Child Welfare Journal Archives – CWLA
https://www.cwla.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/swoosh-favicon.jpg
CHILD WELFARE JOURNAL ARCHIVES

Vol. 102, No. 1

Welcoming Child Welfare’s New Senior Editor

From the Editor: Prevention-centered Approaches in Child Welfare

Priscilla A. Day

Cultivating Well-being: A Theoretical Framework of Well-being,

Well-becoming, and Resiliency

Verletta Saxon, Heather L. Fox, Cassandra Williams and Terry LeNoir

Impacts of IDEA Part C EI Services on Child and Family Well-being

in the U.S. Child Welfare System

Ching-Shu Jing Fang

Integrated Substance Use Programs: Using Baseline Attitudinal Data

from Child Welfare Workers to Inform Implementation

Andrew Winters, Crystal Collins-Camargo and Martin T. Hall

Using a Critical Systems Approach to Improve Relations in

Tribal Child Welfare

Chelsea Taken Alive

Associations Between Foster Parent Characteristics and

Professional Quality of Life

Taylor Dowdy-Hazlett, Morgan Cooley, Shelby L. Clark, Ethan Engelhardt,

Jeffery Mitchell and Ryan K. Barney

Advancing Permanency and Success for Teens in Foster Care:

How the Foster Families Supporting Teen (FaST) Program Contributed

to Foster Care Stability and Teen Development

Liat Shklarski, Gerald P. Mallon and Jenisette Perez

Vol. 101, No. 6

Mechanisms of Racialization in the U.S. Child Welfare System:

How African Immigrant Families Become Black

Johara Suleiman

Reimagining Child Welfare: Paradigms that Support a System of Child

and Family Well-Being

Katie A. Ports, Whitney Rostad , Melissa Scardaville, Adam Troy,

Willie C.J. Harmon and Matthew Claps

Bridging the Gap: A Study of Disparities and Opportunities

for LGBTQ Youth in Foster Care

Richard Alboroto

“I Would Make Th is Place Mine”:

PhotoVoice Reflections of Youth with Foster Care Experience in a Precollegiate Program

Katherine Adams, Kimberly Skobba and Lori Tiller

Foster Caregiver Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators

to Providing Trauma-informed Care

Lulu Xu, Kara Banson, Nancy Byatt, Diane Lanni and Heather Forkey

Supporting a Successful Transition to Independence

for Youth in Residential Care Programs

Chad A. Parker

Vol. 101. No. 5

Culturally Responsive Services for Families in Child Welfare who are Immigrants and Refugees:

The Interaction between Cultural Competence at Individual and Organizational Levels

Jangmin Kim, Wooksoo Kim, Isok Kim, Qi Zhou and Krisztina Baltimore

What Master of Social Work Students with a Child Welfare Focus

Need to Know About Youth Who Sexually Harm

Adam Brown and Julie Glickman

Unraveling the Layers:

Developmental Challenges in Children Who Have Experienced Maltreatment

Richard Alboroto and Meripa Godinet

Preventing Unintentional Pediatric Window Falls:

Epidemiology, Strategies, and Policy Implications

Sarah Flores, Jennifer Barrows, Gary Taylor, Makenzie Ferguson, Jennifer Hayakawa

and Laura F. Goodman

Parent–child Communication and Children’s Mental Health:

The Mediating Effect of Peer Group Characteristics

Hongfei Li and Jian Mo

Exploring Interdisciplinary Collaboration to Support

Life Skills Education for Young Adults in Extended Foster Care

Amy Armstrong-Heimsoth, Heather J. Williamson, Anthony Thornton and Samantha Maloney

Vol. 101, No. 4

Child Welfare Workers’ Perceptions on Pandemic Service Disruptions and Areas of Improvement:

Working with Newcomer Families in Ontario, Canada, during COVID-19

Daniel Kikulwe, Derrick Ssewanyana and Sarah Maiter

Lessons Learned: Facilitating a Health and Wellness Intervention for Frontline Child Welfare Workers during COVID-19

Kara S. Haughtigan, Austin Griffiths, Kim Link, Oliver W.J. Beer and Lindsey Powell

Promoting Equity in Child Welfare through Culturally Responsive Workforce Development: A Pilot Study

Micki Washburn, Catherine LaBrenz, Jandel Crutchfield, Lacey Jenkins, Min Jin Choi and Scott Ryan

A Textual Analysis of Dental Neglect in the Child Abuse User Manual Series

Arthur Begotti Silva, Stephanie Anne Deutsch and Katheryn Goldman

The Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism: A Critical Literature Reviews

Almudena Otegui Carles, José Antonio Fraiz Brea, Noelia Araújo Vila

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Childhood Experiences and Childhood Neighborhood Cohesion and Safety

Jisuk Seon, Esther Son, Hyunkag Cho, Jungeun Olivia Lee, Seunghye Hong and Yein Yoon

Happy, Healthy, and Needs Met: How Kinship Caregivers Define Success and Well-being

Jaymie Lorthridge, Lucia M. Reyes, Elisa Rosman and Sarah Kaye

Vol. 101, No. 2 & No. 3

Special Issue: Opportunities for Child Welfare to Respond to Prenatal Alcohol and Other Substance Exposures

Special Foreword: Prenatal Substance Exposure and Child Welfare

A Constellation of Adversity: A Developmental Perspective on

Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in the Child Welfare System

Douglas Waite

Behavioral Impact of Childhood Traumatic Stress

in Children with Prenatal Substance Exposure

Philip Bowers, Julie Kable, Molly Millians and Claire D. Coles

Policy and Practice in Responding to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in California:

Challenges

and Opportunities

Sid Gardner

Iowa Children and Family Collaborative: An Integrated System of

Maternal and Child Behavioral Health Care

Ira J. Chasnoff , Miriam J. Landsman, Lauryn Muzny, Kathy Thompson, Gabriell Carpenter and Kayla A. Scanlan

FASD and Young Children in Foster Care: Early Detection and

Interventions for Caregivers

Sebastian Del Corral Winder, Amy Rinner and Amy Dickson

Exploring Child Welfare Practices to Care for Children

with Prenatal Substance Exposure

Kathleen Wang, Tammy Richards, Kathleen Kopiec, Sharon Newburg-Rinn and Jacquelyn Bertrand

Family Care Plans for Infants with Prenatal Substance Exposure

Margaret Lloyd Sieger, Cynthia Nichols, Ira J. Chasnoff, Emily Putnam-Hornstein,

Stephen W. Patrick and Michael Copenhaver

“The Problem’s Bigger than We Are”:

Understanding How Local Factors Influence Child Welfare

Responses to Substance Use in Pregnancy, A Qualitative Study

Sarah F. Loch, Alexandra Muhar, Kathryn Bouskill, Bradley D. Stein, Qi Shi,

Kemberlee Bonnet, David Schlundt, Margaret Lloyd Sieger,

Elizabeth Parker, Caroline Orgel and Stephen W. Patrick

Case Study of a Prevention-oriented, Strengths-based Approach to

Services for Prenatal Substance Exposure in a Tribal Child Welfare Agency

Erin Geary, Priscilla Day, Natalie Moyer, Amy Red Cloud, Andrea Goodwin and Cheri Goodwin

Vol 101, No. 1

From the Editor: Parting is Such Sweet Sorrow

Doorways to Adversity: Challenges of Youth Involved in Multiple Systems

Svetlana Yampolskaya

Child Protective Services Workers and Supervisor Responses to Unsafe Home Visit Experiences

Karlissa Wise, Joan Blakey, Andrea Dickey, Adam Chancy, Darrian Dawson and Leigh Beck

Experiences with and Perceptions of the Child Welfare System for Mothers Experiencing Incarceration

Susan J. Rose and Thomas P. LeBel

Experiences of Parents with Psychiatric Disabilities who have Child Welfare Involvement:

Perspectives from Parents and Staff Providing Legal Services

Miriam Heyman, Robyn Powell, Kimberly The and Monika Mitra

Gender Differences in Sex-related Education, Knowledge, and Attitudes

among Chinese Adolescents

Hongfei Li, Mantang Gan, Jing Chen, Xinlong Rao, Chengzhu Xiong, Xin Guan,

Dongdong Liu and Yanfen Liu

Safety in Oversight: A New Approach for Children’s Ombudsmen in Critical Incident Review

Moira K. O’Neill and Heather M. Kennedy

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Active Commuting to School on Children’s Well-being:

A Physical, Psychological, Social, and Academic Approach

Idoia Legorburu Fernández, Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon,

Argia Langarika-Rocafort, Maria Dosil-Santamaria and Naiara Berasategui

Vol. 100, No. 6

Special Issue: Understanding the Connection between Social Determinants of Health and Child Welfare

Special Foreword: The Intersection of Social Determinants of Health, Child Welfare, and Health Care

Cascading System Failures: How Systems Contribute to Poverty, Poor Health,

and Child Welfare Involvement, and how to Redress This

Shadi Houshyar, Elisa Minoff and Megan Martin

A Public Health Approach to Preventing Intergenerational Transmission of Substance Use Disorder:

Applying a Social Determinants of Health Framework to Child Welfare and Across Systems

Amanda D. Latimore, Elizabeth Schoyer, Sarah Mossburg, Brett Kellett, Taletha M. Derrington,

Koray Caglayan and Dajun Lin

DULCE: Addressing Social Determinants of Health by Connecting Families

to Concrete Supports as a Primary Prevention Approach to Child Welfare

Whitney Hewlett Noël, Martha L. Raimon, Samantha J. Morton, Lia Hsu-Rodriguez and Jayne Singer

Impacts of the Prevention and Aftercare Program in Los Angeles County:

A Propensity Score Analysis of Subsequent Child Protective Services Involvement

Lindsey Palmer, Jacquelyn McCroskey, John Prindle, Andrea Lane Eastman, Rebecca Rebbe and Regan Foust

Identifying Family Housing Stability: Exploring the Intersection of Social Determinants

of Health, Housing and Child Welfare Involvement

Leah Lindstrom Rhea, Amy Stetzel, Andrew Johnson, Karen Bartos and Frank Alexander

Redefining Culture in the CANS Assessment Tool to Improve Assessment

of the Social Determinants of Health

Maria E. Torres, Hannah E. Karpman and Thomas Mackie

Addressing the Social Determinants of Health to Stabilize Families in Crisis:

Lessons from the Field in Five Nations

Ian Forber-Pratt, Nicole Wilke and Trisha Weber

Vol. 100, No. 5

From the Editor: Pandemic as Metaphor

Parent Visits to Children in Foster Care and Institutional Care: What Impact do they Make?

Stéphanie Chartier and Adélaïde Blavier

The Life Circumstances of Diverse Parents with Disabilities with Child Welfare Involvement

Miriam Heyman, Frank Li, Luca Swinford and Monika Mitra

Online Parenting Information Through the Lens of Child Abuse Prevention:

A Content Analysis

Amy J.L. Baker, Marla R. Brassard, Julia Kagan, Bri Stormer, Kevin Lee Adkins III, Janet Rosenzweig and Naomi Chandler-Ofuya

Child Welfare Workforce Health: Exploring Stress, Burnout, Depression, and Sleep During COVID-19

Kim Link, Austin Griffiths, Kara Haughtigan, Oliver W. J. Beer and Lindsey Powell

COVID-19 and Servicing Youth in Foster Care Transitioning to Adulthood:

Challenges and Opportunities

Yuk C. Pang, Pond Ezra , Anna Stern, June Simon and Timothy Ross

Fetal and Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

Marian Swindell and Andrea Germany

The Impact of Family Resource Centers on Referral Rates to Child Protective Services:

A Comparison Group Study

Catherine Roller White, Paul Bonfanti, Peter J. Pecora, Jorge Cabrera and Toni Rozanski

Vol 100, No. 4

Special Issue: Promotion of Latino and Hispanic Child & Family Well-Being

From the Editor: Familismo

Special Foreword: Latinx and Child Welfare: A Status Update

Sociopolitical Indicators that may Influence Latinx Children’s and Youth’s

Entry into the Child Welfare System and Services

Jorge A. Velázquez

Porque Me Desahogué:

Expressive Writing as a Tool for School-based Trauma

Treatment in Central American Adolescents

Stephanie Carnes

Bilinguals Serving Latinx Families in Child Welfare

Vania Buck

The Role of the Foster Care Agency and Foster Parents in the Lives of Children

who are Unaccompanied Immigrants from Central America

Kerri Evans, Dominique Culley and Thomas M. Crea

Hispanic Family Resiliencies Improve with a Family-based Prevention Program, ¡Celebrando Familias!

