, 0.88, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.582, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, CMC interactions with social robotshave been leveraged to support informal caregivers [73], who often struggle to fnd time and energy for self-care, leading to overlooked health issues [98].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.582, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.882, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.421, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach ofers them the opportunity to discuss their concerns with an online-mediated robot, ensuring continuous support in their natural environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.421, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.674, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These strategies not only enhance the accessibility of emotional well-being interventions to a wider range of populations, thereby promoting inclusivity and diversity but also enable the generalization of HRI research fndings to diverse groups that may be restricted from participating in in-person studies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.674, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.345, 0.88, 0.36], [0.18, 0.362, 0.381, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Despite concerns about the loss of physical embodiment, recent studies have found no signifcant diferences in participants’ perceptions and interactions with robots in virtual versus in-person settings[42, 43, 52, 69], providing strong evidence for the efcacy of CMC as an alternative means for HRI experimentation, especially in unique settings such as CRI with children from around the world.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.381, 0.362, 0.88, 0.378], [0.18, 0.379, 0.88, 0.395], [0.18, 0.397, 0.882, 0.412], [0.18, 0.414, 0.656, 0.43]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, having a robotic platform that children can interact with in an environment familiar to them, and that can take into account any predispositions in their attitudes, especially in the context of mental wellbeing assessment, might help them to be more candid about their feelings and experiences.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.656, 0.414, 0.88, 0.43], [0.18, 0.431, 0.88, 0.447], [0.18, 0.448, 0.88, 0.464], [0.18, 0.466, 0.329, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the context of long-term HRI, SARs have been shown to provide emotional support and companionship to the elderly who formed strong bonds with the robot over long-term interactions [127].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.483, 0.88, 0.499], [0.18, 0.5, 0.664, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even online longitudinal interaction with robots has been shown to enhance mood, mitigate feelings of loneliness and promote self-disclosure in adults [71].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.664, 0.5, 0.88, 0.516], [0.179, 0.518, 0.88, 0.533], [0.18, 0.535, 0.207, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, in this work, we present the frst study that has explored whether longitudinal online interactions with a robot can be used for the assessment of mental wellbeing in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.207, 0.535, 0.88, 0.551], [0.18, 0.552, 0.595, 0.568]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, we have explored whether co-location afects robotised wellbeing assessment by comparing our research fndings with our prior investigation [3, 4] that has involved SARs for the assessment of mental wellbeing through an in-lab setting.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.595, 0.552, 0.88, 0.568], [0.18, 0.57, 0.88, 0.585], [0.18, 0.587, 0.688, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also provide an exploratory supplementary investigation into whether the gender of the participants afects the longitudinal assessment of mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.688, 0.587, 0.88, 0.602], [0.18, 0.604, 0.88, 0.62], [0.179, 0.621, 0.314, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For this purpose, we have gathered data from 40 children (20 girls and 20 boys, 8-13 years old) who interacted with a Nao robot (SoftBank Robotics), over the course of three sessions for about 30-45 mins in each session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.314, 0.621, 0.88, 0.637], [0.18, 0.639, 0.88, 0.654], [0.18, 0.656, 0.258, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our primary fndings suggest that (i) online interactions with the robot (using Zoom or Skype) can be efective in the assessment of mental wellbeing of children, and (ii) user perception of the robot largely improved or remained unchanged throughout the course of the three online sessions and was afected by the physical presence of the robot especially in the case of anxiety attributed towards the robot and the perceived intelligence of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.258, 0.656, 0.88, 0.672], [0.18, 0.673, 0.88, 0.689], [0.18, 0.691, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.882, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our supplementary exploratory analyses have revealed that gender-based variability has been observed in terms of the longitudinal robot-assisted assessments as well as the children’s perception of robot’s behaviour and capabilities.We found that robot-assisted assessment was able to amplify the diferences across varying levels of wellbeing for both boys and girls for the frst session and only for boys for the second session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.725, 0.88, 0.741], [0.18, 0.743, 0.882, 0.758], [0.179, 0.76, 0.88, 0.775], [0.18, 0.777, 0.676, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have also observed that girls had a higher opinion of the robot as their confdante as compared to boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.676, 0.777, 0.88, 0.793], [0.18, 0.794, 0.636, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In summary, this work builds upon our prior work where we observed children interacting with a robot in an in-lab setting [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.636, 0.794, 0.88, 0.81], [0.18, 0.812, 0.725, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As mentioned above, our", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.725, 0.812, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.81, 0.09, 0.821, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "fndings indicate that even in an online setting, robotised frameworks can be used to efectively diferentiate between children belonging to varying levels of wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.419, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This consistency reinforces the adaptability and robustness of our approach paving the way for broader applications, across diferent settings, in assessing children’s wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.419, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.765, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We hopethat the fndings from this work can provide a valuable stepping-stone for upcoming robot-led initiatives that are more accessible to children for the assessment of their mental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.765, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.519, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2RELATED WORKS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.222, 0.266, 0.236]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "2.1Wellbeing Assessments", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.243, 0.308, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "According to ofcial government statistics published in 20231, about 20.3 % of children (8-16 years) in the UK have probable mental health disorder.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.264, 0.82, 0.28], [0.12, 0.281, 0.312, 0.297]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Early identifcation of mental wellbeing concerns is customary for the future welfare of children in order to mitigate any long-lasting consequences concerning their emotional wellness, social relationships and academic performance [113].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.312, 0.281, 0.82, 0.297], [0.12, 0.299, 0.82, 0.314], [0.12, 0.316, 0.32, 0.331]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the UK, several governmental [20, 40] and non-governmental [18, 82] initiatives have been conducted to understand the mental health of children and young people.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.316, 0.82, 0.331], [0.12, 0.333, 0.623, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 1 (a) shows a depiction of the mental wellbeing assessment pipelines followed by some of these initiatives.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.333, 0.82, 0.349], [0.12, 0.35, 0.589, 0.366]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The pipeline is not standardised across all clinical and research assessments concerning the mental health of children conducted in the UK.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.589, 0.35, 0.82, 0.366], [0.12, 0.368, 0.7, 0.383]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In children’s mentalhealth evaluations for research endeavours, once consent has been provided by the parents or legal guardians, mental health assessments are usually conducted by lay interviewers or through online forms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.7, 0.368, 0.82, 0.383], [0.12, 0.385, 0.82, 0.401], [0.12, 0.402, 0.632, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These assessments [e.g., 40, 82] usually follow structured or semi-structured interviews designed to measure several aspects of children’s mental healthincluding their emotional wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.632, 0.402, 0.82, 0.418], [0.12, 0.42, 0.82, 0.435], [0.12, 0.437, 0.34, 0.453]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When conducted for research aims, this evaluation would be for screening and assessment and not for formal clinical diagnosis and follow-up treatment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.34, 0.437, 0.82, 0.453], [0.12, 0.454, 0.56, 0.47]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, these initiatives rely heavily on the assumption that the recorded responses of the children are authentic and representative of their true feelings [123].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.471, 0.82, 0.487], [0.12, 0.489, 0.393, 0.504]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children’s responses might be infuenced by their reluctance to divulgesensitive information about themselves or being intimidated by the presence of other adults in the room whom they might consider authority fgures [92].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.489, 0.82, 0.504], [0.12, 0.506, 0.82, 0.522], [0.12, 0.523, 0.342, 0.539]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, they may provide socially desirable answers that might not refect their genuine thoughts and emotions [45, 90, 123].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.342, 0.523, 0.82, 0.539], [0.12, 0.541, 0.393, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Previous studies have shown that people gradually open up to robots over time [71], with those experiencing negative emotional states being more likely to share extensively with robots [70].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.541, 0.82, 0.556], [0.12, 0.558, 0.82, 0.574], [0.12, 0.575, 0.148, 0.591]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furthermore, SARs have been shown to be very efective in establishing trust particularly with children [34], who have often attributed robots as peers and friends [39, 58].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.575, 0.822, 0.591], [0.119, 0.593, 0.488, 0.608]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, robots could potentially be a valuable addition to children’s mental wellbeing assessment pipeline (Figure 1 (b)) possibly eliciting more candid responses from thechildren that accurately represent their feelings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.488, 0.593, 0.82, 0.608], [0.12, 0.61, 0.82, 0.626], [0.12, 0.627, 0.407, 0.643]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, robots’ multimodal sensing capabilities can be leveragedto identify non-verbal cues that extends children’s verbal responses, garnering insights from children’s behaviour suchas their facial expressions and vocal tone.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.407, 0.627, 0.82, 0.643], [0.12, 0.644, 0.82, 0.66], [0.12, 0.662, 0.371, 0.677]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently, critical observations can be fagged for child mental health practitioners to facilitate a diagnosis so that necessary support, if needed, can be provided at an early stage [see similar discussion in 67].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.371, 0.662, 0.82, 0.677], [0.12, 0.679, 0.82, 0.695], [0.12, 0.696, 0.223, 0.712]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.2Digital Mental Health Support", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.729, 0.355, 0.744]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In recent years, mobile applications have emerged as a cost-efective and accessible means of delivering mental health interventions, ofering a wide range of support to users on their personal devices.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.75, 0.82, 0.765], [0.12, 0.767, 0.594, 0.783]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, apps providing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mood tracking, and emotional regulation strategies have gained popularity for their ability", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.767, 0.82, 0.783], [0.12, 0.784, 0.82, 0.8]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.815, 0.678, 0.828]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.882, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.089, 0.188, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.233, 0.113, 0.823, 0.367]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 1. (a) Pipeline showing the procedure for mental wellbeing assessment of children in the UK [18, 40, 82]. This pipeline is representative of certain assessment scenarios and is not standardised across all clinical and research assessments conducted in the UK. (b) Proposed robotised mental health assessment pipeline", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.376, 0.884, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "to scale and deliver interventions to underserved populations [48].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.445, 0.572, 0.46]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Mobile apps specifcally designed for children, such as those targeting emotional self-awareness and mood monitoring, have shown potential to engage young users and ofer additional support outside of traditional clinical settings [96].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.445, 0.88, 0.46], [0.18, 0.462, 0.88, 0.478], [0.18, 0.479, 0.573, 0.495]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, concerns regarding the lack of regulatory oversight, as well as limited evidence on the efectiveness and safety of many commercially available apps, present signifcant challenges in their widespread adoption and clinical recommendation [46].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.573, 0.479, 0.88, 0.495], [0.18, 0.497, 0.88, 0.512], [0.18, 0.514, 0.687, 0.53]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) present an alternative approach, ofering a unique advantage through their physical cues of embodiment and interactive capabilities [67].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.687, 0.514, 0.881, 0.53], [0.18, 0.531, 0.88, 0.547], [0.18, 0.549, 0.277, 0.564]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unlike mobile apps, SARs engage users in multimodal interactions, incorporating voice, gestures, and facial expressions to foster rapport and elicit richer self-disclosures [66, 67, 115, 116].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.277, 0.549, 0.88, 0.564], [0.18, 0.566, 0.694, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The embodied nature of SARs allows for more naturalistic social interactions, which is particularly benefcial in mental health settings where trust and empathy are critical [21].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.694, 0.566, 0.88, 0.582], [0.18, 0.583, 0.88, 0.599], [0.18, 0.6, 0.354, 0.616]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This interactive and dynamic form of engagement is especially important when working with children, who often require a playful and empathetic approach to feel comfortable discussing their mental state [102].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.354, 0.6, 0.88, 0.616], [0.179, 0.618, 0.88, 0.633], [0.18, 0.635, 0.214, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, the use of SARs in this context can be a powerful tool for clinicians aiming to assess and support the emotional well-being of children in a non-threatening, child-friendly manner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.214, 0.635, 0.88, 0.651], [0.18, 0.652, 0.643, 0.668]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.3Child robot interaction (CRI) in mental health.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.686, 0.523, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Exploring health and wellbeing applications has been an emerging frontier in CRI literature.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.707, 0.743, 0.722]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Studies have focussed on how SARs have been used to provide emotional support for a variety of health and wellness-related situations [3, 15, 41, 50, 84, 101].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.743, 0.707, 0.88, 0.722], [0.18, 0.724, 0.88, 0.74], [0.18, 0.741, 0.308, 0.757]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, Gamborino et al [41] have used SARs for the assessment and enhancement of mood in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.308, 0.741, 0.88, 0.757], [0.18, 0.759, 0.247, 0.774]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Rossi et al [101] have investigated how robots have been used to alleviate stress and anxiety in children in hospital consultations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.759, 0.88, 0.774], [0.18, 0.776, 0.312, 0.792]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Henkemans et al [50] have used robots to provide motivation to children for self-management of diabetes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.312, 0.776, 0.88, 0.792], [0.18, 0.793, 0.231, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Meghdari et al [84] have observed that social robots provide comfort to pediatric cancer patients.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.231, 0.793, 0.805, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Robots have also been used to investigate cases of bullying in children [15].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.793, 0.88, 0.809], [0.18, 0.81, 0.554, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "More recently, SARs have been successfully employed", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.554, 0.81, 0.88, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.812, 0.09, 0.822, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "for the evaluation of mental wellbeing in children [3].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.437, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, all the aforementioned works have involved children’sphysical presence in unfamiliar settings like hospitals and research laboratories which might afect children’s comfortlevels and also contribute towards their hesitancy in opening up.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.437, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.507, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.4Remote access to robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.186, 0.317, 0.2]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Having remote access to SARs might help in reducing the stress among participants that can be attributed to unfamiliar environments such as research labs and hospitals.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.408, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, in adults, Laban et al [71] have observed that interactions with online mediated robots have promoted enhancement of mood and self-disclosure among their participants and that adults who are experiencing negative emotions tend to disclose more to a social robot despite being remote [70].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.408, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.119, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.804, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of children, speaking with a social robot online has encouraged diabetic children to maintain a diary [125] Lytridis et al [81] have used robots to provide personalised support and special education to children with ASD, without in-person interaction with the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.804, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.819, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.344, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Pasupuleti et al [93] have employed teleconferencing with a robot to promote good hand hygiene among children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.344, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.333, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Calvo et al [19] have demonstrated how repeated exposure to online social robots promotes trust among children in a storytelling task.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.333, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.431, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Previous HRI studies have also reported that co-location with the robot does not necessarily improve the objective of the experimental tasks under consideration.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.345, 0.82, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.68, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, Gittens et al [44] have shown that conducting HRI sessions online does not negatively afect the interaction experience.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.68, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.764, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Kennedy et al [59] have shown that the robot’s physical presence did not improve children’s learning.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.764, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.674, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Hence, having a remoterobot platform can mitigate the logistical constraints associated with CRI, enabling better accessibility for potential longitudinal interactions, and thus encouraging timely and consistent support in sensitive matters related to children’smental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.674, 0.397, 0.82, 0.412], [0.12, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.226, 0.464]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.5Longitudinal CRI.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.48, 0.272, 0.495]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Long-term interactions facilitate an evaluation of the infuence of novelty efect [112] on the child-robot interaction experience.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.5, 0.82, 0.516], [0.12, 0.518, 0.186, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, Kozima et al [62] have observed that long-term interactions with robots have elicited pro-social behaviour among preschoolers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.518, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.307, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Abdelmohsen et al [5] have shown that longitudinal sessions with virtual robots have improved conversational skills in children with autism.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.307, 0.535, 0.82, 0.551], [0.12, 0.552, 0.447, 0.568]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Russel et al [103] have shown how robot-assisted intervention has helped in the reduction of stress and better coping among children with cystic fbrosis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.447, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.669, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Studies have also shown how the attention and engagement of children decrease over time upon prolonged interaction with robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.669, 0.57, 0.82, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.743, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, Serholt et al [107] have shown that the social responses from children had reduced over multiple interactions with their robot tutors.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.743, 0.587, 0.822, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.82, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.193, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Salter et al [104] reported that children showed increased boredom after prolonged exposure to the robots in their schools.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.193, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.12, 0.639, 0.213, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, understanding the long-term interactions between robots and children can provide compelling insights into developing personalised intervention strategies that account for individual variability, especially in the context of mental wellbeing assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.12, 0.656, 0.82, 0.672], [0.12, 0.673, 0.366, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.6Gender diferences in mental health and HRI.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.705, 0.455, 0.719]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With regard to mental health, gender-based variability has been observed in children about their perceived wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.725, 0.822, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, societal constructs concerning masculinity have been shown to dictate boys’ attitudes towards mentalhealth and seeking help when in need [94].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.743, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.384, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Boys have also shown to have decreased awareness in relation to their mental health [23] and have increased stigma associated with mental health concerns like depression as compared to girls [79].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.384, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.82, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.178, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even in the feld of HRI, the gender of the participants seemed to infuence their perceived perception of the robot and their interaction experience.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.178, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.375, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, Mutlu et al [87] have shown that the male participants have", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.375, 0.812, 0.82, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.882, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "O", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.092, 0.187, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.281, 0.077, 0.782, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 2. (a) Researcher view of the experimental setup, (b) Participant view of the interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.282, 0.317, 0.777, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "reported higher self-perceived positive afect when interacting with a robot as compared to the female participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.371, 0.882, 0.387]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Strait et al [119] showed a diference in perceived ratings between males and females in relation to changes in verbal and non-verbal behaviours of the robot (i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.389, 0.88, 0.404], [0.18, 0.406, 0.48, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "women reacted favourably to increased politeness from the robot).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.406, 0.882, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, in order to develop a holistic understanding of the mental wellbeing of the current and future generations, it is important to account for gender-related diferences when designing robot-assisted assessment tools for children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.423, 0.88, 0.439], [0.18, 0.44, 0.867, 0.456]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.7Research Qestions and Contributions", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.477, 0.47, 0.492]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children difer widely in their attitudes towards technology which might afect their interaction with a social robot [56].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.498, 0.882, 0.513]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is of specifc importance when encouraging them to open up about their wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.515, 0.712, 0.531]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It has also been shown that wellbeing is infuenced by multiple factors (family problems, fnancial issues, academic workload etc.)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.712, 0.515, 0.88, 0.531], [0.179, 0.532, 0.78, 0.548]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "and is subject to change without any warning or discerning pattern [47].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.78, 0.532, 0.88, 0.548], [0.18, 0.55, 0.52, 0.565]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we investigated whether and how online interaction (using Zoom or Skype) with a social robot can be used for the longitudinal assessment (three sessions over the course of 3-6 weeks) of mental wellbeing (RQ1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.55, 0.88, 0.565], [0.18, 0.567, 0.88, 0.583], [0.18, 0.584, 0.404, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Longitudinal CRI studies have also observed that habituation with the robot leads to children losing interest in the interaction, causing less engagement and attention to tasks [104].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.404, 0.584, 0.88, 0.6], [0.18, 0.601, 0.75, 0.617]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we investigated how children’s perception of the robot changed over the course of the longitudinal interaction (RQ2).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.75, 0.601, 0.88, 0.617], [0.18, 0.619, 0.785, 0.634]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, wealso investigated whether remote interactions with the robot afect the children’s perception of the robot as comparedto co-location (RQ2.1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.785, 0.619, 0.88, 0.634], [0.18, 0.636, 0.88, 0.652], [0.18, 0.653, 0.315, 0.669]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Gender-based diferences have also been observed with regard to participants’ attitudes towardsmental health [23] and their HRI experience [119].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.315, 0.653, 0.88, 0.669], [0.18, 0.671, 0.477, 0.686]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we also conducted a supplementary exploratory investigation into whether and how gender afects the robot-assisted longitudinal assessment of the mental wellbeing of children and their perception of the robot’s behaviour and capabilities (RQ3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.477, 0.671, 0.88, 0.686], [0.18, 0.688, 0.88, 0.704], [0.18, 0.705, 0.565, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By undertaking a study to investigate these research questions, our work provides the following contributions to child robot interaction research feld:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.723, 0.88, 0.738], [0.18, 0.74, 0.422, 0.755]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Our work is the frst study that (I) investigates whether remote and online interactions with a social robot (using Zoom or Skype) can be used for the evaluation of mental wellbeing in children; (II) compares how child mental wellbeing and user perceptions of the robot change longitudinally across time and sessions (3-6 weeks, 3 sessions at least a week apart); (III) explores whether and how child mental wellbeing and user perceptions of the robot vary with gender.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.74, 0.88, 0.755], [0.18, 0.757, 0.881, 0.773], [0.18, 0.774, 0.88, 0.79], [0.18, 0.792, 0.88, 0.807], [0.18, 0.809, 0.433, 0.825]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.809, 0.089, 0.822, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.103]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3METHODS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.121, 0.215, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The following section describes the study design, participants, experimental protocol and data analyses conducted in this work.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.141, 0.82, 0.157], [0.12, 0.159, 0.18, 0.174]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.1In-lab Study", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.193, 0.235, 0.208]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experiment design for the present work was motivated by our prior investigation examining whether and how a humanoid robot can be used for the evaluation of mental wellbeing of children in a dyadic physical lab setting [1, 3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.214, 0.82, 0.229], [0.12, 0.231, 0.822, 0.247]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our in-lab study, we collected data from 41 children2 (21 girls, 20 boys, mean age = 9.58𝑦.𝑜., SD = 1.45𝑦.𝑜.).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.248, 0.792, 0.264]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Theparticipants were recruited from Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.792, 0.248, 0.82, 0.264], [0.12, 0.266, 0.523, 0.281]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experimental protocol consisted of the robot following a pre-scripted interaction and conducting the following fve tasks sequentially: (i) Task 0: Icebreaking task; (ii) Task 1: Recall of a happy memory and a sad memory; (iii) Task 2: Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) [9]; (iv) Task 3: Picture task inspired by the Child Apperception Test (CAT) [14]; and (v) Task 4: three subscales from the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) [25].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.523, 0.266, 0.82, 0.281], [0.12, 0.283, 0.821, 0.298], [0.12, 0.3, 0.821, 0.316], [0.12, 0.317, 0.82, 0.333], [0.12, 0.335, 0.499, 0.35]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further details regarding the experimental setup and procedure can be found in [3],[1] and [4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.499, 0.335, 0.82, 0.35], [0.12, 0.352, 0.368, 0.368]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to compare whether children’s responses to a robot that is remotely connected via Zoom or Skype diferfrom the children’s responses to a robot that is co-located, in the context of mental wellbeing assessment, a similarexperimental protocol and tasks were adopted for the frst session of this study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.369, 0.82, 0.385], [0.12, 0.387, 0.82, 0.402], [0.12, 0.404, 0.587, 0.42]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this paper, we will refer to the study that used online interactions with the robot as the \"remote study\" while our previous study undertaken in the lab introduced in [1, 3, 4] will be referred to as the \"in-lab study\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.587, 0.404, 0.82, 0.42], [0.12, 0.421, 0.82, 0.437], [0.12, 0.439, 0.486, 0.454]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It should be noted that new participants were recruited for the remote study in order to ensure that no individual participated in both the remote study and the in-lab study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.486, 0.439, 0.82, 0.454], [0.12, 0.456, 0.816, 0.471]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2Remote Study", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.49, 0.247, 0.505]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experiment protocol followed during the remote study has been mentioned below.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.511, 0.632, 0.526]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It should be noted that in order to make valid comparison with our previous works [1, 3, 4], we have followed the same experimental protocol in the remote study, only changing the mode of interaction from in-person to online.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.632, 0.511, 0.82, 0.526], [0.12, 0.528, 0.82, 0.544], [0.12, 0.545, 0.588, 0.561]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.1Participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.577, 0.824, 0.782]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In planning for a repeated measures analysis to detect a medium efect size, a priori power analysis was conducted using G*power software [37], accounting for three groups and three repetitions per participant.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.577, 0.824, 0.782]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Parameters included a medium efect size f =0.25, an 𝛼error probability of 0.05, desired power (1 - 𝛽) of 0.80, correlationamong repeated measures of r = 0.5, and a nonsphericity correction of 𝜖=0.75, indicating a moderate expectation ofsphericity violation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.577, 0.824, 0.782]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The analysis recommended a total sample size of 36 participants to achieve an actual power (1 𝛽) of approximately 0.83, with a noncentrality parameter 𝜆=10.13, critical F-value of 3.51, and degrees of freedomadjusted for the anticipated non-sphericity (numerator df =1.5, denominator df =49.5).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.577, 0.824, 0.782]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This conservative approach ensures robustness against potential violations of sphericity and realistic assumptions about within-subject correlations, adequately powering the study to detect the specifed efect size.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.577, 0.824, 0.782]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To accommodate potential dropouts and ensure we have enough data for the supplementary analyses based on participants’ gender, we have increased the sample size by10%, aiming for at least 20 units in each cell for drawing statistical inferences [110].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.577, 0.824, 0.782]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further stratifcations of the data beyond the three tertiles, such as those based on gender, are complementary to the main analysis presented in this", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.577, 0.824, 0.782]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.803, 0.824, 0.828]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.188, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "paper.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.217, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The fnal sample size was determined following previous CRI studies yielding similar results with long-term experimental designs [e.g., 6], showing that a fnal sample size of 40 participants is appropriate.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.217, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.75, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "42 individuals between the ages of 8 and 13 years old were recruited using one of the two recruitment approaches:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (a) advertising using online fyers that were circulated across the schools, and (b) snowball sampling by leveraging contacts among the research team.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Informed written consent was obtained from the parents/guardians prior to the participation of their children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The recruitment criteria involved exclusion on the basis of any existing neurological or psychological conditions declared by the parents/guardians.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The recruitment criteria also included that the children were fuent in English which was the medium of communication of the study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was confrmed based on the language of instruction in their respective schools to be English.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The parents were asked to verify this on the consent form.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Two participants were not included in the study mentioned here: one due to technical difculties and another because of the inability to participate in the experiment sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, the fnal sample consisted of 40 participants (20 girls and 20 boys, mean age = 10.04, SD= 1.58).