Belgium
ben cahoon
Dukes1

26 Jun 1548 - 25 Oct 1555 Charles III (b. 1500 - d. 1558)

26 Jun 1548 - 25 Oct 1555 Maria von Habsburg (f) -Regent (b. 1505 - d. 1558)

25 Oct 1555 - 16 Jan 1556 Philip V (b. 1527 - d. 1556)

16 Jan 1556 - 16 Nov 1700 the kings of Spain

- in Hainaut/Henegouwen and Namur/Namen -

16 Nov 1700 - 2 Jan 1712 Philippe (b. 1683 - d. 1746)

(= Felipe V of Spain)

May 1712 - 8 May 1713 Maximilien Emmanuel (b. 1662 - d. 1726)

(= Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria)

8 May 1713 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles (b. 1685 - d. 1740)

(= Karl III of Austria)

- Limburg/Limbourg -

16 Nov 1700 - 6 Dec 1703 Philippe (s.a.)

6 Dec 1703 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles (s.a.)

- in Brabant -

16 Nov 1700 - 5 Jun 1706 Philippe (s.a.)

5 Jun 1706 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles (s.a.)

- Flanders/Vlaanderen -

16 Nov 1700 - 6 Jun 1706 Philippe (s.a.)

6 Jun 1706 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles (s.a.)

- in Malines, Upper Gelder (to Prussia 1713), Tournai, West-Flanders

and from 1711, Hainaut (under titular sovereignty of Charles to Feb 1716) -

12 Sep 1703 - 22 Aug 1718 Conference of the High Powers

- John Churchill, Duke of (b. 1650 - d. 1722)

Marlborough (U.K.) (to 1707)

- William Cadogan (U.K.) (1707-1710) (b. 1675 - d. 1726) - Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery (b. 1676 - d. 1731)

(U.K.)(from 1710)

- Frederik Adriaan Baron van Reede, (b. 1659 - d. 1738)

Baron van Renswoude (to 1708)

(United Netherlands)

- Johan van den Bergh (from 1708) (b. 1664 - d. 1755)

(United Netherlands)

- all of the Southern Netherlands -

22 Aug 1718 - 17 Oct 1797 the rulers of Austria

(interrupted by invasions and occupations listed [s.b.])

Governors-general

26 Jun 1548 - 25 Oct 1555 Maria von Habsburg (f) (s.a.)

25 Oct 1555 - 27 Jul 1559 Emmanuele Filiberto, duca di Savoia (b. 1528 - d. 1580)

27 Jul 1559 - 30 Dec 1567 Margarita, duquesa de Parma (f) (b. 1522 - d. 1586)

30 Dec 1567 - 29 Nov 1573 Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, (b. 1507 - d. 1582)

duque de Alba

7 Jul 1572 - 8 Nov 1576 Willem, graaf van Nassau, (b. 1533 - d. 1584)

prince d'Orange (in rebellion)

29 Nov 1573 - 5 Mar 1576 Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga (b. 1528 - d. 1576)

5 Mar 1576 - 31 Jul 1576 Gerónimo de Roda

+ Philippe de Croy, duc de Aërschot (b. 1526 - d. 1595)

(acting)

31 Jul 1576 - 3 Nov 1576 Charles Philippe de Croy, (b. 1549 - d. 1613)

marquis de Havré (acting)

3 Nov 1576 - 1 Oct 1578 Juan de Austria (b. 1547 - d. 1578)

(acting to 6 May 1577 in Luxembourg)

20 Jan 1578 - 15 Mar 1580 Matthias Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1557 - d. 1619)

1 Oct 1578 - 6 Dec 1592 Alessandro Farnese, duca di Parma (b. 1545 - d. 1592)

Jun 1580 - Nov 1581 Margarita, duquesa de Parma (f) (s.a.)

(co-ruler, in Namur)

26 Jan 1581 - 26 Jul 1581 Francis Hercule, duc d'Anjou (b. 1555 - d. 1584)

et d'Alençon (in dissidence)

(Prince Souverain des Pays-Bas)

1592 - Feb 1594 Peter Ernst Graf von Mansfeld- (b. 1517 - d. 1604)

Heldrungen (acting to 6 Dec 1592)

Feb 1594 - 12 Feb 1595 Ernst Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1553 - d. 1595)

12 Feb 1595 - 1596 Pedro Enríquez de Azevedo, (b. 1525 - d. 1610)

conde de Fuentes (interim)

1596 - 1598 Albrecht Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1559 - d. 1621)

1598 - 6 May 1598 Andreas Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1558 - d. 1600)

6 May 1598 - 1 Dec 1633 Isabella Clara Eugenia de España (f) (b. 1566 - d. 1633)

(Princesse Souveraine des Pays-Bas to 13 Jul 1621)

5 Sep 1599 - 13 Jul 1621 Albrecht Erzherzog von Osterreich (b. 1559 - d. 1621)

(Prince Souverain des Pays-Bas)

29 Nov 1621 - 1634 Francisco de Moncada, marqués (b. 1586 - d. 1635)

de Aytona (interim from 1633)

1634 - 9 Nov 1641 Fernando, Arzobispo de Toledo (b. 1609 - d. 1641)

1641 - 1644 Francisco Melo de Portugal y Castro (b. 1597 - d. 1651)

marqués de Villanueva 1644 - 1647 Emanuel de Moura y Corte-Real, (b. c.1590 - d. 1651)

marqués de Castel Rodrigo

1647 - 1656 Leopold Wilhelm Erzherzog von (b. 1614 - d. 1662)

Österreich

1656 - Mar 1659 Juan José d'Austria (b. 1629 - d. 1679)

1659 - Sep 1664 Luis de Benavides Carrillo de (b. 1608 - d. 1668)

Toldedo, marqués de Caracena 1664 - Sep 1668 Francisco de Moura-Cortereal, (b. 1610 - d. 1675)

marqués da Castel Rodrigo

1668 - Jul 1670 Íñigo Melchor Fernández de Valesco (b. 1629 - d. 1696)

y Guzmán, duque de Feria

1670 - Feb 1675 Juan Domingo de Zúñiga y Fonseca, (b. 1640 - d. 1716)

conde de Monterrey

1675 - Dec 1677 Carlos de Aragón de Gurrea y Borja, (b. 1634 - d. 1692)

duque de Villahermosa

1678 - 1682 Alessandro Farnese de Parma (b. 1635 - d. 1689)

1682 - 19 Jun 1685 Ottone Enrico del Carretto, (b. 1639 - d. 1685)

conte di Millesimo 1685 - 1692 Francisco Antonio de Agurto, (b. 1640 - d. 1702)

marques de Gastañaga

1692 - 23 Mar 1701 Kurfürst Maximilian II von Bayern (b. 1662 - d. 1726)

(1st time)

23 Mar 1701 - 7 Oct 1704 Jan van Brouchoven Graf van (b. 1644 - d. 1725)

Bergeyck

7 Oct 1704 - Jul 1706 Kurfürst Maximilian II von Bayern (s.a.)

(2nd time)

Administrators-general (governors of Limburg + Liège)

22 Oct 1703 - 1705 Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Graf (b. 1671 - d. 1742)

Sinzendorff und Thannhausen

(1st time)

19 Oct 1705 - 1707 Johann Peter Graf von Goëss (b. 1667 - d. 1716)

6 Nov 1707 - Jul 1709 Francisco Bernardo de Quiros (b. 1650 - d. 1709)

23 Jul 1709 - 25 Feb 1710 Johann Wenzel Graf von Gallas (b. 1670 - d. 1719) 25 Feb 1710 - 27 Oct 1713 Franz Adolf Freiherr von Zinzerling (d. 1718)

(Sinzerling)(substitute)

27 Oct 1713 - 14 Dec 1713 Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Graf (s.a.)

Sinzendorff und Thannhausen

(2nd time)

Governors (of Limburg)

14 Dec 1713 - 1714 Georg Freiherr Tunderfeld (b. 1678 - d. 1748)

17 Mar 1714 - 31 Jan 1716 Franz Sigismund Graf Thurn und (b. 1662 - d. 1726)

Valsassina

Governors-general

31 Jan 1716 - Nov 1716 Joseph Lothar Dominik Graf von (b. 1673 - d. 1751)

Königsegg-Rothenfels (acting)

Nov 1716 - 1717 Ercole Giuseppe Luigi Turinetti (b. 1658 - d. 1726)

marchese di Prié (acting)

1717 - Dec 1724 François Eugéne (Eugenio) prince de (b. 1663 - d. 1736)

Savoie-Soissons

(= Eugen Prinz von Savoyen)

Dec 1724 - 9 Oct 1725 Wirich Philipp Lorenz Graf Dhaun (b. 1669 - d. 1741)

(acting)

9 Oct 1725 - 26 Aug 1741 Maria Elisabeth Erzherzogin von (b. 1680 - d. 1741)

Österreich (f)

26 Aug 1741 - 16 Mar 1743 Friedrich August Gervas Graf Harrach (b. 1696 - d. 1749)

zu Rohrau (acting)

16 Mar 1743 - 8 Jan 1744 Karl Ferdinand Graf von Königsegg- (b. 1696 - d. 1759)

Erps (acting) 8 Jan 1744 - 16 Mar 1746 Karl Alexander Prinz von Lothringen (b. 1712 - d. 1780)

und Bar (1st time)

- jointly with -

8 Jan 1744 - 16 Dec 1744 Maria Anna Erzherzogin von (b. 1718 - d. 1744)

Österreich (f)French Military Governor

May 1745 - 18 Oct 1748 Moritz von Sachsen (Marurice de Saxe)(b. 1696 - d. 1750)

Governors-general

Oct 1748 - 23 Apr 1749 Karl Joseph Graf Batthyány (acting) (b. 1697 - d. 1772)

23 Apr 1749 - 4 Jul 1780 Karl Alexander Prinz von Lothringen (s.a.)

und Bar (2nd time)

28 Jun 1780 - Nov 1480 Georg Adam Fürst von Starhemberg (b. 1724 - d. 1807)

(acting)

Nov 1780 - Jun 1787 Marie Christine Johanna Josepha (b. 1742 - d. 1798)

Antonia Erzherzogin von

Österreich (f)(1st time)

- jointly with -

Nov 1780 - Jun 1787 Albert Kasimir August Prinz von (b. 1738 - d. 1822)

Sachsen-Teschen (1st time)

Jun 1787 - Nov 1787 Joseph Graf Murray (acting) (b. 1718 - d. 1802)

Military governor

Nov 1787 - 12 Dec 1789 Richard Graf Alton (b. 1732 - d. 1790)

Commander of the Patriotic Army

24 Oct 1789 - 11 Jan 1790 Jan Frans Vonck (b. 1743 - d. 1792)

Plenipotentiary of the People of Brabant

24 Oct 1789 - 11 Jan 1790 Hendrik Karel Nicolaas van der Noot (b. 1731 - d. 1827)

Presidents of the Sovereign Congress of the Belgian States

11 Jan 1790 - Mar 1790 François Corneille de Nélis (b. 1736 - d. 1798)

Mar 1790 - Apr 1790 Amour Joseph Philippe Charles Taye, (b. 1738 - d. 1792)

marquis de Wemmel (1st time)

Apr 1790 Philippe Joseph, baron de Néverlée (b. 1749 - d. 1829)

de Baulet

Apr 1790 - May 1790 Louis-Joseph de Haveskercke (b. 1736 - d. 1812)

May 1790 Bonaventure Hyacinthe Joseph de (b. 1755 - d. 1831) Bousies (1st time)

May 1790 Amour Joseph Philippe Charles Taye, (s.a.)

marquis de Wemmel (2nd time)

May 1790 - Jun 1790 Bonaventure Hyacinthe Joseph de (s.a.)

