{"entry_id": "98ecc05f-abc6-43f6-8cf5-0ae5f394fa84", "infos": [{"txt": "深度文章分享| 矿石对决芯片：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "深度文章分享| 矿石对决芯片：", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "中美如何在高科技领域展开竞争", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "中美如何在高科技领域展开竞争", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "            深度文章分享| 矿石对决芯片：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 242, "txt": "\n            \n深度文章分享| 矿石对决芯片：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "中美如何在高科技领域展开竞争          ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 243, "txt": "中美如何在高科技领域展开竞争\n          ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "美国在先进技术领域占据优势，而中国则控制着关键矿产的供应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 245, "txt": "美国在先进技术领域占据优势，而中国则控制着关键矿产的供应。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "以此为基础，美国智库卡内基国际和平研究院发布报告《Rocks vs. Chips:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 246, "txt": "以此为基础，美国智库卡内基国际和平研究院发布报告《Rocks vs. Chips:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " How the U.S.-China competition is playing out for high-tech advantage》分析了中美两国在高科技领域的竞争态势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 247, "txt": " How the U.S.-China competition is playing out for high-tech advantage》分析了中美两国在高科技领域的竞争态势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "以下为文章全文翻译，仅作信息分享，不代表任何商业用途，亦不代表对其政策立场的任何形式认可或支持。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 248, "txt": "以下为文章全文翻译，仅作信息分享，不代表任何商业用途，亦不代表对其政策立场的任何形式认可或支持。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "矿石对决芯片：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 250, "txt": "矿石对决芯片：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "中美如何在高科技领域展开竞争", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 251, "txt": "中美如何在高科技领域展开竞争", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "随着美国和中国在经济脱钩和地缘政治博弈上越走越远，半导体和矿产行业正成为双方角力的核心战场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 253, "txt": "随着美国和中国在经济脱钩和地缘政治博弈上越走越远，半导体和矿产行业正成为双方角力的核心战场。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "两国都在想方设法削弱对方的技术优势，同时压制贸易伙伴，以巩固自己的地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 254, "txt": "两国都在想方设法削弱对方的技术优势，同时压制贸易伙伴，以巩固自己的地位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管目标一致，双方的策略却大相径庭：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 255, "txt": "尽管目标一致，双方的策略却大相径庭：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国凭借在尖端技术领域的领先优势，拜登政府祭出一系列力度空前的出口管制措施，试图保住并拉大这份领先；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 256, "txt": "美国凭借在尖端技术领域的领先优势，拜登政府祭出一系列力度空前的出口管制措施，试图保住并拉大这份领先；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而中国则刚刚起步，利用自己在关键矿产和某些战略细分市场的掌控力，搭建起类似的出口限制体系。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 257, "txt": "而中国则刚刚起步，利用自己在关键矿产和某些战略细分市场的掌控力，搭建起类似的出口限制体系。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这场较量的胜负，不仅取决于双方政策的执行力度，更要看谁能拉拢更多中间国家站在自己这边。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 258, "txt": "这场较量的胜负，不仅取决于双方政策的执行力度，更要看谁能拉拢更多中间国家站在自己这边。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最近的双边交锋把这场技术争霸推向了新的高度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 260, "txt": "最近的双边交锋把这场技术争霸推向了新的高度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2024年12月3日，中国商务部首次对美国祭出全面禁令，禁止出口某些“军民两用”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 261, "txt": "2024年12月3日，中国商务部首次对美国祭出全面禁令，禁止出口某些“军民两用”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "的关键矿产，包括锗、镓、超硬矿物（如人造钻石），并对石墨出口新增了许可要求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 262, "txt": "的关键矿产，包括锗、镓、超硬矿物（如人造钻石），并对石墨出口新增了许可要求。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这记重拳是对美国前一天宣布的半导体芯片及制造设备出口限制的直接回击。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 263, "txt": "这记重拳是对美国前一天宣布的半导体芯片及制造设备出口限制的直接回击。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "到了2025年2月4日，作为对美国新一轮关税的报复，东大商务部进一步出手，限制了钨、碲、铋、铟及含钼产品等矿产的出口。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 264, "txt": "到了2025年2月4日，作为对美国新一轮关税的报复，东大商务部进一步出手，限制了钨、碲、铋、铟及含钼产品等矿产的出口。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过这些禁令，东大试图模仿美国的“长臂管辖”，在第三国强制执行出口限制，堵住这些国家将受限商品转手卖给美国的路子。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 265, "txt": "通过这些禁令，东大试图模仿美国的“长臂管辖”，在第三国强制执行出口限制，堵住这些国家将受限商品转手卖给美国的路子。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "把“芯片”（Chips）和“矿石”（Rocks）摆在一起看，凸显了两大强国的战略筹码截然不同。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 267, "txt": "把“芯片”（Chips）和“矿石”（Rocks）摆在一起看，凸显了两大强国的战略筹码截然不同。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大在上游发力，筑起资源壁垒，威胁切断生产尖端技术所需的原材料和中间产品，包括半导体芯片、高容量电池以及国防和航空航天装备。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 268, "txt": "东大在上游发力，筑起资源壁垒，威胁切断生产尖端技术所需的原材料和中间产品，包括半导体芯片、高容量电池以及国防和航空航天装备。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "华盛顿则守住下游阵地，靠保护本国及盟友公司的知识产权和技术优势立足，借助盟友和产业伙伴的力量维持领先。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 269, "txt": "华盛顿则守住下游阵地，靠保护本国及盟友公司的知识产权和技术优势立足，借助盟友和产业伙伴的力量维持领先。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这让美国得以掐住东大获取最新半导体技术的咽喉，拖慢——但无法彻底阻止——东大在尖端人工智能领域的追赶。