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One participant turned 14 during the course of the study sessions, however, was included in the study sample as they were 13 at the time of recruitment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The participants were from diferent parts of the world (Tajikistan: 13, UK: 8, Singapore: 7, Qatar: 6, India: 3, Other: 3) and interacted with the robot remotely using Zoom or Skype.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The study was approved by the Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee at the University of Cambridge.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.2Setup.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.409, 0.255, 0.422]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The study was conducted across two locations: (1) a meeting room in the university (Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.255, 0.409, 0.784, 0.422]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2 (a)) where the robot was located and the researchers were present, and (2) remotely using either Zoom or Skype where the participants were located (Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.784, 0.409, 0.88, 0.422], [0.18, 0.423, 0.88, 0.439], [0.179, 0.441, 0.283, 0.456]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2 (b)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.441, 0.32, 0.456]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The lab setup included the robot sitting on a table, in a crouching position with its hands on its legs and the Logitech camera placed about 1.5 m away from the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.441, 0.88, 0.456], [0.18, 0.458, 0.593, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The camera was used to display the robot to the participant on the Zoom or Skype platform.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.593, 0.458, 0.88, 0.474], [0.18, 0.475, 0.447, 0.491]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to enable good audio quality during the experiment session, a Jabra disc microphone was placed in front of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.447, 0.475, 0.88, 0.491], [0.18, 0.492, 0.503, 0.508]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A screen for displaying visual aids was placed behind the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.503, 0.492, 0.882, 0.508]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The child participant was requested to be seated in a quiet room and was asked to interact with the robot using smart devices like tablets, laptops etc.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.51, 0.88, 0.525], [0.18, 0.527, 0.368, 0.543]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They were encouraged to use earphones for a good interaction experience, while the parents/guardians were requested to be within earshot, in case the children have any difculties with regards to the technical aspects of the conference call like internet/wif issues.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.527, 0.88, 0.543], [0.18, 0.544, 0.88, 0.56], [0.18, 0.562, 0.554, 0.577]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They were asked not to help the children in relation to the experimental tasks and refrain from explaining the experiment activities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.554, 0.562, 0.88, 0.577], [0.18, 0.579, 0.639, 0.595]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.3Robotic platform.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.608, 0.319, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The study was conducted using the Nao humanoid platform from Aldebaran Robotics3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.608, 0.828, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Nao robot is equipped with human-like movement, visual sensors for object identifcation, and speech generation and is quite prevalent in CRI literature [10, 32].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.828, 0.608, 0.88, 0.621], [0.18, 0.623, 0.88, 0.639], [0.18, 0.64, 0.389, 0.656]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The robot followed a ‘Wizard of Oz’ paradigm in which the interaction dialogueswere pre-programmed and did not change with the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.389, 0.64, 0.88, 0.656], [0.179, 0.658, 0.558, 0.673]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, the experiment fow, i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.558, 0.658, 0.763, 0.673]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "the continuation of the activities as to when the robot should respond or proceed with the subsequent activity, was determined by the researcher.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.763, 0.658, 0.88, 0.673], [0.18, 0.675, 0.88, 0.69], [0.18, 0.692, 0.244, 0.708]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was done so that any interruptions to the experiment session due to the low quality of the conference call or internet issues do not afect the experiment tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.244, 0.692, 0.88, 0.708], [0.18, 0.709, 0.527, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Only one wizard who was a researcher conducted all the experiment sessions for all the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.527, 0.709, 0.88, 0.725], [0.18, 0.727, 0.44, 0.742]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.4Experiment protocol.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.756, 0.345, 0.769]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The researchers sent out the link for the video conference call prior to the experiment sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.345, 0.756, 0.88, 0.769], [0.18, 0.771, 0.232, 0.786]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The sessions’ dates and times were determined based on the children’s availability.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.232, 0.771, 0.735, 0.786]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children interactedwith the robot for three sessions at least one week apart.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.735, 0.771, 0.88, 0.786], [0.179, 0.788, 0.507, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For every interaction session, each child was requested to log in", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.507, 0.788, 0.88, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.178, 0.815, 0.354, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.812, 0.089, 0.822, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "to their preferred video conferencing platform (Zoom or Skype), prior to the experiment session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.685, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experimenter also joined the call using the camera and audio from their laptop and welcomed the child to the session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.685, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.71, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experimenter described certain housekeeping rules in relation to the experiment session, including asking the child to speak clearly and sufciently loudly and telling them about the regular breaks in between the activities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.71, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.661, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They were also instructed that they could pause the interaction, ask the robot to repeat what it was saying, and stop or skip parts of the activities, in accordance with how they felt.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.661, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.822, 0.205], [0.12, 0.206, 0.317, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Once the child was comfortable and ready to begin the interaction, the experimenter switched the camera of Zoom or Skype to the Logitech camera placed in front of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.317, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.663, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was done so that the experimenters were no longer in the frame of view of the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.663, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.552, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In some cases, the experimenter might also switch the audio input from the laptop computer to the Jabra microphone placed in front of the robot, depending on what the participant felt comfortable with in terms of the audio quality of the conference call.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.552, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.119, 0.276, 0.686, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The following are the steps that were taken to ensure that ethical practices during the child-robot interaction sessions:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.686, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.696, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(1) Communication of study procedures:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.143, 0.323, 0.385, 0.339]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The experimenters made eforts to ensure that the study procedures were communicated with children in an age-appropriate manner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.385, 0.323, 0.82, 0.339], [0.167, 0.34, 0.521, 0.356]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was done verbally at the start of the sessions as well as throughout the session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.34, 0.82, 0.356], [0.167, 0.358, 0.37, 0.373]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experimenters used simple and non-technical language to explain the experimental sessions and the role of the robot without delving into the study tasks in order to avoid priming and preparedness for answers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.37, 0.358, 0.82, 0.373], [0.167, 0.375, 0.82, 0.391], [0.167, 0.392, 0.349, 0.408]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They ensured the children understood that they were not required to perform any task they did not want to.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.349, 0.392, 0.82, 0.408], [0.167, 0.41, 0.346, 0.425]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2) Study tasks and breaks:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.143, 0.427, 0.31, 0.443]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " After each study task, the robot would ask the participants to see if they wanted to continue or take a break.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.31, 0.427, 0.82, 0.443], [0.167, 0.444, 0.317, 0.46]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "If the children decided to take a break, the experimenter would come back into the feld of view of the children and ensure that they felt comfortable resuming the study when they were ready to do so.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.317, 0.444, 0.82, 0.46], [0.167, 0.461, 0.82, 0.477], [0.167, 0.479, 0.202, 0.494]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The practice of allowing the children to take breaks and check in was designed in order to maintain a comfortable and supportive environment for the children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.202, 0.479, 0.82, 0.494], [0.167, 0.496, 0.512, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(3) Informed consent and assent:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.143, 0.513, 0.341, 0.529]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition to obtaining written consent from the parents, the study employed a child assent process to ensure that the children were comfortable with their participation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.341, 0.513, 0.82, 0.529], [0.167, 0.531, 0.704, 0.546]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experimenters verbally reassured that they could stop the session at any time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.704, 0.531, 0.82, 0.546], [0.166, 0.548, 0.557, 0.564]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This opportunity to withdraw was clearly communicated to the children and they were reminded that they could take breaks and discontinue the interaction at any point they wished.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.557, 0.548, 0.82, 0.564], [0.167, 0.565, 0.82, 0.581], [0.167, 0.583, 0.388, 0.598]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(4) Ethical practices for child-robot interaction:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.143, 0.6, 0.432, 0.616]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Ethical considerations were at the forefront of the study design.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.432, 0.6, 0.822, 0.616]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Several measures were taken to minimise any risk of harm:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.167, 0.617, 0.521, 0.633]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(a) Safety of the robot:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.172, 0.634, 0.31, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The robot was tested and designed with the children’s safety in mind.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.31, 0.634, 0.729, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It was ensuredthat the robot was safe to interact with and any potential for distress was minimised by pre-testing the interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.729, 0.634, 0.82, 0.65], [0.195, 0.652, 0.82, 0.667], [0.195, 0.669, 0.27, 0.685]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(b) Supervision and monitoring:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.686, 0.369, 0.702]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " All interactions were monitored by research staf to address any concerns immediately.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.369, 0.686, 0.82, 0.702], [0.195, 0.704, 0.274, 0.719]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children were encouraged to express their feelings and any signs of discomfort were addressed promptly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.274, 0.704, 0.82, 0.719], [0.195, 0.721, 0.316, 0.737]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(c) Informed parents:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.172, 0.738, 0.303, 0.754]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Parents were informed about the nature of the study prior to the experiment sessions through the participant information sheet.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.738, 0.82, 0.754], [0.195, 0.756, 0.459, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They had the option to contact the research staf for any clarifcation/copy of the study tasks in order to ensure transparency and ongoing consent.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.459, 0.756, 0.82, 0.771], [0.195, 0.773, 0.727, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They were also informed that they could contact the research staf if they would like to discuss the responses of their wards.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.727, 0.773, 0.82, 0.788], [0.195, 0.79, 0.82, 0.806], [0.195, 0.807, 0.234, 0.823]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.09, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(5) Recording and privacy:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.203, 0.12, 0.364, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The children were made aware that they were being recorded and they had the option to end the call as mentioned previously.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.364, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.227, 0.137, 0.464, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The frst interaction session started with the robot introducing itself, waving to the child, telling some jokes and playing tic tac toe with the child.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.16, 0.88, 0.176], [0.18, 0.177, 0.385, 0.193]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The second interaction session began with the robot giving a brief introduction again about the session, waving to the child, and telling the children some jokes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.385, 0.177, 0.88, 0.193], [0.18, 0.195, 0.662, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, the third interaction session started with the robot introducing the session, waving and playing a guessing game with the children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.662, 0.195, 0.88, 0.21], [0.18, 0.212, 0.785, 0.228]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The decision to conduct three sessions was informed by prior literature [6, 88] to capture initial reactions as well as allow for a more nuanced understanding of how children would interact with the robot diferently over time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.785, 0.212, 0.88, 0.228], [0.18, 0.229, 0.88, 0.245], [0.18, 0.246, 0.736, 0.262]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For all the sessions, the initial introduction task ended with the robot asking the children ice-breaking questions like \"how was your day?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.246, 0.88, 0.262], [0.18, 0.264, 0.874, 0.279]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\", in order to get the children comfortable with the robot and its capabilities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.874, 0.264, 0.882, 0.279], [0.18, 0.281, 0.631, 0.297]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After the introduction activity, the robot proceeded to perform the tasks as described in the next section (Sec.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.631, 0.281, 0.88, 0.297], [0.18, 0.298, 0.58, 0.314]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.5 Study tasks).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.58, 0.298, 0.687, 0.314]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The activity fow was controlled by the experimenter who was responsible for when the robot should proceed with the task.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.687, 0.298, 0.88, 0.314], [0.18, 0.316, 0.734, 0.331]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was determined in accordance with when the child fnished with their responses so that interruptions due to internet connection or the quality of the conference call did not afect the completion of the experiment tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.734, 0.316, 0.88, 0.331], [0.18, 0.333, 0.88, 0.349], [0.18, 0.35, 0.677, 0.366]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.5Study tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.381, 0.289, 0.394]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to investigate whether co-location with the robot afects wellbeing assessment in children, we followed the experiment tasks of our prior work [3, 4] which consisted of measures that are established standards in HRI and child psychology [17, 22, 35].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.289, 0.381, 0.882, 0.394], [0.179, 0.396, 0.88, 0.411], [0.18, 0.413, 0.406, 0.428]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The frst session consisted of the following tasks:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.413, 0.703, 0.428]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Task1:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.431, 0.223, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The robot asked the children to recall a recent sad and happy memory.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.223, 0.431, 0.673, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "If the children responded with a recollection of either of the memories, the robot would then further ask the children to draw the memory on either the whiteboard of the Zoom platform or on a paper present in front of the child.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.673, 0.431, 0.88, 0.446], [0.18, 0.447, 0.88, 0.463], [0.179, 0.465, 0.635, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "statements like \"You felt lonely\" from the questionnaire and the child could respond by verbalising their responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.499, 0.854, 0.515]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The display screen was used to project the response ratings \"Not true\", \"Sometimes\" and \"True\" and the child was instructed by the robot to pick one of the response ratings in accordance with how they were feeling in the last two weeks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.854, 0.499, 0.88, 0.515], [0.18, 0.517, 0.88, 0.532], [0.18, 0.534, 0.852, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Task3: The robot conducted a picture-based task which was inspired by the Child Apperception Test (CAT) [14].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.552, 0.853, 0.567]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The robot showed picture 7 from the CAT in the frst session, using the computer screen and helped the children to form a narrative by asking questions like \"What do you think is happening in this picture?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.853, 0.552, 0.88, 0.567], [0.18, 0.569, 0.88, 0.584], [0.18, 0.586, 0.686, 0.601]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\", \"What do you think happened before this picture?\"", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.686, 0.586, 0.88, 0.601], [0.18, 0.603, 0.3, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "and \"What do you think happened after this picture?\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.603, 0.625, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The task was used to determine children’swellbeing based on the children’s description of the pictures and the narrative they came up with.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.625, 0.603, 0.88, 0.619], [0.179, 0.62, 0.767, 0.636]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similar tasks havealso been used previously in HRI [17].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.767, 0.62, 0.88, 0.636], [0.18, 0.638, 0.407, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Task 4:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.656, 0.226, 0.671]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The robot administered three subscales (generalised anxiety, panic disorder and low mood) from the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) [25].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.226, 0.656, 0.88, 0.671], [0.18, 0.672, 0.49, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The robot made statements in accordance with the items of the questionnaire like \"When you have a problem, your heart beats really fast\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.49, 0.672, 0.88, 0.688], [0.18, 0.69, 0.633, 0.705]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children were instructed to respond using one of the response ratings \"Never\", \"Sometimes\", \"Often\", and \"Always\" that were displayed on the computer screen", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.633, 0.69, 0.88, 0.705], [0.18, 0.707, 0.88, 0.723], [0.18, 0.724, 0.218, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For study sessions 2 and 3, the order of the tasks was changed in the following manner:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.741, 0.738, 0.757]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (1) Task 1- recalling a recent happy and sad memory, (2) Task 2- the robot conducted the RCADS, and (3) Task 3- the robot administered the picture based task (picture 9 from the CAT in session 2 and picture 10 from the CAT in session 3 [14]).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.738, 0.741, 0.88, 0.757], [0.18, 0.759, 0.88, 0.774], [0.18, 0.776, 0.813, 0.792]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The SMFQ task was only present in the frst session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.813, 0.776, 0.88, 0.792], [0.18, 0.793, 0.431, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experiment sessions concluded with the robot either playing a game with the child (session 1 and session 2) or telling some jokes to the child (session 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.793, 0.88, 0.809], [0.179, 0.811, 0.677, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "All three sessions concluded with", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.677, 0.811, 0.88, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "the experimenter conducting the user perception questionnaires.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.51, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since one of the aims of this work is to understand whether co-location afects the perception of the robot for mental wellbeing assessment, we adopted the user perception questionnaires employed in our prior work mentioned in [1].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.119, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.48, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The frst questionnaire was inspired by the questionnaire in [86] to measure the children’s perception of the robot as a confdante.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.569, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Open-ended questions and statement 10(\"Talking with the robot was similar to talking with a stranger\") were excluded.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.569, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.609, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children could respond using Likert ratings: (1) Strongly dislike, (2) Somewhat dislike, (3) Neither like nor dislike, (4) Somewhat like, and (5) Strongly like.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.609, 0.189, 0.82, 0.205], [0.12, 0.206, 0.82, 0.223], [0.12, 0.226, 0.144, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children’s anxiety towards robots was measured using a questionnaire inspired by the RAS [91].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.144, 0.226, 0.718, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To enable clarityand better understanding for children, statement 3 of RAS was modifed to \"The robot may be unable to understand my stories\", statement 10 was changed to \"Whether the robot understands what I am saying\", and statement 11 was modifed to \"I may be unable to understand what the robot is saying\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.718, 0.226, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.542, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children could respond by verbalising one of the response ratings: (1) I do not feel anxiety at all, (2) I hardly feel any anxiety, (3) I don’t feel much anxiety, (4) I feel alittle anxiety, (5) I feel much anxiety, and (6) I feel anxiety very strongly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.542, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.82, 0.309], [0.12, 0.313, 0.537, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, the third user perception questionnaire was inspired by the Godspeed questionnaire [13].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.313, 0.82, 0.326], [0.119, 0.327, 0.413, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We used the likeability and perceived intelligence subsections of the questionnaire and the children could respond using the questionnaire response ratings ranging from one to fve (one corresponded with the negative characteristic like \"ignorant\" and fve corresponded with the positive characteristic like \"knowledgeable\").", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.413, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.82, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.225, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It should be noted that in order to maintain a uniform interaction experience for all participants, the robot behaviour was consistent.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.225, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.309, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In other words, the robot did not build of the prior interactions with the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.309, 0.397, 0.822, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.6Measures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.431, 0.219, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The measures used in this work are as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.219, 0.431, 0.504, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 305, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Pre-study questionnaires:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.447, 0.293, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 306, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Prior to the frst experiment session, Qualtrics online links were sent to parents of the participating children which consisted of two questionnaires to be answered in relation to the children’s wellbeing - (1)Self-report questionnaire (to be answered by the child) consisting of three sub-scales (generalised anxiety, panic disorder and low mood) of the RCADS (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.91, mean score = 11.23 ± 9.19), and (2) Parent-report questionnaire (tobe answered by the parent) consisting of three subscales from (generalised anxiety, panic disorder and low mood) of the RCADS (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.89, mean score = 9.08 ± 7.54).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.293, 0.447, 0.82, 0.461], [0.12, 0.463, 0.821, 0.479], [0.12, 0.48, 0.82, 0.496], [0.12, 0.497, 0.82, 0.513], [0.12, 0.515, 0.82, 0.53], [0.12, 0.532, 0.485, 0.548]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 307, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The links to these questionnaires were attached in theemail sent after receiving an expression of interest in participation from the parents.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.485, 0.532, 0.82, 0.548], [0.12, 0.549, 0.62, 0.565]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children were not allowed to proceed with their frst session until these questionnaires were completed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.62, 0.549, 0.82, 0.565], [0.12, 0.567, 0.554, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Total scores for self-report and parent-report questionnaires were computed separately using the rating scores of the RCADS (never = 0, sometimes = 1, often = 2, always = 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.554, 0.567, 0.82, 0.582], [0.12, 0.584, 0.822, 0.6], [0.12, 0.601, 0.191, 0.617]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In-study questionnaires:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.62, 0.283, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Our aim in this work is to understand the feasibility of using remote interaction with the robot for wellbeing assessment of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.62, 0.82, 0.634], [0.12, 0.636, 0.373, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, we have only included children’s responses to the SMFQ (task 2 inthe frst session; Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.85, mean score = 6.63 ± 5.44) and the RCADS (task 4 in the frst session and task 2 inthe second and third sessions; Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.92, mean score = 12.57 ± 10.17) for analyses in this work.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.373, 0.636, 0.82, 0.651], [0.12, 0.653, 0.82, 0.669], [0.12, 0.67, 0.736, 0.686]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We computedtotal scores from the children’s responses to the SMFQ (not true= 0, sometimes= 1, and true = 2) and the RCADS (never= 0, sometimes = 1, often = 2, always = 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.67, 0.82, 0.686], [0.12, 0.688, 0.82, 0.703], [0.12, 0.705, 0.37, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-session questionnaires:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.724, 0.309, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The user perception questionnaires were conducted by the experimenter after every experiment session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.309, 0.724, 0.82, 0.738], [0.12, 0.74, 0.236, 0.755]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Total scores were computed for the frst user perception questionnaire (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.65, meanscore = 34.42 ± 3.74), inspired by [86] to understand children’s perception of the robot as a confdante, using thequestionnaire ratings of 1: Strongly dislike, 2: Somewhat dislike, 3: Neither like nor dislike, 4: Somewhat like, and 5: Strongly like.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.236, 0.74, 0.82, 0.755], [0.12, 0.757, 0.82, 0.773], [0.12, 0.774, 0.82, 0.79], [0.12, 0.794, 0.144, 0.807]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 317, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the second user perception questionnaire (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.84, mean score = 18.95 ± 8.27), inspired by the RAS[91] to understand the anxiety attributed to the robot by the children, total scores (referred to as \"robot anxiety\") were", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.144, 0.794, 0.82, 0.807], [0.12, 0.809, 0.82, 0.824]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 318, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 319, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 320, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "computed using the response ratings of 1:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.435, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 321, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I do not feel anxiety at all, 2: I hardly feel any anxiety, 3: I don’t feel muchanxiety, 4: I feel a little anxiety, 5: I feel much anxiety, and 6: I feel anxiety very strongly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.435, 0.12, 0.88, 0.136], [0.18, 0.14, 0.679, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 322, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, total scores from the third user perception questionnaire (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.82, mean score = 47.59 ± 3.33), inspired by the Godspeed questionnaire[13] to understand the user’s likeability of the robot and the perceived intelligence of the robot, were computed usingthe questionnaire ratings of 1- negative characteristic like \"Unkind\" to 5- positive characteristic like \"Kind\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.679, 0.14, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.803, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 323, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.3Construct Validity Analyses", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.22, 0.397, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 324, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In [2], we conducted validity analyses for our in-lab study described in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.241, 0.649, 0.256]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 325, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have followed the same approach for the data collected from the online remote study described in this work.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.649, 0.241, 0.88, 0.256], [0.18, 0.258, 0.629, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 326, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We conducted construct validity analysis through confrmatory principal component analysis (PCA) to validate established psychological assessment tools such as the SMFQ and RCADS in longitudinal CRI research presented here.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.629, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.275, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.588, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 327, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was done to ensure they accurately measure the intended constructs and to comprehend their limitations within CRI contexts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.588, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.651, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 328, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similarly, we applied the same analysis to both self-reported and parent-reported RCADS to achieve a deeper understanding of model ft and to discern the diferences more clearly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.651, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.344, 0.326, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 329, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.301, 0.367, 0.763, 0.581]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 330, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 1. Loadings of SMFQ Items", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.438, 0.581, 0.622, 0.592]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 331, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3.3.1SMFQ.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.633, 0.259, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 332, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A confrmatory PCA was conducted with the 13 SMFQ items to examine the underlying structure.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.259, 0.633, 0.846, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 333, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After inspecting the correlation matrix, it was confrmed that there was no threat of multicollinearity and that discriminant validity of variables was maintained, with the highest correlation at .74.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.846, 0.633, 0.88, 0.646], [0.18, 0.648, 0.88, 0.663], [0.18, 0.665, 0.609, 0.681]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The KMO measure of .714 afrmed sampling adequacy for the analysis, with all individual KMO values above .5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.609, 0.665, 0.88, 0.681], [0.18, 0.682, 0.589, 0.698]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Bartlett’s test of sphericity, 𝜒2(78) = 224.40, p <.001, indicated the data was suitable for PCA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.589, 0.682, 0.88, 0.697], [0.18, 0.699, 0.444, 0.715]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 336, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The PCA revealed one component with an eigenvalue of 4.951, explaining 38.084% of the variance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.444, 0.699, 0.88, 0.715], [0.18, 0.717, 0.326, 0.732]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 337, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The scree plot justifed retaining this single component.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.717, 0.672, 0.732]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 338, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 1 shows the loadings of the diferent items of the SMFQ.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.672, 0.717, 0.88, 0.732], [0.18, 0.734, 0.347, 0.75]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 339, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "High loadings were observed for item 5 (.83) and item 8 (.82), while items with the lowest loadings were items 6 (.50) and 2 (.50).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.347, 0.734, 0.88, 0.75], [0.18, 0.751, 0.404, 0.767]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 340, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Items 4 and 11 were not loaded, suggesting their loadings were suppressed since they were below the .4 coefcient threshold considered signifcant for this analysis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.404, 0.751, 0.88, 0.767], [0.18, 0.769, 0.678, 0.784]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 341, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.3.2RCADS - Robot administered.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.797, 0.391, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 342, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A confrmatory PCA was conducted with the 25 robot-administered RCADS items to examine the underlying structure.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.391, 0.797, 0.88, 0.81], [0.18, 0.812, 0.396, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 343, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After inspecting the correlation matrix, it was confrmed that there was no threat", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.396, 0.812, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 344, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.807, 0.09, 0.82, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 345, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A Longitudinal Study of Child Wellbeing Assessment via Online Interactions with a Social Robot", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.086, 0.701, 0.103]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 346, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.112, 0.82, 0.744]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 347, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "16.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.128, 0.561, 0.145, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 348, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "You/I/My child feel(s) sad or empty 0.68 0.66 0.52", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.145, 0.561, 0.359, 0.576], [0.497, 0.561, 0.521, 0.576], [0.627, 0.561, 0.651, 0.576], [0.745, 0.561, 0.768, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 349, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "17.