Bousies (2nd time)

Jun 1790 - Jul 1790 Charles Joseph de Grave (b. 1736 - d. 1805)

Jul 1790 - Aug 1790 Jean François Gendebien (b. 1753 - d. 1838)

Aug 1790 - Sep 1790 François Ignace van der Meersch (b. 1750 - d. 1825)

Sep 1790 - Oct 1790 Ignace Joseph de La Saulx de (b. 1734 - d. 1805)

Gulchen, seigneur de Ravede et

Sainte-Marie

Oct 1790 - Nov 1790 Baptiste François Xavier Hyacinthe, (b. 1737 - d. 1815)

comte de Baillet

8 Nov 1790 - Nov 1790 Hendrik Herman Werner Frans Anton (b. 1738 - d. 1811)

van Crumpipen Nov 1790 - 2 Dec 1790 Petrus Johannes Simon Visbecque (b. 1744 - d. 1804)

van Eupen

Austrian Governors-general

6 Dec 1790 - Jun 1791 Florimond Claude Graf Mercy- (b. 1722 - d. 1794)

Argenteau (acting)

Jun 1791 - 19 Nov 1792 Marie Christine Johanna Josepha (s.a.)

Antonia Erzherzogin von

Österreich (f) (2nd time)

- jointly with -

Jun 1791 - 19 Nov 1792 Albert Kasimir August Prinz von (s.a.)

Sachsen-Teschen (2nd time)

Commanders of French forces

19 Nov 1792 - 29 Dec 1792 Charles François du Perrier (b. 1739 - d. 1823)

Dumouriez (1st time)

29 Dec 1792 - 2 Feb 1793 Francisco de Miranda (acting) (b. 1750 - d. 1816)

2 Feb 1793 - 9 Mar 1793 Charles François du Perrier (s.a.)

Dumouriez (2nd time)

Austrian Governors-general

9 Mar 1793 - 26 Mar 1793 Franz Karl Johann Nepomuk, Graf (b. 1746 - d. 1818)

von Metternich zu Winneburg (acting)

26 Mar 1793 - 2 Aug 1794 Karl Ludwig Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1771 - d. 1847)

French Commander

27 Jul 1794 - 15 Oct 1794 Jean Charles Pichegru (b. 1761 - d. 1804)

(from 9 Feb 1794, commander of the Armée du Nord)

Presidents of the Central and Superior Administration of Belgium

(Président de l'administration centrale et supérieure de la Belgique)

Oct 1794 - Dec 1794 Jacques Laurent Béthune (b. 1713 - d. 1799)

Dec 1794 - Jan 1795 Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts (b. 1753 - d. 1823)

(1st time)

Jan 1795 - Feb 1795 Jean Baptiste Joseph Delabuisse (b. 1754 - d. 1809)

Feb 1795 - Mar 1795 Charles Lambert Doutrepont (b. 1746 - d. 1809)

Mar 1795 - Apr 1795 Antoine Delval-Lagache (b. 1748 - d. 1823)

Apr 1795 - May 1795 Jacques Guillaume Meyer (b. 1760 - d. 1805)

May 1795 - Jun 1795 Henri Denier

Jun 1795 - Jul 1795 Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts (s.a.)

(2nd time)

Jul 1795 - Aug 1795 Nicolas Bonaventure (b. 1753 - d. 1831)

Aug 1795 - Sep 1795 Charles Louis Michel

29 Sep 1795 - Oct 1795 Jacques Joseph Chapel

Chairmen of council of government

13 Oct 1795 - 27 Oct 1795 Julien Urbain François Marie Riel (b. 1757 - d. 1816)

Lefebvre de Nantes

+ Jacques Charles Giroust (b. 1749 - d. 1836)

Oct 1795 - 22 Nov 1795 Louis François René Portiez de (b. 1756 - d. 1810)

l'Oise

+ Emmanuel Pérès de la Haute-Garone (b. 1752 - d. 1833)

+ Claude Roberjot (did not arrive) (b. 1752 - d. 1799)

French Commissioner of the Directory 22 Nov 1795 - 20 Jan 1797 Louis Ghislain de Bouteville-Dumetz (b. 1746 - d. 1821)

1 Oct 1795 - 30 Jan 1814 Annexed to France (see departments below)

Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)

30 Jan 1814 - 11 Feb 1814 Allied Military Commanders

- Karl August Herzog von Sachsen- (b. 1757 - d. 1828)

Weimar

- Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von (b. 1755 - d. 1816)

Bülow, Graf von Dennewitz

- Ferdinand Freiherr von (b. 1770 - d. 1818)

Wintzigerode

11 Feb 1814 - 18 Mar 1814 Allied Commissioners

- Justus Adolf Philipp Wilhelm (b. 1774 - d. 1845)

Ludwig Freiherr von Wolzogen

(to 15 Feb 1814)

- Leopold Hermann Ludwig von Boyen (b. 1771 - d. 1848)

(to 15 Feb 1814)

- Daniel Heinrich Delius (b. 1773 - d. 1832)

(from 15 Feb 1814)

- Carl Friedrich Heinrich Graf von (b. 1767 - d. 1841)

Wylich und Lottum (from 15 Feb 1814) 15 Feb 1814 - 19 Mar 1814 Frédéric Auguste Alexandre, duc de (b. 1751 - d. 1817)

Beaufort-Spontin, duc et comte

princier de Beaufort-Spontin,

marquis de Spontin, de Florennes et

de Courcelles, comte de Beauraing

15 Feb 1814 - 18 Feb 1814 Eugène Jean-Baptiste, comte de (b. 1741 - d. 1820)

Robiano

(acting for absent Beaufort-Spontin)

19 Mar 1814 - 5 May 1814 August Friedrich Karl Hermann (b. 1780 - d. 1861)

Freiherr von der Horst 5 May 1814 - 31 Jul 1814 Nicholas-Charles, baron de Vincent (b. 1757 - d. 1834)

(= Nikolaus Karl Freiherr von Vincent)

(Gouverneur-général pour les Alliés

de la Belgique et du pays de Liége)

1 Aug 1814 - 16 Mar 1815 Willem Frederik van Oranje-Nassau, (b. 1772 - d. 1843)

Souverein Vorst der Verenigde

Nederlanden

did not take office in person,

delegated his authority to his

representative:

Godert Alexander Gerard Philip,

baron van der Capellen, heer van (b. 1778 - d. 1848)

Berkenwoude en Agterbroek 16 Mar 1815 - 4 Oct 1830 incorporation into Kingdom of Netherlands

24 Sep 1830 - 25 Feb 1831 Administrative Commission (from 26 Sep

1830, Provisional Government)

- Emmanuel Constant Prismes (b. 1782 - d. 1866) Con

Ghislain van der Linden,

baron d'Hooghvorst, comte de

Hornbeéck (to 14 Feb 1831)

- Charles Latour Rogier (b. 1800 - d. 1885) Lib

(signs as chairman on 25 Sep 1830, but never again)

- Philippe Félix Balthazar Othon (b. 1791 - d. 1857) Con

Ghislain, comte de Mérode

(from 26 Sep 1830)

- Alexandre Joseph Célestin (b. 1789 - d. 1869) Lib

Gendebien (from 26 Sep 1830)

- Jean Sylvain van de Weyer (b. 1802 - d. 1874) Lib

(from 26 Sep 1830)

- André Édouard Jolly (b. 1799 - d. 1831) Mil

- Feuillen Charles Marie Joseph, (b. 1800 - d. 1887) Con

baron de Coppin de Falaën

- Joseph van der Linden(Vanderlinden)(b. 1798 - d. 1877) Lib

- Louis Joseph Antoine de Potter (b. 1786 - d. 1859) Con

(28 Sep - 13 Nov 1830)

- Joseph Nicolay (Nicolaï) (b. 1798? - d. 1842)

(25 Sep - 10 Oct 1830)

5 Oct 1830 - 26 Oct 1830 Willem Frederik, prins van Oranje- (b. 1792 - d. 1849)

Nassau (Netherlands provisional Governor-

general of Southern provinces; in Antwerp)

Regent

25 Feb 1831 - 21 Jul 1831 Érasme Louis, baron Surlet de (b. 1769 - d. 1839) Lib

Chokier

Kings2

21 Jul 1831 - 10 Dec 1865 Léopold I (b. 1790 - d. 1865)

(king-elect from 4 Jun 1831)

10 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1865 Charles Latour Rogier (s.a.) PL

(acting Head of State)

17 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1909 Léopold II (b. 1835 - d. 1909)

(also in Congo 29 May 1885 - 15 Nov 1908)

17 Dec 1909 - 23 Dec 1909 Frans Victor Marie Ghislain (b. 1851 - d. 1917) CP

Schollaert (acting Head of State)

23 Dec 1909 - 17 Feb 1934 Albert I (b. 1875 - d. 1934)

(at La Panne, Belgium Oct 1914 - 21 Nov 1918)

German Military Commanders

4 Aug 1914 - 2 Sep 1914 Alexander Heinrich Rudolf von Kluck (b. 1846 - d. 1934) Mil

(commander 1st Armee)

+ Karl Wilhelm Paul von Bülow (b. 1846 - d. 1921) Mil

(commander 2nd Armee)

+ Max Clemens Lothar Freiherr von (b. 1846 - d. 1922) Mil

Hausen (commander 3rd Armee)

Governors-general for the Imperial German General Government of Belgium

(Generalgouverneur für das Kaiserlich Deutsche Generalgouvernement Belgien)

2 Sep 1914 - 3 Dec 1914 Wilhelm Leopold Colmar Freiherr (b. 1843 - d. 1916) Mil

von der Goltz

3 Dec 1914 - 18 Apr 1917 Moritz Ferdinand Freiherr von (b. 1844 - d. 1917) Mil

Bissing

18 Apr 1917 - 3 May 1917 Johann "Hans" von Zwehl (acting) (b. 1851 - d. 1926) Mil

3 May 1917 - 11 Nov 1918 Ludwig Alexander Friedrich August (b. 1844 - d. 1936) Mil

Philipp Freiherr von Falkenhausen

King2

17 Feb 1934 - 23 Feb 1934 Charles Marie Pierre Albert, (b. 1860 - d. 1940) CP

comte de Broqueville

(acting Head of State)

23 Feb 1934 - 27 May 1940 Léopold III (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1983)

(German prisoner 27 May 1940 - 8 May 1945)

German Military Commanders

10 May 1940 - 31 May 1940 Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (b. 1875 - d. 1953) Mil

(commander-in-chief Heeresgruppe A)

+ Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich (b. 1880 - d. 1945) Mil

Fedor von Bock

(commander-in-chief Heeresgruppe B) German Military Governor (Militärbefehlshaber in Belgien und Nordfrankreich)

1 Jun 1940 - 18 Jul 1944 Alexander Ernst Alfred Hermann (b. 1878 - d. 1966) Mil

Freiherr von Falkenhausen

(military governor for occupied Netherlands and Belgium

to 29 May 1940, then for Belgium and Northern France) Reich Commissioner for the occupied territories of Belgium and Northern France (Reichskommissar für die besetzten Gebiete von Belgien und Nordfrankreich)

18 Jul 1944 - 3 Sep 1944 Josef Grohé (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 1987) NSDAP

Dec 1944 - Jan 1945 Josef Grohé (2nd time) (s.a.) NSDAP

Allied Military Commanders

3 Sep 1944 - 21 Sep 1944 Omar Nelson Bradley (U.S.) (b. 1893 - d. 1981) Mil

(commanding general 12th Army Group)

+ Bernard Law Montgomery (U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1976) Mil

(general officer commanding-in-chief 21st Army Group)

Kings28 Sep 1944 - 21 Sep 1944 Hubert Marie Eugène Pierlot (b. 1883 - d. 1963) PCS-KVV (acting Head of State) 21 Sep 1944 - 16 Jul 1951 Léopold III (2nd time) (s.a.) (German prisoner to 8 May 1945; then in

Switzerland exile 8 May 1945 - 22 Jul 1950)

21 Sep 1944 - 20 Jul 1950 Charles Théodore Henri Antoine (b. 1903 - d. 1983) Meinrad, comte de Flandre,prince de Belgique -Regent 11 Aug 1950 - 16 Jul 1951 Baudouin Albert Charles Léopold (b. 1930 - d. 1993) Axel Marie Gustave, duc de Brabant, prince de Belgique -Regent

