id stringlengths 3 6 | dataset stringclasses 17
values | domain stringclasses 15
values | question stringlengths 24 292 | expected_answer stringlengths 4 1.49k | grading_context stringlengths 58 1.77k | source_urls listlengths 0 4 | reference_model dict | grading_mode stringclasses 3
values | difficulty stringclasses 3
values | tags listlengths 2 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CG01 | citation-graph-verification | research | Does the reference list of the 2016 ResNet paper ('Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition') include the paper that introduced Batch Normalization (Ioffe & Szegedy), and what is the open-access status of that cited paper's DOI? | true | not_checkable_arxiv_doi | Claim: ResNet cites Batch Normalization in support of 'ResNet uses batch normalization after every convolution to stabilize training of very deep networks.' Verified real: OpenAlex's record for ResNet (W2194775991) lists 81 referenced_works; resolving them found a title match (W1836465849, 'Batch Normalization: Acceler... | [
"https://openalex.org/W2194775991",
"https://openalex.org/W1836465849",
"https://api.unpaywall.org/v2/10.48550%2Farxiv.1502.03167",
"https://api.semanticscholar.org/graph/v1/paper/DOI:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90/references"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Yes — the ResNet paper (He et al., 2016) cites Ioffe & Szegedy's \"Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift\" (ICML 2015) in its reference list, typically as reference [16]. That paper's DOI resolves to its publication in... | exact | medium | [
"computer-vision",
"resnet",
"batch-normalization",
"arxiv-doi"
] |
CG09 | citation-graph-verification | research | Does the Adam optimizer paper ('Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization') cite Hinton and Salakhutdinov's 2006 Science paper 'Reducing the Dimensionality of Data with Neural Networks', and is a free open-access version of that Science paper available? | true | closed | Claim: the Adam optimizer paper cites Hinton & Salakhutdinov's 2006 Science paper in support of 'Adam's related-work discussion covers earlier deep-learning training methods.' Verified real and TRUE — found in Adam's real 20-item referenced_works list (0 unresolvable). Unpaywall reports no open-access copy for this Sci... | [
"https://openalex.org/W1522301498",
"https://openalex.org/W2100495367",
"https://api.unpaywall.org/v2/10.1126%2Fscience.1127647",
"https://api.semanticscholar.org/graph/v1/paper/ARXIV:1412.6980/references"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I'm not fully certain of the complete reference list, but to the best of my recollection the Adam paper (Kingma & Ba) does not cite Hinton and Salakhutdinov's 2006 Science paper — its citations are mostly about optimization methods (AdaGrad, RMSProp, Adadelta, SGD variants... | exact | hard | [
"deep-learning",
"adam-optimizer",
"closed-access"
] |
CG17 | citation-graph-verification | research | In Watson and Crick's 1953 Nature paper on the structure of DNA, do they cite an earlier proposed nucleic acid structure paper by Pauling and Corey, and is an open-access copy of that Pauling and Corey paper available? | true | closed | Claim: Watson & Crick's 1953 letter cites Pauling & Corey's earlier proposed (triple-helix) structure in support of 'Watson and Crick explicitly contrast their model with Pauling and Corey's prior proposal.' Verified real and TRUE — found among the letter's real (very short — only 5 total) referenced_works. Non-AI/ML d... | [
"https://openalex.org/W2126466006",
"https://openalex.org/W2040025357",
"https://api.unpaywall.org/v2/10.1038%2F171346a0"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Yes, Watson and Crick's April 1953 Nature paper (\"Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids\") does cite an earlier structure proposed by Pauling and Corey — they reference it critically, noting they were unconvinced by it and that it appeared to have too little space for the ... | exact | hard | [
"molecular-biology",
"watson-crick",
"closed-access",
"historical"
] |
CG25 | citation-graph-verification | research | Does the original 1998 PageRank paper 'The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine' cite the 2015 paper 'Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition'? | false | Claim: the 1998 PageRank paper cites ResNet in support of 'the original PageRank paper anticipates deep residual learning techniques.' Fabricated and obviously anachronistic: the PageRank paper predates ResNet by 18 years. Confirmed absent by checking all 22 real referenced_works (8 of 22 IDs 404'd, rest resolved) — an... | [
"https://openalex.org/W2066636486"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "No — that's chronologically impossible. The PageRank paper by Brin and Page was published in 1998, while \"Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition\" (the ResNet paper by He et al.) was published in 2015, so the earlier paper cannot cite a work that didn't yet exist.",... | exact | easy | [
"information-retrieval",
"fabricated",
"chronological-impossibility"
] |
CG33 | citation-graph-verification | research | Does Hodgkin and Huxley's 1952 paper 'A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve' cite their own companion paper in the same series, 'Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo'? | true | closed | Claim: Hodgkin & Huxley's 1952 paper 'A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve' (the paper that introduced the Hodgkin-Huxley model) cites their own companion paper in the same five-paper 1952 Journal of Physiology series, 'Currents carried by sodium and p... | [
"https://openalex.org/W1985940938",
"https://openalex.org/W1990323937",
"https://api.unpaywall.org/v2/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1952.sp004717",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1392213"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Yes -- this paper is the last (fifth) in Hodgkin and Huxley's classic five-paper series published in the Journal of Physiology in 1952, and it explicitly draws on and cites the earlier papers in the series, including the one reporting sodium and potassium currents in the s... | exact | medium | [
"neurophysiology",
"hodgkin-huxley",
"closed-access",
"historical"
] |
CT01 | clinical-trial-verification | medicine | On what date did the FDA approve Eli Lilly's Kisunla (donanemab-azbt) for early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease? | openFDA drugsfda.json confirms application BLA761248 (sponsor: Eli Lilly and Company), original ('ORIG') submission with submission_status 'AP' (approved) and submission_status_date 2024-07-02 — an exact date match. Cross-checked live against FDA's Drugs@FDA HTML database (accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf) -- a sepa... | Verified live via scripts/verification/clinicaltrials.mjs getDrugApprovalHistory('KISUNLA'): drugsfda.json's ORIG submission for BLA761248 shows submission_status_date '20240702', exactly matching the press release's July 2, 2024 approval date. Sponsor name is recorded as 'ELI LILLY CO', consistent with the claim. Seco... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The FDA approved Kisunla (donanemab-azbt) on July 2, 2024, for adults with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia stage).",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"fda-approval",
"alzheimers",
"kisunla",
"2020s"
] |
CT10 | clinical-trial-verification | medicine | On what date and under what regulatory pathway did the FDA approve Qalsody (tofersen) for SOD1-ALS, given that the pivotal VALOR trial had missed its primary endpoint? | openFDA drugsfda.json, application NDA215887 (sponsor: BIOGEN MA), ORIG submission approved (AP) with submission_status_date 2023-04-25. Drugs@FDA's HTML database for NDA215887 (fetched live) independently lists Action Date 04/25/2023, ORIG-1, Approval -- agreeing with openFDA's date, not the press release's stated 04/... | getDrugApprovalHistory('QALSODY') confirms the approval one day earlier (April 25) than the press release's stated April 26 date — a minor, expected discrepancy between an FDA internal administrative approval-record date and the company's public announcement date, not a substantive disagreement. The core claim — accele... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The FDA approved Qalsody (tofersen) on April 25, 2023, using the accelerated approval pathway. Approval was based on the drug's demonstrated reduction of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a surrogate biomarker reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit, even tho... | judge | medium | [
"fda-approval",
"als",
"qalsody",
"accelerated-approval"
] |
CT19 | clinical-trial-verification | medicine | What did Biogen's October 2019 press release claim about aducanumab's results in the Phase 3 EMERGE and ENGAGE trials, and did both trials actually show a statistically significant effect on their pre-specified primary endpoint? | The two trials' own posted primary-outcome (CDR-SB) analyses diverge: EMERGE's high-dose arm (vs. placebo) shows p=0.0120, LS mean difference -0.39 (95% CI -0.694 to -0.086) -- statistically significant, favoring aducanumab. ENGAGE's high-dose arm (vs. placebo) shows p=0.8330, LS mean difference +0.03 (95% CI -0.262 to... | Correction made this pass: a prior version of this row reported ENGAGE's high-dose analysis as p=0.2250/diff=+0.110 -- those figures actually belong to ENGAGE's LOW-dose-vs-placebo comparison (registry groupIds OG000/OG001) in resultsSection.outcomeMeasuresModule.outcomeMeasures[].analyses, not the high-dose comparison... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In October 2019, Biogen announced it was reviving aducanumab (after halting the program in March 2019 for futility) based on a new analysis of a larger dataset, claiming the drug reduced clinical decline in patients with early Alzheimer's disease and that higher doses corr... | judge | medium | [
"clinical-trial",
"alzheimers",
"aducanumab",
"divergence"
] |
CT28 | clinical-trial-verification | medicine | On what date did the FDA approve Casgevy (exagamglogene autotemcel), and what distinction did this approval hold as a type of gene-editing therapy in the United States? | openFDA drugsfda.json has no record for 'CASGEVY' under openfda.brand_name, openfda.generic_name, or the products.brand_name fallback (all three tried by getDrugApprovalHistory). A second, CBER-appropriate FDA system -- the Purple Book (purplebooksearch.fda.gov), queried live this pass -- DOES list CASGEVY, confirming ... | Same real, structural coverage gap as CT18 (Elevidys): Casgevy is a CRISPR/Cas9-edited cell therapy regulated by CBER, not CDER, so it is out of scope for openFDA's drugsfda.json by design (gotcha #1 in clinicaltrials.mjs). The approval itself is one of the most extensively documented biotech events of 2023 and is not ... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The FDA approved Casgevy (exagamglogene autotemcel) on December 8, 2023, for treating sickle cell disease in patients 12 and older (it also received approval around the same time for transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia). Its key distinction was that it became the first ... | judge | easy | [
"fda-approval",
"sickle-cell-disease",
"casgevy",
"gene-therapy"
] |
CT37 | clinical-trial-verification | medicine | What percentage of AChR-antibody-positive patients responded to efgartigimod versus placebo in the ADAPT trial's primary MG-ADL endpoint? | ClinicalTrials.gov's posted primary outcome for NCT03669588 (AChR-Ab seropositive population) shows 67.7% (ARGX-113/efgartigimod) vs. 29.7% (placebo) MG-ADL responders during Cycle 1 — an exact match, with a posted odds ratio of 4.951 (95% CI 2.213-11.528), p<0.0001. | getPrimaryOutcomeResults('NCT03669588') confirms both response percentages and the structured odds ratio directly from the registry's own posted statistics. Second method: independently confirmed by the peer-reviewed publication (Howard et al., Lancet Neurology 2021, DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00159-9, confirmed real vi... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In the ADAPT trial, roughly 68% of AChR-antibody-positive patients treated with efgartigimod were MG-ADL responders during the first treatment cycle, compared to about 30% on placebo.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | numeric | medium | [
"clinical-trial",
"myasthenia-gravis",
"efgartigimod",
"mg-adl"
] |
CX01 | code-execution-verification | code | When Python's sorted() or list.sort() is applied using a key that produces ties, what happens to the relative order of the tied elements compared to their order in the original input? | [(0, 'b'), (0, 'd'), (1, 'a'), (1, 'c')] | Ran, right now (Python 3.12.3): sorted([(1,'a'),(0,'b'),(1,'c'),(0,'d')], key=lambda x: x[0]). Real output: [(0, 'b'), (0, 'd'), (1, 'a'), (1, 'c')]. The two key=0 elements ('b' then 'd') and the two key=1 elements ('a' then 'c') both keep their original input order after sorting purely by the first tuple element — dir... | [
"executed directly",
"https://docs.python.org/3/howto/sorting.html#sort-stability-and-complexity"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Python's sort is stable, so tied elements (equal keys) retain their original relative order from the input — this is guaranteed by the language, not an implementation detail.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | medium | [
"python",
"sorting",
"stability",
"timsort"
] |
CX10 | code-execution-verification | code | In Python, does indexing a list out of range (e.g., accessing index 5 of a 3-element list) behave the same way as slicing a list out of range (e.g., a[1:10])? What error or result does each produce? | IndexError: list index out of range