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.128, 0.575, 0.145, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 350, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Nothing is much fun anymore 0.61 0.63 0.53", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.145, 0.575, 0.329, 0.59], [0.497, 0.575, 0.521, 0.59], [0.627, 0.575, 0.651, 0.59], [0.745, 0.575, 0.768, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 351, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "20.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.128, 0.63, 0.145, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 352, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "You/I/My child have(has) no energy for things 0.46 0.67 0.71", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.145, 0.63, 0.425, 0.646], [0.497, 0.63, 0.521, 0.646], [0.627, 0.63, 0.651, 0.646], [0.745, 0.63, 0.768, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 353, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 2. Component Loadings for Robot-Administered, Self-Reported and Parent-Reported RCADS. The item wordings were adapted to the respective mode of administration", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.731, 0.824, 0.756]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 354, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "of multicollinearity and that discriminant validity of variables was maintained, with the highest correlation of .59.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.794, 0.793, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 355, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The KMO measure of .831 afrmed sampling adequacy for the analysis, with all individual KMO values above .5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.793, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.811, 0.762, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 356, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Bartlett’s", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.762, 0.811, 0.82, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 357, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.088, 0.881, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 358, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.178, 0.09, 0.195, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 359, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "test of sphericity, 𝜒2 (300) = 1447.96, p < .001, indicated the data was suitable for PCA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.678, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 360, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The PCA revealed one componentwith an eigenvalue of 8.79, explaining 35.16% of the variance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.678, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.179, 0.137, 0.545, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 361, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The scree plot justifed retaining this single component.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.545, 0.137, 0.882, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 362, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2 shows the loadings of the diferent items of the robot-administered RCADS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.154, 0.681, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 363, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "High loadings were observed for several items, notably item 6 (.73) indicating strong relationships with the underlying factor, while the items with the lowest loadings was 25 (.45).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.681, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.351, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 364, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Item 19 was not loaded, suggesting its loading was suppressed since it was below the .4 coefcient threshold for this analysis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.351, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.404, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 365, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.3.3RCADS - Self reported.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.237, 0.354, 0.25]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 366, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A confrmatory PCA was conducted with the 25 self-reported RCADS items to examine the underlying structure.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.354, 0.237, 0.88, 0.25], [0.18, 0.252, 0.331, 0.268]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 367, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After inspecting the correlation matrix, it was confrmed that there was no threat of multicollinearity and that discriminant validity of variables was maintained, with the highest correlation of .83.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.331, 0.252, 0.882, 0.268], [0.18, 0.269, 0.817, 0.285]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 368, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The KMO measure of .65 afrmed sampling adequacy for the analysis, with all individual KMO values above .5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.817, 0.269, 0.88, 0.285], [0.18, 0.287, 0.781, 0.302]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 369, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Bartlett’s test ofsphericity, 𝜒2 (300) = 682.01, p < .001, indicated the data was suitable for PCA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.781, 0.287, 0.88, 0.302], [0.18, 0.304, 0.643, 0.32]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 370, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The PCA revealed one component withan eigenvalue of 9.05, explaining 36.21% of the variance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.643, 0.304, 0.88, 0.32], [0.18, 0.321, 0.511, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 371, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The scree plot justifed retaining this single component.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.511, 0.321, 0.844, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 372, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2 shows the loadings of the diferent items of the self-reported RCADS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.844, 0.321, 0.88, 0.337], [0.18, 0.339, 0.601, 0.354]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 373, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "High loadings were observed for several items, notably item 25 (.83) indicating strong relationships with the underlying factor, while the items with the lowest loading was item 14 (.45).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.601, 0.339, 0.882, 0.354], [0.18, 0.356, 0.88, 0.371], [0.179, 0.373, 0.283, 0.389]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 374, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Items 1, 5, 8, 15, and 19 were not loaded, suggesting their loadings were suppressed since they were below the .4 coefcient threshold for this analysis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.373, 0.88, 0.389], [0.18, 0.39, 0.48, 0.406]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 375, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.3.4RCADS - Parents reported.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.421, 0.371, 0.434]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 376, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A confrmatory PCA was conducted with the 25 RCADS items to examine the underlying structure.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.371, 0.421, 0.882, 0.434], [0.18, 0.436, 0.258, 0.452]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 377, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After inspecting the correlation matrix, it was confrmed that there was no threat of multicollinearity and that discriminant validity of variables was maintained, with the highest correlation of .83.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.258, 0.436, 0.88, 0.452], [0.18, 0.453, 0.72, 0.469]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 378, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The KMO measure of .510 afrmed sampling adequacy for the analysis, with all individual KMO values above .5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.72, 0.453, 0.88, 0.469], [0.18, 0.471, 0.695, 0.486]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 379, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Bartlett’s test of sphericity, 𝜒2(300) = 811.35, p < .001, indicated the data was suitable for PCA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.695, 0.471, 0.879, 0.482], [0.18, 0.488, 0.558, 0.504]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 380, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The PCA revealed one component with an eigenvalue of 8.04, explaining 32.17% of the variance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.558, 0.488, 0.88, 0.504], [0.18, 0.505, 0.43, 0.521]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 381, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The scree plot justifed retaining this single component.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.43, 0.505, 0.769, 0.521]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 382, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2 shows the loadings of the diferent items of the parent-reported RCADS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.769, 0.505, 0.88, 0.521], [0.18, 0.523, 0.548, 0.538]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 383, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "High loadings were observed for several items, notably item 23 (.85) indicating strong relationships with the underlying factor, while the item with the lowest loadings was item 15 (.41).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.548, 0.523, 0.88, 0.538], [0.18, 0.54, 0.88, 0.556], [0.18, 0.557, 0.256, 0.573]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 384, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Items 8, 10, 11, 12, 19, and 25 were not loaded, suggesting their loadings were suppressed since they were below the .4 coefcient threshold for this analysis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.256, 0.557, 0.88, 0.573], [0.18, 0.574, 0.48, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 385, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.3.5Transferbility of the measurements.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.605, 0.43, 0.618]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 386, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The construct validity analysis revealed a dominant principal component underlying each of the scales, suggesting that each scale includes a consistent factor for measuring children’s mentalhealth in CRIs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.43, 0.605, 0.88, 0.619], [0.18, 0.62, 0.88, 0.636], [0.18, 0.637, 0.266, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 387, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, not all items contributed equally to this factor.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.266, 0.637, 0.6, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 388, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A comparison between robot-administered and self-reported RCADS highlighted the former’s superior construct validity (i.e., demonstrating a better ft), suggestingthat mediating scale items via robotic interaction enhances the validity of symptom disclosure.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.6, 0.637, 0.88, 0.653], [0.18, 0.655, 0.88, 0.67], [0.18, 0.672, 0.76, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 389, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is in line with previous transferability analysis conducted with data from CRIs of similar structure [2].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.76, 0.672, 0.88, 0.688], [0.18, 0.689, 0.7, 0.705]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 390, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The validity analysis not only elucidated the core factors measured by the scales in CRIs but also set the stage for the main analysis by establishing the superior construct validity of robot-administered assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.7, 0.689, 0.88, 0.705], [0.18, 0.707, 0.88, 0.722], [0.18, 0.724, 0.567, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 391, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This foundation enables a deeper exploration of how robotic mediation can improve psychological assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.567, 0.724, 0.881, 0.74], [0.18, 0.741, 0.52, 0.757]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 392, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These results underpin the rationale for comparing wellbeing changes between tertiles for each session and across all sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.741, 0.88, 0.757], [0.18, 0.759, 0.568, 0.774]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 393, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The identifcation of a primary factor confrms that the scales can efectively distinguish between diferent levels of wellbeing measured using RCADS, making the Kruskal Wallis tests appropriate for identifying statistically signifcant diferences between groups defned by tertiles of SMFQ scores.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.568, 0.759, 0.88, 0.774], [0.18, 0.776, 0.88, 0.792], [0.179, 0.793, 0.88, 0.809], [0.18, 0.81, 0.221, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 394, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The construct validity analysis ensures that the instruments used in the study are measuring what they are", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.221, 0.81, 0.88, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 395, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 396, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.807, 0.09, 0.821, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 397, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "intended to measure with a high degree of accuracy, thereby lending credibility and support to the subsequent formal analyses of between-subject and within-subject diferences.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.475, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 398, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.4Data analyses", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.169, 0.244, 0.184]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 399, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.4.1Data clustering.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.192, 0.249, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 400, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We used the responses from the SMFQ to cluster the participants into three tertiles (low, med and high) similar to the framework followed in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.192, 0.82, 0.205], [0.12, 0.207, 0.412, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 401, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SMFQ thresholds were also taken into consideration in determining the children’s categorisation into the wellbeing clusters.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.412, 0.207, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.457, 0.24]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 402, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, if tertile categorisation resulted in a child withan SMFQ score of 9 being placed in med tertile, we included the child in the high tertile as the threshold for SMFQ is a total score of 8 4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.457, 0.224, 0.82, 0.24], [0.12, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.259, 0.234, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 403, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Tertile edges were computed separately for girls and boys in order to ensure similar participant numbers across the three wellbeing clusters (low tertile, med tertile and high tertile).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.234, 0.259, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.615, 0.292]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 404, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since the SMFQ is used to monitor symptoms of mood disorders in children, children belonging to the low tertile and med tertile were very unlikely to obtain a diagnosis of mood disorders while children in the high tertile were more likely to obtain a diagnosis of mood disorders.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.615, 0.276, 0.82, 0.292], [0.12, 0.293, 0.82, 0.309], [0.12, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.328, 0.178, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 405, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Following the tertile categorisation, these well-being clusters were used as independent variables to analyse their relationship with outcomes assessed by the RCADS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.345, 0.82, 0.361], [0.12, 0.362, 0.423, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 406, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach, well-supported in mental health research, facilitates structured comparisons of how varying levels of mood, as indicated by SMFQ tertiles, infuence specifc outcomes such as anxiety and depression symptoms [57, 109].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.423, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.38, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.4, 0.413]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 407, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given the distinct yet related constructs measured by SMFQ (general mood) and RCADS (specifc anxiety and depression symptoms), this method allows us to assess how mood categories align with diferent levels of psychological symptoms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.4, 0.397, 0.82, 0.413], [0.12, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.432, 0.451, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 408, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While a correlation between SMFQ and RCADS is typically expected [e.g., 80], the CRI context, where the robot administered RCADS, required careful consideration, as we could not assume this correlation would hold in the same way as in traditional child mental health studies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.451, 0.432, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.449, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.721, 0.482]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 409, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.4.2Statistical analyses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.495, 0.273, 0.508]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 410, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Statistical analyses were performed using either the statistical toolbox in Matlab 5 or using IBM SPSS 6.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.273, 0.495, 0.82, 0.508], [0.12, 0.51, 0.193, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 411, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our primary analyses consisted of investigating wellbeing and user perception changes for the overall population (40 participants) across the varying levels of wellbeing (tertiles) as well as across the sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.193, 0.51, 0.82, 0.525], [0.12, 0.527, 0.768, 0.543]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 412, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also conducted a secondary exploratory analysis by further stratifying the data according to the gender of the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.768, 0.527, 0.82, 0.543], [0.12, 0.544, 0.822, 0.56]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 413, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For this purpose, we employed non-parametric statistical analyses as our study data (RCADS, SMFQ and user perception responses) did not follow a normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.562, 0.82, 0.577], [0.12, 0.579, 0.528, 0.595]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 414, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We conducted Kruskal Wallis tests for betweensubject analyses while investigating wellbeing or user perception changes between the tertiles for each session as well as across the tertiles for all the sessions combined.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.528, 0.579, 0.822, 0.595], [0.12, 0.596, 0.82, 0.612], [0.12, 0.614, 0.424, 0.629]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 415, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We employed Friedman’s test to conduct within-subject analyseswhile comparing changes in wellbeing and user perception responses longitudinally across the experiment sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.424, 0.614, 0.82, 0.629], [0.119, 0.631, 0.822, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 416, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Between-subject pairwise comparisons while investigating change in responses across girls and boys, between the children’s RCADS responses to the robot and the parent’s RCADS responses to the pre-study questionnaire, and acrossthe remote study data collected in this work and our in-lab study [1, 3, 4] were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.648, 0.82, 0.664], [0.12, 0.665, 0.82, 0.681], [0.12, 0.683, 0.82, 0.698], [0.12, 0.7, 0.15, 0.716]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 417, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Within-subject pairwise comparison between the children’s responses to the children’s RCADS responses to therobot and their self-report responses to the pre-study questionnaire was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.15, 0.7, 0.82, 0.716], [0.12, 0.717, 0.82, 0.733], [0.12, 0.735, 0.145, 0.75]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 418, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To control for Type I errors due to multiple hypothesis testing, we applied the Holm-Bonferroni correction to pvalues from the confrmatory hypothesis tests.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.752, 0.822, 0.768], [0.12, 0.769, 0.393, 0.785]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 419, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This method sequentially adjusts signifcance levels for each hypothesis,", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.769, 0.822, 0.785]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 420, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "45https://www.seattlechildrens.org/globalassets/documents/healthcare-professionals/pal/ratings/smfq-rating-scale.pdf https://uk.mathworks.com/products/statistics.html 6https://www.ibm.com/spss", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.792, 0.664, 0.805], [0.125, 0.804, 0.36, 0.816], [0.12, 0.813, 0.249, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 421, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 422, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.091, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 423, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "prioritising smaller p-values to rigorously control Type I error while preserving sensitivity [7].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.759, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 424, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Both corrected and uncorrected p-values are reported in the results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.759, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.47, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 425, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc tests for between-subject (Kruskal-Wallis test) and withinsubject (Friedman’s test) analyses and the pairwise comparisons (across each investigated feature) were corrected usingBonferroni corrections (0.05/3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.137, 0.882, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.369, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 426, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Incorrect responses were replaced by the closest response rating by the researchers (e.g., a \"no\" response to the SMFQ statements was replaced with \"not true\").", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.477, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 427, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Missed responses to the statements of the questionnaires during the experiment session were imputed with the mode of the responses for the participant under consideration, for that questionnaire.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.477, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.18, 0.241, 0.294, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 428, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of three participants, data (two participants for the self-report questionnaire and one participant for the user perception questionnaires for session 3) did not get recorded due to technical issues and was replaced with mean value across all participants7.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.294, 0.241, 0.88, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.47, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 429, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, the inputted data was not used to compute reliability scores (Cronbach’s 𝛼) and to evaluate the construct validity of the measurements mentioned in Sec.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.276, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.738, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 430, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.6 Measures and Sec.3.3 Construct Validity Analyses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.738, 0.293, 0.882, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.371, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 431, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9300000, "bbox": [[0.235, 0.335, 0.822, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 432, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 3. Tertile edges and participant number (N) for the SMFQ scores for (a) remote study, and (b) In lab study [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.468, 0.845, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 433, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4RESULTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.524, 0.265, 0.538]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 434, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "4.1Tertile categorisation for identification of wellbeing clusters.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.546, 0.618, 0.56]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 435, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The SMFQ data collected during the frst session was used for tertile categorisation of the participants into three wellbeing clusters similar to [3, 55, 85].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.566, 0.88, 0.582], [0.179, 0.583, 0.418, 0.599]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 436, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 3 shows the tertile edges and number of participants for the diferent population groups (overall, girls and boys) for both the remote study conducted in this work and our in-lab study [3, 4], across the varying wellbeing clusters (low tertile, med tertile and high tertile).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.418, 0.583, 0.88, 0.599], [0.18, 0.601, 0.882, 0.616], [0.18, 0.618, 0.646, 0.634]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 437, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.2Efectiveness of online interactions with a social robot in wellbeing assessment (RQ1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.649, 0.785, 0.664]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 438, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 3 (a) shows the longitudinal changes in the children’s wellbeing across diferent population groups (overallshown in green, girls shown in blue and boys shown in yellow) and across diferent tertiles (low, med and high) for the three sessions of the study (independent variables:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.67, 0.88, 0.685], [0.18, 0.687, 0.88, 0.703], [0.18, 0.704, 0.487, 0.72]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 439, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " tertiles; dependent variables: RCADS responses).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.487, 0.704, 0.787, 0.72]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 440, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the overall population group, Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 18.98, 𝑝=< .001;𝑝= 0.007, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the RCADS responses for session 1 between the tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.787, 0.704, 0.88, 0.72], [0.18, 0.721, 0.881, 0.737], [0.18, 0.743, 0.768, 0.754]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 441, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwisecomparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferencesbetween low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 26, 𝑝= 0.00) and between med tertile and high tertile(𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑑= 11, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 26, 𝑝= 0.01).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.768, 0.743, 0.88, 0.754], [0.18, 0.756, 0.88, 0.772], [0.18, 0.773, 0.88, 0.789], [0.18, 0.791, 0.415, 0.806]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 442, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "7https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/seven-ways-to-make-up-data-common-methods-to-imputing-missing-data/", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.813, 0.702, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 443, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.088, 0.822, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 444, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.121, 0.086, 0.701, 0.103]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 445, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(a) Longitudinal changes in children’s wellbeingacross all population groups", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.221, 0.12, 0.5, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 446, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(b) Children’s wellbeingacross tertiles for all sessions combined", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.584, 0.121, 0.82, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 447, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.118, 0.823, 0.295]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 448, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 3. (a) Longitudinal changes in wellbeing (RCADS scores: dependent variables) across diferent population groups (overall, girls and boys) categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high; independent variables) using the SMFQ responses. (b) Children’swellbeing (RCADS scores) across tertiles for all sessions combined. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.305, 0.824, 0.346]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 449, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In the case of the RCADS responses for session 2, Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 10.73, 𝑝= 0.005;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.378, 0.82, 0.393], [0.12, 0.395, 0.267, 0.411]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 450, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.010, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) between the tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.267, 0.395, 0.628, 0.411]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 451, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisonsusing Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences betweenlow tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 7, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 18.5, 𝑝= 0.004).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.628, 0.395, 0.82, 0.411], [0.12, 0.412, 0.82, 0.428], [0.12, 0.429, 0.524, 0.445]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 452, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While considering the RCADS responses for session 3, Kruskal Wallis H test has also shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 12.02, 𝑝= 0.002;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.447, 0.82, 0.462], [0.12, 0.464, 0.336, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 453, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.010, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) between the tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.336, 0.464, 0.706, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 454, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwisecomparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferencesbetween low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 18.5, 𝑝= 0.004).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.706, 0.464, 0.82, 0.48], [0.12, 0.481, 0.82, 0.497], [0.12, 0.499, 0.578, 0.514]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 455, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have also observed that while comparing across tertiles for all sessions combined for all the participants (Figure 3(b)), Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 41.29, 𝑝=< .001;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.516, 0.82, 0.532], [0.12, 0.533, 0.751, 0.549]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 456, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.007,Holm-Bonferroni corrected) between the RCADS responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.751, 0.533, 0.822, 0.549], [0.12, 0.551, 0.475, 0.566]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 457, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with aBonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 20.5, 𝑝= 0.00) and between med tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑑= 11, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 20.5, 𝑝=0.00).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.475, 0.551, 0.82, 0.566], [0.12, 0.568, 0.82, 0.583], [0.12, 0.585, 0.82, 0.601], [0.12, 0.602, 0.151, 0.618]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 458, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This combined analysis has enabled us to identify overall trends and perform clearer comparisons between groups, thereby reinforcing the reliability of our fndings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.602, 0.822, 0.618], [0.12, 0.62, 0.411, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 459, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A similar pattern has emerged with the RCADS scores increasing for diferent levels of wellbeing (from low to high) across sessions (as seen in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.411, 0.62, 0.82, 0.635], [0.12, 0.637, 0.58, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 460, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3 (a)) or the overall population group as well as for all the sessions combined(Figure 3(b)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.58, 0.637, 0.82, 0.653], [0.119, 0.654, 0.414, 0.67]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 461, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since self-report responses and parent-report responses for the RCADS were collected before the experiment sessions, we have compared the responses of the RCADS across the three modes of test administration (self-report, parent-report and robot-report for session 1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.672, 0.822, 0.687], [0.119, 0.689, 0.82, 0.705], [0.12, 0.706, 0.303, 0.722]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 462, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from Figure 4, Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a Bonferroni correction applied, has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the self-report responses and the responses during session 1 with the robot for the high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓= 9, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑡= 26, 𝑝= 0.04).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.706, 0.822, 0.722], [0.12, 0.723, 0.82, 0.739], [0.12, 0.741, 0.576, 0.756]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 463, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Wilcoxon rank sum test with aBonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the parent-report responses and the responses during session 1 with the robot for the high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡= 8.5, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑡= 26, 𝑝= 0.04).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.576, 0.741, 0.82, 0.756], [0.12, 0.758, 0.82, 0.774], [0.12, 0.775, 0.797, 0.791]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 464, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Wehave not found any statistically signifcant diferences across the tertiles for the RCADS responses between session 1 for the remote study with the robot and the RCADS responses for our in-lab study [3, 4] for the overall population.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.797, 0.775, 0.82, 0.791], [0.12, 0.793, 0.82, 0.808], [0.12, 0.81, 0.807, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 465, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.089, 0.195, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 466, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.882, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 467, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.252, 0.143, 0.798, 0.352]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 469, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 4. RCADS responses (dependent variables) across session 1 for the diferent modes of test administration from all population groups categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high; independent variables) using the SMFQ responses. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.363, 0.882, 0.392]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 470, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In summary, our results show that across all three sessions, RCADS responses have been signifcantly higher in the high tertile than in the low tertile.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.413, 0.88, 0.428], [0.18, 0.43, 0.406, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 471, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "RCADS responses have also been signifcantly higher for the high tertile when comparing between modes of questionnaire administration (robot-report, self-report and parent-report).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.43, 0.88, 0.446], [0.18, 0.447, 0.803, 0.463]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 472, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.3The efect of the longitudinal interactions and co-location on user’s perception of the robot (RQ2).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.48, 0.865, 0.494]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 473, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen in Figure 5, Friedman’s test indicated a statistically signifcant diference in the robot anxiety measurementscores (dependent variable) for the overall population group belonging to the low tertile, across the three sessions (independent variable) 𝜒2(2) = 6.87, 𝑝= 0.032.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.5, 0.88, 0.516], [0.18, 0.517, 0.88, 0.533], [0.18, 0.535, 0.455, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 474, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests was conducted witha Bonferroni correction applied, resulting in statistical signifcance between the robot anxiety measurement responses for session 1 and session 3 (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛1 = 16, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛2 = 14, 𝑝= 0.041).