(exercising royal functions) 16 Jul 1951 - 17 Jul 1951 Clovis Louis Marie Emmanuel Joseph (b. 1884 - d. 1968) CVP-PSC Pholien (acting Head of State) 17 Jul 1951 - 31 Jul 1993 Baudouin I (s.a.) (declared incapacitated at own request, 4-5 Apr 1990) 4 Apr 1990 - 5 Apr 1990 Wilfried Martens (b. 1936 - d. 2013) CVP (acting Head of State) 31 Jul 1993 - 9 Aug 1993 Jean-Luc Joseph Marie Dehaene (b. 1940 - d. 2014) CVP (acting Head of State) 9 Aug 1993 - 21 Jul 2013 Albert II (b. 1934) 21 Jul 2013 Elio di Rupo (acting Head of State) (b. 1951) PS

21 Jul 2013 - Philippe (b. 1960)

Presidents of the Supreme Council of the Netherlands (in Vienna)

1 Apr 1717 - 25 Jun 1729 José Ceverio Folch de Cardona, (b. 1651 - d. 1729)

Príncipe de Cardona Erill y Borja

25 Jun 1729 - 20 Nov 1740 Juan Antonio de Baxador, vizconde

de Roccaberti, conde de Savalla (b. 1673 - d. 1743)

(acting to Aug 1729)

20 Nov 1740 - 12 Dec 1740 Karl Ferdinand Graf von Königsegg- (s.a.)

Erps (acting)

12 Dec 1740 - 1757 Manoel Téllez de Menezes e Castro, (b. 1696 - d. 1771)

duque de Sylva, conde de Tarouca

1757 - 31 Mar 1757 Melchior Relles Girón, marqués de (d. 1763)

Pacheco (acting)

French Intendant of Justice, Police et Finances

May 1745 - 18 Oct 1748 Jean Moreau de Séchelles (b. 1690 - d. 1760)

Joint Provisional Government-general of the Netherlands

Oct 1748 - 23 Apr 1749 Leopold Philipp Carl Joseph Herzog (b. 1690 - d. 1754)

von Arenberg Herzog von Aërschot

und Croy

+ Augustin Dieudonné de Steenhault (b. 1672 - d. 1758)

+ Ambroise-Joseph, marquis de (b. 1680 - d. 1759)

Herzelles + Herman de Crumpipen

+ Jean Daniel Antoine Scockart, (b. 1698 - d. 1756)

comte de Thirimont

Niederländischer Referendar (in Vienna)

1 Apr 1757 - 27 Apr 1766 Johann Anton Jakob van Dorn (b. 1722 - d. 1766)

27 Apr 1766 - 20 Oct 1766 Vacant

Conductor of the Netherlands departments (in Vienna)

20 Oct 1766 - 1 Mar 1793 August Gottlob Freiherr von Lederer (b. 1723 - d. 1795)

Prime minister of the Belgian States

11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790 Hendrik Karel Nicolaas van der Noot (s.a.)

Hofrat der Niederländischen Hofkanzlei (in Vienna)

1 Mar 1793 - 5 Sep 1795 August Gottlob Freiherr von Lederer (s.a.)

Chief secretary of the Belgian States Secretariat

1 Aug 1814 - Sep 1815 Pieter Lodewijk Joseph Servaes

van Gobbelschroy (b. 1784 - d. 1850)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

26 Feb 1831 - 27 Feb 1831 Albert Joseph Goblet (1st time) (b. 1790 - d. 1873) Uni/Lib 27 Feb 1831 - 15 Mar 1831 Étienne Constantin de Gerlache (b. 1785 - d. 1871) Uni/Con Cabinet Chiefs

15 Mar 1831 - 23 Mar 1831 Étienne Constantin de Gerlache (s.a.) Uni/Con 23 Mar 1831 - 26 Jul 1831 Jean Louis Joseph Lebeau (1st time) (b. 1794 - d. 1865) Uni/Lib 26 Jul 1831 - 17 Sep 1832 Félix Armand, comte de Mûelenaere (b. 1794 - d. 1862) Uni/Con 17 Sep 1832 - 20 Oct 1832 Albert Joseph Goblet (2nd time) (s.a.) Uni/Lib (acting)

20 Oct 1832 - 4 Aug 1834 Charles Latour Rogier (1st time) (s.a.) Uni/Lib

4 Aug 1834 - 18 Apr 1840 Barthélemy Théodore, chevalier (b. 1794 - d. 1874) Uni/Con

de Theux de Meylandt (1st time)

(from 18 Mar 1840, Barthélemy Théodore,

comte de Theux de Meylandt)

18 Apr 1840 - 13 Apr 1841 Jean Louis Joseph Lebeau (2nd time) (s.a.) Uni/Lib

13 Apr 1841 - 30 Jul 1845 Jean Baptiste, baron Nothomb (b. 1805 - d. 1881) Uni/Con

30 Jul 1845 - 31 Mar 1846 Jean Sylvain van de Weyer (s.a.) Uni/Con

31 Mar 1846 - 12 Aug 1847 Barthélemy Théodore, comte (s.a.) CP

de Theux de Meylandt (2nd time)

12 Aug 1847 - 31 Oct 1852 Charles Latour Rogier (2nd time) (s.a.) PL

31 Oct 1852 - 30 Mar 1855 Henri Ghislain Joseph Marie de (b. 1801 - d. 1891) PL

Brouckère 30 Mar 1855 - 9 Nov 1857 Pierre Jacques François de Decker (b. 1812 - d. 1891) CP

10 Nov 1857 - 3 Jan 1868 Charles Latour Rogier (3rd time) (s.a.) PL

3 Jan 1868 - 2 Jul 1870 Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban (b. 1812 - d. 1896) PL

(1st time)

3 Jul 1870 - 7 Dec 1871 Jules Joseph, baron d'Anethan (b. 1803 - d. 1888) CP

7 Dec 1871 - 21 Aug 1874 Barthélemy Théodore, comte de Theux (s.a.) CP

de Meylandt (3rd time)

21 Aug 1874 - 18 Jun 1878 Jules Édouard François Xavier Malou (b. 1810 - d. 1886) CP

(1st time)

19 Jun 1878 - 16 Jun 1884 Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban (s.a.) PL

(2nd time)

16 Jun 1884 - 26 Oct 1884 Jules Édouard François Xavier Malou (s.a.) CP

(2nd time)

26 Oct 1884 - 26 Mar 1894 Auguste Marie François Beernaert (b. 1829 - d. 1912) CP

26 Mar 1894 - 25 Feb 1896 Jules Philippe Marie de Burlet (b. 1844 - d. 1897) CP

25 Feb 1896 - 24 Jan 1899 Paul Joseph de Smet de Nayer (b. 1843 - d. 1913) CP

(1st time)

24 Jan 1899 - 5 Aug 1899 Jules Henri Pierre François (b. 1843 - d. 1917) CP

Vandenpeereboom 5 Aug 1899 - 2 May 1907 Paul Joseph de Smet de Nayer (s.a.) CP

(from 26 May 1900, Paul, comte de Smet de Nayer)

(2nd time)

2 May 1907 - 31 Dec 1907 Julius Hendrik Maria Gislenus de (b. 1857 - d. 1907) CP

Trooz 31 Dec 1907 - 9 Jan 1908 Vacant

9 Jan 1908 - 17 Jun 1911 Frans Victor Marie Ghislain (s.a.) CP

Schollaert 17 Jun 1911 - 1 Jun 1918 Charles Marie Pierre Albert, (s.a.) CP

baron de Broqueville

(in exile 17 Aug - 7 Oct 1914 in Antwerp;

from 13 Oct 1914 in Le Havre, France)

2 Sep 1914 - 4 Jul 1917 Maximilian Karl von Sandt (b. 1861 - d. 1918) Non-party (chief of civil administration)

1 Jun 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 Gérard François Marie Cooreman (b. 1852 - d. 1926) CP

(in Le Havre, France exile) 4 Jul 1917 - 11 Nov 1918 Alexander Schaible (b. 1870 - d. 1933) Non-party

(verwaltungschef Flandern [chief of civil

administration of FlemishAdministrative Region], in Brussels) 4 Jul 1917 - 11 Nov 1918 Karl Haniel (b. 1877 - d. 1944) Non-party

(verwaltungschef Wallonie [chief of civil

administration of WalloonAdministrative Region], in Namur)

10 Nov 1918 - 16? Nov 1918 Hugo Freund (b. 1890 - d. 1974)

(chairman of Executive Committee of the Central

Soldiers' Council, in rebellion)

Prime ministers

21 Nov 1918 - 20 Nov 1920 Léon Frédéric Gustave Delacroix (b. 1867 - d. 1929) CP

20 Nov 1920 - 16 Dec 1921 Henri Victor Marie Ghislain, (b. 1869 - d. 1951) CP

comte Carton de Wiart 16 Dec 1921 - 13 May 1925 Georges Emile Pierre Léonard Theunis (b. 1873 - d. 1944) CP

(1st time)

13 May 1925 - 17 Jun 1925 Aloïs Jean-Marie Joseph van de (b. 1871 - d. 1961) CP

Vyvere 17 Jun 1925 - 20 May 1926 Prosper Antoine Marie Joseph, (b. 1871 - d. 1935) CP

vicomte Poullet

20 May 1926 - 5 Jun 1931 Henri Jaspar (b. 1870 - d. 1939) CP

5 Jun 1931 - 22 Oct 1932 Jules Laurent Jean-Louis Renkin (b. 1862 - d. 1934) CP

22 Oct 1932 - 20 Nov 1934 Charles Marie Pierre Albert, comte (s.a.) CP

de Broqueville

20 Nov 1934 - 25 Mar 1935 Georges Emile Pierre Léonard Theunis (s.a.) CP

(2nd time)

25 Mar 1935 - 24 Nov 1937 Paul Guillaume van Zeeland (b. 1893 - d. 1973) CP

24 Nov 1937 - 15 May 1938 Paul Émile Janson (b. 1872 - d. 1944) PL

15 May 1938 - 20 Feb 1939 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) POB-BWP

21 Feb 1939 - 12 Feb 1945 Hubert Marie Eugène Pierlot (s.a.) PCS-KVV

(in exile 25 May 1940 - 8 Sep 1944 [first

in France, from 25 Oct 1940 in London]) Presidents of the Committee of Secretaries-general (under occupation)

16 May 1940 - 2 Sep 1940 Alexandre Louis Joseph Delmer (b. 1879 - d. 1974) Non-party

(1st time)

3 Sep 1940 - 31 Jan 1941 Antoine Ernst, baron de Bunswyck (b. 1874 - d. 1943) Non-party 3 Feb 1941 - 31 Mar 1941 Alexandre Louis Joseph Delmer (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time) 4 Apr 1941 - 5 Sep 1944 Oscar Endé Plisnier (b. 1885 - d. 1952) Non-party 8 Dec 1944 - May 1945 Léon Degrelle (in Germany exile) (b. 1906 - d. 1994) Rex

(Reichsstatthalter Wallonien, Chef-du-Peuple Wallon) 15 Dec 1944 - May 1945 Jef Van de Wiele (in Germany exile) (b. 1902 - d. 1979) DeVlag

(Reichsstatthalter Flandern,

Landsleider van het Vlaamsche Volk)

Prime ministers

12 Feb 1945 - 13 Mar 1946 Achille Honoré van Acker (1st time) (b. 1898 - d. 1975) BSP-PSB

13 Mar 1946 - 31 Mar 1946 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (2nd time) (s.a.) BSP-PSB

31 Mar 1946 - 3 Aug 1946 Achille Honoré van Acker (2nd time) (s.a.) BSP-PSB

3 Aug 1946 - 20 Mar 1947 Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans (b. 1871 - d. 1968) BSP-PSB

20 Mar 1947 - 11 Aug 1949 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (3rd time) (s.a.) BSP-PSB

11 Aug 1949 - 8 Jun 1950 Gaston François Marie Eyskens (b. 1905 - d. 1988) CVP-PSC

(1st time)

8 Jun 1950 - 15 Aug 1950 Jean Pierre Armand Ghislain Marie (b. 1900 - d. 1977) CVP-PSC

Duvieusart 16 Aug 1950 - 15 Jan 1952 Clovis Louis Marie Emmanuel Joseph (s.a.) CVP-PSC

Pholien

15 Jan 1952 - 23 Apr 1954 Jean Marie Joseph van Houtte (b. 1907 - d. 1991) CVP-PSC

23 Apr 1954 - 26 Jun 1958 Achille Honoré van Acker (3rd time) (s.a.) BSP-PSB

26 Jun 1958 - 25 Apr 1961 Gaston François Marie Eyskens (s.a.) CVP-PSC

(2nd time)