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 270, "txt": "这让美国得以掐住东大获取最新半导体技术的咽喉，拖慢——但无法彻底阻止——东大在尖端人工智能领域的追赶。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么，到底是上游对关键矿产的掌控更强，还是下游对新兴技术的把控更有优势？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 272, "txt": "那么，到底是上游对关键矿产的掌控更强，还是下游对新兴技术的把控更有优势？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大下一步会限制哪些矿产？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 273, "txt": "东大下一步会限制哪些矿产？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "华盛顿又该如何应对？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 274, "txt": "华盛顿又该如何应对？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中间国家在这场出口管制博弈中又扮演什么角色？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 275, "txt": "中间国家在这场出口管制博弈中又扮演什么角色？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "接下来，我们会从几个角度来解答这些问题：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 276, "txt": "接下来，我们会从几个角度来解答这些问题：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "先把最近的管制交锋放进大背景里看；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 277, "txt": "先把最近的管制交锋放进大背景里看；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再分析东大几十年来如何通过政策布局打造矿产优势；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 278, "txt": "再分析东大几十年来如何通过政策布局打造矿产优势；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然后探讨上下游管制的相对威力，以及多元化贸易和技术伙伴能带来多大的助力；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 279, "txt": "然后探讨上下游管制的相对威力，以及多元化贸易和技术伙伴能带来多大的助力；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最后，试着预测这场技术与军事竞争的未来走势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 280, "txt": "最后，试着预测这场技术与军事竞争的未来走势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为什么东大不断加强的矿物出口限制对政府和企业都至关重要", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 282, "txt": "为什么东大不断加强的矿物出口限制对政府和企业都至关重要", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "在过去的大国博弈中，这种经济战几乎是天方夜谭。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 284, "txt": "在过去的大国博弈中，这种经济战几乎是天方夜谭。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "冷战初期，美国和苏联早就各自为营，经济联系薄弱，几乎谈不上对供应链上游或下游实施出口管制来获得战略杠杆。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 285, "txt": "冷战初期，美国和苏联早就各自为营，经济联系薄弱，几乎谈不上对供应链上游或下游实施出口管制来获得战略杠杆。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而今日的世界则大不相同：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 286, "txt": "而今日的世界则大不相同：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管美国两届政府都在加速中美间的经济脱钩，但两国关系仍然互相渗透、深度交织。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 287, "txt": "尽管美国两届政府都在加速中美间的经济脱钩，但两国关系仍然互相渗透、深度交织。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着经济联系一点点“脱钩”，“互伤”的阴影正笼罩着这两个超级大国。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 288, "txt": "随着经济联系一点点“脱钩”，“互伤”的阴影正笼罩着这两个超级大国。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大的新禁令虽然不至于引发市场大乱，但已经让美国某些行业感到压力，比如国防领域。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 290, "txt": "东大的新禁令虽然不至于引发市场大乱，但已经让美国某些行业感到压力，比如国防领域。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不管短期影响如何，这些禁令清楚地表明，东大打算更充分地利用自己在战略矿产供应链中的主导地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 291, "txt": "不管短期影响如何，这些禁令清楚地表明，东大打算更充分地利用自己在战略矿产供应链中的主导地位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过精准限制一些小众但关键的金属，东大的目的不是搞乱全球商品市场或重创美国经济，而是直击战略产业的痛点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 292, "txt": "通过精准限制一些小众但关键的金属，东大的目的不是搞乱全球商品市场或重创美国经济，而是直击战略产业的痛点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来，美国得做好准备，东大可能会进一步收紧石墨、稀土等关键矿产的供应，每次出手都可能更狠、更难化解。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 293, "txt": "未来，美国得做好准备，东大可能会进一步收紧石墨、稀土等关键矿产的供应，每次出手都可能更狠、更难化解。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大的底气，来自其占据了大部分关键矿物的全球采矿、冶炼和供应生产份额，而这些矿物是制造芯片、清洁能源技术，乃至许多国防与航空航天产品所不可或缺的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 294, "txt": "东大的底气，来自其占据了大部分关键矿物的全球采矿、冶炼和供应生产份额，而这些矿物是制造芯片、清洁能源技术，乃至许多国防与航空航天产品所不可或缺的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大对关键矿产供应链的牢牢掌控，是几十年来“自力更生”战略的结晶。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 296, "txt": "东大对关键矿产供应链的牢牢掌控，是几十年来“自力更生”战略的结晶。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从邓小平时代开始，东大领导人就有意识地收紧对国内采矿、矿物加工和出口的控制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 297, "txt": "从邓小平时代开始，东大领导人就有意识地收紧对国内采矿、矿物加工和出口的控制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "经过多年的政策实施与行业整合，东大在确保自身供应链安全和强化对外部世界谈判时的筹码这两方面都取得了可观成果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 298, "txt": "经过多年的政策实施与行业整合，东大在确保自身供应链安全和强化对外部世界谈判时的筹码这两方面都取得了可观成果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国这边真正认真动用自己在供应链“下游”环节的优势，也不过是从2020年才开始。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 300, "txt": "美国这边真正认真动用自己在供应链“下游”环节的优势，也不过是从2020年才开始。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其对下游的掌控更多地依赖美国及其盟友在创新和高端工业领域的实力，以及全球市场对这些技术和产品的需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 301, "txt": "其对下游的掌控更多地依赖美国及其盟友在创新和高端工业领域的实力，以及全球市场对这些技术和产品的需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "至于最终是“石”（Rocks）还是“芯”（Chips）拥有更持久、更有效的战略价值，尚有待观察，因此这也促使人们认真审视两者孰优孰劣。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 302, "txt": "至于最终是“石”（Rocks）还是“芯”（Chips）拥有更持久、更有效的战略价值，尚有待观察，因此这也促使人们认真审视两者孰优孰劣。