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.455, 0.535, 0.88, 0.55], [0.18, 0.552, 0.88, 0.568], [0.18, 0.569, 0.623, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 475, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have observed (Figure 5 (c)) that out of40 participants (20 girls and 20 boys), most participants have either maintained or improved their perception of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.569, 0.88, 0.585], [0.18, 0.586, 0.88, 0.602], [0.18, 0.604, 0.215, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 476, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We defned improvement as an average increase in the self-reported ratings of the robot’s likeability, perceivedintelligence, and role as a confdante, and an average decrease in the response ratings for the robot anxiety measurement i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.215, 0.604, 0.88, 0.619], [0.18, 0.621, 0.88, 0.637], [0.18, 0.638, 0.197, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 477, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "the anxiety that the children attributed to the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.197, 0.638, 0.511, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 478, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We did not fnd any statistically signifcant diference in the responses to the perception questionnaires (robot as confdante, robot anxiety measurement and likeability and perceived intelligence of the robot) across the tertiles throughout any of the sessions (session 1, session 2, and session 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.656, 0.88, 0.671], [0.18, 0.673, 0.88, 0.689], [0.18, 0.69, 0.592, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 479, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, we have observed (Figure 5 (d)) that the Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 11.13, 𝑝= 0.004; 𝑝= 0.012, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the children’s perception of the robot as a confdante (dependent variable) across tertiles(independent variable) for all the sessions combined.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.592, 0.69, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.882, 0.723], [0.18, 0.725, 0.88, 0.74], [0.18, 0.742, 0.51, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 480, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with aBonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 33, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 37, 𝑝= 0.004).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.742, 0.88, 0.758], [0.18, 0.759, 0.88, 0.775], [0.18, 0.777, 0.419, 0.792]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 481, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Kruskal Wallis H test has also shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 8.82, 𝑝= 0.012;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.794, 0.81, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 482, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.024,Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the robot anxiety measurement (dependent variable) across tertiles (independent", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.81, 0.794, 0.882, 0.81], [0.18, 0.811, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 483, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.822, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 484, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A Longitudinal Study of Child Wellbeing Assessment via Online Interactions with a Social Robot", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.701, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 485, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(b) Children’s perception of robot as aconfidante (Session 1) - Girls vs Boys", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.507, 0.119, 0.698, 0.141]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 486, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Tertiles", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.344, 0.543, 0.393, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 487, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Tertiles", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.579, 0.545, 0.625, 0.559]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 488, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.237, 0.118, 0.71, 0.56]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 489, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 5. (a) Longitudinal changes in children’s anxiety measurement atributed to the robot across all population groups (overall, girlsand boys) categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high) using the SMFQ responses. (b) Gender-based variability in the role of the robot as a confidante in the remote study. (c) Total percentage of the population that had consistent or improved user perception. User perception changes across tertiles for all sessions combined for (d) perception of the robot as a confidante and (e) robot anxiety measurement. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.572, 0.823, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 490, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "variable) for all the sessions combined (Figure 5 (e)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.656, 0.45, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 491, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with aBonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 15, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 21, 𝑝= 0.012).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.45, 0.656, 0.82, 0.672], [0.12, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.362, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 492, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We did not fnd any statistical signifcance between tertiles for all sessionscombined in the case of children’s likeability of the robot and their perceived intelligence of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.362, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.731, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 493, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from Figure 6 (a), Wilcoxon rank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference for the robot anxiety measurement in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the med tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 18, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 24, 𝑝= 0.038).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.725, 0.82, 0.741], [0.12, 0.742, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.705, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 494, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Wilcoxonrank sum test (Figure 6 (b)) with a Bonferroni correction applied has also indicated a statistically signifcant diference for the perceived intelligence of the robot in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the medium tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 24, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 21, 𝑝= 0.045).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.705, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.82, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.628, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 495, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Wilcoxon rank sum test with a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.628, 0.812, 0.82, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 496, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.882, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 497, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.178, 0.089, 0.195, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 498, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Bonferroni correction applied has also indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the perceived intelligence of the robot in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the high tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 24, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 20.5, 𝑝= 0.045).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.461, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 499, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To sum up, our key fndings indicate that longitudinally, robot anxiety measurement has been seen to decrease for the overall population.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12200000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.341, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 500, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, the physical presence (remote vs. in-lab) of the robot does afect users’ anxietyattributed to the robot (robot anxiety increases for the low and med tertile but decreases for the high tertile) and the perceived intelligence of the robot (decreases across all tertiles).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12200000, "bbox": [[0.341, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.561, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 501, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12300000, "bbox": [[0.26, 0.25, 0.807, 0.671]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 503, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 6. User perception changes across the remote study and our in-lab study [1] categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high) using the SMFQ responses. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.681, 0.884, 0.709]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 504, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4.4 Gender-based diferences in the efectiveness of longitudinal wellbeing assessment and user perception (RQ3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.739, 0.199, 0.754], [0.213, 0.739, 0.826, 0.754], [0.213, 0.757, 0.332, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 505, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From our exploratory supplementary analyses, we have observed that in the case of girls (Figure 3 (a)), Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 10.64, 𝑝= 0.005;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.777, 0.88, 0.793], [0.18, 0.794, 0.636, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 506, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.020, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) inthe RCADS responses (dependent variable) for session 1 between the tertiles (independent variable).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.636, 0.794, 0.88, 0.81], [0.18, 0.812, 0.771, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 507, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.812, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 508, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.701, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 509, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.089, 0.82, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 510, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferencesbetween low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 28, 𝑝= 0.006) and between med tertile and high tertile(𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑑= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 28, 𝑝= 0.042).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.355, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 511, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Friedman’s test indicated a statistically signifcant diference (Figure 3(a)) in the RCADS scores (dependentvariable) for girls belonging to the high tertile, across the three sessions (independent variable) (𝜒2(2) = 11.14, 𝑝= 0.004;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.821, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 512, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "𝑝= 0.020, Holm-Bonferroni corrected).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.21, 0.363, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 513, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests was conducted with aBonferroni correction applied, resulting in statistical signifcance between the RCADS responses for session 1 and session 2 (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛1 = 28, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛2 = 11.5, 𝑝= 0.007).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.363, 0.21, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.472, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 514, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of boys, as seen in Figure 3 (a), Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 7.91, 𝑝= 0.019, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the RCADS responses (dependent variable) for session 1 betweenthe tertiles (independent variable).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12900000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.329, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 515, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correctionapplied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 9, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ=23, 𝑝= 0.016).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12900000, "bbox": [[0.329, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.202, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 516, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Kruskal Wallis H test has also shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 9.22, 𝑝= 0.010;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13000000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.345, 0.717, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 517, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.024, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the RCADS responses (dependent variable) for session 2 between the tertiles (independent variable).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13000000, "bbox": [[0.717, 0.345, 0.822, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.176, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 518, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicatedstatistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 8.5, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 20.5, 𝑝= 0.009).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.795, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 519, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We did not fnd any statistically signifcant diference longitudinally (between session 1, session 2, and session 3) between the RCADS responses for boys across all tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.486, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 520, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have also not observed any statistically signifcant diferences (Figure 4) between the modes of RCADS administration (robot report, self-report, and parent-report) across all the tertiles for girls.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.486, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.255, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 521, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of boys (Figure 4) Wilcoxon rank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the parent-report responses and the responses during session 1 with the robot for the high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡= 7, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑡= 23, 𝑝= 0.013).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.255, 0.466, 0.82, 0.481], [0.12, 0.483, 0.82, 0.499], [0.119, 0.5, 0.572, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 522, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, even in the case of girls and boys,we have not found any statistically signifcant diferences across the tertiles for the RCADS responses between session 1 for the remote study with the robot and the RCADS responses for our in-lab study presented in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.5, 0.822, 0.516], [0.119, 0.518, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.738, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 523, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also did not fnd any statistical signifcance while comparing user perception responses to the questionnaires for girls or boys, across the tertiles, throughout any of the sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.541, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 524, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, Wilcoxon rank sum test (Figure 5) has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the children’s perception of the robot as a confdantefor the high tertile between girls and boys (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙𝑠= 37, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑦𝑠= 33.5,𝑊= 67, 𝑝= 0.012; 𝑝= 0.030, Holm-Bonferroni corrected).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.541, 0.57, 0.821, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.82, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.822, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.256, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 525, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While considering user perception changes for girls (Figure 6(c)), Wilcoxon rank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference for the perception of the robot as a confdante in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the medium tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 37, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 31, 𝑝= 0.038).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.256, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.119, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.12, 0.656, 0.82, 0.672], [0.12, 0.673, 0.506, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 526, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, in the case of boys (Figure 6(d)), Wilcoxonrank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference for robot anxiety measurement in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the med tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 20, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 24, 𝑝= 0.048).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.506, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.82, 0.724], [0.12, 0.725, 0.43, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 527, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In summary, across genders, we have observed that the RCADS responses were signifcantly higher for the high tertile for both boys and girls in session 1 and only for boys in session 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.743, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.542, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 528, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also observed that RCADS responses to the robot were signifcantly more negative for boys as compared to their parent’s perception of their wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.542, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.774, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 529, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally,girls have a higher perception of the robot as their confdante as compared with boys and the physical presence of the robot does afect this perception.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.774, 0.777, 0.822, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.316, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 530, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13400000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 531, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13400000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 532, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5DISCUSSION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.121, 0.29, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 533, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The study explored the use of online robotised platform for the assessment of mental wellbeing of children where 40 children (20 girls and 20 boys, 8-13 years old) interacted with the Nao robot over Zoom or Skype for three sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.141, 0.88, 0.157], [0.18, 0.159, 0.854, 0.174]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 534, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our fndings indicate that online interactions with the robot can be used to efectively assess children’s wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.854, 0.159, 0.88, 0.174], [0.18, 0.176, 0.831, 0.192]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 535, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furtherchildren’s perception of the robot either improved or stayed consistent and gender diferences were also observed withgirls viewing the robot more positively as a confdante.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.831, 0.176, 0.879, 0.192], [0.18, 0.193, 0.88, 0.209], [0.18, 0.211, 0.509, 0.226]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 536, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from the construct validity analyses mentioned in Section 3.3, we employed a confrmatory PCA to explore the underlying structure of the SMFQ and the RCADS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.228, 0.88, 0.244], [0.18, 0.245, 0.515, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 537, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We found that both scales predominantly revolve around a single principal component, suggesting a consistent underlying factor in each questionnaire explaining high variance of childrens’ well being.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.245, 0.88, 0.261], [0.18, 0.263, 0.88, 0.278], [0.18, 0.28, 0.326, 0.295]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 538, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It is important to note that not all items in these questionnaires contributed equally to thisprimary factor.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.28, 0.88, 0.295], [0.18, 0.297, 0.272, 0.313]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 539, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, some items in both the SMFQ and RCADS did not signifcantly load onto the principal component, indicating that they might not align as closely with the core factor that these scales measure within CRI.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.272, 0.297, 0.88, 0.313], [0.18, 0.314, 0.868, 0.33]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 540, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It should be acknowledged that RCADS (as used in this study) is aimed at assessing the concepts of generalised anxiety, panic disorder, and low mood [see 26], thereby potentially afecting factor loadings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.868, 0.314, 0.88, 0.33], [0.18, 0.332, 0.882, 0.347], [0.18, 0.349, 0.679, 0.365]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 541, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Nevertheless, these results afrm the statistical efectiveness of these instruments in capturing the nuances of children’s mental health in these interactive settings during longitudinal CRI, showcasing the potential for integratingsocial robots in psychological assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.366, 0.88, 0.382], [0.18, 0.384, 0.88, 0.399], [0.18, 0.401, 0.44, 0.417]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 542, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similar to our previous results in single-session CRI [2], the comparison between robot-administered and self-reported RCADS reveals signifcant distinctions that emphasize the potential benefts of integrating robotic assistance into mental health assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.44, 0.401, 0.88, 0.417], [0.18, 0.418, 0.88, 0.434], [0.18, 0.436, 0.603, 0.451]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 543, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This outcome represents a statistical validation rather than a behavioural indication.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.603, 0.436, 0.88, 0.451], [0.18, 0.453, 0.397, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 544, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The analysis indicated that the robot-administered RCADS demonstrated a better ft in terms of construct validity, suggesting that interacting with a robot may facilitate disclosure of symptoms from children to assess their mental health in a statistically valid and reliable way.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.397, 0.453, 0.88, 0.468], [0.18, 0.47, 0.88, 0.486], [0.18, 0.487, 0.653, 0.503]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 545, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, in line with the literature, parents’ reports of RCADS also showed worse ft compared to the robot-administered version of RCADS, highlightingpotential bias in parents’ reporting of their children’s mental health symptoms [126] compared to their children’sreporting of it to robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.653, 0.487, 0.882, 0.503], [0.18, 0.505, 0.88, 0.52], [0.18, 0.522, 0.88, 0.538], [0.18, 0.539, 0.325, 0.555]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 546, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, we can infer that robot-administered questionnaires can be considered reliable (See Section 3.2.6) and valid (See Section 3.3) and as such can be utilised as credible ground truth for the evaluation of mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.325, 0.539, 0.88, 0.555], [0.18, 0.557, 0.88, 0.572], [0.179, 0.574, 0.309, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 547, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our results (Figure 3) also show that interacting with the robot online via Zoom or Skype has amplifed the diference between the wellbeing clusters, especially the low tertile and high tertile.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.591, 0.88, 0.607], [0.18, 0.608, 0.627, 0.624]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 548, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The efect is sustained over the course of three sessions as well as for all the sessions combined.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.627, 0.608, 0.88, 0.624], [0.18, 0.626, 0.516, 0.641]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 549, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also observed a decrease in the RCADS ratings for the overall population over the course of three sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.626, 0.88, 0.641], [0.18, 0.643, 0.484, 0.659]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 550, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This could be a result of the regression to mean phenomenon which is common in longitudinal studies [83] and indicates that extreme observations have a tendency to move closer to the average value upon subsequent measurements [12].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.484, 0.643, 0.88, 0.659], [0.18, 0.66, 0.88, 0.677], [0.18, 0.68, 0.479, 0.693]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 551, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The decrease in the RCADS ratings might also be attributed to the improvement in wellbeing stemming from the familiarity with a robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.479, 0.68, 0.88, 0.693], [0.18, 0.695, 0.61, 0.711]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 552, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Crossman et al [31] have demonstrated that interaction with a robot has increased the positive mood in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.61, 0.695, 0.88, 0.711], [0.18, 0.712, 0.593, 0.728]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 553, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Robots have also been used to alleviate anxiety during medical procedures [101].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.593, 0.712, 0.88, 0.728], [0.18, 0.73, 0.381, 0.745]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 554, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even in longitudinal HRI studies focussing on adult participants, interaction with robots has led to a decrease in stress levels [73, 103] and enhancement of participants’ mood [71].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.381, 0.73, 0.88, 0.745], [0.18, 0.747, 0.762, 0.762]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 555, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from our fndings (Figure 4), the robot-assisted mode of RCADS administration seems to be very efective in categorising the population across wellbeing clusters (especially low tertile and high tertile) as compared to traditional modes of self-reporting and parent-reporting of the children’s wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14000000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.764, 0.88, 0.78], [0.18, 0.781, 0.88, 0.797], [0.18, 0.799, 0.618, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 556, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This could potentially be due to what prior", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14000000, "bbox": [[0.618, 0.799, 0.88, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 557, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 558, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 559, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "studies have been reporting - i.e., that children consider robots as peers [63] and social companions [89] which could contribute to them being more candid about their emotions in front of a robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.584, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 560, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our fnding is in line with our previous work [3, 4] that also measured how wellbeing assessment of children difered across diferent modes of questionnaire administration, where the robot mode consisted of the children being physically co-located with the robot (i.e., a co-present robot).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.584, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.119, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.226, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 561, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With regard to whether co-location afects wellbeing assessment, our fndings suggest that there were no statistical diferences found across the tertiles while comparing our remote study with our in-lab study presented in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.79, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 562, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is in line with previous research which suggests that co-location does not necessarily improve the objective of the CRI experience.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.216, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 563, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Robinette et al [100] have demonstrated that there was minimal diference observed between the instruction-giving capabilities of a co-present robot, a remote robot and a virtual avatar robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.216, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.692, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 564, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is supported by Kennedy et al [59] who have shown that learning was not improved among children while interacting with the robot in person.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.692, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.164, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 565, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our study fndings indicate that forthcoming robot-assisted initiatives for the assessment of wellbeing can be efectively conducted online, thus providing a logistical advantage to children to open up about their feelings from a comfortable environment (RQ1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.317, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 566, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With regard to the longitudinal changes in children’s perception of the robot (RQ2), we have observed (Figure 5) thatmost participants have maintained or improved their perception of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.572, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 567, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is in line with the previous literature [28] where prolonged exposure to robots has improved the opinions of Kindergarten children about the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.759, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 568, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, as seen from Figure 6, some children (low and med tertile) were more anxious in front of a physical robot while some children (high tertile) were more anxious in front of the remote robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.759, 0.397, 0.822, 0.412], [0.12, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.548, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 569, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This individual variability in attitudes could be due to their past experiences with robots and/or technology in general.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.548, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.567, 0.464]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 570, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Prior research has indicated that people’sattitudes towards robots were governed by their prior knowledge about robots or even technology [105], with negative representation causing negative outlooks about robots [53].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.567, 0.448, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.82, 0.481], [0.12, 0.483, 0.48, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 571, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We can also observe that children’s overall longitudinalperception (i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.483, 0.82, 0.499], [0.12, 0.5, 0.208, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 572, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "combined for all sessions) of the robot as a confdante as well as their anxiety towards the robot for all sessions combined does difer across varying levels of wellbeing (Figure 5).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.208, 0.5, 0.82, 0.516], [0.12, 0.518, 0.567, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 573, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, from our previous work [1], we have observed that the wellbeing of the children is independent of their anxiety towards the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.567, 0.518, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.7, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 574, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This diference may arise from children’s varying perceptions of the robot that is physically present as compared to one that is remote, asobserved from our fndings (Figures 6).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.7, 0.535, 0.82, 0.551], [0.12, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.346, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 575, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, prolonged exposure to robots might also alter children’s perceptiontowards robots, potentially establishing a connection between their wellbeing and their attitude towards robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.346, 0.57, 0.82, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.787, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 576, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Prior research [97, 99, 117] has indicated possible links between emotional and behavioural concerns and prolonged use of digital technology such as electronic gaming and the internet.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.787, 0.587, 0.82, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.82, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.515, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 577, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, future online robot-assisted initiatives should consider participants’ outlooks, sentiments and existing/past emotional and behavioural concerns so that thetechnology can be utilised most efectively in the assessment of mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.12, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.12, 0.656, 0.678, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 578, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From our exploratory supplementary analyses regarding the efect of gender (RQ3) on the longitudinal robot-assisted evaluation of mental wellbeing of children, we have observed that the interaction with the online robot was able to efectively diferentiate between the high tertiles and low tertiles across boys and girls for session 1 and only for boys for session 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.82, 0.724], [0.12, 0.725, 0.2, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 579, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Strait et al [119] have observed that females respond favourably to changes in robot behaviour while males tend to prefer consistency.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.2, 0.725, 0.82, 0.741], [0.12, 0.743, 0.316, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 580, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our study, the experimental tasks used to evaluate wellbeing remained consistent across sessions, potentially leading to the statistically signifcant diferences in wellbeing clusters for boys and not girls in session 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.316, 0.743, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.191, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 581, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, the efectiveness of the online robot mode of test administration (compared with co-present robot, self-report and parent-report responses) appears to be consistent across genders.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.191, 0.777, 0.822, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.602, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 582, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, our study shows that the benefts of using online robot-assisted methods for assessing mental wellbeing hold true regardless of the participant’s", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.602, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.82, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 583, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.088, 0.881, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 584, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.195, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 585, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "gender.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.224, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 586, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, while the longitudinal perception of the online robot largely improved or remained consistent across genders, there was gender-related variability in how the robot was perceived as compared to our in-lab study presented in [1].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.224, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.28, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 587, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, while comparing the responses of girls in the remote study and responses of girls in our in-lab study [1], we observed a decrease in the robot’s perception as a confdante (Figure 6(c)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.28, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.763, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 588, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also observed apredominant increase in robot anxiety in boys (Figure 6(d)) between the remote study and our in-lab study presented in [1].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.763, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.2, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 589, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, when comparing responses to the perception of the role of the robot as a confdante of boys and girls in the remote study (Figure 5 (b)), we observed that girls had a higher opinion of the robot as compared to boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.18, 0.241, 0.853, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 590, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The gender-based diferences in user perception between the remote study and our in-lab study [1] could be attributed to the general diference in the attitudes across children with regard to technology [56].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.853, 0.241, 0.88, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.683, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 591, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, girls’ higher willingnessto confde and share their emotions with others as compared to boys [23, 94]) could also contribute to their higher perception of the robot as a confdante in the remote study as compared to boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.683, 0.276, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.652, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 592, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, in the design of future robot-led technologies for the assessment of mental wellbeing, it is crucial to take into account the diferences in children’sperceptions of the robot and their willingness to open up, to enable an environment where they feel comfortable expressing their feelings truthfully.