Edward Cohen, Rosemary Tisch, Maria Ramirez and Toni Torres

An Examination of Latinx Immigrant Families’ Social Service Needs

Following a Deportation-related Family Separation

Kristina Lovato and Laura S. Abrams

Exploring the Experiences of of Latinx Immigrant Families

who are Undocumented during the COVID-19 Pandemic through an Ecosystemic Perspective

Laura Jeannette Ramirez Diaz, Kaeli Flannery, Martie Gillen and Suzanna Smith

Latinx Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Language

Kathryn E. Parr, Mollie Lazar Charter, Juliany Polar, Shireena McGee and Harini Buch

Child Welfare and Latinx Immigration: The Connecticut Experience

Loida Reyes, Carlos A. Torre and Jennifer Avenia

Vol. 100, No. 3

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations of Parent Advocates Working with Families in Child Welfare

Marina Lalayants and Inga Saitadze

Addressing Child Welfare through Comprehensive Early Intervention during COVID-19

Erika J. Hildebrandt, Alegnta F. Felleke, Rebecca J. Gomez, April C. Bowie-Viverette and Angela Matijczak

Children’s Social Workers’ Views on Cultural Sensitivity in Mandated Reporting

Michelle R. Cox , Bryan D. Bowens and Terrance D. Newman

Untangling the Effects of Welfare and Poverty on Children’s Involvement in Bullying

Jun Sung Hong, Jungtae Choi, Yolanda C. Padilla, Chi-Fang Wu, Na Youn Lee, and Dorothy L. Espelage

Characteristics of Family Treatment Courts, the Families They Serve,

and Their Capacity to Meet the Demands of their Communities

Michael Shattuck Rodi, Jessica A. Dahlgren, Lyndsey Smith and Katherine Kissick

Ethnic Minority Children’s Perceptions of Violence Exposure in Communities

Caleb Kim, Rana Hong and Philip Young P. Hong

Closing the Racial Wealth Gap:

The Potential for Unconditional Cash Benefits to Reduce Racial Disproportionality in the Child Welfare System

Katherine M. Ginn, Brittani Kindle and Valerie Pacino

Vol. 100, No. 1 & No. 2

Special Issue: Transforming Child Welfare through Anti-Racist Approaches

From the Editor: ‘Why are All the Kids Black and All the Staff White?’: Anti-racism Work in Child Welfare

Introduction: Transforming Child Welfare through Anti-Racist Approaches

Approaches from Related Fields to Integrate Anti-racist Initiatives into Child Welfare

Anita P. Barbee, Andrew M. Winters and Emma M. Sterrett-Hong

Racial Disproportionality and Disparity in Child Welfare:

A Problem With ‘Bias’ in the Research

Reiko Boyd

Investing in Families through Economic Supports:

An Anti-racist Approach to Supporting Families and Reducing Child Welfare Involvement

Alexandra Citrin, Megan Martin and Clare Anderson

Beyond Human-centered Design:

The Promise of Antiracist Community-centered Approaches in Child Welfare Program and Policy Design

Sonya Soni, Jessica Mason and Jermeen Sherman

‘Our Agency Doesn’t Like to Use the Word Racism Let Alone Talk about It’:

Firsthand Stories of Workplace Racism in Child Welfare

Sreyashi Chakravarty and Catherine K. Lawrence

‘They Don’t Understand Us and are Afraid of Us’:

Black Social Workers’ Perspectives on the Role of Anti-Blackness within Foster Care Service Provision to Black Children

Dominique Mikell Montgomery

Aunties, Uncles, Me Maws, and Play Cousins:

Exploring Trends in Formal Kinship Care for Black Families in Texas

Sherri Y. Simmons-Horton, Tanya N. Rollins, Richard Harris and Ashley Blackmore

Child Welfare Services: Its Ontology of Colonial Difference

Mirna E. Carranza

Families with Black Caregivers Were More Likely to Reunify?

Explaining Findings from a RCT for Families who are Housing-unstable and Have Children in Foster Care

Cyleste Collins, Rong Bai , David Crampton and Rob Fischer

Parenting Amid Child Welfare Oversight: A Case Study of a Black Mother

Darcey H. Merritt, Rachel D. Ludeke and Kimberly D. Hudson

Closing the Front Door of Child Protection: Rethinking Mandated Reporting

Miriam Itzkowitz and Katie Olson

Using Institutional Analysis to Examine the Systemic Sources of

Racial Disproportionality and Disparity: A Case Example

Kelechi Wright, Becci A. Akin, Kaela Byers, Sarah McCall, Dennis Alford, Amittia Parker, Shelby L. Clark,

Nina Shaw-Woody, Melinda Kline, Nozella Brown, Evelyn Hill , Sharon Davis-Mays, Wes Parham and Rhonda Rush

Real or Imagined: Racial Bias in Family Assessments

Michele D. Hanna and Stephanie Rogers

Navigating Racism in the Child Welfare System:

The Impact on Black Children, Families, and Practitioners

Nia I. Cantey, Lamar W. Smith, Shemeka Frazier Sorrells, Dianne Kelly, Candis Jones and Deborah Burrus

Vol. 99, No. 6

From the Editor: Protection: What All Children and Youth Need

Fostering Success in Higher Education: An Evaluation of a Holistic Model

to Bridge Gaps for Foster Care Alumni and Youth who have been Displaced

Taylor Ellis, Holly Register, Stefanie Binion and Kristin W. Alberda

Infants Born to Mothers in Buprenorphine Treatment during Pregnancy: Involvement with Child Protective Services

Alane B. O’Connor, Liam M. O’Brien, Katelyn Staring, Laura Gurenlian and William Alto

Trajectories of Foster Care Entry for Infants’ Substance Exposure in States

Hyesu Yeo, Allison Dunnigan, Rachel Annette Fusco and Madison Watson

Child Welfare Policies and Practices Regarding Children with Prenatal Exposure

to Alcohol and Other Drugs: An Exploratory Study

Kristen Usher, Ashley Brizzo, Christine Leicht, Sharon Newburg-Rinn,

Megan R. Reynolds, Heather McCann and Jacquelyn Bertrand

Identifying the Relationship between Implementation and Outcomes

of Foster Youth Advisory Boards in the United States: The Push for Accountability

Brad Forenza and Judy Havlicek

The Safe Systems Improvement Tool:

A Quality Improvement Approach to Learning from Child Fatalities and Other Critical Incidents in Child Welfare

Michael J. Cull, Tiff any O. Lindsey, Elizabeth N. Riley and John S. Lyons

Vol. 99, No. 5

From the Editor: Meaningful and Authentic Family Engagement

Child Maltreatment, Peer Victimization, Bystander Intervention Outcomes,

and Survivors’ Long-term Health

Hyunkag Cho, Esther Son, Jisuk Seon, Sung Hyun Yun, Ga-Young Choi and Jungeun Olivia Lee

Head Start Impact on Social–emotional Outcomes Among Children

from Families who are Low-income: Interaction Effects of Parental Outcomes

Kyunghee Lee and Kayla Kreutzer

Family Treatment Drug Court Cost Analysis: An In-depth Look at the Cost

and Savings of a Southeastern Family Treatment Drug Court

Ashley R. Logsdon, Becky F. Antle and Cindy Kamer

Safety Science, Innovation, and Change in a State Child Welfare System:

A Case Study

James M. Nyce, Noel Hengelbrok and Scott Modell

Authentic Family Engagement and Strengthening:

A Promising Family-Centered Approach for Advancing Racial Justice with Families

Involved with the Child Protection System

Corey Best, Morgan E. Cooley, Marianna L. Colvin and Vaughn Crichlow

An Evaluation of a Diversionary Program for Children of Color

on Reentry into the Child Welfare System

Mathangi Swaminathan

Vol. 99, Nos. 3 & 4

Special Issue: Poverty, Race, and Child Welfare

From the Editor: Poverty and Child Welfare

Special Foreword: Family Poverty, Racism, and the Pandemic: From Crises to Opportunity for Transformation

The Need for Justice in Child Welfare

Jerry Milner and David Kelly

Neglect as Collective Failure to Provide for Children: Toward a New Theoretical Approach

Anne Blumenthal

Racial Bias, Poverty, and the Notion of Evidence

Alan J. Dettlaff , Reiko Boyd, Darcey Merritt, Jason Anthony Plummer and James D. Simon

Studying the Spaces around Families:

Critical Considerations for Neighborhood Research Methods Related to Child Protection Involvement

Johanna Caldwell, Ashleigh Delaye and Tonino Esposito

Poverty and the Overrepresentation of First Nations Children

in the Quebec Youth Protection System

Patricia Montambault, Maude Ostiguy-Lauzon, Marie-Pier Paul,

Carl Lacharité and Tonino Esposito

‘I Would Never Want to Live That Again’: Centering Mothers’ Acquired Knowledge

to Better Understand their Experiences in Child Welfare Prevention Services

Linda M. Callejas, Lakshmi Jayaram and Anna Davidson Abella

Poverty’s Pathways: How Poverty Hinders Parents’ Efforts to Reunify

with their Children Placed in Foster Care

Amy D’Andrade

Effects of Length and Predictability of Poverty Spells on Probability

of Subsequent Substantiated Allegations of Child Maltreatment

Ignacio Navarro

Association Between Community-Level Material Hardships and Foster Care Entry

by Race/Ethnicity

Holly J. White-Wolfe, Raphaël Charron-Chénier and Ramona Denby-Brinson

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Safety Net Policy Responses:

Implications for Child Maltreatment Prevention

Michelle Johnson-Motoyama

Vol. 99, No. 2

From the Editor: What We Say and What We Do Matters

Striving for Success: Youth Formerly in Foster Care and their Ability to Lead Successful Lives

Donald Jackson and Carla Cesaroni

Attitudes toward Transracial Adoption Among African American MSW Students

Jaegoo Lee, Trenia L. Allen, Bridgette Harris and Tamara Pace-Glover

Motivation to Foster Among Single Foster Parents

Morgan E. Cooley, Brittany P. Mihalec-Adkins, Heather M. Thompson and Aakansha Mehrotra

Do Parenting Resources Sufficiently Oppose Physical Punishment?:

A Review of Books, Programs, and Websites

Amy J.L. Baker, Stacie Schrieffer LeBlanc and Mel Schneiderman

Safety Assessment and Family Evaluation Model:

A Systematic, Change-Based Approach to Public Child Welfare Intervention

Todd Holder

‘There’s Just a Certain Armor that You Have to Put On’:

Navigating College as a Youth with Foster Care Experience

Susan A. Dumais and Naomi J. Spence

Vol. 99, No. 1

From the Editor: The Sting of Homelessness among Youth Exiting the Foster Care System

Prevalence of Risk and Protective Factors for

Homelessness among Youth in Foster Care

G. Lawrence Farmer, Janna C. Heyman, Peggy L. Kelly and Tara Linh Leaman

Women in the Waves: Learning from Mothers in Recovery through Photovoice

Heather Howard and Marianna L. Colvin

Understanding and Partnering with Amish Communities to Keep Children Safe

Jeanette Harder

Providing Parents with Advice about Alternatives to Psychological Maltreatment:

A Survey of Professionals in the Field of Child Maltreatment

Amy J. L. Baker, Marla R. Brassard and Janet F. Rosenzweig

Systematic Review of Foster Parent Recruitment

Ryan Hanlon, Alanna Feltner, Angelique Day, Lori Vanderwill,

JaeRan Kim and Elise J. Dallimore

A Case Study of the Nutritional Status of Children Living

in a Residential Care Institution in Mexico City

Claudia Nieto, Georgina Ibáñez, Benjamin Aceves, Isabel Valero-Morales,

Yareni Gutiérrez-Gómez and Ana Gabriela Maafs-Rodríguez

Vol. 98, No. 6

Special Issue: Global Perspectives on Child Protection and Neglect

Special Foreword: The Importance of Cross-National Collaboration

Katharine Briar-Lawson, Christine James-Brown and Donna Petras

From the Editor: Go Fast Alone or Go Far Together?