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为全球产业所需关键原材料的主要供应国，东大在双边贸易和科技竞逐中确实拥有相当强势的地位，但这把“利刃”可能会随时间消磨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 304, "txt": "作为全球产业所需关键原材料的主要供应国，东大在双边贸易和科技竞逐中确实拥有相当强势的地位，但这把“利刃”可能会随时间消磨。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大要谨慎拿捏，在动用这种“禁运”时，既不希望在国内市场和企业层面造成伤筋动骨，也不能让被打击对象一下子就找到替代并快速转向，导致东大反而失去这张筹码。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 305, "txt": "东大要谨慎拿捏，在动用这种“禁运”时，既不希望在国内市场和企业层面造成伤筋动骨，也不能让被打击对象一下子就找到替代并快速转向，导致东大反而失去这张筹码。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从眼下来看，东大的行动或将对美国的汽车、芯片、国防等领域带来较为明显的冲击，但全球矿产市场也会相应做出反制或调整。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 306, "txt": "从眼下来看，东大的行动或将对美国的汽车、芯片、国防等领域带来较为明显的冲击，但全球矿产市场也会相应做出反制或调整。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一旦各国尤其是澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、日本和韩国邓意识到东大变得更具“威胁性”，它们将更有动力承担短期阵痛，转而集体寻找多元化供应，长远来看将稀释东大的优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 307, "txt": "一旦各国尤其是澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、日本和韩国邓意识到东大变得更具“威胁性”，它们将更有动力承担短期阵痛，转而集体寻找多元化供应，长远来看将稀释东大的优势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "拜登政府除了在国内立法和多边协作等方面频频出招，以减弱对东大矿物供应的依赖外，还试图推动国际产业布局，以减少集中度过高的风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 309, "txt": "拜登政府除了在国内立法和多边协作等方面频频出招，以减弱对东大矿物供应的依赖外，还试图推动国际产业布局，以减少集中度过高的风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但在全球多品类矿物价格走低和通胀高企的大环境下，许多非东大项目面临融资不畅或投产困难，进程缓慢。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 310, "txt": "但在全球多品类矿物价格走低和通胀高企的大环境下，许多非东大项目面临融资不畅或投产困难，进程缓慢。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国以及其他国家的采购方是否愿意配合华盛顿的安全战略诉求，也并不完全确定。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 311, "txt": "美国以及其他国家的采购方是否愿意配合华盛顿的安全战略诉求，也并不完全确定。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "到目前为止，这些对策仍不足以真正缓解美国在关键矿物上的高度依赖。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 312, "txt": "到目前为止，这些对策仍不足以真正缓解美国在关键矿物上的高度依赖。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来，无论是东大继续从供给端下手，还是美国祭出更多惩罚性关税乃至“极端”贸易监管措施，以至于可能同时发生，都意味着各方都会遭遇疼痛与冲击。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 314, "txt": "未来，无论是东大继续从供给端下手，还是美国祭出更多惩罚性关税乃至“极端”贸易监管措施，以至于可能同时发生，都意味着各方都会遭遇疼痛与冲击。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[14]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特朗普政府所追求的“矿产主导地位”，若无此类地缘经济巨变，将难以实现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 315, "txt": "特朗普政府所追求的“矿产主导地位”，若无此类地缘经济巨变，将难以实现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[14]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着时间推移，这些变动都在推动全球贸易及技术体系朝着彼此隔绝、相互竞争的“双轨化”方向演变。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 316, "txt": "随着时间推移，这些变动都在推动全球贸易及技术体系朝着彼此隔绝、相互竞争的“双轨化”方向演变。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[14]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "背景：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 318, "txt": "背景：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "这场“双向”出口管制之争", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 319, "txt": "这场“双向”出口管制之争", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1、华盛顿的“技术封锁”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 321, "txt": "1、华盛顿的“技术封锁”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在意识到美国本身对外部供应的脆弱性后，特朗普和拜登政府开始分两条主线采取行动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 323, "txt": "在意识到美国本身对外部供应的脆弱性后，特朗普和拜登政府开始分两条主线采取行动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一条主线是为美国的矿产供应链“补短板”、提升韧性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 324, "txt": "第一条主线是为美国的矿产供应链“补短板”、提升韧性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "早在2017年，特朗普政府的“13817号行政令”就明确指出，美国的经济与军事对外依赖已构成“战略性脆弱”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 325, "txt": "早在2017年，特朗普政府的“13817号行政令”就明确指出，美国的经济与军事对外依赖已构成“战略性脆弱”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随后特朗普和拜登政府都在不同程度上继续加强国内矿业，大方向包括关税、紧急授权以及对内立法（如2021年的《两党基础设施法》、2022年的《通胀削减法案》，以及2022年基于《国防生产法》启动的举措），同时也采用包括补贴、税收优惠、贷款等方式来扶持美国本土的矿产项目。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 326, "txt": "随后特朗普和拜登政府都在不同程度上继续加强国内矿业，大方向包括关税、紧急授权以及对内立法（如2021年的《两党基础设施法》、2022年的《通胀削减法案》，以及2022年基于《国防生产法》启动的举措），同时也采用包括补贴、税收优惠、贷款等方式来扶持美国本土的矿产项目。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "截至目前，成效虽有，但仍未实现预期那种规模化提升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 327, "txt": "截至目前，成效虽有，但仍未实现预期那种规模化提升。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二条主线是扼制东大对先进半导体及其生产工具的获取。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 329, "txt": "第二条主线是扼制东大对先进半导体及其生产工具的获取。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "早在2018年，美国就对中兴祭出过短期禁令。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 330, "txt": "早在2018年，美国就对中兴祭出过短期禁令。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此后特朗普政府也对华为发动了（最终效果有限的）打击，并多次修订美国出口管制条例下的外国直接产品规则（FDPR），不断扩充美国商务部的“实体清单”，封杀很多东大科技公司及其子公司。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 331, "txt": "此后特朗普政府也对华为发动了（最终效果有限的）打击，并多次修订美国出口管制条例下的外国直接产品规则（FDPR），不断扩充美国商务部的“实体清单”，封杀很多东大科技公司及其子公司。