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.652, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.345, 0.88, 0.36], [0.18, 0.362, 0.39, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 593, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, in order to efectively aid the psychological support teams, it is important to consider how frequently should robotised assessments be conducted to gain insights into the children’s mental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.379, 0.88, 0.395], [0.18, 0.397, 0.751, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 594, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As we observed fromour results in the remote study mentioned here and our in-lab study [3, 4], one-of sessions, as well as longitudinal interactions with the robots, can both be efectively useful in understanding the mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.751, 0.397, 0.88, 0.412], [0.18, 0.414, 0.88, 0.43], [0.18, 0.431, 0.827, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 595, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From an HRI perspective, users’ responses, perceptions and engagement with regard to longitudinal interactions can be variedand must be taken into account while designing interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.827, 0.431, 0.88, 0.447], [0.18, 0.448, 0.88, 0.464], [0.18, 0.466, 0.537, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 596, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, studies have shown that prolonged exposure to robots helps participants promote more self-disclosure [71] and enables them to develop more positive opinions of the robot[28].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.466, 0.88, 0.481], [0.18, 0.483, 0.88, 0.499], [0.18, 0.5, 0.263, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 597, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Studies have also shown that interaction with robots has resulted in improvement of mood as well as wellbeing of both children [31, 74] and adults [16, 71].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.263, 0.5, 0.88, 0.516], [0.179, 0.518, 0.502, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 598, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, robot-driven assessments might contribute to enhancing the wellbeing of the participants, potentially afecting follow-up assessments in a positive manner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.502, 0.518, 0.88, 0.533], [0.18, 0.535, 0.764, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 599, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, studies have also shown that repeated interactions with the robot may also cause diminished engagement [107] and reduced interest to participate from the users [75].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.764, 0.535, 0.88, 0.551], [0.18, 0.552, 0.88, 0.568], [0.18, 0.57, 0.433, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 600, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Previous research has addressed this issue by implementing variations in the interaction experience such as changes in session activities [27] or adapting robot behaviour to align with user preferences to promote more social engagement [6].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.433, 0.57, 0.88, 0.585], [0.18, 0.587, 0.88, 0.602], [0.18, 0.604, 0.492, 0.62]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 601, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the context of our study, there were several key factors that infuenced our methodology for using online-mediated interactions with social robots over other remote methods (such as chatbots, in-home robots or virtual animated characters of robots) that also aim to provide increased accessibility to the robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.621, 0.88, 0.637], [0.18, 0.639, 0.88, 0.654], [0.18, 0.656, 0.665, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 602, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Firstly, while chatbots have become increasingly popular in the mental health domain, often being used in mental health applications, they require some initiative from the participants [54].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.665, 0.656, 0.88, 0.672], [0.18, 0.673, 0.88, 0.689], [0.18, 0.691, 0.392, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 603, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This would be difcult to encourage in our study as the participants were children and could even lead to increased drop-out rates in the longitudinal study conducted here.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.392, 0.691, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.713, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 604, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Secondly, in the case of in-home robots, there is a logistical disadvantage in terms of accessibility to every child 8, present in diferent parts of the world in comparison with smart devices required for online-mediated robots that are more readily available in households 9.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14900000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.725, 0.882, 0.741], [0.18, 0.743, 0.88, 0.758], [0.18, 0.76, 0.413, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 605, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, there would be monetary costs associated with purchasing either on the researchers’ end or on the participants’, creating inconvenience for each party.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14900000, "bbox": [[0.413, 0.76, 0.88, 0.775], [0.18, 0.777, 0.672, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 606, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.805, 0.491, 0.828]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 607, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 608, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 609, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Thirdly, in the case of virtual animated robot characters, prior research[77] has suggested that they do not ofer any notable advantage over online-mediated interaction with robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.499, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 610, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Li et al [77] have indicated that physical presence and not the physical embodiment of the robots have been shown to positively afect user responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.499, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.698, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 611, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They demonstrated that co-present robots (present in the same room as the participants) have been shown to favourably infuence users’behaviour and preference in comparison with virtual (animated character of robots) or telepresent/online (physical robots present on a camera feed).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.698, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.822, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.82, 0.205], [0.12, 0.206, 0.328, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 612, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, Laban et al [71–73] have shown that online-mediated interactionswith robots (Pepper robot in their case) using videoconferencing platforms like Zoom have been shown to improve self-disclosure and mood of the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.328, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.119, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.39, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 613, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This fnding aligns well with the familiarity and comfort that children developed with online platforms like Zoom and Skype over the Covid-19 pandemic, thus facilitating a more convenient and accessible interaction environment10.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.39, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.375, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 614, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, we also wanted to make valid comparisons with our previous works conducted in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.375, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.119, 0.293, 0.273, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 615, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, we followed the experimental protocol conducted in [1, 3, 4] and only modifed the mode of interaction from in-person to online.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.273, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.386, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 616, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using a virtual robot (or agent) would have changed the robot’s form andappearance to an animated character making it difcult to ascertain if any changes in fndings were due to the mode of the interaction (in-person vs. online) or the robot’s form (virtual animated character or the actual physical robot).Spitale et al [114] have shown that in HRI for wellbeing studies changing robot form leads to signifcant changes in user perception and interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.386, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.822, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.311, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 617, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To this end, we employed robots that interacted with the participants through Zoom or Skype, to explore how they afect the assessment of mental wellbeing in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.311, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.64, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 618, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In short, the aforementioned factors such as participants’ engagement, logistical accessibility, familiarity with online platforms and most importantly,methodological consistency to make valid comparisons with previous works [1, 3, 4] infuenced our approach to use online-mdeiated interactions with robots for the assessment of mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.64, 0.397, 0.82, 0.412], [0.12, 0.414, 0.822, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.673, 0.464]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 619, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Following the results of this study, and considering the future vision of integrating social robots into supporting mental health assessment, we propose a customised approach for a robot-led mental wellbeing assessments rather than a one-size-fts-all model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.466, 0.82, 0.481], [0.12, 0.483, 0.82, 0.499], [0.12, 0.5, 0.268, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 620, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, the frequency of the evaluations should be decided in line with current guidelines 11 that determine the severity of the conditions and the care provided.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.268, 0.5, 0.82, 0.516], [0.12, 0.516, 0.552, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 621, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen in Figure 1 (b), robots’ multimodalsensing capabilities can be utilised to sense and identify potential wellbeing concerns in children through verbal and non-verbal cues.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.552, 0.516, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.82, 0.551], [0.12, 0.552, 0.221, 0.568]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 622, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Child mental health practitioners can then review the observations collected by robots and make informed decisions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.221, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.234, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 623, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach provides genuine data and insights that enhance and support clinical decision-making, rather than merely guiding it.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.234, 0.57, 0.822, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.297, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 624, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, robots can also be programmed with \"memory\" abilities to learn from prior assessments for a particular child and focus on areas that might warrant further investigation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.297, 0.587, 0.82, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.681, 0.62]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 625, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Robotised assessments can harness the time efciency of ecological momentary assessment and intervention programs like Artemis-A 12 which utilise computerised adaptive testing to signifcantly reduce the duration of follow-up assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.681, 0.604, 0.82, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.12, 0.639, 0.694, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 626, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This can alleviate the workload and pressure on existing psychological resources that rely solely on the verbal and written responses provided by children [67].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.694, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.119, 0.656, 0.82, 0.672], [0.12, 0.673, 0.218, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 627, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, robotised assessments can be used as valuable tools to (I) help children become more candid with their responses, (II) fag cases that should receive further attention from child mental health practitioners, (III) provide genuine data of verbal and non-verbal cues from authentic interactions that can support clinical decision making, and (IV) carry out time-efcient follow up assessments if needed, to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the children’s mental wellbeing over time and in ecological settings (e.g., public spaces, local General Practitioner’ssurgery and schools).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.218, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.119, 0.691, 0.821, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.822, 0.724], [0.12, 0.725, 0.82, 0.741], [0.12, 0.743, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.246, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 628, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We aspire for robot-led assessments to serve as useful tools supporting the work of child mental", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.246, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 629, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "11https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/social-care-and-your-rights/mental-health-assessments/ 10https://www.zoom.com/en/blog/how-zoom-supported-young-people-in-uk-during-pandemic/ 12https://www.artemis-a.org/", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.802, 0.554, 0.815], [0.12, 0.791, 0.565, 0.804], [0.12, 0.812, 0.256, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 630, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15400000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 631, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.09, 0.193, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 632, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "health practitioners in diagnosing and creating treatment plans that monitor changes in the mental wellbeing of future generations in an ethical and responsible way.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.456, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 633, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, the use of adaptive robot behaviour in the context of mental well-being and HRI presents signifcant potential for enhancing personalised interactions, particularly through the integration of large language models (LLMs) [60, 129] and afective capabilities such as afect recognition from facial and vocal expressions, as well as behavioural cues [115, 116].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.242, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 634, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By dynamically adjusting the robot’s responses based on users’ afective and psychological states, theseadaptive systems can foster greater engagement, rapport, and deeper self-disclosure [68].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.242, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.708, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 635, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, to ensure accurate mental health assessments, these interactions should adhere to standard practices by following a structured, validated, and well-established assessment frameworks [2].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.708, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.18, 0.241, 0.882, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.473, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 636, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Hence, certain aspects of interaction need to remain structured and consistent in order to adhere to established protocols of wellbeing assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.473, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.644, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 637, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, the RCADS and the SMFQ need to be conducted in accordance with standardised guidelines to maintain the validity and reliability of the fndings [9, 25, 108].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.644, 0.276, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.249, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 638, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The questionnaire statements could not be modifed as doing so would compromise the validity of the psychological test under consideration [118].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.447, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 639, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, this highlights the need to balance fexibility with adherence to established protocols so as to ensure desired, valid and reliable outcomes [2].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.447, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.345, 0.639, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 640, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently, the current adaptive approaches may not be particularly suitable for mental health assessments [see 11, \"(R4) Verbal adaptation should be limited to preserve well-being practice efcacy\"], especially with children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.362, 0.88, 0.378], [0.18, 0.379, 0.819, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 641, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, despite the potential benefts of afective technologies to quality of interaction, there are critical ethical concerns related to privacy, data security, and the handling of sensitive emotional information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.819, 0.379, 0.882, 0.395], [0.18, 0.397, 0.88, 0.412], [0.18, 0.414, 0.662, 0.43]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 642, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These adaptive capabilities rely on processing and sharing large amounts of personal data with third parties, raising concerns about the transparency of the algorithms and the potential for biased or inappropriate responses, especially in vulnerable populations like children [65, 68].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.662, 0.414, 0.88, 0.43], [0.18, 0.431, 0.88, 0.447], [0.18, 0.448, 0.88, 0.464], [0.18, 0.466, 0.282, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 643, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, there are concerns regarding the potential for LLMs to inadvertently reinforce biases or generate inappropriate responses, which could be particularly harmful in sensitive mental health contexts [115].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.282, 0.466, 0.88, 0.481], [0.18, 0.483, 0.882, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 644, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, if the model produces responses misaligned with a child’s developmental needs or misinterprets theemotional nuances of a situation, it could negatively afect the child’s well-being [64].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.5, 0.88, 0.516], [0.18, 0.518, 0.706, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 645, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The opaque nature of LLMsfurther complicates eforts to fully ensure the safety and appropriateness of these interactions, emphasising the need for real-time oversight and intervention [49, 78].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.706, 0.518, 0.88, 0.533], [0.18, 0.535, 0.88, 0.551], [0.18, 0.552, 0.472, 0.568]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 646, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, while adaptive LLM-driven behaviour holds promise for improving mental well-being outcomes in HRI, it is imperative to rigorously test for biases, ensure transparent data handling, and implement safeguards to prevent unintended consequences [e.g., see 120].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.472, 0.552, 0.88, 0.568], [0.18, 0.57, 0.88, 0.585], [0.18, 0.587, 0.705, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 647, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Future work should focus on refning these adaptive and afective capabilities to prioritise both the psychological benefts for users and the ethical management of their data, ensuring trust and safety in long-term HRI applications.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.705, 0.587, 0.88, 0.602], [0.18, 0.604, 0.88, 0.62], [0.18, 0.621, 0.676, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 648, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This calls for a further essential discussion addressing the ethical concerns surrounding the use of social robots in mental wellbeing assessments, particularly regarding trust, confdentiality, and managing children’s expectationsof privacy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.639, 0.88, 0.654], [0.18, 0.656, 0.88, 0.672], [0.18, 0.673, 0.244, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 649, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While social robots can foster trust and encourage self-disclosure due to their non-judgmental presence, it is crucial to communicate the limits of confdentiality clearly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.244, 0.673, 0.882, 0.689], [0.18, 0.691, 0.566, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 650, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children and their guardians must understand that disclosures related to safety concerns may need to be shared with trusted adults, in line with safeguarding protocols.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.566, 0.691, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.862, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 651, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To balance trust with safeguarding duties, a tiered privacy management strategy could be implemented, ensuring that disclosures involving harm are escalated appropriately [36].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.862, 0.708, 0.88, 0.724], [0.18, 0.725, 0.88, 0.741], [0.18, 0.743, 0.54, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 652, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furthermore, while robots may facilitate openness, they should serve as complementary tools, not substitutes for human caregivers, ensuring emotional support remains part of a broader care framework [68].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.54, 0.743, 0.88, 0.758], [0.18, 0.76, 0.88, 0.775], [0.18, 0.777, 0.368, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 653, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These ethical considerations deserve their own dedicated discussions, which we are currently exploring through parallel ongoing research [76].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.777, 0.88, 0.793], [0.18, 0.794, 0.542, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 654, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A key fnding from our interviews with subject matter experts as mentioned in [76] is that, while robots should not make judgement calls, they can be a valuable addition to", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.542, 0.794, 0.88, 0.81], [0.18, 0.812, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 655, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 656, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 657, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "the children’s safeguarding team.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.319, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 658, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, there is a clear need for interdisciplinary dialogue to thoughtfully informpolicy and legal frameworks that defne the appropriate roles of robots in children’s lives, particularly in intimate andpersonal settings [76].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.252, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 659, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.186, 0.385, 0.2]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 660, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Although we have addressed the research questions defned at the outset of our work, our study has several limitations that we hope to address in the future.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16000000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.344, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 661, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "First, we have only considered verbal responses from two tasks of the study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.241, 0.593, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 662, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Future work will also focus on verbal responses from other tasks (e.g., Task 1: recall of happy and sad memories, Task 3: picture-based task), children’s drawings,and non-verbal responses (e.g., facial expressions, speech), enabling automatic multimodal robot-led assessment of children’s mental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.593, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.822, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.294, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 663, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Second, our research is a feasibility study conducted on a non-clinical population todetermine whether and how SARs can be used as novel tools to contribute to the holistic understanding of mental health status.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.294, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.159, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 664, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In future, we do hope to conduct case-controlled designs in clinical settings with clinical populations through clinician-administered measures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.159, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.32, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 665, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Third, we have not taken into consideration whether/how the varying ethnicities of the children might infuence the robotised wellbeing assessment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.345, 0.82, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.538, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 666, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In future, we aim to investigate how cultural diferences might afect the robot-led wellbeing assessment of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.546, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 667, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Fourth, we have not considered whether the children’s past experiences with robots might afect their interactionIn future, we aim to investigate how their attitudes towards robots due to their prior experiences might infuence their experience of the robotised wellbeing assessment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.397, 0.819, 0.412], [0.12, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.463, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 668, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Fifth, we have not taken into account wellbeing changes between online form-flling and the experiment sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.463, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.465, 0.464]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 669, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In future, we aim to conduct self-report and parent-report questionnaires concurrently with the robot interaction session to avoid any potential fuctuations in mental wellbeing reporting.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.465, 0.448, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.82, 0.481], [0.12, 0.483, 0.18, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 670, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Sixth, the time frame of the longitudinal interactions has been kept relatively focused to 3-6 weeks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.5, 0.715, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 671, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While this period allowed us to capture meaningful trends in children’s wellbeing assessments and perceptions of the robot, extendingthe study over a longer duration could ofer additional insights into the sustained dynamics of CRI [75].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.715, 0.5, 0.82, 0.516], [0.12, 0.518, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.732, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 672, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A longer-term study would help to further explore how children’s engagement with the robot evolves over time, especially regardingthe potential novelty efect [112].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.732, 0.535, 0.82, 0.551], [0.12, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.322, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 673, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Such a study could determine whether the robot continues to maintain children’sinterest and provides sustained benefts, or if engagement declines after additional repeated interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.57, 0.82, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.739, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 674, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Nevertheless, the fndings of this study provide an important benchmark, demonstrating that over the 3–6 week period, children’sperceptions of the robot either remained stable or improved, suggesting that the novelty efect did not negatively infuence engagement within this timeframe.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.739, 0.587, 0.822, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.82, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.12, 0.639, 0.389, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 675, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Future research should seek to replicate and build upon these results by extending interactions to further assess the long-term potential of social robots in child wellbeing assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.389, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.12, 0.656, 0.783, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 676, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, while our study utilized the Nao robot, a widely recognized humanoid platform in HRI [8], it is important to consider that diferent embodiments of robots may lead to variations in children’s interactions and responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.787, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 677, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Priorresearch has demonstrated that robot embodiment can signifcantly infuence factors such as trust, engagement, and self-disclosure [e.g., 69, 114], potentially afecting wellbeing assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.787, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.82, 0.724], [0.12, 0.725, 0.558, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 678, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While we expect that results would remain consistent with other humanoid robots that support verbal interaction [30, 124], future research should explore how other embodiments (e.g., more machine-like designs, or animated virtual humans) might evoke diferent emotional responses or alter children’s perceptions of robots as confdants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.558, 0.725, 0.82, 0.741], [0.12, 0.743, 0.821, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.497, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 679, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Expanding this research to include robots with diverseembodiments will help clarify the generalizability of these fndings across various robotic platforms and better inform the role of embodiment in robot-mediated mental health assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.497, 0.777, 0.82, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.537, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 680, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16500000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 681, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16500000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 682, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Despite the aforementioned limitations, we hope that the fndings from this work can provide a valuable stepping stone for future robot-led initiatives for mental wellbeing assessment of children, that are more accessible and take into account children’s propensity and attitude.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.436, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 683, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "7CONCLUSIONS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.19, 0.308, 0.204]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 684, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Our work has unveiled compelling insights into longitudinally assessing children’s mental wellbeing through onlineinteractions with a robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.21, 0.88, 0.226], [0.18, 0.227, 0.338, 0.243]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 685, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We hope that robots can form a valuable addition to the mental wellbeing assessment procedure of children, to aid clinicians and psychologists in identifying cases with potential mental wellbeing concerns so that necessary clinical intervention can be provided in a timely manner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.338, 0.227, 0.88, 0.243], [0.18, 0.245, 0.88, 0.26], [0.18, 0.262, 0.647, 0.278]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 686, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our study demonstrated that remote robotised wellbeing assessment platforms can efectively gauge children’s wellbeing longitudinally.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.647, 0.262, 0.88, 0.278], [0.18, 0.279, 0.775, 0.295]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 687, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furthermore, theuser perception of these robot-mediated wellbeing assessment platforms has been sustained or in many instances improved over time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.775, 0.279, 0.88, 0.295], [0.18, 0.297, 0.88, 0.312], [0.18, 0.314, 0.298, 0.329]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 688, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, our exploratory analyses revealed gender-related variability, thus indicating important considerations for developing personalised interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.298, 0.314, 0.88, 0.329], [0.18, 0.331, 0.514, 0.347]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 689, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, incorporating remote robotised platforms in mental wellbeing assessment frameworks ofers valuable potential to improve accessibility and support the mental health of the future generation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.514, 0.331, 0.88, 0.347], [0.179, 0.348, 0.88, 0.364], [0.18, 0.366, 0.311, 0.381]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 690, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16900000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.401, 0.338, 0.415]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 691, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "N. I. Abbasi is supported by the W.D.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.421, 0.403, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 692, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Armstrong Trust PhD Studentship and the Cambridge Trusts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.403, 0.421, 0.781, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 693, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "G. Laban and H. Gunes are supported by the EPSRC project ARoEQ under grant ref.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.781, 0.421, 0.882, 0.437], [0.18, 0.439, 0.585, 0.454]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 694, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "EP/R030782/1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.585, 0.439, 0.675, 0.454]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 695, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "T. Ford and P. Jones acknowledge support from the NIHR ARC East of England and the Cambridge BRC.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.675, 0.439, 0.88, 0.454], [0.18, 0.456, 0.593, 0.472]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 696, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The equipment used in the study was supported by the University of Cambridge’s Observatory for Human Machine Collaboration (OHMC) Small Equipment Funding.The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.593, 0.456, 0.88, 0.472], [0.18, 0.473, 0.882, 0.489], [0.18, 0.49, 0.88, 0.506], [0.18, 0.508, 0.25, 0.523]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 697, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The authors would also like to thank Miss Amina Itrat Abbasi for her help with the experimental setup.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.25, 0.508, 0.873, 0.523]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 698, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "OPEN ACCESS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.543, 0.279, 0.558]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 699, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.563, 0.88, 0.579], [0.179, 0.581, 0.449, 0.596]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 700, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "DATA ACCESS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.616, 0.277, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 701, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Overall statistical analysis of research data underpinning this publication is available in the text of this publication.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.636, 0.882, 0.652]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 702, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Additional raw data related to this publication cannot be openly released; the raw data contains transcripts of interviews, but none of the interviewees consented to data sharing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17100000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.654, 0.882, 0.669], [0.18, 0.671, 0.512, 0.687]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 703, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "REFERENCES", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.706, 0.272, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 704, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[1] Nida Abbasi, Micol Spitale, Joanna Anderson, Tamsin Ford, Peter Jones, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.191, 0.725, 0.631, 0.737]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 705, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.631, 0.725, 0.657, 0.737]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 706, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Humanoid Robots for Wellbeing Assessment in Children: How Does Anxiety towards the Robot Afect Perceptions of Robot Role, Behaviour and Capabilities?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.657, 0.725, 0.88, 0.737], [0.212, 0.737, 0.725, 0.749]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 707, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(2023).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.725, 0.737, 0.76, 0.749]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 708, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[2] Nida Itrat Abbasi, Guy Laban, Tamsin Ford, Peter B. Jones, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.191, 0.75, 0.57, 0.762]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 709, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.57, 0.75, 0.597, 0.762]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 710, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Robotising Psychometrics: Validating Wellbeing Assessment Tools in Child-Robot Interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.597, 0.75, 0.88, 0.762], [0.212, 0.762, 0.367, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 711, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (ROMAN) (Pasadena, CA).