Child Protection in Ethiopia’s Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR):

Conceptual Understanding, Policy, and Practice

Meseret Kassahun Desta

Neglect of Young Children in South Africa:

Implications for Prevention, Identification, and Intervention

Kim Schmidt and Lenette Azzi-Lessing

Tanzanian Child Welfare Policy Since British Colonial Rule:

From Probation to Social Welfare

Amana Mbise, Theresa Kaijage, Paul Mwangosi, Naftali Ng’ondi, Jeanne Ndyetabura,

Zainab Kitembe, Daudi Chanila and Rita Minga

Thinking and Learning Together: Applying an Educational Intervention

for Children Affected by Violence in Northern Uganda to a U.S. Classroom

Martha Bragin, Joseph Mikulka, Opiro Wirefred George, Michael Lewis and Sam Guzzardi

P.I.P.P.I.: The Program of Intervention for the Prevention of Institutionalization:

Integrating Intervention, Training, Research, and Policy to Support Families and Professional

Marco Ius

Child Welfare Services: Considerations for Disaster Planning Preparedness

Hilda P. Rivera-Rodríguez and Jennifer Oliveras-Del Río

Family-Centered Anti-Poverty Strategies to Address Child Neglect

Katharine Briar-Lawson, Jessica A. Pryce and Salome Raheim

Resourcing the System and Enhancing Relationships:

Pathways to Positive Outcomes for Children Impacted by Abuse and Neglect

Allison Cox, Bruce D. Perry and Margarita Frederico

Enabling Community-led Child Protection:

The Journey of an Experimental Field Site in Madhubani Bihar, India

Kajol (Devasmita) Menon and Nicole Rangel

Case Study: Taiwan’s Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention:

The Child and Youth High-Risk Family Program

Pai Li-Fang

Vol. 98, No. 5

From the Editor: Yes, Words Do Matter

Assessing Trauma in American Indian/Alaska Native Parents as an ICWA Active Effort

Nancy M. Lucero, Marian Bussey, and Tabitha Carver-Roberts

Transitioning Children in Foster Care to Adoptive Homes

Redmond Reams

An Analysis of the Demographic Predictors of the Use of a Louisiana Parenting Helpline

Lisa M. Olson

Social Work Degrees and Title IV-E Stipends:

Predictive Factors for Worker Retention in Public Child Welfare

Patrick Leung, Monit Cheung, and Lindamarie Olson

Do Race, Racial Disproportionality, and Disparities

Remain Foci of Child Welfare?: Words Matter

Harold E. Briggs, Christi P. Hardeman, Leon Banks, Adam C. Briggs,

Junior Lloyd Allen, June Gary Hopps, and Daniel McCrary

Vol. 98, No. 4

From the Editor: The Impact of Trauma-Informed Care and Cultural Humility

in Child Welfare Systems

Trauma-Informed Care Intervention for Culture and Climate Change

within a Child Welfare Agency

Molly M. Garwood, Maria R. Beyer, Jennifer Hammel, Tricia Schutz, and Heather A. Paradis

Effectiveness of Critical Ongoing Resource Family Education Teen Edition (CORE-Teen):

Support for Resource Parents of Teens who are American Indian

Angelique Day, Stacie Tao, Nicolas Squirrell, Sasha Jumper, Meghan Arnold, and Suzanne Cross

Foster Parent Perceptions of Feeding Infants Prenatally Exposed to Substance Use

Sara E. Moore

Intersectionality and Child Welfare Policy: Implications for Black Women,

Children, and Families

Abigail Williams-Butler, Kate E. Golden, Alicia Mendez, and Breana Stevens

A Multi-Level Analysis of the Effects of Independent Living Programs

Chun Liu

Implementing Trauma Screening and Trauma Assessment in Child Welfare:

The Journey of Seven Colorado Counties

Christine Rizzo, Stephanie Seng, Marc Winokur, Catherine Weaver,

Thad Paul, and Lise Youngblade

Vol. 98, No, 3

From the Editor: Black and Brown Children’s and Families’ Lives Matter:

Addressing Racial Bias and Oppressive Policies and Practices in the U.S. Child Welfare System

We Can Do Better:

Mitigating Negatively Racialized Attitudes in Child Welfare through Self-awareness Training

Adrianne M. Crawford Fletcher and Tohoro Akakpo

Strengthening Caregivers’ Adoption Experiences through Support Services

Marina Lalayants

Frontline Worker Perceptions of Organizational Supports

to Promote Evidence Use in Private Child Welfare Agencies

Crystal Collins-Camargo, Emmeline Chuang, Nicole Lauzus, Amy Bonilla,

and Bowen McBeath

Perceptions of Workload and Job Impact as Predictors

of Child Welfare Worker Health Status

Austin Griffiths, David Royse, Chris Flaherty and Crystal Collins-Camargo

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Trends in Infant Foster Care Admissions

Margaret H. Lloyd Sieger and Jessica Becker

Outcomes of Young Adults Aging out of Foster Care: A Latent Class Analysis

Pedro M. Hernandez and Jaegoo Lee

Vol. 98, No. 2

Governors as Policy Entrepreneurs: Setting the Agenda for Children

Mary Elizabeth Collins and Sook Hyun Kim

Understanding the Role of Coaching in Implementing and Sustaining

Interventions in Child Welfare: A Review of the Literature

April Allen, Nancy Hafer and Susan Brooks

Mental Health Screening in Treatment Foster Care

Bonnie D. Kerker, Carol A. Quinlan, Glenn N. Saxe and Erika Tullberg

The Context-Specific Service Provision of CASA

Colleen Cary Katz, Kerry Moles, Peggy Grauwiler and Sloan Silverman Post

A Model to Improve Educational Stability Collaborations between

Child Welfare and Educational Agencies: Applying the Theory of Collaborative Advantage

Kalah M. Villagrana

Understanding Individual and Organizational Factors Related to the Implementation Fidelity of the Family Finding Intervention to Support Youth in Foster Care who are Transitioning to Independent Living

Liat Shklarski

Vol. 98, No. 1

‘We’re the Eyes for these Children 24 Hours a Day’: Foster Parents’ Understanding of their Role as Foster Carers

Corey S. Shdaimah and Jonas Rosen

The Perception of Mentors and Mentorship among Youth at Risk in the Russian Federation

Alexandra Telitsyna, Tatiana Arakantseva, and Olga Zavodilkina

Examining Social Support Needs of Emerging Adults Transitioning out of Foster Care

Francine E. Packard and Lorraine T. Benuto

Social Inclusion Outcomes: Evaluation of Proyecto Nacer’s Model

Anayra Tua and Srikanta Banerjee

Suicide Prevention Training in the Child Welfare Workforce: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Patterns Prior to and Following safeTALK Training

Eskira Kahsay, Christina S. Magness, Seth Persky, Patricia K. Smith, and Cynthia Ewell Foster

Vol. 97, No. 5 & 6

Special Issue: Twenty Years after the Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 (‘Chafee’): What We Know Now About Meeting the Needs of Teens and Young Adults

Special Foreword: Twenty Years after the Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 (‘Chafee’): What We Know Now About Meeting the Needs of Teens and Young Adults

Cassandra Simmel and Victoria Kelly

Ensuring Young People Flourish: Applying the Science of Adolescent Development through the Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative

Jeffrey M. Poirier, Leslie Gross, Alex Lohrbach, Leonardo Johnson and Sandra Wilkie

Factors Predicting Patterns of Service Use among John F. Chafee Independent Living Services Recipients

Alfred G. Pérez, Richard J. Harris and Ka Ho Brian Chor

Countdown to 21: Outcomes from a Transition Support Program for Older Youth Exiting Foster Care

Sonya J. Leathers, Beth L. Vande Voort, Kuan Xing, Kevin Walsh, Jill E. Spielfogel, Lee Annes, Tracy Frizzell and Dondieneita Fleary-Simmons

Educational Trajectories of Youth Formerly in Foster Care who are LGBTQ: Before, During, and After Emancipation

Sarah Mountz, Moshoula Capous-Desyllas and Lalaine Sevillano

‘That Piece of Paper is Your Golden Ticket’: How Stigma and Connection Influence College Persistence among Students who are Care Leavers

John Paul Horn

Factors Associated with Postsecondary Engagement for Youth Leaving Foster Care: An Analysis Using the National Youth in Transition Database

Amy M. Salazar, John Paul Horn and Michael J. Cleveland

We Need That Person That Doesn’t Give up on Us’: The Role of Social Support in the Pursuit of Post-Secondary Education for Youth with Foster Care Experience who are Transition-Aged

Colleen C. Katz and Jennifer M. Geiger

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Sexual Well-being among Youth Formerly in the Foster Care System

Richard A. Brandon-Friedman and J. Dennis Fortenberry

Identifying Strategic Entry Points for Services among Transition-aged Mothers who are Homeless

Mayra K. Cazares and Julia Hernández

Bridging the Transition: What Makes for Success in a Formal Mentoring Program for Youth Exiting Foster Care?

Sarah C. Narendorf, Reiko Boyd, Caitlyn Mytelka, Katy Vittoria and Mary Green

‘There are a Lot of Good Things that Come Out of it at the End’: Voices of Resilience in Youth Formerly in Foster Care During Emerging Adulthood

Kim Hokanson, Sarah Elizabeth Neville, Samantha Teixeira, Erin Singer, and Stephanie Cosner Berzin

Strategies for Engaging Youth Currently and Formerly in Foster Care in Child Welfare Policy Advocacy: Lessons from the New England Youth Coalition (NEYC)

Astraea Augsberger, Noor Toraif, Julie Sweeney Springwater, Grace Hilliard Koshinsky and Linda Sprague Martinez

Supporting the Healthy Development of Adolescents with Lived Experience in Foster Care: The Youth Thrive Framework

Lisa Mishraky, Susan Notkin and Sarah B. Greenblatt

Mentoring for Teens with Child Welfare Involvement: Permanency Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial of the Fostering Healthy Futures for Teens Program

Heather N. Taussig, Kimberly Bender, Rachel Bennett, Katie Massey Combs, Orah Fireman and Robyn Wertheimer

Meeting Teens’ Needs and Preventing Unnecessary Out-of-Home Placements in Delaware

Karen Angelici, Jaime Dohn and Pamela Clarkson Freeman

From Data to Practice: The Impact of Placement with Family on Permanency and Well-Being

Jorge Cabrera, Matthew Claps, Kirk O’Brien, Yvonne H. Roberts, Whitney L. Rostad, Toni Rozanski, Stephen Shimshock and Amy Sharp Zimmermann

Early Warning Indicators of Dropping Out of School for Teens Who Experienced Foster Care

Elysia V. Clemens, Trent Lalonde, Kristin Klopfenstein and Alison Sheesley

Transition Age Youth (TAY) Needs Assessment: Feedback from TAY and Providers Regarding TAY Services, Resources, and Training

Tawny R. Spinelli, Tracey J. Riley, Nicole E. St. Jean, Jessica D. Ellis, Jonathan E. Bogard and Cassandra L. Kisiel

Speaking Back to the System: Recommendations for Practice and Policy from the Perspectives of Youth Formerly in Foster Care who are LGBTQ

Sarah Mountz, Moshoula Capous-Desyllas and Nayeli Perez

‘Not Independent Enough’: Exploring the Tension Between Independence and Interdependence among Former Youth in Foster Care who are Emerging Adults

Kim Hokanson, Kate E. Golden, Erin Singer and Stephanie Cosner Berzin

Connect: An Attachment-Based and Trauma-Informed Program for Foster Parents of Teens

Marlene M. Moretti, Katherine A. O’Donnell and Victoria Kelly

Long-Term Economic Benefit of Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) for Adolescent Females Referred to Congregate Care for Delinquency