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着制裁越织越密，东大国内开始将美方这一系列行动视为“技术封锁”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 332, "txt": "随着制裁越织越密，东大国内开始将美方这一系列行动视为“技术封锁”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "到了2022年底，拜登政府更上一层楼，推出了具备产业回流政策的《芯片与科学法案》（CHIPS and Science Act），并强化美国商务部的“卡脖子”力度，意在放缓乃至永久性压制东大半导体产业的发展步伐。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 334, "txt": "到了2022年底，拜登政府更上一层楼，推出了具备产业回流政策的《芯片与科学法案》（CHIPS and Science Act），并强化美国商务部的“卡脖子”力度，意在放缓乃至永久性压制东大半导体产业的发展步伐。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美方也借此手段建起了一道针对先进技术的“高墙”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 335, "txt": "美方也借此手段建起了一道针对先进技术的“高墙”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，在具体实施上，美国政府并没有一次性大踏步全部落地，而是分批次出台、留有许多例外与豁免空间，让东大方面能在法规生效前大量囤货，或者“通过注册空壳企业避开禁令”，还拼命加速国产替代和技术研发。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 336, "txt": "然而，在具体实施上，美国政府并没有一次性大踏步全部落地，而是分批次出台、留有许多例外与豁免空间，让东大方面能在法规生效前大量囤货，或者“通过注册空壳企业避开禁令”，还拼命加速国产替代和技术研发。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "近期东大企业推出的超高效的大型语言模型显示，中企在芯片受限的情况下也找到了“曲线救国”的办法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 337, "txt": "近期东大企业推出的超高效的大型语言模型显示，中企在芯片受限的情况下也找到了“曲线救国”的办法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来美国若想更高效地封堵，就须吸取此前教训，也需要在第一时间就联合拥有资源、技术和市场的盟友，以快速、统一的方式行动，才能减少漏洞。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 338, "txt": "未来美国若想更高效地封堵，就须吸取此前教训，也需要在第一时间就联合拥有资源、技术和市场的盟友，以快速、统一的方式行动，才能减少漏洞。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2、东大的非对称出口管制", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 340, "txt": "2、东大的非对称出口管制", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[20]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大在最近这一波关于矿产的出口管制中，更多发挥的是自己“世界第一贸易国”以及对全球生产网络有着“轴心地位”的优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 342, "txt": "东大在最近这一波关于矿产的出口管制中，更多发挥的是自己“世界第一贸易国”以及对全球生产网络有着“轴心地位”的优势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "直至 2023 年，东大方面对贸易伙伴施加反制的主要方式之一，仍是以未公开声明的进口限制为主。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 343, "txt": "直至 2023 年，东大方面对贸易伙伴施加反制的主要方式之一，仍是以未公开声明的进口限制为主。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大利用其作为主要大宗商品进口国的市场力量，对外国实施反制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 344, "txt": "东大利用其作为主要大宗商品进口国的市场力量，对外国实施反制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，东大庞大的农产品进口量使其能够通过未公开声明的进口禁令来反制挪威（2010年，针对三文鱼）、菲律宾（2012年，针对香蕉）、加拿大（2019年，针对油菜籽）以及澳大利亚（2021年，针对大麦和葡萄酒）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 345, "txt": "例如，东大庞大的农产品进口量使其能够通过未公开声明的进口禁令来反制挪威（2010年，针对三文鱼）、菲律宾（2012年，针对香蕉）、加拿大（2019年，针对油菜籽）以及澳大利亚（2021年，针对大麦和葡萄酒）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但真正在出口端以国家之力来反制，过去主要集中在军事物项和化学、生物、放射、核等敏感技术上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 346, "txt": "但真正在出口端以国家之力来反制，过去主要集中在军事物项和化学、生物、放射、核等敏感技术上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "事实上，东大在关键矿物出口上的法规设计与政治准备可回溯到1986年颁布的《中华人民共和国矿产资源法》，在法律层面上将矿产资源归国家所有，并意在加强政府对于矿业的管理与监督。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 348, "txt": "事实上，东大在关键矿物出口上的法规设计与政治准备可回溯到1986年颁布的《中华人民共和国矿产资源法》，在法律层面上将矿产资源归国家所有，并意在加强政府对于矿业的管理与监督。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[22]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这项“母法”拉开了此后多项管制措施的序幕，为2024年全面实施的新出口管制提供了法理支撑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 349, "txt": "这项“母法”拉开了此后多项管制措施的序幕，为2024年全面实施的新出口管制提供了法理支撑。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[22]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "稀土（REE）在东大的矿产政策中一直占据核心地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 351, "txt": "稀土（REE）在东大的矿产政策中一直占据核心地位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "早在1992年，邓小平那句著名论断“中东有石油，东大有稀土”就预示了稀土的重要性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 352, "txt": "早在1992年，邓小平那句著名论断“中东有石油，东大有稀土”就预示了稀土的重要性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "上世纪90年代后，东大通过法律、行政、税费手段逐步确立了对稀土开采、冶炼、出口、投资的全方位管制，希望让“东大稀土”占据全球供给的垄断地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 353, "txt": "上世纪90年代后，东大通过法律、行政、税费手段逐步确立了对稀土开采、冶炼、出口、投资的全方位管制，希望让“东大稀土”占据全球供给的垄断地位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此从90年代到本世纪初，东大向国际市场大量出口稀土，确立了在17种稀土元素中每一个的上游主导地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 354, "txt": "因此从90年代到本世纪初，东大向国际市场大量出口稀土，确立了在17种稀土元素中每一个的上游主导地位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "到2009年左右，东大已成为稀土的“事实垄断生产国”，并在2010年短时间停止对日本出口稀土，向外界展示了“卡脖子”威力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 356, "txt": "到2009年左右，东大已成为稀土的“事实垄断生产国”，并在2010年短时间停止对日本出口稀土，向外界展示了“卡脖子”威力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但这没能持续见效，同时在2014年被WTO裁决违规。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 357, "txt": "但这没能持续见效，同时在2014年被WTO裁决违规。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此后东大转而更注重国内稀土行业的整合。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 358, "txt": "此后东大转而更注重国内稀土行业的整合。