[2, 3]
[] | Ran, right now (Python 3.12.3) on a=[1,2,3]. Real output:
IndexError: list index out of range
[2, 3]
[]
Direct index a[5] raises IndexError as expected. But a[1:10] silently clamps to [2, 3] (returns whatever exists in range, no error) and a[10:20] silently returns [] (an empty list) rather than raising anything — conf... | [
"executed directly",
"https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "No, they behave differently. Out-of-range indexing (e.g., `a[5]` on a 3-element list) raises an `IndexError: list index out of range`. Out-of-range slicing (e.g., `a[1:10]`) does not raise an error — it just clamps the bounds to the list's actual length and returns whateve... | exact | medium | [
"python",
"lists",
"indexerror",
"slicing"
] |
CX19 | code-execution-verification | code | In JavaScript, what data type does the `typeof` operator report for the value `null`, and why has this behavior never been corrected despite being considered a bug? | object | Ran, right now (Node v24.18.0): typeof null. Real output: "object" — confirms the claim exactly. The root cause (documented on MDN and in TC39 discussion history) is that JS's original value representation used a type tag in the low bits of a value, and the tag for "object" happened to be 0, which is also how null was ... | [
"executed directly",
"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "`typeof null` returns `\"object\"`. This is a longstanding bug dating back to the original 1995 JavaScript implementation, where values were represented with a type tag in the low bits, and the tag for objects was 0 — and `null` was represented as the machine word all zero... | exact | easy | [
"javascript",
"typeof",
"null",
"quirk"
] |
CX28 | code-execution-verification | code | Which version of Python introduced the dict union operators `|` and `|=` for merging dictionaries, and under which PEP? | confirmed: "PEP 584" | Live-fetched https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html just now and found "PEP 584", confirming PEP 584 (dict union/merge operators) is documented as a 3.9 addition. Also ran a live demo on this environment's Python 3.12.3: d1={'a':1}, d2={'b':2}; both d1|d2 and the in-place d1|=d2 form. Real output:
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}... | [
"https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html",
"https://peps.python.org/pep-0584/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Python 3.9 introduced the dict union operators `|` and `|=`, under PEP 584.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | medium | [
"python",
"dict",
"versions",
"pep-584"
] |
CR1 | code-reality-verification | code | In lodash 4.17.21, what parameters does the `_.chunk` function accept, and does it include a third parameter? | Confirmed against the real published npm tarball: package/chunk.js line 30 defines `function chunk(array, size, guard) {`, matching the claimed three-parameter signature exactly. SECOND METHOD (dynamic execution, this session): actually ran `npm install lodash@4.17.21` and executed the real code in Node 24.18.0 — `_.ch... | lodash 4.17.21's `_.chunk(array, size)` function actually accepts a third `guard` parameter, used internally to support lodash's iteratee-shorthand convention (e.g. being safely passed to `_.map`). | [
"https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "`_.chunk(array, [size=1])` — it takes an array to split and an optional size for each chunk (defaulting to 1). It does not have a third parameter in lodash 4.17.21.",
"verdict": "hallucinated"
} | judge | easy | [
"npm",
"lodash",
"parameter-signature",
"method-existence"
] |
CR9 | code-reality-verification | code | Can chalk version 5.3.0 be loaded with CommonJS `require('chalk')`, or does it require a different module system? | False. chalk 5.3.0's real package.json sets `"type": "module"` and a single-file `"exports": "./source/index.js"` with no CJS conditional or `require` entry point at all — chalk became pure-ESM-only starting at v5, so `require('chalk')` throws ERR_REQUIRE_ESM in Node. SECOND METHOD (dynamic execution, this session) — a... | chalk 5.3.0 still supports being loaded with CommonJS `require('chalk')`, the way older chalk major versions did. | [
"https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-5.3.0.tgz"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Yes. Chalk 5.x switched to being a pure ESM package, so `require('chalk')` will fail in CommonJS — you need `import chalk from 'chalk'` (or a dynamic `import()`) instead. This ESM-only change happened starting with chalk v5, so it applies to 5.3.0 as well.",
"verdict": "... | judge | medium | [
"npm",
"chalk",
"esm-cjs",
"module-system"
] |
CR17 | code-reality-verification | code | In numpy 2.0.0, what happened to the `numpy.trapz` function — was it removed outright, deprecated in favor of another function, or left unchanged? | Confirmed, and this is a genuinely nuanced real finding: numpy 2.0.0's numpy/lib/_function_base_impl.py defines both `def trapezoid(y, x=None, dx=1.0, axis=-1):` (the new primary function) and, right after it, `def trapz(y, x=None, dx=1.0, axis=-1):` whose body is literally `warnings.warn("\`trapz\` is deprecated. Use ... | numpy 2.0.0 still lets you call `numpy.trapz(...)`, but it's now a deprecated wrapper that internally calls a new `numpy.trapezoid()` function and raises a DeprecationWarning, rather than having been deleted outright. | [
"https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/05/35/fb1ada118002df3fe91b5c3b28bc0d90f879b881a5d8f68b1f9b79c44bfe/numpy-2.0.0.tar.gz"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In NumPy 2.0.0, `numpy.trapz` was deprecated (not removed outright) in favor of the new `numpy.trapezoid` function, which was added as its replacement. The old name still worked but issued a deprecation warning pointing users to `trapezoid`.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | judge | hard | [
"pypi",
"numpy",
"deprecation",
"version-diff"
] |
CR25 | code-reality-verification | code | What keyword argument does click 8.1.7's `click.echo()` function accept to direct output to stderr instead of stdout? | Confirmed: click/utils.py defines `def echo(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None) -> None:` — `err` is a real boolean keyword parameter, defaulting to False. SECOND METHOD (dynamic execution, this session): installed click 8.1.7 for real and called `click.echo('to stderr', err=True)` — it ran without... | click 8.1.7's `click.echo()` function accepts an `err=True` keyword argument to print to stderr instead of stdout. | [
"https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/d3/f04c7bfcf5c1862a2a5b845c6b2b360488cf47af55dfa79c98f6a6bf98b5/click-8.1.7.tar.gz"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The `err=True` keyword argument (e.g., `click.echo(\"message\", err=True)`) directs output to stderr instead of stdout.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"pypi",
"click",
"parameter-signature",
"stderr"
] |
CR33 | code-reality-verification | code | In httpx 0.23.0, what keyword argument controls whether `Client.request()` follows HTTP redirects, and what does it default to? | Confirmed against the real published httpx 0.23.0 sdist, with corrected attribution — CORRECTION (2026-07-13 adversarial audit): the original finding misattributed the two `follow_redirects: bool = False` lines. In httpx/_client.py, line 164 is in `BaseClient.__init__` (class at line 155, def at 156), and line 635 is i... | httpx 0.23.0's `Client.request()` (and `.get()`, etc.) accepts a `follow_redirects` boolean keyword argument, defaulting to `False`. | [
"https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/43/cd/677173d194b4839e5b196709e3819ffca2a4bc58b0538f4ae4be877ad480/httpx-0.23.0.tar.gz"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "`follow_redirects`, a boolean keyword argument, defaulting to `False` — you have to opt in explicitly (e.g. `client.get(url, follow_redirects=True)`) if you want redirects followed automatically, which is a deliberate httpx design choice different from requests' default-on... | exact | medium | [
"pypi",
"httpx",
"parameter-signature",
"redirects"
] |
CH01 | companies-house-verification | company-registry | According to UK Companies House records for DeepMind Technologies Limited (company number 07386350), what is Demis Hassabis's directorship history there, including whether he currently holds a director appointment? | HASSABIS, Demis — Director, appointed 7 December 2010, resigned 24 January 2014 | Demis Hassabis is currently a director of DeepMind Technologies Limited. | [
"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/07386350/officers"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have reliable, verified knowledge of the specific director appointment dates and status listed on Companies House for DeepMind Technologies Limited (company number 07386350). I know Demis Hassabis co-founded DeepMind and has been associated with it as a director, b... | judge | hard | [
"director",
"deepmind",
"companies-house"
] |
CH10 | companies-house-verification | company-registry | According to UK Companies House records for Wayve Technologies Ltd (company number 10924127), what is Alex Kendall's directorship history there, including whether he currently holds a director appointment? | KENDALL, Alex Guy — Director, appointed 21 August 2017, currently active | Alex Kendall is currently a director of Wayve Technologies Ltd. | [
"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10924127/officers"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have reliable, specific knowledge of Companies House's current filing records for Wayve Technologies Ltd (company number 10924127), including exact dates of Alex Kendall's appointment or any resignation as director. I know he is a co-founder and CEO of Wayve, so it... | judge | hard | [
"director",
"wayve",
"companies-house"
] |
CH19 | companies-house-verification | company-registry | Who are the current directors of Mistral AI UK Ltd (company number 14894136), and is Arthur Mensch among them? | MENSCH, Arthur Hubert Jean — Director, appointed 25 May 2023, currently active | Arthur Mensch is currently a director of Mistral AI UK Ltd. | [
"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/14894136/officers"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have reliable, current knowledge of the specific directors listed on Companies House for \"Mistral AI UK Ltd\" (company number 14894136). I know Arthur Mensch is Mistral AI's co-founder and CEO of the parent French company, and he is plausibly listed as a director ... | judge | medium | [
"director",
"mistral-ai",
"companies-house"
] |
CH28 | companies-house-verification | company-registry | What is the registered office address of Darktrace Limited (company number 13264637) according to Companies House? | Maurice Wilkes Building, St John's Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB4 0DS | Darktrace Limited's registered office is Maurice Wilkes Building, St John's Innovation Park, Cambridge. | [
"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/13264637"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have this specific address memorized with confidence. I recall Darktrace's headquarters has been at Cambridge, UK (e.g., addresses like \"The Charter Building, Rose Crescent, Cambridge\" have been associated with the company at various points), but I can't state th... | judge | hard | [
"address",
"darktrace",
"companies-house"
] |
CH37 | companies-house-verification | company-registry | Has Darktrace Limited (company number 13264637) ever been registered at UK Companies House under a different company name, and if so, when did it change? | False — Darktrace Limited has two previous registered names on file: "DARKTRACE PLC" (30 March 2021 – 9 October 2024, covering its period as a London Stock Exchange-listed public company) and, briefly before that, "SRENOOG PLC" (12–30 March 2021, an anagram-style shelf-company placeholder name used for only 18 days bef... | Darktrace Limited has never operated under a different registered company name. | [
"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/13264637"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I believe Darktrace was previously registered as a public limited company — \"Darktrace plc\" — while it was listed on the London Stock Exchange, before presumably becoming a private limited company again after being acquired (I recall Thoma Bravo's 2024 take-private deal)... | judge | medium | [
"previous-name",
"darktrace",
"companies-house",
"recent"
] |
CH46 | companies-house-verification | company-registry | Is DeepMind Technologies Limited's confirmation statement currently overdue at Companies House? | False — DeepMind Technologies Limited's confirmation statement is up to date: last made up to 23 September 2025, next due by 7 October 2026, and the API's own confirmation_statement.overdue field is explicitly false. Accounts are likewise not overdue (last filed to 31 December 2024, next due 30 September 2026). | DeepMind Technologies Limited's confirmation statement (its annual company-details filing) is currently overdue at Companies House. | [
"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/07386350"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have real-time knowledge of DeepMind's current Companies House filing status, including whether its confirmation statement is overdue — this is exactly the kind of live administrative filing status I can't know without checking the register directly.",
"verdict":... | judge | hard | [
"filing-history",
"deepmind",
"companies-house",
"recent"
] |