Lisa Saldana, Mark Campbell, Leslie Leve and Patricia Chamberlain

A Longitudinal Examination of Service Utilization and Trauma Symptoms among Young Women with Prior Foster Care and Juvenile Justice System Involvement

Daschel J. Franz, Amanda M. Griffin, Lisa Saldana and Leslie D. Leve

Examining Non-response Bias in the National Youth in Transition Database

Rachel Rosenberg, Claire Kelley, Sarah Kelley and Alaina Flannigan

Transitioning from Foster Care to Independence: Lessons from Recent Research and Next Steps

Mary Elizabeth Collins

Vol. 97, No. 4

From the Editor: Let’s Stop the Inhumane Practice of Separating Children From Their Families

Hearing the Voices of Young Adult Adoptees: Perspectives on Adoption Agency Practice

Krystal K. Cashen, Dominique K. Altamari, Harold D. Grotevant and Ruth G. McRoy

Training Strategies in Child Welfare and their Association with Certification Outcomes

Mi Jin Choi, Carla S. Stover and Pamela E. Aeppel

A Systems Approach to Child Death Review

Noel Hengelbrok, Scott Modell, Tom Cheetham and James M. Nyce

A Decade in Review of Trends in Social Work Literature: The Link between Poverty and Child Maltreatment in the United States

Ashley L. Landers, Domenica H. Carrese and Robin Spath

30 Days to Family®: Confirming Theoretical and Actual Outcomes

Anne J. Atkinson

Vol. 97, No. 3

From the Editor: The Career-Long Benefits of Supervisory Wisdom

Culture and Emotional Well-Being in Adolescents who are American Indian/Alaska Native: A Review of Current Literature

Puneet Sahota

Relationships between the Working Alliance, Engagement in Services, and Barriers to Treatment for Female Caregivers with Depression

Emily Hamovitch, Mary Acri and Geetha Gopalan

An Integrative Model for Taming the Storm: Casework Supervision in Child Protection Services

for Working with Families Involved in High-Conflict Child Custody Disputes

Michael Saini, Kristina Nikolova and Tara Black

Retention of Child Welfare Caseworkers: The Wisdom of Supervisors

Austin Griffiths, Patricia Desrosiers, Jay Gabbard, David Royse and Kristine Piescher

Use of Technology to Facilitate Practice Improvement in Trauma-Informed Child Welfare Systems

Crystal Collins-Camargo, Jessica Strolin and Becci Akin

Social Inclusion Model: An Adolescent Parents Intervention Case Study for Measuring Social

Inclusion Outcomes

Anayra Tua and Srikanta Banerjee

Vol. 97, No. 2

From the Editor: Promoting Well-Being: The Importance of Compassionate Siblings, Caring Foster Parents, Supportive Peers, and Loving Grandparents in the Lives of Children and Youth

Victim Narratives of Sibling Emotional Abuse

Courtney McDonald and Katherine Martinez

The State of Evaluations of Campus-Based Support Programs Serving Foster Care Alumni in Higher Education

Lisa Schelbe, Angelique Day, Jennifer M. Geiger and Megan Hayes Piel

Foster Parent Skills and Dilemmas: A Qualitative Study

Liat Shklarski

Kinship Care for Children who are American Indian/Alaska Native: State of the Evidence

Puneet Chawla Sahota

School-aged Children Living in Grandfamilies: Grandparent Caregiver Confidence in Community Resources Matters

Tamar E. Shovali, Kerstin G. Emerson and McKenzie Augusta

Vol. 97, No. 1

From the Editor: The Perils of Research Misuse — and the Importance of IRBs

Attachment Theory, Supervision, and Turnover in Child Welfare

M. Elizabeth Bowman

Formal and Informal Social Support and Academic Achievement among College Students with Unstable Childhood Experiences

Jisuk Seon, Kristen A. Prock, Joshua D. Bishop, Anne K. Hughes, Amanda T. Woodward and Sister Miriam MacLean

Psychological Maltreatment: The Response of Quebec Child Protection Services

Claire Malo, Sonia Hélie, Chantal Lavergne and Jacques Moreau

Family Earnings and Transfer Income among Families Involved with Child Welfare

Ji Young Kang, Jennifer Romich, Jennifer L. Hook, JoAnn Lee and Maureen Marcenko

Evaluation in Multiple Sites of the Safe Babies Court Team Approach

Cecilia Casanueva, Sarah Harris, Christine Carr, Chelsea Burfeind and Keith Smith

A Grounded Theory Study of Organizational Readiness for Change in Public Child Welfare: Developing a Theoretical Model

Natallie Gentles-Gibbs and Hyejin Kim

An Exploratory Study of Prospective Foster Parents’ Experiences during the Licensing Process

Laurie Friedman

Vol. 96, No. 5 & No. 6

Special Issue: The Intersection of Immigration and Child Welfare

Special Foreword: The Intersection of Immigration and Child Welfare

State Immigration Enforcement Policies and Material Hardship for Immigrant Families

Julia Gelatt, Heather Koball, and Hamutal Bernstein

Detached and Afraid: U.S. Immigration Policy and the Practice of Forcibly Separating Parents and Young Children at the Border

Benjamin J. Roth, Thomas M. Crea, Jayshree Jani, Dawnya Underwood, Robert G. Hasson III, Kerri Evans, Michael Zuch, and Emily Hornung

Unraveling Disparities in Child Neglect Risk between Hispanics who are Immigrants and those Born in the United States: A Social-Ecological Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling

Michelle Johnson-Motoyama and Wei Wu

Parental Detention and Deportation in Child Welfare Cases

Prudence Beidler Carr

Promising Practices and Policies to Support Grandfamilies that Include Immigrants

Ana Beltran and Cristina Ritchie Cooper

Working across Borders: Effective Permanency Practices at the Intersection of Child Welfare and Immigration

Jorge Cabrera, Yvonne Humenay Roberts, Ada Lopez, Leo Lopez, Ana Zepeda, Robin Sanchez, Carol Punske, George Gonzalez, Maria Nuño, Lily Garay-Castro, Iris Lopez, Terri Aguilera-Flemming, and Yoshimi Pelczarski

A Pathway to Permanency: Collaborating for the Futures of Children who are Immigrants in the Child Welfare System

Joanne Gottesman, Randi Mandelbaum, and Meredith Pindar

Exploring the Needs of Children and Families who are Immigrants and Involved in Child Welfare: Using a Title IV-E Learning Community Model

Robin Hernandez-Mekonnen and Dawn Konrady

Supporting Youth at the Intersection of Immigration and Child Welfare Systems

Alexandra Citrin, Megan Martin, and Shadi Houshyar

Outcomes for Youth Served by the Unaccompanied Refugee Minor Foster Care Program: A Pilot Study

Kerri Evans, Morgan Pardue-Kim, Thomas M. Crea, Lindsay Coleman, Kylie Diebold, and Dawnya Underwood

Well-Being and Permanency: The Relevance of Child Welfare Principles for Children Who are Unaccompanied Immigrants

Adam Avrushin and Maria Vidal de Haymes

Vol. 96, No. 4

From the Editor: Stepping Out and Stepping In—Learning to Negotiate the Role of Parenting an Adult with Disabilities

Invisible Parents: Foster Home Licensing Transparency on State-Level Websites

Andrew I. Repp and Jennifer M. Geiger

Fostering the Initiation of Discretionary Psychotropic Medication Reviews by Child Welfare Caseworkers

Heather J. Walter and David R. DeMaso

Implications for Practice: Risks to Youth in Boomtowns

Thomasine Heitkamp and Roni Mayzer

Examination of the Influence of Court Disposition Status (Under Investigation, Founded) on Pre-Intervention Assessment Results in Child Protective Services Referrals

Brad Donohue, Christopher P. Plant, Kimberly A. Barchard, Jesse Scott and Marina Galante

Parental Supports for Parents with Disabilities: The Importance of Informal Supports

Elizabeth Lightfoot, Traci LaLiberte and Minhae Cho

Building Effective Child Welfare-Early Care & Education Inter-Agency Partnerships: Lessons from Research

Sacha Klein and Susan M. Jekielek

Vol. 96, No. 3

From the Editor: Thriving Rather than Tweeting

The Relationship between State Supports and Post-Secondary Enrollment among Youth Aging Out of Foster Care: An Analysis of the National Youth in Transition Database

Toni Terling Watt, Seoyoun Kim and Kaytlin Garrison

Social Support among Parents of Children with ADHD in Vietnam: Psychometric Properties of the Family Support Scale

Nam-Phuong Hoang

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Knowledge of Health Care and Legal Professionals

Ira J. Chasnoff, Gail Barber, Jody Brook and Becci A. Akin

Optimizing Knowledge of Maternal and Non-maternal Risk Factors in Child Maltreatment Investigations: The Utility of Administrative Data

Sheridan Miyamoto, Patrick S. Romano, Emily Putnam-Hornstein, Holly Thurston, Madan Dharmar and Jill G. Joseph

Effect of Mental Health Treatment, Juvenile Justice Involvement, and Child Welfare Effectiveness on Severity of Mental Health Problems

Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Eprise Armstrong Richardson and James A. Hall

The Impacts of Domestic Violence on Children: Perspectives from Women in Malaysia who Experience Abuse

Mariny Abdul Ghani

Vol. 96, Nos. 1 & 2

Special Issue: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity/ Expression, and Child Welfare

From the Editor: Gay and No Place to Go, Redux

Special Foreword: It is Time to Start Counting Kids Who are LGBTQ in Child Welfare

Tracey Feild

Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative: Experiences and Outcomes of Youth who are LGBTQ

Jeffrey M. Poirier, Sandy Wilkie, Kristin Sepulveda and Tania Uruchima

Creating Safer Spaces for Youth who are LGBTQ in Broward County, Florida: Collecting SOGIE Data for Life-Coaching Services

Marissa L. Greif-Hackett and Sue Gallagher

Strengthening Family Connections and Support for Youth in Foster Care who Identify as LGBTQ: Findings from the PII-RISE Evaluation

Jaymie Lorthridge, Marneena Evans, Leanne Heaton, Andrea Stevens and Lisa Phillips

Gender Diversity and Child Welfare Research: Empirical Report and Implications of the Los Angeles County Foster Youth Study

Soon Kyu Choi and Bianca D. M. Wilson

‘Because We’re Fighting to Be Ourselves’: Voices from Former Foster Youth who are Transgender and Gender Expansive

Sarah Mountz, Moshoula Capous-Desyllas and Elizabeth Pourciau

Queering the Question: Using Survey Marginalia to Capture Gender Fluidity in Housing and Child Welfare

Amy Castro Baker, Kel Kroehle, Henisha Patel and Carrie Jacobs

Reversing Erasure of Youth and Young Adults Who are LGBTQ and Access Homelessness Services: Asking about Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Pronouns

Jama Shelton, Jeffrey M. Poirier, Coco Wheeler and Alex Abramovich

Child Welfare Systems and LGBTQ Youth Homelessness: Gender Segregation, Instability, and Intersectionality

Brandon Andrew Robinson

Out of the System and onto the Streets: LGBTQ-Identified Youth Experiencing Homelessness with Past Child Welfare System Involvement

Nicholas Forge, Robin Hartinger-Saunders, Eric Wright and Erin Ruel

Developing Relationship-Building Tools for Foster Families Caring for Teens who are LGBTQ2S

Amy M. Salazar, Kristin J. McCowan, Martie L. Skinner, Bailey R. Noell, Jessica M. Colito, Kevin P. Haggerty and Susan E. Barkan

Yes We Can Allegheny: Implementing SOGIE Inclusive System Improvements in Child Welfare

Micki Washburn, Megan Good, Shauna Lucadamo, Kristen Weber, Bill Bettencourt and Alan J. Dettlaff

Strengthening the Workforce to Support Youth in Foster Care who Identify as LGBTQ+ through Increasing LGBTQ+ Competency: Trainers’ Experience with Bias

Angela Weeks, Danielle Altman, Andrea Stevens, Jaymie Lorthridge and Leanne Heaton