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.367, 0.762, 0.881, 0.775], [0.212, 0.775, 0.233, 0.787]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 712, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 1651–1658.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.233, 0.775, 0.315, 0.787]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 713, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1109/RO-MAN60168.2024.10731253", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.315, 0.775, 0.572, 0.787]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 714, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[3] Nida Itrat Abbasi, Micol Spitale, Joanna Anderson, Tamsin Ford, Peter B Jones, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.191, 0.788, 0.653, 0.8]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 715, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.653, 0.788, 0.679, 0.8]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 716, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Can robots help in the evaluation of mental wellbeing in children?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.679, 0.788, 0.88, 0.8], [0.212, 0.8, 0.316, 0.812]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 717, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "an empirical study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.316, 0.8, 0.407, 0.812]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 718, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.407, 0.8, 0.882, 0.812]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 719, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 1459–1466.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.212, 0.813, 0.291, 0.825]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 720, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.121, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 721, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 722, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[4] Nida Itrat Abbasi, Micol Spitale, Joanna Anderson, Tamsin Ford, Peter B Jones, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.131, 0.123, 0.611, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 723, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.611, 0.123, 0.638, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 724, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Analysing Children’s Responses fromMultiple Modalities During Robot-Assisted Assessment of Mental Wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.638, 0.123, 0.82, 0.135], [0.152, 0.135, 0.509, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 725, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Social Robotics (2024), 1–48.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.509, 0.135, 0.751, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 726, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[5] Maha Abdelmohsen and Yasmine Arafa.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.131, 0.148, 0.344, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 727, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.344, 0.148, 0.371, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 728, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Virtual Social Robot Enhances the Social Skills of Children with HFA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.371, 0.148, 0.71, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 729, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Social Robotics: 13th International Conference, ICSR 2021, Singapore, Singapore, November 10–13, 2021, Proceedings 13.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.71, 0.148, 0.82, 0.16], [0.152, 0.162, 0.592, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 730, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Springer, 497–508.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.592, 0.162, 0.68, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 731, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[6] Muneeb Imtiaz Ahmad, Omar Mubin, and Joanne Orlando.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.131, 0.173, 0.43, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 732, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2017.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.43, 0.173, 0.458, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 733, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Adaptive Social Robot for Sustaining Social Engagement during Long-Term Children–Robot Interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.458, 0.173, 0.82, 0.185], [0.152, 0.186, 0.28, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 734, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 33 (12 2017), 943–962.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.28, 0.186, 0.625, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 735, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1300750 [7] Mikel Aickin and Helen Gensler.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.625, 0.186, 0.822, 0.198], [0.152, 0.198, 0.213, 0.21], [0.131, 0.211, 0.301, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 736, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2011.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.301, 0.211, 0.327, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 737, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Adjusting for multiple testing when reporting research results: the Bonferroni vs Holm methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.327, 0.211, 0.773, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 738, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "American Journal of Public Health 86 (10 2011), 726–728.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.773, 0.211, 0.82, 0.223], [0.152, 0.225, 0.365, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 739, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.5.726[8] Aida Amirova, Nazerke Rakhymbayeva, Elmira Yadollahi, Anara Sandygulova, and Wafa Johal.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.365, 0.225, 0.583, 0.235], [0.131, 0.236, 0.581, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 740, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.581, 0.236, 0.607, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 741, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "10 Years of Human-NAO Interaction Research: A Scoping Review.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.607, 0.236, 0.821, 0.248], [0.152, 0.248, 0.238, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 742, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in Robotics and AI 8 (11 2021), 744526. https://doi.org/10.3389/FROBT.2021.744526/BIBTEX [9] Adrian Angold, Elizabeth J Costello, Stephen C Messer, and Andrew Pickles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.238, 0.248, 0.709, 0.261], [0.131, 0.261, 0.498, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 743, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1995.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.498, 0.261, 0.524, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 744, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.524, 0.261, 0.82, 0.273], [0.152, 0.274, 0.382, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 745, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International journal of methods in psychiatric research (1995).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.274, 0.669, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 746, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[10] Bojana Arsić, Anja Gajić, Sara Vidojković, Dragana Maćešić-Petrović, Aleksandra Bašić, and Ružica Zdravković Parezanović.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.286, 0.722, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 747, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.722, 0.286, 0.748, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 748, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The use of naorobots in teaching children with autism.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.748, 0.286, 0.82, 0.298], [0.152, 0.299, 0.338, 0.311]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 749, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "European Journal of Alternative Education Studies 7, 1 (2022).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.338, 0.299, 0.623, 0.311]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 750, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[11] Minja Axelsson, Micol Spitale, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.311, 0.388, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 751, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.388, 0.311, 0.415, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 752, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Robots as Mental Well-being Coaches: Design and Ethical Recommendations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.415, 0.311, 0.79, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 753, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 13 (6 2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.311, 0.82, 0.324], [0.152, 0.326, 0.389, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 754, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1145/3643457/ASSET/EBE92B19-CC4D-4F8C-88F8-8BABC7886953/ ASSETS/GRAPHIC/THRI-2022-0075-PAGE50.JPG [12] Adrian G Barnett, Jolieke C Van Der Pols, and Annette J Dobson.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.389, 0.326, 0.821, 0.336], [0.152, 0.337, 0.384, 0.349], [0.125, 0.349, 0.454, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 755, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2005.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.454, 0.349, 0.481, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 756, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Regression to the mean: what it is and how to deal with it.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.481, 0.349, 0.757, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 757, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International journal of epidemiology 34, 1 (2005), 215–220.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.757, 0.349, 0.82, 0.362], [0.152, 0.364, 0.36, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 758, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[13] Christoph Bartneck, Dana Kulić, Elizabeth Croft, and Susana Zoghbi.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.374, 0.483, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 759, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2009.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.483, 0.374, 0.511, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 760, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Measurement instruments for the anthropomorphism, animacy,likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety of robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.511, 0.374, 0.821, 0.386], [0.152, 0.387, 0.453, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 761, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International journal of social robotics 1 (2009), 71–81.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.453, 0.387, 0.703, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 762, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[14] Leopold Bellak and Sonya S Bellak.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.399, 0.315, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 763, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1949.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.315, 0.399, 0.342, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 764, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Children’s Apperception Test.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.342, 0.399, 0.485, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 765, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(1949).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.485, 0.399, 0.52, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 766, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[15] Cindy L Bethel, Zachary Henkel, Kristen Stives, David C May, Deborah K Eakin, Melinda Pilkinton, Alexis Jones, and Megan Stubbs-Richardson 2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.412, 0.819, 0.424], [0.152, 0.425, 0.175, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 767, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Using robots to interview children about bullying: Lessons learned from an exploratory study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.425, 0.61, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 768, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.61, 0.425, 0.82, 0.437], [0.152, 0.439, 0.415, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 769, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 712–717.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.415, 0.439, 0.486, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 770, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[16] Indu P Bodala, Nikhil Churamani, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.45, 0.399, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 771, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.399, 0.45, 0.426, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 772, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Teleoperated robot coaching for mindfulness training: A longitudinal study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.45, 0.784, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 773, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.784, 0.45, 0.82, 0.462], [0.152, 0.464, 0.58, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 774, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 939–944.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.58, 0.464, 0.651, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 775, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[17] Paul Bremner, Oya Celiktutan, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.475, 0.379, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 776, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.379, 0.475, 0.405, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 777, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Personality perception of robot avatar tele-operators.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.405, 0.475, 0.652, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 778, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.652, 0.475, 0.82, 0.488], [0.152, 0.49, 0.363, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 779, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 141–148.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.363, 0.49, 0.434, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 780, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[18] Anne-Marie Burn, Tamsin J Ford, Jan Stochl, Peter B Jones, Jesus Perez, and Joanna K Anderson.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.5, 0.609, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 781, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.609, 0.5, 0.636, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 782, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Developing a web-based app to assess mental health difculties in secondary school pupils: qualitative user-centered design study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.636, 0.5, 0.82, 0.512], [0.152, 0.513, 0.579, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 783, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "JMIR Formative Research 6, 1 (2022), e30565.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.579, 0.513, 0.786, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 784, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[19] Natalia Calvo-Barajas and Ginevra Castellano.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.525, 0.366, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 785, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.366, 0.525, 0.393, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 786, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Understanding Children’s Trust Development through Repeated Interactions with a VirtualSocial Robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.525, 0.82, 0.537], [0.152, 0.538, 0.213, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 787, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.538, 0.686, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 788, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 1451–1458.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.686, 0.538, 0.768, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 789, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[20] Timothy CH Campbell, Andrea Reupert, Keith Sutton, Soumya Basu, Gavin Davidson, Christel M Middeldorp, Michael Naughton, and Darryl Maybery.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.55, 0.82, 0.563], [0.152, 0.563, 0.196, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 790, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.563, 0.223, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 791, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Prevalence of mental illness among parents of children receiving treatment within child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): a scoping review.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.223, 0.563, 0.82, 0.575], [0.152, 0.576, 0.283, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 792, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30 (2021), 997–1012.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.576, 0.566, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 793, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[21] Sandra Cano, Carina S. González, Rosa María Gil-Iranzo, and Sergio Albiol-Pérez.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.588, 0.533, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 794, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.533, 0.588, 0.559, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 795, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Afective Communication for Socially Assistive Robots(SARs) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.559, 0.588, 0.82, 0.6], [0.152, 0.601, 0.5, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 796, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Sensors 21, 15 (2021).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.5, 0.601, 0.6, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 797, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155166 [22] Matti Cervin, Alejandro Veas, José A Piqueras, and Agustín E Martínez-González.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.6, 0.601, 0.763, 0.613], [0.125, 0.613, 0.526, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 798, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.526, 0.613, 0.552, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 799, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A multi-group confrmatory factor analysis of the revisedchildren’s anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in Spain, Chile and Sweden.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.552, 0.613, 0.82, 0.625], [0.152, 0.626, 0.511, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 800, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of Afective Disorders 310 (2022), 228–234.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.511, 0.626, 0.744, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 801, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[23] Anita Chandra and Cynthia S Minkovitz.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.638, 0.339, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 802, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2006.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.339, 0.638, 0.365, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 803, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Stigma starts early: Gender diferences in teen willingness to use mental health services.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.365, 0.638, 0.771, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 804, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of adolescent health 38, 6 (2006), 754–e1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.638, 0.82, 0.651], [0.152, 0.653, 0.325, 0.663]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 805, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[24] Mina Choi and Hyesun Choung.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.664, 0.311, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 806, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.Mediated communication matters during the COVID-19 pandemic: The use of interpersonal and masspersonal media and psychological well-being:.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.311, 0.664, 0.82, 0.676], [0.152, 0.676, 0.387, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 807, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38 (7 2021), 2397–2418.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.387, 0.676, 0.696, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 808, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211029378 [25] Bruce F Chorpita, C Ebesutani, and SH Spence.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.696, 0.676, 0.822, 0.688], [0.152, 0.689, 0.267, 0.701], [0.125, 0.701, 0.37, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 809, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2015.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.37, 0.701, 0.397, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 810, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Revised children’s anxiety and depression scale.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.397, 0.701, 0.623, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 811, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Hämtad från (2015).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.701, 0.719, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 812, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[26] Bruce F Chorpita and et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.714, 0.28, 0.727]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 813, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2005.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.28, 0.714, 0.307, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 814, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.307, 0.714, 0.768, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 815, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Behaviour research and therapy 43, 3 (2005), 309–322.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.768, 0.714, 0.82, 0.727], [0.152, 0.729, 0.348, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 816, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[27] Alexandre Coninx, Paul Baxter, Elettra Oleari, Sara Bellini, Bert Bierman, O Henkemans, Lola Cañamero, Piero Cosi, Valentin Enescu, R Espinoza,et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.739, 0.821, 0.751], [0.152, 0.752, 0.175, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 817, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.752, 0.202, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 818, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Towards long-term social child-robot interaction: using multi-activity switching to engage young users.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.202, 0.752, 0.701, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 819, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of Human-Robot Interaction (2016).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.701, 0.752, 0.82, 0.764], [0.152, 0.766, 0.234, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 820, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[28] Daniela Conti, Santo Di Nuovo, and Alessandro Di Nuovo.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.777, 0.417, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 821, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.417, 0.777, 0.443, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 822, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Kindergarten children attitude towards humanoid robots: What is the efect of the frst experience?.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.443, 0.777, 0.82, 0.789], [0.152, 0.789, 0.231, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 823, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.231, 0.789, 0.615, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 824, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 630–631.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.615, 0.789, 0.686, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 825, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[29] Patrick W. Corrigan, Benjamin G. Druss, and Deborah A. Perlick.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.802, 0.447, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 826, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2014.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.447, 0.802, 0.473, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 827, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma on Seeking and Participating in Mental Health Care.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.473, 0.802, 0.82, 0.814], [0.152, 0.815, 0.211, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 828, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Psychological Science in the Public Interest 15 (9 2014), 37–70.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.211, 0.815, 0.494, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 829, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100614531398", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.815, 0.731, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 830, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 831, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.091, 0.194, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 832, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[30] Emily S. Cross and Richard Ramsey.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.123, 0.375, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 833, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.375, 0.123, 0.401, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 834, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Mind Meets Machine: Towards a Cognitive Science of Human–Machine Interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.401, 0.123, 0.79, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 835, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Trends in CognitiveSciences 25 (3 2021), 200–212.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.123, 0.88, 0.135], [0.212, 0.137, 0.347, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 836, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TICS.2020.11.009[31] Molly K Crossman, Alan E Kazdin, and Elizabeth R Kitt.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.347, 0.137, 0.584, 0.147], [0.185, 0.148, 0.468, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 837, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2018.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.468, 0.148, 0.494, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 838, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The infuence of a socially assistive robot on mood, anxiety, and arousal in children Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 49, 1 (2018), 48.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.148, 0.879, 0.16], [0.212, 0.162, 0.495, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 839, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[32] Joachim de Greef, Olivier Blanson Henkemans, Aafke Fraaije, Lara Solms, Noel Wigdor, Bert Bierman, Joris B Janssen, Rosemarijn Looije, Paul Baxter, Mark A Neerincx, et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.173, 0.88, 0.185], [0.212, 0.186, 0.356, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 840, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2014.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.356, 0.186, 0.382, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 841, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Child-robot interaction in the wild: Field testing activities of the ALIZ-E project.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.186, 0.76, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 842, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.76, 0.186, 0.88, 0.198], [0.212, 0.2, 0.503, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 843, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "148–149.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.503, 0.2, 0.547, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 844, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[33] Mirjam De Haas, Paul Vogt, and Emiel Krahmer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.211, 0.434, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 845, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.434, 0.211, 0.461, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 846, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The efects of feedback on children’s engagement and learning outcomes in robot-assistedsecond language learning.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.461, 0.211, 0.88, 0.223], [0.212, 0.223, 0.333, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 847, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in Robotics and AI 7 (2020), 101.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.333, 0.223, 0.526, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 848, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[34] Cinzia Di Dio, Federico Manzi, Giulia Peretti, Angelo Cangelosi, Paul L Harris, Davide Massaro, and Antonella Marchetti.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.236, 0.771, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 849, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.236, 0.798, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 850, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Shall I trust you?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.798, 0.236, 0.88, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 851, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "From child–robot interaction to trusting relationships.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.212, 0.248, 0.465, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 852, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in psychology 11 (2020), 469.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.465, 0.248, 0.641, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 853, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[35] Alessandro Di Nuovo, Simone Varrasi, Alexandr Lucas, Daniela Conti, John McNamara, and Alessandro Soranzo.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.261, 0.737, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 854, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.737, 0.261, 0.763, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 855, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Assessment of cognitive skills via human-robot interaction and cloud computing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.763, 0.261, 0.88, 0.273], [0.212, 0.274, 0.475, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 856, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of bionic engineering 16 (2019), 526–539.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.475, 0.274, 0.701, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 857, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[36] Manuel Dietrich, Matti Krüger, and Thomas H. Weisswange.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.286, 0.495, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 858, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.495, 0.286, 0.522, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 859, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "What should a robot disclose about me?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.522, 0.286, 0.714, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 860, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A study about privacy-appropriatebehaviors for social robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.714, 0.286, 0.88, 0.298], [0.212, 0.299, 0.338, 0.311]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 861, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in Robotics and AI 10 (12 2023), 1236733. https://doi.org/10.3389/FROBT.2023.1236733/BIBTEX [37] Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder, Axel Buchner, and Albert-Georg Lang.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.338, 0.299, 0.825, 0.311], [0.185, 0.311, 0.522, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 862, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2009.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.522, 0.311, 0.549, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 863, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.549, 0.311, 0.88, 0.324], [0.212, 0.324, 0.305, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 864, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Behavior Research Methods 41 (2009), 1149–1160.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.305, 0.324, 0.533, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 865, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149 ID: Faul2009.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.533, 0.324, 0.817, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 866, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[38] David Feil-Seifer, Kerstin S. Haring, Silvia Rossi, Alan R. Wagner, and Tom Williams.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.337, 0.625, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 867, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.625, 0.337, 0.653, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 868, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Where to Next?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.653, 0.337, 0.738, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 869, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Human-Robot Interaction Research.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.738, 0.337, 0.88, 0.349], [0.212, 0.349, 0.379, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 870, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI) 10 (6 2020).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.379, 0.349, 0.687, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 871, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/3405450 [39] Meghann Fior, Sarah Nugent, Tanya N Beran, Alejandro Ramirez-Serrano, and Roman Kuzyk.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.687, 0.349, 0.876, 0.361], [0.185, 0.362, 0.643, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 872, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2010.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.643, 0.362, 0.669, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 873, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Children’s relationships with robots: robot ischild’s new friend.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.669, 0.362, 0.88, 0.374], [0.212, 0.374, 0.298, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 874, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(2010).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.298, 0.374, 0.333, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 875, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[40] Tamsin Ford, Tim Vizard, Katharine Sadler, Sally McManus, Anna Goodman, Salah Merad, Maria Tejerina-Arreal, Dan Collinson, and MHCYP Collaboration.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.387, 0.88, 0.399], [0.212, 0.399, 0.277, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 876, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.277, 0.399, 0.303, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 877, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Data resource profle: Mental health of children and young people (MHCYP) surveys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.399, 0.696, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 878, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International journal of epidemiology 49 2 (2020), 363–364g.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.696, 0.399, 0.879, 0.412], [0.212, 0.412, 0.3, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 879, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[41] Edwinn Gamborino, Hsiu-Ping Yueh, Weijane Lin, Su-Ling Yeh, and Li-Chen Fu.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.425, 0.6, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 880, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.6, 0.425, 0.628, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 881, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Mood estimation as a social profle predictor in an autonomous, multi-session, emotional support robot for children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.628, 0.425, 0.88, 0.437], [0.212, 0.437, 0.524, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 882, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.524, 0.437, 0.88, 0.45], [0.212, 0.452, 0.339, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 883, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 1–6.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.339, 0.452, 0.389, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 884, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[42] Curtis L. Gittens.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.462, 0.29, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 885, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.29, 0.462, 0.317, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 886, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Remote HRI: a Methodology for Maintaining COVID-19 Physical Distancing and Human Interaction Requirements in HRI Studies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.317, 0.462, 0.88, 0.474], [0.212, 0.475, 0.248, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 887, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Information Systems Frontiers 26 (2 2021), 91–106.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.248, 0.475, 0.481, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 888, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10796-021-10162-4/TABLES/5[43] Curtis L. Gittens and Damian Garnes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.481, 0.475, 0.778, 0.487], [0.185, 0.487, 0.386, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 889, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.386, 0.487, 0.412, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 890, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Zenbo on Zoom: Evaluating the Human-Robot Interaction User Experience in a Video Conferencing Session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.412, 0.487, 0.88, 0.5], [0.212, 0.5, 0.248, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 891, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Digest of Technical Papers - IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics 2022-January (2022).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.248, 0.5, 0.715, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 892, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE53296 2022.9730259 [44] Curtis L Gittens and Damian Garnes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.715, 0.5, 0.879, 0.512], [0.212, 0.513, 0.273, 0.525], [0.185, 0.525, 0.388, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 893, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.388, 0.525, 0.415, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 894, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Zenbo on zoom: Evaluating the human-robot interaction user experience in a video conferencing session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.415, 0.525, 0.88, 0.537], [0.212, 0.538, 0.248, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 895, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.248, 0.538, 0.571, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 896, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 1–6.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.571, 0.538, 0.621, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 897, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[45] Diogo Godoi, Roseli AF Romero, Helio Azevedo, Josué Ramos, Germano Beraldo Filho, and Márcia Ap Thome Garcia.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.55, 0.765, 0.563]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 898, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.765, 0.55, 0.792, 0.563]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 899, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Proteger: A socialrobotics system to support child psychological evaluation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.792, 0.55, 0.88, 0.563], [0.212, 0.563, 0.49, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 900, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2020 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS), 2020 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR) and 2020 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.49, 0.563, 0.88, 0.576], [0.212, 0.578, 0.517, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 901, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 1–6.