SD01 | cross-source-verification | cross-source | As of mid-2026, who holds the position of CEO at OpenAI? | Sam Altman (Q7407093) — preferred-rank statement for P169 (chief executive officer) | Wikidata's preferred-rank P169 statement names Sam Altman, matching live June 2026 reporting. Note Wikidata's claim history also correctly preserves (as non-preferred, normal-rank statements) the brief Nov 2023 Emmett Shear/Mira Murati interim-CEO shuffle before Altman was reinstated — the rank system resolves cleanly ... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "As of mid-2026, Sam Altman is the CEO of OpenAI, a position he has held (aside from a brief ouster and reinstatement in November 2023) since co-founding leadership transitions in the company's history.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"ceo",
"openai",
"leadership",
"2020s"
] |
SD09 | cross-source-verification | cross-source | In what year was Cohere founded? | 2019 (P571 inception, year precision) | Founding dates are static facts and are unlikely to go stale; both sources agree on 2019. AUDIT NOTE (2026-07-14 adversarial audit): the claimed-value source was switched from the English Wikipedia article (CC-BY-SA, off-limits under this catalog's licensing discipline) to Cohere's own about page, fetched live, which s... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Cohere was founded in 2019.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"founding-date",
"cohere",
"startup"
] |
SD2-02 | cross-source-verification | cross-source | What was Microsoft Corporation's total revenue for fiscal year 2025, and by what percentage did it increase over the prior year? | $281,724,000,000 (us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax, FY2025, period ended 2025-06-30, 10-K filed 2025-07-30, accession 0000950170-25-100235); prior year FY2024 value was $245,122,000,000, giving a computed YoY growth of +14.93% | Microsoft's own FY2025 full-year earnings announcement states $281.7 billion revenue, up 15% -- this matches the exact SEC-filed figure ($281,724,000,000) and the growth rate independently computed from both years' filed revenue (14.93%, rounds to 15%). | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Microsoft's total revenue for fiscal year 2025 (ended June 30, 2025) was approximately $281.7 billion, up roughly 15% from about $245.1 billion in fiscal year 2024. I'm fairly confident in the general magnitude and growth rate, but treat the exact figures as approximate si... | numeric | medium | [
"revenue",
"microsoft",
"sec-filing",
"fy2025"
] |
SD2-10 | cross-source-verification | cross-source | On what date was Google officially incorporated? | 1998-09-04 (P571 inception date, entity Q95, sourced by Wikidata to google.com/about/company/history/) | Google's current 'Our Story' marketing page frames the company as 'officially born' in August 1998, tied to the Bechtolsheim funding check, while the structured inception date -- itself sourced by Wikidata to Google's own official corporate history page -- is September 4, 1998, the actual incorporation date. This is a ... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Google was officially incorporated on September 4, 1998, in California (later reincorporated in Delaware in 2002/2003).",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | hard | [
"founding-date",
"google",
"discrepancy"
] |
SD21 | cross-source-verification | cross-source | In what year was the AI video company Runway (Runway AI, Inc.) founded? | 2018 (P571 inception, year precision, referenced to Runway's own X/Twitter account) | Confirmed live via getClaim(Q123367593, P571): matches, and (unusually for this dataset) the Wikidata statement's own reference URL is the exact same primary source used for the claimed_value side of this comparison -- both sides trace back to the same origin, which is itself worth noting honestly rather than presentin... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Runway (Runway AI, Inc.) was founded in 2018.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"founding-date",
"runway",
"generative-ai"
] |
EL01 | english-language-verification | language | What is the exact text, including punctuation, of the opening sentence of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice? | Not found with the comma before "must be"; IS found without it: "he End 476 [Illustration: ·PRIDE AND PREJUDICE· Chapter I.] It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man ma" | Fetched the real Project Gutenberg plain-text release of Pride and Prejudice (ebook #1342, confirmed live) and searched for the quote exactly as commonly printed today, with a comma before "must be in want of a wife": NOT found. The actual 1813 text (as preserved in this Gutenberg edition) has no comma there: "he End 4... | [
"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1342/pg1342.txt",
"https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/5882-it-is-a-truth-universally-acknowledged-that-a-single-man"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "\"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.\"",
"verdict": "hallucinated"
} | judge | hard | [
"austen",
"pride-and-prejudice",
"misquote",
"punctuation"
] |
EL09 | english-language-verification | language | What is the full, exact wording of Proverbs 16:18 in the King James Bible regarding pride? | om evil: he that keepeth his way preserveth his soul. 16:18 Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. 16:19 Better it is to be of an humble spirit with the lowl | Fetched the real Project Gutenberg plain-text release of the King James Bible (ebook #10) and confirmed Proverbs 16:18 actually reads "Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall" — real surrounding text: "om evil: he that keepeth his way preserveth his soul. 16:18 Pride goeth before destruction... | [
"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/10/pg10.txt",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Proverbs 16:18 (KJV) reads: \"Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.\"",
"verdict": "correct"
} | judge | medium | [
"bible",
"kjv",
"misquote",
"proverbs"
] |
EL17 | english-language-verification | language | What is the exact final sentence of F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby? | ster, stretch out our arms further … And one fine morning-- So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT GATSBY ** | Fetched the real Project Gutenberg plain-text release of The Great Gatsby (ebook #64317 — the novel entered the US public domain on January 1, 2021, 95 years after its 1925 publication, which is why a clean Gutenberg edition exists at all) and confirmed the exact phrase is the book's final sentence. Real surrounding te... | [
"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/64317/pg64317.txt",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The final sentence of The Great Gatsby is: \"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.\"",
"verdict": "correct"
} | judge | easy | [
"fitzgerald",
"great-gatsby",
"closing-line",
"quote"
] |
EL25 | english-language-verification | language | In what year was Bram Stoker's novel Dracula first published? | Wikidata publication date = 1897-05-26 | Checked live against Wikidata entity Q41542 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41542), property P577 (publication date). Claimed value: "1897-05-26". Actual Wikidata value: 1897-05-26. Wikidata carries no independent reference URL for this specific statement (common — many statements are only sourced "imported from Wikipe... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41542#P577",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Bram Stoker's Dracula was first published in 1897.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"stoker",
"dracula",
"wikidata",
"publication-date"
] |
EL33 | english-language-verification | language | In what year was Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina first published? | Wikidata publication date = 1877 | Checked live against Wikidata entity Q147787 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147787), property P577 (publication date). Claimed value: "1877". Actual Wikidata value: 1877. Wikidata carries no independent reference URL for this specific statement (common — many statements are only sourced "imported from Wikipedia," flag... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147787#P577",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Anna Karenina was first published in serialized form starting in 1875 in The Russian Messenger, with the complete novel published in book form in 1878.",
"verdict": "hallucinated"
} | exact | hard | [
"tolstoy",
"anna-karenina",
"wikidata",
"publication-date"
] |
FV1 | fact-verification | general | On what specific date did OpenAI make ChatGPT publicly available? | true | OpenAI opened the free research-preview chatbot to the public on November 30, 2022, per contemporaneous and retrospective reporting. | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChatGPT",
"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-30/chatgpt-released-openai"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "ChatGPT was released to the public on November 30, 2022.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"ai-tech",
"openai",
"2020s"
] |
FV10 | fact-verification | general | What was WeWork's valuation at its 2019 funding peak, and when did the company later file for bankruptcy? | true | WeWork was valued at $47 billion in a January 2019 SoftBank-led round and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on November 6, 2023, confirmed by CNBC, TechCrunch and its own bankruptcy filing. | [
"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/07/wework-files-for-bankruptcy.html",
"https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/06/wework-once-worth-47-billion-files-for-bankruptcy/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "WeWork was valued at roughly $47 billion in its January 2019 funding round (the peak of its valuation, before its IPO attempt collapsed later that year). The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2023.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | numeric | easy | [
"business",
"startups",
"acquisitions",
"2010s"
] |
FV19 | fact-verification | general | Does the Eiffel Tower's height actually change between seasons due to temperature, and if so, by roughly how much? | true | The tower's puddled-iron structure expands with heat, adding roughly 12-15 cm of height in summer versus winter, confirmed by both Snopes' fact-check and the Eiffel Tower's own official site. | [
"https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/eiffel-tower-grows-summer-shrinks-winter/",
"https://www.toureiffel.paris/en/news/history-and-culture/why-does-eiffel-tower-change-size"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Yes, slightly — the Eiffel Tower is made of iron, which expands with heat, so the tower can grow by roughly 15 cm (about 6 inches) taller in summer compared to winter due to thermal expansion. It can also lean a few centimeters away from the sun as the heated side expands.... | numeric | medium | [
"science",
"surprising-true"
] |
FV28 | fact-verification | general | How is Pluto currently classified in our solar system, and when and why did this classification change? | outdated | Pluto was considered the solar system's ninth planet from its 1930 discovery until August 24, 2006, when the International Astronomical Union adopted a new planet definition and reclassified it as a 'dwarf planet' because it does not gravitationally dominate its orbital neighborhood. | [
"https://science.nasa.gov/dwarf-planets/pluto/facts/",
"https://www.astronomy.com/today-in-the-history-of-astronomy/aug-24-2006-pluto-is-demoted/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Pluto was reclassified in 2006 from a \"planet\" to a \"dwarf planet\" by the International Astronomical Union, which introduced a formal definition of \"planet\" requiring a body to have cleared the neighborhood around its orbit—something Pluto, sharing the Kuiper Belt wi... | judge | easy | [
"science",
"outdated",
"planets"
] |
FV37 | fact-verification | general | What is the current scholarly consensus on whether the Voynich Manuscript is written in a genuine, currently unidentified language or cipher, versus being a meaningless hoax? | unverifiable | No proposed decipherment of the Voynich Manuscript has been independently verified or accepted by the scholarly community despite numerous claimed 'solutions' over the decades; leading experts still call it the central unsolved problem in the history of cryptography, and whether the text is genuinely meaningful or an e... | [
"https://news.yale.edu/2025/02/21/deciphering-mysterious-manuscript",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voynich_manuscript"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The current scholarly consensus leans toward the Voynich Manuscript being a genuine text encoding real language-like content (via cipher, code, shorthand, or an unusual natural language), rather than a meaningless hoax — this is based on strong statistical regularities (wo... | judge | hard | [
"history",
"disputed"
] |
FV46 | fact-verification | general | On what date did Apple first close a trading day with a market capitalization above $3 trillion? | true | Apple briefly touched $3 trillion intraday on January 3, 2022 but fell back below it by the close; it did not actually close a trading day above the $3 trillion mark until June 30, 2023, when its shares rose to give it a $3.05 trillion valuation. | [
"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/03/apple-becomes-first-us-company-to-reach-3-trillion-market-cap.html",
"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/apple-3-trillion-market-cap-first-us-company/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Apple first closed above a $3 trillion market cap on January 3, 2022.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | hard | [
"business",