Vol. 95, No. 6

From the Editor: In the Caring Embrace of Parental Love

Always Together? Predictors and Outcomes of Sibling Co-Placement in Foster Care

Carolyn E. Seale and Gissele Damiani-Taraba

​Delinquency, Anger, and Parental Warmth: An Analysis of Youth who are Minorities and Living in Extreme Poverty

Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Sara Tomek, Lisa M. Hooper, Missy T. Malone and Wesley T. Church, II

The First Two Years out of Residential Care in South Africa: A Critical Period for Care-Leaving Services

Adrian Van Breda

​Longitudinal Evaluation of ‘Pathways to Safety’: A Child Maltreatment Prevention Program in

Monterey County, California

Ignacio Navarro, Zuleima L. Arevalo and Martha J. Tweed

The Atlas Project: Integrating Trauma-Informed Practice into Child Welfare and Mental Health Settings

Erika Tullberg, Bonnie Kerker, Nawal Muradwij and Glenn Saxe

Vol. 95, No. 5

From the Editor: Connections and Relationships throughout Life

Evaluating Prevention: Communities NOW: Connecting for Kids

Lara Bruce, Megan Lane and Elizabeth Ann Deaton Wacker

​Improving Preparation for Foster Care: Developing a Child-Friendly Training Curriculum for Families who Foster

Bethany Strauss and Leah Wasburn-Moses

​Factors Affecting Perceptions of Self-Value among Employees of Child Welfare Agencies

Floyd Quinn

Partnership for Multimethod Evaluation in Child Welfare: Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration Program

James A. Hall, Teresa M. Imburgia, Kori R. Bloomquist, Jangmin Kim, Barbara J. Pierce, Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Eprise Armstrong-Richardson, Marie Danh and Devon J. Hensel

Prevalence of Chronic Illness among Youth with DSM-IV-TR Axis I Diagnoses at a Large Mental Health Agency in Northeast Ohio

Julie M. Merker, Jacqueline Dolata, Earl Pike, Elizabeth Newman, Debra Rex and Ashwini R. Sehgal

Vol 95, No. 4

Special Issue: Kinship Care and Child Welfare: New Directions for Policy and Practice (Second of Two Issues)

From the Editor: The Apple Tree Has Many Healthy Apples: Kinship Caregiving

Introduction: Kinship Care Policy and Practice

Mark F. Testa

Using Family Group Decision-Making to Assist Informal Kinship Families

Leonard H. Feldman

Using Kinship Navigation Services to Support the Family Resource Needs, Caregiver Self-Efficacy, and Placement Stability of Children in Informal and Formal Kinship Care

Michele Cranwell Schmidt and Julie Treinen

Supporting Kinship Caregivers: Examining the Impact of a Title IV-E Waiver Kinship Supports Intervention

Cailin Wheeler and Justin Vollet

Protective Factors as Mediators and Moderators of Risk Effects on Perceptions of Child Well-Being in Kinship Care

Ramona W. Denby, Mark F. Testa, Keith A. Alford, Chad L. Cross and Jesse A. Brinson

New Directions for Kinship Care Policy and Practice: A Position Paper from the Kinship Summit at Albany, New York, September 2016

Vol 95, No. 3

Special Issue: Kinship Care and Child Welfare: New Directions for Policy and Practice (First of Two Issues)

From the Editor: The Apple Tree Has Many Healthy Apples: Kinship Caregiving

Introduction: Kinship Care Policy and Practice

Mark F. Testa

Health and Well-Being of Children in Kinship Care: Findings from the National Survey of Children in Nonparental Care

Matthew D. Bramlett, Laura F. Radel and Kirby Chow

The Relationship between Kinship Diversion and Child Behavior Problems

Qi Wu

Placement Stability of Children in Informal Kinship Care: Age, Poverty, and Involvement in the Child

Welfare System

Eunju Lee, Mi Jin Choi, Yeonggeul Lee and Catherine Kramer

A Kinship Navigator Program: A Comprehensive Approach to Support Private and Voluntary Kinship Caregivers

Berenice R. Rushovich, Kantahyanee W. Murray, Kristen Woodruff and Pamela Clarkson Freeman

Vol. 95, No. 2

From the Editor: Connections and Relationships throughout Life

Once Upon a Time: Lessons Learned from the Benefits of Parent-Child Mother Goose

Daphne S. Ling, Gillian Tibbetts and Elaine Scharfe

Theories on Child Protection Work with Parents: A Narrative Review of the Literature

George Karpetis

From Classroom to Caseload: Transition Experiences of Frontline Child Welfare Workers

Melissa Radey and Lisa Schelbe

Sense of Community through Supportive Housing among Foster Care Alumni

Bradley Forenza and David T. Lardier

Training and Preparation for Caregiving of Older Foster Youth: Perspectives of Foster Parents

Elizabeth J. Greeno, Mathew C. Uretsky, Bethany R. Lee, Haksoon Ahn and Deborah S. Harburger

Vol. 95, No. 1

From the Editor: Real Scholarship on Real-World Issues for America’s Children, Youth, and Families

The Family Unification Program (FUP): A Housing Option for Former Foster Youth

Amy Dworsky, M. Robin Dion, Rebecca Kleinman and Jackie Kauff

Adoption Policy and the Well-Being of Adopted Children in the United States

Ashley J. Provencher, Nicholas E. Kahn and Mary Eschelbach Hansen

Child Sexual Abuse and the Impact of Rurality on Foster Care Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis

Austin Griffiths, April L. Murphy and Whitney Harper

Psychological Maltreatment, the Under-Recognized Violence Against Children: A New Portrait from Quebec

Claire Malo, Jacques Moreau, Chantal Lavergne and Sonia Hélie

Vol. 94, No. 6

From the Editor: It’s Still All About Families

Assessing the Needs of Reunified Families from Foster Care: A Parent Perspective

Tricia Nichola Stephens, Tyrone Parchment, Geetha Gopalan, Geraldine Burton, Aida Ortiz, Taishawn Brantley, Selestina Martinez and Mary McKay

Transition-Age Foster Youth and Caregiver Perceptions of Self-Sufficiency

Marina Lalayants, Laura Montero, Laura S. Abrams and Susanna R. Curry

Family Finding Project: Results from a One-Year Program Evaluation

Liat Shklarski, Vincent P. Madera, Katricia Bennett and Kimberley Marcial

Principled Quality Assurance in Child Welfare: A New Perspective

Andrew Koster and Gissele Damiani-Taraba

Resources, Race, and Placement Frequency: An Analysis of Child Well-Being

Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Eprise Armstrong Richardson, Matthew C. Aalsma and James A. Hall

Vol. 94, No. 5

Promising Results for Cross-Systems Collaborative Efforts to Meet the Needs of Families Impacted by Substance Use

Kimberly Dennis, Michael S. Rodi, Gregory Robinson, Kenneth DeCerchio, Nancy K. Young, Sidney L. Gardner, Elaine Stedt and Marianna Corona

Predictors of Substance Abuse Assessment and Treatment Completion for Parents Involved with Child Welfare: Child Welfare: One State’s Experience in Matching across Systems

Dorian E. Traube, Amy S. He, Limei Zhu, Christine Scalise and Tyrone Richardson

Examining the Relationships between Family Drug Court Program Compliance and Child Welfare Outcomes

Holly Child and Dara McIntyre

Changes in Adult, Child, and Family Functioning among Participants in a Family Treatment Drug Court

Merith Cosden and Lauren M. Koch

Making It Work Without a Family Drug Court: Connecticut’s Approach to Parental Substance Abuse in the Child Welfare System

Jane Ungemack, Marilou Giovannucci, Samuel Moy, Karen Ohrenberger, Thomas DeMatteo and Staceyann Smith

Peer Mentoring in Child Welfare: A Motivational Framework

Anna Rockhill, Carrie J. Furrer and Thuan M. Duong

Enhancing Family Protective Factors in Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

Joan E. Zweben, Yael Moses, Judith B. Cohen, Genny Price, William Chapman and Joanna Lamb

An Integrated Intervention to Address the Comorbid Needs of Families Referred to Child Welfare for Substance Use Disorders and Child Neglect: FAIR Pilot Outcomes

Lisa Saldana

Effects of Intensive Family Preservation Services in Rural Tennessee on Parental Hopefulness with Families Affected by Substance Use

Edwina Chappell, Kathryn Sielbeck-Mathes, Randall Reiserer, Hannah Wohltjen, Wendy Shuran and Elizabeth McInerney

Vol. 94, No. 4

How Many Families in Child Welfare Services Are Affected by Parental Substance Use Disorders? A Common Question that Remains Unanswered

Kristen Seay

Mental Health Disorders among Children within Child Welfare who have Prenatal Substance Exposure: Rural vs. Urban Populations

Ira J. Chasnoff, Erin Telford, Anne M.Wells and Lauren King

Co-Occurrence of Parental Substance Abuse and Child Serious Emotional Disturbance: Understanding Multiple Pathways to Improve Child and Family Outcomes

Becci A. Akin, Jody Brook and Margaret H. Lloyd

Practice-Informed Approaches to Addressing Substance Abuse and Trauma Exposure in Urban Native Families Involved with Child Welfare

Nancy M. Lucero and Marian Bussey

Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams in Rural Appalachia: Implementation and Outcomes

Martin T. Hall, Ruth A. Huebner, Jeanelle S. Sears, Lynn Posze, Tina Willauer and Janell Oliver

Effects of a Rural Family Drug Treatment Court Collaborative on Child Welfare Outcomes: Comparison Using Propensity Score Analysis

McLean D. Pollock and Sherri L. Green

Family-Based Recovery: An Innovative In-Home Substance Abuse Treatment Model for Families with Young Children

Karen E. Hanson, Dale H. Saul, Jeffrey J. Vanderploeg, Mary Painter and Jean Adnopoz

Rethinking Child Welfare to Keep Families Safe and Together: Effective Housing-Based Supports to Reduce Child Trauma, Maltreatment Recidivism, and Re-Entry to Foster Care

Marny Rivera and Rita Sullivan

New Approaches for Working with Children and Families Involved in Family Treatment Drug Courts: Findings from the Children Affected by Methamphetamine Program

Michael S. Rodi, Colleen M. Killian, Philip Breitenbucher, Nancy K. Young, Sharon Amatetti, Russ Bermejo and Erin Hall

Vol. 94, Nos. 2 & 3

Special Issue: Improving the Use and Usefulness of Research Evidence

Introduction

Joe Bock

Special Foreword: Making Research Work in Child Welfare: Overcoming Challenges

Kimberly DuMont and Christine James-Brown

Strategies to Improve the Use and Usefulness of Research in Child Welfare

Lydia F. Killos, Catherine Roller White, Peter J. Pecora, Erin Maher, Kirk O’Brien, Dave Danielson, Kimberly DuMont, Fred Wulczyn, Bryan Samuels and Clare Anderson

Innovation and the Use of Research Evidence in Youth-Serving Systems: A Mixed-Methods Study

Lawrence A. Palinkas, Qiaobing Wu, Dahlia Fuentes, Megan Finno-Velasquez, Ian W. Holloway, Antonio Garcia and Patricia Chamberlain

From a Provider’s Perspective: Integrating Evidence-Based Practice into the Culture of a Social Service Organization

Miranda Yates, Jennifer Nix, Jennifer Schurer Coldiron and Laurie Williams

Selecting an Evidence-Based Practice in Child Welfare: Challenges and Steps to Identifying a Good Fit

Jared Martin, Cambria Rose Walsh and Jennifer Rolls Reutz

Co-Creating the Conditions to Sustain the Use of Research Evidence in Public Child Welfare

Allison Metz and Leah Bartley

Research Evidence Use in the Child Welfare System

Fred Wulczyn, Lily Alpert, Kerry Monahan-Price, Scott Huhr, Lawrence A. Palinkas and Laura Pinsoneault

Exploring the Integration of Systems and Social Sciences to Study Evidence Use among Child Welfare Policy-makers

Thomas I. Mackie, R. Christopher Sheldrick, Justeen Hyde and Laurel K. Leslie

Learning to Listen and Listening to Learn: Recursive Information Flow to Build Relationships and Improve Practice