25 Apr 1961 - 28 Jul 1965 Théodore Joseph Albéric Marie(b. 1914 - d. 1973) CVP-PSC

Lefèvre

28 Jul 1965 - 19 Mar 1966 Pierre Charles José Marie Harmel (b. 1911 - d. 2009) CVP-PSC

19 Mar 1966 - 17 Jun 1968 Paul Emile François Henri Vanden (b. 1919 - d. 2001) CVP-PSC

Boeynants (1st time)

17 Jun 1968 - 26 Jan 1973 Gaston François Marie Eyskens (s.a.) CVP

(3rd time)

26 Jan 1973 - 25 Apr 1974 Edmond Jules Isidore Leburton (b. 1915 - d. 1997) BSP-PSB

25 Apr 1974 - 20 Oct 1978 Léo Clemence Tindemans (b. 1922 - d. 2014) CVP

20 Oct 1978 - 3 Apr 1979 Paul Emile François Henri Vanden (s.a.) CVP

Boeynants (2nd time)

3 Apr 1979 - 6 Apr 1981 Wilfried Achiel Emma Martens (s.a.) CVP

(1st time)

6 Apr 1981 - 17 Dec 1981 Marc Maria Frans Eyskens (b. 1933) CVP

17 Dec 1981 - 7 Mar 1992 Wilfried Achiel Emma Martens (s.a.) CVP

(2nd time)

7 Mar 1992 - 12 Jul 1999 Jean-Luc Joseph Marie Dehaene (s.a.) CVP

12 Jul 1999 - 20 Mar 2008 Guy Maurice Marie-Louise Verhofstadt (b. 1953) VLD

20 Mar 2008 - 30 Dec 2008 Yves Camille Désiré Leterme (b. 1960) CD&V

(1st time)

30 Dec 2008 - 25 Nov 2009 Herman Achille Van Rompuy (b. 1947) CD&V

25 Nov 2009 - 6 Dec 2011 Yves Camille Désiré Leterme (s.a.) CD&V

(2nd time)

6 Dec 2011 - 11 Oct 2014 Elio Di Rupo (s.a.) PS

11 Oct 2014 - 27 Oct 2019 Charles Yves Jean Ghislaine Michel (b. 1975) MR

27 Oct 2019 - 1 Oct 2020 Sophie Wilmès (f) (b. 1975) MR

1 Oct 2020 - Alexander De Croo (b. 1975) O.VLD

Head, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) Mission (Belgium;

from 4 Apr 1945, Beligum and Luxembourg)

15 Sep 1944 - 15 Ju1 1945 George Watkin Eben James (b. 1899 - d. 1965) Mil

Erskine (U.K.)

¹Full style: Duke/Duchess of Lothier, Brabant, Limbourg, Gueldre and Luxembourg, Count/Countess of Flanders, Hainaut, Namur and Chiny, Lord/Lady of Malines and Tournai, Marquis/Marchioness of Anvers and of the Holy Roman Empire.

2Full style of the ruler: (a) from 21 Jul 1831: Roi des Belges (French); Koning der Belgen (Dutch: official from 25 May 1898); König der Belgier (German: from 11 Nov 1991)("King of the Belgians"). Under the constitution of the Kingdom of Belgium there was initially no official language, but French was legally authoritative; French and Dutch became official jointly from 25 May 1898, and text of the Constitution is official in German from 11 Nov 1991. A peculiarity of the Constitution of Belgium is the provision that "[the King] does not ascend the throne until he has taken the oath." Thus between a demise of the crown by death or abdication and the taking office of the next king the provisions for a vacancy or incapacity take over: "The constitutional powers of the King are exercised, in the name of the Belgian people, by the Ministers meeting in Council." The entity acting as head of state in these circumstances is thus the council of ministers.

Party abbreviations: CD&V = Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (Christian-Democratic and Flemish, christian-democratic, Flemish, ex-CVP, est.2001); MR = Mouvement Réformateur (Reformist Movement, social liberal, union of PFF, FDF [to 2011], PRL, and MCC, est.2002); O-VLD = Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten (Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats, 'Open VLD', conservative liberal, Flemish, former VLD, est.Feb 2007); PS = Parti Socialiste (Socialist Party, social-democratic, Francophone, ex-BSP, est.1978);Mil = Military; - Former parties: BSP-PSB = Parti Socialiste Belge/Belgische Socialistische Partij (Belgian Socialist Party, 1945-1980, divided into PS and SP); CDH = Centre Démocrate Humaniste (Humanist Democratic Center, Francophone, centrist, Francophone, former PSC, 2002-17 Mar 2022, renamed Les Engagés); Con = Conservative (19th century conservative);CP = Confessionnel Catholique Parti/Confessionele Katholieke Partij (Confessional Catholic Party, 1869-1921, then as Union Catholique/Katholieke Unie [Catholic Union], catholic, conservative, 1921-1936); CVP = Christelijke Volkspartij (Christian People's Party, Flemish, christian-democratic, Flanders, 1968-2001, renamed CD&V); CVP-PSC = Christelijke Volkspartij/Parti Social-chrétien (Christian People's Party-Social Christian Party, 1945-1972, divided into CVP and PSC); DeVlag = Duitschen-Vlaamsche Arbeidsgemeenschap/Deutsch-Vlämische Arbeitsgemeinschaft (German-Flemish Workers Community, Flemish fascist, pro-union with Germany, 1935-1945); Lib = Liberal/Liberalen (19th century liberal); PL/LP = Parti Libéral/Liberale Partij (Liberal Party, liberal, 1846-1961, then PVV-PLP); PSC = Parti Social Chrétien (Social Christian Party, center-right, in Wallonia and Brussels, 1972-2002, renamed CDH); PCS-KVV = Parti Catholique Social/Katholieke Vlaamsche Volkspartij (Social Catholic Party-Catholic Flemish People's Party, catholic federated parties, 1937-1945); POB-BWP = Parti Ouvrier Belge/Belgische Werklieden Partij (Belgian Worker's Party, socialist, 1885-1945, renamed BSP-PSB); PVV-PLP = Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti pour la Liberté et la Prosperité (Party for Freedom and Prosperity, liberal, divided 1971 in PVV [in Flanders and Brussels] and PLP [in Wallonia and Brussels], 1961-1992); Rex = Parti Rexiste (Rexist Party, officially Rex, Walloon fascist, corporatist,socialist, 1936-1945); SP = Socialistische Partij (Socialist Party, social-democratic, Flemish, 1980-2001, renamed Socialistische Partij.Anders); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi German fascist, xenophobic, 1920-1945); Uni = Union/Unie (Union, "Unionist," coalition of Lib and Con supporting Belgian independence, 1828-1846); VLD = Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten (Flemish Liberals and Democrats, conservative liberal, Flanders, former PVV, 1992-Feb 2007, renamed O-VLD)

Independent State of Flanders

22 Dec 1917 The Council of Flanders (Raad van Vlaanderen), believing that

the German occupiers would encourage secession, proclaims

independence (Independent State of Flanders). 25 Jul 1918 Terminated by German occupation authorities.

President of the Council of Flanders 22 Dec 1917 - 25 Jul 1918 Willem de Vreese (b. 1869 - d. 1938) Non-party

President of the Commission of Plenipotentiaries22 Dec 1917 - 25 Jul 1918 Pieter Lodewijk Tack (b. 1870 - d. 1943) Non-party

Eupen and Malmedy

10 Jan 1920 - 10 Jun 1925

Population: 60,924 (1919)

1 Oct 1795 - 1813 Annexed to France.

25 Dec 1813 - Mar 1815 Allied (Swedish and Prussian) occupation.

6 Mar 1815 Malmedy (Malmédy) part of Prussia (from 1871, Germany)

(fully incorporated 1822).

1 Dec 1918 - 1 Jan 1920 Allied occupation (British in Malmédy to 12 Aug 1919, and

French in Eupen to 28 May 1919, then Belgian occupation).

28 Jun 1919 Ceded to Belgium by Germany under Treaty of Versailles.

12 Aug 1919 Belgian troops occupy the area.

1 Jan 1920 Formally ceded to Belgium (East Cantons).

20 Sep 1920 Eupen, Malmédy and Sankt-Vith annexed.

10 Jun 1925 Fully incorporated into Belgium (as cantons of Eupen, Malmédy,

and St. Vith within arrondissement of Verviers in the

province of Liège).

29 Jul 1940 - Feb 1945 Eupen, Malmédy and Sankt-Vith annexed to Germany, along with former Neutral Moresnet (made part of Prussia's Rhine province [Rheinprovinz] as part of Aachen Regierungsbezirk).

Commanders of Allied Forces 1918 - 28 May 1919 .... (France)(in Eupen)

1918 - 12 Aug 1919 Henry Hugh Gordon Hyslop (U.K.) (b. 1873 - d. 1932)

(in Malmédy)12 Aug 1919 - 1920 Augustin Édouard, baron Michel (b. 1855 - d. 1951) du Faing d'Aigremont (Belgium) Belgian Royal High Commissioner for Eupen-Malmédy and Governor of the Eastern CantonsJul 1919 - 10 Aug 1919 Henry Charles Marie Adolphe Delvaux (b. 1863 - d. 1947) de Fenffe (high commissioner-designate)10 Jan 1920 - 10 Jun 1925 Herman Baltia (appointed 13 Sep 1919)(b. 1863 - d. 1938) (from 28 Aug 1920 Herman, baron Baltia) Regierungspräsident in Aachen1940 - 1944 Franz Vogelsang (b. 1899 - d. 1979) NSDAP

Former Polities in Belgium Bouillon

to 25 Oct 1795, 1815

Map of Bouillon

(to 1795) Capital: Bouillon Population: 12,000 (1790)

988 First mention of the castle of Bouillon.

1095 Lordship of Bouillon (Bullionensis dominium) part of the Bishopric

of Liège (sold or mortgaged to the Bishop of Liège by Godfrey de

Bouillon [b. c.1058 - d. 1100]).

1129 - 1141 Count Renaud of Bar captures Bouillon castle.

1155 Holy Roman Emperor confirms Bishop of Liège's rights to Bouillon.

1291 First recorded style of the Bishop Liège as Duke of Bouillon

(Dux Bullonens).

14th cent. Bouillon Castle, as an exclave of the prince-bishopric of Liège, is

governed by specially appointed castellans.

1415 The office of castellan becomes a hereditary possession of the van

der Marck (de la Marck) family, a cadet branch of the future

dukes of Clèves and Jülich.

1456 Title Duke of Bouillon a permanent part of the prince-bishop's

style (although merely titular during certain periods noted).

31 Aug 1482 - 1521 Bouillon under the La Marck dynasty, contested by Bishops of Liège

(Bullionensis Ducatus/Duché de Bouillon).

21 May 1484 Treaty of Tongeren whereby the La Marck family forfeits its claims

to the prince-bishopric and supports Liège's struggle against

Emperor Maximilian for the reward of 30,000 livres. Bouillon

Castle is mortgaged to William de la Marck until the time of

repayment.

3 Nov 1492 Peace of Étaples reiterates the provisions of the treaty of

Tongeren. As no repayment follows, the La Marck family retains

Bouillon Castle and assumes the title of the Dukes of Bouillon.

1521 Restored to the Bishop of Liège by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

3 Aug 1529 The Treaty of Cambrai obligates Francois I of France not to help

Robert III in his struggle to retake Bouillon.

1547 Robert IV de la Marck is made Marshal of France. The letters patent

officially style him "Duc de Bouillon".

1552 - 1559 French occupation, restored to the La Marck dynasty.

3 Apr 1559 Restored again to the Bishopric of Liège by the Treaty of Cateau-

Cambresis.

3 Apr 1559 - 1 May 1678 The La Marck dynasty and its successor La Tour d'Auvergne

dynasty maintain its claims to the Duché de Bouillon and

their style of duc/duchesse de Bouillon is recognized by

France, possibly with technical regard to some fragments of

the territory still in their possession.

8 May 1594 Charlotte de la Marck dies without issue, and her claims to Bouillon

pass to her husband, Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne.