"apple",
"acquisitions"
] |
FV55 | fact-verification | general | For approximately how much money did Amazon acquire Whole Foods Market in 2017? | false | The real price was about $13.7 billion, not $10.4 billion. Amazon agreed to pay $42 per share, an all-cash deal valued at roughly $13.7 billion including debt, announced June 16, 2017 — at the time Amazon's largest-ever acquisition. | [
"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/16/amazon-is-buying-whole-foods-in-a-deal-valued-at-13-point-7-billion.html",
"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-16/amazon-to-acquire-whole-foods-in-13-7-billion-bet-on-groceries"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Amazon acquired Whole Foods Market in 2017 for approximately $13.7 billion.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | numeric | medium | [
"business",
"nuance",
"amazon",
"acquisitions"
] |
FV64 | fact-verification | general | Who founded Anthropic, and in what year was the company founded? | true | Dario Amodei (OpenAI's former VP of Research) and Daniela Amodei (former VP of Safety and Policy) co-founded Anthropic in January 2021 along with several other former senior OpenAI staffers after departing over directional disagreements. | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dario_Amodei"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Anthropic was founded in 2021 by a group of former OpenAI employees, most notably siblings Dario Amodei (CEO) and Daniela Amodei (President), along with several other co-founders including Tom Brown, Chris Olah, Sam McCandlish, Jack Clark, and Jared Kaplan.",
"verdict": ... | exact | easy | [
"ai-tech",
"openai",
"anthropic",
"2020s"
] |
FV73 | fact-verification | general | How quickly did ChatGPT reach 100 million monthly active users after its public launch, and how did that compare to other consumer apps' growth rates? | true | A UBS analysis using Similarweb data found ChatGPT hit 100 million monthly active users about 60 days after its November 2022 launch, versus roughly nine months for TikTok and over two years for Instagram — UBS called it the fastest ramp they'd seen in 20 years of tracking consumer internet apps. | [
"https://aibusiness.com/nlp/ubs-chatgpt-is-the-fastest-growing-app-of-all-time",
"https://letsdatascience.com/news/chatgpt-reaches-100-million-users-in-60-days-02de1049"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly active users about two months after its November 30, 2022 launch (by late January 2023) — widely cited as the fastest-growing consumer application in history at that time. For comparison, TikTok took about nine months to hit 100 million ... | judge | easy | [
"ai-tech",
"surprising-true",
"openai"
] |
FV82 | fact-verification | general | How does the length of a single day on Venus (one full axial rotation) compare to the length of a Venusian year (one full orbit of the Sun)? | true | NASA confirms a Venusian solar day is about 243 Earth days while a Venusian year (orbit of the Sun) is about 225 Earth days, making Venus the only planet whose day exceeds its year. | [
"https://science.nasa.gov/venus/venus-facts/",
"https://www.space.com/venus-atomphere-slows-down-rotation"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Venus's rotation is extremely slow: one sidereal day (axial rotation) takes about 243 Earth days, while one Venusian year (orbit around the Sun) takes about 225 Earth days. So a day on Venus is actually longer than its year.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | numeric | medium | [
"science",
"surprising-true",
"planets"
] |
FV91 | fact-verification | general | What does the actual archaeological and chemical evidence show about honey found in ancient Egyptian tombs - was it verified to still be edible, or is this more of an unsubstantiated story? | true | Archaeologists excavating ancient Egyptian tombs (including the 1922 Howard Carter excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb) have repeatedly found sealed pots of honey thousands of years old that remained unspoiled and edible, due to honey's low water content, acidic pH, and hydrogen peroxide produced by bee enzymes. | [
"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-science-behind-honeys-eternal-shelf-life-1218690/",
"https://historyfacts.com/world-history/fact/archaeologists-have-found-3000-year-old-pots-of-honey-that-are-still-edible/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The claims that ancient Egyptian tomb honey (notably from Tutankhamun's tomb, discovered 1922) was still edible are largely internet folklore rather than rigorously verified fact. Honey's very low water activity, high sugar concentration, acidity, and hydrogen peroxide pro... | judge | medium | [
"science",
"surprising-true",
"food-facts"
] |
FV100 | fact-verification | general | How long has the storm currently identified as Jupiter's Great Red Spot existed, and how has its size been changing in recent decades? | partially_true | The shrinking is well documented (NASA/Hubble data show it has decreased from roughly three Earth-widths in the late 1800s to just over one Earth-width today, continuing to contract), but the '350 years' figure is inaccurate: a 2024 AGU study found the current spot is a distinct feature that formed only about 190 years... | [
"https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/jupiter/jupiters-great-red-spot-getting-taller-as-it-shrinks/",
"https://news.agu.org/press-release/jupiters-great-red-spot-reborn-1800s/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Jupiter's Great Red Spot has been observed continuously since at least the late 1800s (with possible earlier sightings back to the 17th century, though continuity to those is uncertain), making it at least roughly 150 years old, possibly much older. In recent decades it ha... | numeric | medium | [
"science",
"nuance"
] |
FV109 | fact-verification | general | What historical evidence exists to support the story that Galileo dropped two balls of different mass from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to test how objects fall? | unverifiable | The story rests solely on a biography by Galileo's student Vincenzo Viviani, written decades after Galileo's death and unsupported by Galileo's own writings or any contemporary witness account, leading most historians of science to consider the tower-drop apocryphal or at best a thought experiment, since Galileo's docu... | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo's_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_experiment",
"https://physicsworld.com/a/the-legend-of-the-leaning-tower/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The historical evidence is thin: the story comes solely from a biography of Galileo written by his student and secretary Vincenzo Viviani decades after the fact (in the 1650s-60s, though Galileo died in 1642), and it wasn't published until much later. Galileo himself never... | judge | hard | [
"science",
"disputed"
] |
FV118 | fact-verification | general | What is the current scientific status of the dinosaur genus name Brontosaurus -- is it considered a valid, distinct genus or merely an old synonym for Apatosaurus? | outdated | Although Brontosaurus was reclassified as a junior synonym of Apatosaurus by Elmer Riggs in 1903, a rigorous 2015 statistical phylogenetic analysis by Tschopp, Mateus, and Benson found sufficient skeletal differences (e.g., neck width) to resurrect Brontosaurus as a valid, distinct genus, though a minority of paleontol... | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brontosaurus",
"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/back-brontosaurus-dinosaur-just-might-deserve-its-own-genus-species-science-180954892/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Brontosaurus is now generally considered a valid, distinct genus, not just a junior synonym of Apatosaurus. A detailed 2015 quantitative study (Tschopp, Mateus, and Benson) re-examined diplodocid specimens and concluded that Brontosaurus species are sufficiently distinct f... | judge | medium | [
"science",
"outdated"
] |
FV127 | fact-verification | general | What did Paul Revere actually say during his night ride on April 18, 1775, and where does the popular "The British are coming" phrase come from? | false | Contemporary accounts indicate Revere quietly warned individuals house-to-house that "the Regulars are coming out" (colonists still considered themselves British, so that phrasing would have made little sense), and the popular "British are coming" version stems from an 1822 secondhand recollection and Longfellow's fict... | [
"https://www.paulreverehouse.org/the-real-story/",
"https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/paul-reveres-ride-legends-myths-and-realities"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "According to Longfellow's famous poem, Revere shouted \"The British are coming\" — but that's largely poetic license and probably wasn't said, partly because the mission was secret (British regulars were still moving through, colonists themselves were legally \"British\" s... | judge | medium | [
"history",
"nuance",
"pre-1900"
] |
FV136 | fact-verification | general | Did the 1215 Magna Carta establish democratic government in England, and what did it actually do? | false | The Magna Carta limited the king's power and secured specific legal rights and protections mainly for noble barons and freemen (not the general population or serfs), but it did not create democracy and had little immediate practical effect, being annulled by the Pope within months and only gaining its symbolic constitu... | [
"https://www.worldhistory.org/Magna_Carta/",
"https://time.com/3920966/magna-carta-centenary-800-years/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "No — the Magna Carta did not establish democracy. It was a charter forced on King John by rebellious barons in 1215, aimed primarily at protecting the feudal privileges and property rights of the nobility and church against arbitrary royal power, and asserting that even th... | judge | easy | [
"history",
"myth-busting",
"magna-carta"
] |
FV145 | fact-verification | general | Which river is traditionally credited as the longest in the world, and how does its length compare to its main rival? | partially_true | Guinness World Records and standard references still credit the Nile (~6,650 km) over the Amazon (~6,400 km) as the longest river, but since a 2007 Brazilian-led expedition and subsequent studies re-measured the Amazon's source and mouth, some scientists genuinely dispute the ranking because neither river's exact sourc... | [
"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/amazon-longer-than-nile-river",
"https://phys.org/news/2023-06-longer-amazon-nile-quest-aims.html"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The Nile River is traditionally credited as the world's longest, at roughly 6,650 km (4,130 miles), flowing north through northeastern Africa to the Mediterranean. Its main rival is the Amazon River, which is close in length (around 6,400 km or possibly longer depending on... | numeric | hard | [
"geography",
"nuance",
"geography-facts"
] |
FV154 | fact-verification | general | Which river is the longest located entirely within Europe? | true | Geographic sources confirm the Volga at roughly 3,531 km, lying entirely within Russia's European territory, is Europe's longest river overall, while the Danube (~2,850 km) is only the longest river confined to European Union member states, which is why it's commonly but mistakenly cited as Europe's longest. | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga",
"https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/10-longest-rivers-in-europe.html"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The Volga is the longest river located entirely within Europe, at about 3,530 km (roughly 2,193 miles), flowing through Russia into the Caspian Sea.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"geography",
"surprising-true",
"geography-facts"
] |
FV163 | fact-verification | general | What did astronaut Jim Lovell (or Jack Swigert) actually radio to Mission Control during the Apollo 13 crisis in 1970, according to the official NASA transcript? | false | The official NASA transcript shows Jack Swigert first radioed 'Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here,' which Lovell then repeated in the past tense as 'Houston, we've had a problem'; the present-tense 'we have a problem' is a dramatized misquote popularized by the 1995 film. | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_we_have_a_problem",
"https://abc13.com/post/this-day-in-history-houston-weve-had-a-problem/1869513/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "According to the official NASA transcript, it was Jack Swigert who first radioed, \"Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here.\" When CAPCOM asked him to repeat, Jim Lovell then repeated it as \"Houston, we've had a problem.\" The commonly quoted line \"Houston, we have a pr... | exact | medium | [
"history",
"nuance",
"space",
"1970s"
] |
FV172 | fact-verification | general | What is the actual shelf life of a Twinkie, according to the manufacturer, as opposed to the popular urban legend about it lasting indefinitely? | false | Twinkies' actual shelf life is about 45-65 days from baking, not years or decades; the urban legend of near-eternal shelf life is a significant exaggeration, though it is true they last unusually long for a baked good because the recipe contains no dairy. | [
"https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/forever-twinkies/",
"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/09/200465360/the-science-of-twinkies-how-do-they-last-so-long"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "According to Hostess, Twinkies have a shelf life of about 45 days (roughly 6-7 weeks) — not the indefinite/decades-long shelf life suggested by the popular urban legend. The myth likely grew out of the product's stability and a mistaken reading of \"best by\" dates as expi... | numeric | easy | [