Anita M. Larson and Sara E. Langworthy

Tensions and Opportunities: Building Meaningful Partnerships Between Child Welfare Decision-makers and Evaluators

Emily Fisher, Jacquelyn Spangler and Ruth Huebner

Benefits of Embedding Research into Practice: An Agency-University Collaboration

Michael A. Nunno, Elliott G. Smith, William R. Martin and Sharon Butcher

Strategies for Strengthening the Utility of Research in Supportive Housing-Child Welfare Partnerships

Miriam J. Landsman and Mitchell Rosenwald

From Novel to Empirical: Developing CommunityBased Programs into Research-Ready Programs

Rebecca J. Macy, Dania M. Ermentrout, Phillip H. Redmond, Jr., Cindy Fraga Rizo and McLean D. Pollock

Engaging the Child Welfare Community in Examining the Use of Research Evidence

Susan Maciolek

Vol. 94, No. 1

Special Issue: Housing, Homelessness, and Economic Security

Introduction

Nan Roman

Special Foreword

Ruth Anne White and Debra Rog

Factors Influencing Risk of Homelessness among Youth in Transition from Foster Care in Oklahoma: Implications for Reforming Independent Living Services and Opportunities

Brandon L. Crawford, Jacqueline McDaniel, David Moxley, Zohre Salehezadeh and Alisa West Cahill

Housing Trajectories for Youth Transitioning from Foster Care: Gender Differences from 2010–2014

Robert G. Hasson III, Andrew D. Reynolds and Thomas M. Crea

Economic Well-Being and Independent Living in Foster Youth: Paving the Road to Effective Transitioning out of Care

Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo, Gayle Davis and Terri Hipps

Partnering to Leverage Multiple Data Sources: Preliminary Findings from a Supportive Housing Impact Study

Jessica Raithel, Miranda Yates, Amy Dworsky, Maryanne Schretzman and Whitney Welshimer

Physically Hazardous Housing and Risk for Child Protective Services Involvement

Bomi Kim Hirsch, MiYoun Yang, Sarah Font and Kristen S. Slack

Poverty, Homelessness, and Family Break-Up

Marybeth Shinn, Jessica Gibbons-Benton and Scott R. Brown

Housing Matters for Families: Promising Practices from Child Welfare Agencies

Mary Cunningham and Michael Pergamit

Integrated Solutions for Intertwined Challenges: A Statewide Collaboration in Supportive Housing for Child Welfare-Involved Families

Anne F. Farrell, Kellie G. Randall, Preston A. Britner, Betsy Cronin, S. Kim Somaroo-Rodriguez and Lisa Hansen

The Family Unification Program: A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Housing Stability

Patrick J. Fowler and Michael Schoeny

Family Stability and Child Welfare Involvement among Families Served in Permanent Supportive Housing

Debra J. Rog, Kathryn A. Henderson and Andrew L. Greer

Vol. 93, No. 6

Using Qualitative Data-Mining for Practice Research in Child Welfare

Colleen Henry, Sarah Carnochan and Michael J. Austin

Implementing ASFA with Vulnerable African American Families: A Community Capacity Approach

Adrienne L. Edwards and April L. Few-Demo

Efficacy of Blended Preservice Training for Resource Parents

Lee White, Richard Delaney, Caesar Pacifici, Carol Nelson, Josh Whitkin, Maureen Lovejoy and Betsy Keefer Smalley

Parental Disability in Child Welfare Systems and Dependency Courts: Preliminary Research on the Prevalence of the Population

Ella Callow and Jean Jacob

Social Supports in the Lives of Child Welfare-Involved Families

Marina Lalayants, Meaghan Baier, Anne Benedict and Diana Mera

Vol. 93, No. 5

Understanding Correlates of Higher Educational Attainment among Foster Care Youths

Dana R. Hunter, Pamela A. Monroe and James C. Garand

Exploring Cyberbullying among Primary Children in Relation to Social Support, Loneliness, Self-Efficacy, and Well-Being

Dorit Olenik-Shemesh and Tali Heiman

Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) for Adopted Children Receiving Therapy in an Outpatient Setting

Amanda R. Howard, Sheri R. Parris, Lauren E. Nielsen, Rob Lusk, Kathleen Bush, Karyn B. Purvis and David R. Cross

Marathon County Community Response: Voluntary Services for Families Screened out of Child Protective Services

Kathryn Maguire-Jack and Jessica Bowers

Building Learning Organizations within Public Child Welfare Agencies through Internal Research Capacity

Ruth A. Huebner, Peter Watson, Laura Dyer, Christeen Borsheim and Colleen M. Caron

Evaluation of Smoke-free Foster Care Education for Foster and Adoptive Caregivers

Cam Escoffery, Michelle C. Kegler, Lucja Bundy, Debbie Yembra, Shadé Owolabi, Dianne Kelley and Dorothy Mabry

Vol. 93, No. 4

The Treehouse Community: An Innovative Intergenerational Model for Supporting Youth Who Have Experienced Foster Care

Jen H. Dolan and Harold D. Grotevant

Therapeutic Visiting in Treatment Foster Care

Sally Palmer, Duane Durham and Margaret Osmond

Kinship Care and Undocumented Latino Children in the Texas Foster Care System: Navigating the Child Welfare-Immigration Crossroads

Jennifer Scott, Monica Faulkner, Jodi Berger Cardoso and Jane Burstain

Status Offenders and Delinquent Youth: Actual or Artificial Taxonomy

Camela M. Steinke and Elisa M. Martin

Young Offender Sexual Abuse Cases Under Protection Investigation: Are Sibling Cases Any Different?

Delphine Collin-Vézina, Elizabeth Fast, Sonia Hélie, Mireille Cyr, Stéphanie Pelletier and Barbara Fallon

Vol. 93, No. 3

Need for Trauma-Informed Care Within the Foster Care System: A Policy Issue

Brittany A. Beyerlein and Ellin Bloch

Family Engagement in “Voluntary” Child Welfare Services: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Families under Differential Response Referrals in California

Ignacio Navarro

Risk Management in Child Protective Services: A Balanced Scorecard Approach

Michael J. Camasso and Radha Jagannathan

The Caregiver-Reported Value of Participation in a Kinship Support Center

Ron J. Hammond, Jacci Graham, Anna-Lee Hernandez, and Kent Hinkson

Measuring Social Support among Kinship Caregivers: Confirming the Factor Structure of the Family Support Scale

David Kondrat, Jayme R. Swanke, Kerry Littlewood, and Anne Strozier

When Rights Collide: A Critique of the Adoption and Safe Families Act from a Justice Perspective

Adrienne Whitt-Woosley and Ginny Sprang

Vol. 93, No. 2

Homeless Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Youth in New York City: Insights from the Field

Geoffrey L. Ream and Nicholas R. Forge

Children and Youth with Disabilities in the Child Welfare System: An Overview

Elizabeth Lightfoot

Leveraging the Experiences of Foster Care Alumni: A Mixed-Method Model for Organizing

J. Jay Miller and Larry W. Owens

Facilitating Ethical Decisions in Practice: The Professionalization Efforts of One Title IV-E Collaboration

Angela R. Ausbrooks, Amy D. Benton, Rhonda Smith and Martha S. Wildberger

Collaborative Relationships and Improved Service Coordination among Child Welfare and Early Childhood Systems

Samantha M. Brown, Sacha Klein and Julie S. McCrae

Vol. 93, No. 1

Mental Health Care of Families Affected by the Child Welfare System

Manny J. Gonzalez

The Scottish Children’s Panels as a Catalyst for Civic Engagement and Child Well-Being

Anne S. Robertson

Child Maltreatment Entrenched by Poverty: How Financial Need is Linked to Poorer Outcomes in Family Preservation

Jody Hearn Escaravage

Former Foster Youth’s Perspectives on Independent Living Preparation Six Months After Discharge

Loring P. Jones

Risk of Early Sexual Initiation and Pregnancy Among Youth Reported to the Child Welfare System

Ellen Wilson, Cecilia Casanueva, Keith R. Smith, Helen Koo, Stephen J. Tueller, and Mary Bruce Webb

Differential Effects of Single and Double Parental Death on Child Emotional Functioning and Daily Life in South Africa

Lorraine Sherr, Natasha Croome, Claudine Clucas, and Elizabeth Brown

Vol. 92, No. 6

The Path from Process to Outcomes: A Cross-Site Evaluation of 24 Family Connection Grantee Projects

Jennifer Dewey, Grace Tipton, Joanna DeWolfe, Carolyn Sullins, and Chi Connie Park

Measuring the Impact of Enhanced Kinship Navigator Services for Informal Kinship Caregivers Using an Experimental Design

Leonard H. Feldman and Amanda Fertig

Family Team Conferencing: Results and Implications from an Experimental Study in Florida

Robin Perry, Jane Yoo, Toni Spoliansky, and Pebbles Edelman

All in the Family: Variations in the Use of Family Meetings in Child Welfare

Heather Allan and Erin Maher

Using Multi-Informed Fidelity Data to Determine the Impact of a Neutral Child Welfare Facilitator for Permanency Decision Teams

Elizabeth J. Greeno, Kantahyanee Murray, and Berenice Rushovich

Residential Family Treatment for Parents with Substance Use Disorders who are Involved with Child Welfare: Two Perspectives on Program Design, Collaboration, and Sustainability

Gretchen Clark Hammond and Amanda McGlone

Vol. 92, No. 5

A Translational Neuroscience Perspective on the Importance of Reducing Placement Instability among Foster Children

Philip A. Fisher, Anne M. Mannering, Amanda Van Scoyoc, and Alice M. Graham

Placement instability is a common occurrence among foster children and others involved with child welfare system services, and is associated with negative psychiatric and mental health outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize research in this area and to consider this information in terms of child welfare practice and policy. Evidence from 59 sources is reviewed, including research on (a) the connection between placement instability and poor outcomes; (b) sources of information that can be employed to reliably predict risk for placement instability; and (c) interventions designed to mitigate the effects of placement instability. The available empirical evidence suggests that placement instability and other family chaos is associated with disrupted development of the brain’s prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functioning. Poor executive functioning is implicated in elevated risk for ADHD, disruptive behavior disorders, substance abuse, and other forms of disinhibitory psychopathology. This might help to explain the high rates of psychiatric medication prescriptions for foster children. Notably, however, recent research findings have shown that placement instability is both predictable and preventable and that interventions to address placement instability have the potential to mitigate neurobiological and psychiatric effects of prior adversity.

Young Children in the Child Welfare System: What Factors Contribute to Trauma Symptomology?

Rachel Fusco and Helen Cahalane

Despite growing attention to antecedents and consequences of trauma symptoms in children, there are gaps in knowledge. Although nearly half of all children enter the child welfare system between ages 0-5, few studies have focused on the mental health of very young children. The current study examined trauma symptomology in preschool-aged children involved in the child welfare system across an entire state (n = 100). Child, maternal, and maltreatment characteristics and their relationship to child trauma symptoms were explored. Results showed that more than a quarter of children exhibited trauma symptomology. Trauma symptoms were more likely to be present when children were biracial, referred for neglect, and in homes with intimate partner violence. When mothers had their own childhood history of child welfare involvement, children were less likely to have trauma symptoms. Implications for practice with these families are discussed.

The Impact of Prevention Programs on Decisions in Child Protective Services

Kathryn Maguire-Jack and Kaela Byers

Relying on the Decision-Making Ecology (Baumann, Dalgeish, Fluke, & Kern, 2011) model, the authors sought to gain insight into the ways in which child protective services (CPS) workers use their knowledge of maltreatment prevention programs in deciding whether to screen cases in, open cases for ongoing services, and substantiate maltreatment. During in-depth interviews with 13 CPS workers and supervisors in four Wisconsin counties, respondents reported that the programs had a direct impact on screening and case opening/closing decisions but not substantiation decisions. Substantiation decisions, rather, were impacted indirectly, as CPS staff members were able to justify a substantiation or court referral decision if families did not comply with the prevention program. This study has implications for measuring prevention program effectiveness: Given that CPS decisions may be impacted in part by prevention programs, it may be problematic to rely on official CPS records as the sole measure of maltreatment.