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2016年东大发改委发布了《全国矿产资源规划（2016-2020）》，明确了所谓“战略矿产”清单，包括稀土、钨、锗、镓、锑和石墨等，并要求“提高获取全球战略矿产资源的能力”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 359, "txt": "2016年东大发改委发布了《全国矿产资源规划（2016-2020）》，明确了所谓“战略矿产”清单，包括稀土、钨、锗、镓、锑和石墨等，并要求“提高获取全球战略矿产资源的能力”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与东大倡导的“双循环”战略相结合，可见东大早就准备用更大程度的自给自足和外部依赖来对抗美国意图“遏制”的风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 360, "txt": "与东大倡导的“双循环”战略相结合，可见东大早就准备用更大程度的自给自足和外部依赖来对抗美国意图“遏制”的风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这个思路下，东大商务部于2017年发布了《出口管制法（征求意见稿）》，意在和美国针锋相对。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 362, "txt": "在这个思路下，东大商务部于2017年发布了《出口管制法（征求意见稿）》，意在和美国针锋相对。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当时美国正逐步对东大加征关税、扩大出口管制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 363, "txt": "当时美国正逐步对东大加征关税、扩大出口管制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "多轮讨论修改后，出口管制法在2020年10月正式通过，整合了原本零散的规则，明确扩大了适用范围，并且赋予了相当大的执法权限，包括可以进行“域外适用”（第四十四条）和“反制”（第四十八条）——如果外国“滥用出口管制措施，危害中华人民共和国国家安全和利益”，中方可祭出对等行动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 364, "txt": "多轮讨论修改后，出口管制法在2020年10月正式通过，整合了原本零散的规则，明确扩大了适用范围，并且赋予了相当大的执法权限，包括可以进行“域外适用”（第四十四条）和“反制”（第四十八条）——如果外国“滥用出口管制措施，危害中华人民共和国国家安全和利益”，中方可祭出对等行动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这部法律充分体现了东大新时期将经济政策全面“安全化”的趋势，也吻合“十四五”规划提出的“保障战略性矿产资源安全”等官方表述。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 365, "txt": "这部法律充分体现了东大新时期将经济政策全面“安全化”的趋势，也吻合“十四五”规划提出的“保障战略性矿产资源安全”等官方表述。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "简言之，面对“地缘政治风险”，东大高层认定必须在控制“自己家产”的同时，也要学会运用这些资源对外进行遏制或报复。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 366, "txt": "简言之，面对“地缘政治风险”，东大高层认定必须在控制“自己家产”的同时，也要学会运用这些资源对外进行遏制或报复。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "上述思路在2022年以后越发凸显。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 368, "txt": "上述思路在2022年以后越发凸显。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大商务部一度公布了考虑要列入出口限制的技术与产品清单，其中包括太阳能光伏组件生产设备、LiDAR（雷达式探测技术）、CRISPR基因编辑工具等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 369, "txt": "东大商务部一度公布了考虑要列入出口限制的技术与产品清单，其中包括太阳能光伏组件生产设备、LiDAR（雷达式探测技术）、CRISPR基因编辑工具等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着美国继续在贸易与科技上对华展开“脱钩”施压，东大就将重点转向“真正能打击对方痛点”的矿产和高技术材料。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 370, "txt": "随着美国继续在贸易与科技上对华展开“脱钩”施压，东大就将重点转向“真正能打击对方痛点”的矿产和高技术材料。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2023年夏，东大宣布对镓和锗的出口实行许可，再到同年10月将石墨也纳入管控，2024年9月又给锑施加类似的出口许可要求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 371, "txt": "2023年夏，东大宣布对镓和锗的出口实行许可，再到同年10月将石墨也纳入管控，2024年9月又给锑施加类似的出口许可要求。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最初这些许可要求并没有直接切断供应，但足以令国际买家惊觉供应风险，并开始相应囤货或寻找替代。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 372, "txt": "最初这些许可要求并没有直接切断供应，但足以令国际买家惊觉供应风险，并开始相应囤货或寻找替代。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一个引人关注的动作是2023年底，东大禁止出口用于制造稀土磁体的机器设备。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 374, "txt": "另一个引人关注的动作是2023年底，东大禁止出口用于制造稀土磁体的机器设备。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "稀土磁体广泛应用于无人机、F-35战机、电动汽车等各类领域，与美国及其盟友限制核心半导体制造设备的思路颇为类似。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 375, "txt": "稀土磁体广泛应用于无人机、F-35战机、电动汽车等各类领域，与美国及其盟友限制核心半导体制造设备的思路颇为类似。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此举同样是为了巩固东大在稀土冶炼和磁体生产上的优势地位，保障“自主创新”和产业链的自给。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 376, "txt": "此举同样是为了巩固东大在稀土冶炼和磁体生产上的优势地位，保障“自主创新”和产业链的自给。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最后，2024年12月，东大商务部颁布了针对《出口管制法》的新配套法规，整合了此前数份针对“两用物项”清单和“禁止出口最终用户”名单的规定，并大大强化了之前法律条文中提到的域外管辖能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 378, "txt": "最后，2024年12月，东大商务部颁布了针对《出口管制法》的新配套法规，整合了此前数份针对“两用物项”清单和“禁止出口最终用户”名单的规定，并大大强化了之前法律条文中提到的域外管辖能力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[28]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该行政法规在当年12月1日生效，仅两天后（12月3日）东大就拿锗、镓、锑和超硬材料“开刀”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "该行政法规在当年12月1日生效，仅两天后（12月3日）东大就拿锗、镓、锑和超硬材料“开刀”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[28]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "，宣布对其全面禁运。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 380, "txt": "，宣布对其全面禁运。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[28]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可以说，东大之所以能在近年来编织出一套出口管制体系，多少是模仿了美国“用国内法塑造国际关系”的做法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 382, "txt": "可以说，东大之所以能在近年来编织出一套出口管制体系，多少是模仿了美国“用国内法塑造国际关系”的做法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大还在学着美国那样尝试实行“长臂管辖”和强化对自家企业海外经营活动的监管。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "东大还在学着美国那样尝试实行“长臂管辖”和强化对自家企业海外经营活动的监管。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当然，美国在对俄制裁上已积累了较完善的域外制裁体系，东大还远未达到类似水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 384, "txt": "当然，美国在对俄制裁上已积累了较完善的域外制裁体系，东大还远未达到类似水平。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "短期内，东大想做到美国那种全面追踪、打击违规者，难度依旧巨大，但这无疑是未来要持续观察的重点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 385, "txt": "短期内，东大想做到美国那种全面追踪、打击违规者，难度依旧巨大，但这无疑是未来要持续观察的重点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "限制带来的潜在影响，以及供应多元化的机会", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "限制带来的潜在影响，以及供应多元化的机会", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "2024年12月对镓、锗和锑的禁运着实让市场震动，但短期内引发的冲击相对有限。