"culture",
"myth-busting",
"food-facts"
] |
FV181 | fact-verification | general | Where does the exact phrase 'separation of church and state' come from, and does it appear anywhere in the text of the U.S. Constitution? | false | The phrase appears nowhere in the Constitution; it originates from an 1802 letter by Thomas Jefferson to the Danbury Baptist Association describing a 'wall of separation between church and state,' while the Constitution's actual text only bars Congress from establishing a religion or prohibiting its free exercise (Firs... | [
"https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9806/danpre.html",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The phrase \"separation of church and state\" does not appear in the Constitution. It originates from an 1802 letter Thomas Jefferson, then president, wrote to the Danbury Baptist Association, in which he described the First Amendment's religion clauses as building \"a wal... | judge | medium | [
"law",
"myth-busting",
"us-constitution"
] |
FV190 | fact-verification | general | Under the U.S. system, what determines who becomes President — is winning the national popular vote required, and what mechanism actually decides the outcome? | false | The presidency is decided by the Electoral College (270 of 538 electoral votes needed), not the national popular vote; five candidates in U.S. history — including George W. Bush in 2000 and Donald Trump in 2016 — won the presidency while losing the popular vote. | [
"https://www.usa.gov/electoral-college",
"https://www.npr.org/2016/11/02/500112248/how-to-win-the-presidency-with-27-percent-of-the-popular-vote"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Winning the national popular vote is not required. The outcome is decided by the Electoral College: each state gets electors roughly proportional to its congressional representation, nearly all states award all their electors to whoever wins that state's popular vote (winn... | judge | easy | [
"government",
"myth-busting",
"us-presidency"
] |
FV199 | fact-verification | general | During his lifetime, did Elvis Presley ever perform a live concert in Europe, and what do historians say about why or why not? | false | Elvis never performed a live concert outside North America during his lifetime, aside from five shows in Canada in 1957; manager Colonel Tom Parker is widely believed to have blocked international tours to avoid scrutiny of his own undocumented immigration status, and the first 'European tour' billed under Elvis's name... | [
"https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/elvis-presley-never-play-outside-north-america/",
"http://www.elvis-history-blog.com/elvis-tours.html"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Yes. Elvis Presley performed live in Europe — but only in the UK, and only briefly: he gave a small number of concerts in Scotland (Aberdeen) and England (including Manchester and other stops during a March 1960 tour) while returning from his U.S. Army service in Germany. ... | judge | medium | [
"entertainment",
"surprising-true",
"entertainment-history"
] |
FV208 | fact-verification | general | Has Warren Buffett announced plans to step down as CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, and who would succeed him? | true | Buffett, then 95, served his last day as Berkshire's CEO on December 31, 2025, having announced the succession plan in 2025; Greg Abel, previously vice chairman overseeing Berkshire's non-insurance operations, formally became CEO on January 1, 2026. Buffett remains chairman and continues coming into the office, mentori... | [
"https://www.npr.org/2026/01/01/nx-s1-5661491/warren-buffett-retires-berkshire-hathaway-ceo",
"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/02/berkshire-hathaway-shares-dip-as-warren-buffett-exits-and-greg-abel-era-begins.html"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Yes — in May 2025, Warren Buffett announced he would step down as Berkshire Hathaway's CEO at the end of 2025, handing the role to Vice Chairman Greg Abel, while Buffett intended to remain as chairman. As of my knowledge cutoff, the transition hadn't yet formally taken eff... | exact | medium | [
"business",
"berkshire-hathaway",
"2020s"
] |
FDS01 | fda-drug-safety-verification | medicine | Why was ranitidine (Zantac) recalled from the U.S. market in 2019-2020, and when did the FDA request its complete removal from sale? | openFDA drug/enforcement.json search "product_description:ranitidine" returns 100 real enforcement records. One example, recall_number D-0643-2020 (Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA), reason_for_recall: "CGMP Deviations: Presence of NDMA impurity detected in product." — recall_initiation_date 20191217, center_classifi... | Called fda.searchDrugRecalls('ranitidine') against the live openFDA drug/enforcement.json endpoint. It returned 100 total ranitidine enforcement records; the 5 shown on this page alone span 4 distinct recalling firms (Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA, Mckesson Packaging Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Inc., Novit... | [
"https://api.fda.gov/drug/enforcement.json?search=product_description%3A%22ranitidine%22&limit=5",
"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-requests-removal-all-ranitidine-products-zantac-market"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Ranitidine was recalled because testing found it could contain N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen, with levels that could increase over time or when stored at higher temperatures, and could be higher than acceptable limits especially in older stock.... | judge | easy | [
"recall",
"ndma",
"fda",
"zantac"
] |
FDS11 | fda-drug-safety-verification | medicine | In 2013, how many MiniMed Paradigm insulin infusion sets did Medtronic recall worldwide, and what was the reason for the recall? | Live record Z-1668-2013: product_quantity "11,000,000 units", classification Class I, reason_for_recall (truncated): "Medtronic is recalling the Medtronic MiniMed Paradigm Medtronic is recalling the Medtronic MiniMed Paradigm Insulin Infusion sets because of a potential safety issue that can occur if insulin or other..... | fda.searchDeviceRecalls found Z-1668-2013, product_quantity field literally "11,000,000 units" — an exact match to the claimed "roughly 11 million" figure — classification "Class I" (Class I, FDA's most severe), reason_for_recall describing a potential over/under-insulin-delivery safety issue matching the claim. This 2... | [
"https://api.fda.gov/device/enforcement.json?search=recalling_firm%3A%22Medtronic+MiniMed%22+AND+classification%3A%22Class+I%22&limit=10",
"https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-recalls-and-early-alerts"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have confident, specific knowledge of a 2013 Medtronic MiniMed Paradigm infusion set recall with an exact worldwide unit count and stated reason. Medtronic has issued several recalls of MiniMed Paradigm infusion sets over the years (often related to issues like ins... | numeric | hard | [
"recall",
"device",
"insulin-pump",
"2010s"
] |
FDS21 | fda-drug-safety-verification | medicine | How many adverse event reports does the FDA's FAERS database contain linking Ozempic (semaglutide) to blindness? | Live openFDA count for reports naming OZEMPIC AND reaction "Blindness": 473. | Called fda.countAdverseEventReports('OZEMPIC','Blindness') live: 473 reports on file — not "hundreds of thousands." (Separately, semaglutide/NAION — non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, a real vision-related safety signal — has been the subject of ongoing FDA and academic review as of this build, but that ... | [
"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json?search=patient.drug.medicinalproduct%3A%22OZEMPIC%22+AND+patient.reaction.reactionmeddrapt%3A%22Blindness%22&limit=0",
"(test claim constructed to check an exaggerated/implausible adverse-event magnitude claim)"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have a specific, reliable figure for this. I'm not aware of a well-established public number of FAERS reports specifically linking Ozempic/semaglutide to blindness or vision loss, and I don't want to state a specific-sounding count without confidence it's accurate.... | numeric | medium | [
"faers",
"ozempic",
"false-claim",
"adverse-events"
] |
FDS31 | fda-drug-safety-verification | medicine | Roughly how many FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) reports naming Eliquis (apixaban) involve hemorrhage/bleeding as the reported reaction? | Live openFDA count for reports naming ELIQUIS AND reaction "Haemorrhage": 19,233. | Called fda.countAdverseEventReports('ELIQUIS','Haemorrhage') live: 19,233 reports on file, well into "tens of thousands." As with the other FAERS rows in this dataset, this is a raw, non-deduplicated, non-causality-confirmed spontaneous-report count (openFDA's own disclaimer, present on every response), not a confirmed... | [
"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json?search=patient.drug.medicinalproduct%3A%22ELIQUIS%22+AND+patient.reaction.reactionmeddrapt%3A%22Haemorrhage%22&limit=0",
"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/202155Orig1s039,s040lbl.pdf"
] | {
"model": null,
"response": null,
"verdict": "not_yet_tested"
} | numeric | hard | [
"faers",
"eliquis",
"bleeding",
"anticoagulant"
] |
GF01 | geography-facts-verification | geography | What is the capital city of France? | Capital: Paris (CIA World Factbook, last public snapshot); Wikidata Q142 (France) P36 'capital' = Q90 (Paris), rank 'preferred' | Fetched France's Factbook record live (europe/fr.json, 200 OK): Government.Capital.name = 'Paris'. Independently queried live Wikidata for entity Q142 (France), property P36 (capital): the sole 'preferred'-rank statement resolves to Q90, whose English label is 'Paris'. Both sources, maintained independently, agree exac... | [
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/factbook/factbook.json/master/europe/fr.json ; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142#P36",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Paris is the capital city of France.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"capitals",
"france",
"europe"
] |
GF11 | geography-facts-verification | geography | What is Vatican City's current resident population? | 1,000 (2024, Factbook); 882 (2024, Wikidata preferred, sourced to vaticanstate.va, the Vatican's own official population page) | Vatican City's live Factbook record gives a round 1,000 (2024). Live Wikidata's most recent dated P1082 statement gives a more specific 882 (also 2024), and — unusually for a population statement — its reference URL resolves to the Vatican's own official government site (vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/p... | [
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/factbook/factbook.json/master/europe/vt.json ; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237#P1082",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Vatican City's resident population is roughly 800 people, making it the smallest country in the world by population. The figure fluctuates slightly year to year but has hovered in that range (around 750-825) for some time.",
"verdict": "hallucinated"
} | numeric | hard | [
"population",
"vatican-city",
"microstate"
] |
GF21 | geography-facts-verification | geography | Which countries does Nepal share a land border with? | Factbook border countries for Nepal: China 1,389 km; India 1,770 km — no Pakistan. Wikidata P47: exactly China and India, no Pakistan | Nepal's live Factbook record lists exactly two border countries: China and India. Live Wikidata's P47 statements for Q837 independently return exactly the same two, and no Pakistan entry exists on either source. Nepal and Pakistan are separated by the width of northern India (specifically the narrow Indian state of Utt... | [
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/factbook/factbook.json/master/south-asia/np.json ; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837#P47",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Nepal is a landlocked country bordered by China (Tibet Autonomous Region) to the north and India to the south, east, and west. It shares land borders with only these two countries.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | judge | medium | [
"borders",
"nepal",
"common-misconception"
] |
GF31 | geography-facts-verification | geography | Which city or cities serve as the capital of South Africa, and what is the significance of each? | Factbook: 'Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)'. Wikidata Q258 (South Africa) P36: three normal-rank statements — Q3926 (Pretoria, qualified 'applies to part' = executive branch), Q5465 (Cape Town, qualified 'applies to part' = legislature), Q37701 (Bloemf... | South Africa's live Factbook record names three separate capitals for three branches of government: Pretoria (executive/administrative), Cape Town (legislative, seat of Parliament), Bloemfontein (judicial, seat of the Supreme Court of Appeal). Live Wikidata's P36 property for Q258 independently carries three normal-ran... | [
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/factbook/factbook.json/master/africa/sf.json ; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258#P36",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria"
] | {
"model": null,
"response": null,
"verdict": "not_yet_tested"
} | judge | hard | [
"capitals",
"south-africa",
"multi-capital"
] |