The Development of Child Protection Supervisors in Northern British Columbia

Karen Blackman and Glen Schmidt

This mixed-methods research examined the development of supervisors in the North Region of the Ministry of Children and Family Development in the Canadian Province of British Columbia. Survey questionnaires, focus groups, and individual interviews were used to gather data from child protection social workers, supervisors, and managers in order to better understand how the organization prepares social workers to assume supervisory responsibilities and how it can improve the development of new supervisors. Training and professional development, mentoring, and acting leadership opportunities were considered to be the most important elements in developing supervision and leadership skills.

Parent Representation Model in Child Safety Conferences

Marina Lalayants

Due to limited empirical knowledge about the parent representation model in child protection, this article describes this innovative service model and explores the use of parent representatives in child safety conferences. It discusses the functions that parent representatives perform and the potential benefits of their work based on perceptions of multiple stakeholders: birthparents, parent representatives, and child protective services staff. Implications are drawn concerning the use of parent representatives in child welfare.

The Bookworm Club: The Implementation Story of an Evidence-Informed Literacy Program for Children Residing in Out-of-Home Care in Ontario

Eavan Brady

This paper details how the Ontario child welfare community implemented The Bookworm Club, a province-wide literacy program for children residing in out-of-home care. The province utilized a UK-based, evidence-informed practice idea and moved it into full-scale provincial implementation, which has contributed to the growth of a strong commitment to evidence-informed practice (EIP), particularly as it relates to the improvement of educational outcomes for children and youth residing in out-of-home care placements. The Bookworm Club story is noteworthy; it provides insight into the process, challenges, and opportunities involved in undertaking such an endeavor and describes how the program was moved from an idea into practice. Opportunities, successes, and challenges are detailed, along with the future goals of the program. It is hoped that this conceptual paper will inspire others involved in promoting the welfare of vulnerable children and families in implementing such evidence-informed programs.

Vol. 92, No. 4Pre-Placement Risk and Longitudinal Cognitive Development for Children Adopted from Foster Care

Jill M. Waterman, Erum Nadeem, Emilie Paczkowski, Jared Cory Foster, Justin A. Lavner, Thomas Belin, and Jeanne Miranda

This study examined the trajectory of cognitive development over the first five years of adoptive placement among children adopted from foster care and how pre-adoption risk factors relate to this development. Overall, children’s cognitive scores increased significantly, with the most rapid improvement occurring in the first year post-placement. By five years post-placement, children’s mean cognitive and achievement scores were in the average range. Adoption is a positive intervention for children’s cognitive development.

Challenges to Recruit and Retain American Indian and Alaskan Natives into Social Work Programs: The Impact on the Child Welfare Workforce

Suzanne L. Cross, Angelique Day, Lucas J. Gogliotti, and Justin J. Pung

There is a shortage of professionally trained American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) social workers available to provide services including child welfare services to tribal communities. This study used a mixed-model survey design to examine the perceptions of 47 AI/AN BSW and MSW students enrolled in social work programs across the United States to determine the challenges associated with recruitment and retention. The findings are supported in the literature. Findings indicate that social work academic programs have not made substantial gains in the recruitment and retention of AI/AN students over several decades. Students identified the following seven major barriers to successful recruitment and retention: (1) a lack of AI/AN professors; (2) a shortage of field placement agencies that serve AI/AN clients; (3) conflicts between students’ academic obligations and responsibilities to their families and tribal communities; (4) students’ feelings of cultural isolation; (5) the need for AI/AN role models and mentors; (6) a lack of understanding by universities of cultural customs and traditional values; and (7) racism. Implications for policy and practice are offered.

Acknowledging the Past while Looking to the Future: Conceptualizing Indigenous Child Trauma

Shanley Swanson Nicolai and Merete Saus

Trauma affects children from all ethnicities, nationalities and socioeconomic backgrounds. However, indigenous children may experience trauma differently than their majority population peers due to traumatic histories of colonization and marginalization. This article reports on an exploratory qualitative study of how service providers in Western Montana and Northern Norway conceptualize Native American and Sami children’s experiences of trauma today. Findings reveal that participants relate current trauma experiences of indigenous youth to historical and intergenerational traumas.

Peer-Centered Practice: A Theoretical Framework for Intervention with Young People in and from Care

Kim Snow and Varda Mann-Feder

This paper puts forward a conceptual framework for engaging peers as central to transitional services for care-leavers. The situation of youth exiting care is examined and an evidence-informed approach to supporting care-leavers is presented. Exploring the social networks of youth leaving care provides a mechanism for both supporting the maintenance of ties and fostering the development of weak tie connections that facilitate opportunities for social mobility.

Wisconsin’s Community Response Program for Families That Have Been Reported for Child Maltreatment

Kathryn Maguire-Jack, Kristen S. Slack, and Lawrence M. Berger

In 2006, the Wisconsin Children’s Trust Fund launched a pilot initiative called “Community Response,” a program targeted to families reported for maltreatment but not served by child protective services due to insufficient child safety concerns. This article presents general information on the program, including the variation in models used by sites across the state, information on the families that were served by the program, and lessons learned from the experience that may guide practical decisions around the implementation of similar models elsewhere.

The Effects of the Orff Approach on Self-Expression, Self-Efficacy, and Social Skills of Children in Low-Income Families in South Korea

Young-Bae Yun and Ji-Eun Kim

This experiment was designed to study the Orff Approach–a child-centered, developmental approach to music education that aims to enrich the imagination through the acceleration of psychological activities. The study was conducted in children who had exhibited problematic behavior possibly due to economical or psychological issues; it aimed to determine whether the Orff Approach satisfies educational and treatment purposes and is an acceptable alternative in improving self-expression, self-efficacy, and social skills. The experiment involved 43 elementary school children in South Korean households with a monthly income of 100% below the average (according to the National Basic Living Security Act, South Korea’s Ministry of Health and Welfare), and the results showed an increase of the chil-dren’s self-expression, self-efficacy, and social skills after musical activities with the Orff Approach. Also, children interacted with the musical activities–according to the Orff Approach–like a game. They noted that they were able to explain their thoughts and emotions better; their relationships with friends improved, as well. Therefore, this research is significant because it shows that musical activities according to the Orff Approach have possibilities to be utilized as a program for children’s psychological and emotional support.

Vol. 92, No. 3

Therapeutic Mentoring: Reducing the Impact of Trauma for Foster Youth

Sara B. Johnson and Julia M. Pryce

This study utilized secondary data analysis to examine therapeutic mentoring (TM) as a service intervention in helping to reduce trauma symptoms in foster youth. Outcomes were compared for mentored (n = 106) and non-mentored (n = 156) foster youth related to experience and symptoms of trauma. Results showed that mentored youth improved significantly in the reduction of trauma symptoms relative to non-mentored youth, suggesting that TM shows promise as an important treatment intervention for foster youth with trauma experiences.

Comparison of On the Way Home Aftercare Supports to Traditional Care Following Discharge from a Residential Setting: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial

Alexandra L. Trout, Matthew C. Lambert, Michael H. Epstein, Patrick Tyler, Ronald W. Thompson, McLain Stewart and Daniel L. Daly

This study compares the On the Way Home (OTWH) aftercare program to traditional aftercare supports on placement and school stability for 82 youth (43 treatment, 39 control) with disabilities discharging from residential care. One-year-post-discharge results revealed that negative event occurrence (i.e., returning to care or discontinuing enrollment in the community school) was three to over five times less likely for OTWH youth compared to youth in the control condition.

Quality of Life and Mental Disorders of Adolescents Living in French Residential Group Homes

Guillaume Bronsard, Christophe Lancon, Anderson Loundou, Pascal Auquier, Marcel Rufo, Sylvie Tordjman, and Marie-Claude Simeoni

Here, the quality of life (QoL) of adolescents living in residential group homes (RGHs), is compared to QoL of a general adolescent population, and links between QoL and the presence of mental disorders are examined. Adolescents living in RGHs reported a significantly lower perception of their overall QoL compared to the general adolescent population. The presence of mental disorders was significantly and negatively associated with QoL scores. Some indices of QoL (physical and psychological well-being, relationship with teachers) did not show differences with the general population, indicating that mental health needs or lack of well-being are expressed in unusual ways.

Evaluation of the Miami Child Well-Being Court Model: Safety, Permanency, and Well-Being Findings

Cecilia Casanueva, Jenifer Goldman Fraser, Adrianne Gilbert, Candice Maze, Lynne Katz, Mary Ann Ullery, Ann M. Stacks, and Cindy Lederman

This study presents preliminary outcomes for a problem-solving court improvement model, the Miami Child Well-Being Court(TM) (Miami-CWBC), which makes evidence-based clinical intervention and integration of the treating clinician’s ongoing assessment and perspective central in the dependency court process. Records were reviewed for children adjudicated for maltreatment that completed treatment. Several promising findings suggest that this approach can help jurisdictions improve the lives of young children and their families’ capacity to care for them.

Organizational Influences on Data Use among Child Welfare Workers

Sang Jung Lee, Charlotte Lyn Bright, and Lisa J. Berlin

This study addresses organizational factors associated with child welfare workers’ data use in their day-to-day work. Survey data from 237 respondents were analyzed using logistic regression. Familiarity with data and supervisor support were significant predictors of child welfare workers’ data use. Findings highlight the value of child welfare organizations (a) facilitating workers’ familiarity with child welfare data and data use and (b) training or educating supervisors so that they can support workers’ use of data.

A Comparison of Adoptive Parents’ Perceptions of their Child’s Behavior among Indian Children Adopted to Norway, the United States, and Within Country: Implications for Adoption Policy

Suzanne Brown and Victor Groza

The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children suggests that intercountry adoption be considered as a permanent care option only after other solutions within the child’s country of origin have been exhausted. Data from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were examined for 478 Indian children ages 4-18 adopted domestically, adopted to Norway, and adopted to the United States. The CBCL has a reported reliability of .9 (Achenbach, 1991; Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983) and contains five subscales assessing internalizing problems plus a summative Internalizing Scale, and three subscales assessing externalizing problems plus a summative Externalizing Scale. Perceptions of Norwegian, American, and Indian adoptive parents regarding their child’s functioning were compared. Children adopted to Norway and the United States were perceived by their parents to be functioning significantly better behaviorally than children adopted within country, while controlling for age of child and gender of adoptive parent completing the CBCL. Policymakers should examine the evidence prioritizing within country adoption over intercountry adoption.

Vol. 92, No. 2

The Public Health Approach for Understanding and Preventing Child Maltreatment: A Brief Review of the Literature and a Call to Action

Theresa Covington

Over the past 50 years, most major advances in child maltreatment have focused on protecting severely maltreated children and punishing perpetrators. This article argues that it is time to rigorously apply a public health framework to improve our understanding of, and accelerate efforts to, prevent child abuse and neglect. The article describes the fundamentals of a public health approach; discusses how this approach has been applied to improve surveillance of serious maltreatment injuries and fatalities, the understanding of risk and protective factors, and the long-term consequences of maltreatment; and describes how a public health approach is an effective means to prevention.

Extent and Nature of Child Maltreatment-Related Fatalities: Implications for Policy and Practice

Jennifer Sheldon-Sherman, Dee Wilson, and Susan Smith

This article reviews significant research findings regarding child maltreatment fatalities over the last thirty years. Notably, the article focuses on several important subsets of children who die from maltreatment, including young children, children reported to child protective services, and children who live in families with poor parental attachment, mental illness, substance abuse, and domestic violence. The article then sets forth three proposals for broadening the United States’ approach to child protection and reducing child maltreatment fatalities.

Preventing Severe and Fatal Child Maltreatment: Making the Case for the Expanded Use and Integration of Data

Emily Putnam-Hornstein, Joanne N. Wood, John Fluke, Amanda Yoshioka-Maxwell, and Rachel P. Berger

In this article we examine risk factors for severe and fatal child maltreatment. These factors emerge from studies based on different data sources, including official child maltreatment data, emergency department and hospitalization data, death certificates, and data from child death review teams. The empirical literature reflects a growing effort to overcome the measurement uncertainties of any one individual data system. After review and reflection upon what is known, we consider how integrating this information can advance efforts to protect children, providing examples where the use and linkage of multiple sources of data may enhance surveillance, improve front-end decisionmaking, and support cost-effective research and evaluation.