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 389, "txt": "2024年12月对镓、锗和锑的禁运着实让市场震动，但短期内引发的冲击相对有限。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其实，早在2023年东大对这些矿物实施出口许可时，供应已经缩减，市场也就渐有心理准备。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 390, "txt": "其实，早在2023年东大对这些矿物实施出口许可时，供应已经缩减，市场也就渐有心理准备。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "眼下，许多美国企业在被禁令正式落地前抢先囤货，镓、锗等价格虽有所上扬，但似乎可以借第三方转运等方式“绕开”部分限制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 391, "txt": "眼下，许多美国企业在被禁令正式落地前抢先囤货，镓、锗等价格虽有所上扬，但似乎可以借第三方转运等方式“绕开”部分限制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，镓和锗都属于军工和高技术电路的关键原料，不是说轻易就能被其他金属或地区替代，尤其是镓高度集中在东大生产，寻找替补更难。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 392, "txt": "然而，镓和锗都属于军工和高技术电路的关键原料，不是说轻易就能被其他金属或地区替代，尤其是镓高度集中在东大生产，寻找替补更难。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "锗则相对好些，美国和加拿大有望提升产能；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 393, "txt": "锗则相对好些，美国和加拿大有望提升产能；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国五角大楼也在资助相关项目推进。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 394, "txt": "美国五角大楼也在资助相关项目推进。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "锑则主要运用在国防相关产品（比如夜视仪、弹药），禁运消息出来后，价格迅速上涨了40%，凸显美国供应链脆弱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 396, "txt": "锑则主要运用在国防相关产品（比如夜视仪、弹药），禁运消息出来后，价格迅速上涨了40%，凸显美国供应链脆弱。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国本土只有一家锑冶炼厂，国内矿产项目又迟迟无法大规模投产。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 397, "txt": "美国本土只有一家锑冶炼厂，国内矿产项目又迟迟无法大规模投产。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要想向加拿大或澳大利亚寻求供应多元化并非一朝之功。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 398, "txt": "要想向加拿大或澳大利亚寻求供应多元化并非一朝之功。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2025年2月4日新加的限制，同样波及多种矿物，但人们最担心的莫过于钨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "2025年2月4日新加的限制，同样波及多种矿物，但人们最担心的莫过于钨。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "钨在航天和国防领域十分关键，且全球80%的产量来自东大（若加上俄罗斯和朝鲜，掌握量更高）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "钨在航天和国防领域十分关键，且全球80%的产量来自东大（若加上俄罗斯和朝鲜，掌握量更高）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "谁都无法快速找到大批量替代来源，所以消息一出，东大钨企股价大涨，而西方厂商手忙脚乱地想办法分散风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 402, "txt": "谁都无法快速找到大批量替代来源，所以消息一出，东大钨企股价大涨，而西方厂商手忙脚乱地想办法分散风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其他新增的碲、铋和铟等金属，同样八成以上产量在东大，并在高科技领域有重要应用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "其他新增的碲、铋和铟等金属，同样八成以上产量在东大，并在高科技领域有重要应用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再往后看，石墨和超硬材料也都牵动广泛的下游产业。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "再往后看，石墨和超硬材料也都牵动广泛的下游产业。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "石墨是制造锂离子电池的关键材料；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 406, "txt": "石墨是制造锂离子电池的关键材料；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国国内对电池厂的投资势头火热，然而目前并没有充足的石墨供应渠道，一旦东大进一步收缩出口，汽车行业将首当其冲。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 407, "txt": "美国国内对电池厂的投资势头火热，然而目前并没有充足的石墨供应渠道，一旦东大进一步收缩出口，汽车行业将首当其冲。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "超硬材料在高端制造和国防领域也必不可少，一旦遭遇禁运，美国想在本土或第三国迅速补上难度非常大，尤其还缺乏完善的产业链配套。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 408, "txt": "超硬材料在高端制造和国防领域也必不可少，一旦遭遇禁运，美国想在本土或第三国迅速补上难度非常大，尤其还缺乏完善的产业链配套。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "就算日本、印度等可能会提供一部分增量供应，也无法轻易补足“断供”留下的缺口。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 409, "txt": "就算日本、印度等可能会提供一部分增量供应，也无法轻易补足“断供”留下的缺口。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对东大而言，美国对先进设备和芯片的出口管制是东大追求高科技的明显障碍，但也激发了东大的一系列“变通”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 411, "txt": "对东大而言，美国对先进设备和芯片的出口管制是东大追求高科技的明显障碍，但也激发了东大的一系列“变通”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国联合日本、荷兰、韩国等国，禁止极紫外（EUV）光刻机对华出口，严重打击了东大半导体产业在高端制程领域的落地。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 412, "txt": "美国联合日本、荷兰、韩国等国，禁止极紫外（EUV）光刻机对华出口，严重打击了东大半导体产业在高端制程领域的落地。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大九成以上高端芯片曾依赖台积电，现美方千方百计限制台积电为东大供货。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 413, "txt": "东大九成以上高端芯片曾依赖台积电，现美方千方百计限制台积电为东大供货。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "迫于形势，东大越发加大了扶持本土半导体的力度，多家科技巨头也在尝试用更成熟制程来研发高效AI芯片，并从海外尽可能采购中低端芯片应对“缺芯”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 414, "txt": "迫于形势，东大越发加大了扶持本土半导体的力度，多家科技巨头也在尝试用更成熟制程来研发高效AI芯片，并从海外尽可能采购中低端芯片应对“缺芯”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从近期一些成果来看，这些努力相当可观，比如对生成式AI的算法优化，能在有限硬件下也做出不俗的表现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 415, "txt": "从近期一些成果来看，这些努力相当可观，比如对生成式AI的算法优化，能在有限硬件下也做出不俗的表现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管如此，东大仍然在人才、配套、关键零部件等环节受到各方面卡脖子的掣肘，想立刻实现全面高端自给并不现实。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 417, "txt": "尽管如此，东大仍然在人才、配套、关键零部件等环节受到各方面卡脖子的掣肘，想立刻实现全面高端自给并不现实。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "究竟能否攻克这重重障碍，决定了东大芯片产业和科技行业在未来偏紧环境下的生存和发展空间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 418, "txt": "究竟能否攻克这重重障碍，决定了东大芯片产业和科技行业在未来偏紧环境下的生存和发展空间。