GC01 | government-contract-verification | government | What share of Lockheed Martin Corporation's business or revenue comes from the U.S. Department of Defense and other U.S. federal government agencies? | USASpending's parent-level recipient profile for LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP (recipient_id b97d19b0-833c-8d8f-3a2c-157d04ea55ef-P, UEI ZFN2JJXBLZT3) shows $63,434,163,102.85 in total transactions across 19,172 federal awards. Breaking out a single recent fiscal year via spending_by_category/awarding_agency (FY2025, recipient_... | Not just a majority -- in the most recent fiscal year checked, essentially the entire (99.7%) contract-obligation total traces to DoD specifically, with the parent-level UEI hierarchy (which correctly rolls up real subsidiaries like Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, confirmed by alternate_names on the same profile) showin... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Roughly 70–75% of Lockheed Martin's revenue comes from the U.S. government, with the vast majority of that from the Department of Defense (the rest from agencies like NASA); the remainder comes from foreign military sales/international customers and a small amount of comme... | numeric | medium | [
"lockheed-martin",
"dod",
"revenue-share",
"sec-edgar"
] |
GC11 | government-contract-verification | government | What was the reported value of the Core Enterprise Technology Agreement (CETA) that the Pentagon awarded to Dell for software license consolidation? | "DELL FEDERAL SYSTEMS L.P" is confirmed as the real, distinct USASpending recipient for federal Dell business -- 47,288 contracts plus 72 IDVs on a live award-count check, with the largest single confirmed contract being $1,730,532,626.58 (VA11817F1888, a 2017 Department of Veterans Affairs order), followed by VA Micro... | Two real, separate findings here: (1) the entity press coverage vaguely calls "Dell" is, on the government side, specifically Dell Federal Systems L.P. -- a distinct legal entity from the consumer/enterprise brand, itself a genuine parent/subsidiary-naming trap; and (2) no award near the claimed $9.7B figure has yet su... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I'm not aware of a specific, verified reported dollar value for a \"Core Enterprise Technology Agreement (CETA)\" between the Pentagon and Dell for software license consolidation. I don't have confident knowledge of this specific contract, and I don't want to state a speci... | numeric | hard | [
"dell",
"dod",
"cloud",
"2020s"
] |
GC21 | government-contract-verification | government | As of December 2024, what level of FedRAMP authorization did Palo Alto Networks announce it had achieved, and across how many of its major cybersecurity platforms? | Searching "PALO ALTO NETWORKS" as recipient_search_text returns only 5 awards total, the largest being $7,202,535 -- and three of the five are actually filed under "EXPANSE, LLC", an acquired Palo Alto Networks subsidiary with its own separate recipient name, while a fourth is filed under yet another distinct entity, "... | Two compounding real findings: the claim's dollar scale ('most comprehensive federal suite') is entirely unsupported by direct-prime USASpending data (five awards, largest under $7.3M), and the awards that do exist are scattered across at least three differently-named legal entities (Palo Alto Networks Inc, Palo Alto N... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In December 2024, Palo Alto Networks announced it had achieved FedRAMP High authorization across its major cybersecurity platforms — Strata, Prisma Cloud, and Cortex — covering three platforms in total. I'm not fully certain of every product name or exact scope, so it woul... | judge | medium | [
"palo-alto-networks",
"fedramp",
"cybersecurity",
"sec-edgar"
] |
GC31 | government-contract-verification | government | What is the reported ceiling value of the Missile Defense Agency's SHIELD IDIQ contract that Parsons Corporation was awarded a position on in December 2025, and is that ceiling shared among multiple companies or exclusive to Parsons? | A real, matching initial order is directly confirmed: HQ085926FG445, "SCALABLE HOMELAND INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE LAYERED DEFENSE (SHIELD) INITIAL ORDER", awarded to PARSONS GOVERNMENT SERVICES INC. by the Missile Defense Agency, start date 2025-12-29 (one week after the announcement), value $500.00, running through 2035-1... | Same honest pattern as GC03 (Anduril/Army) and GC04 (Palantir/Army): the claim itself is properly hedged ("position on" a ceiling contract, not a guaranteed $151B award), and the one thing that IS independently checkable -- whether Parsons genuinely holds a real, active position on the real MDA SHIELD vehicle -- is dir... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have reliable knowledge of a Missile Defense Agency \"SHIELD\" IDIQ contract awarded in December 2025 -- this is beyond my training data, and I can't confirm a ceiling figure or whether it's a multi-award vehicle without guessing.",
"verdict": "hedged_correctly"
... | judge | hard | [
"parsons",
"missile-defense-agency",
"idiq",
"ceiling-vs-obligated"
] |
HF01 | history-facts-verification | history | On what date did the Battle of Hastings take place? | Wikidata Q83224 (Battle of Hastings), property P585 (point in time) = 1066-10-14 | Live query: getClaim('Q83224','P585') returns point-in-time statement value "1066-10-14", with a real external reference URL attached to the statement itself: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/1066-battle-of-hastings-abbey-and-battlefield/. Matches the claimed date exactly. | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83224#P585",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The Battle of Hastings took place on 14 October 1066.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"medieval",
"battle",
"england",
"1066"
] |
HF09 | history-facts-verification | history | On what date did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? | Wikidata Q52418 P585 (point in time) = 1941-12-07 | Live query confirms Q52418 P585 = "1941-12-07", matching. (Because Hawaii sits west of the international date line, the attack was already December 8 in Japan — a genuine, real UTC/local-date artifact, not an error, that occasionally confuses date-based claims about this event; the claim as worded uses the Hawaii/mainl... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52418#P585",
"https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "December 7, 1941 (local time in Hawaii; it was December 8 in Japan).",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"wwii",
"pearl-harbor",
"1940s"
] |
HF17 | history-facts-verification | history | On what date did Abraham Lincoln die? | Wikidata Q91 (Abraham Lincoln) P570 (death date) = 1865-04-15 | Live query: Q91 P570 = "1865-04-15", with three independent external references directly on the statement: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/april-15-1865-tragic-last-hours-abraham-lincoln, https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/visibleproofs/galleries/cases/lincoln.html, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lin... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91#P570",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Abraham Lincoln died on April 15, 1865, having been shot the previous evening (April 14) at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | hard | [
"us-history",
"assassination",
"lincoln"
] |
HF25 | history-facts-verification | history | On what date was the Treaty of Paris signed, ending the American Revolutionary War? | Wikidata Q217450 P585 (point in time) = 1783-09-03 | Live query confirms Q217450 P585 = "1783-09-03", matching. | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217450#P585",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "September 3, 1783.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | medium | [
"us-history",
"treaties",
"1783"
] |
HF33 | history-facts-verification | history | What caused World War I? | Wikidata Q361 (World War I) P828 (has cause) = ["multiple causes"] | Live query: getClaimResolved('Q361','P828') returns a single value whose label is literally "multiple causes" (Wikidata item Q18121382) — i.e. Wikidata's own structured cause field explicitly rejects a single-cause framing for World War I. The Sarajevo assassination (independently date-verified elsewhere in this datase... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361#P828",
"https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-caused-the-first-world-war"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "World War I was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo in June 1914, which set off a chain reaction through Europe's alliance system (Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia, drawing in Russia, Germany, France, and B... | judge | hard | [
"wwi",
"causation",
"misconception"
] |
LV01 | legal-verification | law | What constitutional principle did the U.S. Supreme Court establish in its 1803 decision in Marbury v. Madison regarding the judiciary's role over laws that conflict with the Constitution? | "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. Those who apply the use to particular cases, must of necessity expound and interpret that rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each... So if a law be in opposition to the consti... | Fetched the real majority opinion text (Marshall, C.J., unattributed 'the court' per CAP's OCR of the original caption) from Harvard's CC0-licensed Caselaw Access Project bulk data (5 U.S. 137). The claimed holding is confirmed verbatim in the opinion's own language at the passage quoted above, which is the textual bas... | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbury_v._Madison"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review — the authority of federal courts to review acts of Congress (and other government actions) and declare them unconstitutional and void if they conflict with the Constitution. Chief... | judge | easy | [
"judicial-review",
"scotus",
"constitutional-law",
"1800s"
] |
LV09 | legal-verification | law | What did the Supreme Court hold in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), and was the decision unanimous, regarding the right to counsel for indigent criminal defendants? | "In our adversary system of criminal justice, any person haled into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him. This seems to us to be an obvious truth." | Wikidata (Q5559684) — decision date 1963-03-18; citations: 372 U.S. 335; 83 S. Ct. 792; 9 L. Ed. 2d ... | Fetched the real Black majority opinion (372 U.S. 335) from CAP bulk data. Quote confirmed verbatim. Opinion record shows 1 majority + 2 concurrences (Clark, Harlan) and no dissent, consistent with a unanimous judgment despite differing reasoning among the concurring justices. [2026-07-12 deepening pass] Wikidata's P57... | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_v._Wainwright"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel is a fundamental right made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, meaning states must provide free legal counsel to indigent defendants in felony crimina... | judge | easy | [
"sixth-amendment",
"right-to-counsel",
"scotus",
"1960s"
] |
LV17 | legal-verification | law | In Bush v. Gore (2000), how many justices agreed there was an Equal Protection Clause problem with Florida's recount, as distinct from how many agreed on the specific remedy, and what was the overall vote split? | "With respect to the equal protection question, we find a violation of the Equal Protection Clause... Seven Justices of the Court agree that there are constitutional problems with the recount ordered by the Florida Supreme Court that demand a remedy. See post, at 134 (Souter, J., dissenting); post, at 145-146 (Breyer, ... | Fetched the real per curiam opinion (531 U.S. 98) from CAP bulk data. The claim's '5-4 on the equal protection violation itself' characterization diverges from the primary source's own explicit language: the per curiam opinion states in its own text that 'Seven Justices of the Court agree that there are constitutional ... | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_v._Gore"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In Bush v. Gore, seven justices (including liberals Breyer and Souter) agreed that Florida's recount standards violated the Equal Protection Clause, but only five justices agreed on the remedy — halting the recount entirely because no constitutionally adequate recount coul... | judge | hard | [
"election-law",
"equal-protection",
"vote-count",
"2000s"
] |
LV25 | legal-verification | law | In Katz v. United States (1967), which specific opinion — the majority opinion or a separate opinion by another justice — actually formulated the 'reasonable expectation of privacy' test now associated with the case, and what reasoning did the majority opinion itself rely on instead? | Majority (Stewart, J.): "...the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection." The exact phrase 'reasonable expectation of privacy' does not appear anywhere in the majority text. Concurrence (... | Fetched the real Stewart majority opinion and Harlan's real separate concurrence (389 U.S. 347) live from CAP bulk data, then searched both opinion texts independently for the exact three-word phrase 'reasonable expectation of privacy.' It is entirely absent from the majority opinion (which instead uses the 'protects p... | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katz_v._United_States"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The 'reasonable expectation of privacy' formulation actually comes from Justice Harlan's concurring opinion in Katz, not from Justice Stewart's majority opinion. The majority opinion instead rested on the reasoning that \"the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places,\"... | judge | hard | [
