{"entry_id": "20470168-c6b8-4b03-9fdf-9e01675b4a53", "infos": [{"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 0, "bbox": [[0.285, 0.846, 0.683, 0.887]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 0, "bbox": [[0.162, 0.046, 0.961, 0.289]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "“对等关税”对中国工程机械行业的影响", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 100000, "bbox": [[0.091, 0.312, 0.856, 0.339]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "联合资信 工商评级三部 王煜彤", "language": "chinese", "position": 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"中国工程机械企业进行海外产能布局及新兴市场拓展，能有效分散风险，短期压力与长期机遇并存。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 300000, "bbox": [[0.551, 0.467, 0.894, 0.482], [0.044, 0.491, 0.732, 0.505]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "长期来看，“对等关税”倒逼中国工程机械行业向高端化、全球化转型，叠加内需刺激与“一带一路”机遇，中国工程机械行业有望在重构的全球产业链中占据更主动地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 300000, "bbox": [[0.732, 0.491, 0.895, 0.506], [0.045, 0.515, 0.896, 0.526], [0.045, 0.54, 0.794, 0.554]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来竞争焦点将转向技术创新与本地化服务能力，而非单一市场的得失。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 300000, "bbox": [[0.794, 0.54, 0.895, 0.555], [0.045, 0.564, 0.688, 0.578]]}]}, 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{"txt": "截至当地时间2025年4月2日晚，美国总统特朗普宣布，自2025年4月5日起，将对所有出口至美国的商品征收10％的最低基准关税。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 600000, "bbox": [[0.154, 0.115, 0.907, 0.128], [0.113, 0.14, 0.568, 0.151]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，自4月9日起，针对贸易逆差较大或被认定为“不公平贸易”的国家加征附加关税，税率根据各国对美综合关税水平（含非关税壁垒）折半计算。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 600000, "bbox": [[0.568, 0.14, 0.908, 0.153], [0.113, 0.163, 0.908, 0.176], [0.114, 0.188, 0.323, 0.2]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "图表1 部分国家的关税清单", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.405, 0.213, 0.602, 0.223]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], 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"该政策包括部分豁免商品类别及区域：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.155, 0.416, 0.484, 0.428]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(1）钢铝铜制品、汽车及零部件、药品、半导体、化工及能源产品等不适用新增“对等关税”，但需遵守原有关税条款；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.484, 0.416, 0.896, 0.428], [0.115, 0.439, 0.715, 0.452]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2）加拿大、墨西哥符合《美墨加协定》的商品暂时豁免基准关税和对等关税，包括满足相应原产地规则和贸易优惠条件的汽车及零部件、农产品与食品、纺织品与服装、以及电子产品与机械设备。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.715, 0.439, 0.906, 0.453], [0.114, 0.464, 0.906, 0.477], [0.113, 0.489, 0.866, 0.501]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "国务院关税税则委员会于4月4日果断采取多项反制措施，宣布自4月10日起，对原产于美国的所有进口商品加征34％关税。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.155, 0.512, 0.907, 0.525], [0.113, 0.536, 0.466, 0.549]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4月8日（当地时间），美国总统特朗普宣布对中国输美商品加征关税税率由34％提至84％。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.153, 0.562, 0.907, 0.574], [0.114, 0.587, 0.16, 0.597]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4月9日，国务院关税税则委员会宣布，自4月10日12时01分起对原产于美国的所有进口商品加征84％关税。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.16, 0.587, 0.907, 0.598], [0.114, 0.609, 0.365, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4月9日（当地时间）美国总统特朗普再次宣布，立即对超过75个国家暂停加征“对等关税”90天，同时将对华关税提至125％。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.153, 0.635, 0.907, 0.647], [0.114, 0.657, 0.502, 0.67]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "近年来中国工程机械产品出口金额保持增长，其中“一带一路”沿线国家出口表现突出，对美出口份额下降。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.154, 0.701, 0.908, 0.714], [0.116, 0.726, 0.325, 0.738]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前中国工程机械企业对美敞口有限，整体风险可控。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.325, 0.726, 0.81, 0.738]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "近年来中国工程机械产品出口金额保持增长，其中对“一带一路”沿线国家出口增长趋势明显（2023年出口额210.55亿美元，同比增长24.1%，占总出口额的47.2%)，对美出口份额下降。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.154, 0.75, 0.908, 0.762], [0.114, 0.774, 0.906, 0.786], [0.114, 0.798, 0.205, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "受美国加征关税政策影响，中国企业对美出口成本显著增加，目前对美国出口在中国工程机械出口中占比约7%~8%，且主要企业（如三一重工、中联重科、徐工机械等）对美业务敞口普遍低于5%，整体风险可控。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.205, 0.798, 0.908, 0.811], [0.113, 0.822, 0.898, 0.835], [0.113, 0.847, 0.496, 0.859]]}]}, 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"label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "美国本土企业或将受益，同时可能加剧工程机械行业的全球竞争。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.154, 0.308, 0.734, 0.321]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国工程机械企业进行海外产能布局及新兴市场拓展，能有效分散风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.734, 0.308, 0.907, 0.32], [0.113, 0.333, 0.587, 0.344]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国本土品牌卡特彼勒和约翰迪尔合计占据美国 $52\\%$的市场份额，高关税将进一步巩固本土品牌的市场地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.112, 0.356, 0.911, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], 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# “对等关税”对中国工程机械行业的影响
## 特朗普政府“对等关税”政策以基准关税叠加额外关税的组合模式正式落地。
## 近年来中国工程机械产品出口金额保持增长，其中“一带一路”沿线国家出口表现突出，对美出口份额下降。目前中国工程机械企业对美敞口有限，整体风险可控。
## 美国本土企业或将受益，同时可能加剧工程机械行业的全球竞争。中国工程机械企业进行海外产能布局及新兴市场拓展，能有效分散风险。
## 短期压力与长期机遇并存。