1651 Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne exchanges his sovereign

princely titles for several ducal and comital titles in the

Peerage of France. The agreement obligates France to restitute

Bouillon to the La Tour d'Auvergne family on the first opportunity.

30 Sep 1676 - 1 May 1678 French occupation.

1 May 1678 The King of France establishes the La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty

in full sovereignty over the Duchy of Bouillon (Duché de Bouillon)

under French protectorate (confirmed by Treaties of Nijmegen

1679).

25 Jun 1791 The Duke of Bouillon issues a declaration naming Philippe

d'Auvergne as successor in Bouillon after the extinction of the La Tour d'Auvergne.26 May 1790 General Assembly abolishes manorial and feudal rights.26 Apr 1792 Bouillon becomes a constitutional monarchy when the Duke approves the 23 Mar 1792 constitution issued by the General Assembly.19 Nov 1792 - 25 Oct 1795 French occupation.10 Dec 1793 Duke is deprived of the rents from his estates by French decree.24 Apr 1794 With the Duke imprisoned in France, administration is taken over by the General Assembly, which however did not explicitly abolish the ducauté. This period is often erroneously called the République Bouillonnaise or République de Bouillon (Bouillonasise Republic/Republic of Bouillon).25 Oct 1795 Annexed to France (divided between the départements of Ardennes, Sambre-et-Muse, and des Forêts).27 Dec 1796 French Republic promulgates a law restoring all the estates of Bouillon to the former Duke.26 Aug 1798 - 8 Mar 1800 French Republic sequesters all the estates of Bouillon. 7 Feb 1802 Death of Duke and the extinction of the La Tour d'Auvergne family.31 Dec 1814 French administration, but not military, withdraw from Bouillon. 1 Jan 1815 - 22 Jul 1815 Duchy of Bouillon (restored)(provisional government under Philip d'Auvergne in canton de Bouillon and claiming the villages of Sugny, Pussemange, and Bagimont).Mar 1815 France sends a new commander of the fortress, without any other mission and without civil authority.31 May 1815 Congress of Vienna by Article 4 says "the King of the Netherlands undertakes to restore the part of this duchy which is included in the demarcation drawn to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg by the same article, to that of the claimants whose rights will be legitimately established." 9 Jun 1815 Congress of Vienna awards all of the Duchy of Bouillon to The Netherlands along with that part of the Duchy not ceded to France by the Treaty of Paris of 1814. 26 Jun 1815 - 1 Dec 1815 Occupied by France (French fort commander occupies the city, and dismisses the authorities of the Duke).22 Jul 1815 - 30 Oct 1830 Part of Luxembourg (in personal union with The Netherlands). 1 Dec 1815 Bouillon castle is surrendered to the Dutch.30 Oct 1830 Part of Belgium (part of province of Luxembourg).

Dukes¹ 1 May 1678 - 26 Jul 1721 Godefroi Maurice (b. 1636 - d. 1721) (claimant from 7 Nov 1652)26 Jul 1721 - 17 Apr 1730 Emmanuel-Théodose (E.-Théodosius) (b. 1668 - d. 1730)17 Apr 1730 - 24 Oct 1771 Charles-Godefroi (b. 1706 - d. 1771)24 Oct 1771 - 3 Dec 1792 Godefroi Charles Henri (b. 1728 - d. 1792) 3 Dec 1792 - 24 Apr 1794 Jacques-Léopold Charles Godefroy (b. 1746 - d. 1802) (French prisoner from 7 Feb 1794)24 Apr 1794 - 25 Oct 1795 Executive Committee - Claude-Pierre Jobard - Remacle Poncelet (b. 1752 - d. 1813) - François-Gérard Pirson (b. 1765 - d. 1850) (chairman Oct - Dec 1794) - Nicolas(?) Renault (chairman Dec 1794 - c.Jan 1795) - Pierre Castilhon (b. 1767 - d. 1831) - Perot (chairman Apr - Jun 1795) - Jaqcues Reneaume de La Tache (b. 1725 - d. 1796) - Dominique Millard - Jean-Joseph Nannan (chairman from Jul 1795)25 Oct 1795 - 1 Jan 1815 post abolished 1 Jan 1815 - 22 Jul 1815 Philippe (b. 1754 - d. 1816) (= Philip d'Auvergne) 1 Jan 1815 - 26 Jun 1815 Antoine, baron de Vauthier de (b. 1749 - d. 1839) Baillamont -Governor-general (for Philippe) (appointed 18 Aug 1814)26 Jun 1815 - 1 Dec 1815 Clément Bonichon (b. 1773 - d. 18..) (commandant for Napoléon, then Louis XVIII)

Presidents of the Assembly 7 Mar 1790 Jacques Barthélémy (acting) + François Gérard Pirson (s.a.) Chairman of the Committee of Action 7 Mar 1790 - 19 Apr 1790 Richard Chauchet-Bourgeois (b. 1767 - d. 1844) Presidents of the Constituent Assembly 19 Apr 1790 - 4 Jun 1790 Richard Chauchet-Bourgeois (s.a.) 4 Jun 1790 - 12 Mar 1791 Philippe Aubry (b. 1740 - d. 1829) 1791 Gérard Gérard 1791 - 24 Jan 1792 .... 24 Jan 1792 Nicholas Nannan (acting) 24 Jan 1792 - 27 Jan 1792 François-Gérard Pirson (s.a.) Presidents of the General Legislative Assembly(from 1794, National Convention) 27 Jan 1792 - 22 Nov 1793 François-Gérard Pirson (s.a.) 22 Nov 1793 - 20 Feb 1794 Marie-Joseph Maignaud 20 Feb 1794 - 1794 Claude-Pierre Jobard (1st time) c.Jun 1794 - c.Sep 1794 Remacle Poncelet (s.a.) c.Sep 1794 - c.Dec 1794Claude-Pierre Jobard (2nd time) c.Dec 1794 - c.Apr 1795 Pierre Castilhon (s.a.) c.Apr 1795 - c.Jul 1795 Dominique Millard 1795 - 25 Oct 1795 G. Philippe

Chancellor28 May 1781 - 24 Apr 1794 Jean-François Félix Dorival (b. 1755 - d. 1815) de Fignamont (1st time)

24 Apr 1794 - 10 Jan 1795 post abolished

10 Jan 1815 - 26 Jun 1815 Jean-François Félix Dorival (s.a.) de Fignamont (2nd time)

(for Duke Philippe)

¹Royal Style:

(a) 1 May 1678 - 26 Jul 1721: duc de Bouillon ("Duke of Bouillon");

(b) 26 Jul 1721 - 17 Apr 1730: vicomte de Turenne, duc de Bouillon, duc d'Albret, comte d'Évreux ("Viscount of Turenne, Duke of Bouillon, Duke of Albret, Count of Evreux");

(c) 17 Apr 1730 - 24 Oct 1771: duc de Bouillon, duc d'Albret ("Duke of Bouillon, Duke of Albret");

(d) 24 Oct 1771 - 24 Apr 1794: duc de Bouillon, comte d'Évreux ("Duke of Bouillon, Count of Everux");

(e) 1 Jan 1815 - 22 Jul 1815: par la grâce de Dieu prince souverain et duc régnant de Bouillon, etc., etc., etc. ("by the Grace of God, Sovereign Prince and Reigning Duke of Bouillon, etc., etc., etc.")

Liège

to 1789/92

1789/92 - 27 Jul 1794

Map of Bishopric of Liège

(to 1794) Capital: Liège Population: 400,000

(18th cent.)

343 Traditional date of founding of the Bishopric of Liège

(Leodiensium Episcopatus/Hochstift Lüttich).

14 Apr 972 Bishop becomes a Prince of the Empire, an immediate

vassal of the Emperor.

21 Sep 1366 Counties of Looz and Horn annexed (de facto from 5 Apr 1361).

18 Aug 1789 Liégeoise revolution (Révolution liégeoise) begins. This

period is informally called the République Liégeoise to 1791.

30 Nov 1789 - 16 Apr 1790 Occupied by Prussia

12 Jan 1791 - 28 Nov 1792 Occupied by Austria.

28 Nov 1792 - 4 Mar 1793 Occupied by France (annexed 30 Mar 1793).

5 Mar 1793 - 27 Jul 1794 Re-occupied by Austria.

8 May 1793 The French National Convention decrees the incorporation

of Liège into France (ineffective at the time).

27 Jul 1794 - 1 Oct 1795 Occupied by France, and treated as if incorporated,

together with the Belgian provinces, as arrondissement Liège.

1 Oct 1795 - 15 Feb 1814 Annexation to France (part of départements of Ourthe and

Meuse-Inférieure [see below]. Thereafter, Liège undergoes

the same developments as the rest of Belgium).

15 Feb 1814 - 1815 Allied administration (see Belgium).

16 Mar 1815 - 1830 Incorporation into the Netherlands (part of Luik/Liège province).

4 Oct 1830 Part of independent Belgium (part of Liège province).

Prince-Bishops (title Prince-évêque de Liège, comte de Looz, marquis de Franchimont, etc./Fürstbischof zu Lüttich, Graf zu Loos und Horne, Markgraf zu Franchimont, usw.)

25 Oct 1694 - 12 Nov 1723 Joseph Clément, duc de Bavière (b. 1671 - d. 1723)

12 Nov 1723 - 7 Dec 1724 François Lambert, baron de Sélys (Grand Dean of the Cathedral Chapter) 7 Dec 1724 - 5 Dec 1743 Georges II Louis de Berghes (b. 1662 - d. 1743) 5 Dec 1743 - 10 Mar 1744 Jean-Louis Hyacinthe d'Oyenbrugge, (b. 1673 - d. 1753)

comte de Duras, baron d'Elderen (Grand Dean of the Cathedral Chapter) 10 Mar 1744 - 27 Jan 1763 Jean XI Théodore, duc de Bavière (b. 1703 - d. 1763) 27 Jan 1763 - 8 Apr 1763 Guillaume Marie, baron de (b. 1709 - d. 1770) Coudenhove de Fraiture (Grand Dean of the Cathedral Chapter) 8 Apr 1763 - 22 Oct 1771 Charles Nicolas Alexandre, comte d'Oultremont (b. 1716 - d. 1771) 22 Oct 1771 - 14 Mar 1772 Charles Damien Boos de Waldeck (Grand Dean of the Cathedral Chapter) 14 Mar 1772 - 30 Apr 1784 François Charles, comte de (b. 1719 - d. 1784) Vellbrueck 15 Aug 1784 - 13 Sep 1790 César Constantin François, comte de Hoensbroek (1st time) (b. 1724 - d. 1792) 13 Sep 1790 - 10 Jan 1791 Ferdinand Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan, prince de Guémenée, archevêque de Cambrai -Regent (b. 1738 - d. 1813) 11 Jan 1791 - 3 Jun 1792 César Constantin François, comte de Hoensbroek (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Jun 1792 - 16 Aug 1792 Alexandre Constantin Joseph de (b. 1738 - d. 1804) Nassau, comte de Corroy (Grand Dean of the Cathedral Chapter) 16 Aug 1792 - 28 Nov 1792 François Antoine Marie Constantin, comte de Méan et de Beaurieux (b. 1756 - d. 1817) (1st time) Chairmen of the Council of the City of Liège 3 Dec 1792 - 8 Jan 1793 Jacques-Joseph Fabry (b. 1722 - d. 1798) 8 Jan 1793 - 16 Feb 1793 Jean-Baptiste Winant Digneffe (b. 1761 - d. 1844) President of the National Convention 16 Feb 1793 - 4 Mar 1793 Jacques-Joseph Fabry (s.a.) Imperial administrator 5 Mar 1793 - 21 Apr 1793 Friedrich Josias Prinz von und zu (b. 1737 - d. 1815) Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld Prince-Bishop 21 Apr 1793 - 20 Jul 1794 François Antoine Marie Constantin, (s.a.) comte de Méan et de Beaurieux (2nd time) President of the Emergency Committee27 Jul 1794 - 21 Aug 1794 Benoît-Louis Bouchet (b. 1731 - d. 1802) Mil