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "短期内，东大会继续在AI和芯片技术上“双管齐下”，要么深耕本土研发，要么用各种途径搞定中低端芯片，“以量补质”，以等待本土供应链“补课”成功。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 419, "txt": "短期内，东大会继续在AI和芯片技术上“双管齐下”，要么深耕本土研发，要么用各种途径搞定中低端芯片，“以量补质”，以等待本土供应链“补课”成功。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对大国竞争与产业实力的意义", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 421, "txt": "对大国竞争与产业实力的意义", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[37]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "在此背景下，一个核心问题是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 423, "txt": "在此背景下，一个核心问题是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[38]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "掌握敏感产品所需原材料的“一方”控制力更强，还是拥有先进AI技术和知识产权的“另一方”价值更大？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 424, "txt": "掌握敏感产品所需原材料的“一方”控制力更强，还是拥有先进AI技术和知识产权的“另一方”价值更大？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[38]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "评估这点需要先看双方能否真正封死被禁商品的流动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 425, "txt": "评估这点需要先看双方能否真正封死被禁商品的流动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[38]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国号称禁止AI芯片和先进设备流入东大，但东大显然仍在间接渠道获得部分产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 426, "txt": "美国号称禁止AI芯片和先进设备流入东大，但东大显然仍在间接渠道获得部分产品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[38]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "反过来，东大若要切断关键矿物出海，也得想办法杜绝第三国倒卖或转运，这方面同样难度不小。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 427, "txt": "反过来，东大若要切断关键矿物出海，也得想办法杜绝第三国倒卖或转运，这方面同样难度不小。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[38]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再者，时间也是一个重要变量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 429, "txt": "再者，时间也是一个重要变量。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以往，两国的封锁举措尽管轮番出台，但大多都在逐级加码、相对有序推进，让各国和企业尚有调整余地。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "以往，两国的封锁举措尽管轮番出台，但大多都在逐级加码、相对有序推进，让各国和企业尚有调整余地。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "到2024年12月，东大一口气在美国颁布管制次日就“立刻反制”，虽说涉及的品目仍然是早在限制清单内，但时机如此紧凑，表明决策层态度更加强硬。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 431, "txt": "到2024年12月，东大一口气在美国颁布管制次日就“立刻反制”，虽说涉及的品目仍然是早在限制清单内，但时机如此紧凑，表明决策层态度更加强硬。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果未来两国出手越来越急，频率和制裁深度也不断升级，市场反应可能更加剧烈，误判或者“报复螺旋”都更容易发生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "如果未来两国出手越来越急，频率和制裁深度也不断升级，市场反应可能更加剧烈，误判或者“报复螺旋”都更容易发生。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这种局面下，一方面美国需要加速推进国内及盟友国的矿产开发，同时制定更紧密的全球行动方案，看如何切实遏制向东大出口先进芯片设备。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 434, "txt": "在这种局面下，一方面美国需要加速推进国内及盟友国的矿产开发，同时制定更紧密的全球行动方案，看如何切实遏制向东大出口先进芯片设备。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[40]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但美国在全球推行严厉对华贸易政策时，也会引发许多国家的反感，这是必然存在的现实掣肘。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 435, "txt": "但美国在全球推行严厉对华贸易政策时，也会引发许多国家的反感，这是必然存在的现实掣肘。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[40]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一方面，东大在被封锁的环境中，会更快、更重金地扶持本土芯片产业，同时也会钻所谓的美国及其伙伴监管不严的空子，继续进口中端甚至低端芯片，形成人工替补方式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 436, "txt": "另一方面，东大在被封锁的环境中，会更快、更重金地扶持本土芯片产业，同时也会钻所谓的美国及其伙伴监管不严的空子，继续进口中端甚至低端芯片，形成人工替补方式。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[40]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "关键要看欧美盟友能否真正形成统一战线。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 437, "txt": "关键要看欧美盟友能否真正形成统一战线。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[40]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，就算美国真能严密封堵最顶尖芯片，东大也可能通过多买普通芯片、采用更多集群架构等方式实现同等算力，只是成本更高一些。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 439, "txt": "此外，就算美国真能严密封堵最顶尖芯片，东大也可能通过多买普通芯片、采用更多集群架构等方式实现同等算力，只是成本更高一些。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "只要能“捱”到国产先进制程追上来，“芯片围堵”的威力就会逐渐减弱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 440, "txt": "只要能“捱”到国产先进制程追上来，“芯片围堵”的威力就会逐渐减弱。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同理，美国对东大矿产禁运的替代也并非一天能解决——在可见的中期内，美国可能面临矿产价格上行、供应链乱局等麻烦，但还不至于出现“一刀切”的产业坍塌，毕竟绕道交易以及其他贸易路径可能依旧存在。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 441, "txt": "同理，美国对东大矿产禁运的替代也并非一天能解决——在可见的中期内，美国可能面临矿产价格上行、供应链乱局等麻烦，但还不至于出现“一刀切”的产业坍塌，毕竟绕道交易以及其他贸易路径可能依旧存在。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最终，能否取得成功，或许还是取决于世界上其他“中间国家”是否配合哪一方。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 443, "txt": "最终，能否取得成功，或许还是取决于世界上其他“中间国家”是否配合哪一方。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[42]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大这次的禁令也让日本、荷兰等深度参与半导体供应链、与美国关系密切的国家意识到，如果它们允许对美“迂回供货”，就可能被东大盯上乃至反制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 444, "txt": "东大这次的禁令也让日本、荷兰等深度参与半导体供应链、与美国关系密切的国家意识到，如果它们允许对美“迂回供货”，就可能被东大盯上乃至反制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[42]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然东大要真正做到全程监控还很困难，但并不妨碍它在舆论或外交层面先行施压。