"fourth-amendment",
"katz-test",
"attribution",
"1960s"
] |
LV33 | legal-verification | law | In Plyler v. Doe (1982), what standard of judicial scrutiny did the Supreme Court's majority opinion actually apply (in its own words) in striking down a Texas law denying free public education to undocumented immigrant children, and by what vote was the case decided? | "[T]o deny a discrete group of innocent children the free public education that it offers to other children residing within its borders, that denial must be justified by a showing that it furthers some substantial state interest. No such showing was made here." The majority opinion's body formulates its standard withou... | Fetched the real Brennan majority opinion (457 U.S. 202) live from CAP bulk data. The 5-4 vote and the core equal-protection holding are both confirmed directly from the case's own explicit joining caption and holding language. CORRECTION (2026-07-13 adversarial audit): this row previously asserted that the majority op... | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plyler_v._Doe"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In *Plyler v. Doe* (1982), the majority opinion (written by Justice Brennan) did not apply strict scrutiny — it explicitly declined to treat undocumented children as a suspect class or education as a fundamental right. Instead, it applied a heightened form of rational-basi... | judge | hard | [
"equal-protection",
"immigration",
"scrutiny-level",
"1980s"
] |
MV01 | math-verification | math | What is the exact value of the 100th Fibonacci number, F(100)? | 354224848179261915075 | Computed F(100) two independent ways: (1) an exact BigInt fast-doubling algorithm (O(log n) bigint multiplications, no floating point at all) in scripts/verification/math-verify.mjs's fibonacciBigInt(), and (2) Python's sympy.fibonacci(100). Both returned 354224848179261915075, matching the claimed value exactly. | [
"computed directly",
"https://r-knott.surrey.ac.uk/fibonacci/fibtable.html"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't know the exact value of F(100) from memory with confidence. From what I recall, the 100th Fibonacci number (with F(1)=F(2)=1) is 354224848179261915075, but I'm not fully certain of every digit, so I'd recommend verifying it computationally rather than trusting this... | exact | hard | [
"fibonacci",
"sequences",
"number-theory",
"computation"
] |
MV09 | math-verification | math | What is the last (units) decimal digit of Graham's number? | The last digit of a power-tower of 3s stabilizes at 7 for every tower height ≥ 2 (heights 1 through 8 tested: 3, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7); Wikidata's own Graham's number entity (Q733169) independently states its defining construction (P2534) as the exact gₙ up-arrow recursion our modular-lifting technique relies on | Graham's number is too large to compute or even represent directly — there is no honest way to 'just compute it'. The real technique mathematicians use (and the one implemented here, in towerOfThreesLastDigit() in math-verify.mjs) is modular exponent-lifting: repeatedly reduce the exponent of a power tower of 3s modulo... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733169#P2534",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%27s_number"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Graham's number is a power of 3, and powers of 3 cycle through last digits 3, 9, 7, 1. Its last digit is known to be 7.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | hard | [
"grahams-number",
"number-theory",
"modular-arithmetic"
] |
MV17 | math-verification | math | Who proved the Poincaré conjecture, roughly when, and what happened regarding the Fields Medal and Millennium Prize he was subsequently offered for it? | No OpenAlex record exists for Perelman's own 2002–2003 papers (arXiv preprints only, never journal-submitted); the peer-reviewed 'complete proof' write-up in OpenAlex is authored by Cao & Zhu (2006), not Perelman. Wikidata's P61 'discoverer' names Henri Poincaré (who posed the conjecture), not Perelman. | Searched OpenAlex extensively for Perelman's own 2002–2003 papers, by title and by arXiv-DOI pattern: found no record of Perelman's own three papers in OpenAlex's index. What OpenAlex does have, and what came back as a top-ranked relevant result, is 'A Complete Proof of the Poincaré and Geometrization Conjectures' (DOI... | [
"https://openalex.org/W1984988864",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Perelman"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Grigori Perelman proved the Poincaré conjecture around 2002–2003, posting a series of papers on arXiv (building on Richard Hamilton's Ricci flow program) rather than publishing in a traditional journal. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2006 and later the Clay Millennium ... | judge | easy | [
"poincare-conjecture",
"perelman",
"topology"
] |
MV25 | math-verification | math | What closed-form value does the sum 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + 1/16 + ... (the Basel problem) converge to, and who first proved this result? | ζ(2) = 1.6449340668482264364724151666460251892189499012068... = π²/6 to all 50 computed digits (difference ≈3×10⁻⁶¹, floating-point noise at the precision boundary); Wikidata's own Basel-problem entity (Q810431) independently states P61 (discoverer/inventor) = Pietro Mengoli, not Euler | Computed the Riemann zeta function at 2 (mpmath's mp.zeta(2), an independent series-acceleration algorithm, not a naive term-by-term sum) and π²/6 separately, both to 50 decimal digits: they agree to every computed digit, with a residual difference of ≈3.1×10⁻⁶¹ that shrinks further at higher precision, confirming it's... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810431#P61",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_problem"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The Basel problem: 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + 1/16 + ... = π²/6 (approximately 1.6449). It was first proved by Leonhard Euler in 1734/1735, after the problem had stumped mathematicians (including Jacob Bernoulli, for whom it's named) for decades.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | easy | [
"basel-problem",
"euler",
"real-analysis"
] |
MV33 | math-verification | math | What is the current status of the abc conjecture — is Shinichi Mochizuki's proposed 'Inter-universal Teichmüller Theory' proof generally accepted by the mathematical community as having resolved it? | Mochizuki, 'Inter-universal Teichmüller Theory I: Construction of Hodge Theaters,' Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, published 2021-03-04 (DOI 10.4171/PRIMS/57-1-1) — a real, genuine publication, confirmed; Wikidata's own abc-conjecture entity (Q306393) still classifies it as P31=Q319141... | Looked up Mochizuki's actual first paper in the series via OpenAlex (DOI 10.4171/PRIMS/57-1-1): confirmed a real record, 'Inter-universal Teichmüller Theory I: Construction of Hodge Theaters,' Shinichi Mochizuki, Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, published 2021-03-04 — the paper genuinel... | [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306393#P31",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc_conjecture"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "No — the abc conjecture is not generally considered proven. Mochizuki's IUT papers were published in 2021 in the journal RIMS (which he edits, raising conflict-of-interest concerns), but the broader mathematical community has not accepted the proof; most notably, Peter Sch... | judge | hard | [
"abc-conjecture",
"mochizuki",
"open-problems"
] |
PV01 | patent-verification | intellectual-property | How many distinct U.S. patent numbers appear on Boostly, Inc.'s patent-marking notice page, and what does that patent's (or those patents') actual claim language cover? | US 12,382,314 B1, "Apparatus and method for communication channel configuration," filed 2025-01-23, granted 2025-08-05, assignee Boostly, Inc., inventor Shane Murphy et al. Full claims text pulled live (20 claims): claim 1 covers receiving recipient data, parsing it into a recipient profile, and determining/updating a ... | The single real, granted patent does exist and is genuinely assigned to Boostly -- this isn't a fabricated patent. But Boostly's own notice page presents it as if it were three separate, independently patented capabilities (opt-in, data aggregation, segmentation) by repeating the same one patent number under three diff... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have reliable knowledge of Boostly, Inc.'s specific patent-marking notice page or its contents. I'm not aware of Boostly's patent portfolio in enough detail to state how many distinct U.S. patent numbers are listed there or to accurately describe the actual claim l... | judge | hard | [
"patent-marking",
"claims-scope",
"small-business"
] |
PV11 | patent-verification | intellectual-property | When CRISPR Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, and Caribou Biosciences announced the grant of a U.S. patent covering CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing on June 19, 2018, who were the actual owners of that patent? | US 10,000,772 B2, "Methods and compositions for RNA-directed target DNA modification and for RNA-directed modulation of transcription," filed 2015-04-13, granted 2018-06-19 (matches 'granted today'). Assignee exactly as disclosed: The Regents of the University of California / University of Vienna / Charpentier, Emmanue... | This is a genuinely good-faith case: the patent is real, the grant date matches exactly, and the ownership structure the companies themselves disclosed (academic co-owners, companies as licensees/commentators, not misattributed self-ownership) matches USPTO's own assignee record precisely. The 'widely used throughout t... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "CRISPR Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, and Caribou Biosciences did not actually own that patent — it belonged to their licensor, ERS Genomics (and its associated academic institutions/Emmanuelle Charpentier's side of the CRISPR IP), from which those companies hold lic... | judge | hard | [
"biotech",
"crispr",
"ownership",
"licensing"
] |
PV21 | patent-verification | intellectual-property | What did the USPTO's Patent Trial and Appeal Board decide in January 2022 about the validity of Peloton's exercise-system patents (U.S. 10,322,315 and 10,022,590) in the challenge brought by Echelon Fitness? | US 10,322,315 B2 and US 10,022,590 B2, both "Exercise system and method," both real, granted, and assigned to Peloton Interactive, Inc. Per multiple law-press sources (Bloomberg Law, Law360, ipCG), both patents were found unpatentable/obvious by PTAB in January 2022, in a separate, later challenge brought by Echelon Fi... | The 2020 Flywheel-settlement quote about portfolio 'strength' concerned a different dispute and was accurate to that specific outcome at the time. But two of Peloton's own core exercise-system patents were separately, formally found obvious and unpatentable by USPTO's own tribunal less than two years later -- a real, d... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "In January 2022, the PTAB (in inter partes review proceedings brought by Echelon Fitness) ruled largely in Echelon's favor, finding that the challenged claims of Peloton's patents U.S. 10,322,315 and 10,022,590 (covering aspects of its connected exercise-bike/streaming-cla... | judge | hard | [
"ptab",
"invalidated",
"fitness-tech"
] |
PV31 | patent-verification | intellectual-property | What company is the assignee of record, and who is named as an inventor, on U.S. Design Patent No. D798,177 ('Audio/Video doorbell'), the patent covering the Ring video doorbell? | US D798,177 S, "Audio/Video doorbell," filed 2016-09-14, granted 2017-09-26, assignee Ring Inc., inventor James Siminoff (listed "et al." with co-inventors) -- real, granted, and cleanly assigned, matching the claim. | A clean confirmation: the design patent is real, granted, correctly assigned to Ring Inc., and correctly names Siminoff as an inventor. Worth flagging as a separate, non-scored complication that this specific patent check doesn't resolve: Amazon's Ring has separately faced a real, publicly reported dispute with SkyBell... | [] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have reliable specific knowledge of the assignee or named inventor on U.S. Design Patent D798,177 for the \"Audio/Video doorbell.\" I'd be guessing rather than recalling verified facts, so I won't provide a name — this would need to be looked up via USPTO or Google... | judge | easy | [
"design-patent",
"assignee",
"consumer-tech"
] |
SC01 | science-verification | science | What is the defined value of the speed of light in vacuum in meters per second, and is it now treated as an exact figure or a measured quantity with uncertainty? | NIST 2022 CODATA: 299792458 m s^-1, flagged exact (zero uncertainty) — fixed by definition since the 2019 SI redefinition, which defines the metre in terms of c rather than treating c as a measured quantity. Wikidata's speed-of-light entity (Q2111) independently carries a P1181 ('numeric value') statement of 299792458 ... | Live fetch of NIST's real 2022 CODATA bulk constants table (via this dataset's own scripts/verification/science-verify.mjs client) confirms the 'speed of light in vacuum' entry is 299792458 m s^-1 with an Uncertainty field of the literal string '(exact)', not a measured figure with error bars. Added a second, genuinely... | [
"https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/Table/allascii.txt",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "The speed of light in vacuum is defined as exactly 299,792,458 meters per second. Since 1983, this has been a fixed, exact defined value (not a measured quantity with uncertainty) — it's used to define the meter itself, so by definition there's no error bar on it.",