President of the Commune of Liège21 Aug 1794 - 12 Sep 1794 Jacques-Joseph Fabry (s.a.)Presidents of Provisional Central Administration 12 Sep 1794 - 22 Sep 1794 Thomas Joseph Jehin (b. 1732 - d. 1806)22 Sep 1794 - 1794 Jean-Nicolas Bassenge l'aîné (b. 1758 - d. 1811)12 Oct 1794 - 1794 Nicolas Vanderheyden à Hauzeur (b. 1741 - d. 1807)Oct 1794 - 4 Dec 1794 Pierre-Joseph Henkart (b. 1761 - d. 1815)Agent National of the Administration of Arrondissement de LiègeDec 1794 - 1 Oct 1795 Louis Ghislain de Bouteville (b. 1746 - d. 1821)

Council of the City of Liège 27 Aug 1789 - 13 Sep 1790 Burgomaster-regents of Liège - Jacques-Joseph Fabry (s.a.) - Jean-Remi, baron Chestret (b. 1739 - d. 1809)

Fagnolle (Ligne)

Map of Fagnolle/Ligne Capital: Fagnolle Population: N/A

869 Fagnolle is mentioned in the polyptych of Lobbes Abbey under the name of Eucharlia.c.1142 Barony Ligne (Ligniacum Baronis), a fief of the County of Hainaut. 18 Dec 1544 County of Ligne (Ligniacum Comitatus/Grafschaft Ligne/

Comté de Ligne) raised by Emperor Charles V. 1549 Made Imperial counts (Reichsgraf von Ligne) by Emperor Charles V. 1571 Barony of Fagnolle (Faignuelles/Faigneul/Fagneulle/Fagnolles) (Fagnolensis Baronis/Freiherrschaft von Fagnolle/Baronie Fagnolle). 20 Mar 1601 Barons of Fagnolle also created Princes of Ligne (Fürstentum

Ligne/Principauté de Ligne) and Princes (Reichsfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Rudolf II. 1634 Fagnolle acquired by Ligne. 20 Jul 1770 County of Fagnolle (Grafschaft Fagnolle/Comté de Fagnolle), raised to an imperial county by Emperor Joseph II. 8 Mar 1789 Renamed County of Ligne (Grafschaft Ligne/Comté de Ligne). 19 Nov 1792 - 12 May 1793 Occupied by France. 12 May 1793 - 15 Feb 1814 Annexed by France (part of the département Ardennes). 25 Feb 1803 Count is granted the former Abbbey of Edelstetten in Swabia as a county in compensation by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (on 22 May 1804 Edelstetten is sold to Prince Esterházy de Galántha). 15 Feb 1814 - 16 Mar 1815 Allied administration (see Belgium). 16 Mar 1815 - 1830 Incorporation into the Netherlands (part of Namen/Namur province). 4 Oct 1830 Part of independent Belgium (part of Namur province).

Counts (titleFürst von Ligne und Graf zu Fagnolle/Prince de Ligne et Comté de Ligne) 21 Dec 1679 - 8 Feb 1702 Henri Louis Ernest (b. 1644 - d. 1702) 8 Feb 1702 - 8 Aug 1750 Antoine Joseph Ghislain (b. 1682 - d. 1750) 8 Aug 1750 - 7 Apr 1766 Claude Lamoral II (b. 1685 - d. 1766) 7 Apr 1766 - 12 May 1793 Charles Joseph Lamoral (b. 1735 - d. 1814)

Limburg

Map of Limburg

(1648-1792) Capital: Limburg

(Limbourg)

Population: N/A

13 May 1106 Duchy of Limburg (Limburgensis Ducatus/Herzogtum von Limburg/

Hertogdom Limburg).

1288 The Dukes of Brabant become Dukes of Limburg.

1 Dec 1406 The Dukes of Burgundy become Dukes of Limburg (Duché de Limbourg).

27 Mar 1482 The Austrian Habsburg rulers become Dukes of Limburg

(Herzogtum von Limburg).

16 Jan 1556 The Spanish Habsburg rulers become Dukes of Limburg

(Ducado de Limburgo).

7 Sep 1632 - 1 Nov 1635 Dutch occupation.

30 Jun 1673 - 17 Sep 1678 French occupation.

10 Dec 1703 The Austrian Habsburg rulers become Dukes of Limburg.

11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790 Part of the United Belgian States (s.a.).

15 Dec 1792 - 28 Apr 1793 Annexed to France.

28 Apr 1793 - 1 Oct 1795 Austrian Habsburg rule restored.

1 Oct 1795 - 15 Feb 1814 Annexed to France (part of département Ourthe).

15 Feb 1814 Part of the "Belgian" Netherlands (province of Luik/Liège).

4 Oct 1830 Part of Belgium (part of province of Liège).

Dukes (title Limburgensi Ducat/Herzog von Limburg)

10 Dec 1703 - 11 Jan 1790 the archdukes of Austria

2 Dec 1790 - 15 Dec 1792 the archdukes of Austria

28 Apr 1793 - 1 Oct 1795 the archdukes of Austria

Stadholders of Limburg and the Lands over the Maas (Landen van Overmaas)

27 Mar 1665 - 1684 Johan Frans Desideratus, prins (b. 1627 - d. 1699) van Nassau-Siegen 28 Jan 1685 - 8 Feb 1702 Henri Louis Lamoral Prince de Ligne (b. 1644 - d. 1702) 8 Oct 1702 - 1703 Franz Sigismund von Thurn und Taxis (b. 1655 - d. 1710) Graf von Valsassina 22 Oct 1703 - 1705 Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Graf (b. 1671 - d. 1742)Sinzendorff und Thannhausen (1st time) 19 Oct 1705 - 1707 Johann Peter Graf von Goëss (b. 1667 - d. 1716) 6 Nov 1707 - Jul 1709 Francisco Bernardo de Quiros (b. 1650 - d. 1709)23 Jul 1709 - 25 Feb 1710 Johann Wenzel Graf von Gallas (b. 1670 - d. 1719)25 Feb 1710 - 27 Oct 1713 Franz Adolf Freiherr von Zinzerling (d. 1718)

(Sinszrling)(substitute)

27 Oct 1713 - 14 Dec 1713 Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Graf (s.a.) Sinzendorff und Thannhausen (2nd time)14 Dec 1713 - 1714 Georg Freiherr Tunderfeld (b. 1678 - d. 1748) 17 Mar 1714 - 1723 Franz Thurn und Taxis, Graf von (b. 1662 - d. 1726) Valsassina 1723 - 1725 Vacant 1725 - 10 May 1727 Alexander Otto Graf von Vehlen (b. 1657 - d. 1727) 20 May 1728 - 17 Sep 1754 Wolfgang Willem van Bournonville, (b. 1670 - d. 1754) markgraaf Van Sars, baron Van Capres, heer Van Fleignies Drossard (Chief Justice) 1754 - 1794 Philippe Joseph Dieudonné, (b. 1711 - d. 1797) graaf van Woestenraedt Commissionerof Arrondissement de Maestricht 30 Oct 1794 - 1795 Charles Clément Roemers (b. 1748 - d. 1838)

Neutral Moresnet

1883/85 - 27 Jun 1915

Map of Neutral Moresnet

Capital: Moresnet

Unofficial Anthem

Amikejo-march

Adopted 1908

Border Treaty of Aachen

(26 Jun 1816; in French)

GDP: $N/A

Demilitarized by Treaty

Exports: $N/A

Imports: $N/A Currencies: French Franc

(FRF);1831-1920 Belgian

Franc (BEF); 1871-1918

German Mark (DED); 1816-31 Dutch Guilder (NLG) Population: 3,596 (1919)

256 (1816); 500 (1830);

2,572 (1858)

International Organizations/Treaties: None

26 Jun 1816 Part of Moresnet, claimed by both The Netherlands and Prussia, is "temporarily neutralized" and put under a common administration. 23 Sep 1818 Border demarcation markers formally installed.22 Sep 1830 Belgium replaces Netherlands as claimant and administrator (recognized by the Netherlands 22 Jun 1839).26 Jun 1831 Transfer of the Dutch law from the contract of 26 Jun 1816 to Belgium. 8 Aug 1914 German occupation.27 Jun 1915 Administration by Prussia only.Nov 1918 Administration by Belgium only.28 Jun 1919 Ceded to Belgium by Germany under Treaty of Versailles.10 Jan 1920 Annexed to Belgium (as municipality of Kelmis/La Calamine, within the province of Liège).29 Jul 1940 - 10 Sep 1944 Annexed by Germany.10 Sep 1944 Restored to Belgium.Dec 1944 - Jan 1945 Brief German re-occupation.

Netherlands Royal Commissioners 8 Dec 1817 - 2 Dec 1823 Werner Jacob 2 Dec 1823 - 1830 Joseph Brandès 1830 - 8 Jun 1835 Vacant

Belgian Royal Commissioners (from 1889, also district commissioners of Verviers) 8 Jun 1835 - 1840 Lambert Ernst (b. 1798 - d. 1871) 1 Feb 1840 - 1889 Mathieu Crémer (b. 1805 - d. 1889) 30 Nov 1889 - 27 Mar 1915 Fernand Jacques Bleyfuesz (1st time)(b. 1858 - d. 1935) 27 Mar 1915 - 27 Jun 1915 Bayer (acting) (clerk of the German military administration in Verviers) 27 Jun 1915 - Nov 1918 Vacant Nov 1918 - 10 Jan 1920 Fernand Jacques Bleyfuesz (2nd time)(s.a.)

Prussian Royal Commissioners (from 1854, also districts commissioners of Eupen) 6 Aug 1817 - 1819 Wilhelm Hardt (b. 1755 - d. 1831) 22 Apr 1819 - 26 Nov 1835 Johann Martin Daniel Mayer (b. 1769 - d. 1835) 9 Jul 1836 - 9 Nov 1853 Heinrich Martins 11 Aug 1852 - 7 Jan 1866 Peter Benedict Joseph Armand (b. 1813 - d. 1866) von Harenne (head of police administration to 16 Jan 1854) 12 Dec 1866 - 10 Jul 1867 August Freiherr von der Heydt (b. 1825 - d. 1867) 1868 - 24 Oct 1870 Edwin Gülcher (b. 1822 - d. 1870) 18 Jun 1871 - 1893 Theodor Alfred Sternickel (b. 1825 - d. 1894) 18 Apr 1893 - 1 Jan 1909 Alfred Jakob Bernhard Theodor (b. 1849 - d. 1922) Gülcher 13 Jan 1909 - 1913 Walter Karl Maria The Losen (b. 1880 - d. 1919) 2 Nov 1913 - Nov 1918 Spiess (acting)

Nov 1918 - 10 Jan 1920 Vacant

Mayors

1817 - 21 Feb 1859 Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (acting) (b. 1774 - d. 1861)

21 Feb 1859 - 30 May 1859 Adolf Hubert van Scherpenzeel-Thim (b. 1824 - d. 1877)

1 Jul 1859 - 7 Feb 1882 Joseph Kohl

7 Feb 1882 - 20 Jun 1885 Oskar Anton Bilharz (b. 1831 - d. 1917)

20 Jun 1885 - 15 Mar 1915 Hubert Schmetz (b. 1862 - d. 1930)

29 Mar 1915 - 7 Dec 1918 Wilhelm Kyll (b. 1876 - d. af.1956)

7 Dec 1918 - 10 Jan 1920 Pierre Joseph Grignard (b. 1851 - d. 1925)

(then mayor of Kelmis to 7 Feb 1923)

Nivelles

c.640 Benedictine Abbey of Nivelles (Abbatia Nivellensis/Stift Nivelle [Nivelles]/Abbaye de Nivelles/Abdij Nijvel) founded.650/51 - c.877 The abbey a double monastery (for women and men).

c.817 Abbey becomes a secular chapter of canons and canonesses.1295 Abbesses made Princesses of the Holy Roman Empire (according to

tradition).

18 May 1462 Chapter of Nivelles decrees that for the future the Abbess

was obliged to confer vacant prebends to women of nobility.27 Nov 1549 Emperor Charles V confirms the privileges of the chapter.13 Nov 1792 - 24 Mar 1793 Occupied by France. 6 Jul 1794 - 1 Oct 1795 Occupied by France. 1 Oct 1795 - 29 Jan 1814 Annexed by France (part of département Dyle).15 Jan 1798 Abbey is formally suppressed by France.29 Jan 1814 - 16 Mar 1815 Allied administration (see Belgium, above).16 Mar 1815 - 4 Oct 1830 Incorporation into Netherlands (part of Zuid-Brabant province). 4 Oct 1830 Part of independent Belgium (part of Brabant province).