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 445, "txt": "虽然东大要真正做到全程监控还很困难，但并不妨碍它在舆论或外交层面先行施压。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[42]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国则同样需要盟国（特别是像加拿大、澳大利亚这样的矿业大国）填补本土缺口，否则也难以在先进制造领域延续下游优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 446, "txt": "美国则同样需要盟国（特别是像加拿大、澳大利亚这样的矿业大国）填补本土缺口，否则也难以在先进制造领域延续下游优势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[42]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来观察信号与可能出现的走向", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 448, "txt": "未来观察信号与可能出现的走向", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[43]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "若东大继续扩大现有出口禁令，对更多矿物下手，无疑将对美国工业尤其是国防安全造成冲击。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 450, "txt": "若东大继续扩大现有出口禁令，对更多矿物下手，无疑将对美国工业尤其是国防安全造成冲击。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果特朗普政府选择再掀关税战，并进一步收紧芯片供应链的“围堵”，东大也会更“凶猛”地动用“资源武器”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 451, "txt": "如果特朗普政府选择再掀关税战，并进一步收紧芯片供应链的“围堵”，东大也会更“凶猛”地动用“资源武器”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "近期来看，石墨是东大手里一张潜在王牌，占据全球绝对主导地位，且在电动车和工业制造方面至关重要，一旦被禁，价格上涨和供应链动荡几乎可以肯定。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 452, "txt": "近期来看，石墨是东大手里一张潜在王牌，占据全球绝对主导地位，且在电动车和工业制造方面至关重要，一旦被禁，价格上涨和供应链动荡几乎可以肯定。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一可能是钛：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 453, "txt": "另一可能是钛：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东大在钛资源和加工领域也有不小优势，而钛对美国军工业的意义同样重大。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 454, "txt": "东大在钛资源和加工领域也有不小优势，而钛对美国军工业的意义同样重大。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "值得一提的是，东大也曾就是否限制一项颇具竞争力、目前只在东大有成熟产线的电池技术进行过政策讨论，尽管从安全角度看，这项电池技术对军工意义不大，但若真限制，将会拉大东大与美欧车厂在电池性能上的差距。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 456, "txt": "值得一提的是，东大也曾就是否限制一项颇具竞争力、目前只在东大有成熟产线的电池技术进行过政策讨论，尽管从安全角度看，这项电池技术对军工意义不大，但若真限制，将会拉大东大与美欧车厂在电池性能上的差距。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从更广泛的层面上说，若东大选择继续严格限制稀土及其磁体，那么对美国乃至全球的工业和国防都会带来持久性麻烦。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 457, "txt": "从更广泛的层面上说，若东大选择继续严格限制稀土及其磁体，那么对美国乃至全球的工业和国防都会带来持久性麻烦。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "稀土元素本就极其“小众”，但几乎在每一件精密设备中都有应用，从电动车、手机到激光器、夜视仪，以至AI芯片都离不开它们。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 458, "txt": "稀土元素本就极其“小众”，但几乎在每一件精密设备中都有应用，从电动车、手机到激光器、夜视仪，以至AI芯片都离不开它们。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管美国国防部一直在推动稀土磁材生产往本土或盟国布局，但由于供应链冗长，且东大依旧牢牢把持主要环节，一旦东大全力断供，局面尚难有快速解法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 459, "txt": "尽管美国国防部一直在推动稀土磁材生产往本土或盟国布局，但由于供应链冗长，且东大依旧牢牢把持主要环节，一旦东大全力断供，局面尚难有快速解法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在此情景下，美国必须大幅加速本土和盟友国的矿山审批、融资等环节，解除地方层面和环保方面的桎梏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 461, "txt": "在此情景下，美国必须大幅加速本土和盟友国的矿山审批、融资等环节，解除地方层面和环保方面的桎梏。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在特朗普政府可能更偏向“本土开采”的思路下，无论资源禀赋、地方政府阻力还是上市审批，都会带来诸多挑战，最终可能还是离不开盟友的合作与分工。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "在特朗普政府可能更偏向“本土开采”的思路下，无论资源禀赋、地方政府阻力还是上市审批，都会带来诸多挑战，最终可能还是离不开盟友的合作与分工。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从更长远看，美国也需要加快发展那些对东大垄断矿物依赖度更低甚至无依赖的新技术，才能从根本上消弭东大的“掐脖子”风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 463, "txt": "从更长远看，美国也需要加快发展那些对东大垄断矿物依赖度更低甚至无依赖的新技术，才能从根本上消弭东大的“掐脖子”风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可在这个科技转型完成之前，美国对东大高端技术的封锁，很可能还会遭遇东大阶段性乃至更猛烈的矿产供应反制，让美国国内产业以及伙伴国家跟着一起“疼”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 464, "txt": "可在这个科技转型完成之前，美国对东大高端技术的封锁，很可能还会遭遇东大阶段性乃至更猛烈的矿产供应反制，让美国国内产业以及伙伴国家跟着一起“疼”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最终结果如何，既要看华盛顿的国际协调实力，也要看东大自身“上游”优势的可持续性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 466, "txt": "最终结果如何，既要看华盛顿的国际协调实力，也要看东大自身“上游”优势的可持续性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无论如何，更深入的国际合作、多元化布局与“降低风险”都已成为美国对外政策与工业应对的当务之急。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 467, "txt": "无论如何，更深入的国际合作、多元化布局与“降低风险”都已成为美国对外政策与工业应对的当务之急。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这将是未来数年里指引全球科技、产业与地缘经济走向的关键主题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 468, "txt": "这将是未来数年里指引全球科技、产业与地缘经济走向的关键主题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/02/rocks-vs-chips?lang=en", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 470, "txt": "https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/02/rocks-vs-chips?lang=en", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/blockquote/p/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "                        出口管制合规研究                      ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 472, "txt": "\n                        出口管制合规研究                      ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}
# 矿石对决芯片：中美如何在高科技领域展开竞争
## 为什么东大不断加强的矿物出口限制对政府和企业都至关重要
## 背景：这场“双向”出口管制之争
### 1、华盛顿的“技术封锁”
### 2、东大的非对称出口管制
## 限制带来的潜在影响，以及供应多元化的机会
## 对大国竞争与产业实力的意义
## 未来观察信号与可能出现的走向