"ver... | exact | easy | [
"physics",
"constants",
"speed-of-light",
"si-units"
] |
SC09 | science-verification | science | In what year, and by which collaborating institutions, was element 118 (oganesson) first synthesized? | Wikidata (Q1307) P575 (time of discovery) = 2002-06, referenced to webelements.com/oganesson/history.html; P61 (discoverer or inventor) lists only the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Q259517) — Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is not recorded as a separate P61 value. The real confirming publication (Oganess... | The date (June 2002) matches cleanly and is properly reference-linked on Wikidata, unlike several other rows in this dataset. The institutional-attribution half of the claim only partially matches on Wikidata's own structured data: P61 records JINR alone, not the JINR-LLNL joint collaboration described in real historic... | [
"https://openalex.org/W2232168287",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Oganesson (element 118) was first synthesized in 2002 (announced in 2006) by a joint team from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the United States.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | exact | hard | [
"chemistry",
"discovery",
"element-118",
"attribution"
] |
SC17 | science-verification | science | What is known or predicted about the timing of Betelgeuse's eventual supernova, and what recent discovery regarding a possible companion star has affected such predictions? | The companion star's existence is real but only marginally confirmed: Howell, S.B. et al., 'The Probable Direct-imaging Detection of the Stellar Companion to Betelgeuse,' The Astrophysical Journal Letters, DOI 10.3847/2041-8213/adeaaf, published 2025-07-23, whose own abstract states the detection is 'only a 1.5σ detect... | This claim is honestly unverifiable in both directions it makes. The wide timing range ('any day' to 100,000 years) is not something any single paper confirms or refutes — it is real published uncertainty, not evasiveness. The companion-star detail checks out as real but itself carries a real, stated statistical caveat... | [
"https://openalex.org/W4412586105",
"https://www.nasa.gov/science-research/astrophysics/nasa-scientist-finds-predicted-companion-star-to-betelgeuse/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Betelgeuse is a red supergiant expected to go supernova sometime in the next roughly 100,000 years — astronomically \"soon\" but with no precise date; it could be tomorrow or tens of millennia from now. In 2024-2025, researchers proposed (based on periodic brightness varia... | judge | hard | [
"astronomy",
"stars",
"betelgeuse",
"time-sensitive"
] |
SC25 | science-verification | science | Under the current SI system (post-2019 redefinition), is the vacuum magnetic permeability (μ₀) a fixed, exactly defined constant or a measured quantity with an associated uncertainty, and what is its currently accepted value? | NIST 2022 CODATA live table: 'vacuum mag. permeability' = 1.256 637 061 27×10⁻⁶ N A⁻², with a real, nonzero published uncertainty of 0.000 000 000 20×10⁻⁶ N A⁻² (i.e. flagged exact:false, NOT '(exact)') — a measured quantity, not a fixed defining one | This is a real, still-widely-repeated claim (the cited AP-Physics study page states it as fact) that was true for essentially the entire history of the SI system before 20 May 2019 — pre-2019, μ₀ was fixed by definition via the (then-)defined ampere. The 2019 SI redefinition flipped this: the ampere is now defined via ... | [
"https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/Table/allascii.txt",
"https://fiveable.me/key-terms/principles-physics-ii/permeability-of-free-space"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Since the 2019 SI redefinition, μ₀ is no longer an exactly defined constant — it used to be exactly 4π×10⁻⁷ N/A² by definition, but now that the elementary charge and other constants are fixed instead, μ₀ must be determined experimentally (via the fine-structure constant, ... | judge | hard | [
"physics",
"constants",
"permeability",
"si-redefinition"
] |
SC33 | science-verification | science | In what year was buckminsterfullerene (C60) actually discovered, and does that match the date recorded in Wikidata's structured entry for the molecule? | Wikidata's buckminsterfullerene entity (Q1075376) carries an unreferenced P575 (time of discovery) statement of 1984, with no P61 (discoverer) statement at all. But the real, actual discovery paper — Kroto, H.W., Heath, J.R., O'Brien, S.C., Curl, R.F. & Smalley, R.E., 'C60: Buckminsterfullerene,' Nature, DOI 10.1038/31... | The scientist names (Kroto, Curl, Smalley) and the 1996 Nobel Prize are correct and well-documented. But cross-checking the discovery year against two independent real sources this pass surfaced a genuine, non-trivial discrepancy: Wikidata's own P575 statement for buckminsterfullerene says 1984, unreferenced, while the... | [
"https://openalex.org/W11476871",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Buckminsterfullerene (C60) was discovered/first observed in 1985 by Kroto, Curl, Smalley and colleagues (published in Nature, work for which they later won the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry). I don't have reliable knowledge of what specific date value is currently recorded... | exact | medium | [
"chemistry",
"discovery",
"fullerene",
"nobel-prize"
] |
SEF01 | sec-edgar-financials-verification | finance | What was Apple's total revenue for fiscal year 2024 (the year ended September 28, 2024), as reported in its official SEC filing? | $391,035,000,000 (exact, as filed) | Live SEC EDGAR companyconcept lookup (CIK 0000320193, us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax, fy=2024/fp=FY) returned the actual filed value $391,035,000,000 from the real 10-K filed 2024-11-01 (accession 0000320193-24-000123, period 2023-10-01 to 2024-09-28). Claimed value $391,000,000,000 differs... | [
"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000032019324000123/0000320193-24-000123-index.htm",
"https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/10/apple-reports-fourth-quarter-results/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Apple reported total net sales of about $391.0 billion for fiscal year 2024 (ended September 28, 2024) in its 10-K filing, with net income of roughly $93.7 billion. I recall this with fairly high confidence but wouldn't rule out being off by a small amount on the exact fig... | numeric | easy | [
"apple",
"revenue",
"fy2024",
"tech"
] |
SEF09 | sec-edgar-financials-verification | finance | What was Amazon's net income for the full year 2024, and what did that equate to in diluted earnings per share? | $59,248,000,000 (exact, as filed) | Live SEC EDGAR companyconcept lookup (CIK 0001018724, us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss, fy=2024/fp=FY) returned the actual filed value $59,248,000,000 from the real 10-K filed 2025-02-07 (accession 0001018724-25-000004, period 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31). Claimed value $59,200,000,000 differs by 0.081% from the actual filed figure,... | [
"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872425000004/0001018724-25-000004-index.htm",
"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/news-release/news-release-details/2025/Amazon-com-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-Results/default.aspx"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Amazon reported net income of about $59.2 billion for full-year 2024, which worked out to diluted earnings per share of roughly $5.53.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | numeric | easy | [
"amazon",
"net-income",
"eps",
"fy2024"
] |
SEF17 | sec-edgar-financials-verification | finance | Did Boeing return to GAAP profitability for fiscal year 2025 after its prior year's loss, and if so, what was its net income figure? | $2,235,000,000 (exact, as filed) | Live SEC EDGAR companyconcept lookup (CIK 0000012927, us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss, fy=2025/fp=FY) returned the actual filed value $2,235,000,000 from the real 10-K filed 2026-01-30 (accession 0001628280-26-004357, period 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31). Claimed value $1,000,000,000 differs by 55.257% from the actual filed figure —... | [
"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/12927/000162828026004357/0001628280-26-004357-index.htm",
"https://investors.boeing.com/investors/news/press-release-details/2025/Boeing-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results/default.aspx"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have reliable, specific knowledge of Boeing's actual fiscal year 2025 full-year results. Boeing posted net losses every year from 2019 through 2024 (the 2024 loss was roughly $11-12 billion), but I don't have confirmed figures for full-year 2025 results, which woul... | numeric | hard | [
"boeing",
"net-income",
"fy2025",
"aerospace"
] |
SEF25 | sec-edgar-financials-verification | finance | What was The Coca-Cola Company's total revenue for full-year 2024? | $47,061,000,000 (exact, as filed) | Live SEC EDGAR companyconcept lookup (CIK 0000021344, us-gaap:Revenues, fy=2024/fp=FY) returned the actual filed value $47,061,000,000 from the real 10-K filed 2025-02-20 (accession 0000021344-25-000011, period 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31). Claimed value $47,100,000,000 differs by 0.083% from the actual filed figure, with... | [
"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/21344/000002134425000011/0000021344-25-000011-index.htm",
"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/21344/000002134425000011/"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "Coca-Cola's total net revenue for full-year 2024 was approximately $47.1 billion.",
"verdict": "correct"
} | numeric | easy | [
"coca-cola",
"revenue",
"fy2024",
"consumer-staples"
] |
SEF33 | sec-edgar-financials-verification | finance | What was Intel's net income (or loss) for fiscal year 2025, and how did it compare to its fiscal year 2024 result? | -$267,000,000 (exact, as filed) | Live SEC EDGAR companyconcept lookup (CIK 0000050863, us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss, fy=2025/fp=FY) returned the actual filed value -$267,000,000 from the real 10-K filed 2026-01-23 (accession 0000050863-26-000011, period 2024-12-29 to 2025-12-27). Claimed value -$15,000,000,000 differs by 5517.978% from the actual filed figur... | [
"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086326000011/0000050863-26-000011-index.htm",
"https://newsroom.intel.com/corporate/intel-reports-fourth-quarter-full-year-2024-financial-results"
] | {
"model": "claude-sonnet-5",
"response": "I don't have confirmed, verified financial results for Intel's fiscal year 2025, since that year hasn't fully been reported in my training and I don't have real-time data access enabled for this answer. I know Intel posted a substantial net loss in FY2024 (roughly $18-19 b... | numeric | hard | [
"intel",
"net-loss",
"fy2025",
"semiconductors"
] |
https://github.com/Groundtruth-Data/Groundtruth-Data
Groundtruth Hallucination Bench — free 100-case sample
100 machine-runnable hallucination test cases sampled from Groundtruth, a catalog of 17 verified ground-truth datasets (918 eval cases total) built for one job: measuring whether an AI model states facts or invents them.
What makes these rows different
- Every expected answer was independently re-derived from the live primary source (openFDA, SEC EDGAR, USASpending, USPTO, ClinicalTrials.gov, Companies House REST API, Wikidata, NIST, Project Gutenberg full texts, real code execution on pinned interpreter versions) — not scraped, not generated, not recalled from any model's memory. Source URLs ship in every row.
- Triple adversarially audited. Dedicated skeptic passes tried to prove every row wrong against the live sources; ~55 real errors were found and fixed, every correction disclosed in-row, and one audit even caught and reverted a wrong earlier "correction."
- Contamination-resistant. Rows are verified on dated live lookups, and new post-training-cutoff facts are added monthly (e.g. a June 2026 FDA recall no current model can know from training data).
- Ready to run. Each line is one self-contained case:
question,expected_answer,grading_context,grading_mode(exact | numeric | judge),difficulty,tags,source_urls, and a frontier model's actual cold graded attempt as a baseline (reference_model).
Baseline (cold, no tools, no retrieval)
Claude Sonnet 5 across the full 874 graded cases: 70.8% correct, 10.1% hallucinated, 18.6% hedged — with per-domain hallucination rates from 0% (history) to 32.6% (citation-graph questions).
Run it
curl -O https://groundtruthdata.dev/eval-runner.mjs
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=... node eval-runner.mjs groundtruth-sample.jsonl
# or any OpenAI-compatible endpoint:
node eval-runner.mjs --provider openai --base-url http://localhost:11434/v1 --model llama3.3 groundtruth-sample.jsonl
# or literally any model/stack:
node eval-runner.mjs --cmd "./ask-my-model.sh" groundtruth-sample.jsonl
The full datasets
This is a ~10% sample. The full catalog (17 datasets, 918 cases, plus a 171-company verified AI/ML landscape dataset) is licensed at https://groundtruthdata.dev — one-time exports, or Living versions with monthly re-verification, drift changelogs, and fresh contamination-proof rows.
License for this sample: CC BY 4.0 (attribute "Groundtruth"). The underlying facts derive from public-domain / US-government / CC0 primary sources; each row cites its own sources.
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