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.578, 0.567, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 902, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[46] Rebecca Grist, Joanna Porter, and Paul Stallard.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.588, 0.428, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 903, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2017.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.428, 0.588, 0.454, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 904, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Mental health mobile apps for preadolescents and adolescents: A systematic review.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.454, 0.588, 0.842, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 905, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of Medical Internet Research 19 (5 2017), e7332.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.842, 0.588, 0.88, 0.601], [0.212, 0.603, 0.426, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 906, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.2196/JMIR.7332 [47] Anna Gromada, Gwyther Rees, and Yekaterina Chzhen.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.603, 0.625, 0.613], [0.185, 0.613, 0.475, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 907, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.475, 0.613, 0.502, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 908, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Worlds of infuence: Understanding what shapes child well-being in rich countries United Nations Children’s Fund.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.502, 0.613, 0.879, 0.626], [0.212, 0.626, 0.363, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 909, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[48] Yonas Deressa Guracho, Susan J. Thomas, and Khin Than Win.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.638, 0.496, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 910, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.496, 0.638, 0.521, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 911, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Smartphone application use patterns for mental health disorders: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.638, 0.88, 0.651], [0.212, 0.651, 0.379, 0.663]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 912, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Medical Informatics 179 (11 2023), 105217. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJMEDINF.2023 105217 [49] Stefan Harrer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.379, 0.651, 0.879, 0.663], [0.212, 0.664, 0.244, 0.676], [0.185, 0.676, 0.279, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 913, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.279, 0.676, 0.306, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 914, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Attention is not all you need: the complicated case of ethically using large language models in healthcare and medicine eBioMedicine 90 (4 2023), 104512. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EBIOM.2023.104512 [50] Olivier A Blanson Henkemans, Bert PB Bierman, Joris Janssen, Rosemarijn Looije, Mark A Neerincx, Marierose MM van Dooren, Jitske LE de Vries, Gert Jan van der Burg, and Sasja D Huisman.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.306, 0.676, 0.879, 0.688], [0.212, 0.691, 0.579, 0.701], [0.185, 0.701, 0.88, 0.713], [0.212, 0.714, 0.45, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 915, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2017.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.45, 0.714, 0.476, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 916, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Design and evaluation of a personal robot playing a self-management education game with children with diabetes type 1. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 106 (2017), 63–76.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.476, 0.714, 0.88, 0.726], [0.212, 0.726, 0.69, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 917, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[51] Anna Henschel, Guy Laban, and Emily S Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.739, 0.432, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 918, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.432, 0.739, 0.458, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 919, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "What Makes a Robot Social?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.458, 0.739, 0.594, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 920, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A Review of Social Robots from Science Fiction to a Home or Hospital Near You.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.739, 0.88, 0.751], [0.212, 0.752, 0.3, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 921, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Current Robotics Reports (2021), 9–19.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.752, 0.476, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 922, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43154-020-00035-0[52] Shanee Honig and Tal Oron-Gilad.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.476, 0.752, 0.721, 0.764], [0.185, 0.764, 0.375, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 923, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.375, 0.764, 0.402, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 924, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Comparing Laboratory User Studies and Video-Enhanced Web Surveys for Eliciting User Gestures in Human-Robot Interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.402, 0.764, 0.88, 0.776], [0.212, 0.777, 0.339, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 925, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Companion of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 248–250.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.339, 0.777, 0.79, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 926, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/101145/3371382.3378325 [53] Aike C Horstmann and Nicole C Krämer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.777, 0.879, 0.789], [0.212, 0.789, 0.313, 0.802], [0.185, 0.802, 0.4, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 927, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.4, 0.802, 0.426, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 928, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Great expectations?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.802, 0.521, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 929, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Relation of previous experiences with social robots in real life or in the mediaand expectancies based on qualitative and quantitative assessment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.802, 0.88, 0.814], [0.212, 0.815, 0.523, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 930, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in psychology 10 (2019), 939.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.523, 0.815, 0.7, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 931, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.088, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 932, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 933, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[54] Jennifer Huberty, Jeni Green, Megan Puzia, and Chad Stecher.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.123, 0.44, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 934, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.44, 0.123, 0.467, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 935, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Evaluation of mood check-in feature for participation in meditation mobile app users: retrospective longitudinal analysis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.467, 0.123, 0.82, 0.135], [0.152, 0.135, 0.365, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 936, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, 4 (2021), e27106.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.365, 0.135, 0.582, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 937, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[55] Liza Jachens and Jonathan Houdmont.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.148, 0.334, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 938, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.334, 0.148, 0.361, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 939, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Efort-reward imbalance and job strain: a composite indicator approach.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.361, 0.148, 0.707, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 940, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International journal of environmental research and public health 16, 21 (2019), 4169.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.707, 0.148, 0.82, 0.16], [0.152, 0.162, 0.428, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 941, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[56] Linda A Jackson, Yong Zhao, Wei Qiu, Anthony Kolenic III, Hiram E Fitzgerald, Rena Harold, and Alexander von Eye.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.173, 0.697, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 942, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2008.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.697, 0.173, 0.723, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 943, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Culture, gender and information technology use: A comparison of Chinese and US children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.723, 0.173, 0.82, 0.185], [0.152, 0.186, 0.484, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 944, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Computers in human behavior 24, 6 (2008), 2817–2829.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.484, 0.186, 0.738, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 945, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[57] Ashleigh M. Johnson, Carolyn A. McCarty, Lyscha A. Marcynyszyn, Douglas F. Zatzick, Sara P.D.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.198, 0.623, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 946, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Chrisman, and Frederick P. Rivara.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.198, 0.794, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 947, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.794, 0.198, 0.822, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 948, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Child- compared with parent-report ratings on psychosocial measures following a mild traumatic brain injury among youth with persistent post-concussion symptoms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.152, 0.211, 0.82, 0.223], [0.152, 0.223, 0.281, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 949, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Brain Injury 35 (4 2021), 574–586.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.281, 0.223, 0.44, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 950, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2021.1889663[58] Takayuki Kanda, Takayuki Hirano, Daniel Eaton, and Hiroshi Ishiguro.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.44, 0.223, 0.697, 0.235], [0.125, 0.236, 0.481, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 951, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2004.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.481, 0.236, 0.507, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 952, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Interactive robots as social partners and peer tutors for children: A feld trial.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.507, 0.236, 0.82, 0.248], [0.152, 0.248, 0.197, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 953, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Human–Computer Interaction 19, 1-2 (2004), 61–84.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.197, 0.248, 0.437, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 954, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[59] James Kennedy, Paul Baxter, and Tony Belpaeme.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.261, 0.381, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 955, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2015.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.381, 0.261, 0.407, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 956, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Comparing robot embodiments in a guided discovery learning interaction with children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.407, 0.261, 0.822, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 957, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (2015), 293–308.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.152, 0.276, 0.414, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 958, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[60] Callie Y. Kim, Christine P. Lee, and Bilge Mutlu.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.286, 0.368, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 959, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.286, 0.394, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 960, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Understanding Large-Language Model (LLM)-powered Human-Robot Interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.394, 0.286, 0.769, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 961, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (3 2024), 371–380.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.769, 0.286, 0.82, 0.299], [0.152, 0.301, 0.48, 0.311]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 962, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3610977.3634966[61] Jacqueline M Kory-Westlund and Cynthia Breazeal.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.301, 0.674, 0.311], [0.125, 0.311, 0.388, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 963, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.388, 0.311, 0.414, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 964, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A long-term study of young children’s rapport, social emulation, and language learningwith a peer-like robot playmate in preschool.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.414, 0.311, 0.82, 0.324], [0.152, 0.324, 0.362, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 965, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in Robotics and AI 6 (2019), 81.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.362, 0.324, 0.549, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 966, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[62] Hideki Kozima and Cocoro Nakagawa.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.337, 0.334, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 967, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2007.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.334, 0.337, 0.361, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 968, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Longitudinal Child-Robot Interaction at Preschool..", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.361, 0.337, 0.605, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 969, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In AAAI Spring Symposium: Multidisciplinary Collaboration for Socially Assistive Robotics.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.605, 0.337, 0.82, 0.349], [0.152, 0.351, 0.352, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 970, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "27–32.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.352, 0.351, 0.385, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 971, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[63] Divyanshu Kumar Singh, Sumita Sharma, Jainendra Shukla, and Grace Eden.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.362, 0.506, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 972, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.506, 0.362, 0.532, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 973, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Toy, tutor, peer, or pet?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.532, 0.362, 0.643, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 974, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "preliminary fndings from child-robot interactions in a community school.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.643, 0.362, 0.82, 0.374], [0.152, 0.374, 0.319, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 975, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Companion of the 2020 ACM/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.374, 0.731, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 976, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "325–327.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.731, 0.374, 0.774, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 977, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[64] Nomisha Kurian.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.387, 0.233, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 978, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.233, 0.387, 0.26, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 979, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "AI’s empathy gap: The risks of conversational Artifcial Intelligence for young children’s well-being and key ethicalconsiderations for early childhood education and care.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.26, 0.387, 0.82, 0.399], [0.152, 0.399, 0.396, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 980, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood (10 2023).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.396, 0.399, 0.62, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 981, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1177/14639491231206004 [65] Nomisha Kurian.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.62, 0.399, 0.82, 0.412], [0.125, 0.412, 0.233, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 982, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.233, 0.412, 0.26, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 983, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "‘No, Alexa, no!’: designing child-safe AI and protecting children from the risks of the ‘empathy gap’ in large languagemodels.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.26, 0.412, 0.82, 0.424], [0.152, 0.425, 0.188, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 984, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Learning, Media and Technology (6 2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.188, 0.425, 0.381, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 985, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2024.2367052 [66] Guy Laban.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.381, 0.425, 0.604, 0.437], [0.125, 0.437, 0.204, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 986, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.204, 0.437, 0.23, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 987, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Studying and Eliciting Self-Disclosure: Interdisciplinary Review of Research Methodologies and Behavioural Paradigms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.23, 0.437, 0.777, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 988, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "PsyArxiv (5 2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.777, 0.437, 0.82, 0.45], [0.152, 0.45, 0.19, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 989, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/FHDEK [67] Guy Laban, Ziv Ben-Zion, and Emily S. Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.19, 0.45, 0.383, 0.462], [0.125, 0.462, 0.359, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 990, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.359, 0.462, 0.385, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 991, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Social Robots for Supporting Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.385, 0.462, 0.778, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 992, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (2022), 2610. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYT.2021.752874 [68] Guy Laban and Emily S. Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.778, 0.462, 0.82, 0.475], [0.152, 0.477, 0.491, 0.487], [0.125, 0.487, 0.297, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 993, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.297, 0.487, 0.324, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 994, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Sharing our Emotions with Robots: Why do we do it and how does it make us feel?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.324, 0.487, 0.72, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 995, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE Transactions on Afective Computing (2024), 1–18.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.72, 0.487, 0.82, 0.5], [0.152, 0.502, 0.306, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 996, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2024.3470984[69] Guy Laban, Jean-Noël George, Val Morrison, and Emily S. Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.306, 0.502, 0.519, 0.512], [0.125, 0.513, 0.461, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 997, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.461, 0.513, 0.488, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 998, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Tell me more!", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.488, 0.513, 0.56, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 999, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Assessing interactions with social robots from speech.Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 12 (2021), 136–159.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.56, 0.513, 0.822, 0.525], [0.152, 0.527, 0.422, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1000, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2021-0011[70] Guy Laban, Arvid Kappas, Val Morrison, and Emily S. Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.527, 0.645, 0.537], [0.125, 0.538, 0.434, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1001, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.434, 0.538, 0.46, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1002, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Opening Up to Social Robots: How Emotions Drive Self-Disclosure Behavior.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.46, 0.538, 0.822, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1003, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 1697–1704.https://doi.org/10.1109/RO-MAN57019.2023.10309551 [71] Guy Laban, Arvid Kappas, Val Morrison, and Emily S Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.152, 0.552, 0.821, 0.563], [0.152, 0.563, 0.273, 0.575], [0.125, 0.576, 0.439, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1004, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.439, 0.576, 0.467, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1005, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Building Long-Term Human–Robot Relationships: Examining Disclosure,Perception and Well-Being Across Time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.467, 0.576, 0.821, 0.588], [0.152, 0.588, 0.335, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1006, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Social Robotics 16 (2024), 1–27.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.335, 0.588, 0.582, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1007, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-023-01076-z[72] Guy Laban, Val Morrison, Arvid Kappas, and Emily S Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.582, 0.588, 0.82, 0.6], [0.125, 0.601, 0.432, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1008, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.432, 0.601, 0.458, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1009, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Informal Caregivers Disclose Increasingly More to a Social Robot Over Time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.458, 0.601, 0.822, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1010, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, 1–7.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.152, 0.615, 0.526, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1011, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519666[73] Guy Laban, Val Morrison, Arvid Kappas, and Emily S. Cross.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.526, 0.615, 0.719, 0.625], [0.125, 0.626, 0.436, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1012, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2025.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.436, 0.626, 0.463, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1013, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Coping with Emotional Distress via Self-Disclosure to Robots: Intervention with Caregivers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.463, 0.626, 0.82, 0.638], [0.152, 0.638, 0.228, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1014, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Social Robotics (2025).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.228, 0.638, 0.443, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1015, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01207-0 [74] Iolanda Leite, Ginevra Castellano, André Pereira, Carlos Martinho, and Ana Paiva.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.443, 0.638, 0.651, 0.651], [0.125, 0.651, 0.528, 0.663]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1016, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2012.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.528, 0.651, 0.555, 0.663]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1017, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Long-term interactions with empathic robots: Evaluatingperceived support in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.555, 0.651, 0.82, 0.663], [0.152, 0.664, 0.288, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1018, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Social Robotics: 4th International Conference, ICSR 2012, Chengdu, China, October 29-31, 2012.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.288, 0.664, 0.714, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1019, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Proceedings 4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.714, 0.664, 0.778, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1020, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Springer, 298–307.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.778, 0.664, 0.821, 0.676], [0.152, 0.676, 0.193, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1021, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[75] Iolanda Leite, Carlos Martinho, and Ana Paiva.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.689, 0.371, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1022, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2013.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.371, 0.689, 0.398, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1023, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Social robots for long-term interaction: a survey.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.689, 0.629, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1024, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Social Robotics 5 (2013), 291–308.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.629, 0.689, 0.82, 0.701], [0.152, 0.701, 0.226, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1025, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[76] Leigh M Levinson, Nida Itrat Abbasi, Selma Sabanovic, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.714, 0.493, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1026, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.714, 0.52, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1027, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Expert Insights on Robots for Safeguarding Children: How (not) and Why (not)?.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.714, 0.821, 0.726], [0.152, 0.726, 0.227, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1028, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.227, 0.726, 0.61, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1029, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "600–611.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.61, 0.726, 0.654, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1030, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[77] Jamy Li.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.739, 0.19, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1031, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2015.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.19, 0.739, 0.216, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1032, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The beneft of being physically present: A survey of experimental works comparing copresent robots, telepresent robots and virtual agents.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.216, 0.739, 0.82, 0.751], [0.152, 0.752, 0.185, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1033, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 77 (2015), 23–37.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.752, 0.496, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1034, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[78] Q. Vera Liao and Jennifer Wortman Vaughan.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.125, 0.764, 0.362, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1035, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.362, 0.764, 0.389, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1036, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "AI Transparency in the Age of LLMs: A Human-Centered Research Roadmap.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.389, 0.764, 0.753, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1037, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Harvard Data Science Review (2 2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.753, 0.764, 0.82, 0.777], [0.152, 0.779, 0.261, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1038, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue Special Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.1162/99608F92.8036D03B [79] Michael A Lindsey, Sean Joe, and Von Nebbitt.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.261, 0.779, 0.567, 0.789], [0.125, 0.789, 0.364, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1039, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2010.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.364, 0.789, 0.39, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1040, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Family matters: The role of mental health stigma and social support on depressive symptoms", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.39, 0.789, 0.82, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1041, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.089, 0.88, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 1042, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.09, 0.194, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 1043, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[80] Carina Lisøy, Simon Peter Neumer, Trine Waaktaar, Jo Magne Ingul, Solveig Holen, and Kristin Martinsen.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.123, 0.707, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1044, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.707, 0.123, 0.734, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1045, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Making high-quality measuresavailable in diverse contexts—The psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a Norwegian sample.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.734, 0.123, 0.88, 0.135], [0.212, 0.135, 0.819, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1046, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "InternationalJournal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 31 (12 2022), e1935.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.819, 0.135, 0.88, 0.148], [0.212, 0.15, 0.497, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1047, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/MPR.1935 [81] Chris Lytridis, Christos Bazinas, George Sidiropoulos, George A Papakostas, Vassilis G Kaburlasos, Vasiliki-Aliki Nikopoulou, Vasiliki Holeva, and Athanasios Evangeliou.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.497, 0.15, 0.695, 0.16], [0.185, 0.16, 0.88, 0.173], [0.212, 0.173, 0.321, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1048, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.173, 0.348, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1049, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Distance special education delivery by social robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.348, 0.173, 0.595, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1050, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Electronics 9, 6 (2020), 1034.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.595, 0.173, 0.726, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1051, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[82] Karen Mansfeld, Christoph Jindra, and Mina Fazel.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.186, 0.45, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1052, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.45, 0.186, 0.476, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1053, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The OxWell School Survey 2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.476, 0.186, 0.632, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1054, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Report of Preliminary Findings (2020).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.632, 0.186, 0.808, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1055, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[83] Herbert W Marsh and Kit-Tai Hau.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.198, 0.376, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1056, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2002.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.376, 0.198, 0.403, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1057, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Multilevel modeling of longitudinal growth and change: Substantive efects or regression toward the mean artifacts?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.403, 0.198, 0.88, 0.21], [0.212, 0.211, 0.283, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1058, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Multivariate Behavioral Research 37, 2 (2002), 245–282.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.211, 0.538, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1059, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[84] Ali Meghdari, Azadeh Shariati, Minoo Alemi, Gholamreza R Vossoughi, Abdollah Eydi, Ehsan Ahmadi, Behrad Mozafari, Ali Amoozandeh Nobaveh, and Reza Tahami.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.223, 0.881, 0.235], [0.212, 0.236, 0.295, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1060, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2018.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.295, 0.236, 0.321, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1061, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Arash: A social robot buddy to support children with cancer in a hospital environment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.236, 0.733, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1062, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, 6 (2018), 605–618.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.733, 0.236, 0.88, 0.249], [0.212, 0.251, 0.615, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1063, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[85] Fehmidah Munir, Jonathan Houdmont, Stacy Clemes, Kelly Wilson, Robert Kerr, and Ken Addley.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.261, 0.65, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1064, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2014.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.65, 0.261, 0.676, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1065, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Occupational sitting time and its association with work engagement and job demand-control.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.676, 0.261, 0.88, 0.273], [0.212, 0.274, 0.443, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1066, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology Conference.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.443, 0.274, 0.771, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1067, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.274, 0.88, 0.286], [0.212, 0.286, 0.366, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1068, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[86] Michael Murray, Nick Walker, Amal Nanavati, Patricia Alves-Oliveira, Nikita Filippov, Allison Sauppe, Bilge Mutlu, and Maya Cakmak.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.299, 0.855, 0.311]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1069, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022 Learning backchanneling behaviors for a social robot via data augmentation from human-human conversations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.855, 0.299, 0.879, 0.311], [0.212, 0.311, 0.734, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1070, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Conference on robot learning PMLR, 513–525.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.734, 0.311, 0.879, 0.324], [0.212, 0.324, 0.286, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1071, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[87] Bilge Mutlu, Steven Osman, Jodi Forlizzi, Jessica Hodgins, and Sara Kiesler.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.337, 0.56, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1072, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2006.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.56, 0.337, 0.586, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1073, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Task structure and user attributes as elements of human-robot interaction design.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.586, 0.337, 0.88, 0.349], [0.212, 0.349, 0.299, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1074, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In ROMAN 2006-The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.299, 0.349, 0.786, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1075, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 74–79.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.786, 0.349, 0.847, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1076, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[88] Marco Nalin, Ilaria Baroni, Ivana Kruijf-Korbayová, Lola Canamero, Matthew Lewis, Aryel Beck, Heriberto Cuayáhuitl, and Alberto Sanna.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.362, 0.855, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1077, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2012Children’s adaptation in multi-session interaction with a humanoid robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.855, 0.362, 0.879, 0.374], [0.212, 0.374, 0.553, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1078, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robotand Human Interactive Communication.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.553, 0.374, 0.88, 0.387], [0.212, 0.389, 0.394, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1079, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 351–357.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.394, 0.389, 0.466, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1080, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[89] Marco Nalin, Ilaria Baroni, Alberto Sanna, and Clara Pozzi.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.399, 0.484, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1081, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2012.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.484, 0.399, 0.511, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1082, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Robotic companion for diabetic children: emotional and educational support to diabetic children, through an interactive robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.511, 0.399, 0.88, 0.412], [0.212, 0.412, 0.43, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1083, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Proceedings of the 11th international conference on interaction design and children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.43, 0.412, 0.819, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1084, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "260–263.