Books, Quotes & Death
Last Name: London Death City: Glen Ellen Death Year: 1916 Birth Year: 1876 Birth Month/Day: January 12 Birth City: San Francisco Death Month/Day: November 22 Death Month: 11 First Name: Jack Industry/Interest Area: Journalism and Nonfiction Death State: California Birth State: California Life Events/Experience: Were Arrested Life Events/Experience: Struggled with Alcoholism Industry/Interest Area: Fiction and Poetry Death Country: United States Birth Month: 1 Astrological Sign: Capricorn Birth Country: United States
Biography.com Editors
Jack London was a 19th century American author and journalist, best known for the adventure novels 'White Fang' and 'The Call of the Wild.'
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Biography
(1876-1916)

Who Was Jack London?

After working in the Klondike, Jack London returned home and began publishing stories. His novels, including The Call of the Wild, White Fang and Martin Eden, placed London among the most popular American authors of his time. London, who was also a journalist and an outspoken socialist, died in 1916.

Early Years

John Griffith Chaney, better known as Jack London, was born on January 12, 1876, in San Francisco, California. Jack, as he came to call himself as a boy, was the son of Flora Wellman, an unwed mother, and William Chaney, an attorney, journalist and pioneering leader in the new field of American astrology.

His father was never part of his life, and his mother ended up marrying John London, a Civil War veteran, who moved his new family around the Bay Area before settling in Oakland.

London grew up working-class. He carved out his own hardscrabble life as a teen. He rode trains, pirated oysters, shoveled coal, worked on a sealing ship on the Pacific and found employment in a cannery. In his free time he hunkered down at libraries, soaking up novels and travel books.

The Young Writer

His life as a writer essentially began in 1893. That year he had weathered a harrowing sealing voyage, one in which a typhoon had nearly taken out London and his crew. The 17-year-old adventurer had made it home and regaled his mother with his tales of what had happened to him. When she saw an announcement in one of the local papers for a writing contest, she pushed her son to write down and submit his story.

Armed with just an eighth-grade education, London captured the $25 first prize, beating out college students from Berkeley and Stanford.

For London, the contest was an eye-opening experience, and he decided to dedicate his life to writing short stories. But he had trouble finding willing publishers. After trying to make a go of it on the East Coast, he returned to California and briefly enrolled at the University of California at Berkeley, before heading north to Canada to seek at least a small fortune in the gold rush happening in the Yukon.

By the age of 22, however, London still hadn't put together much of a living. He had once again returned to California and was still determined to carve out a living as a writer. His experience in the Yukon had convinced him he had stories he could tell. In addition, his own poverty and that of the struggling men and women he encountered pushed him to embrace socialism.

In 1899 he began publishing stories in the Overland Monthly. The experience of writing and getting published greatly disciplined London as a writer. From that time forward, London made it a practice to write at least a thousand words a day.

Commercial Success

London found fame and some fortune at the age of 27 with his novel The Call of the Wild (1903), which told the story of a dog that finds its place in the world as a sled dog in the Yukon.

The success did little to soften London's hard-driving lifestyle. A prolific writer, he published more than 50 books over the last 16 years of his life. The titles included The People of the Abyss (1903), which offered a scathing critique of capitalism; White Fang (1906), a popular tale about a wild wolf dog becoming domesticated; and John Barleycorn (1913), a memoir of sorts that detailed his lifelong battle with alcohol.

He charged forth in other ways, too. He covered the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 for Hearst papers, introduced American readers to Hawaii and the sport of surfing, and frequently lectured about the problems associated with capitalism.

Final Years and Death

In 1900 London married Bess Maddern. The couple had two daughters together, Joan and Bess. By some accounts Bess and London's relationship was constructed less around love and more around the idea that they could have strong, healthy children together. It's not surprising, then, that their marriage lasted just a few years. In 1905, following his divorce from Bess, London married Charmian Kittredge, whom he would be with for the rest of his life.

For much of the last decade of his life, London faced a number of health issues. This included kidney disease, which ended up taking his life. He died at his California ranch, which he shared with Kittredge, on November 22, 1916.

QUICK FACTS

Name: Jack London

Birth Year: 1876

Birth date: January 12, 1876

Birth State: California

Birth City: San Francisco

Birth Country: United States

Gender: Male

Best Known For: Jack London was a 19th century American author and journalist, best known for the adventure novels 'White Fang' and 'The Call of the Wild.'

Industries

Fiction and Poetry

Journalism and Nonfiction

Astrological Sign: Capricorn

Death Year: 1916

Death date: November 22, 1916

Death State: California

Death City: Glen Ellen

Death Country: United States

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CITATION INFORMATION

Article Title: Jack London Biography

Author: Biography.com Editors

Website Name: The Biography.com website

Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/jack-london

Access Date:

Publisher: A&E; Television Networks

Last Updated: April 5, 2021

Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

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