For instance, the teammates’ displacement synchronization, computed through the relative phase [11], have been used to assess the dynamic players’ interpersonal coordination [13,14].
Football is played between two opposing teams where players interact directly, indirectly and concurrently to achieve an objective that involves scoring goals while simultaneously preventing the opposition from scoring [10,11]. In this sense, football is composed of individuals who coordinate their movements and develop cooperative relations to outcompete their opponents [12]. Having this theoretical knowledge as a base ground, a set of metrics have already been developed to incorporate a wide range of complex behaviors and explore how these impact and be impacted by group structures. For instance, the teammates’ displacement synchronization, computed through the relative phase [11], have been used to assess the dynamic players’ interpersonal coordination [13,14]. Preliminary results have shown that, by being more synchronized in positioning with teammates, players decreased their physical and physiological responses during the game [13]. Also, advances in knowledge have been made through the increased variety of processing techniques to assess regularities between whole teams and between individual players with their team as a function of time [15,16]. Entropy computations have been used to identify if individuals’ positioning dynamics express a predictable pattern which may, in turn, provide insights about the local information sources that are being used in movement decisions [17].