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.819, 0.412, 0.862, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1085, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[90] Matthew K Nock and Alan E Kazdin.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.425, 0.38, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1086, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2001.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.38, 0.425, 0.406, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1087, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Parent expectancies for child therapy: Assessment and relation to participation in treatment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.425, 0.831, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1088, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of Child and Family Studies 10 (2001), 155–180.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.831, 0.425, 0.88, 0.437], [0.212, 0.439, 0.416, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1089, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[91] Tatsuya Nomura, Tomohiro Suzuki, Takayuki Kanda, and Kensuke Kato.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.45, 0.547, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1090, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2006.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.547, 0.45, 0.574, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1091, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Measurement of anxiety toward robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.574, 0.45, 0.761, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1092, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In ROMAN 2006-The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.761, 0.45, 0.88, 0.462], [0.212, 0.464, 0.578, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1093, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 372–377.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.578, 0.464, 0.649, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1094, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[92] Michelle O’Reilly and et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.475, 0.34, 0.488]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1095, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2015.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.34, 0.475, 0.368, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1096, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Identifying the interactional processes in the frst assessments in child mental health.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.475, 0.778, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1097, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Child and AdolescentMental Health 20 (11 2015), 195–201.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.778, 0.475, 0.88, 0.488], [0.212, 0.49, 0.381, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1098, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1111/CAMH.12077[93] Devasena Pasupuleti, Sreejith Sasidharan, Rajesh Sharma, and Gayathri Manikutty.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.381, 0.49, 0.595, 0.5], [0.185, 0.5, 0.61, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1099, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.61, 0.5, 0.638, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1100, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Exploring collaborative game play with robots to encourage good hand hygiene practises among children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.638, 0.5, 0.88, 0.512], [0.212, 0.513, 0.469, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1101, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.469, 0.513, 0.88, 0.525], [0.211, 0.527, 0.263, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1102, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 308–315.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.263, 0.527, 0.334, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1103, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[94] Rebecca Pearson.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.538, 0.295, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1104, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.295, 0.538, 0.322, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1105, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Masculinity and emotionality in education: critical refections on discourses of boys’ behaviour and mental healthEducational Review 75, 6 (2023), 1101–1130.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.538, 0.879, 0.55], [0.212, 0.552, 0.412, 0.563]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1106, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[95] Mallika Punukollu and Mafalda Marques.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.563, 0.405, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1107, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.405, 0.563, 0.431, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1108, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Use of mobile apps and technologies in child and adolescent mental health: a systematic review BMJ Ment Health 22, 4 (2019), 161–166.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.563, 0.88, 0.575], [0.212, 0.578, 0.392, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1109, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[96] Mallika Punukollu and Mafalda Marques.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.588, 0.405, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1110, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.405, 0.588, 0.431, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1111, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Use of mobile apps and technologies in child and adolescent mental health: a systematic review Evidence-Based Mental Health 22 (11 2019), 161.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.588, 0.88, 0.6], [0.212, 0.603, 0.431, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1112, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1136/EBMENTAL-2019-300093 [97] Karli K Rapinda, Tyler Kempe, Richard S Kruk, Jason D Edgerton, Harold R Wallbridge, and Matthew T Keough.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.603, 0.703, 0.613], [0.185, 0.613, 0.736, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1113, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.613, 0.762, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1114, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Examining the temporal associations between depression and pathological gaming.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.762, 0.613, 0.88, 0.625], [0.212, 0.626, 0.478, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1115, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 53, 3 (2021), 274.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.478, 0.626, 0.88, 0.638], [0.212, 0.638, 0.288, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1116, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[98] Tracey A Revenson, Konstadina Griva, Aleksandra Luszczynska, Val Morrison, Efharis Panagopoulou, Noa Vilchinsky, and Mariët Hagedoorn2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.651, 0.879, 0.663], [0.212, 0.664, 0.236, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1117, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "What Is Caregiving and How Should We Study It?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.236, 0.664, 0.464, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1118, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1–14.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.464, 0.664, 0.609, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1119, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137558985_1[99] Wavne Rikkers, David Lawrence, Jennifer Hafekost, and Stephen R Zubrick.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.609, 0.664, 0.806, 0.676], [0.185, 0.676, 0.56, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1120, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.56, 0.676, 0.586, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1121, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Internet use and electronic gaming by children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural problems in Australia–results from the second Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and WellbeingBMC public health 16 (2016), 1–16.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.586, 0.676, 0.88, 0.688], [0.212, 0.689, 0.879, 0.701], [0.212, 0.703, 0.371, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1122, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[100] Paul Robinette, Alan R Wagner, and Ayanna M Howard.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.714, 0.475, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1123, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.475, 0.714, 0.502, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1124, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Assessment of robot to human instruction conveyance modalities across virtual, remote and physical robot presence.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.502, 0.714, 0.881, 0.726], [0.212, 0.726, 0.379, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1125, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.379, 0.726, 0.854, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1126, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 1044–1050.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.854, 0.726, 0.881, 0.739], [0.212, 0.739, 0.263, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1127, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[101] Silvia Rossi, Silvano Junior Santini, Daniela Di Genova, Gianpaolo Maggi, Alberto Verrotti, Giovanni Farello, Roberta Romualdi, Anna Alisi, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, and Clara Balsano.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.752, 0.881, 0.764], [0.212, 0.764, 0.402, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1128, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.402, 0.764, 0.428, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1129, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Using the social robot NAO for emotional support to children at a pediatric emergency department: Randomized clinical trial.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.428, 0.764, 0.881, 0.776], [0.212, 0.777, 0.33, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1130, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, 1 (2022), e29656.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.33, 0.777, 0.593, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1131, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[102] Irina Rudenko, Andrey Rudenko, Achim J. Lilienthal, Kai O. Arras, and Barbara Bruno.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.789, 0.63, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1132, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.63, 0.789, 0.658, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1133, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The Child Factor in Child–Robot InteractionDiscovering the Impact of Developmental Stage and Individual Characteristics.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.658, 0.789, 0.879, 0.802], [0.212, 0.802, 0.586, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1134, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Social Robotics 16 (8 2024), 1879–1900Issue 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12369-024-01121-5/TABLES/2", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.586, 0.802, 0.879, 0.814], [0.212, 0.815, 0.505, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1135, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.088, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 1136, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 1137, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[103] Jeremy K Russell, Esben Strodl, and David Kavanagh.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.123, 0.405, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1138, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.405, 0.123, 0.432, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1139, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Use of a social robot in the implementation of a narrative intervention for young people with cystic fbrosis: a feasibility study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.432, 0.123, 0.82, 0.135], [0.152, 0.135, 0.363, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1140, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "International Journal of Social Robotics (2021), 1–15.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.363, 0.135, 0.605, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1141, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[104] Tamie Salter, Kerstin Dautenhahn, and R Bockhorst.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.148, 0.391, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1142, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2004.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.391, 0.148, 0.417, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1143, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Robots moving out of the laboratory-detecting interaction levels and human contact in noisy school environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.417, 0.148, 0.82, 0.16], [0.152, 0.16, 0.279, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1144, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In RO-MAN 2004.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.279, 0.16, 0.361, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1145, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "13th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (IEEE Catalog No.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.361, 0.16, 0.821, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1146, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "04TH8759).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.152, 0.175, 0.202, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1147, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 563–568.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.202, 0.175, 0.274, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1148, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[105] Eduardo Benitez Sandoval, Omar Mubin, and Mohammad Obaid.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.186, 0.446, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1149, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2014.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.446, 0.186, 0.472, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1150, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Human robot interaction and fction: A contradiction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.472, 0.186, 0.721, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1151, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Social Robotics: 6th International Conference, ICSR 2014, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 27-29, 2014.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.721, 0.186, 0.82, 0.198], [0.152, 0.2, 0.521, 0.211]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1152, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Proceedings 6.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.2, 0.587, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1153, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Springer, 54–63.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.587, 0.2, 0.664, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1154, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[106] Brian Scassellati, Laura Boccanfuso, Chien-Ming Huang, Marilena Mademtzi, Meiying Qin, Nicole Salomons, Pamela Ventola, and Frederick Shic.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.211, 0.822, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1155, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2018.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.152, 0.223, 0.176, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1156, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Improving social skills in children with ASD using a long-term, in-home social robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.223, 0.576, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1157, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Science Robotics 3, 21 (2018), eaat7544.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.576, 0.223, 0.756, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1158, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[107] Sofa Serholt and Wolmet Barendregt.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.236, 0.326, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1159, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.236, 0.352, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1160, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Robots tutoring children: Longitudinal evaluation of social engagement in child-robot interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.352, 0.236, 0.808, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1161, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Proceedings of the 9th nordic conference on human-computer interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.808, 0.236, 0.82, 0.248], [0.152, 0.251, 0.48, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1162, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1–10.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.251, 0.508, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1163, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[108] Carla Sharp, Ian M Goodyer, and Tim J Croudace.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.261, 0.386, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1164, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2006.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.386, 0.261, 0.413, 0.273]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1165, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ): a unidimensional item response theory and categorical data factor analysis of self-report ratings from a community sample of 7-through 11-year-old children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.413, 0.261, 0.82, 0.273], [0.152, 0.274, 0.725, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1166, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of abnormal child psychology 34 (2006), 365–377.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.725, 0.274, 0.82, 0.286], [0.152, 0.288, 0.318, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1167, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[109] Alan L. Shields, Fiona Taylor, Roger E. Lamoureux, Brad Padilla, Kas Severson, Tanya Green, Anthony L. Boral, Cem Akin, Frank Siebenhaar, and Brenton Mar.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.299, 0.82, 0.311], [0.152, 0.311, 0.213, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1168, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.311, 0.239, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1169, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Psychometric evaluation of the Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis Symptom Assessment Form (ISM-SAF©) and determination ofa threshold score for moderate symptoms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.239, 0.311, 0.82, 0.324], [0.152, 0.324, 0.345, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1170, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 18 (12 2023), 69.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.345, 0.324, 0.578, 0.336]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1171, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13023-023-02661-1 [110] Joseph P. Simmons, Leif D. Nelson, and Uri Simonsohn.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.578, 0.324, 0.82, 0.336], [0.12, 0.337, 0.413, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1172, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2011.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.413, 0.337, 0.439, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1173, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "False-positive psychology: Undisclosed fexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as signifcant.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.439, 0.337, 0.82, 0.349], [0.152, 0.349, 0.35, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1174, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Psychological Science 22 (10 2011), 1359–1366.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.35, 0.349, 0.569, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1175, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_0956797611417632-FIG2.JPEG [111] Laura Smart and Daniel M Wegner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.569, 0.349, 0.821, 0.361], [0.152, 0.362, 0.448, 0.374], [0.12, 0.374, 0.316, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1176, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2000.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.316, 0.374, 0.343, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1177, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The hidden costs of hidden stigma.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.343, 0.374, 0.502, 0.387]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1178, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The Guilford Press, 220–242.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.502, 0.374, 0.639, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1179, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[112] Catharina Vesterager Smedegaard.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.387, 0.317, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1180, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.317, 0.387, 0.345, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1181, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Reframing the role of novelty within social HRI: from noise to information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.345, 0.387, 0.715, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1182, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2019 14th acm/ieee international conference on human-robot interaction (hri).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.715, 0.387, 0.82, 0.399], [0.152, 0.401, 0.414, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1183, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 411–420.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.414, 0.401, 0.485, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1184, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[113] Michael Sorter, Lori J Stark, Tracy Glauser, Jessica McClure, John Pestian, Katherine Junger, and Tina L Cheng.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.412, 0.673, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1185, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.673, 0.412, 0.7, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1186, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Addressing the pediatric mental health crisis: Moving from a reactive to a proactive system of care.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.7, 0.412, 0.82, 0.424], [0.152, 0.425, 0.496, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1187, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The Journal of Pediatrics 265 (2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.496, 0.425, 0.664, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1188, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[114] Micol Spitale, Minja Axelsson, and Hatice Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.437, 0.382, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1189, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.437, 0.409, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1190, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Robotic mental well-being coaches for the workplace: An in-the-wild study on form.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.409, 0.437, 0.808, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1191, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.808, 0.437, 0.82, 0.449], [0.152, 0.452, 0.555, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1192, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "301–310.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.555, 0.452, 0.599, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1193, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[115] Micol Spitale, Minja Axelsson, Sooyeon Jeong, Paige Tuttosı, Caitlin A. Stamatis, Guy Laban, Angelica Lim, and Hatice Gune.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.462, 0.729, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1194, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.729, 0.462, 0.756, 0.474]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1195, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Past, Present,and Future: A Survey of The Evolution of Afective Robotics For Well-being.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.756, 0.462, 0.821, 0.474], [0.152, 0.475, 0.507, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1196, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(7 2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.507, 0.475, 0.549, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1197, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.02957 [116] M Spitale and H Gunes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.549, 0.475, 0.748, 0.487], [0.12, 0.487, 0.262, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1198, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2022.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.262, 0.487, 0.289, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1199, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Afective Robotics For Wellbeing: A Scoping Review.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.289, 0.487, 0.538, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1200, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2022 10th International Conference on Afective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.487, 0.82, 0.5], [0.152, 0.502, 0.418, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1201, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1–8.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.418, 0.502, 0.44, 0.512]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1202, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIIW57231.2022.10085995[117] Frode Stenseng, Beate Wold Hygen, and Lars Wichstrøm.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.44, 0.502, 0.683, 0.512], [0.12, 0.513, 0.426, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1203, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2020.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.513, 0.454, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1204, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Time spent gaming and psychiatric symptoms in childhood: cross-sectionalassociations and longitudinal efects.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.454, 0.513, 0.82, 0.525], [0.152, 0.525, 0.323, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1205, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "European child & adolescent psychiatry 29, 6 (2020), 839–847.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.323, 0.525, 0.607, 0.537]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1206, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[118] Anita L. Stewart, Angela D. Thrasher, Jack Goldberg, and Judy A. Shea.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.538, 0.489, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1207, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2012.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.489, 0.538, 0.516, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1208, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A Framework for Understanding Modifcations to Measures for Diverse Populations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.538, 0.82, 0.55], [0.152, 0.55, 0.248, 0.563]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1209, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of aging and health 24 (9 2012), 992.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.248, 0.55, 0.454, 0.563]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1210, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264312440321 [119] Megan Strait, Priscilla Briggs, and Matthias Scheutz.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.454, 0.55, 0.691, 0.563], [0.12, 0.563, 0.386, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1211, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2015.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.386, 0.563, 0.412, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1212, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Gender, more so than age, modulates positive perceptions of language-based human-robot interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.412, 0.563, 0.82, 0.575], [0.152, 0.576, 0.21, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1213, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 4th international symposium on new frontiers in human robot interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.21, 0.576, 0.559, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1214, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "21–22.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.559, 0.576, 0.591, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1215, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[120] Thomas Yu Chow Tam, Sonish Sivarajkumar, Sumit Kapoor, Alisa V. Stolyar, Katelyn Polanska, Karleigh R. McCarthy, Hunter Osterhoudt, Xizhi Wu, Shyam Visweswaran, Sunyang Fu, Piyush Mathur, Giovanni E. Cacciamani, Cong Sun, Yifan Peng, and Yanshan Wang.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.588, 0.82, 0.6], [0.152, 0.601, 0.714, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1216, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.714, 0.601, 0.74, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1217, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A framework for human evaluation of large language models in healthcare derived from literature review.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.74, 0.601, 0.82, 0.613], [0.152, 0.613, 0.569, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1218, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "npj Digital Medicine 2024 7:1 7 (9 2024), 1–20.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.569, 0.613, 0.783, 0.625]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1219, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 1.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01258-7 [121] Fumihide Tanaka, Kyosuke Isshiki, Fumiki Takahashi, Manabu Uekusa, Rumiko Sei, and Kaname Hayashi.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.783, 0.613, 0.822, 0.625], [0.152, 0.626, 0.353, 0.638], [0.12, 0.638, 0.655, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1220, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2015. Pepper learns together with children: Development of an educational application.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.655, 0.638, 0.82, 0.651], [0.152, 0.651, 0.404, 0.663]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1221, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In 2015 IEEE-RAS 15th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.404, 0.651, 0.793, 0.663]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1222, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "IEEE, 270–275.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.793, 0.651, 0.821, 0.663], [0.152, 0.664, 0.193, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1223, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[122] Bang-on Thepthien, Pakaporn Busprachong, and Nate Hongkeilert.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.676, 0.471, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1224, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.471, 0.676, 0.499, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1225, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Self-Disclosure Among Youth with Problematic Methamphetamine Use Who Received Treatment in Public Health Centers of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration: A Qualitative Analysis.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.499, 0.676, 0.82, 0.688], [0.152, 0.689, 0.732, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1226, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 28, 5 (2019), 363–375.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.732, 0.689, 0.82, 0.701], [0.152, 0.703, 0.379, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1227, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[123] Roger Tourangeau, Lance J Rips, and Kenneth Rasinski.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.714, 0.409, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2000.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.409, 0.714, 0.436, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1229, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The psychology of survey response.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.436, 0.714, 0.607, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1230, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(2000).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.607, 0.714, 0.641, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1231, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[124] Jordi Vallverdú and Gabriele Trovato.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.726, 0.324, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1232, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2016.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.324, 0.726, 0.35, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1233, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Emotional afordances for human–robot interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.35, 0.726, 0.594, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1234, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Adaptive Behavior 24 (10 2016), 320–334.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.726, 0.784, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1235, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 5.https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712316668238 [125] Esther JG Van Der Drift, Robbert-Jan Beun, Rosemarijn Looije, Olivier A Blanson Henkemans, and Mark A Neerincx.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.784, 0.726, 0.822, 0.739], [0.152, 0.739, 0.345, 0.751], [0.12, 0.752, 0.712, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1236, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2014.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.712, 0.752, 0.74, 0.764]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1237, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A remote social robot to motivate and support diabetic children in keeping a diary.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.74, 0.752, 0.82, 0.764], [0.152, 0.764, 0.461, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1238, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.461, 0.764, 0.82, 0.777], [0.152, 0.779, 0.203, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1239, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "463–470.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.203, 0.779, 0.247, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1240, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[126] Alice P. Villatoro, Melissa J. DuPont-Reyes, Jo C. Phelan, Kirstin Painter, and Bruce G. Link.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.789, 0.579, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1241, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2018.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.579, 0.789, 0.606, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1242, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Parental recognition of preadolescent mental", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.606, 0.789, 0.82, 0.802]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1243, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.881, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 1244, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.194, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 1245, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[127] Ryuji Yamazaki, Shuichi Nishio, Yuma Nagata, Yuto Satake, Maki Suzuki, Hideki Kanemoto, Miyae Yamakawa, David Figueroa, Hiroshi Ishiguro, and Manabu Ikeda.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.123, 0.881, 0.135], [0.212, 0.135, 0.3, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1246, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.135, 0.327, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1247, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Long-term efect of the absence of a companion robot on older adults: A preliminary pilot study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.327, 0.135, 0.777, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1248, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Frontiers in Computer Science 5 (2023), 1129506.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.777, 0.135, 0.88, 0.148], [0.212, 0.15, 0.329, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1249, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[128] Diyi Yang, Zheng Yao, Joseph Seering, and Robert Kraut.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.16, 0.482, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1250, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2019.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.482, 0.16, 0.509, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1251, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The channel matters: Self-disclosure, reciprocity and social support in online cancer support groups.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.509, 0.16, 0.88, 0.173], [0.212, 0.173, 0.319, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1252, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Proceedings of the 2019 chi conference on human factors in computing systems.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.173, 0.689, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1253, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1–15.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.689, 0.173, 0.717, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1254, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[129] Ceng Zhang, Junxin Chen, Jiatong Li, Yanhong Peng, and Zebing Mao.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18200000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.186, 0.548, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1255, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2023.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18200000, "bbox": [[0.548, 0.186, 0.576, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1256, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Large language models for human–robot interaction: A review.Biomimetic Intelligence and Robotics 3 (12 2023), 100131.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18200000, "bbox": [[0.576, 0.186, 0.882, 0.198], [0.212, 0.2, 0.47, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1257, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIROB.2023.100131", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18200000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.2, 0.717, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1258, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}
# A Longitudinal Study of Child Wellbeing Assessment via Online Interactions with a Social Robot
## 1INTRODUCTION
## 2RELATED WORKS
### 2.1Wellbeing Assessments
### 2.2Digital Mental Health Support
### 2.3Child robot interaction (CRI) in mental health.
### 2.4Remote access to robots.
### 2.5Longitudinal CRI.
### 2.6Gender diferences in mental health and HRI.
### 2.7Research Qestions and Contributions
## 3METHODS
### 3.1In-lab Study
### 3.2Remote Study
#### 3.2.1Participants.
#### 3.2.2Setup.
#### 3.2.3Robotic platform.
#### 3.2.4Experiment protocol.
#### 3.2.5Study tasks.
#### 3.2.6Measures.
##### The measures used in this work are as follows:
###### Pre-study questionnaires:
###### In-study questionnaires:
###### Post-session questionnaires:
### 3.3Construct Validity Analyses
#### 3.3.1SMFQ.
#### 3.3.2RCADS - Robot administered.
#### 3.3.3RCADS - Self reported.
#### 3.3.4RCADS - Parents reported.
#### 3.3.5Transferbility of the measurements.
### 3.4Data analyses
#### 3.4.1Data clustering.
#### 3.4.2Statistical analyses.
## 4RESULTS
### 4.1Tertile categorisation for identification of wellbeing clusters.
### 4.2Efectiveness of online interactions with a social robot in wellbeing assessment (RQ1).
### 4.3The efect of the longitudinal interactions and co-location on user’s perception of the robot (RQ2).
### 4.4 Gender-based diferences in the efectiveness of longitudinal wellbeing assessment and user perception (RQ3).
## 5DISCUSSION
## 6LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK
## 7CONCLUSIONS