Princess-Abbesses (title Dame et Abbesse-Princesse de Nivelles/Frau und Fürstäbtissin von Nivelle [Nivelles])¹31 Mar 1668 - 9 Nov 1705 Madeleine-Thérèse de Noyelles (b. 16.. - d. 1705) 22 Feb 1706 - 26 Nov 1724 Marie-Françoise Josephine de Berghes (b. 1678 - d. 1724)20 Dec 1725 - 4 Mar 1743 Caroline (Carol) de Berlaimont (d. 1743) (Berlaymont) 3 Aug 1744 - 28 Feb 1774 Ursule-Antoinette de Berlo de (b. 1703 - d. 1774) Francdouaire 19 Aug 1776 - 1 Oct 1795 Marie-Félicité-Philippine van der (b. 1731 - d. 1799)

Noot (Vandernoot)

¹use of the titles: Princesse de Nivelles/Fürstin von Nivelles ("Princess of Nivelle") and Princesse du Saint-Empire Romain/Reichsfürstin ("Princess of the Holy Roman Empire") frequently added by the Abbesses, were disputed including - in 1643 the procureur général of Brabant, in 1743 by the corps des jurés of the Nivelles city, and the Empress Maria Theresa and Duke Charles of Lorraine.

Reckheim (Rekem)

1108 First lord of Reckheim (Radekeim) mentioned (Redquem dominum/

Herrschaft Reckheim/Heerlijkheid Rekem), Reckheim a free

lordship under the Emperor.

1134 - 20 Apr 1317 Under the Bronckhorst dynasty.

1317 - 1335 Gerard Van der Marck is lord of Reckheim/Rekem.

1335 - 1397 Under Arnold, then Hendrik, von Stein

1356 Barony of Reckheim (Redquem Baronis/Freiherrschaft von

Reckheim/Baronie Rekem).

1397 - 1501 Under the Sombreffe dynasty.

1501 - 1545 Under Count Robert I and Robert II van der Marck en Arenberg.

1545 - 1553 Emperor Charles V appoints Jan van Hennin as landlord.

1553 van Hennin sells Rekem to Willem van Vlodrop.

1564 - 1590 Under the Quadt von Wickrath dynasty (who in 1590 exchange the

barony with Herman von Lynden for estates in Germany).

6 Nov 1590 Under Lynden (from 1675, Aspremont-Lynden) dynasty, with the title

Free Baron (Reichsfreiherr) granted by Emperor Rudolf II

(Reichsfreiherrschaft von Reckheim/Vrij Baronie van Reckheim).

31 Mar 1623 Reckheim raised to an County immediate of the Holy Roman Empire

(Reichsgrafschaft Reckheim/Rijksgraafschap Rekem) by Emperor

Ferdinand II.

16 Mar 1676 Confirmation of the title Count of Aspremont-Lynden (Graf von

Aspremont-Lynden) for Ferdinand Gobert by Emperor Leopold I.

1684 Title of Imperial Count of Aspremont-Lynden and Reckheim (Reichsgraf

von Aspremont-Lynden und Reckheim) granted to Ferdinand Gobert

by Emperor Leopold I.

Jan 1793 - 1 Oct 1795 French occupation (Nov 1794 part of département Meuse-Inférieure).

1 Oct 1795 - 20 Nov 1813 Annexed to France (part of département Meuse-Inférieure).

9 Feb 1801 Formally ceded to France by the Treaty of Lunéville.

25 Feb 1803 Last, Count Johan Nepomuk Gobert I d'Aspremont-Lynden, granted

the Abbey of Baindt as compensation for Reckheim (Baindt is

annexed to Württemberg on 12 Jul 1806) by the

Reichsdeputationshauptschluss.

15 Feb 1814 Part of Netherlands (from 25 Aug 1815, province of Limbourg/Limburg).

16 Sep 1819 The male line of the Counts of Reckheim/Rekem extinct.

4 Oct 1830 Part of Belgium (part of province of Limburg).

Counts of Reckheim (title Reichsgraf von Reckheim/Rijksgraaf van Rekem)

31 Mar 1623 - 24 Aug 1636 Ernst (lord from 5 Jun 1603) (b. 1583 - d. 1636)

24 Aug 1636 - 24 Aug 1665 Ferdinand I (b. 1611 - d. 1665)

24 Aug 1665 - 1684 Ferdinand II Gobert (b. 1643 - d. 1708)

24 Aug 1665 - 1673 Regents

- Franz Egon Fürst von Fürstenberg- (b. 1626 - d. 1682)

Heiligenberg Bischof von Strassburg

Fürstabt von Murbach und Lüders

- Isabelle-Henriette d'Aspremont- (b. 1615 - d. 1686)

Lynden, princesse-abbesse de

Munsterbilsen (f)

Counts of Aspremont-Lynden and Reckheim (title Reichsgraf von Aspremont-Lynden und Reckheim/Rijksgraaf van Aspremont-Lynden en Rekem)

1684 - 1 Feb 1708 Ferdinand II Gobert (s.a.)

1 Feb 1708 - 3 May 1720 Joseph Gobert (b. 1694 - d. 1720)

3 Feb 1720 - 24 Nov 1749 Karl Gobert (b. 1703 - d. 1749)

24 Nov 1749 - 1 Oct 1795 Johann Nepomuk Gobert I (b. 1732 - d. 1805)

Stavelot-Malmédy/Stablo-Malmedy

Map of Stavelot-Malmédy Capital: Stavelot (Stablo)

Population: N/A

648 Benedictine Abbey of Malmedy (Malmunderio Abbas) established. 650 Stavelot Abbey (Stabluensis Abbas) established; ruled in union (Klöster Stablo und Malmedy). 747 Acquired territory from Carloman, Duke of the Franks. Dec 881 Normans invade the area, burning both abbeys and causing the

monks to flee.

885 Normans passed through the Meuse valley causing the monks of

Stavelot to flee again, finding refuge in the county of Logne

and Chèvremont.

1065 - 1071 Archbishop of Cologne names a separate abbot for Malmedy.

Mar 1071 The Holy Roman Emperor to recognizes the union of the two abbeys

and reiterate the superiority of Stavelot.

.... Abbots also Princes of the Empire (Fürstabtei Stablo-Malmedy/

Principauté abbatiale de Stavelot-Malmedy).4 Oct 1689 Razing of both Stavelot and Malmedy by French forces.

1768 Anthisnes and Vien villages, which belonged to the Principality of

Liège, joined the Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy and the county

of Logne in exchange for Sclessin and part of Ougrée, in the

suburbs of Liège.

2/4 Mar 1793 - 1793 Occupied by France (annexed 2 Mar 1793).16 Sep 1794 - 1 Oct 1795 Occupied by France. 1 Oct 1795 Annexed by France (Stavelot is merged with Franchimont as part

of the département Ourthe [see below]).15 Feb 1814 - 6 Mar 1815 Allied administration (see Belgium, above). 6 Mar 1815 - 1 Dec 1918 Malmedy (Malmédy) part of Prussia (from 1871, Germany)(part of

Jülich-Cleves-Berg province; from 1822, Rheinprovinz). 16 Mar 1815 - 4 Oct 1830 Stavelot part of the Netherlands (part of Luik/Liège province). 4 Oct 1830 Stavelot part of Belgium (part of Liège province). 1 Dec 1918 - 30 Sep 1920 Mamedy under Allied (from 12 Aug 1919, Belgian) occupation.30 Sep 1920 Malmédy incorporated into Belgium (see Eupen and Malmédy).

Prince-Abbots (title Fürstabt zu Stablo-Malmedy/Prince-Abbé de Stavelot-Malmedy)

1682 - 10 Apr 1704 Wilhelm III Egon Graf von Fürstenberg/ (b. 1629 - d. 1704)

Guillaume Egon, comte de Furstenberg

(appointed 1682, confirmed 15 Jul 1683)

30 May 1704 - 27 Jul 1715 Franz II Anton Herzog von Lothringen/ (b. 1689 - d. 1715)

François Antoine, duc de Lorraine

(elected 1704, cofirmed 22 Dec 1704)

1704 - 1708 Jacob Godding/

Jacques Godding -Administrator

(acting for the Duke of Lorraine)

(confirmed 22 Dec 1704)

15 Oct 1715 - 26 Jul 1731 Johann IV Ernst Graf von Löwenstein/

Jean-Ernest, comte de Loewenstein (b. 1667 - d. 1731)

(elected 1715, confirmed 16 Dec 1715,

sworn in 26 Apr 1716)

16 Aug 1731 - 3 May 1737 Nikolaus II Massin/ (b. 1677 - d. 1737)

Nicolas de Massin

(elected 16 Aug 1731, confirmed 29 Dec 1731)

3 Aug 1737 - 14 Jun 1741 Deodat Drion/

Dieudonné de Drion (b. 1684 - d. 1741)

(elected 3 Aug 1737, confirmed 3 Oct 1737)

14 Sep 1741 - 16 Sep 1753 Joseph de Nollet-Bourdon/ (b. 1672 - d. 1753)

Joseph de Nollet a Bourdon

(elected 14 Sep 1741, confirmed 27 Nov 1741,

invested 13 Mar 1747)

14 Dec 1753 - 2 Oct 1766 Alexander Delmotte/ (b. 1696 - d. 1766)

Alexandre Delmotte

(elected 14 Dec 1753, confirmed 1 Apr 1754)

27 Nov 1766 - 22 Dec 1786 Jacob Hubin/ (b. 1705 - d. 1786)

Jacques de Hubin

4 Jan 1787 - 21 Jul 1794 Célestin Thys (b. 1730 - d. 1796)

(elected 4 Jan 1787, confirmed 23 Apr 1787,

invested 17 Dec 1787, in Hanau exile to 1 Oct 1796)

Administrator

Jul 1794 - 26 Sep 1794 the magistrate of Malmédy

Ostend under Dutch rule

13 Jun 1584 Ostend occupied by Dutch forces.

20 Sep 1604 City surrendered to Spanish Netherlands.

Governors

13 Jun 1584 - 1585 Guillaume de Blois, dict Treslong (b. 1529 - d. 1594)

(Willem Bloys van Treslong)

Mar 1585 - 1586 Guillaume de Hertaing, sieur de Marquette (b. c.1550 - d. 1586)

(Willem de Hertaing De Marquette)

1586 - Jan 1587 Sir Thomas Knollys (Knolles) (b. c.1555 - d. c.1596)

12 Jan 1587 - 11 Aug 1590 John Conway (b. 1535 - d. 1603)

7 Sep 1590 - Sep 1599 Sir Edward Norris (Norreys) (b. c.1565 - d. 1603)

1599 - 1600 Jean Piron

1600 - 1601 Maximiliaan van Cruyningen (b. 1556 - d. 1612)

1601 Charles van der Noot, heer van (b. c.1565 - d. 1614)

Hoogwoud en Aartswoud (1st time) 9 Jul 1601 - 7 Mar 1602 Sir Francis Vere (b. 1560 - d. 1609)

(led defense of the city)

7 Mar 1602 - 13 Jul 1603 Frederik van Dorp (b. 1547 - d. 1612)

Jul 1603 - Dec 1603 Charles van der Noot, heer van (s.a.)

Hoogwoud en Aartswoud (2nd time)Dec 1603 - 21 Mar 1604 Pierre (Jean?) de Ghistelles

21 Mar 1604 - 25 Mar 1604 Johan van Loon (b. 15.. - d. 1604)

25 Mar 1604 - 6 Jun 1604 Jacques van der Meer, baron de (b. 15.. - d. 1604)

Berendrecht

6 Jun 1604 - 17 Jun 1604 Antonie van Uytenhoove

Jun 1604 - 20 Sep 1604 Daniël de Hertaing, sieur de Marquette (b. 15.. - d. 1625)

French Départements in Belgium 1793 - 1814

Map of French Netherlands

Deux-Nèthes

1 Oct 1795 French département des Deux-Nèthes (Dutch: departement Twee Neten)

formed from southern Brabant and Lordship of Malines (Mechelen). 16 Mar 1810 Brabant department of the Kingdom Holland west of the Donge

annexed by France to Deux-Nèthes as district Breda. 1814 End of French rule; incorporated into Belgium (under Netherlands rule). Feb 1814 - Sep 1815 Allied administration (then divided between Antwerp province

and North Brabant province).