Advancing Public Health Surveillance to Estimate Child Maltreatment Fatalities: Review and Recommendations

Patricia G. Schnitzer, Sam P. Gulino, Ying-Ying T. Yuan

Fatal child maltreatment is a compelling problem in the United States. National estimates of fatal child maltreatment, based largely on child welfare data, have fluctuated around 1,500 deaths annually for the past ten years. However, the limitations of child welfare and other mortality data to accurately enumerate fatal child maltreatment are well documented. As a result of these limitations, the true magnitude of fatal child maltreatment remains unknown. Public health surveillance has been proposed as a mechanism to improve estimation of fatal child maltreatment, as well as to collect and analyze relevant risk factor data for the ultimate goal of developing prevention strategies. This paper describes public health surveillance efforts undertaken to improve estimation of fatal child maltreatment, and presents the unique challenges of identifying fatal child neglect. The strengths and limitations of existing sources of child maltreatment fatality data are reviewed and broad recommendations for strategies to advance public health surveillance of fatal child maltreatment are presented.

Applying a Public Health Approach: The Role of State Health Departments in Preventing Maltreatment and Fatalities of Children

Malia Richmond-Crum, Catherine Joyner, Sally Fogerty, Mei Ling Ellis, and Janet Saul

Child maltreatment prevention is traditionally conceptualized as a social services and criminal justice issue. Although these responses are critical and important, alone they are insufficient to prevent the problem. A public health approach is essential to realizing the prevention of child abuse and neglect. This paper discusses the public health model and social-ecology framework as ways to understand and address child maltreatment prevention and discusses the critical role health departments can have in preventing abuse and neglect. Information from an environmental scan of state public health departments is provided to increase understanding of the context in which state public health departments operate. Finally, an example from North Carolina provides a practical look at one state’s effort to create a cross-sector system of prevention that promotes safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and environments for children and families.

Effective Primary Prevention Programs in Public Health and their Applicability to the Prevention of Child Maltreatment

Frederick P. Rivara and Brian Johnston

Principles of public health practice can be applied to problems, such as child maltreatment, that have behavioral antecedents and injury outcomes. Successful campaigns to promote bicycle helmet use to prevent brain injury and to promote supine sleeping to prevent sudden infant death are described. These programs were universally applied, featured simple behavioral goals, were based on the best available evidence, and monitored both behavioral and health-related outcomes.

Safety and Risk Assessment Frameworks: Overview and Implications for Child Maltreatment Fatalities

Peter J. Pecora, Zeinab Chahine, and J. Christopher Graham

This article highlights current models used in child protection to assess safety and risk, and discusses implications for child maltreatment fatalities. The authors advance that current risk and safety practice approaches were not designed to accurately estimate the likelihood of low base-rate phenomena and have not been empirically tested in their ability to predict or prevent severe or fatal child maltreatment. They advance that, regardless of the ultimate effectiveness of safety and risk tools, competent assessment and decisionmaking in child protection depend on sound professional judgment and a comprehensive systemic approach that transcends the use of specific tools.

Innovative Cross-System and Community Approaches for the Prevention of Child Maltreatment

Paul DiLorenzo, Catherine Roller White, Alex Morales, Andrea Paul, and Suma Shaw

Because of the complexity and depth of problems facing children and families today, child protection can be best accomplished through a community effort–not simply through the efforts of the traditional child welfare system and other child- and family-serving agencies. Community-based initiatives supporting families and individuals are promising mechanisms through which to efficiently reach a wide range of community members consistent with a public health model. This conceptual paper describes the principles of community-based approaches for the prevention of child maltreatment and briefly describes four initiatives that are providing comprehensive, community-based prevention.

Applying Principles from Safety Science to Improve Child Protection

Michael J. Cull, Tina L. Rzepnicki, Kathryn O’Day, and Richard A. Epstein

Child Protective Services Agencies (CPSAs) share many characteristics with other organizations operating in high-risk, high-profile industries. Over the past 50 years, industries as diverse as aviation, nuclear power, and healthcare have applied principles from safety science to improve practice. The current paper describes the rationale, characteristics, and challenges of applying concepts from the safety culture literature to CPSAs. Preliminary efforts to apply key principles aimed at improving child safety and well-being in two states are also presented.

Soft is Hardest: Leading for Learning in Child Protection Services Following a Child Fatality

Andrew Turnell, Eileen Munro, and Terry Murphy

The way in which a child protection agency responds to a child fatality always has a strong influence on subsequent practice. Very often, organizational responses and child death reviews are punitive and escalate an already anxious and defensive organizational culture. This paper outlines an alternative approach that not only helps staff to manage their emotional responses but also encourages and prioritizes a learning culture within the organization throughout the crisis and in the longer term.

Effective Communications Strategies: Engaging the Media, Policymakers, and the Public

Allison Blake, Kathy Bonk, Daniel Heimpel, and Cathy S. Wright

Too often, strategic communication is too little, or comes too late, when involved with a child fatality or serious injury. This article explores the challenges arising from negative publicity around child safety issues and the opportunities for communications strategies that employ a proactive public health approach to engaging media, policymakers, and the public. The authors provide a case study and review methods by which child welfare agencies across the nation are building public engagement and support for improved outcomes in child safety while protecting legitimate confidentiality requirements. Finally, the piece articulates the rationale for agency investments in the resources necessary to develop and implement an effective communications plan.

The Road Ahead: Comprehensive and Innovative Approaches for Improving Safety and Preventing Child Maltreatment Fatalities

Zeinab Chahine and David Sanders

This article presents a high-level overview of the complex issues, opportunities, and challenges involved in improving child safety and preventing child maltreatment fatalities. It emphasizes that improving measurement and classification is critical to understanding and preventing child maltreatment fatalities. It also stresses the need to reframe child maltreatment interventions from a public health perspective. The article draws on the lessons learned from state-of-the-art safety engineering innovations, research, and other expert recommendations presented in this special issue that can inform future policy and practice direction in this important area.

Vol. 92, No. 1

What Child Welfare Staff Say about Organizational Culture

Robin Spath, Virginia C. Strand, and Stephanie Bosco-Ruggiero

This article examines the factors that can affect job satisfaction, organizational culture and climate, and intent to leave at a public child welfare agency. Findings from focus group data collected from direct line, middle, and senior managers revealed a passive defensive culture. The authors discuss concrete organizational interventions to assist the agency in shifting to a constructive oriented culture through enhancements in communication, including supervision and shared decisionmaking, recognition and rewards, and improvement in other areas related to working conditions.

Promoting Cross-Sector Partnerships in Child Welfare: Qualitative Results from a Five-State Strategic Planning Process

Crystal Collins-Camargo, Mary I. Armstrong, Bowen McBeath, and Emmeline Chuang

Little is known about effective strategic planning for public and private child welfare agencies working together to serve families. During a professionally facilitated, strategic planning event, public and private child welfare administrators from five states explored partnership challenges and strengths with a goal of improving collaborative interactions in order to improve outcomes for children and families. Summarizing thematic results of session notes from the planning event, this article describes effective strategies for facilitation of such processes as well as factors that challenge or promote group processes. Implications for conducting strategic planning in jurisdictions seeking to improve public/private partnerships are discussed.

A Profile of Post-ASFA Hearings in the U.S. Congress

Heather R. Edwards

Examination of the policymaking process can yield a better understanding of the rationale behind policy content and prescriptions for shaping future policies. To this end, this study uses data from 38 child welfare hearings held by the U.S. Congress from 1999-2010 to describe key hearings, as well as Congress, committee member, and child welfare indicators. This manuscript concludes with implications for research and practice.

Substantiation Assessment Criteria: A Framework for Evaluating Contested Substantiation in Child Protection Practice

Sunday Fakunmoju

This article presents substantiation assessment criteria as an evidentiary framework for evaluating contested substantiation of child maltreatment in child protection practice. To accomplish this purpose, the article discusses contested substantiation and judicial outcomes in contested cases as a means of underscoring the criteria’s evidentiary relevance. The article presents conceptually and empirically driven substantiation assessment criteria and highlights their relevance for guiding substantiation decisions, evidentiary hearings, and future research in contested substantiation of child maltreatment.

Child Custody Disputes within the Context of Child Protection Investigations: Secondary Analysis of the Canadian Incident Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect

Michael A. Saini, Tara Black, Barbara Fallon, and Alena Marshall

Working with parents and children caught in child custody disputes after or during separation and divorce can be challenging for professionals when they lack a clear understanding of the unique circumstances of these disputes. To address this gap, this study reports on national data about child custody disputes within the context of child protection investigations by using secondary analysis of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS-2003). A descriptive profile of custody cases compared to non-custody cases is important to begin informing the field about the unique characteristics of families involved in both family law and child protection proceedings. The sample includes child maltreatment investigations as children came into contact with child protection services over a three-month sampling period. Based on the 11,562 child maltreatment investigations, 12% involved a child custody dispute. Child custody dispute files were more likely to be opened more than three times and they had higher rates of malicious referrals, compared to non-custody child protection files. Twenty percent of investigations involving a child custody dispute were for children’s exposure to domestic violence, followed by physical abuse, emotional harm and neglect. Children involved in custody disputes were reported to have higher proportion of emotional harm and more functioning issues compared to children not caught in their parents’ custody disputes. Parental alcohol abuse was also significantly higher in child custody cases. Implications for child protection systems are explored. Suggestions are made to improve child protection procedures for the earlier detection of child custody cases and for the enhancement of specialized knowledge for workers to effectively intervene and protect children from the negative consequences of adult conflict after separation and divorce.

Parenting in Recovery Program: Participant Responses and Case Examples

Sanna Thompson, Chuck Roper, and Laura Peveto

Approximately 80% of children served by child welfare agencies have parents who abuse or are dependent on alcohol or illicit drugs. Despite the devastating effects on children from living in substance abusing families, child protective service practitioners have limited options available to assist these families. The Parenting in Recovery program was created to address the needs of substance-abusing mothers involved in child welfare. This manuscript describes this program and perceptions of participants concerning its effectiveness.

The Environment as a Cause of Disease in Children”: Josef Friedjung’s Transnational Influence on Modern Child Welfare Theory

Elizabeth Ann Danto

Josef K. Friedjung’s Advanced Pediatrics–A Companion to Traditional Textbooks (Erlebte Kinderheilkunde–eine Ergaenzung er gebraeu-chlichen Lehrbucher), published in 1919 in Vienna, has cast a long but nearly-vanished shadow over modern child welfare theory. The originality of his focus on “the whole child” was in some ways a commentary on Sigmund Freud, but its overtly progressive political character gave Friedjung’s argument visible applicability within the field of urban social welfare. As a pediatrician and an ardent cosmopolitan, Friedjung was willing to consider conflicting values between traditional family systems and the state. Had the Nazis not forced him into exile in Palestine, where he died in 1946, Friedjung’s pioneering oeuvre would have joined our child welfare narrative long ago. Fortunately today archival evidence on which this study draws, fragmented as it is in both German and English, does confirm that the first and second generation psychoanalysts, Friedjung among them, built a mental health movement around a social justice core closely allied to the cultural context of central Europe from 1918 to 1933. In many ways, child welfare as we know it emerged as a practical implementation of that ideology.

Vol. 91, No. 6

Parent Engagement in Child Safety Conferences: The Role of Parent Representatives

Marina Lalayants

Parent engagement is a critical and challenging task of child welfare, and meaningful parent engagement in a dialogue, service planning, and acceptance of services is even more challenging in the context of non-voluntary child protection. This study described and examined the parent representation model that made use of parent representatives in engaging birthparents during child safety conferences in child protection. The findings identified the barriers to parental engagement and determined factors promoting engagement. Implications of this model are discussed.

Engaging Families in the Child Welfare Process Ut