Commissioners

1796 - 31 May 1798 Charles Louis Bruslé de Valsuzenay (b. 1766 - d. 1825)

1798 - 6 May 1798 De Villers (acting for Bruslé)

31 May 1798 - 9 Jul 1799 Alexandre François Narcisse Levêque (b. 1756 - d. 1844)

6 Apr 1799 - 3 Jul 1799 Saunier (acting for Levêque)

13 Jul 1799 - 1800 Dominique Ogez (b. 1767 - d. 1839)

Prefects

1800 - 25 Jul 1805 Charles Joseph Fortuné, (b. 1756 - d. 1829)

marquis d'Herbouville

29 Jul 1805 - 29 Mar 1809 Charles Cochon de Lapparent (b. 1750 - d. 1825)

(from 10 Sep 1808, Charles Cochon,

chevalier de Lapparent)

1809 - 1813 Marc-René-Marie de Voyer de Paulmy (b. 1771 - d. 1842)

d'Argenson

12 Mar 1813 - 1814 Jacques Fortunat, baron Savoye-Rollin(b. 1751 - d. 1823)

Intendant

14 Feb 1814 - Sep 1815 François Louis Joseph, chevalier de (b. 1750 - d. 1816)

Wargny (provisional)

Dyle

1 Oct 1795 French département de la Dyle (Dutch: departement Dijle) formed

from parts of the Brabant, Counties of Hainaut, Namur, and

Flanders and the Bishopric of Liège. 1814 End of French rule; incorporated into Belgium (under Netherlands rule). Feb 1814 - Sep 1815 Allied administration (then part of South Brabant province).

Commissioners

1795 - 14 Sep 1797 Charles Lambrechts (b. 1753 - d. 1823)

14 Sep 1797 - 14 Feb 1799 François René Auguste Mallarmé (b. 1755 - d. 1835)

14 Feb 1799 - 1800 Nicolas Jean Rouppe (b. 1769 - d. 1838)

Prefects

2 Mar 1800 - 1 Feb 1805 Louis Gustave Doulcet de (b. 1764 - d. 1853)

Pontécoulant

1 Dec 1805 - 1808 François Louis René Mouchard de (b. 1757 - d. 1814)

Chaban

12 May 1808 - 1813 Frédéric Séraphin de La Tour du (b. 1759 - d. 1837)

Pin-Gouvernet

(from 14 Feb 1810, Frédéric Séraphin,

baron La Tour du Pin-Gouvernet)

12 Mar 1813 - 1814 Frédéric Christophe, baron (b. 1778 - d. 1859)

d'Houdetot

Intendant

14 Feb 1814 - 1815 Jacques Joseph Dominique d'Anethan (b. 1769 - d. 1841)

(provisional)

Escaut

2 Mar 1793 County of Flanders is annexed by France, but non-integrated. 19 Mar 1793 French lose Flanders. 1 Oct 1795 French département de l'Escaut (Dutch: departement Schelde)

formed from parts of County of Flanders and the Dutch Flanders

of the States. 1814 End of French rule; incorporated into Belgium (under Netherlands rule). Feb 1814 - Sep 1815 Allied administration (then part of East Flanders province).

Commissioners

18 Nov 1795 - 5 Aug 1799 Reinier Grégoire Dubosch (b. 1765 - d. 1842)

5 Aug 1799 - 24 Mar 1800 Bernard François Joseph van Wambeke (b. 1764 - d. 1841)

Prefects

24 Mar 1800 - 1808 Guillaume Marie Faipoult (b. 1752 - d. 1817)

18 Sep 1808 - 1813 Frédéric Christophe d'Houdetot (b. 1778 - d. 1859)

(from 18 Jun 1809, Frédéric

Christophe, baron d'Houtetot)

12 Mar 1813 - 25 Mar 1813 Jean-François Marie, baron Delaître (b. 1766 - d. 1835)

(not installed)

25 Mar 1813 - Feb 1814 Antoine François Erhard Marie (b. 1757 - d. 1830)

Catherine, baron Desmousseaux de

Givré

Intendants

14 Feb 1814 - Mar 1814 Charles Liévin Beaucarne (b. 1756 - d. 1815)

(provisional)

Mar 1814 - Sep 1815 Jean-Baptiste d'Hane de Steenhuyse (b. 1757 - d. 1826)

(provisional)

Forêts: see Luxembourg Jemmapes

2 Mar 1793 Creation of French département of Jemappe formed from County of Hainaut. 23 Mar 1793 Annexation of Bailiwick of Tournai (Doornik). 2 Apr 1793 - 1794 Austrians occupy the area of Jemappe. 26 Jun 1794 France recaptures Hainaut and Tournai; département of Jemmape restored. 3 Aug 1794 French government proclaims that territories newly re-occupied are considered as "pays conquis" (conquered land), and restoration of département of Jemmappe is suspended; arrondissement of Hainaut. 30 Aug 1795 Restoration of département de Jemmappe. 1 Oct 1795 Renamed département de Jemmapes. 1814 End of French rule. Feb 1814 - Sep 1815 Allied administration (then part of Hainaut province).

Commissioners

19 Jan 1793 - 25 Mar 1793 Mouchet

+ Légier

+ Raphaël Leroy

2 Jul 1794 - 1 Dec 1794 Jasmin Lamotze

1 Dec 1794 - 1795 Prudhomme

23 Nov 1795 - 1795 Charles Duvivier

Nov 1795 - 1796 Bazin

Jan 1796 - May? 1796 Volkerick

May 1796 - Jun 1796 Casimir Varon (b. 1761 - d. 1796)

1796 Dubois

1796 Aubert

1796 Houzé

1796 - 1797 Claude François Gonnet de Fiéville (b. 1752 - d. 1815)

20 Apr 1797 - 1797 Dewamin

24 Sep 1797 - 1797 P.A. Defacqz

1797 - 1798 Pierre François Joseph Delneufcourt (b. 1756 - d. 1827) 1798 Charles Stanislas Troye (b. 1770 - d. 1844)

Jun 1798 - 3 Jul 1799 Jean-Baptiste Martial Pradier (b. 1776 - d. 1805?)

3 Jul 1799 - Apr 1800 Jean Ambroise De Puydt (b. 1758 - d. 1836)

Prefects

Apr 1800 - 1805 Jean-Baptiste Étienne Garnier (b. 1756 - d. 1817)

1 Feb 1805 - 1810 Patrice Charles Ghislain de Coninck (b. 1770 - d. 1827)

d'Outrive 7 Aug 1810 - 8 Feb 1812 Jean-Baptiste Maximilien, baron (b. 1773 - d. 1847)

Villot de Fréville

9 Mar 1812 - 1814 Pierre Clément de Laussat (b. 1756 - d. 1835)

Intendants

14 Feb 1814 - 10 Mar 1814 Bonaventure Hyacinthe Joseph, (b. 1755 - d. 1831)

chevalier de Bousies (provisional)

10 Mar 1814 - 1815 Emmanuel Auguste Marie Joseph de

la Motte Baraffe de Lesdain (b. 1782 - d. 1852)(provisional)

Lys (Leie)

1 Oct 1795 French département de la Lys (Dutch: departement Leie) formed

from western Austrian (Belgian) Flanders

1814 End of French rule.

Feb 1814 - Sep 1815 Allied administration (then part of West Flanders province).

Commissioners 1795 - 1797 Jacques Devaux (b. 1766 - d. 1807)

1797 - 1798 Jean-François Baret (b. 1756 - d. 1800)

1798 - Apr 1799 Pierre Antoine, comte Herwyn de (b. 1753 - d. 1824)

Névèle

1799 - 1800 Fournier

Prefects

25 May 1800 - 12 Mar 1804 François Marie Joseph Justin de (b. 1736 - d. 1813)

Viry

12 Mar 1804 - 7 Apr 1804 Eugène Joseph Marie Goubau (interim) (b. 1761 - d. 1839)

7 Apr 1804 - 3 Nov 1810 Bernard François, marquis de (b. 1766 - d. 1832)

Chauvelin

30 Nov 1810 - 14 Aug 1811 Pierre Amédée Vincent Joseph Marie (b. 1767 - d. 1811)

Arborio-Biamino

25 Aug 1811 - 1814 Jean-François Soult (b. 1772 - d. 1823)

Intendants

14 Feb 1814 - Apr 1814 Bernard Van Severen(provisional) (b. 1761 - d. 1837)

11 Apr 1814 - Oct 1815 Constantin de Preud'homme d'Hailly

de Nieuport(provisional) (b. 1748 - d. 1835)

Meuse-Inférieure

Nov 1794 French département de la Meuse-Inférieure (Dutch: departement

Beneden-Maas) formed from southern Bishopric of Liege,

Limburg, and parts of Netherlands. 1 Oct 1795 Annexed to France. Feb 1814 End of French rule (then part of Limburg province and Prussian Jülich-Kleve-Berg province).

Commissioners30 Oct 1794 - 1795 Charles Clément Roemers (b. 1748 - d. 1838) (of Arrondissement de Maestricht) 1795 André Charles Membrède (b. 1758 - d. 1831) 1 Oct 1795 - 13 Aug 1796 Jean-Louis Rogier 23 Aug 1796 - Jun 1799 Nicholas Girard 13 Jun 1799 - 23 Apr 1800 François Alexandre Cavenne (b. 1773 - d. 1856)Prefects 2 Mar 1800 - 1800 Chateaugiron (did not take office) Apr 1800 - 1801 Jean-Henri Becays Ferrand, dit (b. 1736 - d. 1805) Ferrand de Lacaussade 2 Nov 1801 - 1805 Pierre Loisel (Loysel) (b. 1751 - d. 1813) 31 Jan 1806 - Feb 1814 Jean-Baptiste Roggieri (b. 1761 - d. 1827)Intendant 14 Feb 1814 Joseph Brandès (provisional)

(did not take office)

Ourthe

1 Oct 1795 French département de l'Ourthe (Dutch: departement Ourte) formed

from Principality of Stavelot, parts of Bishopric of Liège

and Duchy of Luxembourg, and some villages of County of Namur

and Duchy of Brabant.

1814 End of French rule (then mainly part of Liège province).

Commissioners

Sep 1794 - 1795 Provisional administration

1795 - Nov 1795 Louis Ghislain de Bouteville-Dumetz (b. 1746 - d. 1821)

18 Nov 1795 - 16 Dec 1795 Jean-Baptiste Winant Digneffe (b. 1761 - d. 1844)

16 Dec 1795 - May 1798 Jean Nicolas Bassenge (b. 1758 - d. 1811)

25 May 1798 - Aug 1799 Lambert Bassenge (b. 1757 - d. 1821)

20 Aug 1799 - 30 Mar 1800 Hauzeur-Simonon

Prefects

30 Mar 1800 - 4 Apr 1806 Antoine François Catherine (b. 1757 - d. 1830)

Desmousseaux de Givré

7 Apr 1806 - 1814 Charles Emmanuel, baron Micoud (b. 1753 - d. 1817)

d'Umons

Sambre-et-Meuse

1 Oct 1795 French département de Sambre-et-Meuse formed from County of Namur and parts of Luxembourg. 1814 End of French rule. Feb 1814 - Sep 1815 Allied administration (then part of Namur province).

CommissionersDec 1795 - Feb 1799 Chanteau11 Feb 1799 - 16 Feb 1799 Maurice Neukomm16 Feb 1799 - 1800? Pierre Gabriel Pascal Mallarmé (b. 1746 - d. 1830)

Prefects 2 Mar 1800 - Jan 1814 Emmanuel Pérès de Lagesse (b. 1752 - d. 1833) (from 14 Feb 1810, Emmanuel, baron Pérès de Lagesse) 2 Jan 1814 - 1814 Alban de Villeneuve-Bargemont (b. 1784 - d. 1850)Intendant 14 Feb 1814 - 1815 Gabriel Amour Joseph de Bruges de (b. 1766 - d. 1844) Branchon (provisional)

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